FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Abbatiello, SE Schilling, B Mani, DR Zimmerman, LJ Hall, SC Maclean, B Albertolle, M Allen, S Burgess, M Cusack, MP Gosh, M Hedrick, V Held, JM Inerowicz, HD Jackson, A Keshishian, H Kinsinger, CR Lyssand, J Makowski, L Mesri, M Rodriguez, H Rudnick, P Sadowski, P Sedransk, N Shaddox, K Skates, SJ Kuhn, E Smith, D Whiteaker, JR Whitwell, C Zhang, S Borchers, CH Fisher, SJ Gibson, BW Liebler, DC MacCoss, MJ Neubert, TA Paulovich, AG Regnier, FE Tempst, P Carr, SA AF Abbatiello, Susan E. Schilling, Birgit Mani, D. R. Zimmerman, Lisa J. Hall, Steven C. Maclean, Brendan Albertolle, Matthew Allen, Simon Burgess, Michael Cusack, Michael P. Gosh, Mousumi Hedrick, Victoria Held, Jason M. Inerowicz, H. Dorota Jackson, Angela Keshishian, Hasmik Kinsinger, Christopher R. Lyssand, John Makowski, Lee Mesri, Mehdi Rodriguez, Henry Rudnick, Paul Sadowski, Pawel Sedransk, Nell Shaddox, Kent Skates, Stephen J. Kuhn, Eric Smith, Derek Whiteaker, Jeffery R. Whitwell, Corbin Zhang, Shucha Borchers, Christoph H. Fisher, Susan J. Gibson, Bradford W. Liebler, Daniel C. MacCoss, Michael J. Neubert, Thomas A. Paulovich, Amanda G. Regnier, Fred E. Tempst, Paul Carr, Steven A. TI Large-Scale Interlaboratory Study to Develop, Analytically Validate and Apply Highly Multiplexed, Quantitative Peptide Assays to Measure Cancer-Relevant Proteins in Plasma SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID MONITORING MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LOW-ABUNDANCE PROTEINS; ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; TARGETED PROTEOMICS; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; STANDARDS; MS; PROTEOLYSIS; PERFORMANCE AB There is an increasing need in biology and clinical medicine to robustly and reliably measure tens to hundreds of peptides and proteins in clinical and biological samples with high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and repeatability. Previously, we demonstrated that LC-MRM-MS with isotope dilution has suitable performance for quantitative measurements of small numbers of relatively abundant proteins in human plasma and that the resulting assays can be transferred across laboratories while maintaining high reproducibility and quantitative precision. Here, we significantly extend that earlier work, demonstrating that 11 laboratories using 14 LC-MS systems can develop, determine analytical figures of merit, and apply highly multiplexed MRM-MS assays targeting 125 peptides derived from 27 cancer-relevant proteins and seven control proteins to precisely and reproducibly measure the analytes in human plasma. To ensure consistent generation of high quality data, we incorporated a system suitability protocol (SSP) into our experimental design. The SSP enabled real-time monitoring of LC-MRM-MS performance during assay development and implementation, facilitating early detection and correction of chromatographic and instrumental problems. Low to sub-nanogram/ml sensitivity for proteins in plasma was achieved by one-step immunoaffinity depletion of 14 abundant plasma proteins prior to analysis. Median intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility was <20%, sufficient for most biological studies and candidate protein biomarker verification. Digestion recovery of peptides was assessed and quantitative accuracy improved using heavy-isotope-labeled versions of the proteins as internal standards. Using the highly multiplexed assay, participating laboratories were able to precisely and reproducibly determine the levels of a series of analytes in blinded samples used to simulate an interlaboratory clinical study of patient samples. Our study further establishes that LC-MRM-MS using stable isotope dilution, with appropriate attention to analytical validation and appropriate quality control measures, enables sensitive, specific, reproducible, and quantitative measurements of proteins and peptides in complex biological matrices such as plasma. C1 [Abbatiello, Susan E.; Mani, D. R.; Burgess, Michael; Keshishian, Hasmik; Kuhn, Eric; Carr, Steven A.] Broad Inst & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Schilling, Birgit; Cusack, Michael P.; Held, Jason M.; Gibson, Bradford W.] Buck Inst Res Aging, Novato, CA 94945 USA. [Zimmerman, Lisa J.; Shaddox, Kent; Whitwell, Corbin; Liebler, Daniel C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Zimmerman, Lisa J.; Shaddox, Kent; Whitwell, Corbin; Liebler, Daniel C.] Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Jim Ayers Inst Precancer Detect & Diag, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Hall, Steven C.; Albertolle, Matthew; Allen, Simon; Fisher, Susan J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Maclean, Brendan; MacCoss, Michael J.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA USA. [Gosh, Mousumi; Tempst, Paul] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Hedrick, Victoria; Inerowicz, H. Dorota; Regnier, Fred E.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jackson, Angela; Smith, Derek; Borchers, Christoph H.] Univ Victoria, Genome BC Prote Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada. [Kinsinger, Christopher R.; Mesri, Mehdi; Rodriguez, Henry; Neubert, Thomas A.] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Lyssand, John; Sadowski, Pawel; Neubert, Thomas A.] NYU, Skirball Inst, Kimmel Ctr Biol & Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Rudnick, Paul] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sedransk, Nell] Natl Inst Stat Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Skates, Stephen J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Biostat Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Whiteaker, Jeffery R.; Zhang, Shucha; Paulovich, Amanda G.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Carr, SA (reprint author), Broad Inst & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. EM scarr@broad.mit.edu OI Tempst, Paul/0000-0002-6680-3987; Held, Jason/0000-0001-8024-2736 FU National Cancer Institute, NCI Clinical Proteomic Technologies for Cancer initiative [U24 CA126476, U24 126477, U24 126480, U24 CA126485, U24 126479]; NCI [U24CA160034]; Vanderbilt University Center via NCI [U24CA159988]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB9H9001]; NCRR Shared Instrumentation program [S10 RR027953, S10 RR024604]; National Institute of Statistical Sciences; Canary Foundation FX This work was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute (U24 CA126476, U24 126477, U24 126480, U24 CA126485, and U24 126479), part of NCI Clinical Proteomic Technologies for Cancer (http://proteomics.cancer.gov) initiative. A component of this initiative is the Clinical Proteomic Technology Assessment for Cancer (CPTAC) Network and teams, which include the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of Victoria, and the Plasma Proteome Institute), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (with the Skirball Institute at New York University), Purdue University (with Monarch Life Sciences, Indiana University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, and the Hoosier Oncology Group), University of California, San Francisco (with the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center), and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (with the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, the University of Washington, and the University of Arizona). The Broad Institute and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center also acknowledge CPTAC phase 2 support from NCI U24CA160034, as does the Vanderbilt University Center via NCI U24CA159988. The UCSF CPTAC team gratefully acknowledges the support of the Canary Foundation for providing funds to purchase a 4000 QTRAP mass spectrometer. The Vanderbilt CPTAC team was additionally supported by Cooperative Agreement No. 70NANB9H9001 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. B.W.G. and T.A.N. acknowledge support from the NCRR Shared Instrumentation program for instrumentation (grants S10 RR027953 and S10 RR024604, respectively). The NCI CPTAC also supported the work by the National Institute of Statistical Sciences. NR 59 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 8 U2 35 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 EI 1535-9484 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD SEP PY 2015 VL 14 IS 9 BP 2357 EP 2374 DI 10.1074/mcp.M114.047050 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CQ7YO UT WOS:000360823000006 PM 25693799 ER PT J AU Zhu, B Schachenmayer, J Xu, M Herrera, F Restrepo, JG Holland, MJ Rey, AM AF Zhu, B. Schachenmayer, J. Xu, M. Herrera, F. Restrepo, J. G. Holland, M. J. Rey, A. M. TI Synchronization of interacting quantum dipoles SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quantum synchronization; dipole-dipole interaction; nonlinear dynamics; atomic clocks ID SUPERRADIANT LASER; OPTICAL LATTICE; OSCILLATORS; NETWORKS; CLOCK; ENTANGLEMENT; TEMPERATURE; DISCORD; LIGHT; JUMP AB Macroscopic ensembles of radiating dipoles are ubiquitous in the physical and natural sciences. In the classical limit the dipoles can be described as damped-driven oscillators, which are able to spontaneously synchronize and collectively lock their phases in the presence of nonlinear coupling. Here we investigate the corresponding phenomenon with arrays of quantized two-level systems coupled via long-range and anisotropic dipolar interactions. Our calculations demonstrate that by incoherently driving dense packed arrays of strongly interacting dipoles, the dipoles can overcome the decoherence induced by quantum fluctuations and inhomogeneous coupling and reach a synchronized steady-state characterized by a macroscopic phase coherence. This steady-state bears much similarity to that observed in classical systems, and yet also exhibits genuine quantum properties such as quantum correlations and quantum phase diffusion (reminiscent of lasing). Our predictions could be relevant for the development of better atomic clocks and a variety of noise tolerant quantum devices. C1 [Zhu, B.; Schachenmayer, J.; Xu, M.; Holland, M. J.; Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Herrera, F.] Univ Santiago Chile, Dept Phys, USACH, Santiago, Chile. [Restrepo, J. G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zhu, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, JILA, NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM murray.holland@colorado.edu; arey@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Xu, Minghui/D-4701-2017; OI SCHACHENMAYER, JOHANNES/0000-0001-9420-5768 FU NIST; NSF [PIF-1211914, PFC-1125844, CNS-0821794]; AFOSR; AFOSR-MURI; ARO; NCAR; CU Boulder/Denver; DARPA QuASAR FX The authors wish to acknowledge useful discussions with David Nesbitt, James K Thompson, Alexey V Gorshkov, Emanuel Knill, Kaden R A Hazzard, Michael Foss-Feig, Zhe-Xuan Gong, Michael L Wall, Dominic Meiser, Xibo Zhang and Timur VT scherbul. This work was supported by NIST, the NSF (PIF-1211914 and PFC-1125844), AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI, ARO individual investigator awards, and DARPA QuASAR. Computations utilized the Janus supercomputer, supported by NSF (award number CNS-0821794), NCAR, and CU Boulder/Denver. NR 80 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 083063 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/8/083063 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CQ9TK UT WOS:000360957900003 ER PT J AU Klimov, NN Mittal, S Berger, M Ahmed, Z AF Klimov, Nikolai N. Mittal, Sunil Berger, Michaela Ahmed, Zeeshan TI On-chip silicon waveguide Bragg grating photonic temperature sensor SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RING-RESONATOR; FIBER; WAVELENGTH; CRYSTALLINE; DEPENDENCE AB Resistance thermometry is a time-tested method for taking temperature measurements. In recent years, fundamental limits to resistance-based approaches have spurred considerable interest in developing photonic temperature sensors as a viable alternative. In this study, we demonstrate that our photonic thermometer, which consists of a silicon waveguide integrated with a Bragg grating, can be used to measure temperature changes over the range of 5 degrees C-160 degrees C, with a combined expanded uncertainty [k = 2, 95% confidence level] of 1.25 degrees C. Computational modeling of the sensor predicts the resonance wavelength and effective refractive index within 4% of the measured value. C1 [Klimov, Nikolai N.; Berger, Michaela; Ahmed, Zeeshan] NIST, Thermodynam Metrol Grp, Sensor Sci Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mittal, Sunil] NIST, Quantum Opt Grp, Quantum Measurement Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Klimov, Nikolai N.; Mittal, Sunil] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mittal, Sunil] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ahmed, Z (reprint author), NIST, Thermodynam Metrol Grp, Sensor Sci Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zeeshan.ahmed@nist.gov NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 17 BP 3934 EP 3936 DI 10.1364/OL.40.003934 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA CQ7UM UT WOS:000360810200003 PM 26368679 ER PT J AU Egan, PF Stone, JA Hendricks, JH Ricker, JE Scace, GE Strouse, GF AF Egan, Patrick F. Stone, Jack A. Hendricks, Jay H. Ricker, Jacob E. Scace, Gregory E. Strouse, Gregory F. TI Performance of a dual Fabry-Perot cavity refractometer SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS; HELIUM AB We have built and characterized a refractometer that utilizes two Fabry-Perot cavities formed on a dimensionally stable spacer. In the typical mode of operation, one cavity is held at vacuum, and the other cavity is filled with nitrogen gas. The differential change in length between the cavities is measured as the difference in frequency between two helium-neon lasers, one locked to the resonance of each cavity. This differential change in optical length is a measure of the gas refractivity. Using the known values for the molar refractivity and virial coefficients of nitrogen, and accounting for cavity length distortions, the device can be used as a high-resolution, multi-decade pressure sensor. We define a reference value for nitrogen refractivity as n - 1 = (26485.28 +/- 0.3) x 10(-8) at p = 100.0000 kPa, T = 302.9190 K, and lambda(vac) = 632.9908 nm. We compare pressure determinations via the refractometer and the reference value to a mercury manometer. C1 [Egan, Patrick F.; Stone, Jack A.; Hendricks, Jay H.; Ricker, Jacob E.; Scace, Gregory E.; Strouse, Gregory F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Egan, PF (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM patrick.egan@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 17 BP 3945 EP 3948 DI 10.1364/OL.40.003945 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CQ7UM UT WOS:000360810200006 PM 26368682 ER PT J AU Meng, XM Yin, MS Ning, LB Liu, DF Xue, XW AF Meng, Xianmeng Yin, Maosheng Ning, Libo Liu, Dengfeng Xue, Xianwu TI A threshold artificial neural network model for improving runoff prediction in a karst watershed SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Artificial neural network; Karst watershed; Simulation; Threshold ID PART I; FLOW; AQUIFERS; SPRINGS; SIMULATION; DISCHARGE; WAVELET AB Artificial neural network model (ANN) has been extensively used in hydrological prediction. Generally, most existing rainfall-runoff models including artificial neural network model are not very successful at simulating streamflow in karst watersheds. Due to the complex physical structure of karst aquifer systems, runoff generation processes are quite different during flood and non-flood periods. In this paper, an ANN model based on back-propagation algorithm was developed to simulate and predict daily streamflow in karst watersheds. The idea of threshold was introduced into artificial neural network model [hereafter called Threshold-ANN model (T-ANN)] to represent the nonlinear characteristics of the runoff generation processes in the flood and non-flood periods. The T-ANN model is applied to the Hamajing watershed, which is a small karst watershed in Hubei Province, China. The network input, the previous discharge, is determined by the correlative analysis, and the network structure is optimized with the maximum Nash coefficient as the objective function. And the precipitation and previous discharge are chosen as the threshold factors to reflect the effect of specificity of karst aquifer systems, respectively. By using the T-ANN, the simulation errors of streamflow have been reduced, and the simulation becomes more successful, which would be helpful for runoff prediction in karst watersheds. C1 [Meng, Xianmeng; Yin, Maosheng; Ning, Libo] China Univ Geosci, Sch Environm Studies, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Liu, Dengfeng] Xian Univ Technol, Sch Water Resources & Hydropower, Xian 710048, Peoples R China. [Xue, Xianwu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Meng, XM (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, Sch Environm Studies, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM mengxianmeng2000@163.com RI Xue, Xianwu/C-8006-2016 OI Xue, Xianwu/0000-0002-2106-6370 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51109192]; Fundamental Research Funds for National University, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) [CUGL100220]; Juzheng Fund on Environmental Protection [201203904] FX This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51109192) and the Fundamental Research Funds for National University, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (CUGL100220) and Juzheng Fund on Environmental Protection (201203904). NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 EI 1866-6299 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 74 IS 6 BP 5039 EP 5048 DI 10.1007/s12665-015-4562-9 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA CQ3XM UT WOS:000360537700034 ER PT J AU Gharavi, H Chen, HH Wietfeld, C AF Gharavi, Hamid Chen, Hsiao-Hwa Wietfeld, Christian TI Special Section on Cyber-Physical Systems and Security for Smart Grid SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gharavi, Hamid] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Hsiao-Hwa] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Engn Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Wietfeld, Christian] TU Dortmund Univ, Dortmund, Germany. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-3053 EI 1949-3061 J9 IEEE T SMART GRID JI IEEE Trans. Smart Grid PD SEP PY 2015 VL 6 IS 5 BP 2405 EP 2408 DI 10.1109/TSG.2015.2464911 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CQ2MW UT WOS:000360435900023 ER PT J AU Gharavi, H Hu, B AF Gharavi, Hamid Hu, Bin TI Scalable Synchrophasors Communication Network Design and Implementation for Real-Time Distributed Generation Grid SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID LA English DT Article DE Distributed generation (DG) systems; Emulab; emulation; IEEE 802.11; phasor measurement unit (PMU); radial; synchrophasors; wide area monitoring system ID FEEDERS AB There has been a growing interest in the deployment of phasor measurement units (PMUs) not only in high-voltage transmission, but in lower-voltage distribution systems. For a distributed generation (DG) grid, this would require deployment of PMUs at critical locations, which implies accurate phase measurement with the support of a low delay, highly reliable network infrastructure. In the absence of such a network, the most cost-effective solution would be to consider a wireless network to support centralized control for situational awareness in the transmission, as well as the DG grid environment. Therefore, the main objective in this paper is to design and implement a scalable synchrophasor network using wireless LAN technology to assess network performance and requirements under real-world conditions. To achieve this, we have designed an emulation platform that can support physical and medium access control layers. The data communication at the application is based on the IEEE C37.118-2011-2 Standard. By considering a hierarchical network architecture for our testbed implementation, we propose an efficient method to reduce bandwidth, as well as provide capabilities for control and management at each hierarchical level. In addition, an efficient tree-based multihop routing protocol has been designed to match a specific distribution feeder structure. The testbed is then used to access different network configurations under various test conditions. C1 [Gharavi, Hamid; Hu, Bin] NIST, Adv Network Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), NIST, Adv Network Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Gharavi@nist.gov; bhu@nist.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-3053 EI 1949-3061 J9 IEEE T SMART GRID JI IEEE Trans. Smart Grid PD SEP PY 2015 VL 6 IS 5 BP 2539 EP 2550 DI 10.1109/TSG.2015.2424196 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CQ2MW UT WOS:000360435900038 ER PT J AU Matta, ME AF Matta, M. E. TI Reproductive biology of the Alaska skate Bathyraja parmifera, with comments on an intersexual individual SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elasmobranch; intersexuality; life history; North Pacific; Rajidae; reproductive phenology ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; LEUCORAJA-OCELLATA; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; NORTH PACIFIC; WESTERN GULF; WINTER SKATE; FISHES; SHARK; EXPLOITATION; CONSERVATION AB A total of 1357 specimens of Alaska skate Bathyraja parmifera were collected in the eastern Bering Sea by fisheries observers and during scientific groundfish surveys from 2003 to 2005. Male and female gonads were examined for maturity stage and seasonal reproductive timing. Based on seasonal reproductive data, including the occurrence of egg cases, ovum size, ovum number, shell-gland width and gonado-somatic index, this species appears to reproduce continually throughout the year. Potential effects of maternal size upon the size and number of mature oocytes were also investigated, with total length having a significant, although weak, influence on both. Morphology of a single intersexual individual encountered during the collection period is also described. C1 NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Matta, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM beth.matta@noaa.gov OI Matta, Mary/0000-0003-1677-8418 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under NOAA as part of the NOAA Stock Assessment Improvement Plan [NA17RJ1232, 1334] FX This work was completed in 2006 as part of a Master's Thesis project funded through the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under NOAA Cooperative Agreement Number NA17RJ1232, Contribution #1334 as part of the NOAA Stock Assessment Improvement Plan. I am indebted to the AFSC RACE Programme and the North Pacific Groundfish Observer Program, which made seasonal collections possible. A. Greig provided mapmaking assistance. Many thanks to the following individuals who provided assistance on various aspects of this project: D. Ebert, C. Gburski, J. Hoff and A. Hollowed. Special thanks to D. Gunderson for providing support and encouragement. C. Gburski, T. Helser, J. Hoff, C. Hutchinson and two anonymous referees provided helpful reviews on earlier versions of this manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 87 IS 3 BP 664 EP 678 DI 10.1111/jfb.12747 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ5TX UT WOS:000360669700009 PM 26219734 ER PT J AU Mantua, NJ AF Mantua, Nathan J. TI Shifting patterns in Pacific climate, West Coast salmon survival rates, and increased volatility in ecosystem services SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; NORTH-AMERICA; DYNAMICS; MATURITY; AGE C1 NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Mantua, NJ (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM nate.mantua@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 26 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 35 BP 10823 EP 10824 DI 10.1073/pnas.1513511112 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ1TV UT WOS:000360383200026 PM 26305962 ER PT J AU Stawitz, CC Essington, TE Branch, TA Haltuch, MA Hollowed, AB Spencer, PD AF Stawitz, Christine C. Essington, Timothy E. Branch, Trevor A. Haltuch, Melissa A. Hollowed, Anne B. Spencer, Paul D. TI A state-space approach for detecting growth variation and application to North Pacific groundfish SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; AGE VALIDATION; GEAR SELECTIVITY; SIZE; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; MODEL; FISH; POPULATION; TEMPERATURE AB Understanding demographic variation in recruitment and somatic growth is key to improving our understanding of population dynamics and forecasting ability. Although recruitment variability has been extensively studied, somatic growth variation has received less attention, in part because of difficulties in modeling growth from individual size-at-age estimates. Here we develop a Bayesian state-space approach to test for the prevalence of alternative forms of growth rate variability (e.g., annual, cohort-level, or in the first year recruited to the fishery) in size-at-age data. We apply this technique to 29 Pacific groundfish species across the California Current, Gulf of Alaska, and Bering Sea - Aleutian Islands marine ecosystems. About 40% of modeled stocks were estimated to exhibit temporal growth variation. In the majority of stocks, growth trends fluctuated annually across ages in a single year, suggesting that either there are shared environmental features that dictate growth across multiple ages or the presence of some systematic (within-year) observation errors. This method represents a novel way to use size-at-age data from fishery or other sources to test hypotheses about growth dynamics variability. C1 [Stawitz, Christine C.] Univ Washington, Quantitat Ecol & Resource Management, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Essington, Timothy E.; Branch, Trevor A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Haltuch, Melissa A.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hollowed, Anne B.; Spencer, Paul D.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stawitz, CC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Quantitat Ecol & Resource Management, Box 352182, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cstawitz@uw.edu FU NOAA Fisheries and Environment program FX The present work was funded by the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment program. We thank N.J. Mantua for assisting with project development and A. Grieg and S.J.Martell for helping to extract data for this analysis. We also thank M.J. Doyle, O.S. Hamel, J.N. Ianelli, T.E. Helser, A.M. Berger, and one anonymous reviewer for comments that greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 72 IS 9 BP 1316 EP 1328 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0558 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ0OZ UT WOS:000360297500004 ER PT J AU Jacobson, LD Hendrickson, LC Tang, JS AF Jacobson, Larry D. Hendrickson, Lisa C. Tang, Jiashen TI Solar zenith angles for biological research and an expected catch model for diel vertical migration patterns that affect stock size estimates for longfin inshore squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TRAWL SURVEY; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; ILLEX-ILLECEBROSUS; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; DIURNAL-VARIATION; LOLIGO-PEALEII; FISH; CATCHABILITY; POPULATIONS; INDEXES AB Solar zenith angles are useful in diel studies because they are directly related to potential solar irradiance at the point of sampling and can be calculated from location, date, and time of day. We used zenith angles to quantify diel vertical migration effects on both the probability of a positive tow and catch size for longfin squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) using two-stage generalized additive models (GAMs). Zenith angles were better than time of day for modeling diel effects on inshore longfin squid bottom trawl survey catches and were particularly suitable for data collected over large areas and extended time periods. Diel effects were size-specific in most cases. Our expected catch method can be used to account for diel effects when estimating swept-area stock size from research survey data. Differences in observed day-night catches and model results show the potential for bias in swept-area stock size estimates that ignore diel migration effects. Zenith angles may be useful in specifying prior distributions for survey catchability parameters in stock assessment models. C1 [Jacobson, Larry D.; Hendrickson, Lisa C.; Tang, Jiashen] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Jacobson, LD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Larry.Jacobson@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 72 IS 9 BP 1329 EP 1338 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0436 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ0OZ UT WOS:000360297500005 ER PT J AU Stich, DS Kinnison, MT Kocik, JF Zydlewski, JD AF Stich, Daniel S. Kinnison, Michael T. Kocik, John F. Zydlewski, Joseph D. TI Initiation of migration and movement rates of Atlantic salmon smolts in fresh water SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SALAR SMOLTS; PENOBSCOT RIVER; DOWNSTREAM MIGRATION; PHOTOPERIOD CONTROL; SEAWARD MIGRATION; MARINE SURVIVAL; CHINOOK SALMON; TEMPERATURE; HATCHERY; MAINE AB Timing of ocean entry is critical for marine survival of both hatchery and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts. Management practices and barriers to migration such as dams may constrain timing of smolt migrations resulting in suboptimal performance at saltwater entry. We modeled influences of stocking location, smolt development, and environmental conditions on (i) initiation of migration by hatchery-reared smolts and (ii) movement rate of hatchery-and wild-reared Atlantic salmon smolts in the Penobscot River, Maine, USA, from 2005 through 2014 using acoustic telemetry data. We also compared movement rates in free-flowing reaches with rates in reaches with hydropower dams and head ponds. We compared movement rates before and after (1) removal of two mainstem dams and (2) construction of new powerhouses. Initiation of movement by hatchery fish was influenced by smolt development, stocking location, and environmental conditions. Smolts with the greatest gill Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) activity initiated migration 24 h sooner than fish with the lowest gill NKA activity. Fish with the greatest cumulative thermal experience initiated migration 5 days earlier than those with lowest cumulative thermal experience. Smolts released furthest from the ocean initiated migration earlier than those released downstream, but movement rate increased by fivefold closer to the ocean, indicating behavioral trade-offs between initiation and movement rate. Dams had a strong effect on movement rate. Movement rate increased from 2.8 to 5.4 km.h(-1) in reaches where dams were removed, but decreased from 2.1 to 0.1 km.h(-1) in reaches where new powerhouses were constructed. Movement rate varied throughout the migratory period and was inversely related to temperature. Fish moved slower at extreme high or low discharge. Responses in fish movement rates to dam removal indicate the potential scope of recovery for these activities. C1 [Stich, Daniel S.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Kinnison, Michael T.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Kocik, John F.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph D.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Stich, DS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM daniel.stich@maine.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA); NOAA Open Rivers Initiative through Penobscot River Restoration Trust; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); Brookfield Renewable Power (Great Lakes Hydro America); Maine Department of Marine Resources; Nature Conservancy; University of Maine; US Geological Survey; Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Maine Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) [2008-07-01, A2011-06-06] FX Financial support for this research was provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), and NOAA Open Rivers Initiative through the Penobscot River Restoration Trust and NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Additional funding was provided by Brookfield Renewable Power (Great Lakes Hydro America), Maine Department of Marine Resources, The Nature Conservancy, University of Maine, and US Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. We acknowledge substantial contributions to this work by M. Bailey, C. Gardner, C. Holbrook, and A. O'Malley (Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology). We thank M. Altenritter, P. Dionne, S. Fernandes, and C. Johnston (School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine), as well as G. Goulette and J. Hawkes (NMFS) for their efforts in maintaining the acoustic receiver array in the Penobscot Estuary. We thank G. Zydlewski (School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine) and M. Bailey for thoughtful reviews during previous versions of this manuscript. The USFWS, GLNFH provided juvenile Atlantic salmon and was instrumental in facilitating the marking and stocking of smolts for this research. This work was done in coordination and cooperation with NOAA Fisheries Northeast Fisheries Science Center and Maine Department of Marine Resources. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This work was conducted under the auspices of University of Maine Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocols 2008-07-01 and A2011-06-06. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 55 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 72 IS 9 BP 1339 EP 1351 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0570 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ0OZ UT WOS:000360297500006 ER PT J AU Spies, I Punt, AE AF Spies, Ingrid Punt, Andre E. TI The utility of genetics in marine fisheries management: a simulation study based on Pacific cod off Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; BERING-SEA; N-E/N; POPULATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; VARIANCE; PATTERNS; GROWTH; FLOW AB Information on genetic population structure has been documented in many marine fish species, but it is not always incorporated into management plans. This study examines how conservation status and yield change when management units are established using genetic data versus treating the entire area as a single management unit. Simulations use a spatially structured, individual-based model that combines multilocus microsatellite genotypes and a traditional fish population dynamics model that establishes abundance-at-age by cohort. Results are considered in terms of marine fish species in general, and parameters in the model are based on Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region of Alaska. Population dynamics are projected under several management strategies, some of which establish management units based on the results of genetic testing and some that do not. Simulations incorporate annual stock assessments and fishing for 100 years. Results show that managed fishing can result in a reduction in stock sizes below target reference points when distinct populations are not managed based on the results of genetic testing. However, stock size is maintained at target levels and catches may increase when stocks identified using genetics are managed separately, even given error rates inherent to genetic testing. C1 [Spies, Ingrid] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Spies, Ingrid] Univ Washington, Quantitat Ecol & Resource Management, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Spies, I (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ingrid.spies@noaa.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center; School of Aquatic and Fishery Science at the University of Washington FX Teresa A'mar, Bailey Draper, Lorenz Hauser, Anne Hollowed, Sandra Lowe, Vladimir Minin, Grant Thompson, Robin Waples, and Rebecca White contributed to this work. Funding was provided by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center and the School of Aquatic and Fishery Science at the University of Washington. We thank two anonymous reviewers and the Editor for their comments on an earlier version of this paper. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 29 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 72 IS 9 BP 1415 EP 1432 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0050 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ0OZ UT WOS:000360297500013 ER PT J AU Li, Y Morrill, C AF Li, Yu Morrill, Carrie TI A Holocene East Asian winter monsoon record at the southern edge of the Gobi Desert and its comparison with a transient simulation SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE East Asian winter monsoon; Holocene; Climate simulations; The Gobi Desert; Eolian sediments ID CHINESE LOESS PLATEAU; QUATERNARY ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ; SUMMER MONSOON; ARCTIC-OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; LAST DEGLACIATION; NORTHERN CHINA; CLIMATE AB The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) exhibits significant variability on intraseasonal, interannual, and interdecadal time scales and the variability can be extended to Holocene centennial and millennial scales. Previous Holocene EAWM proxy data records, which were mostly located in Central, Eastern and Southern China, did not show a consistent Holocene EAWM history. Therefore, it is difficult to provide insights into mechanisms of the long-term winter monsoon variability on the basis of the records. Eolian sediments at the southern edge of the Gobi Desert, Western China, are sensitive to the EAWM changes and less affected by the East Asian summer monsoon due to an obstruction of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This paper presents a comparison between a well-dated Holocene EAWM record and coupled climate model simulations, so as to explore physical processes and influencing factors of the Holocene EAWM. Sediment samples from two Holocene eolian sedimentary sections [Huangyanghe (a) and Huangyanghe (b)] were acquired at the southern edge of the Gobi Desert. Chronologies were established based on twenty bulk organic matter AMS C-14 ages and five pollen concentrates AMS C-14 ages. Proxy data, including grain-size, total organic carbon, magnetic susceptibility and carbonate content were obtained from the two eolian sections. The grain-size standard deviation model was applied to determine components sensitive to variability of the Holocene EAWM. After a comparison of environmentally-sensitive grain-size components and proxy data, the 20-200 mu m component at the Huangyanghe (a) and the 20-159 mu m component at the Huangyanghe (b) section were selected as indicators of the Holocene EAWM, which show a strong early Holocene winter monsoon and a decline of the winter monsoon since the mid-Holocene. We also present equilibrium and transient simulations of the climate evolution for the Holocene using a state-of-art coupled climate model: the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3). Indices for the Holocene EAWM were calculated and are consistent with the reconstructed Holocene EAWM intensity. The simulations indicate that orbital forcing effects on the land-sea temperature and sea level pressure contrast can account for the observed EAWM trends. Other forcings that were present in the early Holocene, including the remnant Laurentide ice sheet and meltwater forcing in the North Atlantic, were not responsible for the Holocene trends. C1 [Li, Yu] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Ctr Hydrol Cycle & Water Resources Arid Reg, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Li, Yu; Morrill, Carrie] NOAA, Paleoclimatol Branch, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Li, Yu; Morrill, Carrie] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Ctr Hydrol Cycle & Water Resources Arid Reg, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM oscaryoulee@gmail.com OI Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41371009]; US National Science Foundation (P2C2 program); US Department of Energy; National Center for Atmospheric Research FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41371009). We thank the editor and reviewers for their constructive suggestions and comments. Special thanks are given to Dr. Zhuolun Li, Mr. Hua'an Zhang, Mr. Chengqi Zhang, Mr. Kun Li and Mr. Chen Zhao for their help during the field work. We acknowledge the modeling group of TraCE project, which received funding from the US National Science Foundation (P2C2 program), US Department of Energy (Abrupt Climate Change, EaSM, INCITE programs), and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 45 IS 5-6 BP 1219 EP 1234 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2372-5 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ3MZ UT WOS:000360507700006 ER PT J AU Bachman, MJ Foltz, KM Lynch, JM West, KL Jensen, BA AF Bachman, Melannie J. Foltz, Kerry M. Lynch, Jennifer M. West, Kristi L. Jensen, Brenda A. TI Using cytochrome P4501A1 expression in liver and blubber to understand effects of persistent organic pollutant exposure in stranded Pacific Island cetaceans SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hawaii; Cetaceans; Persistent organic pollutants; Biomarker; Cytochrome P450 ID BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; SEAL MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTORS; SOUTHEAST UNITED-STATES; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; BELUGA AB Elevated levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been reported in tropical Pacific Island cetaceans and their environment. In addition, recent health concerns in cetacean populations have warranted investigation into potential physiological effects from POP exposure for this region. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is a candidate for examining such effects. This well-studied biomarker of exposure and effect was examined in stranded cetacean liver using immunoblot (n = 39, 16 species) and blubber using immunohistochemistry (n = 23, 10 species). Paired tissue samples allowed for CYP1A1 comparisons not only between species but also within each individual animal to examine differences between tissue types. Liver CYP1A1 expression correlated positively and significantly with blubber concentrations of all POP categories (n = 39, p < 0.050) except octachlorostyrene and pentachlorobenzene (p > 0.100). Among Stenella species, liver CYP1A1 tissue expression was correlated negatively with the sum of all blubber layer endothelial cell CYP1A1 expression (n = 14, p = 0.049). Overall, elevated expression of liver CYP1A1 confirms its use as a biomarker of POP exposure to cetaceans stranded in the tropical Pacific basin. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1989-1995. (c) 2015 SETAC C1 [Bachman, Melannie J.; Foltz, Kerry M.; West, Kristi L.; Jensen, Brenda A.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Kaneohe, HI 96813 USA. [Bachman, Melannie J.; Lynch, Jennifer M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. RP Jensen, BA (reprint author), Hawaii Pacific Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Kaneohe, HI 96813 USA. EM bjensen@hpu.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration John H. Prescott Grant program FX J.M. Lynch was previously J.M. Keller. Funding for the present study was provided courtesy of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration John H. Prescott Grant program. Samples were collected and provided by The Hawaii Pacific University Stranding Program, for which we acknowledge the numerous volunteers for their assistance in tissue collection. We would like to thank C. Bryan (NIST) for cryogenic homogenization of liver tissue. We also thank A. Kurtz and S. Fertall White for laboratory assistance. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1989 EP 1995 DI 10.1002/etc.3018 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CQ3KJ UT WOS:000360500600012 PM 25892359 ER PT J AU Beven, JL Blake, ES AF Beven, John L., II Blake, Eric S. TI Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2010* SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID FORECASTS; CLIMATE; BASIN AB The 2010 Atlantic hurricane season was marked by above-average tropical cyclone activity with the formation of 19 tropical storms. A total of 12 of the storms became hurricanes and 5 became major hurricanes (category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale). In addition, there were two tropical depressions that did not reach storm strength. These totals were well above the long-term averages of 11 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes. The areas most affected by the 2010 storms were eastern Mexico, Central America, and the island nations of the western Caribbean Sea, where multiple strikes occurred. In addition, two hurricanes struck eastern Canada. Despite the high level of activity, no hurricanes made landfall in the United States in 2010. The death toll from the 2010 Atlantic tropical cyclones was 189. A verification of National Hurricane Center official forecasts during 2010 is also presented. The 2010 mean track errors were slightly larger than the previous 5-yr average at 12 and 24 h and much smaller at the other forecast times, even though the 2010 track forecasts were more difficult than normal. The 2010 mean intensity forecast errors were larger than the previous 5-yr average at 12-48 h, smaller at the longer forecast times, and had a high bias at all forecast times. As with the track forecasts, the 2010 intensity forecasts were more difficult than normal at all forecast times. C1 [Beven, John L., II; Blake, Eric S.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Beven, JL (reprint author), Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM john.l.beven@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 143 IS 9 BP 3329 EP 3353 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00264.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ0UU UT WOS:000360313800001 ER PT J AU Wilbanks, MC Yuter, SE de Szoeke, SP Brewer, WA Miller, MA Hall, AM Burleyson, CD AF Wilbanks, Matt C. Yuter, Sandra E. de Szoeke, Simon P. Brewer, W. Alan Miller, Matthew A. Hall, Andrew M. Burleyson, Casey D. TI Near-Surface Density Currents Observed in the Southeast Pacific Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layer* SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TROPICAL SQUALL-LINE; VOCALS-REX; THUNDERSTORM OUTFLOWS; COLD POOLS; DRIZZLING STRATOCUMULUS; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; CELLULAR STRUCTURES; CONVERGENCE LINES; GRAVITY CURRENTS AB Density currents (i.e., cold pools or outflows) beneath marine stratocumulus clouds are characterized using 30 days of ship-based observations obtained during the 2008 Variability of American Monsoon Systems (VAMOS) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) in the southeast Pacific. An air density increase criterion applied to the Improved Meteorological (IMET) sensor data identified 71 density current front, core (peak density), and tail (dissipating) zones. The similarity in speeds of the mean density current propagation speed (1.8 m s(-1)) and the mean cloud-level advection relative to the surface layer wind (1.9 m s(-1)) allowed drizzle cells to deposit elongated density currents in their wakes. Scanning Doppler lidar captured prefrontal updrafts with a mean intensity of 0.91 m s(-1) and an average vertical extent of 800 m. Updrafts were often surmounted by low-lying shelf clouds not connected to the overlying stratocumulus cloud. The observed density currents were 5-10 times thinner and weaker than typical continental thunderstorm cold pools. Nearly 90% of density currents were identified when C-band radar estimated areal average rain rates exceeded 1 mm day(-1) over a 30-km diameter. Rather than peaking when rain rates were highest overnight, density current occurrence peaks between 0600 and 0800 local solar time when enhanced local drizzle co-occurred with shallow subcloud dry and stable layers. The dry layers may have contributed to density current formation by enhancing subcloud evaporation of drizzle. Density currents preferentially occurred in a large region of predominantly open cells but also occurred in regions of closed cells. C1 [Wilbanks, Matt C.; Yuter, Sandra E.; Miller, Matthew A.; Hall, Andrew M.; Burleyson, Casey D.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [de Szoeke, Simon P.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brewer, W. Alan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Burleyson, Casey D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wilbanks, MC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mcwilban@ncsu.edu RI Burleyson, Casey/F-1833-2016; Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Burleyson, Casey/0000-0001-6218-9361; Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office (CPO) Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) [GC09-252b, GC09-507]; Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research) U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006701, DE-SC0006994]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX11AE98G]; Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX Special thanks to Graham Feingold, Jan Kazil, Takanobu Yamaguchi, David Kingsmill, Tammy Weckwerth, David Mechem, Matthew Parker, Walter Robinson, and Robert Wood for their advice and technical support. We also thank Paquita Zuidema for providing the cloud liquid water path product used in this study. Beth Tully drafted some of the figures. This research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office (CPO) Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) Grants GC09-252b and GC09-507, the Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research) U.S. Department of Energy Grants DE-SC0006701 and DE-SC0006994, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant NNX11AE98G. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 143 IS 9 BP 3532 EP 3555 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00359.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ0UU UT WOS:000360313800011 ER PT J AU Valenzuela, RA Kingsmill, DE AF Valenzuela, Raul A. Kingsmill, David E. TI Orographic Precipitation Forcing along the Coast of Northern California during a Landfalling Winter Storm SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE DOPPLER OBSERVATIONS; JUAN-DE-FUCA; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; BARRIER JETS; COLD-FRONT; GAP; MOUNTAINS; MESOSCALE; CALJET AB This study documents orographic precipitation forcing along the coastal mountains of Northern California during the landfall of a significant winter storm over the period 16-18 February 2004. The primary observing asset is a scanning X-band Doppler radar deployed on the coast at Fort Ross, California, which provides low-level (e.g., below 1 km MSL) horizontal and vertical scans of radial velocity and reflectivity to characterize airflow and precipitation structures. Further context is provided by a wind-profiling radar, a radio acoustic sounding system (RASS), balloon soundings, buoys, a GPS receiver, and surface meteorological sensors. The winter storm is divided into two episodes, each having pre-cold-frontal low-level jet (LLJ) structures and atmospheric river characteristics. Episode 1 has a corridor of terrain-trapped airflow (TTA) that forms an interface with the LLJ. The interface extends similar to 25 km offshore in a similar to 0.5-km vertical layer, and the western edge of this interface near the ocean surface advances toward the coast over the course of similar to 5 h. The TTA acts as a dynamically driven barrier, so that the incoming LLJ slopes upward offshore below 1.5 km MSL and precipitation is enhanced over the ocean and near the coast. The absence of a TTA in episode 2 allows the cross-barrier flow to slope upward and enhance precipitation directly over the coastal mountains. A theoretical analysis favors the hypothesis that a gap flow exiting the Petaluma Gap forces the TTA. C1 [Valenzuela, Raul A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Valenzuela, Raul A.] Univ Colorado, Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kingsmill, David E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kingsmill, David E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Valenzuela, RA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, ATOC, UCB 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM raul.valenzuela@colorado.edu FU Fulbright Program; CONICYT-Chile; NSF [AGS-1144271] FX The authors thank the NOAA/ESRL observing systems team for deploying and operating the instrumentation whose data were employed in this study. Gary Wick of ESRL generated the SSM/I IWV images. Timothy Coleman of ESRL processed the wind profiler and RASS data. We appreciate the comments and suggestions of Paul Neiman, Mimi Hughes, Matthias Steiner, and Katja Friedrich that have been provided during the course of this study. Similarly, comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript. RV is supported by the Fulbright Program and CONICYT-Chile. This research was sponsored by NSF under Grant AGS-1144271. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 143 IS 9 BP 3570 EP 3590 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00365.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ0UU UT WOS:000360313800013 ER PT J AU Sobash, RA Stensrud, DJ AF Sobash, Ryan A. Stensrud, David J. TI Assimilating Surface Mesonet Observations with the EnKF to Improve Ensemble Forecasts of Convection Initiation on 29 May 2012 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID KALMAN FILTER ASSIMILATION; SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS; WRF MODEL FORECASTS; PART I; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MOIST CONVECTION; CASA RADAR; SYSTEM; STORM; IMPACT AB Surface data assimilation (DA) has the potential to improve forecasts of convection initiation (CI) and short-term forecasts of convective evolution. Since the processes driving CI occur on scales inadequately observed by conventional observation networks, mesoscale surface networks could be especially beneficial given their higher temporal and spatial resolution. This work aims to assess the impact of high-frequency assimilation of mesonet surface DA on ensemble forecasts of CI initialized with ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) analyses of the 29 May 2012 convective event over the southern Great Plains. Mesonet and conventional surface observations were assimilated every 5 min for 3 h from 1800 to 2100 UTC and 3-h ensemble forecasts were produced. Forecasts of CI timing and location were improved by assimilating the surface datasets in comparison to experiments where mesonet data were withheld. This primarily occurred due to a more accurate representation of the boundary layer moisture profile across the domain, especially in the vicinity of a dryline and stationary boundary. Ensemble forecasts produced by assimilating surface observations at hourly intervals, instead of every 5 min, showed only minor improvements in CI. The 5-min assimilation of mesonet data improved forecasts of the placement and timing of CI for this particular event due to the ability of mesonet data to capture rapidly evolving mesoscale features and to constrain model biases, particularly surface moisture errors, during the cycling period. C1 [Sobash, Ryan A.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Sobash, Ryan A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Sobash, RA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, MMM, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM sobash@ucar.edu FU NOAA Warn-on-Forecast project; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX This work benefited from fruitful discussions with Louis Wicker, Glen Romine, David Dowell, Jeff Anderson, and Chris Snyder. Funding for this work was provided both by the NOAA Warn-on-Forecast project and NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 143 IS 9 BP 3700 EP 3725 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00126.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ0UU UT WOS:000360313800020 ER PT J AU Trier, SB Romine, GS Ahijevych, DA Trapp, RJ Schumacher, RS Coniglio, MC Stensrud, DJ AF Trier, Stanley B. Romine, Glen S. Ahijevych, David A. Trapp, Robert J. Schumacher, Russ S. Coniglio, Michael C. Stensrud, David J. TI Mesoscale Thermodynamic Influences on Convection Initiation near a Surface Dryline in a Convection-Permitting Ensemble SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; 12 JUNE 2002; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; PART I; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; WEATHER RESEARCH; KALMAN FILTER; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; FORECASTS AB In this study, the authors examine initiation of severe convection along a daytime surface dryline in a 10-member ensemble of convection-permitting simulations. Results indicate that the minimum buoyancy B-min of PBL air parcels must be small (B-min > -0.5 degrees C) for successful deep convection initiation (CI) to occur along the dryline. Comparing different ensemble members reveals that CAPE magnitudes (allowing for entrainment) and the width of the zone of negligible B-min extending eastward from the dryline act together to influence CI. Since PBL updrafts that initiate along the dryline move rapidly northeast in the vertically sheared flow as they grow into the free troposphere, a wider zone of negligible B-min helps ensure adequate time for incipient storms to mature, which, itself, is hastened by larger CAPE. Local B-min budget calculations and trajectory analysis are used to quantify physical processes responsible for the reduction of negative buoyancy prior to CI. Here, the grid-resolved forcing and forcing from temperature and moisture tendencies in the PBL scheme (arising from surface fluxes) contribute about equally in ensemble composites. However, greater spatial variability in grid-resolved forcing focuses the location of the greatest net forcing along the dryline. The grid-resolved forcing is influenced by a thermally direct vertical circulation, where time-averaged ascent at the east edge of the dryline results in locally deeper moisture and cooler conditions near the PBL top. Horizontal temperature advection spreads the cooler air eastward above higher equivalent potential temperature air at source levels of convecting air parcels, resulting in a wider zone of negligible B-min that facilitates sustained CI. C1 [Trier, Stanley B.; Romine, Glen S.; Ahijevych, David A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trapp, Robert J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Schumacher, Russ S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Coniglio, Michael C.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Stensrud, David J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Trier, SB (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM trier@ucar.edu RI Schumacher, Russ/A-9979-2009 OI Schumacher, Russ/0000-0002-4404-3104 FU National Science Foundation FX The authors acknowledge Chris Davis (NCAR) for developing earlier versions of the Bmin diagnostic code used in this study and Morris Weisman (NCAR) for alerting us to the strong thermodynamic destabilization in the 19 May MPEX case. Chris Davis and Kristen Rasmussen (NCAR) are acknowledged for helpful internal reviews of this manuscript, which benefited further from the comments of four anonymous reviewers. We extend thanks to all participants for their hard work during MPEX and to the National Science Foundation for supporting this successful field experiment. The current research was performed as part of NCAR's Short Term Explicit Prediction (STEP) program, which is supported by National Science Foundation funds for the U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP). We acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 86 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 143 IS 9 BP 3726 EP 3753 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0133.1 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ0UU UT WOS:000360313800021 ER PT J AU Zhu, YQ Derber, JC Purser, RJ Ballish, BA Whiting, J AF Zhu, Yanqiu Derber, John C. Purser, R. James Ballish, Bradley A. Whiting, Jeffrey TI Variational Correction of Aircraft Temperature Bias in the NCEP's GSI Analysis System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; RADIOSONDE; IMPACT AB Various studies have noted that aircraft temperature data have a generally warm bias relative to radiosonde data around 200 hPa. In this study, variational aircraft temperature bias correction is incorporated in the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation analysis system at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Several bias models, some of which include information about aircraft ascent/descent rate, are investigated. The results show that the aircraft temperature bias correction cools down the atmosphere analysis around 200 hPa, and improves the analysis and forecast fits to the radiosonde data. Overall, the quadratic aircraft ascent/descent rate bias model performs better than other bias models tested here, followed closely by the aircraft ascent/descent rate bias model. Two other issues, undocumented in previous studies, are also discussed in this paper. One is the bias correction of aircraft report (AIREP) data. Unlike Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) data, where unique corrections are applied for each aircraft, bias correction is applied indiscriminately (without regard to tail numbers) to all AIREP data. The second issue is the problem of too many aircraft not reporting time in seconds, or too infrequently, to be able to determine accurate vertical displacement rates. In addition to the finite-difference method employed to estimate aircraft ascent/descent rate, a tensioned-splines method is tested to obtain more continuously smooth aircraft ascent/descent rates and mitigate the missing time information. C1 [Zhu, Yanqiu; Purser, R. James; Whiting, Jeffrey] IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Derber, John C.; Ballish, Bradley A.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zhu, YQ (reprint author), IM Syst Grp, NCEP EMC, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM yanqiu.zhu@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 143 IS 9 BP 3774 EP 3803 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00235.1 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ0UU UT WOS:000360313800023 ER PT J AU Lu, FY Liu, ZY Zhang, SQ Liu, Y AF Lu, Feiyu Liu, Zhengyu Zhang, Shaoqing Liu, Yun TI Strongly Coupled Data Assimilation Using Leading Averaged Coupled Covariance (LACC). Part I: Simple Model Study* SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; CLIMATE MODEL; INFLATION; SYSTEM AB This paper studies a new leading averaged coupled covariance (LACC) method for the strongly coupled data assimilation (SCDA). The SCDA not only uses the coupled model to generate the forecast and assimilate observations into multiple model components like the weakly coupled version (WCDA), but also applies a cross update using the coupled covariance between variables from different model components. The cross update could potentially improve the balance and quality of the analysis, but its implementation has remained a great challenge in practice because of different time scales between model components. In a typical extratropical coupled system, the ocean-atmosphere correlation shows a strong asymmetry with the maximum correlation occurring when the atmosphere leads the ocean by about the decorrelation time of the atmosphere. The LACC method utilizes such asymmetric structure by using the leading forecasts and observations of the fast atmospheric variable for cross update, therefore, increasing the coupled correlation and enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio in calculating the coupled covariance. Here it is applied to a simple coupled model with the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). With the LACC method, the SCDA reduces the analysis error of the oceanic variable by over 20% compared to the WCDA and 10% compared to the SCDA using simultaneous coupled covariance. The advantage of the LACC method is more notable when the system contains larger errors, such as in the cases with smaller ensemble size, bigger time-scale difference, or model biases. C1 [Lu, Feiyu; Liu, Zhengyu; Liu, Yun] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lu, Feiyu; Liu, Zhengyu; Liu, Yun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Lab Climate Ocean & Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Shaoqing] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Lu, FY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM flu7@wisc.edu OI Lu, Feiyu/0000-0001-6532-0740 FU NSF [AGS-0968383]; Chinese Grant [MOST 2012CB955200] FX This research is sponsored by NSF Grant AGS-0968383 and Chinese Grant MOST 2012CB955200. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 143 IS 9 BP 3823 EP 3837 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00322.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ0UU UT WOS:000360313800025 ER PT J AU McPhaden, MJ AF McPhaden, M. J. TI COMMENTARY: Playing hide and seek with El Nino SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material ID WESTERLY WIND EVENTS; WARMING HIATUS; MODEL; CIRCULATION; PACIFIC; ENSO; VARIABILITY; BURSTS C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McPhaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 8 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 5 IS 9 BP 791 EP 795 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ1DV UT WOS:000360338400004 ER PT J AU Cai, WJ Santoso, A Wang, GJ Yeh, SW An, SI Cobb, KM Collins, M Guilyardi, E Jin, FF Kug, JS Lengaigne, M McPhaden, MJ Takahashi, K Timmermann, A Vecchi, G Watanabe, M Wu, LX AF Cai, Wenju Santoso, Agus Wang, Guojian Yeh, Sang-Wook An, Soon-Il Cobb, Kim M. Collins, Mat Guilyardi, Eric Jin, Fei-Fei Kug, Jong-Seong Lengaigne, Matthieu McPhaden, Michael J. Takahashi, Ken Timmermann, Axel Vecchi, Gabriel Watanabe, Masahiro Wu, Lixin TI ENSO and greenhouse warming SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INDIAN-OCEAN DIPOLE; EL-NINO; LA-NINA; WALKER CIRCULATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; NORTH PACIFIC; INDO-PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE AB The El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant climate phenomenon affecting extreme weather conditions worldwide. Its response to greenhouse warming has challenged scientists for decades, despite model agreement on projected changes in mean state. Recent studies have provided new insights into the elusive links between changes in ENSO and in the mean state of the Pacific climate. The projected slow-down in Walker circulation is expected to weaken equatorial Pacific Ocean currents, boosting the occurrences of eastward-propagating warm surface anomalies that characterize observed extreme El Nino events. Accelerated equatorial Pacific warming, particularly in the east, is expected to induce extreme rainfall in the eastern equatorial Pacific and extreme equatorward swings of the Pacific convergence zones, both of which are features of extreme El Nino. The frequency of extreme La Nina is also expected to increase in response to more extreme El Ninos, an accelerated maritime continent warming and surface-intensified ocean warming. ENSO-related catastrophic weather events are thus likely to occur more frequently with unabated greenhouse-gas emissions. But model biases and recent observed strengthening of the Walker circulation highlight the need for further testing as new models, observations and insights become available. C1 [Cai, Wenju; Wang, Guojian] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Cai, Wenju; Wu, Lixin] Ocean Univ China, Qingdao Collaborat Innovat Ctr Marine Sci & Techn, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. [Santoso, Agus] Univ New S Wales, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Santoso, Agus] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Yeh, Sang-Wook] Hanyang Univ, Dept Environm Marine Sci, Ansan 426791, South Korea. [An, Soon-Il] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Cobb, Kim M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Collins, Mat] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Guilyardi, Eric; Lengaigne, Matthieu] IRD UPMC CNRS MNHN, Lab Oceanog & Climat Experimentat & Approches Num, Paris 05, France. [Guilyardi, Eric] Univ Reading, NCAS Climate, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Jin, Fei-Fei] Univ Hawaii, SOEST, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kug, Jong-Seong] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Takahashi, Ken] Inst Geofis Peru, Lima 169, Peru. [Timmermann, Axel] Univ Hawaii, SOEST, Dept Oceanog, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Watanabe, Masahiro] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564, Japan. RP Cai, WJ (reprint author), CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. EM wenju.cai@csiro.au RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Collins, Matthew/F-8473-2011; Timmermann, Axel /F-4977-2011; Takahashi, Ken/G-5321-2010; Guilyardi, Eric/D-4868-2011; Cai, Wenju/C-2864-2012; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Santoso, Agus/0000-0001-7749-8124; Collins, Matthew/0000-0003-3785-6008; Timmermann, Axel /0000-0003-0657-2969; Takahashi, Ken/0000-0003-3670-2939; Guilyardi, Eric/0000-0002-2255-8625; FU Australian Climate Change Science Program; CSIRO Office of Chief Executive Science Leader award; Australian Research Council; NERC [NE/I022841/1]; National Research Fund of Korea - Korean Government (MEST) [NRF-2009-C1AAA001-2009-0093042]; Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning [2014R1A2A1A11049497] FX W.C. and G.W. are supported by the Australian Climate Change Science Program and a CSIRO Office of Chief Executive Science Leader award. A.S. is supported by the Australian Research Council. M.C. was supported by NERC NE/I022841/1. S.W.Y. is supported by the National Research Fund of Korea grant funded by the Korean Government (MEST) (NRF-2009-C1AAA001-2009-0093042). S.I.A. was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (No. 2014R1A2A1A11049497). This is PMEL contribution number 4038. NR 100 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 27 U2 122 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 5 IS 9 BP 849 EP 859 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2743 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ1DV UT WOS:000360338400019 ER PT J AU Wang, M Yi, M Cao, HB de la Cruz, C Mo, SK Huang, QZ Bourret-Courchesne, E Dai, PC Lee, DH Shen, ZX Birgeneau, RJ AF Wang, Meng Yi, Ming Cao, Huibo de la Cruz, C. Mo, S. K. Huang, Q. Z. Bourret-Courchesne, E. Dai, Pengcheng Lee, D. H. Shen, Z. X. Birgeneau, R. J. TI Mott localization in a pure stripe antiferromagnet Rb1-delta Fe1.5-sigma S2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; IRON SELENIDE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; A(X)FE(2)SE(2); FESE AB A combination of neutron diffraction and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements on a pure antiferromagnetic stripe Rb1-delta Fe1.5-sigma S2 is reported. A neutron diffraction experiment on a powder sample shows that a 98% volume fraction of the sample is in the antiferromagnetic stripe phase with rhombic iron vacancy order and a refined composition of Rb0.66Fe1.36S2, and that only 2% of the sample is in the block antiferromagnetic phase with root 5 x root 5 iron vacancy order. Furthermore, a neutron diffraction experiment on a single crystal shows that there is only a single phase with the stripe antiferromagnetic order with the refined composition of Rb0.78Fe1.35S2, while the phase with block antiferromagnetic order is absent. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements on the same crystal with the pure stripe phase reveal that the electronic structure is gapped at the Fermi level with a gap larger than 0.325 eV. The data collectively demonstrate that the extra 10% iron vacancies in addition to the rhombic iron vacancy order effectively impede the formation of the block antiferromagnetic phase; the data also suggest that the stripe antiferromagnetic phase with rhombic iron vacancy order is a Mott insulator. C1 [Wang, Meng; Yi, Ming; Lee, D. H.; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cao, Huibo; de la Cruz, C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mo, S. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huang, Q. Z.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bourret-Courchesne, E.; Lee, D. H.; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dai, Pengcheng] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Shen, Z. X.] Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Shen, Z. X.] Stanford Univ, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Shen, Z. X.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Shen, Z. X.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wangm@berkeley.edu RI Mo, Sung-Kwan/F-3489-2013; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Cao, Huibo/A-6835-2016; WANG, MENG/E-6595-2012; dela Cruz, Clarina/C-2747-2013 OI Mo, Sung-Kwan/0000-0003-0711-8514; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Cao, Huibo/0000-0002-5970-4980; WANG, MENG/0000-0002-8232-2331; dela Cruz, Clarina/0000-0003-4233-2145 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC03-76SF008]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. DOE, BES [DE-SC0012311]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX This work is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contracts No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and No. DE-AC03-76SF008. The research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High-Flux Isotope Reactor and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source are sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Work at Rice is supported by the U.S. DOE, BES under Contract No. DE-SC0012311 (P.D.). Work at Stanford is supported by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 12 AR 121101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.121101 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CQ1BF UT WOS:000360331600001 ER PT J AU Giorgetta, FR Rieker, GB Baumann, E Swann, WC Sinclair, LC Kofler, J Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Rieker, Gregory B. Baumann, Esther Swann, William C. Sinclair, Laura C. Kofler, Jon Coddington, Ian Newbury, Nathan R. TI Broadband Phase Spectroscopy over Turbulent Air Paths SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MUTUAL-COHERENCE FUNCTION; WEAK OPTICAL TURBULENCE; FREQUENCY-COMB; ANALYTIC SOLUTION; RANDOM MEDIA; PULSE; FLUCTUATIONS; PROPAGATION AB Broadband atmospheric phase spectra are acquired with a phase-sensitive dual-frequency-comb spectrometer by implementing adaptive compensation for the strong decoherence from atmospheric turbulence. The compensation is possible due to the pistonlike behavior of turbulence across a single spatial-mode path combined with the intrinsic frequency stability and high sampling speed associated with dual-comb spectroscopy. The atmospheric phase spectrum is measured across 2 km of air at each of the 70 000 comb teeth spanning 233 cm(-1) across hundreds of near-infrared rovibrational resonances of CO2, CH4, and H2O with submilliradian uncertainty, corresponding to a 10(-13) refractive index sensitivity. Trace gas concentrations extracted directly from the phase spectrum reach 0.7 ppm uncertainty, demonstrated here for CO2. While conventional broadband spectroscopy only measures intensity absorption, this approach enables measurement of the full complex susceptibility even in practical open path sensing. C1 [Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Rieker, Gregory B.; Baumann, Esther; Swann, William C.; Sinclair, Laura C.; Kofler, Jon; Coddington, Ian; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Giorgetta, FR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fabrizio.giorgetta@nist.gov; baumann@nist.gov RI Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015; Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014 OI Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090; Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912 FU NIST; DARPA SCOUT program FX We acknowledge funding from NIST and the DARPA SCOUT program, and helpful comments from G. Ycas, A. Klose, G. W. Truong, and M. Dowell. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 10 AR 103901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.103901 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CQ1CW UT WOS:000360335900006 PM 26382677 ER PT J AU Shin, JW Stafford, GR Hebert, KR AF Shin, Jae Wook Stafford, Gery R. Hebert, Kurt R. TI Stress in aluminum induced by hydrogen absorption during cathodic polarization SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aluminium; Hydrogen absorption; Hydrogen embrittlement; Stress corrosion ID IN-SITU STRESS; (111)-TEXTURED AU; METALS; FILMS; SOLUBILITY; DEUTERIUM; BEHAVIOR; LAYERS; OXIDE AB Hydrogen concentrations in metals during aqueous corrosion are influenced by absorption kinetics. In situ measurement of hydrogen-induced stress was used to characterize hydrogen absorption into aluminum thin films during cathodic polarization in sulfuric acid, in the presence of competing gas evolution. Absorption-induced compressive stress increased with decreasing potential, reaching levels indicating average H concentrations of 0.3 at.%. Dependences of stress on potential and scan rate suggested that rates of hydrogen desorption but not absorption were kinetically limited. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shin, Jae Wook; Stafford, Gery R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hebert, Kurt R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hebert, KR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM krhebert@iastate.edu NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X EI 1879-0496 J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 98 BP 366 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.05.015 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CO9OH UT WOS:000359504600037 ER PT J AU Coskun, E Jaruga, P Jemth, AS Loseva, O Scanlan, LD Tona, A Lowenthal, MS Helleday, T Dizdaroglu, M AF Coskun, Erdem Jaruga, Pawel Jemth, Ann-Sofie Loseva, Olga Scanlan, Leona D. Tona, Alessandro Lowenthal, Mark S. Helleday, Thomas Dizdaroglu, Miral TI Addiction to MTH1 protein results in intense expression in human breast cancer tissue as measured by liquid chromatography-isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE MTH1 protein; Isotope-dilution mass spectrometry; Stable isotope-labeled MTH1; Extreme expression; Nucleotide pool ID HUMAN MUTT HOMOLOG; DNA-REPAIR PROTEINS; MUTAGENIC SUBSTRATE; ENCODING 8-OXO-DGTPASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MESSENGER-RNA; HMTH1; IDENTIFICATION; HYDROLYZES; DAMAGE AB MTH1 protein sanitizes the nucleotide pool so that oxidized 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) cannot be used in DNA replication. Cancer cells require MTH1 to avoid incorporation of oxidized dNTPs into DNA that results in mutations and cell death. Inhibition of MTH1 eradicates cancer, validating MTH1 as an anticancer target. By overexpressing MTH1, cancer cells may mediate cancer growth and resist therapy. To date, there is unreliable evidence suggesting that MTH1 is increased in cancer cells, and available methods to measure MTH1 levels are indirect and semi-quantitative. Accurate measurement of MTH1 in disease-free tissues and malignant tumors of patients may be essential for determining if the protein is truly upregulated in cancers, and for the development and use of MTH1 inhibitors in cancer therapy. Here, we present a novel approach involving liquid chromatography isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry to positively identify and accurately quantify MTH1 in human tissues. We produced full length N-15-labeled MTH1 and used it as an internal standard for the measurements. Following trypsin digestion, seven tryptic peptides of both MTH1 and N-15-MTH1 were identified by their full scan and product ion spectra. These peptides provided a statistically significant protein score that would unequivocally identify MTH1. Next, we identified and quantified MTH1 in human disease-free breast tissues and malignant breast tumors, and in four human cultured cell lines, three of which were cancer cells. Extreme expression of MTH1 in malignant breast tumors was observed, suggesting that cancer cells are addicted to MTH1 for their survival. The approach described is expected to be applicable to the measurement of MTH1 levels in malignant tumors vs. surrounding disease-free tissues in cancer patients. This attribute may help develop novel treatment strategies and MTH1 inhibitors as potential drugs, and guide therapies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Coskun, Erdem; Jaruga, Pawel; Scanlan, Leona D.; Lowenthal, Mark S.; Dizdaroglu, Miral] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coskun, Erdem] Gazi Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Toxicol, Ankara, Turkey. [Jemth, Ann-Sofie; Loseva, Olga; Helleday, Thomas] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Biochem & Biophys, Div Translat Med & Chem Biol, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden. [Tona, Alessandro] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015; OI Helleday, Thomas/0000-0002-7384-092X FU Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Cancer Society; Swedish Pain Relief Foundation; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Goran Gustafsson Foundation; Torsten and Ragnar Soderberg Foundation FX This work was supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (T.H.), Swedish Research Council (T.H.), Swedish Cancer Society (T.H.), the Swedish Pain Relief Foundation (T.H.), the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (T.H.), the Goran Gustafsson Foundation and the Torsten and Ragnar Soderberg Foundation (T.H.). NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 EI 1568-7856 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD SEP PY 2015 VL 33 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.05.008 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA CP4XE UT WOS:000359885100010 PM 26202347 ER PT J AU Putman, NF AF Putman, Nathan F. TI Inherited Magnetic Maps in Salmon and the Role of Geomagnetic Change SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON; NAVIGATION BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL NAVIGATION; SECULAR VARIATION; OCEAN NAVIGATION; CHINOOK SALMON; DISTANCE; MIGRATION; HYPOTHESIS AB Migration in animals has evolved as an adaptation to environmental variability across space and through time. The availability of reliable sensory cues and guidance mechanisms used in navigating among disparate locations is an essential component of this behavior. An "inherited magnetic map" is navigational solution that has evolved in some marine animals that, without prior experience or guidance from older conspecifics, migrate to oceanic foraging grounds. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that navigationally naive salmon encountering magnetic fields characteristic of certain regions along their migratory route will bias their swimming in a particular direction. Simulations of this behavior within realistic models of oceanic circulation suggest that such behavior is highly adaptive, making the migratory route more predictable and facilitating movement into favorable oceanic regions. Such behavior is possible due to the spatial gradients of components of the geomagnetic field (e.g., the inclination angle of field lines and the total field intensity) that provide a bicoordinate grid across much of the Earth's surface. However, this environmental feature is not static, but experiences gradual and unpredictable changes that can be substantial over successive generations. Thus, drift of the geomagnetic field, in addition to variable oceanic conditions, could play a major role in shaping the distribution of marine taxa that are dependent upon such mechanisms for migratory guidance. Several possibilities are discussed for how animals might mitigate the effects of geomagnetic drift, such as calibrating their inherited magnetic map relative to the field in which they develop. Further exploration of the dynamics of the geomagnetic field in context of animal navigation is a promising avenue for understanding the how animals deal with an ever-changing environment. C1 Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Putman, NF (reprint author), Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM nathan.putman@gmail.com FU Oregon Sea Grant; National Research Council Research Associateship Award FX This work was supported by Oregon Sea Grant and the National Research Council Research Associateship Award. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 41 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 55 IS 3 BP 396 EP 405 DI 10.1093/icb/icv020 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CP6OD UT WOS:000360006000005 PM 25888216 ER PT J AU Perrin, A Kwabia-Tchana, F Flaud, JM Manceron, L Demaison, J Vogt, N Groner, P Lafferty, WJ AF Perrin, A. Kwabia-Tchana, F. Flaud, J. M. Manceron, L. Demaison, J. Vogt, N. Groner, P. Lafferty, W. J. TI First high resolution analysis of the nu(21) band of propane CH3CH2CH3 at 921.382 cm(-1): Evidence of large amplitude tunneling effects SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Propane; CH3CH2CH3; Two equivalent methyl rotors; Vibration-rotation resonances; Infrared; SOLEIL synchrotron; Large amplitude tunnelings ID CENTRIFUGAL-DISTORTION ANALYSIS; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; INTERNAL-ROTATION; TORSIONAL SPECTRA; MU-M; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; NU(9) BAND; GAS-PHASE; MOLECULES; DIMETHYLALLENE AB A high resolution (0.0015 cm(-1)) IR spectrum of propane, C3H8, has been recorded with synchrotron radiation at the French light source facility at SOLEIL coupled to a Bruker IFS-125 Fourier transform spectrometer. A preliminary analysis of the nu(21) fundamental band (B-1, CH3 rock) at 921.382 cm(-1) reveals that the rotational energy levels of 21(1) are split by interactions with the internal rotations of the methyl groups. The AA, EE and AE + EA components of this A-type band have their band centers at 921.3724(38), 921.3821(33) and 921.3913(44) cm(-1), respectively. These torsional splittings most probably are due to anharmonic and/or Coriolis resonance couplings with nearby highly excited states of both internal rotations of the methyl groups. In addition, several vibrational-rotational resonances were observed that affect the torsional components in different ways. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Perrin, A.; Kwabia-Tchana, F.; Flaud, J. M.] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris Est Creteil, IPSL, LISA,UMR7583,CNRS, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Manceron, L.] Synchrotron SOLEIL, Beamline AILES, F-91192 St Aubin, France. [Manceron, L.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, MONARIS, UMR 8233, F-75252 Paris, France. [Demaison, J.; Vogt, N.] Univ Ulm, Sect Chem Informat Syst, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Groner, P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64113 USA. [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Perrin, A (reprint author), Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris Est Creteil, IPSL, LISA,UMR7583,CNRS, 61 Av Gen Gaulle, F-94010 Creteil, France. EM Agnes.Perrin@lisa.u-pec.fr FU French national programme LEFE/INSU (Institut National des Sciences de l' Univers) of the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) FX Agnes Perrin, F. Kwabia-Tchana and J.M. Flaud gratefully acknowledge financial support from the French national programme LEFE/INSU (Institut National des Sciences de l' Univers) of the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique). Part of this work was performed within the Groupement de Recherche International" (GDRI) "HiResMIR" of the CNRS. The authors are very grateful to the reviewer for his (or her) nice suggestions to improve the manuscript. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 315 SI SI BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2015.02.010 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA CP6WG UT WOS:000360028300010 ER PT J AU Ravel, B AF Ravel, B. TI Muffin-tin potentials in EXAFS analysis SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE EXAFS; real-space multiple scattering; data analysis; muffin-tin potential ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; FINE-STRUCTURE; IFEFFIT AB Muffin-tin potentials are the standard tool for calculating the potential surface of a cluster of atoms for use in the analysis of extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) data. The set of Cartesian coordinates used to define the positions of atoms in the cluster and to calculate the muffin-tin potentials is commonly also used to enumerate the scattering paths used in the EXAFS data analysis. In this paper, it is shown that these muffin-tin potentials are sufficiently robust to be used to examine quantitatively contributions to the EXAFS data from scattering geometries not represented in the original cluster. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bravel@bnl.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The author thanks J. Woicik of NIST for discussion of a very similar sample and M. Stennett and N. Hyatt of the University of Sheffield for providing the LaNiO3 and NiO samples. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5775 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 22 BP 1258 EP 1262 DI 10.1107/S1600577515013521 PN 5 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA CP8KK UT WOS:000360142400015 PM 26289277 ER PT J AU Morrison, CL Springmann, MJ Shroades, KM Stone, RP AF Morrison, C. L. Springmann, M. J. Shroades, K. M. Stone, R. P. TI Development of twelve microsatellite loci in the red tree corals Primnoa resedaeformis and Primnoa pacifica SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Primnoa; Cold-water coral; Mid-Atlantic Canyons; Gulf of Alaska; Microsatellites ID PRIMERS AB A suite of tetra-, penta-, and hexa-nucleotide microsatellite loci were developed from Roche 454 pyrosequencing data for the cold-water octocorals Primnoa resedaeformis and P. pacifica. Twelve of 98 primer sets tested consistently amplified in 30 P. resedaeformis samples from Baltimore Canyon (western North Atlantic Ocean) and in 24 P. pacifica samples (Shutter Ridge, eastern Gulf of Alaska). The loci displayed moderate levels of allelic diversity (average 7.5 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (average 47 %). Levels of genetic diversity were sufficient to produce unique multi-locus genotypes and to distinguish species. These common species are long-lived (hundreds of years) and provide essential fish habitat (P. pacifica), yet populations are provided little protection from human activities. These loci will be used to determine regional patterns of population connectivity to inform effective marine spatial planning and ecosystem-based fisheries management. C1 [Morrison, C. L.; Springmann, M. J.; Shroades, K. M.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Stone, R. P.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. RP Morrison, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cmorrison@usgs.gov FU USGS Ecosystems Mission Area, Outer Continental Shelf Program; NOAA's Deep-sea Coral Research and Technology Program; BOEM FX Funding was provided by the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area, Outer Continental Shelf Program, NOAA's Deep-sea Coral Research and Technology Program, and was sponsored by BOEM. Special thanks to M. Andersen, A. Demopoulos, C. Kellogg and D.K. Coykendall (USGS), and G. Boland (BOEM). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 7 IS 3 BP 763 EP 765 DI 10.1007/s12686-015-0455-1 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CO9UM UT WOS:000359521500038 ER PT J AU Rappaport, SM Teijido, O Hoogerheide, DP Rostovtseva, TK Berezhkovskii, AM Bezrukov, SM AF Rappaport, Shay M. Teijido, Oscar Hoogerheide, David P. Rostovtseva, Tatiana K. Berezhkovskii, Alexander M. Bezrukov, Sergey M. TI Conductance hysteresis in the voltage-dependent anion channel SO EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL WITH BIOPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Channel reconstitution; Lipid bilayers; Beta-barrel pores; Voltage gating ID MITOCHONDRIAL OUTER-MEMBRANE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LIPID-BILAYERS; SELECTIVE CHANNEL; CATION CHANNEL; OMPF PORIN; VDAC; RESIDUES; PROTEIN; SENSOR AB Hysteresis in the conductance of voltage-sensitive ion channels is observed when the transmembrane voltage is periodically varied with time. Although this phenomenon has been used in studies of gating of the voltage-dependent anion channel, VDAC, from the outer mitochondrial membrane for nearly four decades, full hysteresis curves have never been reported, because the focus was solely on the channel opening branches of the hysteresis loops. We studied the hysteretic response of a multichannel VDAC system to a triangular voltage ramp the frequency of which was varied over three orders of magnitude, from 0.5 mHz to 0.2 Hz. We found that in this wide frequency range the area encircled by the hysteresis curves changes by less than a factor of three, suggesting broad distribution of the characteristic times and strongly non-equilibrium behavior. At the same time, quasi-equilibrium two-state behavior is observed for hysteresis branches corresponding to VDAC opening. This enables calculation of the usual equilibrium gating parameters, gating charge and voltage of equipartitioning, which were found to be almost insensitive to the ramp frequency. To rationalize this peculiarity, we hypothesize that during voltage-induced closure and opening the system explores different regions of the complex free energy landscape, and, in the opening branch, follows quasi-equilibrium paths. C1 [Rappaport, Shay M.; Teijido, Oscar; Hoogerheide, David P.; Rostovtseva, Tatiana K.; Berezhkovskii, Alexander M.; Bezrukov, Sergey M.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Program Phys Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hoogerheide, David P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Berezhkovskii, Alexander M.] NIH, Math & Stat Comp Lab, Div Computat Biosci, Ctr Informat Technol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Bezrukov, SM (reprint author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Program Phys Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM bezrukos@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health; Human Development and Center for Information Technology; National Research Council FX The study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, and the Human Development and Center for Information Technology. D.P.H. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the NIH. Commercial materials, equipment, and instruments are identified in this work to describe the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials, equipment, or instrument identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7571 EI 1432-1017 J9 EUR BIOPHYS J BIOPHY JI Eur. Biophys. J. Biophys. Lett. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 44 IS 6 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.1007/s00249-015-1049-2 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA CO7ZI UT WOS:000359382700007 PM 26094068 ER PT J AU Anderson, EC Barry, PD AF Anderson, Eric C. Barry, Patrick D. TI Interpreting the flock algorithm from a statistical perspective SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE simulated annealing; software; unsupervised clustering ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DATA; INFERENCE; NUMBER; MODEL; PROGRAM; HYBRIDS; SAMPLES AB We show that the algorithm in the program flock (Duchesne & Turgeon 2009) can be interpreted as an estimation procedure based on a model essentially identical to the structure (Pritchard etal. 2000) model with no admixture and without correlated allele frequency priors. Rather than using MCMC, the flock algorithm searches for the maximum a posteriori estimate of this structure model via a simulated annealing algorithm with a rapid cooling schedule (namely, the exponent on the objective function ). We demonstrate the similarities between the two programs in a two-step approach. First, to enable rapid batch processing of many simulated data sets, we modified the source code of structure to use the flock algorithm, producing the program flockture. With simulated data, we confirmed that results obtained with flock and flockture are very similar (though flockture is some 200 times faster). Second, we simulated multiple large data sets under varying levels of population differentiation for both microsatellite and SNP genotypes. We analysed them with flockture and structure and assessed each program on its ability to cluster individuals to their correct subpopulation. We show that flockture yields results similar to structure albeit with greater variability from run to run. flockture did perform better than structure when genotypes were composed of SNPs and differentiation was moderate (FST = 0.022-0.032). When differentiation was low, structure outperformed flockture for both marker types. On large data sets like those we simulated, it appears that flock's reliance on inference rules regarding its plateau record' is not helpful. Interpreting flock's algorithm as a special case of the model in structure should aid in understanding the program's output and behaviour. C1 [Anderson, Eric C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Barry, Patrick D.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Anderson, EC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM eric.anderson@noaa.gov OI Anderson, Eric/0000-0003-1326-0840 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1020 EP 1030 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12417 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CP1JH UT WOS:000359631600002 PM 25913195 ER PT J AU Shinotsuka, H Tanuma, S Powell, CJ Penn, DR AF Shinotsuka, H. Tanuma, S. Powell, C. J. Penn, D. R. TI Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths. X. Data for 41 elemental solids over the 50eV to 200keV range with the relativistic full Penn algorithm SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE electron inelastic mean free path; elemental solids; relativistic full Penn algorithm; IMFP; relativistic TPP-2M ID OPTICAL-DATA; ENERGIES; SPECTROSCOPY; HOLOGRAPHY; MATTER; IMFPS; MODEL AB We have calculated inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) for 41 elemental solids (Li, Be, graphite, diamond, glassy C, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, Y, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Cs, Gd, Tb, Dy, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, and Bi) for electron energies from 50eV to 200keV. The IMFPs were calculated from measured energy loss functions for each solid with a relativistic version of the full Penn algorithm. The calculated IMFPs could be fitted to a modified form of the relativistic Bethe equation for inelastic scattering of electrons in matter for energies from 50eV to 200keV. The average root-mean-square (RMS) deviation in these fits was 0.68%. The IMFPs were also compared with IMFPs from a relativistic version of our predictive Tanuma, and Powell and Penn (TPP-2M) equation that was developed from a modified form of the relativistic Bethe equation. In these comparisons, the average RMS deviation was 11.9% for energies between 50eV and 200keV. This RMS deviation is almost the same as that found previously in a similar comparison for the 50eV to 30keV range (12.3%). Relatively large RMS deviations were found for diamond, graphite, and cesium as in our previous comparisons. If these three elements were excluded in the comparisons, the average RMS deviation was 8.9% between 50eV and 200keV. The relativistic TPP-2M equation can thus be used to estimate IMFPs in solid materials for energies between 50eV and 200keV. We found satisfactory agreement between our calculated IMFPs and those from recent calculations and from measurements at energies of 100 and 200keV. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Shinotsuka, H.; Tanuma, S.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. [Powell, C. J.; Penn, D. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tanuma, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. EM tanuma.shigeo@nims.go.jp NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 12 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 47 IS 9 BP 871 EP 888 DI 10.1002/sia.5789 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CP1HG UT WOS:000359626300003 ER PT J AU Overland, JE Wang, MY AF Overland, James E. Wang, Muyin TI Increased Variability in the Early Winter Subarctic North American Atmospheric Circulation* SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; MIDLATITUDE WEATHER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; JET-STREAM; IMPACT; AMPLIFICATION; ATTRIBUTION; OSCILLATION AB The last decade shows increased variability in the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index for December. Over eastern North America such increased variability depended on amplification of the climatological longwave atmospheric circulation pattern. Recent negative magnitudes of the AO have increased geopotential thickness west of Greenland and cold weather in the central and eastern United States. Although the increased variance in the AO is statistically significant based on 9-yr running standard deviations from 1950 to 2014, one cannot necessarily robustly attribute the increase to steady changes in external sources (sea temperatures, sea ice) rather than a chaotic view of internal atmospheric variability; this is due to a relatively short record and a review of associated atmospheric dynamics. Although chaotic internal variability dominates the dynamics of atmospheric circulation, Arctic thermodynamic influence can reinforce the regional geopotential height pattern. Such reinforcement suggests a conditional or state dependence on whether an Arctic influence will impact subarctic severe weather, based on different circulation regimes. A key conclusion is the importance of recent variability over potential trends in Arctic and subarctic atmospheric circulation. Continued thermodynamic Arctic changes are suggested as a Bayesian prior leading to a probabilistic approach for potential subarctic weather linkages and the potential for improving seasonal forecasts. C1 [Overland, James E.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wang, Muyin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov FU NOAA Arctic Research Project of the Climate Program Office; Office of Naval Research [322]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX The work is supported by NOAA Arctic Research Project of the Climate Program Office and by the Office of Naval Research, Code 322. Data fields from the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis are available as images provided by the NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. We appreciate discussions with many colleagues on this issue, especially T. Shepherd, and the interest of international organizations: IASC, CliC, and WMO/PPP. E. Hanna kindly provided the GBI and the Upernavik temperature data. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 28 IS 18 BP 7297 EP 7305 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0395.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR0TT UT WOS:000361036800018 ER PT J AU Meyer, CW Harvey, AH AF Meyer, Christopher W. Harvey, Allan H. TI Dew-point measurements for water in compressed carbon dioxide SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE thermodynamics; classical; phase equilibrium; carbon dioxide; dew point; phase equilibrium; virial coefficients; water ID VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; PLUS WATER; VAPOR; MIXTURES; PHASE; GAS; AIR; TEMPERATURES; ENHANCEMENT; EQUILIBRIA AB When transporting CO2 for sequestration, it is important to know the water dew point in order to avoid condensation that can lead to corrosion. A flow apparatus to measure the water content at saturation in a compressed gas has been constructed. A saturator humidifies the flowing gas by equilibrating it with liquid water. Then, a gravimetric hygrometer measures the water mole fraction of the humid gas. Dew-point data for H2O in CO2 on six isotherms between 10 and 80 degrees C at pressures from 0.5 to 5 MPa are reported. The uncertainties in water content at the dew point (expanded uncertainty with coverage factor k=2) are on average 0.3%, significantly smaller than in any previous work. The data have been analyzed to extract the interaction second virial coefficient; the values are consistent with the theoretical estimates of Wheatley and Harvey but have a much smaller uncertainty. Published 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2015 (c) 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2913-2925, 2015 C1 [Meyer, Christopher W.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Harvey, Allan H.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Harvey, AH (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM allan.harvey@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, under DOE Interagency Agreement [DE-FE0003931] FX This article is a contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and is not subject to copyright in the United States. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, under DOE Interagency Agreement DE-FE0003931. A.H. thanks John Prausnitz for teaching him that even those of us who specialize in theory and modeling should appreciate the value of good experimental work. C.M. thanks John Prausnitz for producing excellent chemical engineers to help understand the results of good experimental work. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0001-1541 EI 1547-5905 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 61 IS 9 BP 2913 EP 2925 DI 10.1002/aic.14818 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA CO7AY UT WOS:000359311100023 ER PT J AU Schultz, AJ Kofke, DA Harvey, AH AF Schultz, Andrew J. Kofke, David A. Harvey, Allan H. TI Molecular-based virial coefficients of CO2-H2O mixtures SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE virial coefficients; ab initio molecular models; GCPM; water; carbon dioxide ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; POLARIZABLE WATER; HEAVY-WATER; GAS; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURES; EQUATIONS; DENSITIES; MODELS AB We report second and third virial coefficients for the system CO2-H2O, calculated via cluster integrals using quantitative molecular models taken from the literature. Considered models include (1) fits to highly accurate ab initio calculations of the potential energy surfaces, and (2) semiempirical Gaussian Charge Polarizable Models (GCPM). Three-body effects are found to be essential for obtaining quantitative results. Good agreement with experiment is obtained for the pure-component coefficients, and for the cross second virial coefficient. For the two cross third virial coefficients, the few experimental data available do not agree well with the calculations; it is not clear whether this is due to problems with the data or deficiencies in the three-body potentials. The uncertain state of the experimental data, and the relative mutual consistency of values computed from ab initio and GCPM models, suggest that calculated mixture third virial coefficients could be more accurate than values from experiment. (c) 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3029-3037, 2015 C1 [Schultz, Andrew J.; Kofke, David A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Harvey, Allan H.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kofke, DA (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM kofke@buffalo.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1027963] FX This work is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) (Grant No. CHE-1027963). Computational resources were provided by the University at Buffalo Center for Computational Research. Partial contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. The authors are grateful to Dr. R. A. X. Persson for providing source-code implementations of his GCPM of CO2. D.A.K. is thankful to John Prausnitz for bringing molecular thermodynamics into the mainstream of chemical engineering, while always stressing the importance of connecting it to practical applications. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0001-1541 EI 1547-5905 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 61 IS 9 BP 3029 EP 3037 DI 10.1002/aic.14880 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA CO7AY UT WOS:000359311100035 ER PT J AU Li, YB Gao, ZQ Li, D Chen, F Yang, YJ Sun, L AF Li, Yubin Gao, Zhiqiu Li, Dan Chen, Fei Yang, Yuanjian Sun, Liang TI An Update of Non-iterative Solutions for Surface Fluxes Under Unstable Conditions SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Multiple linear regression; Non-iterative equation; Surface fluxes; Turbulent transfer coefficient ID OBUKHOV STABILITY PARAMETER; LAYER; PARAMETRIZATION; PROFILE; SCHEME AB A new non-iterative approach has been developed to calculate surface fluxes. The range and is divided into eight regions, and in each of the regions, multiple linear regression is performed to obtain non-iterative solutions for surface fluxes. As compared to the other two most recent non-iterative schemes, we show that the suggested scheme has the smallest bias. The maximum relative errors of turbulent transfer coefficients for momentum and sensible heat , as compared to those obtained from the classic iterative method, are always smaller than 2 % from our new non-iterative scheme. C1 [Li, Yubin] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Sch Geog & Remote Sensing, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Gao, Zhiqiu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Li, Dan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Chen, Fei] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Yang, Yuanjian] Anhui Inst Meteorol Sci, Key Lab Atmospher Sci & Satellite Remote Sensing, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. [Sun, Liang] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM zgao@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; OI Sun, Liang/0000-0003-2923-1964 FU National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973) [2011CB403501, 2012CB417203, 2013CB430301]; CAS Strategic Priority Research Program [XDA05110101]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275022]; Project of Global Change and Air-Sea interaction [GASI-03-IPOVAI-04] FX The authors would like to thank Piyush Srivastava and Hendrik Wouters for providing us their codes. This study is supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973) under Grant 2011CB403501, 2012CB417203 and 2013CB430301, the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program Grant XDA05110101, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41275022, and the Project of Global Change and Air-Sea interaction under Contract No. GASI-03-IPOVAI-04. The codes of the new scheme will be provided on request. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 156 IS 3 BP 501 EP 511 DI 10.1007/s10546-015-0032-x PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO2WR UT WOS:000359018200009 ER PT J AU Griffin, SP Nemeth, MI Moore, TD Gintert, B AF Griffin, S. P. Nemeth, M. I. Moore, T. D. Gintert, B. TI Restoration using Acropora cervicornis at the T/V MARGARA grounding site SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Griffin, S. P.; Nemeth, M. I.; Moore, T. D.] NOAA Restorat Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Griffin, S. P.; Nemeth, M. I.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. [Gintert, B.] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Griffin, SP (reprint author), NOAA Restorat Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM sean.griffin@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2015 VL 34 IS 3 BP 885 EP 885 DI 10.1007/s00338-015-1310-2 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CO4WL UT WOS:000359161500018 ER PT J AU Ward-Paige, CA Britten, GL Bethea, DM Carlson, JK AF Ward-Paige, Christine A. Britten, Gregory L. Bethea, Dana M. Carlson, John K. TI Characterizing and predicting essential habitat features for juvenile coastal sharks SO MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE Elasmobranch conservation; environmental predictors; fisheries management; Gulf of Mexico; sharks ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CARCHARHINUS-LIMBATUS; FLORIDA ESTUARY; RHIZOPRIONODON-TERRAENOVAE; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; BLACKTIP SHARKS; SPHYRNA-TIBURO; LIFE-HISTORY; NURSERY AREA; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS AB The successful management of shark populations requires juvenile recruitment success. Thus, conservation initiatives now strive to include the protection of areas used by pre-adult sharks in order to promote juvenile survivorship. Many shark species use inshore areas for early life stages; however, species often segregate within sites to reduce competition. Using a fisheries-independent gillnet survey from the Northern Gulf of Mexico (2000-2010) we describe distribution patterns and preferred habitat features of the juveniles of six shark species. Our results suggest that multiple shark species concurrently use the area for early life stages and although they overlap, they exhibit distinct habitat preferences characterized by physical variables. Habitat suitability models suggest that temperature, depth, and salinity are the important factors driving juvenile shark occurrence. Within each site, across the sampled range of physical characteristics, blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) preferred higher temperature (>30 degrees C) and mid-depth (similar to 5.5m); bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo) preferred higher temperature (>30 degrees C) and mid-salinity (30-35 PSU), finetooth shark (Carcharhinus isodon) preferred low salinity (<20 PSU) with mid-depth (similar to 4m), scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) preferred high temperature (>30 degrees C) and salinity (>35 PSU), Atlantic sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) preferred high temperature (>30 degrees C) and deep water (>6m), and spinner shark (Carcharhinus brevipinna) preferred deep water (>8m) and high temperature (>30 degrees C). The other investigated factors, including year, month, latitude, longitude, bottom type, inlet distance, coastline and human coast were not influential for any species. Combining habitat preferences with the sampled environmental characteristics, we predicted habitat suitability throughout the four sites for which physical characteristics were sampled. Habitat suitability surfaces highlight the differences in habitat use between and within sites. This work provides important insight into the habitat ecology of juvenile shark populations, which can be used to better manage these species and protect critical habitat. C1 [Ward-Paige, Christine A.; Bethea, Dana M.; Carlson, John K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Ward-Paige, Christine A.; Britten, Gregory L.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Ward-Paige, CA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM cward.paige@gmail.com FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Panama City; NSERC; Sobey Fund for Oceans; NOAA Fisheries Highly Migratory Species Office FX We thank S. M. Ambrose for GIS expertise. C. Mora & D. Keith for valuable discussions, NMFS technicians and interns for field collection. This research was performed while C.W.P. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Panama City; NSERC and Sobey Fund for Oceans to G.B. Funding for field sampling was provided by NOAA Fisheries Highly Migratory Species Office. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-9565 EI 1439-0485 J9 MAR ECOL-EVOL PERSP JI Mar. Ecol.-Evol. Persp. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 36 IS 3 BP 419 EP 431 DI 10.1111/maec.12151 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN8XQ UT WOS:000358729600014 ER PT J AU Yan, S Catanese, G Brown, CL Wang, M Yang, CP Yang, TB AF Yan, Shuai Catanese, Gaetano Brown, Christopher L. Wang, Ming Yang, Chaopin Yang, Tingbao TI Phylogeographic study on the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the Northwestern Pacific indicates the late Pleistocene population isolation SO MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE Control region; marginal seas; mitochondrial; population expansion ID MITOCHONDRIAL CONTROL REGION; EAST CHINA SEA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; WESTERN PACIFIC; DNA-SEQUENCES; MARGINAL SEAS; MARINE FISH; YELLOW SEA; PATTERNS AB In the present study, the population genetic structure and historical demography of the chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, in the Northwestern Pacific were examined based on the full-length sequences of the mitochondrial control region and cytochrome b gene. A total of 320 individuals was sampled from 11 localities along the coast of China and Japan from August 2011 to May 2013. Two main clades representing Chinese and Japanese populations, respectively, were detected, suggesting population isolation of S.japonicus during the late Pleistocene era. The Chinese clade was further divided into two small clades and the distribution of haplotypes were not related to sampling locality, which may be a signature of secondary contact following past division. Analyses of molecular variance and pairwise F-ST revealed significant genetic differentiation between the Chinese and Japanese populations, but a lack of genetic structure for the populations along the coast of China. Both neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analysis suggested that the populations along the coast of China experienced population expansion during the late Pleistocene. Historical events, biological characteristics and other extrinsic forces such as ocean currents may all be associated with the current phylogeographic pattern of S.japonicus in the Northwestern Pacific. C1 [Yan, Shuai; Wang, Ming; Yang, Chaopin; Yang, Tingbao] Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Yan, Shuai; Wang, Ming; Yang, Chaopin; Yang, Tingbao] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Ctr Parasit Organisms, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Catanese, Gaetano] Stn Zool A Dohrn, I-80121 Naples, Italy. [Brown, Christopher L.] NOAA, Aquaculture & Enhancement Div, Milford Lab, Milford, MA USA. [Wang, Ming] Guangdong Inst Standardizat, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Yang, TB (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM lssytb@mail.sysu.edu.cn RI CATANESE, GAETANO/A-7510-2009 OI CATANESE, GAETANO/0000-0001-6219-4494 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31072215]; flagship project 'RITMARE' of the Italian Ministry of University and Research FX We would like to thank Shi Sufen, Lu Limin and Zhang Shuai for their help with sample collection, and Zhi Tingting and He Zhangping for their assistance during the experiment. This work was supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31072215). The work of Gaetano Catanese was partially funded by the flagship project 'RITMARE' of the Italian Ministry of University and Research. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-9565 EI 1439-0485 J9 MAR ECOL-EVOL PERSP JI Mar. Ecol.-Evol. Persp. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 36 IS 3 BP 753 EP 765 DI 10.1111/maec.12267 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN8XQ UT WOS:000358729600038 ER PT J AU Uprety, S Cao, CY AF Uprety, Sirish Cao, Changyong TI Suomi NPP VIIRS reflective solar band on-orbit radiometric stability and accuracy assessment using desert and Antarctica Dome C sites SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE VIIRS; MODIS; OLI; Calibration; Intercomparison; Radiometric stability; Radiometric accuracy; Dome C; Libya 4; Bias ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; INVARIANT CALIBRATION SITE; OPTICAL SATELLITE SENSORS; DATA CONTINUITY MISSION; LAND IMAGER OLI; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; CROSS-CALIBRATION; SNOW ALBEDO; CHANNELS; AVHRR AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is a key instrument flying aboard Suomi NPP satellite. It is a follow on mission for NOM series AVHRR and NASA MODIS. The radiometric stability and accuracy of VIIRS are critical to make its data useful for weather and climate applications. This study is focused on analyzing VIIRS radiometric performance using well established calibration sites and through the inter-comparison with other satellite instruments such as AQUA MODIS and Landsat 8 OLI The paper analyzes stability of VIIRS reflective solar bands over more than two years by using sites such as Libya 4, Sudan 1 and Dome C. VIIRS absolute radiometric accuracy is quantified using AQUA MODIS over the above mentioned sites. For VIIRS band M11 (2.1 mu m), since there is no matching MODIS band pair, this study uses matching SWIR band from Landsat 8 OLI as a reference to quantify the absolute calibration accuracy of M11. The study shows that VIIRS moderate resolution reflective solar bands are stable with better than 0.5% for most of the bands with uncertainty on the order of 1%. After accounting the spectral differences, the absolute radiometric bias estimated through VIIRS and MODIS intercalibration is within 2% for bands M1-5 and M10 and about 3% for bands M7-8. Similarly, M11 bias estimated using VIIRS and OLI inter-comparison is 5.4%. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Uprety, Sirish] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Uprety, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sirish.uprety@noaa.gov; changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 FU JPSS program office [NA14OAR4320125] FX This work is partially funded by the JPSS program office through grant number NA14OAR4320125. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 166 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.05.021 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CN7RU UT WOS:000358632500009 ER PT J AU Horodysky, AZ Cooke, SJ Brill, RW AF Horodysky, Andrij Z. Cooke, Steven J. Brill, Richard W. TI Physiology in the service of fisheries science: Why thinking mechanistically matters SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Aquaculture; Bycatch; Climate change; Ecology; Fisheries; Fry's paradigm; Physiology; Post-release survival ID TUNA THUNNUS-ALBACARES; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; COMPARATIVE VISUAL FUNCTION; INHABITING CHESAPEAKE BAY; BONEFISH ALBULA-VULPES; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENERGY BUDGET THEORY; MARINE FOOD WEBS; PELAGIC FISHES; CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY AB Behavioral responses of fishes to variability in environmental conditions and habitat quality are central to population-level demographic processes. Although field surveys can correlate abundance to habitat variables (physiochemical, biotic, and structural), they cannot provide mechanistic explanations. Moreover, field surveys are often stratified by time or geographic criteria relevant to humans, whereas fishes stratify by habitat variables relevant to them. If mechanisms underlying behavior are not explicitly understood, conclusions based on survey data can lead to biased inferences as to species-specific habitat requirements and preferences, as well as changes in stock size occurring over time. Because physiology is the transfer function that links specific environmental conditions to behavior and fitness, we argue great gains can be made through the integration of physiology and fisheries science. These are complementary disciplines, albeit ones that generally function at very different temporal and spatial scales, as well as different levels of biological organization. We argue more specifically that integrating physiological approaches with behavioral studies and traditional fisheries survey data (where each approach develops hypotheses to be tested in the other) can mechanistically link processes from cells through populations to place fisheries management in an appropriate ecosystem context. We further contend that population- and species-specific mechanistic understanding of physiological abilities and tolerances can significantly help to: improve stock assessments, describe essential fish habitat, predict rates of post-release mortality, develop effective bycatch reduction strategies, and forecast the population effects of increases in global temperatures and ocean acidification. C1 [Horodysky, Andrij Z.] Hampton Univ, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Brill, Richard W.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Brill, Richard W.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Horodysky, AZ (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, 100 E Queen St, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. EM andrij.horodysky@hamptonu.edu RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 FU NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center; Educational Partnership in Climate Change and Sustainability; NSERC; Canada Research Chairs Program; Bonefish and Tarpon Trust; Behavioral Ecology Branch, National Marine Fisheries Service; Virginia Institute of Marine Science FX We thank A. Rosenberger and K. Polivka for their invitation to present this work at the 2012 National AFS meeting, which served as the gestalt of this manuscript. A.Z.H receives support from the NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center and the Educational Partnership in Climate Change and Sustainability. S.J.C. is supported by NSERC, the Canada Research Chairs Program, and a Bonefish and Tarpon Trust Research Fellowship. R.W.B. received support from the Behavioral Ecology Branch, National Marine Fisheries Service, and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. This is research contribution 3480 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. NR 188 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 67 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 25 IS 3 BP 425 EP 447 DI 10.1007/s11160-015-9393-y PG 23 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CO4WW UT WOS:000359162600001 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Carvalho, J Coelho, R Mejuto, J Cortes, E Domingo, A Yokawa, K Liu, KM Garcia-Cortes, B Forselledo, R Ohshimo, S Ramos-Cartelle, A Tsai, WP Santos, MN AF Fernandez-Carvalho, Joana Coelho, Rui Mejuto, Jaime Cortes, Enric Domingo, Andres Yokawa, Kotaro Liu, Kwang-Ming Garcia-Cortes, Blanca Forselledo, Rodrigo Ohshimo, Seiji Ramos-Cartelle, Ana Tsai, Wen-Pei Santos, Miguel N. TI Pan-Atlantic distribution patterns and reproductive biology of the bigeye thresher, Alopias superciliosus SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Alopiidae; Pelagic sharks; Seasonality; Sex ratios; Size distribution; Spatial distribution ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; ELASMOBRANCHS CAUGHT; NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC; NORTHEASTERN TAIWAN; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; MATURITY STAGES; SHARK; GROWTH; OCEAN; CHONDRICHTHYES AB The bigeye thresher (Alopias supercilious) is occasionally caught as bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries targeting tunas and swordfish. Still, it is one of the least known and studied of all pelagic sharks, which hinders assessment of the status of its populations. As part of an ongoing cooperative program for fisheries and biological data collection, information collected by fishery observers and through scientific projects from several nations that undertake fishing activities in the Atlantic (Japan, Portugal, Spain, Taiwan, Uruguay and US) was compiled and analyzed. Datasets include information on location, size, sex and, in some cases, maturity stage. A total of 5590 bigeye thresher records collected between 1992 and 2013 were compiled, with sizes ranging from 70 to 305 cm fork length (FL). Considerable variability was observed in size, with tropical regions recording a smaller mean size compared to other regions. The distribution of juvenile and adult specimens also showed considerable variability, and the sex ratios varied between regions and size classes. Median sizes at maturity were estimated at 208.6 cm FL for females and 159.2 cm FL for males. Pregnant females were recorded in the tropical northeast and southwest Atlantic, with these regions possibly serving as nursery areas. The biological and distributional patterns presented in this study provide a better understanding of different aspects of this species in the Atlantic, which can help managers adopt more informed and efficient conservation measures. C1 [Fernandez-Carvalho, Joana; Coelho, Rui; Santos, Miguel N.] Portuguese Inst Ocean & Atmosphere, IPMA, IP, P-8700305 Olhao, Portugal. [Fernandez-Carvalho, Joana; Coelho, Rui] Univ Algarve, Ctr Marine Sci Algarve CCMAR, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal. [Mejuto, Jaime; Garcia-Cortes, Blanca; Ramos-Cartelle, Ana] Inst Espaol Oceanog, La Coruna 15080, Spain. [Cortes, Enric] NOAA, Panama City Lab, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Domingo, Andres; Forselledo, Rodrigo] Direcc Nacl Recursos Acuat DINARA, Lab Recursos Pelag, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Yokawa, Kotaro; Ohshimo, Seiji] Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. [Liu, Kwang-Ming] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Affairs & Resource Management, Keelung 202, Taiwan. [Tsai, Wen-Pei] Natl Kaohsiung Marine Univ, Dept Fisheries Prod & Management, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan. RP Coelho, R (reprint author), Portuguese Inst Ocean & Atmosphere, IPMA, IP, Ave 5 Outubro S-N, P-8700305 Olhao, Portugal. EM rpcoelho@ipma.pt RI Cortes, Enric/H-2700-2013; OHSHIMO, Seiji/H-8674-2014; Coelho, Rui/C-1163-2008 OI Coelho, Rui/0000-0003-3813-5157 FU EU; SELECT-PAL (PROMAR Proj.) [31-03-05-FEP-1]; THRESHER (FCT Proj.) [PTDC/MAR/109915/2009]; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) [SFRH/BD/60624/2009]; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia) [IF/00253/2014]; EU European Social Fund; Programa Operacional Potencial Humano FX This work was carried out as part of a cooperative study conducted by the ICCAT Shark species group. Sampling and data collection from the Portuguese fishery were obtained and funded within the scope of the EU Data Collection Framework, and as part of the projects SELECT-PAL (PROMAR Proj. 31-03-05-FEP-1), and THRESHER (FCT Proj. PTDC/MAR/109915/2009). Sampling from Uruguay was conducted by fishery observers from PNOFA. Data from Japanese longline fishery was obtained by Japan's scientific observer program managed by the Fishery Agency of Japan. The authors are grateful to all the fishery observers and longline skippers from the nations involved in this study. Joana Fernandez-Carvalho was supported by a PhD grant (Ref.: SFRH/BD/60624/2009) from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia). Rui Coelho is supported by an Investigador-FCT contract (Ref.: IF/00253/2014) from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia) supported by the EU European Social Fund and the Programa Operacional Potencial Humano. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 25 IS 3 BP 551 EP 568 DI 10.1007/s11160-015-9389-7 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CO4WW UT WOS:000359162600008 ER PT J AU Li, YQ Meseck, SL Dixon, MS Rose, JM Smith, BC Wikfors, GH AF Li, Yaqin Meseck, Shannon L. Dixon, Mark S. Rose, Julie M. Smith, Barry C. Wikfors, Gary H. TI Short term effects of a commercial eastern oyster nursery upon nutrient and plankton dynamics of a coastal embayment: observations from mesocosm experiments SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal embayment; oysters nursery; environmental interaction; plankton; nutrients; mesocosms ID OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; QUANTUM YIELD; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MUSSEL BED; PHYTOPLANKTON; IRON; FLUORESCENCE; LIMITATION; RELEVANCE; EXCRETION AB Two mesocosm experiments were conducted to study the interaction of a commercial oyster-nursery system with the surrounding embayment, specifically, nutrient and plankton dynamics. The nursery was stocked with 80-200L of oysters, sized 3-5mm. Ambient water and the water passed through the oyster nursery were incubated in mesocosms, and nutrients and plankton were monitored over the course of 27-h incubations. The first experiment conducted in July 2009 captured a phytoplankton community dominated by Peridinium quinquecorne, a rare dinoflagellate not previously reported in the northeastern USA. Dissolved nitrogen compounds in all mesocosms were depleted within the first 6h. The second experiment was conducted in September 2009, when a more typical and diverse phytoplankton community was present. Unlike the first experiment, Nitrate plus nitrite in the mesocosms was not depleted. Both experiments indicated little difference between the water passed through the oyster nursery and the ambient water in terms of subsequent nutrient and plankton dynamics, indicating little legacy effect' of the oyster nursery upon nutrients and plankton in this embayment. This conclusion was reached under the specific operating conditions typical for this nursery system, as chosen by the commercial partner in the study; changes in oyster stocking or flow rate are likely to change the results. C1 [Li, Yaqin; Meseck, Shannon L.; Dixon, Mark S.; Rose, Julie M.; Smith, Barry C.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA Fisheries, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Li, YQ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM judy.yaqin.li@noaa.gov FU NOAA Aquaculture Program FX This study would have been impossible without Karen Rivara of Aeros Cultured Oyster Company for permitting our accesses to her operation and for being there when we have questions about the FLUPSY and oysters. We thank Barbara Blass from the town of River Head, New York for helping with the permitting process. The following individuals are greatly appreciated for participating in the field work: Jennifer Alix, April Croxton, Kimberly Dickinson, Soledad Maria Fuentes, Carsten Krome and Aurelie Le Long. NOAA Aquaculture Program funded the research. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1355-557X EI 1365-2109 J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 46 IS 9 BP 2049 EP 2064 DI 10.1111/are.12358 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CN6HF UT WOS:000358534500001 ER PT J AU Mace, MM Rozas, LP AF Mace, Marvin M., III Rozas, Lawrence P. TI Estimating Natural Mortality Rates of Juvenile White Shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Essential fish habitat; Nursery; Salt marsh; Growth rate; Length-frequency data; Mark-recapture data ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; PRAWNS PENAEUS-MERGUIENSIS; BROWN SHRIMP; COASTAL LAGOON; NORTHERN GULF; FARFANTEPENAEUS-AZTECUS; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GALVESTON BAY; CATCH-CURVE AB Comparisons of natural mortality rates can be used to identify essential habitat and nursery areas for fishery species. We estimated and compared natural mortality rates of juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus using length-frequency and mark-recapture data and attempted to identify factors that may affect these mortality rates. Daily instantaneous natural mortality rates (95 % confidence interval (CI)) obtained from length-frequency data by following individual cohorts were 0.043 (0.031-0.054) and 0.014 (0.0-0.039). Combining all length-frequency data, converting to age-frequency data, and using two types of catch-curve analyses yielded estimates of 0.069 (0.042-0.095) and 0.060 (0.046-0.073). Mark-recapture estimates obtained in a separate study from two ponds were 0.129 (0.054-0.203) and 0.014 (-0.048-0.076). These estimates are comparable to previously reported values for this species, but we are the first to report a measure of precision with our estimates. In the mark-recapture study, mortality rates appeared to be related to predator abundance in ponds and flooding patterns of the surrounding marsh. The only mortality rate significantly different from any of the other estimates was the lower of the two length-frequency estimates, but this result should be interpreted with caution because of the uncertainty in that estimate, relative imprecision of our estimates, and confounding factors between the methods we used to estimate mortality. Despite this caveat, the results from our study can be used to improve population models for L. setiferus and our understanding of the role of marsh habitats as nursery areas. C1 [Mace, Marvin M., III] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Mace, MM (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, POB 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM trey.mace@noaa.gov FU NOAA Habitat Assessment Improvement Program grant; University of Louisiana at Lafayette; Rockefeller Wildlife Scholarship; Coastal Conservation Association/Ted Beaulieu Sr. Scholarship; Wetland Foundation; NMFS SEFSC FX This research was conducted through the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) by personnel from the Galveston Laboratory and the Estuarine Habitats and Coastal Fisheries Center in Lafayette, Louisiana. In particular, we thank Shawn Hillen, Juan Salas, Jennifer Doerr, Rick Hart, and Lainey Broussard for help in the field and Alex Cummings for help processing samples in the laboratory. We would also like to thank David Richard at Stream Wetland Services and the staff at Murphree Wildlife Management Area for providing lodging during the study and the staff of the Texas Point National Wildlife Refuge for access to the field site. We thank Rick Hart for information on white shrimp stock assessments and Phil Caldwell for conducting the GIS analysis needed to weight the length-frequency distributions and for creating Fig. 1. Tom Minello, Ronnie Baker, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions that improved the original manuscript. A NOAA Habitat Assessment Improvement Program grant, a Teaching Assistantship from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, a Rockefeller Wildlife Scholarship, a Coastal Conservation Association/Ted Beaulieu Sr. Scholarship, a research grant from the Wetland Foundation, and the NMFS SEFSC provided funding to support this project. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA NMFS. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2015 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1580 EP 1592 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9901-7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN7JV UT WOS:000358611500015 ER PT J AU Burgess, DR Babushok, VI Linteris, GT Manion, JA AF Burgess, Donald R., Jr. Babushok, Valeri I. Linteris, Gregory T. Manion, Jeffrey A. TI A Chemical Kinetic Mechanism for 2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (2-BTP) Flame Inhibition SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; GAS-PHASE REACTION; DIRECT AB-INITIO; MERCURY-PHOTOSENSITIZED DECOMPOSITION; PHOTOELECTRON PHOTOION COINCIDENCE; HYDROGEN-ABSTRACTION REACTIONS; INTERMEDIATE SPECIES PROFILES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE REACTIONS; ARROW-RH+BR R; RATE CONSTANTS AB In this work, we report a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism to describe the flame inhibition chemistry of the fire-suppressant 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (2-BTP), under consideration as a replacement for CF3Br. Under some conditions, the effectiveness of 2-BTP is similar to that of CF3Br; however, like other potential halon replacements, it failed an U.S. Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) qualifying test for its use in cargo bays. Large overpressures are observed in that test and indicate an exothermic reaction of the agent under those conditions. The kinetic model reported herein lays the groundwork to understand the seemingly conflicting behavior on a fundamental basis. The present mechanism and parameters are based on an extensive literature review supplemented with new quantum chemical calculations. The first part of the present article documents the information considered and provides traceability with respect to the reaction set, species thermochemistry, and kinetic parameters. In additional work, presented more fully elsewhere, we have combined the 2-BTP chemical kinetic mechanism developed here with several other submodels from the literature and then used the combined mechanism to simulate premixed flames over a range of fuel/air stoichiometries and agent loadings. Overall, the modeling results qualitatively predicted observations found in cup-burner tests and FAA Aerosol Can Tests, including the extinguishing concentrations required and the lean-to-rich dependence of mixtures. With these data in hand, in a second phase of the present work, we perform a reaction path analysis of major species under several modeled conditions. This analysis leads to a qualitative understanding of the ability of 2-BTP to act as both an inhibitor and a fuel, depending on the conditions and suggests areas of the kinetic model that should be further investigated and refined. C1 [Burgess, Donald R., Jr.; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Babushok, Valeri I.; Linteris, Gregory T.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burgess, DR (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dburgess@nist.gov FU Boeing Company FX The work was supported by the Boeing Company. NR 199 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0538-8066 EI 1097-4601 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 47 IS 9 BP 533 EP 563 DI 10.1002/kin.20923 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CN8NB UT WOS:000358696800001 ER PT J AU Persily, A AF Persily, Andrew TI Challenges in developing ventilation and indoor air quality standards: The story of ASHRAE Standard 62 SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Comfort; Health; Indoor air quality; Occupant satisfaction; Standards; Ventilation ID CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; REQUIREMENTS; ASSOCIATIONS; PERSPECTIVE; PERFORMANCE; ATTENDANCE; BUILDINGS; HISTORY; OLF AB Building ventilation has long been recognized for its role in occupant health, comfort and productivity, with some of the first recommendations on building ventilation rates published in the 19th century. These recommendations were subsequently transformed into more rigorous standards and guidance in the 20th century, with the first version of ASHRAE Standard 62 published in 1973. Since that time, ventilation standards have been issued in several countries around the world and have dealt with an increasingly complex and challenging range of issues as research on indoor air quality and the state of knowledge of building performance have progressed. This paper reviews and discusses some of the issues that have been addressed in the development of ventilation standards in recent years, using the development of ASHRAE Standard 62 as context, including: the scientific bases for ventilation requirements, perceived indoor air quality, contaminant sources from occupants and the building, outdoor air quality, airborne contaminant limits, indoor carbon dioxide concentrations, environmental tobacco smoke, and performance-based design. Issues that are expected to be dealt with as Standard 62 and other standards are developed into the future are also reviewed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Persily, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andyp@nist.gov OI Persily, Andrew/0000-0002-9542-3318 NR 62 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 EI 1873-684X J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 91 SI SI BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.026 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA CN0HI UT WOS:000358094300006 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Yer, IH AF Kim, Ji-Hong Yer, In-Hyung TI Growth of ZnO nanowire arrays on Ga-doped ZnO transparent conductive layers SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Ga-doped ZnO; Transparent conductive oxide; TCO; Transparent electrode materials; ZnO nanowires ID NANOROD ARRAYS; THICKNESS AB Vertically well-aligned ZnO nanowire arrays were successfully grown on Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) transparent conductive layers. In this study, not only do the GZO thin films play a role as transparent electrodes but also a role as seed layers simultaneously, so that any additional seed layers are not needed. The GZO thin films with various thicknesses (50, 100, and 200 mm) were deposited to investigate the effect of the thickness on the growth behavior of ZnO nanowire arrays. The resistivities of the GZO thin films of 50, 100, and 200 mm thickness were measured to be 8.47 x 10(-4), 7.30 x 10(-4), and 6.51 x 10(-4) Omega cm, respectively. The degree of alignment and the crystalline quality of the ZnO nanowires were improved with increasing the thickness of the GZO thin films. Photoluminescence (PL) measurement, which detected a UV near band edge (NBE) emission peak and a visible deep-level (DL) emission peak on each sample, revealed that the ZnO nanowires were grown with higher crystalline quality and less defects as the thickness of the GZO thin films increased. These may be ascribed to the improved degree of orientation of the (0002) plane and crystallinity of the GZO thin films, which were confirmed by XRD analysis. The grain size of the GZO films, which was observed to increase with increasing the thickness, also influenced the diameter and the density of the ZnO nanowires. With the increase in the grain size of the GZO thin films, the diameter of the ZnO nanowires tended to increase, while the density decreased. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Ji-Hong; Yer, In-Hyung] Korea Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jihong81@gmail.com NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 EI 1873-3956 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 41 IS 8 BP 10227 EP 10231 DI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.04.130 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA CK9GR UT WOS:000356549100136 ER PT J AU Lipman, R Lubell, J AF Lipman, Robert Lubell, Joshua TI Conformance checking of PMI representation in CAD model STEP data exchange files SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN LA English DT Article DE CAD software; Interoperability; PMI; STEP; Recommended practices; Tolerances AB Recommended practices supplement data exchange standards by providing common implementation guidance associated with specific requirements. ISO 10303 (STEP) product data exchange files that conform to recommended practices ensure interoperability between computer-aided design (CAD) systems and with downstream applications such as manufacturing and inspection. Correct implementation of product and manufacturing information (PMI) - annotations associated with a CAD model's edges and faces such as geometric tolerances, dimensional tolerances, and datum features - in CAD authoring systems and translators is essential for interoperability. This paper discusses an approach implemented in a software tool for checking the conformance of STEP files to the recommended practice for PMI representation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lipman, Robert; Lubell, Joshua] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lipman, R (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.lipman@nist.gov; joshua.lubell@nist.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-4485 EI 1879-2685 J9 COMPUT AIDED DESIGN JI Comput.-Aided Des. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 66 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.cad.2015.04.002 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA CK9GE UT WOS:000356547800002 ER PT J AU Li, XF Yang, XF Zheng, WZ Zhang, JA Pietrafesa, LJ Pichel, WG AF Li, Xiaofeng Yang, Xiaofeng Zheng, Weizhong Zhang, Jun A. Pietrafesa, Leonard J. Pichel, William G. TI Synergistic Use of Satellite Observations and Numerical Weather Model to Study Atmospheric Occluded Fronts SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric modeling; sea surface; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE-RADAR; VORTEX STREETS; GRAVITY-WAVES; WRF MODEL; SAR; OCEAN; IMAGES; PARAMETERIZATION; CONVECTION; SIGNATURES AB Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images reveal the surface imprints of atmospheric occluded fronts. An occluded front is characterized as a low-wind zone located between and within two zones of higher winds blowing in the opposite directions on the left and right sides of the occluded front. A group of four SAR images reveal that the width of an individual occluded frontal zone and the wind magnitudes outside fronts vary greatly from case to case. In this paper, we performed a case study to analyze an occluded front observed by an Environmental Satellite (Envisat) Advanced SAR and ASCAT scatterometer along the west coast of Canada on November 24, 2011. The two-way interactive, triply nested grid (9-3-1 km) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was utilized to simulate the evolution of the occluded front. The occluded front moved toward the east during a 24-h model simulation, and the movement between 18: 00 and 21: 00 UTC matched the occluded front positions derived from the concurrently collected surface weather maps; from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric National Weather Service archives. The WRF-simulated low-wind zone associated with the occluded front and ocean surface wind speed match well with the SAR and scatterometer wind retrievals. High wind outside the front zone became weaker during the front evolution, whereas the width of the occluded frontal zone was contracted laterally. Analysis of the WRF model derived potential temperature field suggests that the occlusion process occurred below the 800-mb level. The structure of the occluded front studied here not only follows the conventional conceptual model and also supports the findings of a novel wrap-up conceptual model for an atmospheric frontal occlusion process. C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] Zhejiang Ocean Univ, Zhoushan 316004, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, GST, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yang, Xiaofeng] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Weizhong] NOAA, IMSG, NCEP, EMC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, AOML, HRD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Pietrafesa, Leonard J.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Conway, SC 29528 USA. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), Zhejiang Ocean Univ, Zhoushan 316004, Peoples R China. EM Xiaofeng.Li@noaa.gov RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119; FU European Space Agency [19011, 6133] FX This paper is in final form on the last day of coauthor William (Bill) Pichel's working day with NOAA before his retirement. W. Pichel's 45 years of leadership and dedication to NOAA ocean remote sensing program will be truly missed. X. Li acknowledges all the support, encouragement, and trust from W. Pichel during the past 18 years. W. Pichel wins not only the Distinguished Career Award and a Gold Medal from NOAA, but also a Gold Medal for life from all of us who had the privilege to work with him. The Envisat Advanced SAR image was provided by the European Space Agency under Envisat Projects 19011 and 6133. ASCAT Level-2 wind data are obtained from: http://www.eumetsat.int/. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2015 VL 53 IS 9 BP 5269 EP 5279 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2420312 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CK4AJ UT WOS:000356159000043 ER PT J AU Meng, Y Lee, J Dagenais, M Rolston, SL AF Meng, Y. Lee, J. Dagenais, M. Rolston, S. L. TI A nanowaveguide platform for collective atom-light interaction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM MEMORY; ENTANGLEMENT; CHIP AB We propose a nanowaveguide platform for collective atom-light interaction through evanescent field coupling. We have developed a 1 cm-long silicon nitride nanowaveguide can use evanescent fields to trap and probe an ensemble of 87 Rb atoms. The waveguide has a sub-micrometer square mode area and was designed with tapers for high fiber-to-waveguide coupling efficiencies at near-infrared wavelengths (750 nm to 1100 nm). Inverse tapers in the platform adiabatically transfer a weakly guided mode of fiber-coupled light into a strongly guided mode with an evanescent field to trap atoms and then back to a weakly guided mode at the other end of the waveguide. The coupling loss is -1 dB per facet (similar to 80% coupling efficiency) at 760 nm and 1064 nm, which is estimated by a propagation loss measurement with waveguides of different lengths. The proposed platform has good thermal conductance and can guide high optical powers for trapping atoms in ultra-high vacuum. As an intermediate step, we have observed thermal atom absorption of the evanescent component of a nanowaveguide and have demonstrated the U-wire mirror magneto-optical trap that can transfer atoms to the proximity of the surface. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Meng, Y.; Dagenais, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, J.; Rolston, S. L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, J.; Rolston, S. L.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Meng, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dage@ece.umd.edu RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU ARO Atomtronics MURI project FX This work was funded by ARO Atomtronics MURI project. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 31 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 9 AR 091110 DI 10.1063/1.4929947 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CQ9IB UT WOS:000360926200010 ER PT J AU Lynn, JW Zhou, XQ Borg, CKH Saha, SR Paglione, J Rodriguez, EE AF Lynn, Jeffrey W. Zhou, Xiuquan Borg, Christopher K. H. Saha, Shanta R. Paglione, Johnpierre Rodriguez, Efrain E. TI Neutron investigation of the magnetic scattering in an iron-based ferromagnetic superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COEXISTENCE; ORDER; ERRH4B4; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; RUSR2GDCU2O8; DESTRUCTION; HOMO6S8 AB Neutron diffraction and small angle scattering experiments have been carried out on the double-isotopic polycrystalline sample ((Li0.82Fe0.18OD)-Li-7)FeSe. Profile refinements of the diffraction data establish the composition and reveal an essentially single phase material with lattice parameters of a = 3.7827 angstrom and c = 9.1277 angstrom at 4 K, in the ferromagnetic-superconductor regime, with a bulk superconducting transition of T-C = 18 K. Small angle neutron scattering measurements in zero applied field reveal the onset of ferromagnetic order below T-F approximate to 12.5K, with a wave vector and temperature dependence consistent with an inhomogeneous ferromagnet of spontaneous vortices or domains in a mixed state. No oscillatory long range ordered magnetic state is observed. Field-dependent measurements establish a separate component of magnetic scattering from the vortex lattice, which occurs at the expected wave vector. The temperature dependence of the vortex scattering does not indicate any contribution from the ferromagnetism, consistent with diffraction data that indicate that the ordered ferromagnetic moment is quite small. C1 [Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Xiuquan; Borg, Christopher K. H.; Rodriguez, Efrain E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Saha, Shanta R.; Paglione, Johnpierre] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Paglione, Johnpierre] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lynn, JW (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jeffrey.Lynn@nist.gov FU NSF [DMR-1455118]; AFOSR [FA9550-14-1-0332]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF4419] FX We thank Cedric Gagnon for his assistance with the SANS measurements, and Qiang Ye for his assistance with the 9 T superconducting magnet system. Research at the University of Maryland was supported by NSF Career DMR-1455118, AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-14-1-0332, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Grant No. GBMF4419. The NGB30SANS spectrometer is supported in part by NSF, DMR-0944772. The identification of any commercial product does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 40 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 31 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 6 AR 060510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.060510 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CQ0EN UT WOS:000360268100001 ER PT J AU Yin, JF Zhan, XW Zheng, YF Hain, CR Liu, JC Fang, L AF Yin, Jifu Zhan, Xiwu Zheng, Youfei Hain, Christopher R. Liu, Jicheng Fang, Li TI Optimal ensemble size of ensemble Kalman filter in sequential soil moisture data assimilation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE MODEL; SCHEME AB The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been extensively applied in sequential soil moisture data assimilation to improve the land surface model performance and in turn weather forecast capability. Usually, the ensemble size of EnKF is determined with limited sensitivity experiments. Thus, the optimal ensemble size may have never been reached. In this work, based on a series of mathematical derivations, we demonstrate that the maximum efficiency of the EnKF for assimilating observations into the models could be reached when the ensemble size is set to 12. Simulation experiments are designed in this study under ensemble size cases 2, 5, 12, 30, 50, 100, and 300 to support the mathematical derivations. All the simulations are conducted from 1 June to 30 September 2012 over southeast USA (from similar to 90 degrees W, 30 degrees N to similar to 80 degrees W, 40 degrees N) at 25 km resolution. We found that the simulations are perfectly consistent with the mathematical derivation. This optical ensemble size may have theoretical implications on the implementation of EnKF in other sequential data assimilation problems. C1 [Yin, Jifu] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Aerosol Cloud Precipitat, China Meteorol Adm, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yin, Jifu; Zhan, Xiwu; Hain, Christopher R.; Liu, Jicheng; Fang, Li] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Yin, Jifu; Hain, Christopher R.; Liu, Jicheng; Fang, Li] Univ Maryland, ESSIC CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zheng, Youfei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher Environm Monitoring & P, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zheng, YF (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher Environm Monitoring & P, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM zhengyf@nuist.edu.cn RI Liu, Jicheng/B-4575-2009; Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010 FU NOAA JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction (PGRR) Program FX This work was supported by a grant from NOAA JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction (PGRR) Program. SMOPS soil moisture data product could be obtained from NOAA-NESDIS at http://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/land/smops/smops_loops.html. We are also grateful to anonymous reviewers of the previous version for helping significantly improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 16 BP 6710 EP 6715 DI 10.1002/2015GL063366 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CU3FY UT WOS:000363410800023 ER PT J AU Balaguru, K Foltz, GR Leung, LR D' Asaro, E Emanuel, KA Liu, HL Zedler, SE AF Balaguru, Karthik Foltz, Gregory R. Leung, L. Ruby D' Asaro, Eric Emanuel, Kerry A. Liu, Hailong Zedler, Sarah E. TI Dynamic Potential Intensity: An improved representation of the ocean's impact on tropical cyclones SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HURRICANE INTENSITY; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; MODELS; INDEX; WIND; HEAT AB To incorporate the effects of tropical cyclone (TC)-induced upper ocean mixing and sea surface temperature (SST) cooling on TC intensification, a vertical average of temperature down to a fixed depth was proposed as a replacement for SST within the framework of air-sea coupled Potential Intensity (PI). However, the depth to which TC-induced mixing penetrates may vary substantially with ocean stratification and storm state. To account for these effects, here we develop a "Dynamic Potential Intensity" (DPI) based on considerations of stratified fluid turbulence. For the Argo period 2004-2013 and the three major TC basins of the Northern Hemisphere, we show that the DPI explains 11-32% of the variance in TC intensification, compared to 0-16% using previous methods. The improvement obtained using the DPI is particularly large in the eastern Pacific where the thermocline is shallow and ocean stratification effects are strong. C1 [Balaguru, Karthik] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Foltz, Gregory R.; Liu, Hailong] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Leung, L. Ruby] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [D' Asaro, Eric] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Emanuel, Kerry A.] MIT, Program Atmospheres Oceans & Climate, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Liu, Hailong] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Zedler, Sarah E.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX USA. RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX K.B. and L.R.L. were supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. G.F. was supported by base funds to NOAA/AOML. All data and models used in this study are freely available from the web addresses given in section 2 or from karthik.balaguru@pnnl.gov upon request. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 16 BP 6739 EP 6746 DI 10.1002/2015GL064822 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CU3FY UT WOS:000363410800027 ER PT J AU Lu, K Weingartner, T Danielson, S Winsor, P Dobbins, E Martini, K Statscewich, H AF Lu, K. Weingartner, T. Danielson, S. Winsor, P. Dobbins, E. Martini, K. Statscewich, H. TI Lateral mixing across ice meltwater fronts of the Chukchi Sea shelf SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN FRONTS; EDDIES; CIRCULATION AB Summer and fall hydrographic sections in the northeastern Chukchi Sea frequently capture 5-20 m thick intrapycnocline lenses or horizontal plumes of warm, moderately salty summer Bering Sea Water flowing northward from Bering Strait. These features occur within the shallow (similar to 20m depth) pycnocline separating cold, dilute, surface meltwater from near-freezing, salty, winter-formed waters beneath the pycnocline. An idealized numerical model suggests that the features arise from eddies and meanders generated by instability of the surface front separating meltwater from Bering Sea Water. Warm Bering Sea Water is transported across the front and into the pycnocline by the cross-frontal velocities associated with the instabilities. The accompanying lateral eddy heat fluxes may be important both in summer for promoting ice melt and in fall by delaying the onset of ice formation over portions of this shelf. Lateral heat flux magnitudes depend upon the stratification of the Bering Sea Water. C1 [Lu, K.; Weingartner, T.; Danielson, S.; Winsor, P.; Dobbins, E.; Statscewich, H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Martini, K.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Martini, K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Weingartner, T (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tjweingartner@alaska.edu OI Dobbins, Elizabeth/0000-0002-4014-977X FU BOEM; U.S. Department of Interior; ConocoPhillips Alaska Company; Shell Exploration and Production Company; Statoil USA E + P, Inc.; NASA/HQ FX The CTD data sets used in this paper are archived with the authors and with NODC, the Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS), and the BOEM. This research was funded by the BOEM, U.S. Department of Interior, ConocoPhillips Alaska Company, Shell Exploration and Production Company, and Statoil USA E + P, Inc. We thank the many people who assisted in various phases of the project, especially A. Macrander, C. Rea, S. Eldoy, R. Day, J. Burns, S. Wisdom, and the officers and crews of the R/V Westward Wind and the R/V Norseman II. Computing time was provided by the Arctic Supercomputer Center at the University of Alaska. Atmospheric solar radiation measurements were provided by the DOE-ARM facility in Barrow. Figure 1 is from the Rapid Response imagery from the Land Atmosphere Near-real time Capability for EOS (LANCE) system operated by the NASA/GSFC/Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) with funding provided by NASA/HQ. The MODIS Aqua Level 3 Thermal IR Daily 4 km data were obtained through the online PO. DAAC Live Access Server (LAS) at the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO. DAAC), NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, http://thredds.jpl.nasa.gov/las/getUI. do. Comments by Knut Aagaard, Harper Simmons, Mark Johnson, and the reviewers improved the substance and clarity of the paper. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 16 BP 6754 EP 6761 DI 10.1002/2015GL064967 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CU3FY UT WOS:000363410800029 ER PT J AU Sugi, M Yoshida, K Murakami, H AF Sugi, Masato Yoshida, Kohei Murakami, Hiroyuki TI More tropical cyclones in a cooler climate? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FUTURE CHANGES; CO2 INCREASE; HURRICANES; FREQUENCY; INTENSITY; SEA; MECHANISM; MAXIMUM; CYCLE; MODEL AB Recent review papers reported that many high-resolution global climate models consistently projected a reduction of global tropical cyclone (TC) frequency in a future warmer climate, although the mechanism of the reduction is not yet fully understood. Here we present a result of 4K-cooler climate experiment. The global TC frequency significantly increases in the 4K-cooler climate compared to the present climate. This is consistent with a significant decrease in TC frequency in the 4K-warmer climate. For the mechanism of TC frequency reduction in a warmer climate, upward mass flux hypothesis and saturation deficit hypothesis have been proposed. The result of the 4K-cooler climate experiment is consistent with these two hypotheses. One very interesting point is that the experiment has clearly shown that TC genesis is possible at sea surface temperature (SST) well below 26 degrees C which has been considered as the lowest SST limit for TC genesis. C1 [Sugi, Masato; Yoshida, Kohei; Murakami, Hiroyuki] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Murakami, Hiroyuki] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Sugi, M (reprint author), Meteorol Res Inst, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. EM msugi@mri-jma.go.jp NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 16 BP 6780 EP 6784 DI 10.1002/2015GL064929 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CU3FY UT WOS:000363410800032 ER PT J AU Glenn, E Comarazamy, D Gonzalez, JE Smith, T AF Glenn, Equisha Comarazamy, Daniel Gonzalez, Jorge E. Smith, Thomas TI Detection of recent regional sea surface temperature warming in the Caribbean and surrounding region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL JET; INTRA-AMERICA SEA; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; MIDSUMMER DROUGHT; RAINFALL; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; SUMMER AB We show a sea surface temperature (SST) warming trend for the Caribbean and surrounding region over 1982-2012. Using an optimum interpolated SST product, a 30 year climatological analysis was generated to observe annual, monthly, and seasonal trends. Results show that SSTs are increasing annually for the region. For the two Caribbean rainy seasons, the Early Rainfall Season (ERS) and the Late Rainfall Season (LRS), estimated trends at 0.0161 degrees C yr(-1) and 0.0209 degrees C yr(-1) were observed, with high statistical significance. Subregional analysis revealed that warming is greatest in the Gulf of Mexico and north of South America during the ERS and LRS. Additionally, LRS averages for 1998-2012 reflect an increase in magnitude and intensity of the Atlantic Warm Pool (AWP) since the 1983-1997 period reflected in the AWP Area Index. Extreme increases/decreases in the time series show potential correlation with El Nino and the Southern Oscillation. C1 [Glenn, Equisha] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, ESES, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Comarazamy, Daniel] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, SOCD, College Pk, MD USA. [Gonzalez, Jorge E.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Gonzalez, Jorge E.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Smith, Thomas] Univ Maryland, NOAA, STAR, SCSB, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Smith, Thomas] Univ Maryland, CICS, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gonzalez, JE (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gonzalez@me.ccny.cuny.edu RI Comarazamy, Daniel/C-8246-2014; Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010; OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849; Glenn, Equisha/0000-0002-6081-6074 FU NOAA Office of Education Partnership Program [NA11SEC4810004]; U.S. Department of Education-Earth Science and Environmental Sustainability (ESES) Graduate Initiative award [P031M105066] FX This work was supported by NOAA Office of Education Partnership Program award NA11SEC4810004 and by the U.S. Department of Education-Earth Science and Environmental Sustainability (ESES) Graduate Initiative award P031M105066. The Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis Product (OISST) was acquired from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) available at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sst. The Multivariate ENSO Index data were acquired from NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory and are available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/enso/mei/. The precipitation data were acquired from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project database available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.gpcp.html. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 16 BP 6785 EP 6792 DI 10.1002/2015GL065002 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CU3FY UT WOS:000363410800033 ER PT J AU Bertrand, CE Godfrin, PD Liu, Y AF Bertrand, C. E. Godfrin, P. D. Liu, Y. TI Direct observation of critical adsorption on colloidal particles SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BINARY-LIQUID MIXTURES; AGGREGATION; SCATTERING; SYSTEMS; FORCES AB Despite the fundamental role adsorbed solvent layers play in generating critical Casimir forces between colloidal particles, the structure of these layers has yet to be directly determined. Using small-angle neutron scattering, we have measured critical adsorption on the surface of small spherical silica particles suspended in a binary mixture of lutidine and water. The surface concentration profile and excess adsorption Gamma were studied as functions of temperature at the critical concentration and three off-critical concentrations. We are able to differentiate three distinct contributions to the excess adsorption including the intrinsic shape of the concentration profile. The adsorption associated with the profile shape is found to increase monotonically with increasing 2,6-lutidine concentration and to decrease with increasing temperature, this later observation is consistent with expectations for curvature induced corrections to planar adsorption and leads to Gamma similar to |(T - T-c)/T-c|(-0.52), where T-c is the critical temperature. This scaling relation corresponds to a stronger divergence than found in the planar case, but a substantially weaker divergence than found previously. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Bertrand, C. E.; Liu, Y.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Godfrin, P. D.; Liu, Y.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Bertrand, CE (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yunliu@udel.edu RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Godfrin, Paul/P-8982-2015 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Godfrin, Paul/0000-0003-0546-0690 FU U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB10H256] FX This manuscript was prepared under Cooperative Agreement No. 70NANB10H256 for NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NIST or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 143 IS 8 AR 084704 DI 10.1063/1.4929347 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CQ5OD UT WOS:000360653900056 PM 26328864 ER PT J AU Townsend, E Debrecht, A Bryant, GW AF Townsend, Emily Debrecht, Alex Bryant, Garnett W. TI Approaching the quantum limit for nanoplasmonics SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PLASMONS; INTERFERENCE; PHOTONS AB The character of optical excitations in nanoscale and atomic-scale materials is often strongly mixed, having contributions from both single-particle transitions and collective, plasmon-like response. This complicates the quantum description of these excitations, because there is no clear way to define their quantization. To move toward a quantum theory for these optical excitations, they must first be characterized so that single-particle-like and collective, plasmon-like excitations can be identified. We show that time-dependent density functional theory can be used to make that characterization if both the charge densities induced by the excitation and the transitions that make up the excitation are analyzed. Density functional theory predicts that single-particle-like and collective excitations can coexist. Exact calculations for small nanosystems predict that single-particle excitations evolve into collective excitations as the electron-electron interaction is turned on with no indication that they coexist. These different predictions present a challenge that must be resolved to develop an understanding for quantum excitations in nanoplasmonic materials. C1 [Townsend, Emily; Debrecht, Alex; Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Townsend, Emily; Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Debrecht, Alex] Juniata Coll, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. [Bryant, Garnett W.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM garnett.bryant@nist.gov NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 21 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 30 IS 16 BP 2389 EP 2399 DI 10.1557/jmr.2015.232 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CQ5MY UT WOS:000360650200001 ER PT J AU Kalidindi, SR Gomberg, JA Trautt, ZT Becker, CA AF Kalidindi, Surya R. Gomberg, Joshua A. Trautt, Zachary T. Becker, Chandler A. TI Application of data science tools to quantify and distinguish between structures and models in molecular dynamics datasets SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiscale modeling; principal component analysis; molecular dynamics ID INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS APPROPRIATE; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; FUEL-CELL MATERIALS; AL-MG ALLOYS; LOCALIZATION RELATIONSHIPS; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; MICROSTRUCTURE RECONSTRUCTIONS; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; 2-POINT STATISTICS; FOURIER-TRANSFORMS AB Structure quantification is key to successful mining and extraction of core materials knowledge from both multiscale simulations as well as multiscale experiments. The main challenge stems from the need to transform the inherently high dimensional representations demanded by the rich hierarchical material structure into useful, high value, low dimensional representations. In this paper, we develop and demonstrate the merits of a data-driven approach for addressing this challenge at the atomic scale. The approach presented here is built on prior successes demonstrated for mesoscale representations of material internal structure, and involves three main steps: (i) digital representation of the material structure, (ii) extraction of a comprehensive set of structure measures using the framework of n-point spatial correlations, and (iii) identification of data-driven low dimensional measures using principal component analyses. These novel protocols, applied on an ensemble of structure datasets output from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, have successfully classified the datasets based on several model input parameters such as the interatomic potential and the temperature used in the MD simulations. C1 [Kalidindi, Surya R.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kalidindi, Surya R.; Gomberg, Joshua A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Trautt, Zachary T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Becker, Chandler A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kalidindi, SR (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM surya.kalidindi@me.gatech.edu OI Kalidindi, Surya/0000-0001-6909-7507 FU NIST [70NANB14H191]; NIST Materials Genome Initiative program FX SRK and JAG acknowledge support from NIST 70NANB14H191. ZTT and CAB acknowledge support from the NIST Materials Genome Initiative program. No approval or endorsement of any commercial product by NIST is intended or implied. Certain commercial software systems are identified in this paper to facilitate understanding. Such identification does not imply that these software systems are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 109 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 29 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 26 IS 34 AR 344006 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/26/34/344006 PG 15 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CO3SK UT WOS:000359079500007 PM 26235174 ER PT J AU Lee, J Grover, JA Hoffman, JE Orozco, LA Rolston, SL AF Lee, J. Grover, J. A. Hoffman, J. E. Orozco, L. A. Rolston, S. L. TI Inhomogeneous broadening of optical transitions of Rb-87 atoms in an optical nanofiber trap SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE nanofiber atom trap; nanofiber optical lattice; inhomogeneous broadening of optical transition AB We experimentally demonstrate optical trapping of Rb-87 atoms using a two-color evanescent field around an optical nanofiber. In our trapping geometry, a blue-detuned traveling wave whose polarization is nearly parallel to the polarization of a red-detuned standing wave produces significant vector light shifts that lead to broadening of the absorption profile of a near-resonant beam at the trapping site. A model that includes scalar, vector, and tensor light shifts of the probe transition 5S(1/2)-5P(3/2) from the trapping beams, weighted by the temperature-dependent position of the atoms in the trap, qualitatively describes the observed asymmetric profile and explains differences with previous experiments that used Cs atoms. The model provides a consistent way to extract the number of atoms in the trap. C1 [Lee, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rolston@umd.edu RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU NSF PFC@JQI; ARO Atomtronics MURI FX This work was funded by NSF PFC@JQI and ARO Atomtronics MURI. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 16 SI SI AR 165004 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/48/16/165004 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CN7OI UT WOS:000358623500009 ER PT J AU Gill, EC Rajagopalan, B Molnar, P AF Gill, Emily C. Rajagopalan, Balaji Molnar, Peter TI Subseasonal variations in spatial signatures of ENSO on the Indian summer monsoon from 1901 to 2009 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; EL-NINO; OCEAN DIPOLE; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; RAINFALL; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; SIMULATION; IMPACTS AB Correlations of 1 degrees by 1 degrees seasonal rainfall with Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) reveal spatially distinct teleconnections between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian summer monsoon rainfall over the full monsoon season, as well as three subseasons. Over the full season (June-September), Pacific SSTs correlate with rainfall in Western India more than that in Eastern India. This spatial signature shifts as the monsoon progresses through early (June), middle or peak (July-August), and late (September) subseasons. Specifically, a 1 degrees C cooling of the central equatorial Pacific (i.e., La Nina conditions) can result in the following: similar to 70-100% increase in precipitation in north central Indian and the Indo-Gangetic Plains during the early season, similar to 30-80% increase peak season precipitation in south central India and northwestern Rajasthan, and similar to 60-100% increase in late season precipitation in northern, northwestern, and central India. Furthermore, the spatial signatures between La Nina and El Nino are asymmetric in that for a particular location, the enhancement and suppression of rainfall associated with La Nina and El Nino conditions, respectively, are not equal. El Nino suppresses peak season rainfall in the south central and northwestern Rajasthan regions more than La Nina enhances it, but the opposite occurs during the late season in northern, northwestern, and central India. Additionally, the correspondence of minima (maxima) in anomalies of velocity potential aloft with maxima (minima) at 925 mb and with positive (negative) surface pressure anomalies suggests that anomalous subsidence (ascent) occurs in July-September during El Nino (La Nina) times. In the early season, however, patterns of velocity potential composites suggest a region of descent (ascent) over the western equatorial Indian Ocean, along with a region of ascent (descent) over the Indian subcontinent that exists only during the early season but not during the peak or late season. These patterns are consistent with the hypothesis that local Hadley cell circulation affects pressure and thus rainfall during the early season but that a larger-scale mechanism, such as eastward or westward shifts in the Walker circulation, may be more responsible for teleconnections seen throughout the remainder of the season. These findings indicate that focusing monsoon forecasting efforts on these regions and on subseasonal periods while incorporating ENSO asymmetries will yield useful and skillful regional forecasts, compared to the declining utility and skill of all-India summer monsoon rainfall. C1 [Gill, Emily C.; Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gill, Emily C.; Rajagopalan, Balaji; Molnar, Peter] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Molnar, Peter] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gill, EC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM emily.gill@colorado.edu RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1211378]; CIRES FX We were stimulated by discussions with S. Gadgil and M. Cane. Three anonymous reviewers offered much constructive criticism of the manuscript. The research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant EAR-1211378. Funding from CIRES via a graduate research fellowship for the first author is thankfully acknowledged. Data used for this study can be found on the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory's IRI Data Library. For further clarification on data used and data analysis, please contact the corresponding author, Emily C. Gill. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 16 BP 8165 EP 8185 DI 10.1002/2015JD023184 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU3KX UT WOS:000363425200010 ER PT J AU Yang, Q Easter, RC Campuzano-Jost, P Jimenez, JL Fast, JD Ghan, SJ Wang, HL Berg, LK Barth, MC Liu, Y Shrivastava, MB Singh, B Morrison, H Fan, JW Ziegler, CL Bela, M Apel, E Diskin, GS Mikoviny, T Wisthaler, A AF Yang, Qing Easter, Richard C. Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Jimenez, Jose L. Fast, Jerome D. Ghan, Steven J. Wang, Hailong Berg, Larry K. Barth, Mary C. Liu, Ying Shrivastava, Manishkumar B. Singh, Balwinder Morrison, Hugh Fan, Jiwen Ziegler, Conrad L. Bela, Megan Apel, Eric Diskin, Glenn S. Mikoviny, Tomas Wisthaler, Armin TI Aerosol transport and wet scavenging in deep convective clouds: A case study and model evaluation using a multiple passive tracer analysis approach SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED SQUALL LINE; WRF-CHEM; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; SPECTRUM FORMATION; MASS-SPECTROMETER; SOUTHEAST PACIFIC; REGIONAL AEROSOL; CUMULUS CLOUDS; CLIMATE MODEL; VOCALS-REX AB Wet scavenging of aerosols by continental deep convective clouds is studied for a supercell storm complex observed over Oklahoma during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry campaign. A new passive-tracer-based transport analysis framework is developed to characterize convective transport using vertical profiles of several passive trace gases. For this case, the analysis estimates that observed passive gas mixing ratios in the upper troposphere convective outflow consist of 47% low level (<3km) inflow air, 32% entrained midtroposphere air, and 21% upper troposphere air. The new analysis framework is used to estimate aerosol wet scavenging efficiencies. Observations yield high overall scavenging efficiencies of 81% for submicron aerosol mass. Organic, sulfate, and ammonium aerosols have similar wet scavenging efficiencies (80%-84%). The apparent scavenging efficiency for nitrate aerosol is much lower (57%), but the scavenging efficiency for nitrate aerosol plus nitric acid combined (84%) is close to the other species. Scavenging efficiencies for aerosol number are high for larger particles (84% for 0.15-2.5 mu m diameter) but are lower for smaller particles (64% for 0.03-0.15 mu m). The storm is simulated using the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Compared to the observation-based analysis, the standard model strongly underestimates aerosol scavenging efficiencies by 32% and 41% in absolute differences for submicron mass and number. Adding a new treatment of secondary activation significantly improves simulated aerosol scavenging, producing wet scavenging efficiencies that are only 7% and 8% lower than observed efficiencies. This finding emphasizes the importance of secondary activation for aerosol wet removal in deep convective storms. C1 [Yang, Qing; Easter, Richard C.; Fast, Jerome D.; Ghan, Steven J.; Wang, Hailong; Berg, Larry K.; Liu, Ying; Shrivastava, Manishkumar B.; Singh, Balwinder; Fan, Jiwen] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Jimenez, Jose L.; Bela, Megan] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Jimenez, Jose L.; Bela, Megan] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barth, Mary C.; Morrison, Hugh; Apel, Eric] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ziegler, Conrad L.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Diskin, Glenn S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Mikoviny, Tomas] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Yang, Q (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM qing.yang@pnnl.gov RI Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016; Yang, Qing/H-3275-2011; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Fan, Jiwen/E-9138-2011 OI Wang, Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492; Yang, Qing/0000-0003-2067-5999; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric System Research Program; NASA [NNX12AC03G]; NSF [AGS-1360834, AGS-1063945]; Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG); NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP); National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX The DC3 data set is available to download from the NASA LARC site: https://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ArcView/dc3-seac4rs#3. The modeling data are available by contacting the corresponding author at qing.yang@pnnl.gov. This research was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric System Research Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. We thank Elaine Chapman for providing helpful editorial comments. We would like to express our gratitude toward Anderson Bruce, Lee Thornhill, and Gao Chen from NASA Langley; Allen Schanot and Jorgen Jensen from UCAR; Sara Lance and Paul Lawson from SPEC, Inc., and Milos Markovic from CIRES for providing the valuable measurement data and/or for their guidance on the processing of the data. We thank Zhe Feng at PNNL and Xiquan Dong at the University of North Dakota for providing access to the data set. P.C.J. and J.L.J. were supported by NASA NNX12AC03G and NSF AGS-1360834. Acetone and benzene measurements on the DC8 were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). T.M. acknowledges funding through the NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP). The Mosaic NEXRAD radar data set is produced by the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) National Mosaic and QPE Project (now Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor, or http://nmq.ou.edu). The NSSL mobile environmental soundings were obtained during DC3 with support from NSF grant AGS-1063945. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration are gratefully acknowledged for sponsoring the DC3 field experiment. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 16 BP 8448 EP 8468 DI 10.1002/2015JD023647 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU3KX UT WOS:000363425200027 ER PT J AU Liaskos, CE Allen, DJ Pickering, KE AF Liaskos, Christina E. Allen, Dale J. Pickering, Kenneth E. TI Sensitivity of tropical tropospheric composition to lightning NOx production as determined by replay simulations with GEOS-5 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL TRANSIENT DETECTOR; OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; NITROGEN-OXIDES; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; TRANSPORT MODELS; GENERATED NOX; CMAQ MODEL; STERAO-A AB The sensitivity of tropical tropospheric composition to the source strength of nitrogen oxides (NOx) produced by lightning (LNOx) is analyzed for September through November 2007 using the NASA GEOS-5 model constrained by MERRA fields, with full GMI stratospheric-tropospheric chemistry and an LNOx algorithm that is appropriate for use in a climate modeling setting; satellite retrievals from OMI, TES, and OMI/MLS; and in situ measurements from SHADOZ ozonesondes. Global mean LNOx production rates of 0 to 492 mol NO flash(-1) and the subsequent responses of NOx, ozone (O-3), hydroxyl radical (OH), nitric acid (HNO3), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), and NOy (NOx + HNO3 + PAN) are investigated. The radiative implications associated with LNOx-induced changes in tropospheric O-3 are assessed. Increasing the LNOx production rate by a factor of 4 (from 123 to 492 mol flash(-1)) leads to tropical upper tropospheric enhancements of greater than 100% in NOx, OH, HNO3, and PAN. This increase in LNOx production also leads to O-3 enhancements of up to 60%, which subsequently yields a factor-of-three increase in the mean net radiative flux at the tropopause. An LNOx source of 246 mol flash(-1) agrees reasonably well with measurements, with an approximate factor-of-two uncertainty due to the short length of the study, inconsistencies in the observational data sets, and systematic biases in modeled LNOx production. Further research into the regional dependencies of lightning flash rates and LNOx production per flash, along with improvements in satellite retrievals, should help resolve the discrepancies that currently exist between the model and observations. C1 [Liaskos, Christina E.; Allen, Dale J.; Pickering, Kenneth E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pickering, Kenneth E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Liaskos, CE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christina.liaskos@nist.gov RI Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Allen, Dale/F-7168-2010 OI Allen, Dale/0000-0003-3305-9669 FU NASA Modeling and Analysis Program [NASA/NNX09AJ37G]; NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program FX The data used for the results of this paper are available from the author upon request. This work was supported by NASA Modeling and Analysis Program grant NASA/NNX09AJ37G. The GEOS-5 model system is developed and maintained in the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office at NASA GSFC under funding from NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program. The CCM is a joint development, led by the Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory and the GMAO. Simulations are performed on the High-Performance Computing environment at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at NASA GSFC. We appreciate the contributions of many GMAO staff toward the development of GEOS-5. In particular, Eric Nielsen was instrumental in both the development of the coupled chemistry capability and in the implementation of the lightning parameterization that is the subject of this manuscript. Andrea Molod directed the GEOS-5 GCM simulations that provided training data for the flash rate parameterization and helped interpret the output. Lawrence Takacs, Max Suarez, Arlindo DaSilva, and Atanas Tryanov were all instrumental in the development of the GEOS-5 replay capability. The feedback based on the analysis of the transport of tracers, performed by Lesley Ott, aided in the understanding of model errors which led to improvements in tracer transport. We also gratefully acknowledge the contributions to the GEOS-5 infrastructure of Atanas Tryanov, Matt Thompson, and Ben Auer, which made the AGCM tractable and portable to different platforms. We thank X. Liu for providing the OMI level-2 ozone profile data sets, and we thank J. Ziemke for the OMI/MLS tropospheric column ozone data product. NR 87 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 16 BP 8512 EP 8534 DI 10.1002/2014JD022987 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU3KX UT WOS:000363425200030 ER PT J AU Disseler, SM Luo, X Gao, B Oh, YS Hu, RW Wang, YZ Quintana, D Zhang, A Huang, QZ Lau, JN Paul, R Lynn, JW Cheong, SW Ratcliff, W AF Disseler, Steven M. Luo, Xuan Gao, Bin Oh, Yoon Seok Hu, Rongwei Wang, Yazhong Quintana, Dylan Zhang, Alexander Huang, Qingzhen Lau, June Paul, Rick Lynn, Jeffrey W. Cheong, Sang-Wook Ratcliff, William, II TI Multiferroicity in doped hexagonal LuFeO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; YMNO3; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TEMPERATURE; CRYSTAL; RMNO3 AB The hexagonal phase of LuFeO3 is a rare example of a multiferroic material possessing a weak ferromagnetic moment, which is predicted to be switchable by an electric field. We stabilize this structure in bulk form though Mn and Sc doping, and determine the complete magnetic and crystallographic structures using neutron-scattering and magnetometry techniques. The ferroelectric P6(3)cm space group is found to be stable over a wide concentration range, ordering antiferromagnetically with Neel temperatures that smoothly increase following the ratio of c to a (c/a) lattice parameters up to 172 K, the highest found in this class of materials to date. The magnetic structure for a range of temperatures and dopings is consistent with recent studies of high quality epitaxial films of pure hexagonal LuFeO3 including a ferromagnetic moment parallel to the ferroelectric axis. We propose a mechanism by which room-temperature multiferroicity could be achieved in this class of materials. C1 [Disseler, Steven M.; Zhang, Alexander; Huang, Qingzhen; Paul, Rick; Lynn, Jeffrey W.; Ratcliff, William, II] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Luo, Xuan; Cheong, Sang-Wook] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Lab Pohang Emergent Mat, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Luo, Xuan; Cheong, Sang-Wook] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Max Plank POSTECH Ctr Complex Phase Mat, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Gao, Bin; Oh, Yoon Seok; Hu, Rongwei; Wang, Yazhong; Cheong, Sang-Wook] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Gao, Bin; Oh, Yoon Seok; Hu, Rongwei; Wang, Yazhong; Cheong, Sang-Wook] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Oh, Yoon Seok] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. [Quintana, Dylan] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Lau, June] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Alexander] Blair High Sch, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. RP Disseler, SM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Oh, Yoon Seok/A-1071-2011 OI Oh, Yoon Seok/0000-0001-8233-1898 FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46382]; Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative Program through NRF of Korea - MEST [2011-0031558]; National Research Council FX Work at Rutgers University was supported by the DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46382, and work at Postech was supported by the Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative Program (Grant No. 2011-0031558) through NRF of Korea funded by MEST. S.M.D. acknowledges the support of a National Research Council NIST postdoctoral research associateship. We acknowledge useful conversations with H. Das and C. Fennie. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 16 U2 74 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 27 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 5 AR 054435 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.054435 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CS6PG UT WOS:000362202200002 ER PT J AU Schroeder, CA Caycedo-Soler, F Huelga, SF Plenio, MB AF Schroeder, Christopher A. Caycedo-Soler, Felipe Huelga, Susana F. Plenio, Martin B. TI Optical Signatures of Quantum Delocalization over Extended Domains in Photosynthetic Membranes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; PICOSECOND ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; PIGMENT-PROTEIN COMPLEXES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM; PURPLE BACTERIA; LOW-TEMPERATURE; EXCITON DELOCALIZATION; ANTENNA COMPLEXES AB The prospect of coherent dynamics and excitonic delocalization across several light-harvesting structures in photosynthetic membranes is of considerable interest, but challenging to explore experimentally. Here we demonstrate theoretically that the excitonic delocalization across extended domains involving several light-harvesting complexes can lead to unambiguous signatures in the optical response, specifically, linear absorption spectra. We characterize, under experimentally established conditions of molecular assembly and protein-induced inhomogeneities, the optical absorption in these arrays from polarized and unpolarized excitation, and demonstrate that it can be used as a diagnostic tool to determine the resonance coupling between iso-energetic light-harvesting structures. The knowledge of these couplings would then provide further insight into the dynamical properties of transfer, such as facilitating the accurate determination of Forster rates. C1 [Schroeder, Christopher A.; Caycedo-Soler, Felipe; Huelga, Susana F.; Plenio, Martin B.] Univ Ulm, Inst Theoret Phys, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Schroeder, Christopher A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schroeder, Christopher A.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Plenio, MB (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Theoret Phys, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM martin.plenio@uni-ulm.de RI Plenio, Martin/I-7895-2013 FU EU STREP projects PAPETS and QUCHIP; ERC Synergy grant BioQ; Alexander von Humboldt Professorship; National Science Foundation through PFC@JQI; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE-1322106] FX This work was funded by the EU STREP projects PAPETS and QUCHIP, the ERC Synergy grant BioQ and an Alexander von Humboldt Professorship. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation through PFC@JQI and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under DGE-1322106. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions and recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The authors would like to thank R. Ghosh (University of Stuttgart), F. Jelezko (University of Ulm) and Shai Machnes (Weizmann Institute, Israel) for discussion at early stages of this work, and R. Ghosh for experimental data and a careful and critical reading of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 27 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 34 BP 9043 EP 9050 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04804 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CQ2FN UT WOS:000360415400009 PM 26256512 ER PT J AU Winter, AD Czanikova, K Larios, E Vishnyakov, V Jaye, C Fischer, DA Omastova, M Campo, EM AF Winter, Allen D. Czanikova, Klaudia Larios, Eduardo Vishnyakov, Vladimir Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Omastova, Maria Campo, Eva M. TI Interface Dynamics in Strained Polymer Nanocomposites: Stick Slip Wrapping as a Prelude to Mechanical Backbone Twisting Derived from Sonication-Induced Amorphization SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; COMPOSITES; FILMS; DISPERSION; STRENGTH AB In this paper, we examine the effects of excessive sonication during surfactant-assisted. multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) dispersion in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) by way of monitoring molecular arrangements upon progressive straining. Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy confirms the structural damage on the graphitic layers upon prolonged sonication. The resulting lack on MVVCNT alignment is shown by atomic force microscopy. Further, molecular interface dynamics in progressively strained EVAIMVVCNT composites have been studied through Raman and NEXAFS spectroscopies. NEXAFS spectra have identified graphitic amorphization and further Cvacancy rehybriclization by way of hydrogen passivation as the damage mechanism to the graphitic structure upon sonication. In this scheme, MWCNTs did not align despite the range of composite strains discussed due to stick and slip dynamics of surrounding EVA. Ultimately, damaged MVVCNTs rendered the necessary dispersant pi-pi interactions suboptimal and insufficient for nanomechanically interlocked polymer filler interactions. Remarkably, upon large strains, polymer chains are seen to unlatch from the MWCNT and undergo mechanically induced backbone twisting. The possibility of mechanically induced backbone twisting might -offer alternative processing routes in photovoltaic systems, where chemically induced conjugated backbone twisting yields increased power conversion efficiency. C1 [Winter, Allen D.; Campo, Eva M.] Bangor Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Bangor LL57 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. [Czanikova, Klaudia; Omastova, Maria] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Polymer, SK-84541 Bratislava, Slovakia. [Larios, Eduardo; Campo, Eva M.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX USA. [Vishnyakov, Vladimir] Univ Huddersfield, Sch Comp & Engn, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, England. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Campo, EM (reprint author), Bangor Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Bangor LL57 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. EM e.campo@bangor.ac.uk FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; FP7VEGA [2/0149/14]; National Center for Research Resources from the National Institutes of Health [5 G12RR013646-12]; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities from the National Institutes of Health [G12MD007591]; NSF [DMR-1103730]; PREM: NSF PREM Grant [DMR 0934218]; [NMP 22896] FX Research was carried out in part at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. This project was partially funded by FP7VEGA 2/0149/14, NMP 22896, the National Center for Research Resources (5 G12RR013646-12) and the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (G12MD007591) from the National Institutes of Health. The authors would like to acknowledge NSF for support with Grant DMR-1103730, "Alloys at the Nanoscale: The Case of Nanoparticles Second Phase", and PREM: NSF PREM Grant No. DMR 0934218. Certain commercial names are presented in this manuscript for purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 27 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 34 BP 20091 EP 20099 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b04773 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ2FP UT WOS:000360415700063 ER PT J AU AghaKouchak, A Feldman, D Hoerling, M Huxman, T Lund, J AF AghaKouchak, Amir Feldman, David Hoerling, Martin Huxman, Travis Lund, Jay TI Recognize anthropogenic drought SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CALIFORNIA C1 [AghaKouchak, Amir] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Hydrol & Remote Sensing, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Feldman, David] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Planning Policy & Design, Irvine, CA USA. [Hoerling, Martin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Huxman, Travis] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Lund, Jay] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP AghaKouchak, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Hydrol & Remote Sensing, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM amir.a@uci.edu NR 10 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 18 U2 75 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 27 PY 2015 VL 524 IS 7566 BP 409 EP 411 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CP7LN UT WOS:000360069300014 PM 26310750 ER PT J AU Cargnello, M Johnston-Peck, AC Diroll, BT Wong, E Datta, B Damodhar, D Doan-Nguyen, VVT Herzing, AA Kagan, CR Murray, CB AF Cargnello, Matteo Johnston-Peck, Aaron C. Diroll, Benjamin T. Wong, Eric Datta, Bianca Damodhar, Divij Doan-Nguyen, Vicky V. T. Herzing, Andrew A. Kagan, Cherie R. Murray, Christopher B. TI Substitutional doping in nanocrystal superlattices SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-AIR INTERFACE; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; COLLOIDAL NANOCRYSTALS; METAL TRANSITION; NANOPARTICLES; FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY; THRESHOLD; SOLIDS; OXIDES AB Doping is a process in which atomic impurities are intentionally added to a host material to modify its properties. It has had a revolutionary impact in altering or introducing electronic(1,2), magnetic(3,4), luminescent(5,6), and catalytic(7) properties for several applications, for example in semiconductors. Here we explore and demonstrate the extension of the concept of substitutional atomic doping to nanometre-scale crystal doping, in which one nanocrystal is used to replace another to form doped self-assembled superlattices. Towards this goal, we show that gold nanocrystals act as substitutional dopants in superlattices of cadmium selenide or lead selenide nanocrystals when the size of the gold nanocrystal is very close to that of the host. The gold nanocrystals occupy random positions in the superlattice and their density is readily and widely controllable, analogous to the case of atomic doping, but here through nanocrystal self-assembly. We also show that the electronic properties of the superlattices are highly tunable and strongly affected by the presence and density of the gold nanocrystal dopants. The conductivity of lead selenide films, for example, can be manipulated over at least six orders of magnitude by the addition of gold nanocrystals and is explained by a percolation model. As this process relies on the self-assembly of uniform nanocrystals, it can be generally applied to assemble a wide variety of nanocrystal-doped structures for electronic, optical, magnetic, and catalytic materials. C1 [Cargnello, Matteo; Diroll, Benjamin T.; Kagan, Cherie R.; Murray, Christopher B.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Johnston-Peck, Aaron C.; Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wong, Eric] Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Datta, Bianca; Damodhar, Divij; Doan-Nguyen, Vicky V. T.; Kagan, Cherie R.; Murray, Christopher B.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Murray, CB (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM cbmurray@sas.upenn.edu OI Cargnello, Matteo/0000-0002-7344-9031 FU Office of Naval Research MURI program [ONR-N00014-10-1-0942]; US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-SC0002158]; National Research Council; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012704]; Richard Perry University Professorship FX We thank Y. Lai and D. Straus (University of Pennsylvania) for discussions about electrical characterization. This work received primary support from the Office of Naval Research MURI program(award number ONR-N00014-10-1-0942) for the development of the multicomponent assembly techniques, and secondary support from the US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering (award number DE-SC0002158) for the development of the semiconductor nanocrystal chemistry and the characterization of electrical conductivity. Electron microscopy research was performed while A.C.J.-P. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We thank K. Yager (Brookhaven National Laboratory) for help with SAXS experiments. Work performed at the National Synchrotron Light Source I (Brookhaven National Laboratory) was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-SC0012704. C.R.K. thanks the Stephen J. Angello Professorship for support. C.B.M. is grateful for the support of the Richard Perry University Professorship. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 31 U2 185 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 27 PY 2015 VL 524 IS 7566 BP 450 EP + DI 10.1038/nature14872 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CP7LN UT WOS:000360069300034 PM 26310766 ER PT J AU Martin, TB Mongcopa, KIS Ashkar, R Butler, P Krishnamoorti, R Jayaraman, A AF Martin, Tyler B. Mongcopa, Katrina Irene S. Ashkar, Rana Butler, Paul Krishnamoorti, Ramanan Jayaraman, Arthi TI Wetting-Dewetting and Dispersion Aggregation Transitions Are Distinct for Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles in Chemically Dissimilar Polymer Matrix SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; NANOCOMPOSITES; CHAIN; BRUSH; SIMULATION; HOMOPOLYMER AB Simulations and experiments are conducted on mixtures containing polymer grafted nanoparticles in a chemically distinct polymer matrix, where the graft and matrix polymers exhibit attractive enthalpic interactions at low temperatures that become progressively repulsive as temperature is increased. Both coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, and X-ray scattering and neutron scattering experiments with deuterated polystyrene (dPS) grafted silica and poly(vinyl methyl ether) PVME matrix show that the sharp phase transition from (mixed) dispersed to (demixed) aggregated morphologies due to the increasingly repulsive effective interactions between the blend components is distinct from the continuous wetting-dewetting transition. Strikingly, this is unlike the extensively studied chemically identical graft-matrix composites, where the two transitions have been considered to be synonymous, and is also unlike the free (ungrafted) blends of the same graft and matrix homopolymers, where the wetting-dewetting is a sharp transition coinciding with the macrophase separation. C1 [Martin, Tyler B.; Jayaraman, Arthi] Univ Delaware, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Jayaraman, Arthi] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Martin, Tyler B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mongcopa, Katrina Irene S.] Univ Houston, Dept Mat Engn, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Krishnamoorti, Ramanan] Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Dept Petr Engn, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Ashkar, Rana; Butler, Paul] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ashkar, Rana] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Krishnamoorti, R (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Dept Petr Engn, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM ramanan@uh.edu; arthij@udel.edu RI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/F-7914-2011; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; OI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/0000-0001-5831-502X; Ashkar, Rana/0000-0003-4075-2330 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0003912]; NSF graduate fellowship [DGE 1144083]; ExxonMobil Chemical Company; National Science Foundation [NSF DMR 1040446, DMR-0944772] FX A.J. acknowledges financial support from U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-SC0003912 and T.B.M. acknowledges financial support from NSF graduate fellowship (award number DGE 1144083). R.K. and K.I.S.M. acknowledge financial support from ExxonMobil Chemical Company. We acknowledge B. Natarajan for assistance with the TEM images. SAXS data were obtained using an instrument obtained on a National Science Foundation (NSF DMR 1040446) funded instrument. This work used NERSC supercomputing supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02- 05CH11231), the Farber supercomputer at University of Delaware, and the Opuntia supercomputer at University of Houston. This work utilized the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0944772. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 26 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 33 BP 10624 EP 10631 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b05291 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CQ0XF UT WOS:000360321100033 PM 26237522 ER PT J AU Hulvey, Z Vlaisavljevich, B Mason, JA Tsivion, E Dougherty, TP Bloch, ED Head-Gordon, M Smit, B Long, JR Brown, CM AF Hulvey, Zeric Vlaisavljevich, Bess Mason, Jarad A. Tsivion, Ehud Dougherty, Timothy P. Bloch, Eric D. Head-Gordon, Martin Smit, Berend Long, Jeffrey R. Brown, Craig M. TI Critical Factors Driving the High Volumetric Uptake of Methane in Cu-3(btc)(2) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SITU NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; NANOPOROUS MATERIALS; POROUS MATERIALS; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; COORDINATION SITES; GAS-STORAGE; SEPARATION; DESIGN AB A thorough experimental and computational study has been carried out to elucidate the mechanistic reasons for the high volumetric uptake of methane in the metal-organic framework Cu-3(btc)(2) (btc(3-) = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate; HKUST-1). Methane adsorption data measured at several temperatures for Cu-3(btc)(2), and its isostructural analogue Cr-3(btc)(2), show that there is little difference in volumetric adsorption capacity when the metal center is changed. In situ neutron powder diffraction data obtained for both materials were used to locate four CD4 adsorption sites that fill sequentially. This data unequivocally shows that primary adsorption sites around, and within, the small octahedral cage in the structure are favored over the exposed Cu2+ or Cr2+ cations. These results are supported by an exhaustive parallel computational study, and contradict results recently reported using a time-resolved diffraction structure envelope (TRDSE) method. Moreover, the computational study reveals that strong methane binding at the open metal sites is largely due to methane-methane interactions with adjacent molecules adsorbed at the primary sites instead of an electronic interaction with the metal center. Simulated methane adsorption isotherms for Cu-3(btc)(2) are shown to exhibit excellent agreement with experimental isotherms, allowing for additional simulations that show that modifications to the metal center, ligand, or even tuning the overall binding enthalpy would not improve the working capacity for methane storage over that measured for Cu-3(btc)(2) itself. C1 [Hulvey, Zeric; Dougherty, Timothy P.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hulvey, Zeric] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vlaisavljevich, Bess; Smit, Berend] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mason, Jarad A.; Tsivion, Ehud; Bloch, Eric D.; Head-Gordon, Martin; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tsivion, Ehud; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dougherty, Timothy P.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Smit, Berend] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Sci & Ingn Chim, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Hulvey, Z (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zeric.hulvey@nist.gov; craig.brown@nist.gov RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Smit, Berend/B-7580-2009; Vlaisavljevich, Bess/Q-9737-2016 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Smit, Berend/0000-0003-4653-8562; Vlaisavljevich, Bess/0000-0001-6065-0732 FU Nanoporous Materials Genome Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-FG02-12ER16362]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001015]; NIST/NSF REU Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) - Center for High Resolution Neutron Scattering (CHRNS) [DMR-09414772]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Prof. Efrain Rodriguez for assistance with the synthesis of Cr3(btc)2 and Dr. Matthew Hudson for assistance with neutron powder diffraction experiments. Gas adsorption measurements were supported by the Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, which is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences under Award DE-FG02-12ER16362. Computational efforts were supported by the Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Award DE-SC0001015. T.P.D. was supported through the NIST/NSF REU Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) funded through the Center for High Resolution Neutron Scattering (CHRNS) DMR-09414772. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 69 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 26 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 33 BP 10816 EP 10825 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b06657 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CQ0XF UT WOS:000360321100055 PM 26263038 ER PT J AU Jachymski, K Julienne, PS AF Jachymski, Krzysztof Julienne, Paul S. TI Chaotic scattering in the presence of a dense set of overlapping Feshbach resonances SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD COLLISIONS; RANDOM MATRICES; ENERGY-LEVELS; MOLECULES; PHYSICS; ATOMS; GAS; SPECTRA; SYSTEMS AB Complex quantum systems consisting of large numbers of strongly coupled states exhibit characteristic level repulsion, leading to a non-Poisson spacing distribution which can be described by random matrix theory. Scattering resonances observed in ultracold atomic and molecular systems exhibit similar features as a consequence of their energy level structure. We study how the overlap between Feshbach resonances affects the distribution of resonance spacings. The spectrum of strongly overlapping resonances turns out to be non-Poisson even when the assumptions of random matrix theory are not fulfilled, but the spectrum is also not completely chaotic and tends towards being semi-Poisson. C1 [Jachymski, Krzysztof] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jachymski, K (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, Pasteura 5, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. OI Jachymski, Krzysztof/0000-0002-9080-0989; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU Foundation for Polish Science START programme; EU European Regional Development Fund; National Center for Science Grant [DEC-2013/09/N/ST2/02188] FX This work was supported by the Foundation for Polish Science START programme, International PhD Projects Programme cofinanced by the EU European Regional Development Fund and National Center for Science Grant No. DEC-2013/09/N/ST2/02188. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 26 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 2 AR 020702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.020702 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CP7JL UT WOS:000360063100001 ER PT J AU Scott, DR Silin, V Nanda, H AF Scott, Daniel R. Silin, Vitalii Nanda, Hirsh TI Reconstitution of Functionalized Transmembrane Domains of Receptor Proteins into Biomimetic Membranes SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; SECONDARY STRUCTURE ANALYSES; EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; AMANTADINE BINDING; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; INFLUENZA-A; STREPTAVIDIN; PEPTIDE; COMPLEX; NMR AB For integral membrane proteins, an assessment of their structures and interactions within a biomimetic lipid bilayer environment is critical for evaluating their cellular function. Hydrophobic sequences prevalent within transmembrane domains, however, make these proteins susceptible to aggregation and, thus, create difficulties in examining their structural and functional properties via canonical techniques. Working exclusively with single-pass transmembrane (TM) segments of bitopic membrane proteins, in the form of soluble peptides, bypasses many of the pitfalls of full-length protein preparations while allowing for the opportunity to examine the properties of TM domains within biomimetic membrane environments. In this study, peptides mimicking the TM domains of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and CD4 co-receptor, both cell-signaling surface receptors, have been reconstituted into 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) lipid bilayers. The formation of their native a-helical structures within vesicle membranes was observed from circular dichroism, and full partition of the peptides into the membrane was demonstrated by tryptophan fluorescence and neutron reflectivity (NR). Using an engineered planar lipid bilayer system ideal for surface characterization methods, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and NR, the TM peptides, functionalized with a N-terminal biotin tag, proved capable of "activating" a membrane surface, as evidenced by the capture of streptavidin. On the basis of these initial assessments, we anticipate these membrane-bound peptides will provide a versatile platform for understanding the intricate roles of receptor TM domains in cell signaling. C1 [Scott, Daniel R.; Nanda, Hirsh] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Scott, Daniel R.; Silin, Vitalii] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Scott, DR (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.scott@nist.gov FU Department of Commerce (MSE) [70NANB12H239]; Department of Commerce (NIST IMS) FX This work was funded in part by the Department of Commerce (MSE 70NANB12H239 and the NIST IMS program "Precision Measurements for Integral Membrane Proteins") and performed in part at the NIST Center for Neutron Research. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 25 PY 2015 VL 31 IS 33 BP 9115 EP 9124 DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01990 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CQ0YH UT WOS:000360324000017 PM 26221793 ER PT J AU Zhou, C Toombes, GES Wasbrough, MJ Hillmyer, MA Lodge, TP AF Zhou, Can Toombes, Gilman E. S. Wasbrough, Matthew J. Hillmyer, Marc A. Lodge, Timothy P. TI Structure of Two-Compartment Hydrogels from Thermoresponsive ABC Triblock Terpolymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; BLOCK-COPOLYMER MICELLES; SEGMENTED WORMLIKE MICELLES; MULTICOMPARTMENT MICELLES; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; POLYMER MICELLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; SCATTERING; MIXTURES AB Aqueous dispersions of a poly(ethylene-alt-propylene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PON) triblock terpolymer with block molecular weights of 3 000-25 000-10 000 and polymer concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 wt % were investigated at several temperatures from 25 to SS degrees C using cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The cryo-SEM and cryo-TEM micrographs revealed that PUN triblock terpolymer self-assembled into spherical micelles with PEP cores and PEO-PNIPAm coronae at room temperature and subsequently formed a twocompartment micellar network consisting of distinct spherical PEP and PNIPAm cores upon heating above the critical gelation temperature (42 degrees C). The formation of two discrete spherical PEP and PNIPAm hydrophobic domains was supported by detailed SANS analysis of the PUN triblock samples in D2O, as the resulting intensity profiles can be successfully fitted using a scattering equation based on the two-compartment network structure. The two-compartment structure was further confirmed using contrast-matching SANS experiments on a PON,12 triblock sample with similar block molecular weights and a partially deuterated PNIPAm block. An important result of the SANS profiles in the gel state was the emergence of two distinct scattering peaks, which could be accounted for by considering spatial correlations between PEP and PNIPAm micellar cores. This study confirms the hypothesis that the formation of two-compartment networks in ABC terpolymer hydrogels results in better gelation properties, in comparison to other physically associated hydrogels, and can further guide the design and development of advanced hydrogel systems with enhanced performance. C1 [Zhou, Can; Hillmyer, Marc A.; Lodge, Timothy P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Lodge, Timothy P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Toombes, Gilman E. S.; Wasbrough, Matthew J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lodge, TP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM lodge@umn.edu RI Wasbrough, Matthew/H-2252-2013; OI Wasbrough, Matthew/0000-0002-3225-7447; Toombes, Gilman/0000-0001-8346-1790 FU National Science Foundation through University of Minnesota MRSEC [DMR-0819885, DMR-1420013] FX This work was supported primarily by the National Science Foundation, through the University of Minnesota MRSEC (DMR-0819885 and DMR-1420013). NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 18 U2 78 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 25 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 16 BP 5934 EP 5943 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00584 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CQ0YL UT WOS:000360324400055 ER PT J AU Okhapkin, MV Meier, DM Peik, E Safronova, MS Kozlov, MG Porsev, SG AF Okhapkin, M. V. Meier, D. M. Peik, E. Safronova, M. S. Kozlov, M. G. Porsev, S. G. TI Observation of an unexpected negative isotope shift in Th-229(+) and its theoretical explanation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RESONANT EXCITATION; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEAR; TRANSITION; ISOMER; RADII; STATE AB We have measured the hyperfine structure and isotope shifts of the 402.0- and 399.6-nm resonance lines in Th-229(+). These transitions could provide pathways towards the excitation of the Th-229 low-energy isomeric nuclear state. An unexpected negative isotope shift relative to Th-232(+) is observed for the 399.6-nm line, indicating a strong Coulomb coupling of the excited state to the nucleus. We have developed an all-order approach to the isotope shift calculations that is generally applicable to heavy atoms and ions with several valence electrons. The theoretical calculations provide an explanation for the negative isotope shift of the 399.6-nm transition and yield a corrected classification of the excited state. The calculated isotope shifts are in good agreement with experimental values. C1 [Okhapkin, M. V.; Meier, D. M.; Peik, E.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Safronova, M. S.; Porsev, S. G.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kozlov, M. G.; Porsev, S. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Kozlov, M. G.] St Petersburg Electrotech Univ LETI, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. RP Peik, E (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM ekkehard.peik@ptb.de RI Kozlov, Mikhail/D-8963-2011 OI Kozlov, Mikhail/0000-0002-7751-6553 FU U.S. NSF [PHY-1404156]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [14-02-00241]; EU FET-Open project [664732-nuClock] FX This work was supported in part by U.S. NSF Grant No. PHY-1404156 and Russian Foundation for Basic Research Grant No. 14-02-00241, and in part by EU FET-Open project 664732-nuClock. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 25 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 2 AR 020503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.020503 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CP6GS UT WOS:000359984400001 ER PT J AU Dennis, BS Czaplewski, DA Haftel, MI Lopez, D Blumberg, G Aksyuk, V AF Dennis, Brian S. Czaplewski, David A. Haftel, Michael I. Lopez, Daniel Blumberg, Girsh Aksyuk, Vladimir TI Diffraction limited focusing and routing of gap plasmons by a metal-dielectric-metal lens SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMONS; WAVE-GUIDES; PHASE MODULATORS; POLARITONS; OPTICS AB Passive optical elements can play key roles in photonic applications such as plasmonic integrated circuits. Here we experimentally demonstrate passive gap-plasmon focusing and routing in two-dimensions. This is accomplished using a high numerical-aperture metal-dielectric-metal lens incorporated into a planar-waveguide device. Fabrication via metal sputtering, oxide deposition, electron-and focused-ion-beam lithography, and argon ion-milling is reported on in detail. Diffraction-limited focusing is optically characterized by sampling out-coupled light with a microscope. The measured focal distance and full-width-half-maximum spot size agree well with the calculated lens performance. The surface plasmon polariton propagation length is measured by sampling light from multiple out-coupler slits. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Dennis, Brian S.; Blumberg, Girsh] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Czaplewski, David A.; Lopez, Daniel] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Haftel, Michael I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Aksyuk, Vladimir] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Aksyuk, V (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vladimir.aksyuk@nist.gov FU Measurement Science and Engineering Research Grant Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB14H259, 70NANB14H030]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1104884]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0698]; Center for Nanoscale Materials, a US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences User Facility [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work has been supported by the Measurement Science and Engineering Research Grant Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (award nos. 70NANB14H259 and 70NANB14H030), the National Science Foundation DMR-1104884, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant no. FA9550-09-1-0698). Computational support from the Department of Defense High Performance Computation Modernization project is acknowledged. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, a US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences User Facility (contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357). NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 35 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 24 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 17 BP 21899 EP 21908 DI 10.1364/OE.23.021899 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA CS9NR UT WOS:000362418300032 PM 26368166 ER PT J AU MacLaughlin, DE Bernal, OO Shu, L Ishikawa, J Matsumoto, Y Wen, JJ Mourigal, M Stock, C Ehlers, G Broholm, CL Machida, Y Kimura, K Nakatsuji, S Shimura, Y Sakakibara, T AF MacLaughlin, D. E. Bernal, O. O. Shu, Lei Ishikawa, Jun Matsumoto, Yosuke Wen, J. -J. Mourigal, M. Stock, C. Ehlers, G. Broholm, C. L. Machida, Yo Kimura, Kenta Nakatsuji, Satoru Shimura, Yasuyuki Sakakibara, Toshiro TI Unstable spin-ice order in the stuffed metallic pyrochlore Pr2+xIr2-xO7-delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MU-SR; FIELD; LIQUID; FLUCTUATIONS; TEMPERATURE; RELAXATION; MAGNETISM; PR2IR2O7; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Specific heat, elastic neutron scattering, and muon spin rotation (mu SR) experiments have been carried out on a well-characterized sample of "stuffed" (Pr-rich) Pr2+xIr2-xO7-delta. Elastic neutron scattering shows the onset of long-range spin-ice "2-in/2-out" magnetic order at T-M = 0.93 K, with an ordered moment of 1.7(1)mu(B)/Pr ion at low temperatures. Approximate lower bounds on the correlation length and correlation time in the ordered state are 170 angstrom and 0.7 ns, respectively. mu SR experiments yield an upper bound 2.6(7) mT on the local field B-loc(4f) at the muon site, which is nearly two orders of magnitude smaller than the expected dipolar field for long-range spin-ice ordering of 1.7 mu(B) moments (120-270 mT, depending on muon site). This shortfall is due in part to splitting of the non-Kramers crystal-field ground-state doublets of near-neighbor Pr3+ ions by the mu(+)-induced lattice distortion. For this to be the only effect, however, similar to 160 Pr moments out to a distance of similar to 14 angstrom must be suppressed. An alternative scenario, which is consistent with the observed reduced nuclear hyperfine Schottky anomaly in the specific heat, invokes slow correlated Pr-moment fluctuations in the ordered state that average B-loc(4f) on the mu SR time scale (similar to 10(-7) s), but are static on the time scale of the elastic neutron scattering experiments (similar to 10(-9) s). In this picture, the dynamic muon relaxation suggests a Pr3+ 4f correlation time of a few nanoseconds, which should be observable in a neutron spin echo experiment. C1 [MacLaughlin, D. E.; Shu, Lei] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [MacLaughlin, D. E.; Ishikawa, Jun; Matsumoto, Yosuke; Machida, Yo; Kimura, Kenta; Nakatsuji, Satoru; Shimura, Yasuyuki; Sakakibara, Toshiro] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Bernal, O. O.] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Shu, Lei] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Shu, Lei] Fudan Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Wen, J. -J.; Mourigal, M.; Stock, C.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Wen, J. -J.; Mourigal, M.; Stock, C.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stock, C.; Broholm, C. L.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ehlers, G.; Broholm, C. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nakatsuji, Satoru] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. RP MacLaughlin, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM macl@physics.ucr.edu; satoru@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; Instrument, CNCS/B-4599-2012; Mourigal, Martin/F-4495-2010; Kimura, Kenta/F-4267-2017 OI Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; Mourigal, Martin/0000-0003-2772-8440; FU U.S. NSF (Riverside) [0422671, 0801407]; U.S. NSF (Los Angeles) [1105380]; Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [21684019]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan [17071003, 19052003]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11474060]; STCSM of China [15XD1500200]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX C.L.B. and S.N. thank the Aspen Center for Physics, where progress was made on this project, for their hospitality during the summer of 2014. D.E.M. wishes to thank the Institute for Solid State Physics, Tokyo University, for their hospitality during his stays there. We are grateful for technical assistance from the TRIUMF Centre for Molecular and Materials Science, where the mu SR experiments were carried out. We thank E. J. Ansaldo, J. M. Mackie, K. Onuma, and S. Zhao for assistance with the experiments, and R. F. Kiefl and G. M. Luke for useful discussions. We are grateful to S. Koohpayeh for performing powder x-ray diffraction at IQM. This work was partially supported by U.S. NSF Grant Nos. 0422671, 0801407 (Riverside), and 1105380 (Los Angeles), by a Grant-in-Aid (No. 21684019) from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (Nos. 17071003 and 19052003) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan, by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11474060), and STCSM of China (No. 15XD1500200). The work at IQM was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering under grant DE-FG02-08ER46544. The research at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 24 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 5 AR 054432 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.054432 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CS6RZ UT WOS:000362210600006 ER PT J AU Mishin, Y McFadden, GB Sekerka, RF Boettinger, WJ AF Mishin, Y. McFadden, G. B. Sekerka, R. F. Boettinger, W. J. TI Sharp interface model of creep deformation in crystalline solids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THERMOCHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM; IRREVERSIBLE-PROCESSES; RECIPROCAL RELATIONS; GRAIN ROTATION; STRESS; DIFFUSION; MOTION AB We present a rigorous irreversible thermodynamics treatment of creep deformation of solid materials with interfaces described as geometric surfaces capable of vacancy generation and absorption and moving under the influence of local thermodynamic forces. The free energy dissipation rate derived in this work permits clear identification of thermodynamic driving forces for all stages of the creep process and formulation of kinetic equations of creep deformation and microstructure evolution. The theory incorporates capillary effects and reveals the different roles played by the interface free energy and interface stress. To describe the interaction of grain boundaries with stresses, we classify grain boundaries into coherent, incoherent and semicoherent, depending on their mechanical response to the stress. To prepare for future applications, we specialize the general equations to a particular case of a linear-elastic solid with a small concentration of vacancies. The proposed theory creates a thermodynamic framework for addressing more complex cases, such as creep in multicomponent alloys and cross-effects among vacancy generation/absorption and grain boundary motion and sliding. C1 [Mishin, Y.] George Mason Univ, MSN 3F3, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [McFadden, G. B.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sekerka, R. F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Boettinger, W. J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mishin, Y (reprint author), George Mason Univ, MSN 3F3, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015; McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, the Materials Science and Engineering Division FX Y.M. was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, the Materials Science and Engineering Division. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 24 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 6 AR 064113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.064113 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CS6SO UT WOS:000362212200003 ER PT J AU Nicholson, TL Blatt, S Bloom, BJ Williams, JR Thomsen, JW Ye, J Julienne, PS AF Nicholson, T. L. Blatt, S. Bloom, B. J. Williams, J. R. Thomsen, J. W. Ye, J. Julienne, Paul S. TI Optical Feshbach resonances: Field-dressed theory and comparison with experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-DEFECT ANALYSIS; FEW-BODY SYSTEMS; NONADIABATIC THEORY; SCATTERING LENGTH; ATOMIC SCATTERING; LATTICE CLOCK; LASER FIELD; MOLECULAR-COLLISIONS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; ULTRACOLD GASES AB Optical Feshbach resonances (OFRs) have generated significant experimental interest in recent years. These resonances are promising for many-body physics experiments, yet the practical application of OFRs has been limited. The theory of OFRs has been based on an approximate model that fails in important detuning regimes, and the incomplete theoretical understanding of this effect has hindered OFR experiments. We present the most complete theoretical treatment of OFRs to date, demonstrating important characteristics that must be considered in OFR experiments and comparing OFRs to the well-studied case of magnetic Feshbach resonances. We also present a comprehensive treatment of the approximate OFR model, including a study of the range of validity for this model. Finally, we derive experimentally useful expressions that can be applied to real experimental data to extract important information about the resonance structure of colliding atoms. C1 [Nicholson, T. L.; Blatt, S.; Bloom, B. J.; Williams, J. R.; Thomsen, J. W.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nicholson, T. L.; Blatt, S.; Bloom, B. J.; Williams, J. R.; Thomsen, J. W.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nicholson, TL (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Ultracold Atoms, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012; Thomsen, Jan W./M-9087-2016; OI Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967; Thomsen, Jan W./0000-0003-3423-6989; Nicholson, Travis/0000-0002-0503-7991; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 91 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 24 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 2 AR 022709 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.022709 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CP5QI UT WOS:000359938200016 ER PT J AU Pan, CH Flynn, L AF Pan, Chunhui Flynn, Larry TI Solar observation of Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite nadir system during the first 3 years of on-orbit operation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite; calibration; charge-coupled device; remote sensing; ultraviolet spectroscopy and diffusers ID ULTRAVIOLET; PERFORMANCE; OMPS; UARS AB The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership spacecraft has completed three more years of orbital operation since the OMPS opened its nadir door for the scene data collection on January 26, 2012. The sensors' spectral channels have been calibrated in-flight by a working solar diffuser and a reference solar diffuser. The instruments' optical degradation is determined through the changes in the instruments' throughput via orbital solar observations. The observed degradation at the shortest wavelengths is <1% for the sensor optics, and in excess of 2% for the OMPS working solar diffuser. The absolute irradiance calibration uncertainties meet the system requirement of 7% for most of the channels. Unexpected orbital wavelength variation in sensor scan direction is evidenced to cause about 2.6% error, not compliant with a 2% allocation and so some margin will be needed to accommodate the exceedance. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Pan, Chunhui] Univ Maryland, Dept Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Flynn, Larry] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Pan, CH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM chpan@umd.edu RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant at the University of Maryland [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant No. NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-CICS) at the University of Maryland. The sensor data used in their analyses was provided by NOAA Comprehensive Large Array-Data Stewardship System. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD AUG 21 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 094095 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.9.094095 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CT1NT UT WOS:000362566200001 ER PT J AU Cook, JC Barker, JG Rowe, JM Williams, RE Gagnon, C Lindstrom, RM Ibberson, RM Neumann, DA AF Cook, J. C. Barker, J. G. Rowe, J. M. Williams, R. E. Gagnon, C. Lindstrom, R. M. Ibberson, R. M. Neumann, D. A. TI Experimental characterization of the Advanced Liquid Hydrogen Cold Neutron Source spectrum of the NBSR reactor at the NIST Center for Neutron Research SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Liquid hydrogen; Cold neutron sources; Neutron moderators; Research reactors; Neutron guides; Radiation transport calculations ID TRANSMISSION; PERFORMANCE; MODERATOR; GRAPHITE; DEVICES AB The recent expansion of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NEST) Center for Neutron Research facility has offered a rare opportunity to perform an accurate measurement of the cold neutron spectrum at the exit of a newly-installed neutron guide. Using a combination of a neutron time-of-flight measurement, a gold foil activation measurement, and Monte Carlo simulation of the neutron guide transmission, we obtain the most reliable experimental characterization of the Advanced Liquid Hydrogen Cold Neutron Source brightness to date. Time-of-flight measurements were performed at three distinct fuel bumup intervals, including one immediately following reactor startup. Prior to the latter measurement, the hydrogen was maintained in a liquefied state for an extended period in an attempt to observe an initial radiation-induced increase of the (mho (o)-hydrogen fraction. Since para (p)-hydrogen has a small scattering cross-section for neutron energies below 15 meV (neutron wavelengths greater than about 2.3 angstrom), changes in the o- p hydrogen ratio and in the void distribution in the boiling hydrogen influence the spectral distribution. The nature of such changes is simulated with a continuous-energy, Monte Carlo radiation-transport code using 20 K o and p hydrogen scattering kernels and an estimated hydrogen density distribution derived from an analysis of localized heat loads. A comparison of the transport calculations with the mean brightness function resulting from the three measurements suggests an overall o- p ratio of about 17.5(+/- 1) % o- 825% p for neutron energies < 15 meV, a significantly lower ortho concentration than previously assumed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cook, J. C.; Barker, J. G.; Rowe, J. M.; Williams, R. E.; Ibberson, R. M.; Neumann, D. A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gagnon, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lindstrom, R. M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cook, JC (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 6100, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ibberson, Richard/P-8397-2015 OI Ibberson, Richard/0000-0003-0007-706X NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 21 PY 2015 VL 792 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2015.04.037 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA CJ8SE UT WOS:000355773000004 ER PT J AU Ellis, R Blaes, J Anderson, L AF Ellis, Ryan Blaes, Jonathan Anderson, Lindsey TI Orographically Induced Cirrus Clouds in the Lee of the Southern Appalachian Mountains SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODEL CLOUDS; WAVES; SIMULATION; SPACE AB The development of orographically induced cirrus clouds in the lee of the southern Appalachian Mountain chain can result in areas of unanticipated cloudiness downstream of the higher terrain across the Carolinas and Virginia. Both the degree of cloudiness and its impact on surface temperatures can reduce forecast accuracy. The general environmental conditions favorable for orographic cirrus development are known and have been qualitatively documented but to this point have not been extensively quantified. This study attempts to quantify the conditions necessary for orographic cirrus development across the southern Appalachian Mountains. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite imagery and atmospheric soundings are evaluated in order to better understand the most important environmental conditions needed for an orographic cirrus event to occur as well as which scenarios may produce null events. Case studies will be presented illustrating classic orographic cirrus events and their impacts on local forecast variables. Finally, best practices for operational forecasting of orographic cirrus are proposed, and the role of high-resolution models in the detection of orographic cirrus events is discussed. C1 [Ellis, Ryan; Blaes, Jonathan] NOAA, NWS, Raleigh, NC USA. [Anderson, Lindsey] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ellis, R (reprint author), 1005 Capability Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM Ryan.Ellis@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL WEATHER ASSOC PI NORMAN PA 350 DAVID L BOREN BLVD, STE 2750, NORMAN, OK USA SN 2325-6184 J9 J OPER METEOROL JI J. Oper. Meteorol. PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 3 IS 10 BP 104 EP 123 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH6LT UT WOS:000372902800001 ER PT J AU Begelman, MC Armitage, PJ Reynolds, CS AF Begelman, Mitchell C. Armitage, Philip J. Reynolds, Christopher S. TI ACCRETION DISK DYNAMO AS THE TRIGGER FOR X-RAY BINARY STATE TRANSITIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries: close; black hole physics; magnetic fields; X-rays: binaries ID BLACK-HOLE CANDIDATES; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; TURBULENCE; FREQUENCY; PLASMAS; ENERGY; FLOWS AB Magnetohydrodynamic accretion disk simulations suggest that much of the energy liberated by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) can be channeled into large-scale toroidal magnetic fields through dynamo action. Under certain conditions, this field can dominate over gas and radiation pressure in providing vertical support against gravity, even close to the midplane. Using a simple model for the creation of this field, its buoyant rise, and its coupling to the gas, we show how disks could be driven into this magnetically dominated state and deduce the resulting vertical pressure and density profiles. Applying an established criterion for MRI to operate in the presence of a toroidal field, we show that magnetically supported disks can have two distinct MRI-active regions, separated by a "dead zone" where local MRI is suppressed, but where magnetic energy continues to flow upward from the dynamo region below. We suggest that the relative strengths of the MRI zones, and the local poloidal flux, determine the spectral states of X-ray binaries. Specifically, "intermediate" and "hard" accretion states occur when MRI is triggered in the hot, upper zone of the corona, while disks in "soft" states do not develop the upper MRI zone. We discuss the conditions under which various transitions should take place and speculate on the relationship of dynamo activity to the various types of quasi-periodic oscillations that sometimes appear in the hard spectral components. The model also explains why luminous accretion disks in the "soft" state show no signs of the thermal/viscous instability predicted by standard alpha-models. C1 [Begelman, Mitchell C.; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.; Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Reynolds, Christopher S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Reynolds, Christopher S.] Joint Space Sci Inst JSI, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Begelman, MC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mitch@jila.colorado.edu OI BEGELMAN, MITCHELL/0000-0003-0936-8488; Reynolds, Christopher/0000-0002-1510-4860 FU NASA [NNX11AE12G, NNX14AB42G]; Simons Foundation; Sackler Fellowship (Cambridge) FX We acknowledge the hospitality of the Department of Physics at the University of Oxford, the Institute of Astronomy at the University of Cambridge, the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, and the N. Copernicus Astronomical Center in Warsaw, and thank Emrah Kalemci for extensive discussions on XRB observations. Our work has been supported by NASA under Astrophysics Theory Program awards NNX11AE12G and NNX14AB42G. C.S.R. additionally thanks the Simons Foundation and a Sackler Fellowship (Cambridge) for support. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 809 IS 2 AR 118 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/809/2/118 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CR9EC UT WOS:000361655100011 ER PT J AU Sun, JQ Wang, MH AF Sun, Junqiang Wang, Menghua TI On-orbit calibration of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite reflective solar bands and its challenges using a solar diffuser SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; SATELLITE AB The reflective solar bands (RSBs) of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership satellite are calibrated by a solar diffuser (SD) panel whose performance is itself monitored by an accompanying solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM). In this comprehensive work we describe the SD-based calibration algorithm of the RSBs, analyze the calibration data, and derive the performance results-the RSB calibration coefficients or F-factors-for the current three and a half years of mission. The application of the newly derived product of the SD bidirectional reflectance factor and the vignetting function for the SD screen and the newly derived SD degradation, so-called H-factors, effectively minimizes the artificial seasonal patterns in the RSB calibration coefficients due to the errors of these ingredient inputs. The full illumination region, the "sweet spot," during calibration events for SD view is carefully examined and selected to ensure high data quality and to reduce noise owing to non-fully illuminated samples. A time-dependent relative spectral response (RSR), coming from the large out-of-band contribution and the VIIRS optical system wavelength-dependent degradation, is derived from an iterative approach and applied in the SD calibration for each RSB. The result shows that VIIRS RSBs degrade much faster at near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave-infrared (SWIR) wavelength ranges due to the faster degradation of the rotating telescope assembly against the remaining part of the system. The gains of the VIIRS RSBs have degraded 2.0% (410 nm, Band M1), 0.2% (443 nm, Band M2), -0.3%(486 nm, Band M3), 0.2% (551 nm, Band M4), 6.2% (640 nm, Band I1), 11.0% (671 nm, BandM5), 21.3% (745 nm, Band M6), 35.8% (862 nm, Band I2), and 35.8% (862 nm, Band M7), respectively, since launch and 24.8% (1238 nm, Band M8), 18.5% (1378 nm, Band M9), 11.5% (1610 nm, Band I3), 11.5% (1610, Band M10), and 4.0% (2250 nm, Band M11), respectively, since 20 January 2012. It is established that the SD calibration accurately catches the on- orbit RSB degradation according to the instrument design and the calibration algorithm. However, due to the inherent nonuniform degradation of the SD affecting especially the short wavelength bands and the lack of capability of the SDSM calibration to catch degradation beyond 935 nm, the direct and the unmitigated application of the SD calibration result will introduce nonnegligible error into the calibration coefficients resulting in long-term drifts in the sensor data records and consequently the high-level products. We explicitly unveil the effect of the nonuniformity in SD degradation in the RSB calibration coefficients but also briefly discuss a critical yet simple mitigation to restore the accuracy of the calibration coefficients based on lunar observations. The methodology presented here thus remains intact as the cornerstone of the RSB calibration, and our derived RSB calibration coefficients represent the optimal result. This work has the most impact on the quality of the ocean color products that sensitively depend on the moderate visible and NIR bands (M1-M7), as well as the SWIR bands (M8, M10, and M11). (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Sun, Junqiang; Wang, Menghua] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sun, Junqiang] Global Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Sun, JQ (reprint author), NOAA Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E-RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM junqiang.sun@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) FX Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS). NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 24 BP 7210 EP 7223 DI 10.1364/AO.54.007210 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA CP9CB UT WOS:000360190200011 PM 26368755 ER PT J AU Bossart, GD Schaefer, AM McCulloch, S Goldstein, J Fair, PA Reif, JS AF Bossart, Gregory D. Schaefer, Adam M. McCulloch, Stephen Goldstein, Juli Fair, Patricia A. Reif, John S. TI Mucocutaneous lesions in free-ranging Atlantic bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from the southeastern USA SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Papilloma; Lobomycosis; Lacazia loboi; Tattoo skin disease; Dermatitis; Hyperplasia; Zoonosis; Cetacean; Pathology ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; TRICHECHUS-MANATUS-LATIROSTRIS; TRACE-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; TATTOO SKIN-DISEASE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; CLINICOIMMUNOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS; PERFLUOROALKYL COMPOUNDS; PHOCOENA-SPINIPINNIS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ANTIBODY-TITERS AB Mucocutaneous lesions were biopsied from free-ranging Atlantic bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus inhabiting the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, and estuarine waters of Charleston (CHS), South Carolina, USA, between 2003 and 2013. A total of 78 incisional biopsies from 58 dolphins (n = 43 IRL, n = 15 CHS) were examined. Thirteen dolphins had 2 lesions biopsied at the same examination, and 6 dolphins were re-examined and re-biopsied at time intervals varying from 1 to 8 yr. Biopsy sites included the skin (n = 47), tongue (n = 2), and genital mucosa (n = 29). Pathologic diagnoses were: orogenital sessile papilloma (39.7%), cutaneous lobomycosis (16.7%), tattoo skin disease (TSD; 15.4%), nonspecific chronic to chronic-active dermatitis (15.4%), and epidermal hyperplasia (12.8%). Pathologic diagnoses from dolphins with 2 lesions were predominately orogenital sessile papillomas (n = 9) with nonspecific chronic to chronic-active dermatitis (n = 4), TSD (n = 3), lobomycosis (n = 1), and epidermal hyperplasia (n = 1). Persistent pathologic diagnoses from the same dolphins re-examined and re-biopsied at different times included genital sessile papillomas (n = 3), lobomycosis (n = 2), and nonspecific dermatitis (n = 2). This is the first study documenting the various types, combined prevalence, and progression of mucocutaneous lesions in dolphins from the southeastern USA. The data support other published findings describing the health patterns in dolphins from these geographic regions. Potential health impacts related to the observed suite of lesions are important for the IRL and CHS dolphin populations, since previous studies have indicated that both populations are affected by complex infectious diseases often associated with immunologic disturbances and anthropogenic contaminants. C1 [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Div Comparat Pathol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Schaefer, Adam M.; McCulloch, Stephen; Goldstein, Juli] Florida Atlantic Univ, Oceanog Inst, Harbor Branch, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bossart, GD (reprint author), Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker St NW, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. EM gbossart@georgiaaquarium.org FU Florida Protect Wild Dolphins specialty license plate program, Georgia Aquarium; NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program FX The Atlantic bottlenose dolphin HERA project is a collaborative effort between Georgia Aquarium, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University, and the National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA. Support was provided by the Florida Protect Wild Dolphins specialty license plate program, Georgia Aquarium, and the NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. We thank the entire HERA project staff for their tireless efforts in this project, with special thanks extended to Larry Hansen, Dr. Forrest Townsend, and Wayne McFee. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 3 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.3354/dao02895 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA CQ0MR UT WOS:000360290800001 PM 26290502 ER PT J AU Pederson, ED Barbalas, J Drown, BS Culbertson, MJ Burden, LMK Kasianowicz, JJ Burden, DL AF Pederson, Emmanuel D. Barbalas, Jonathan Drown, Bryon S. Culbertson, Michael J. Burden, Lisa M. Keranen Kasianowicz, John J. Burden, Daniel L. TI Proximal Capture Dynamics for a Single Biological Nanopore Sensor SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NANOPORES; FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; ION-CHANNEL; STOCHASTIC DETECTION; TRANSMEMBRANE PORE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BROWNIAN DYNAMICS; BETA-BARREL; PROTEIN AB Single nanopore sensors enable capture and analysis of molecules that are driven to the pore, entry from bulk solution. However, the distance between an analyte and the nanopore opening limits the detection efficiency. A theoretical basis for predicting particle capture rate is important. for designing modified nanopore sensors, especially for those with covalently tethered reaction sites. Using the finite element method, we develop a soft-walled electrostatic block (SWEB) model for the alpha-hemolysin channel that produces a vector map of drift-producing forces on particles diffusing near the pore entrance. The maps are then coupled to a single-particle diffusion simulation to probe capture statistics and to track the trajectories of individual particles on the mu s to ms time scales. The investigation enables evaluation of the interplay among the electrophoretic, electroosmotic, and thermal driving forces as a function of applied potential. The findings demonstrate how the complex drift-producing forces compete with diffusion over the nanoscale, dimensions of the pore. The results also demonstrate the spatial and temporal limitations associated With nanopore detection and offer a basic theoretical framework to guide both the placement and kinetics of reaction sites located on, or near, the nanopore cap. C1 [Pederson, Emmanuel D.; Barbalas, Jonathan; Drown, Bryon S.; Culbertson, Michael J.; Burden, Daniel L.] Wheaton Coll, Dept Chem, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. [Burden, Lisa M. Keranen] Wheaton Coll, Dept Biol, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. [Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burden, DL (reprint author), Wheaton Coll, Dept Chem, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. EM daniel.burden@wheaton.edu OI Culbertson, Michael/0000-0001-6883-9767; Drown, Bryon/0000-0002-5631-512X FU National Science Foundation [1305733]; Wheaton College; Wheaton College Alumni Association FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (1305733), Wheaton College and the Wheaton College Alumni Association. Neile Havens and Jaime Mejia-Paula of the Wheaton College Information Technology Department also provided critical computer support for this work. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 33 BP 10448 EP 10455 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04955 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CP6VN UT WOS:000360026400008 PM 26203555 ER PT J AU Sethuraman, VA Vairavapandian, D Lafouresse, MC Maark, TA Karan, N Sun, SH Bertocci, U Peterson, AA Stafford, GR Guduru, PR AF Sethuraman, Vijay A. Vairavapandian, Deepa Lafouresse, Manon C. Maark, Tuhina A. Karan, Naba Sun, Shouheng Bertocci, Ugo Peterson, Andrew A. Stafford, Gery R. Guduru, Pradeep R. TI Role of Elastic Strain on Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pt SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU STRESS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DEALLOYED PT-CU; (111)-TEXTURED AU; NANOGRAVIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; SURFACE STRESS; CORE-SHELL; FUEL-CELLS; NANOPARTICLE ELECTROCATALYSTS AB The effect of elastic strain on catalytic activity of platinum (Pt) toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is investigated through dealloyed Pt-Cu thin films; stress evolution in the dealloyed layer and the mass of the Cu removed are measured in real-time during electrochemical dealloying of (111)-textured thin-film PtCu (1:1, atomic ratio) electrodes. In situ stress measurements are made using the cantilever-deflection method, and nanogravimetric measurements are made using an electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance. Upon dealloying via successive voltammetric sweeps between -0.05 and 1.15 V vs standard hydrogen electrode, compressive stress develops in the dealloyed Pt layer at the surface of thin-film PtCu electrodes. The dealloyed films also exhibit enhanced catalytic activity toward ORR compared with polycrystalline Pt. In situ nanogravimetric measurements reveal that the mass of dealloyed Cu is approximately 210 +/- 46 ng/cm(2), which corresponds to a dealloyed layer thickness of 1.2 +/- 0.3 monolayers or 0.16 +/- 0.04 nm. The average biaxial stress in the dealloyed layer is estimated to be 4.95 +/- 1.3 GPa, which corresponds to an elastic strain of 1.47% +/- 0.4%. In addition, density functional theory calculations have been carried out on biaxially strained Pt(111) surface to characterize the effect of strain on its ORR activity; the predicted shift in the limiting potentials due to elastic strain is found to be in good agreement with the experimental shift in the cyclic voltammograms for the dealloyed PtCu thin film electrodes. C1 [Sethuraman, Vijay A.; Vairavapandian, Deepa; Maark, Tuhina A.; Karan, Naba; Peterson, Andrew A.; Guduru, Pradeep R.] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Lafouresse, Manon C.; Bertocci, Ugo; Stafford, Gery R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sun, Shouheng] Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Guduru, PR (reprint author), Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM vijay@materials.iisc.emet.in; Gery.Stafford@nist.gov; Pradeep_Guduru@Brown.edu RI Sethuraman, Vijay/E-5702-2010 OI Sethuraman, Vijay/0000-0003-4624-1355 FU Army Research Office - Multi-disciplinary University Research Initiative (ARO-MURI) [W911NF-11-1-0353] FX The authors at Brown University gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Army Research Office - Multi-disciplinary University Research Initiative (ARO-MURI Grant No. W911NF-11-1-0353) on "Stress Controlled Catalysis via Engineered Nanostructures." Cantilever metallization by electron beam evaporation was performed at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology NanoFab at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Certain trade names are mentioned for experimental information only, and in no case does it imply a recommendation or endorsement by NIST. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 33 BP 19042 EP 19052 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b06096 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CP6VL UT WOS:000360026200024 ER PT J AU Fanning, KA Masserini, RT Walsh, J Wanninkhof, R Sullivan, K Virmani, JI Heil, CA AF Fanning, K. A. Masserini, R. T., Jr. Walsh, J. Wanninkhof, R. Sullivan, K. Virmani, J. I. Heil, C. A. TI An ammonium enrichment event in the surface ocean: Wind forcing and potential ramifications SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nutrient; Ammonium; Nitrate; Nitrite; Oligotrophic; Nanomolar; Sulfur hexafluoride; Wind speed; Barometric pressure; Patch; Weather front; Wind forcing; Exchange; Dispersion; Enrichment ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; NATURAL-WATERS; NANOMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; KARENIA-BREVIS; GAS-EXCHANGE; NITROGEN; PHYTOPLANKTON; PLANKTON; NITRIFICATION AB Ammonium is a nutrient frequently preferred by microorganisms that photosynthesize at the base of the marine food web and remove atmospheric carbon dioxide via carbon fixation. Because their photosynthesis is concentrated in the ocean's thin euphotic zone, its nutrient concentrations are critical to oceanic carbon fixation. Identification of replacement processes for euphotic-zone ammonium thus becomes important. These processes were investigated in a two-experiment, Lagrangian field study that produced results consistent with an apparent inverse effect of wind forcing on upper-ocean ammonium concentrations. At low wind speeds (especially <= ms(-1)), continuous sea-water sampling, supported by sulfur-hexafluoride (SF6) water-mass tracing and meteorological measurements, detected 1.1-4.4-km-wide boluses of surface seawater exhibiting ammonium enrichments that were 5- to -10-fold above background. In the first experiment, ammonium maxima comprising the enrichment event disappeared at higher wind speeds. In the second experiment, which had consistently higher wind speeds, an ammonium event composed of such maxima was never found. The apparent correlation between elevated ammonium concentrations and low wind stress could therefore be viewed as potentially important for understanding ammonium cycling and carbon fixation in the ocean. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fanning, K. A.; Walsh, J.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Masserini, R. T., Jr.] Univ Tampa, Dept Chem Biochem & Phys, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. [Wanninkhof, R.; Sullivan, K.] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Virmani, J. I.] XPRIZE, Culver City, CA 90230 USA. [Heil, C. A.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay Harbor, ME 04544 USA. RP Fanning, KA (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 Seventh Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM kaf@usf.edu; rmasserini@ut.edu; rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov; kevin.sullivan@noaa.gov; Jyotika.Virmani@xprize.org; cheil@bigelow.org FU US Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-96-1-5024, N00014-02-1-0240, N00014-07-1-0800]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [0326268, 0752139, 1259043]; University of Miami research vessel F.G. Walton Smith FX This research was supported by the US Office of Naval Research (ONR Contracts N00014-96-1-5024, N00014-02-1-0240, and N00014-07-1-0800 to Kent A. Fanning, John J. Walsh, and Robert T. Masserini, Jr.) and by the US National Science Foundation (NSF Award Numbers 0326268, 0752139, and 1259043 to Frank Muller-Karger, Kent Fanning, Robert Weisberg, and Yrene Astor). We thank the crew of the University of Miami research vessel F.G. Walton Smith for their support during our field studies. We also thank R. H. Weisberg and the Ocean Circulation Group in the USF College of Marine Science for the meteorological data from buoy C10. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 174 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.03.018 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA CN7QH UT WOS:000358628600003 ER PT J AU Liu, XW Byrne, RH Lindemuth, M Easley, R Mathis, JT AF Liu, Xuewu Byrne, Robert H. Lindemuth, Michael Easley, Regina Mathis, Jeremy T. TI An automated procedure for laboratory and shipboard spectrophotometric measurements of seawater alkalinity: Continuously monitored single-step acid additions SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alkalinity; Seawater; Spectrophotometry; Indicator; CO2 system; Ocean acidification ID SEA-WATER ALKALINITY; TOTAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION; INORGANIC CARBON; CALIBRATION AB Building on the spectrophotometric procedure of Yao and Byrne (1998), an automated analysis system has been developed for laboratory and shipboard measurements of total alkalinity at a rate of 6 samples per hour. The system is based on single-point hydrochloric acid (HCl) titrations of seawater samples of a known voluble with bromocresol purple as an indicator. The titration is continuously monitored using visible spectroscopy to guide the titration rate according to the real-time pH of the samples. Each titration is terminated just below the equivalence point to achieve a precision and accuracy near 1 mu mol kg(-1). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Xuewu; Byrne, Robert H.; Lindemuth, Michael; Easley, Regina] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Byrne, RH (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. FU Ocean Acidification Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA110AR4320199]; NSF Grant [OCE-1220110] FX We thank the crew of USCGC Healy for their excellent support during the 2011 Arctic cruise (HLY 1103), as well as the lab at the University of Alaska at Fairbanks for performing the laboratory AT analyses. We appreciate Dr. Tonya Clayton's help during the manuscript preparation, with critical comments and editorial expertise. The critical comments of two reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the Ocean Acidification Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Award NA110AR4320199) and NSF Grant OCE-1220110. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 174 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.06.008 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA CN7QH UT WOS:000358628600014 ER PT J AU Williams, NL Feely, RA Sabine, CL Dickson, AG Swift, JH Talley, LD Russell, JL AF Williams, Nancy L. Feely, Richard A. Sabine, Christopher L. Dickson, Andrew G. Swift, James H. Talley, Lynne D. Russell, Joellen L. TI Quantifying anthropogenic carbon inventory changes in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Dissolved inorganic carbon; Anthropogenic carbon; pH; Carbonate chemistry; Ocean acidification; Apparent oxygen utilization; Hydrography; Southern ocean; Decadal change ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER; SUBPOLAR NORTH-ATLANTIC; LAST 2 DECADES; TIME-SERIES; INDIAN-OCEAN; CO2 UPTAKE; INTERMEDIATE WATER; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; DIOXIDE ANALYSIS AB The Southern Ocean plays a major role in mediating the uptake, transport, and long-term storage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) into the deep ocean. Examining the magnitude and spatial distribution of this oceanic carbon uptake is critical to understanding how the earth's carbon system will react to continued increases in this greenhouse gas. Here, we use the extended multiple linear regression technique to quantify the total and anthropogenic change in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) along the S04P and P16S CLIVAR/U.S. Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program lines south of 67 degrees S in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean between 1992 and 2011 using discrete bottle measurements from repeat occupations. Along the S04P section, which is located in the seasonal sea ice zone south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Pacific, the anthropogenic component of the DIC increase from 1992 to 2011 is mostly found in the Antarctic Surface Water (AASW, upper 100 m), while the increase in DIC below the mixed layer in the Circumpolar Deep Water can be primarily attributed to either a slowdown in circulation or decreased ventilation of deeper, high CO2 waters. In the AASW we calculate an anthropogenic increase in DIC of 12-18 mu mol kg(-1) and an average storage rate of anthropogenic CO2 of 0.10 +/- 0.02 mol m(-2) yr(-1) for this region compared to a global average of 0.5 +/- 0.2 mol m(-2) yr(-1). In surface waters this anthropogenic CO2 uptake results in an average pH decrease of 0.0022 +/- 0.0004 pH units yr(-1), a 0.47 +/- 0.10% yr(-1) decrease in the saturation state of aragonite (Omega(Aragonite)) and a 2.0 +/- 0.7 m yr(-1) shoaling of the aragonite saturation horizons (calculated for the Omega(Aragonite) = 1.3 contour). (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Williams, Nancy L.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Williams, Nancy L.; Feely, Richard A.; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dickson, Andrew G.; Swift, James H.; Talley, Lynne D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Russell, Joellen L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Williams, NL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Nancy.Williams@oregonstate.edu; Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov; Chris.Sabine@noaa.gov; adickson@ucsd.edu; jswift@ucsd.edu; ltalley@ucsd.edu; jrussell@email.arizona.edu OI Russell, Joellen/0000-0001-9937-6056; Williams, Nancy/0000-0002-6541-9385 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Science Foundation [OCE-0752972, P148130] FX The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Science Foundation Grant OCE-0752972 (subcontract P148130) sponsored this work. We specifically acknowledge Joel Levy, Kathy Tedesco, and David Legler of the Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program and Eric Itsweire and Don Rice of the National Science Foundation for their continued support. We would also like to thank all the officers, crew, and scientists of the WOCE/JGOFS and CLIVAR/U.S. Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program cruises for providing these valuable data. This is PMEL contribution number 4228. NR 121 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 174 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.06.015 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA CN7QH UT WOS:000358628600015 ER PT J AU Torres-Jimenez, J Izquierdo-Marquez, I Kacker, RN Kuhn, DR AF Torres-Jimenez, Jose Izquierdo-Marquez, Idelfonso Kacker, Raghu N. Kuhn, D. Richard TI Tower of covering arrays SO DISCRETE APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Covering arrays; Tower of covering arrays AB Covering arrays are combinatorial objects that have several practical applications, specially in the design of experiments for software and hardware testing. A covering array of strength t and order v is an N x k array over Z(v), with the property that every N x t subarray covers all members of Z(v)(t) at least once. In this work we explore the construction of a Tower of Covering Arrays (TCA) as a way to produce covering arrays that improve or match some current upper bounds. A TCA of height h is a succession of h + 1 covering arrays C-0, C-1,C-.....,C-h in which for i = 1, 2,..., h the covering array C-i is one unit greater in the number of factors and the strength of the covering array Ci-1; this way, if the covering array C-0 is of strength t and has k factors then the covering arrays C1,...., Ch are of strength t 1,, t + h and have k + 1,., k + h factors respectively. We note that the ratio between the number of rows of the last covering array Ch in a TCA of height h and the number of rows of the best known covering array for the same values of t, k, and v as for C-h, is reduced as h grows. Therefore, we search for TCAs with the greatest height possible. The relevant results are the improvement of nineteen current upper bounds for v = 2 and t is an element of {7, 8, 9, 10, 11}, and the construction of twenty-one covering arrays that matched current upper bounds. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Torres-Jimenez, Jose; Izquierdo-Marquez, Idelfonso] CINVESTAV Tamaulipas, Informat Technol Lab, Cd Victoria Soto La Mari 87130, Cd Victoria Tam, Mexico. [Torres-Jimenez, Jose; Kacker, Raghu N.; Kuhn, D. Richard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Torres-Jimenez, J (reprint author), CINVESTAV Tamaulipas, Informat Technol Lab, Km 5-5 Carretera, Cd Victoria Soto La Mari 87130, Cd Victoria Tam, Mexico. EM jtj@cinvestav.mx; iizquierdo@tamps.cinvestav.mx; raghu.kacker@nist.gov; kuhn@nist.gov OI TORRES-JIMENEZ, JOSE/0000-0002-5029-5340 FU Mixto CONACyT y Gobierno del Estado de Tamaulipas [51623-Fondo]; Metodos Exactos para Construir Covering Arrays Optimos [238469-CONACyT]; Conjuntos de Prueba Optimos parar Metodos Combinatorios (Optimal Test Sets for Combinatorial Methods) [232987-CONACyT] FX The authors acknowledge the GENERAL COORDINATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES (CGSTIC) at CINVESTAV for providing HPC resources on the Hybrid Cluster Supercomputer "Xiuhcoatl", that have contributed to the research results reported. The following projects have funded the research reported in this paper: 51623-Fondo Mixto CONACyT y Gobierno del Estado de Tamaulipas; 238469-CONACyT Metodos Exactos para Construir Covering Arrays Optimos; 232987-CONACyT Conjuntos de Prueba Optimos parar Metodos Combinatorios (Optimal Test Sets for Combinatorial Methods). This paper was completed during the first author's stay as a guest researcher at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NISI), Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-218X EI 1872-6771 J9 DISCRETE APPL MATH JI Discret Appl. Math. PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 190 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.dam.2015.03.010 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA CL2CO UT WOS:000356751400014 ER PT J AU Sinclair, EH Walker, WA Thomason, JR AF Sinclair, Elizabeth H. Walker, William A. Thomason, James R. TI Body Size Regression Formulae, Proximate Composition and Energy Density of Eastern Bering Sea Mesopelagic Fish and Squid SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN FUR SEALS; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; OTOLITH SIZE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MIDWATER FISHES; FORAGE FISHES; FOOD-WEB; PACIFIC; ECOLOGY; WESTERN AB The ecological significance of fish and squid of the mesopelagic zone (200 m-1000 m) is evident by their pervasiveness in the diets of a broad spectrum of upper pelagic predators including other fishes and squids, seabirds and marine mammals. As diel vertical migrators, mesopelagic micronekton are recognized as an important trophic link between the deep scattering layer and upper surface waters, yet fundamental aspects of the life history and energetic contribution to the food web for most are undescribed. Here, we present newly derived regression equations for 32 species of mesopelagic fish and squid based on the relationship between body size and the size of hard parts typically used to identify prey species in predator diet studies. We describe the proximate composition and energy density of 31 species collected in the eastern Bering Sea during May 1999 and 2000. Energy values are categorized by body size as a proxy for relative age and can be cross-referenced with the derived regression equations. Data are tabularized to facilitate direct application to predator diet studies and food web models. C1 [Sinclair, Elizabeth H.; Walker, William A.; Thomason, James R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sinclair, EH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM beth.sinclair@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 19 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0132289 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0132289 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CP6SN UT WOS:000360018600003 PM 26287534 ER PT J AU Page, KA Shin, JW Eastman, SA Rowe, BW Kim, S Kusoglu, A Yager, KG Stafford, GR AF Page, Kirt A. Shin, Jae Wook Eastman, Scott A. Rowe, Brandon W. Kim, Sangcheol Kusoglu, Ahmet Yager, Kevin G. Stafford, Gery R. TI In Situ Method for Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Nafion Thin Films during Hydration Cycles SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE stress; thin films; Nafion; curvature; modulus; humidity ID FUEL-CELL MEMBRANES; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE; PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; (111)-TEXTURED AU; RECAST NAFION(R); WATER-UPTAKE; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; CONFINEMENT; HUMIDITY AB Perfluorinated ionomers, in particular Nafion, are an essential component in hydrogen fuel cells, as both the proton exchange membrane and the binder within the catalyst layer. During normal operation of a hydrogen fuel cell, the ionomer will progressively swell and deswell in response to the changes in hydration, resulting in mechanical fatigue and ultimately failure over time. In this study, we have developed and implemented a cantilever bending technique in order to investigate the swelling-induced stresses in biaxially constrained Nafion thin films. When the deflection of a cantilever beam coated with a polymer film is monitored as it is exposed to varying humidity environments, the swelling induced stressthickness product of the polymer film is measured. By combining the stress-thickness results with a measurement of the swelling strain as a function of humidity, as measured by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and X-ray reflectivity (XR), the swelling stress can be determined. An estimate of the Young's modulus of thin Nafion films as a function of relative humidity is obtained. The Young's modulus values indicate orientation of the ionic domains within the polymer films, which were confirmed by grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). This study represents a measurement platform that can be expanded to incorporate novel ionomer systems and fuel cell components to mimic the stress state of a working hydrogen fuel cell. C1 [Page, Kirt A.; Shin, Jae Wook; Rowe, Brandon W.; Kim, Sangcheol; Stafford, Gery R.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Eastman, Scott A.] United Technol Res Ctr, East Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Kusoglu, Ahmet] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yager, Kevin G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stafford, GR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gery.stafford@nist.gov RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; Kusoglu, Ahmet/0000-0002-2761-1050 FU NIST NRC Fellowship program; U.S. DOE Office of Science Facilities [DE-SC0012704] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Carlos Beauchamp, Bradley Frieberg, Christopher Stafford, and Christopher L. Soles of NIST for technical contributions, programmatic support, and several lively scientific discussions. S.A.E. and B.W.R. acknowledge support from the NIST NRC Fellowship program. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Research used resources of the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, and the National Synchrotron Light Source, which are U.S. DOE Office of Science Facilities, at Brookhaven National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-SC0012704. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD AUG 19 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 32 BP 17874 EP 17883 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b04080 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CP6VU UT WOS:000360027100042 PM 26258630 ER PT J AU Hu, L Chen, J Fan, LL Ren, Y Huang, QZ Sanson, A Jiang, Z Zhou, M Rong, YC Wang, Y Deng, JX Xing, XR AF Hu, Lei Chen, Jun Fan, Longlong Ren, Yang Huang, Qingzhen Sanson, Andrea Jiang, Zheng Zhou, Mei Rong, Yangchun Wang, Yong Deng, Jinxia Xing, Xianran TI High-Curie-Temperature Ferromagnetism in (Sc,Fe)F-3 Fluorides and its Dependence on Chemical Valence SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetic materials; fluorides; spintronics; multifunctional materials; structure-property relationships ID THERMAL-EXPANSION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; THIN-FILMS; DOPED ZNO; OXIDES; SEMICONDUCTORS; NANOCRYSTALS; NANOWIRES; EXCHANGE; FE C1 [Hu, Lei; Chen, Jun; Fan, Longlong; Rong, Yangchun; Deng, Jinxia; Xing, Xianran] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Chen, Jun] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Beijing Key Lab Special Melting & Preparat High E, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sanson, Andrea] Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Jiang, Zheng; Wang, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Mei] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM junchen@ustb.edu.cn; xing@ustb.edu.cn RI Chen, Jun/M-1669-2015; OI Zhou, Mei/0000-0003-1738-2116 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21322102, 91422301, 21231001]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [IRT1207]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China [FRF-TP-14-012C1]; Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities [B14003]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; [20140214] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21322102, 91422301, 21231001), the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1207), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (FRF-TP-14-012C1), and the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B14003). The use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-AC02-06CH11357). We thank the staff at beamlines BL14W and BL08U of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) for providing beam time to collect the Fe L- and K-edge EXAFS spectra and for assisting with the XAFS measurements. We are also grateful to the ELETTRA synchrotron radiation facility and the staff of the XAFS beamline for the Sc K-edge EXAFS spectrum of pure ScF3, which was collected during the project N. 20140214. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 17 U2 65 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD AUG 19 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 31 BP 4592 EP 4596 DI 10.1002/adma.201500868 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CP5HI UT WOS:000359911500013 PM 26149472 ER PT J AU McCoy, AP Bogan, J Walsh, L Byrne, C O'Connor, R Woicik, JC Hughes, G AF McCoy, A. P. Bogan, J. Walsh, L. Byrne, C. O'Connor, R. Woicik, J. C. Hughes, G. TI The impact of porosity on the formation of manganese based copper diffusion barrier layers on low-K dielectric materials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE barrier layers; interconnects; low-K; manganese; diffusion; copper; silicate ID FILMS AB This work investigates the impact of porosity in low-K dielectric materials on the chemical and structural properties of deposited Mn thin films for copper diffusion barrier layer applications. X-ray photoelectron spectrscopy (XPS) results highlight the difficulty in distinguishing between the various Mn oxidation states which form at the interlayer dielectric (ILD)/ Mn interface. The presence of MnSiO3 and MnO were identified using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements on both porous and non-porous dielectric materials with evidence of Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 in the deposited film on the latter surface. It is shown that a higher proportion of deposited Mn converts to Mn silicate on an ILD film which has 50% porosity compared with the same dielectric material with no porosity, which is attributed to an enhanced chemical interaction with the effective larger surface area of porous dielectric materials. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) data shows that the Mn overlayer remains predominately surface localised on both porous and non-porous materials. C1 [McCoy, A. P.; Bogan, J.; Walsh, L.; Byrne, C.; O'Connor, R.; Hughes, G.] Dublin City Univ, Sch Phys Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McCoy, AP (reprint author), Dublin City Univ, Sch Phys Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. EM Anthony.mccoy2@mail.dcu.ie FU SFI [13/IA/1955, 13/TIDA/I2753]; Irish Research Council (IRC); U.S Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge financial support from the SFI under the PI program grant number 13/IA/1955 and 13/TIDA/I2753 and CB acknowledges financial support from the Irish Research Council (IRC). Access to the X23A2 XAS beamline was obtained through a General User Proposal. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD AUG 19 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 32 AR 325102 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/48/32/325102 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CO1TI UT WOS:000358937800006 ER PT J AU Muramoto, S Sisco, E AF Muramoto, Shin Sisco, Edward TI Strategies for Potential Age Dating of Fingerprints through the Diffusion of Sebum Molecules on a Nonporous Surface Analyzed Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGENATED POLYBUTADIENE; LATENT FINGERPRINTS; TOF-SIMS; FINGERMARKS; METABOLITES; COEFFICIENT; DEPENDENCE; VISCOSITY; POLYMERS; RESIDUE AB Age dating of fingerprints could have a significant impact in forensic science, as it has the potential to facilitate the judicial process by assessing the relevance of a fingerprint found at a crime scene. However, no method currently exists that can reliably predict the age of a latent fingerprint. In this manuscript, time-of-flight secondary ion imaging mass spectrometry (TOP-SIMS) was used to measure the diffusivity of saturated fatty acid molecules from a fingerprint on a silicon wafer. It was found that their diffusion from relatively fresh fingerprints (t <= 96 h) could be modeled using an error function, with diffusivities (mm(3)/h) that followed a power function when plotted against molecular weight. The equation x = 0.02t(0.5) was obtained for palmitic acid that could be used to find its position in millimeters (where the concentration is 50% of its initial value or c(0)/2) as a function of time in hours. The results show that on a clean silicon substrate, the age of a fingerprint (t <= 96 h) could reliably be obtained through the extent of diffusion of palmitic acid. C1 [Muramoto, Shin; Sisco, Edward] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Muramoto, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shinichiro.muramoto@nist.gov RI Muramoto, Shin/I-6710-2016 OI Muramoto, Shin/0000-0003-3135-375X NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 18 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 16 BP 8035 EP 8038 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02018 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CP4ZW UT WOS:000359892100001 PM 26185934 ER PT J AU Petersen, EJ Diamond, SA Kennedy, AJ Goss, GG Ho, K Lead, J Hanna, SK Hartmann, NB Hund-Rinke, K Mader, B Manier, N Pandard, P Salinas, ER Sayre, P AF Petersen, Elijah J. Diamond, Stephen A. Kennedy, Alan J. Goss, Greg G. Ho, Kay Lead, Jamie Hanna, Shannon K. Hartmann, Nanna B. Hund-Rinke, Kerstin Mader, Brian Manier, Nicolas Pandard, Pascal Salinas, Edward R. Sayre, Phil TI Adapting OECD Aquatic Toxicity Tests for Use with Manufactured Nanomaterials: Key Issues and Consensus Recommendations SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ECOTOXICITY TEST METHODS; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONDITIONS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; CAPPED SILVER NANOPARTICLES; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS AB The unique or enhanced properties of manufactured nanomaterials (MNs) suggest that their use in nanoenabled products will continue to increase. This will result in increased potential for human and environmental exposure to MNs during manufacturing, use, and disposal of nanoenabled products. Scientifically based risk assessment for MNs necessitates the development of reproducible, standardized hazard testing methods such as those provided by the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Currently, there is no comprehensive guidance on how best to address testing issues specific to MN particulate, fibrous, or colloidal properties. This paper summarizes the findings from an expert workshop convened to develop a guidance document that addresses the difficulties encountered when testing MNs using OECD aquatic and sediment test guidelines. Critical components were identified by workshop participants that require specific guidance for MN testing: preparation of dispersions, dose metrics, the importance and challenges associated with maintaining and monitoring exposure levels, and the need for reliable methods to quantify MNs in complex media. To facilitate a scientific advance in the consistency of nanoecotoxicology test results, we identify and discuss critical considerations where expert consensus recommendations were and were not achieved and provide specific research recommendations to resolve issues for which consensus was not reached. This process will enable the development of prescriptive testing guidance for MNs. Critically, we highlight the need to quantify and properly interpret and express exposure during the bioassays used to determine hazard values. C1 [Petersen, Elijah J.; Hanna, Shannon K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Diamond, Stephen A.] NanoSafe Inc, Midwest Div, Duluth, MN 55802 USA. [Kennedy, Alan J.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Goss, Greg G.] Univ Alberta, Natl Res Council, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Goss, Greg G.] Univ Alberta, Natl Res Council, Natl Inst Nanotechnol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Ho, Kay] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Lead, Jamie] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ctr Environm Nanosci & Risk, Columbia, SC 29036 USA. [Hartmann, Nanna B.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Environm Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Hund-Rinke, Kerstin] Fraunhofer Inst Mol Biol & Appl Ecol, D-57392 Schmallenberg, Germany. [Mader, Brian] 3M Co, Environm Lab, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Manier, Nicolas; Pandard, Pascal] Inst Natl Environm Ind & Risques INERIS, F-60550 Verneuil En Halatte, France. [Salinas, Edward R.] BASF SE, Expt Toxicol & Ecol, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. [Sayre, Phil] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kennedy, AJ (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Alan.J.Kennedy@usace.army.mil; phil.sayre@verizon.net RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; Hartmann, Nanna B./A-1678-2009 OI Hartmann, Nanna B./0000-0002-0442-245X FU Army Environmental Quality and Installations (EQI) Technology Research Program; SmartState Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk; Environment Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); National Institute of Nanotechnology; Danish Environmental Protection Agency FX We acknowledge the significant contribution of workshop attendees who did not contribute to the writing of this paper: Zachary Collier, Teresa Fernandez, Jeff Gallagher, Richard Handy, Dale Hoff, Amuel Kennedy, Laura Nazef, Jeffery Steevens, Norishisa Tatarazako, David Tobias, Doris Voelker, and Kathrin Schwirn. Frank von der Kammer is thanked for giving a presentation at the workshop. Permission to publish this material was granted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Chief of Engineers and by the U.S. EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics. A portion of this work was funded through the Army Environmental Quality and Installations (EQI) Technology Research Program (Dr. Elizabeth Ferguson, Technical Director) for the U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center (ERDC). J.L. acknowledges financial support from the SmartState Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk. G.G.G. acknowledges financial support from Environment Canada, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and the National Institute of Nanotechnology. N.B.H. received funding from the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. NR 166 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 14 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 18 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 16 BP 9532 EP 9547 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b00997 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CP4ZS UT WOS:000359891700019 PM 26182079 ER PT J AU Orski, SV Sheridan, RJ Chan, EP Beers, KL AF Orski, Sara V. Sheridan, Richard J. Chan, Edwin P. Beers, Kathryn L. TI Utilizing vapor swelling of surface-initiated polymer brushes to develop quantitative measurements of brush thermodynamics and grafting density SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Polymer brush; Grafting density; Reflectivity ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SOLVENT QUALITY; GLASS-TRANSITION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; INTERACTION PARAMETERS; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; GRADUAL VARIATION; CONTROLLED GROWTH; SILICON SURFACES; FILMS AB The stimuli-responsive behavior of densely grafted polymer brushes makes them attractive for designing tunable coatings and thin film sensors, provided physical properties and thermodynamics of the brush are well characterized. This work investigates the swelling of highly extended poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer brushes in solvent vapors. All brushes have identical grafting density, but differing degrees of polymerization. Brushes were equilibrated in various saturated vapors, then characterized by X-ray reflectivity to measure thickness and scattering length density. One dimensional swelling normal to the surface is observed for all brushesolvent pairs; brushes swollen in good solvents generally exhibit decreasing polymer density along the thickness direction of the brush, while poor solvents swell the brush with minimal changes in the bulk brush density profiles relative to the dry state. Comparison of changes in brush height and film density upon swelling to existing mean-field models indicate that vapor solvation thermodynamics of polymer brush thin films is not explained by existing theory. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Orski, Sara V.; Sheridan, Richard J.; Chan, Edwin P.; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beers, KL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM beers@nist.gov OI Sheridan, Richard/0000-0002-8944-8076 NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD AUG 18 PY 2015 VL 72 BP 471 EP 478 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.030 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CP1QC UT WOS:000359649300057 ER PT J AU He, CZ Hu, CG Hu, XD Hu, XT Xiao, A Perkins, TT Li, HB AF He, Chengzhi Hu, Chunguang Hu, Xiaodong Hu, Xiaotang Xiao, Adam Perkins, Thomas T. Li, Hongbin TI Direct Observation of the Reversible Two-State Unfolding and Refolding of an alpha/beta Protein by Single-Molecule Atomic Force Microscopy SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; fluctuation theorem; force spectroscopy; protein folding; single-molecule studies ID CALMODULIN MOLECULES; FLUCTUATION THEOREM; FOLDING PATHWAY; ANKYRIN REPEATS; SPECTROSCOPY; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; COOPERATIVITY; PERSPECTIVE; BEHAVIOR AB Directly observing protein folding in real time using atomic force microscopy (AFM) is challenging. Here the use of AFM to directly monitor the folding of an alpha/beta protein, NuG2, by using low-drift AFM cantilevers is demonstrated. At slow pulling speeds (< 50 nm s(-1)), the refolding of NuG2 can be clearly observed. Lowering the pulling speed reduces the difference between the unfolding and refolding forces, bringing the non-equilibrium unfolding-refolding reactions towards equilibrium. At very low pulling speeds (ca. 2 nm s(-1)), unfolding and refolding were observed to occur in near equilibrium. Based on the Crooks fluctuation theorem, we then measured the equilibrium free energy change between folded and unfolded states of NuG2. The improved long-term stability of AFM achieved using gold-free cantilevers allows folding-unfolding reactions of alpha/beta proteins to be directly monitored near equilibrium, opening the avenue towards probing the folding reactions of other mechanically important alpha/beta and all-beta elastomeric proteins. C1 [He, Chengzhi; Xiao, Adam; Li, Hongbin] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Hu, Chunguang; Hu, Xiaodong; Hu, Xiaotang; Li, Hongbin] Tianjin Univ, Sch Precis Instrument & Optoelect Engn, State Key Lab Precis Measurements Technol & Instr, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Li, HB (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM Hongbin@chem.ubc.ca RI Li, Hongbin/G-2949-2012; Hu, Chunguang/S-5084-2016; OI Li, Hongbin/0000-0001-7813-1332; Hu, Chunguang/0000-0001-6485-904X; He, Chengzhi/0000-0001-5013-0207 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Chairs Program; Tianjin University; JILA Visiting Fellowship FX This work is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Chairs Program and Tianjin University. H.L. acknowledges the support of a JILA Visiting Fellowship. T.T.P. is a staff member for the Quantum Physics Division of NIST. Mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply NIST recommendation or endorsement. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 46 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PD AUG 17 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 34 BP 9921 EP 9925 DI 10.1002/anie.201502938 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CP9LF UT WOS:000360215100029 PM 26136291 ER PT J AU Smaha, RW Roudebush, JH Herb, JT Seibel, EM Krizan, JW Fox, GM Huang, QZ Arnold, CB Cava, RJ AF Smaha, Rebecca W. Roudebush, John H. Herb, Jake T. Seibel, Elizabeth M. Krizan, Jason W. Fox, Gary M. Huang, Qingzhen Arnold, Craig B. Cava, Robert J. TI Tuning Sodium Ion Conductivity in the Layered Honeycomb Oxide Na3-xSn2-xSbx,NaO6 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; DIFFUSION MECHANISMS; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; LITHIUM DIFFUSION; ENERGY-STORAGE; BATTERIES; MG; ZN; NI; DELAFOSSITES AB A series of compounds with the composition Na3-xSn2-xSbxNaO6 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0) has been prepared by solid-state reaction and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction (for x = 0.0), and impedance spectroscopy. The compounds have a layered structure derived from that of alpha-NaFeO2, with alternating Na-3 planes and NaSn2O6 slabs with honeycomb in-plane ordering. The structure of the parent compound, Na2SnO3, has been determined as a two-layer honeycomb in monoclinic space group C2/c. Due to charge neutrality requirements, the substitution of Sbs for Sn-4 creates sodium site vacancies that facilitate high sodium ion mobility. A decrease in layer stacking disorder is also observed. The conductivity increases linearly with x and has a maximum at x = 0.8 (1.43 x 10(-3) S/cm at 500 degrees C with suboptimal sample densities). This material may be of interest as a solid Na ion electrolyte. C1 [Smaha, Rebecca W.; Roudebush, John H.; Herb, Jake T.; Seibel, Elizabeth M.; Krizan, Jason W.; Fox, Gary M.; Cava, Robert J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Herb, Jake T.; Arnold, Craig B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Huang, Qingzhen] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Smaha, RW (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM rsmaha@alumni.princeton.edu OI Smaha, Rebecca/0000-0002-8349-2615; Seibel, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6728-5376 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-08ER46544] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Basic Energy Sciences, grant no. DE-FG02-08ER46544. The authors thank J. Cannarella for helpful discussions. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 17 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 16 BP 7985 EP 7991 DI 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01186 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA CP4AM UT WOS:000359824400034 PM 26213363 ER PT J AU Wagner, RP Guthrie, WF AF Wagner, Randall P. Guthrie, William F. TI Long-Term Stability of One-Inch Condenser Microphones Calibrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration; condenser microphone; laboratory standard microphone; long-term stability; microphone calibration; working standard microphone ID TRANSMITTER; SYSTEM; SOUND AB The devices calibrated most frequently by the acoustical measurement services at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) over the 50-year period from 1963 to 2012(1) were one-inch condenser microphones of three specific standard types: LS1Pn, LS1Po, and WS1P. Due to its long history of providing calibrations of such microphones to customers, NIST is in a unique position to analyze data concerning the long-term stability of these devices. This long history has enabled NIST to acquire and aggregate a substantial amount of repeat calibration data for a large number of microphones that belong to various other standards and calibration laboratories. In addition to determining microphone sensitivities at the time of calibration, it is important to have confidence that the microphones do not typically undergo significant drift as compared to the calibration uncertainty during the periods between calibrations. For each of the three microphone types, an average drift rate and approximate 95 % confidence interval were computed by two different statistical methods, and the results from the two methods were found to differ insignificantly in each case. These results apply to typical microphones of these types that are used in a suitable environment and handled with care. The average drift rate for Type LS1Pn microphones was -0.004 dB/year to 0.003 dB/year. The average drift rate for Type LS1Po microphones was -0.016 dB/year to 0.008 dB/year. The average drift rate for Type WS1P microphones was -0.004 dB/year to 0.018 dB/year. For each of these microphone types, the average drift rate is not significantly different from zero. This result is consistent with the performance expected of condenser microphones designed for use as transfer standards. In addition, the values that bound the confidence intervals are well within the limits specified for long-term stability in international standards. Even though these results show very good long-term stability historically for these microphone types, it is expected that periodic calibrations will always be done to track the calibration history of individual microphones and check for anomalies indicative of shifts in sensitivity. C1 [Wagner, Randall P.; Guthrie, William F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wagner, RP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM randall.wagner@nist.gov; william.guthrie@nist.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD AUG 17 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.6028/jres.120.012 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CP8IL UT WOS:000360136700001 PM 26958445 ER PT J AU Kotler, S Ozeri, R Kimball, DFJ AF Kotler, Shlomi Ozeri, Roee Kimball, Derek F. Jackson TI Constraints on Exotic Dipole-Dipole Couplings between Electrons at the Micrometer Scale SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL BOUNDS; EXPERIMENTAL LIMIT; ARION INTERACTION; LONG-RANGE; TORSION; SPIN; POSITRONIUM; PARTICLE; SEARCH; CONSTANT AB New constraints on exotic dipole-dipole interactions between electrons at the micrometer scale are established, based on a recent measurement of the magnetic interaction between two trapped Sr-88(+) ions. For light bosons (mass <= 0.1 eV) we obtain a 90% confidence interval for an axial-vector-mediated interaction strength of \g(A)(e)g(A)(e)/4 pi(h) over barc\ <= 1.2 x 10(-17). Assuming CPT invariance, this constraint is compared to that on anomalous electron-positron interactions, derived from positronium hyperfine spectroscopy. We find that the electron-electron constraint is 6 orders of magnitude more stringent than the electron-positron counterpart. Bounds on pseudoscalar-mediated interaction as well as on torsion gravity are also derived and compared with previous work performed at different length scales. Our constraints benefit from the high controllability of the experimental system which contained only two trapped particles. It therefore suggests a useful new platform for exotic particle searches, complementing other experimental efforts. C1 [Kotler, Shlomi] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ozeri, Roee] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Phys Complex Syst, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Kimball, Derek F. Jackson] Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Phys, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. RP Kotler, S (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-1307507]; I-Core: The Israeli Excellence Center "Circle of Light"; European Research Council [Ionology-616919] FX The collaboration resulting in this paper was suggested by Dmitry Budker. The authors are sincerely grateful to Mitch Watnik, Joshua Kerr, Gilad Perez, Moty Milgrom, and Guy Gur-Ari Krakover, for enlightening discussions. We thank Dmitry Budker and Jennie Guzman for their careful reading of our manuscript. This work was supported, in part, by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1307507 and by I-Core: The Israeli Excellence Center "Circle of Light" and the European Research Council (consolidator Grant No. Ionology-616919). NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 17 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 8 AR 081801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.081801 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CP4SD UT WOS:000359872000003 PM 26340180 ER PT J AU Li, MD Chang, CZ Kirby, BJ Jamer, ME Cui, WP Wu, LJ Wei, P Zhu, YM Heiman, D Li, J Moodera, JS AF Li, Mingda Chang, Cui-Zu Kirby, Brian. J. Jamer, Michelle E. Cui, Wenping Wu, Lijun Wei, Peng Zhu, Yimei Heiman, Don Li, Ju Moodera, Jagadeesh S. TI Proximity-Driven Enhanced Magnetic Order at Ferromagnetic-Insulator-Magnetic-Topological-Insulator Interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE BIAS; SURFACE; STATE AB Magnetic exchange driven proximity effect at a magnetic-insulator-topological-insulator (MI-TI) interface provides a rich playground for novel phenomena as well as a way to realize low energy dissipation quantum devices. Here we report a dramatic enhancement of proximity exchange coupling in the MI/magnetic- TI EuS/Sb2-xVxTe3 hybrid heterostructure, where V doping is used to drive the TI (Sb2Te3) magnetic. We observe an artificial antiferromagneticlike structure near the MI-TI interface, which may account for the enhanced proximity coupling. The interplay between the proximity effect and doping in a hybrid heterostructure provides insights into the engineering of magnetic ordering. C1 [Li, Mingda; Li, Ju] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Li, Mingda; Chang, Cui-Zu; Wei, Peng; Moodera, Jagadeesh S.] MIT, Fracsis Bitter Magnet Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Li, Mingda; Wu, Lijun; Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kirby, Brian. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jamer, Michelle E.; Heiman, Don] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Cui, Wenping] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Li, Ju] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Moodera, Jagadeesh S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Li, MD (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mingda@mit.edu; czchang@mit.edu; moodera@mit.edu RI Li, Ju/A-2993-2008; Wei, Peng/L-5738-2013; Chang, Cui-Zu/P-3049-2014; OI Li, Ju/0000-0002-7841-8058; Wei, Peng/0000-0003-2289-6007; Jamer, Michelle/0000-0001-5316-8817 FU STC CIQM under NSF [DMR-1231319]; NSF DMR [1207469]; ONR [N00014-13-1-0301]; MRSEC Program of the NSF [DMR-0819762]; NSF [DMR-907007, ECCS-1402738, DMR-1410636]; DOE-BES [DE-SC0012704] FX M. L. and C. Z. C. would thank the helpful discussion with Prof. Albert Fert. J. S. M. and C. Z. C. are thankful for support from the STC CIQM under NSF Grant No. DMR-1231319, NSF DMR Grant No. 1207469 and ONR Grant No. N00014-13-1-0301, and MRSEC Program of the NSF under Award No. DMR-0819762. M. J. and D. H. acknowledge support from NSF DMR-907007 and NSF ECCS-1402738. L. W. and Y. Z. were supported by DOE-BES under Contract No. DE-SC0012704. M. L. and J. L. acknowledge support from NSF DMR-1410636. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 14 U2 59 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 17 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 8 AR 087201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.087201 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CP4SD UT WOS:000359872000006 PM 26340203 ER PT J AU Chen, X Hogan, T Walkup, D Zhou, WW Pokharel, M Yao, ML Tian, W Ward, TZ Zhao, Y Parshall, D Opeil, C Lynn, JW Madhavan, V Wilson, SD AF Chen, Xiang Hogan, Tom Walkup, D. Zhou, Wenwen Pokharel, M. Yao, Mengliang Tian, Wei Ward, Thomas Z. Zhao, Y. Parshall, D. Opeil, C. Lynn, J. W. Madhavan, Vidya Wilson, Stephen D. TI Influence of electron doping on the ground state of (Sr1-xLax)(2)IrO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-GLASS; SR2IRO4; MAGNETORESISTANCE; CONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEMS; LOCALIZATION; TRANSPORT; PHASE AB The evolution of the electronic properties of electron-doped (Sr1-x La-x)(2)IrO4 is experimentally explored as the doping limit of La is approached. As electrons are introduced, the electronic ground-state transitions from a spin-orbit Mott phase into an electronically phase separated state, where long-range magnetic order vanishes beyond x = 0.02 and charge transport remains percolative up to the limit of La substitution (x approximate to 0.06). In particular, the electronic ground state remains inhomogeneous even beyond the collapse of the parent state's longrange antiferromagnetic order, while persistent short-range magnetism survives up to the highest La-substitution levels. Furthermore, as electrons are doped into Sr2IrO4, we observe the appearance of a low-temperature magnetic glasslike state intermediate to the complete suppression of antiferromagnetic order. Universalities and differences in the electron-doped phase diagrams of single-layer and bilayer Ruddlesden-Popper strontium iridates are discussed. C1 [Chen, Xiang; Hogan, Tom; Walkup, D.; Zhou, Wenwen; Pokharel, M.; Yao, Mengliang; Opeil, C.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Chen, Xiang; Hogan, Tom; Wilson, Stephen D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Tian, Wei] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ward, Thomas Z.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhao, Y.; Parshall, D.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Madhavan, Vidya] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Madhavan, Vidya] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM stephendwilson@engineering.ucsb.edu RI Ward, Thomas/I-6636-2016; Zhou, Wenwen/K-9854-2016; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013 OI Ward, Thomas/0000-0002-1027-9186; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187 FU NSF CAREER award [DMR-1056625]; NSF [DMR-0944772, DMR-1305647]; US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; [DMR-1337567] FX X.C. gratefully acknowledges Brandon Isaac and the 11-BM beam line staff for assistance with experiments. This work was supported in part by NSF CAREER award DMR-1056625 (S.D.W. and X.C.). This work utilized facilities supported in part under NSF award DMR-0944772 and SQUID measurements were supported in part by grant DMR-1337567. Part of this effort was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, (TZW). STM work was supported by NSF DMR-1305647 (V.M.). Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Research conducted at ORNLs High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 17 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 7 AR 075125 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.075125 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CP1ZD UT WOS:000359675600002 ER PT J AU Hughes, M Cassano, JJ AF Hughes, Mimi Cassano, John J. TI The climatological distribution of extreme Arctic winds and implications for ocean and sea ice processes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Arctic climate; climate extremes; extreme winds ID EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; BARRIER WINDS; IRMINGER SEA; SOUTHEAST GREENLAND; GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY; WEATHER RESEARCH; DENMARK STRAIT; SURFACE FLUXES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ERA-INTERIM AB Some of the strongest near-surface winds on Earth form in the Arctic and sub-Arctic due to intense midlatitude cyclones and mesoscale processes, and these strong surface winds have important impacts on ocean and sea ice processes. We examine the climatological distribution of over-ocean, near-surface wind speeds within a Pan-Arctic domain for 18years (1990-2007) in four gridded data sets: the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim reanalysis (ERA-I), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, version 2 of the Common Ocean-Ice Reference Experiment data set, and a regional climate simulation generated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model run at 50km (WRF50) horizontal resolution with ERA Interim as lateral boundary conditions. We estimate probability density functions, the annual cycle, and map the 50th and 99th percentile winds. We then perform the same statistical analysis of winds for 2years when 10km WRF data are available (June 2005 to May 2007); despite the much shorter time period, the Pan-Arctic statistics are very similar to those from the 18year analysis. We repeat the wind speed statistical analysis within a subdomain surrounding Greenland and find that WRF10 has consistently larger maximum wind speeds, but this difference only appears at wind speed percentiles higher than 99%. Differences in the 99th percentile wind speeds are spatially heterogeneous. An investigation of surface fluxes within WRF50 and WRF10 reveals unrealistically large sensible heat fluxes along the sea ice edge, and the geographic distribution and magnitude of these fluxes is shown to be sensitive to sea ice representation in WRF. C1 [Hughes, Mimi; Cassano, John J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hughes, Mimi] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Cassano, John J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hughes, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Mimi.Hughes@noaa.gov RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289 FU Department of Energy [DE-SC0006178]; National Science Foundation [PLR 1107788]; U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX This research was supported by the Department of Energy grant DE-SC0006178 and the National Science Foundation grant PLR 1107788. Computing resources for the WRF simulations were provided via a Challenge grant from the U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. The reanalysis data for this manuscript are available on the Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory: ERA-I, http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds627.0/; CFSR, http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds093.1/. The COREv2 data were retrieved from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's data portal: http://data1.gfdl.noaa.gov/nomads/forms/core/COREv2.html. The WRF simulations are available through personal communication with the corresponding author (mimi.hughes@noaa.gov). We would like to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their comments, which greatly improved the manuscript. We would also like to thank Alice DuVivier, Andrew Roberts, and Wieslaw Maslowski for discussions along the way that improved the manuscript. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 15 BP 7358 EP 7377 DI 10.1002/2015JD023189 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ3KV UT WOS:000360501900005 ER PT J AU Pavolonis, MJ Sieglaff, J Cintineo, J AF Pavolonis, Michael J. Sieglaff, Justin Cintineo, John TI Spectrally Enhanced Cloud ObjectsA generalized framework for automated detection of volcanic ash and dust clouds using passive satellite measurements: 1. Multispectral analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; volcanic ash; dust clouds; clouds; radiative transfer; probability ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; COMPONENT IMAGE-ANALYSIS; LAGUNA-MAR-CHIQUITA; EFFECTIVE EMISSIVITY; REDOUBT VOLCANO; CIRRUS CLOUDS; AFRICAN DUST; DESERT DUST; PART I; MODIS AB While satellites are a proven resource for detecting and tracking volcanic ash and dust clouds, existing algorithms for automatically detecting volcanic ash and dust either exhibit poor overall skill or can only be applied to a limited number of sensors and/or geographic regions. As such, existing techniques are not optimized for use in real-time applications like volcanic eruption alerting and data assimilation. In an effort to significantly improve upon existing capabilities, the Spectrally Enhanced Cloud Objects (SECO) algorithm was developed. The SECO algorithm utilizes a combination of radiative transfer theory, a statistical model, and image processing techniques to identify volcanic ash and dust clouds in satellite imagery with a very low false alarm rate. This fully automated technique is globally applicable (day and night) and can be adapted to a wide range of low earth orbit and geostationary satellite sensors or even combinations of satellite sensors. The SECO algorithm consists of four primary components: conversion of satellite measurements into robust spectral metrics, application of a Bayesian method to estimate the probability that a given satellite pixel contains volcanic ash and/or dust, construction of cloud objects, and the selection of cloud objects deemed to have the physical attributes consistent with volcanic ash and/or dust clouds. The first two components of the SECO algorithm are described in this paper, while the final two components are described in a companion paper. C1 [Pavolonis, Michael J.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sieglaff, Justin; Cintineo, John] Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Pavolonis, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Mike.Pavolonis@noaa.gov RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X FU NOAA GOES-R FX NOAA GOES-R Risk Reduction funded this research. The MODIS data utilized in this study are freely available from the NASA Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS) at http://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/. The software utilized to generate the results described in this paper is available upon request by sending an email to Mike.Pavolonis@noaa.gov. We thank Dr. Fred Prata and an anonymous reviewer for helping improve the quality of the manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 15 BP 7813 EP 7841 DI 10.1002/2014JD022968 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ3KV UT WOS:000360501900032 ER PT J AU Pavolonis, MJ Sieglaff, J Cintineo, J AF Pavolonis, Michael J. Sieglaff, Justin Cintineo, John TI Spectrally Enhanced Cloud ObjectsA generalized framework for automated detection of volcanic ash and dust clouds using passive satellite measurements: 2. Cloud object analysis and global application SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; volcanic ash; dust clouds; radiative transfer; cloud objects; probability AB A new approach for quantitatively detecting volcanic ash and dust from satellite has been developed. The Spectrally Enhanced Cloud Objects (SECO) algorithm utilizes a combination of radiative transfer theory, a statistical model, and image processing techniques to identify volcanic ash and dust clouds in satellite imagery with a very low false alarm rate. This fully automated technique is globally applicable (day and night) and can be adapted to a wide range of low Earth orbit and geostationary satellite sensors or even combinations of satellite sensors. The SECO algorithm consists of four primary components: conversion of satellite measurements into robust spectral metrics, application of a Bayesian method to estimate the probability that a given satellite pixel contains volcanic ash and/or dust, construction of cloud objects, and the selection of cloud objects deemed to have the physical attributes consistent with volcanic ash and/or dust clouds. The first two components of the SECO algorithm were described in Part 1 of this study. The final two components are described in this paper. In addition, case studies and a global analysis are utilized to illustrate the benefits of the SECO approach relative to the traditional split window ash/dust detection technique. The SECO algorithm can form the basis for more advanced applications such as volcanic cloud alerting and data assimilation. C1 [Pavolonis, Michael J.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sieglaff, Justin; Cintineo, John] Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Pavolonis, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Mike.Pavolonis@noaa.gov RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X FU NOAA GOES-R FX NOAA GOES-R Risk Reduction funded this research. The MODIS data utilized in this study are freely available from the NASA Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS) at http://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/. The MTSAT-2 data are available from the Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) Data Center at http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/datacenter/archive.html. The software utilized to generate the results described in this paper is available upon request by sending an email to Mike.Pavolonis@noaa.gov. We thank Fred Prata and an anonymous reviewer for helping improve the quality of the manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 15 BP 7842 EP 7870 DI 10.1002/2014JD022969 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ3KV UT WOS:000360501900033 ER PT J AU Rykaczewski, RR Dunne, JP Sydeman, WJ Garcia-Reyes, M Black, BA Bograd, SJ AF Rykaczewski, Ryan R. Dunne, John P. Sydeman, William J. Garcia-Reyes, Marisol Black, Bryan A. Bograd, Steven J. TI Poleward displacement of coastal upwelling-favorable winds in the ocean's eastern boundary currents through the 21st century SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coastal upwelling; climate change; ocean biogeochemistry; ecosystem oceanography; deoxygenation; acidification ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; SEASONAL CYCLE; INTENSIFICATION; HYPOXIA; FUTURE; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; REGIONS AB Upwelling is critical to the biological production, acidification, and deoxygenation of the ocean's major eastern boundary current ecosystems. A leading conceptual hypothesis projects that the winds that induce coastal upwelling will intensify in response to increased land-sea temperature differences associated with anthropogenic global warming. We examine this hypothesis using an ensemble of coupled, ocean-atmosphere models and find limited evidence for intensification of upwelling-favorable winds or atmospheric pressure gradients in response to increasing land-sea temperature differences. However, our analyses reveal consistent latitudinal and seasonal dependencies of projected changes in wind intensity associated with poleward migration of major atmospheric high-pressure cells. Summertime winds near poleward boundaries of climatological upwelling zones are projected to intensify, while winds near equatorward boundaries are projected to weaken. Developing a better understanding of future changes in upwelling winds is essential to identifying portions of the oceans susceptible to increased hypoxia, ocean acidification, and eutrophication under climate change. C1 [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Sydeman, William J.; Garcia-Reyes, Marisol] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA USA. [Black, Bryan A.] Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. RP Rykaczewski, RR (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM ryk@sc.edu RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009; Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016 OI Rykaczewski, Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X FU NSF [1434530, 1434732]; NOAA's Environmental Research Division; U.S. Department of Energy's PCMDI FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Program's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP5, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table S1) for producing and contributing their model output. For CMIP5, the U.S. Department of Energy's PCMDI provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. Researchers may access the complete climate model data used in these analyses via the PCMDI. Support for this study was provided by NSF awards 1434530 and 1434732, NOAA's Environmental Research Division, and donors to the Farallon Institute. We would like to thank the reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 60 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 15 BP 6424 EP 6431 DI 10.1002/2015GL064694 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CQ2FM UT WOS:000360414900036 ER PT J AU Karnauskas, KB Jenouvrier, S Brown, CW Murtugudde, R AF Karnauskas, K. B. Jenouvrier, S. Brown, C. W. Murtugudde, R. TI Strong sea surface cooling in the eastern equatorial Pacific and implications for Galapagos Penguin conservation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE upwelling; conservation; penguins; Galapagos; ocean circulation; climate ID EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; WARMING HIATUS; OCEAN; UNDERCURRENT; CURRENTS; CLIMATE; SST AB The Galapagos is a flourishing yet fragile ecosystem whose health is particularly sensitive to regional and global climate variations. The distribution of several species, including the Galapagos Penguin, is intimately tied to upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water along the western shores of the archipelago. Here we show, using reliable, high-resolution sea surface temperature observations, that the Galapagos cold pool has been intensifying and expanding northward since 1982. The linear cooling trend of 0.8 degrees C/33yr is likely the result of long-term changes in equatorial ocean circulation previously identified. Moreover, the northward expansion of the cold pool is dynamically consistent with a slackening of the cross-equatorial component of the regional trade windsleading to an equatorward shift of the mean position of the Equatorial Undercurrent. The implied change in strength and distribution of upwelling has important implications for ongoing and future conservation measures in the Galapagos. C1 [Karnauskas, K. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karnauskas, K. B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jenouvrier, S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Jenouvrier, S.] CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, Villiers En Bois, France. [Jenouvrier, S.] Univ La Rochelle, Villiers En Bois, France. [Brown, C. W.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Murtugudde, R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Karnauskas, KB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kristopher.karnauskas@colorado.edu RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008; OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391; jenouvrier, stephanie/0000-0003-3324-2383 FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; James E. and Barbara V. Moltz Fellowship; National Science Foundation (NSF) Physical Oceanography program [OCE-1233282]; WHOI; NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research FX K.B.K. acknowledges support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the James E. and Barbara V. Moltz Fellowship administered by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Ocean and Climate Change Institute (OCCI), and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Physical Oceanography program (grant OCE-1233282). S.J. acknowledges support from WHOI. C.W.B. was supported by the NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research. The authors are very grateful for the tremendous effort by many to collect the ecological data published in Boersma et al. [2013]. All data sets are publicly available (see section 2) and/or freely available upon request. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 15 BP 6432 EP 6437 DI 10.1002/2015GL064456 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CQ2FM UT WOS:000360414900037 ER PT J AU Schaefer, AM Titcomb, EM Fair, PA Stavros, HCW Mazzoil, M Bossart, GD Reif, JS AF Schaefer, Adam M. Titcomb, Elizabeth Murdoch Fair, Patricia A. Stavros, Hui-Chen W. Mazzoil, Marilyn Bossart, Gregory D. Reif, John S. TI Mercury concentrations in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting the Indian River Lagoon, Florida: Patterns of spatial and temporal distribution SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Indian River Lagoon; Florida; Bottlenose dolphins ID SOUTHEAST; TRENDS; COAST; FISH; LAKE; USA AB Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting the Indian River Lagoon, FL (IRL) have tissue mercury concentrations among the highest reported worldwide. Analysis of total mercury (THg) concentrations in blood collected between 2003 and 2012 showed a significant linear decrease over time (p = 0.04). Significant differences in the spatial distribution of THg in resident IRL dolphins were also observed with a general gradient in concentration from north to south. Evaluation of local biogeochemistry and accumulation of mercury in prey species is needed to better understand factors influencing the distribution of Hg in the apex predator. Analyses of temporal and spatial patterns of exposure to THg in this sentinel species may have implications for both ecosystem and public health in the region. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schaefer, Adam M.; Titcomb, Elizabeth Murdoch; Mazzoil, Marilyn] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.; Stavros, Hui-Chen W.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, NOS, Charleston, SC 29142 USA. [Stavros, Hui-Chen W.] O2Si Smart Solut, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Schaefer, AM (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM aschaef3@fau.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 544 EP 547 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.007 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2GJ UT WOS:000360417800070 PM 26119626 ER PT J AU Fanney, AH Payne, V Ullah, T Ng, L Boyd, M Omar, F Davis, M Skye, H Dougherty, B Polidoro, B Healy, W Kneifel, J Pettit, B AF Fanney, A. Hunter Payne, Vance Ullah, Tania Ng, Lisa Boyd, Matthew Omar, Farhad Davis, Mark Skye, Harrison Dougherty, Brian Polidoro, Brian Healy, William Kneifel, Joshua Pettit, Betsy TI Net-zero and beyond! Design and performance of NIST's net-zero energy residential test facility SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE Net-zero energy buildings; Photovoltaic; Solar thermal; Air-to-air heat pump; Heat recovery ventilator; Test facility; National Institute of Standards and Technology AB A Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility has been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to demonstrate that a home similar in size, aesthetics, and amenities to those in the surrounding communities can achieve net-zero while meeting the needs of a four member family. The home incorporates a vast array of renewable energy and energy efficient technologies, a subset of which was used during the first year of operation, including an air-to-air heat pump system, a solar photovoltaic system, a solar thermal hot water system, and a heat recovery ventilation system (HRV). The solar photovoltaic system generated 13,523 kWh of energy, exceeding the home's annual energy consumption by 484 kWh during the 12-month test interval. The solar thermal hot water system provided 54% of the energy required to meet the hot water load. Use of the heat recovery ventilator, used to provide ventilation air to the home, resulted in 1965 kWh of energy consumption, 514 kW h to power the HRV and 1451 of energy used by the heat pump system to meet the additional sensible and thermal loads. This paper describes the facility and presents performance data for the first year of operation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fanney, A. Hunter; Payne, Vance; Ullah, Tania; Ng, Lisa; Boyd, Matthew; Omar, Farhad; Davis, Mark; Skye, Harrison; Dougherty, Brian; Polidoro, Brian; Healy, William; Kneifel, Joshua; Pettit, Betsy] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fanney, A. Hunter; Payne, Vance; Ullah, Tania; Ng, Lisa; Boyd, Matthew; Omar, Farhad; Davis, Mark; Skye, Harrison; Dougherty, Brian; Polidoro, Brian; Healy, William; Kneifel, Joshua; Pettit, Betsy] Bldg Sci Corp, Somerville, NJ 02143 USA. RP Fanney, AH (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hunter.fanney@nist.gov; vance.pane@nist.gov; tania.ullah@nist.gov; lisa.ng@nist.gov; matthew.boyd@nist.gov; farhad.omar@nist.gov; mark.davis@nist.gov; harrison.skye@nist.gov; brian.dougherty@nist.gov; brian.polidoro@nist.gov; william.healy@nist.gov; joshua.kneifel@nist.gov; betsy@buildingscience.com NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 EI 1872-6178 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 101 BP 95 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.05.002 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CL8QB UT WOS:000357238100010 ER PT J AU Josell, D Bonevich, JE Nguyen, TM Johnson, RN AF Josell, D. Bonevich, J. E. Nguyen, T. M. Johnson, R. N. TI Heat transfer through nanoscale multilayered thermal barrier coatings at elevated temperatures SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Thermal barrier coating; Heat transfer; Interfacial thermal resistance; Interfacial thermal conductance; Multilayer; Alumina; Zirconia; 7YSZ ID EB-PVD; TAILORED MICROSTRUCTURE; PULSE EXPERIMENTS; FLASH METHOD; CONDUCTIVITY; DIFFUSIVITY; FILMS; ALUMINUM/TITANIUM; REFLECTANCE; DEPOSITION AB Heat transfer through thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) composed of alternating nanometer thick layers of aluminum oxide and 7% yttria stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) was studied by pulsed heating at temperatures in the range 1275 K to 1375 K. The thermal diffusivity of the TBCs, deposited on thin metal foils by electron beam evaporation and coated with an opaque, submicrometer metal capping layer, was studied by applying a sub-mu s duration heating pulse from a Q-switched laser to the substrate and then monitoring the temperature rise on the opposing, metal-capped surface of the TBC. The recorded temperature transients were modeled using properties of the constituent materials in order to obtain an upper bound of the thermal resistance associated with the interfaces between layers. The results thus provide insight into the feasibility of using interfacial thermal resistance in this material system to improve TBC performance by decreasing thermal conductivity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Josell, D.; Bonevich, J. E.; Nguyen, T. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johnson, R. N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Josell, D (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.josell@nist.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 275 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat2015.05.036 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CM5UG UT WOS:000357753900012 ER PT J AU Zhang, DS Shaw, JM Smith, DJ McCartney, MR AF Zhang, Desai Shaw, Justin M. Smith, David J. McCartney, Martha R. TI Domain structure and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in CoFe/Pd multilayers using off-axis electron holography SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Off-axis electron holography; CoFe/Pd multilayers; Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy; Magnetic domain structure ID QUANTUM DOTS; REVERSAL; MEDIA AB Multilayers of Co90Fe10/Pd with different bilayer thicknesses, have been deposited by dc-magnetron sputtering on thermally oxidized Si wafers. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the highly textured crystalline films had columnar structure, while scanning transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy respectively indicated some layer waviness and surface roughness. The magnetic domain structure and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of the Co90Fe10/Pd multilayers were investigated by off-axis electron holography and magnetic force microscopy. The Co90Fe10 layer thickness was the primary factor determining the magnetic domain size and the perpendicular magnetization: both decreased as the thickness increased. The strongest PMA was observed in the sample with the thinnest magnetic layer of 0.45 nm. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Desai] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Shaw, Justin M.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Smith, David J.; McCartney, Martha R.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Zhang, DS (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM dzhang28@asu.edu; justin.shaw@nist.gov; David.Smith@asu.edu; Molly.McCartney@asu.edu RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521 FU DoE Grant [DE-FG02-04ER46168] FX This work was supported by DoE Grant DE-FG02-04ER46168. We gratefully acknowledge the use of facilities within the John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy at Arizona State University, and we thank the assistance from the M02 Group, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science for use of the AFM/MFM facility and discussion. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 388 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.04.015 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CG7ZC UT WOS:000353525400004 ER PT J AU Lester, BJ Luick, N Kaufman, AM Reynolds, CM Regal, CA AF Lester, Brian J. Luick, Niclas Kaufman, Adam M. Reynolds, Collin M. Regal, Cindy A. TI Rapid Production of Uniformly Filled Arrays of Neutral Atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE ATOMS; ULTRACOLD COLLISIONS; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; MICROTRAP; TRAP AB We demonstrate rapid loading of a small array of optical tweezers with a single Rb-87 atom per site. We find that loading efficiencies of up to 90% per tweezer are achievable in less than 170 ms for traps separated by more than 1.7 mu m. Interestingly, we find the load efficiency is affected by nearby traps and present the efficiency as a function of the spacing between two optical tweezers. This enhanced loading, combined with subsequent rearranging of filled sites, will enable the study of quantum many-body systems via quantum gas assembly. C1 [Lester, Brian J.; Luick, Niclas; Kaufman, Adam M.; Reynolds, Collin M.; Regal, Cindy A.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lester, Brian J.; Luick, Niclas; Kaufman, Adam M.; Reynolds, Collin M.; Regal, Cindy A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lester, Brian J.; Luick, Niclas; Kaufman, Adam M.; Reynolds, Collin M.; Regal, Cindy A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Luick, Niclas] Univ Hamburg, Inst Laserphys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. RP Lester, BJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM blester@jila.colorado.edu; regal@colorado.edu FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation [1125844]; Clare Boothe Luce Foundation; Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes FX We thank Mikkel Andersen and his colleagues for a helpful discussion, as well as Mike Foss-Feig, Yiheng Lin, and Randall Ball for useful comments. This work was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. C. A. R. acknowledges support from the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation. N. L. acknowledges support from the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 7 AR 073003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.073003 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CO9HF UT WOS:000359484800006 PM 26317718 ER PT J AU Melcher, J Stirling, J Shaw, GA AF Melcher, John Stirling, Julian Shaw, Gordon A. TI A simple method for the determination of qPlus sensor spring constants SO BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; calibration; non-contact atomic force microscopy; qPlus ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; QUARTZ TUNING FORK; FREQUENCY-SHIFTS; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIBRATION; METROLOGY AB qPlus sensors are widely used to measure forces at the atomic scale, however, confidence in these measurements is limited by inconsistent reports of the spring constant of the sensor and complications from finite tip heights. Here we combine a numerical investigation of the force reconstruction with an experimental characterization of the flexural mechanics of the qPlus sensor. Numerical studies reveal significant errors in reconstructed force for tip heights exceeding 400 mu m or one sixth of the cantilever length. Experimental results with a calibrated nanoindenter reveal excellent agreement with an Euler-Bernoulli beam model for the sensor. Prior to the attachment of a tip, measured spring constants of 1902 +/- 29 N/m are found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions for the geometry and material properties of the sensor once a peaked ridge in the beam cross section is included. We further develop a correction necessary to adjust the spring constant for the size and placement of the tip. C1 [Melcher, John; Stirling, Julian; Shaw, Gordon A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shaw, GA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gordon.shaw@nist.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU BEILSTEIN-INSTITUT PI FRANKFURT AM MAIN PA TRAKEHNER STRASSE 7-9, FRANKFURT AM MAIN, 60487, GERMANY SN 2190-4286 J9 BEILSTEIN J NANOTECH JI Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. PD AUG 14 PY 2015 VL 6 BP 1733 EP 1742 DI 10.3762/bjnano.6.177 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CO8VO UT WOS:000359450500001 PM 26425425 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Li, B Wu, H Hu, TL Yao, ZZ Zhou, W Xiang, SC Chen, BL AF Wang, Hailong Li, Bin Wu, Hui Hu, Tong-Liang Yao, Zizhu Zhou, Wei Xiang, Shengchang Chen, Banglin TI A Flexible Microporous Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework for Gas Sorption and Separation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY SELECTIVE ADSORPTION; HYDROPHOBIC DIPEPTIDES; MOLECULAR TECTONICS; SURFACE-AREA; CRYSTALS; NETWORKS; EXCHANGE; BINDING; DESIGN; HYDROCARBONS AB A microporous three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF-5) has been constructed from a new organic linker 4,4',4 '',4'''-tetra(2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-6-yptetraphenylethene. Activated HOF-5a exhibits a stepwise N-2 adsorption isotherm at 77 K, suggesting framework flexibility. The structure of activated HOF-5a has been established by powder X-ray diffraction studies, indicating a significant framework contraction from as-synthesized HOF-5 to activated HOF-5a of similar to 21% by volume. HOF-5a shows moderately high porosity with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 1101 m(2)/g, and takes up a large amount of acetylene and carbon dioxide under ambient conditions. Powder neutron diffraction studies and theoretical calculations reveal that suitable pore sizes, curvatures, and functional sites collectively enable HOF-5a to encapsulate a high density of carbon dioxide molecules packed in a pseudo-one-dimensional array along the pore channel. C1 [Wang, Hailong; Li, Bin; Hu, Tong-Liang; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yao, Zizhu; Xiang, Shengchang] Fujian Normal Univ, Fujian Prov Key Lab Polymer Mat, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Fuzhou 350007, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, W (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov; banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Xiang, Shengchang/F-9210-2010; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Li, Bin/J-6124-2015 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Xiang, Shengchang/0000-0001-6016-2587; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Li, Bin/0000-0002-7774-5452 FU Welch Foundation [AX-1730] FX This work was supported by the grant AX-1730 from the Welch Foundation (B.C.). NR 84 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 24 U2 170 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 12 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 31 BP 9963 EP 9970 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b05644 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CP1CK UT WOS:000359613300032 PM 26214340 ER PT J AU Nadon, MO Ault, JS Williams, ID Smith, SG DiNardo, GT AF Nadon, Marc O. Ault, Jerald S. Williams, Ivor D. Smith, Steven G. DiNardo, Gerard T. TI Length-Based Assessment of Coral Reef Fish Populations in the Main and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PROTECTED AREAS; FLORIDA-KEYS; FISHERIES; MORTALITY; SUSTAINABILITY; SERRANIDAE; GROUPER AB The coral reef fish community of Hawaii is composed of hundreds of species, supports a multimillion dollar fishing and tourism industry, and is of great cultural importance to the local population. However, a major stock assessment of Hawaiian coral reef fish populations has not yet been conducted. Here we used the robust indicator variable "average length in the exploited phase of the population ((L) over bar)", estimated from size composition data from commercial fisheries trip reports and fishery-independent diver surveys, to evaluate exploitation rates for 19 Hawaiian reef fishes. By and large, the average lengths obtained from diver surveys agreed well with those from commercial data. We used the estimated exploitation rates coupled with life history parameters synthesized from the literature to parameterize a numerical population model and generate stock sustainability metrics such as spawning potential ratios (SPR). We found good agreement between predicted average lengths in an unfished population (from our population model) and those observed from diver surveys in the largely unexploited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Of 19 exploited reef fish species assessed in the main Hawaiian Islands, 9 had SPRs close to or below the 30% overfishing threshold. In general, longer-lived species such as surgeonfishes, the redlip parrotfish (Scarus rubroviolaceus), and the gray snapper (Aprion virescens) had the lowest SPRs, while short-lived species such as goatfishes and jacks, as well as two invasive species (Lutjanus kasmira and Cephalopholis argus), had SPRs above the 30% threshold. C1 [Nadon, Marc O.; Ault, Jerald S.; Smith, Steven G.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Nadon, Marc O.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Nadon, Marc O.; Williams, Ivor D.; DiNardo, Gerard T.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Nadon, MO (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM marc.nadon@noaa.gov RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008 OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007 FU National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA) Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) iREEF [WE-133F-12-SE-2099]; NOAA Papahanaumokea Marine National Monument Grant [RA133C11SE2851]; NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program, NOAA Fisheries; NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries FX The research was partially supported by the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA) Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) iREEF Contract No. WE-133F-12-SE-2099 and the NOAA Papahanaumokea Marine National Monument Grant No. RA133C11SE2851. Funding for the reef fish surveys was provided by the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division as part of the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program, NOAA Fisheries, and NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 34 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 12 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0133960 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0133960 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO9JT UT WOS:000359492300028 PM 26267473 ER PT J AU Cooper, NR Rey, AM AF Cooper, N. R. Rey, A. M. TI Adiabatic control of atomic dressed states for transport and sensing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; CLOCK AB We describe forms of adiabatic transport that arise for dressed-state atoms in optical lattices. Focusing on the limit of weak tunnel-coupling between nearest-neighbor lattice sites, we explain how adiabatic variation of optical dressing allows control of atomic motion between lattice sites: allowing adiabatic particle transport in a direction that depends on the internal state, and force measurements via spectroscopic preparation and readout. For uniformly filled bands these systems display topologically quantized particle transport. An implementation of the dressing scheme using optical transitions in alkaline-earth atoms is discussed as well as its favorable features for precise force sensing. C1 [Cooper, N. R.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, TCM Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cooper, NR (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, TCM Grp, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RI Cooper, Nigel/C-4909-2009 OI Cooper, Nigel/0000-0002-4662-1254 FU EPSRC [EP/K030094/1]; NSF [PIF-1211914, PFC-1125844]; AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI; NIST; ARO FX The authors thank Jun Ye and Michael Wall for useful discussions. This work was supported by EPSRC Grant EP/K030094/1, by the JILA Visiting Fellows Program, the NSF (PIF-1211914 and PFC-1125844), AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI, NIST, and ARO individual investigator awards. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 12 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 2 AR 021401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.021401 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CO8RN UT WOS:000359438400002 ER PT J AU Kollars, NM Krueger-Hadfield, SA Byers, JE Greig, TW Strand, AE Weinberger, F Sotka, EE AF Kollars, Nicole M. Krueger-Hadfield, Stacy A. Byers, James E. Greig, Thomas W. Strand, Allan E. Weinberger, Florian Sotka, Erik E. TI Development and characterization of microsatellite loci for the haploid-diploid red seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Complex life cycles; Biological invasions; Seaweed; Microsatellites; Haploid-diploid; Gracilaria vermiculophylla ID BIPHASIC LIFE-CYCLES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CHONDRUS-CRISPUS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; RHODOPHYTA REVEALS; INVASIVE SEAWEED; BRACKISH-WATER; MATING SYSTEM AB Microsatellite loci are popular molecular markers due to their resolution in distinguishing individual genotypes. However, they have rarely been used to explore the population dynamics in species with biphasic life cycles in which both haploid and diploid stages develop into independent, functional organisms. We developed microsatellite loci for the haploid-diploid red seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla, a widespread non-native species in coastal estuaries of the Northern hemisphere. Forty-two loci were screened for amplification and polymorphism. Nine of these loci were polymorphic across four populations of the extant range with two to eleven alleles observed. Mean observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.265 to 0.527 and 0.317 to 0.387, respectively. Overall, these markers will aid in the study of the invasive history of this seaweed and further studies on the population dynamics of this important haploid-diploid primary producer. C1 [Kollars, Nicole M.; Krueger-Hadfield, Stacy A.; Strand, Allan E.; Sotka, Erik E.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Kollars, Nicole M.; Krueger-Hadfield, Stacy A.; Strand, Allan E.; Sotka, Erik E.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Byers, James E.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Greig, Thomas W.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Weinberger, Florian] Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch Kiel GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. RP Sotka, EE (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. EM sotkae@cofc.edu RI Weinberger, Florian/O-5554-2015 OI Weinberger, Florian/0000-0003-3366-6880 FU NSF [OCE-1057707, OCE-1057713, OCE-1357386]; College of Charleston Graduate Research Grants; Phycological Society of America Grants-in-Aid-of-Research Fellowship; Zostera Experimental Network Graduate Research Fellowship [NSF OCE-1031061] FX This project was supported by NSF OCE-1057707 to JEB, OCE-1057713 to EES and OCE-1357386 to EES, SAKH and AES, as well as College of Charleston Graduate Research Grants, a Phycological Society of America Grants-in-Aid-of-Research Fellowship, and the Zostera Experimental Network Graduate Research Fellowship (NSF OCE-1031061 to JE Duffy) to NMK. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 19 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD AUG 11 PY 2015 VL 3 AR e1159 DI 10.7717/peerj.1159 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ8GP UT WOS:000360845100004 PM 26339541 ER PT J AU Unemoto, A Ikeshoji, T Yasaku, S Matsuo, M Stavila, V Udovic, TJ Orimo, S AF Unemoto, Atsushi Ikeshoji, Tamio Yasaku, Syun Matsuo, Motoaki Stavila, Vitalie Udovic, Terrence J. Orimo, Shin-ichi TI Stable Interface Formation between TiS2 and LiBH4 in Bulk-Type All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LI-ION BATTERIES; HYDROGEN-STORAGE; INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; SUPERIONIC CONDUCTOR; COMPLEX HYDRIDES; ENERGY-STORAGE; CONVERSION; DECOMPOSITION; BOROHYDRIDE AB In this study, we assembled a bulk-type all-solid-state battery comprised of a TiS2 positive electrode, LiBH4 electrolyte, and Li negative electrode. Our battery retained high capacity over 300 discharge charge cycles when operated at 393 K and 0.2 C. The second discharge capacity was as high as 205 mAh g(-1), corresponding to a TiS2 utilization ratio of 85%. The 300th discharge capacity remained as high as 180 mAh g(-1) with nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency from the second cycle. Negligible impact of the exposure of LiBH4 to atmospheric-pressure oxygen on battery cycle life was also confirmed. To investigate the origin of the cycle durability for this bulk-type all-solid-state TiS2/Li battery, electrochemical measurements, thermogravimetry coupled with gas composition analysis, powder X-ray diffraction measurements, and first-principles molecular dynamics simulations were carried out. Chemical and/or electrochemical oxidation of LiBH4 occurred at the TiS2 surface at the battery operating temperature of 393 K and/or during the initial charge. During this oxidation reaction of LiBH4 with hydrogen (H-2) release just beneath the TiS2 surface, a third phase, likely including Li2B12H12, precipitated at the interface between LiBH4 and TiS2. Li2B12H12 has a lithium ionic conductivity of log(sigma / S cm(-1)) = -4.4, charge transfer reactivity with Li electrodes, and superior oxidative stability to LiBH4, and thereby can act as a stable interface that enables numerous discharge-charge cycles. Our results strongly suggest that the creation of such a stable interfacial layer is due to the propensity of forming highly stable, hydrogen-deficient polyhydro-closo-polyborates such as Li2B12H12, which are thermodynamically available in the ternary Li-B-H system. C1 [Unemoto, Atsushi; Ikeshoji, Tamio; Orimo, Shin-ichi] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res WPI AIMR, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Ikeshoji, Tamio; Yasaku, Syun; Matsuo, Motoaki; Orimo, Shin-ichi] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Nanomat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Unemoto, A (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res WPI AIMR, Aoba Ku, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM unemoto@imr.tohoku.ac.jp RI ORIMO, Shin-ichi/A-4971-2011; Unemoto, Atsushi/D-3051-2013 OI ORIMO, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-4216-0446; FU WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University; Integrated Materials Research Center for the Low-Carbon Society (LC-IMR), Tohoku University; JSPS KAKENHI [25220911]; Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-EE0002978] FX The crystal structures in Figure 7 were drawn using the VESTA program.57 The authors would like to thank Mr. K. Sato, Ms. H. Ohmiya, and Ms. N. Warifune for technical assistances. Fruitful discussion with Mr. G. Nogami, Mr. M. Tazawa, and Dr. M. Taniguchi of Mitsubishi Gas Chemicals Co., Ltd., is also acknowledged. This work was partially supported by the Target Project 4 of WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, the Integrated Materials Research Center for the Low-Carbon Society (LC-IMR), Tohoku University, JSPS KAKENHI Grant No. 25220911, the Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency, and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under Grant No. DE-EE0002978. The FPMD calculations have been performed under the interuniversity cooperative research program of the Center for Computational Materials Science, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University. The battery assembly in a dry room was carried out at NIMS Battery Research Platform, Tsukuba, Japan. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 42 U2 207 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 11 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 15 BP 5407 EP 5416 DI 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02110 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CO9ME UT WOS:000359499100031 ER PT J AU Rios, AF Resplandy, L Garcia-Ibanez, MI Fajar, NM Velo, A Padin, XA Wanninkhof, R Steinfeldt, R Roson, G Perez, FF AF Rios, Aida F. Resplandy, Laure Garcia-Ibanez, Maribel I. Fajar, Noelia M. Velo, Anton Padin, Xose A. Wanninkhof, Rik Steinfeldt, Reiner Roson, Gabriel Perez, Fiz F. TI Decadal acidification in the water masses of the Atlantic Ocean SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ocean acidification; pH; anthropogenic carbon; water masses; climate model ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON; CALCIFYING ORGANISMS; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; WESTERN BOUNDARY; VARIABILITY; CO2; CIRCULATION; TRENDS; SOUTH AB Global ocean acidification is caused primarily by the ocean's uptake of CO2 as a consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 levels. We present observations of the oceanic decrease in pH at the basin scale (50 degrees S-36 degrees N) for the Atlantic Ocean over two decades (1993-2013). Changes in pH associated with the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 (Delta pHCant) and with variations caused by biological activity and ocean circulation (Delta pHNat) are evaluated for different water masses. Output from an Institut Pierre Simon Laplace climate model is used to place the results into a longer-term perspective and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for pH change. The largest decreases in pH (Delta pH) were observed in central, mode, and intermediate waters, with a maximum Delta pH value in South Atlantic Central Waters of -0.042 +/- 0.003. The Delta pH trended toward zero in deep and bottom waters. Observations and model results show that pH changes generally are dominated by the anthropogenic component, which accounts for rates between -0.0015 and -0.0020/y in the central waters. The anthropogenic and natural components are of the same order of magnitude and reinforce one another in mode and intermediate waters over the time period. Large negative Delta pHNat values observed in mode and intermediate waters are driven primarily by changes in CO2 content and are consistent with (i) a poleward shift of the formation region during the positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode in the South Atlantic and (ii) an increase in the rate of the water mass formation in the North Atlantic. C1 [Rios, Aida F.; Garcia-Ibanez, Maribel I.; Fajar, Noelia M.; Velo, Anton; Padin, Xose A.; Perez, Fiz F.] Spanish Natl Res Council IIM CSIC, Marine Res Inst, E-36208 Vigo, Spain. [Resplandy, Laure] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Steinfeldt, Reiner] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Oceanog Dept, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Roson, Gabriel] Univ Vigo, Fac Marine Sci, E-36200 Vigo, Spain. RP Rios, AF (reprint author), Spanish Natl Res Council IIM CSIC, Marine Res Inst, E-36208 Vigo, Spain. EM aida@iim.csic.es RI Perez, Fiz F./B-9001-2011; OI Perez, Fiz F./0000-0003-4836-8974; Resplandy, Laure/0000-0002-1212-3943; Garcia-Ibanez, Maribel I./0000-0001-5218-0064 FU Spanish Ministry of Sciences and Innovation; European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through Carbon Transport and Acidification Rates in the North Atlantic Project [CTM2010-17141/MAR]; European Union [264879]; Office of Atmospheric and Oceanic Research of the NOAA FX We thank the officers and crews of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ship Malcolm Baldrige, Research Vessel (R/V) Maurice Ewing, and R/V Hesperides, along with the scientific and technical teams, for their support during the OACES/CO2, CITHER-II, and FICARAM-XV cruises; Gail Derr of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory of the NOAA for copyediting the manuscript; and the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their critical reading and constructive comments. This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Sciences and Innovation and was cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund 2007-2012 (FEDER) through the Carbon Transport and Acidification Rates in the North Atlantic Project (CTM2010-17141/MAR), by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme CARBOCHANGE project under Grant Agreement 264879, and by the Office of Atmospheric and Oceanic Research of the NOAA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 37 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 11 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 32 BP 9950 EP 9955 DI 10.1073/pnas.1504613112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO6RY UT WOS:000359285100058 PM 26216947 ER PT J AU Coughlin, ER Begelman, MC AF Coughlin, Eric R. Begelman, Mitchell C. TI VISCOUS BOUNDARY LAYERS OF RADIATION-DOMINATED, RELATIVISTIC JETS. II. THE FREE-STREAMING JET MODEL SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: jets; gamma-ray burst: general; radiation: dynamics; relativistic processes ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; BLACK-HOLES; TIDAL DISRUPTION; PROGENITOR STARS; ENVELOPES; EQUATIONS; OUTFLOW AB We analyze the interaction of a radiation-dominated jet and its surroundings using the equations of radiation hydrodynamics in the viscous limit. In a previous paper we considered the two-stream scenario, which treats the jet and its surroundings as distinct media interacting through radiation viscous forces. Here we present an alternative boundary layer model, known as the free-streaming jet model-where a narrow stream of fluid is injected into a static medium-and present solutions where the flow is ultrarelativistic and the boundary layer is dominated by radiation. It is shown that these jets entrain material from their surroundings and that their cores have a lower density of scatterers and a harder spectrum of photons, leading to observational consequences for lines of sight that look "down the barrel of the jet." These jetted outflow models may be applicable to the jets produced during long gamma-ray bursts and super-Eddington phases of tidal disruption events. C1 [Coughlin, Eric R.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coughlin, Eric R.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coughlin, Eric R.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Coughlin, ER (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM eric.coughlin@colorado.edu; mitch@jila.colorado.edu OI BEGELMAN, MITCHELL/0000-0003-0936-8488; Coughlin, Eric/0000-0003-3765-6401 FU NASA Astrophysics Theory Program [NNX14AB37G]; NSF [AST-1411879]; NASA's Fermi Guest Investigator Program FX This work was supported in part by NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant NNX14AB37G, NSF grant AST-1411879, and NASA's Fermi Guest Investigator Program. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2015 VL 809 IS 1 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/2 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CR9DN UT WOS:000361653500002 ER PT J AU Coughlin, ER Begelman, MC AF Coughlin, Eric R. Begelman, Mitchell C. TI VISCOUS BOUNDARY LAYERS OF RADIATION-DOMINATED, RELATIVISTIC JETS. I. THE TWO-STREAM MODEL SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: jets; gamma-ray burst: general; radiation: dynamics; relativistic processes ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; TIDAL DISRUPTION; PROGENITOR STARS; ACCRETION DISKS; AFTERGLOW; SUPERNOVA; BREAKS; J164449.3+573451 AB Using the relativistic equations of radiation hydrodynamics in the viscous limit, we analyze the boundary layers that develop between radiation-dominated jets and their environments. In this paper we present the solution for the self-similar, 2D, plane-parallel two-stream problem, wherein the jet and the ambient medium are considered to be separate, interacting fluids, and we compare our results to those of previous authors. (In a companion paper we investigate an alternative scenario, known as the free-streaming jet model.) Consistent with past findings, we show that the boundary layer that develops between the jet and its surroundings creates a region of low-density material. These models may be applicable to sources such as super-Eddington tidal disruption events and long gamma-ray bursts. C1 [Coughlin, Eric R.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coughlin, Eric R.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coughlin, Eric R.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Coughlin, ER (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM eric.coughlin@colorado.edu; mitch@jila.colorado.edu OI BEGELMAN, MITCHELL/0000-0003-0936-8488; Coughlin, Eric/0000-0003-3765-6401 FU NASA Astrophysics Theory Program [NNX14AB37G]; NSF [AST-1411879]; NASA's Fermi Guest Investigator Program FX This work was supported in part by NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant NNX14AB37G, NSF grant AST-1411879, and NASA's Fermi Guest Investigator Program. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2015 VL 809 IS 1 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CR9DN UT WOS:000361653500001 ER PT J AU Machacek, JR Mahapatra, DP Schultz, DR Ralchenko, Y Moradmand, A El Ghazaly, MOA Chutjian, A AF Machacek, J. R. Mahapatra, D. P. Schultz, D. R. Ralchenko, Yu. Moradmand, A. El Ghazaly, M. O. A. Chutjian, A. TI SOLAR-WIND ION-DRIVEN X-RAY EMISSION FROM COMETARY AND PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES: MEASUREMENTS AND THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS OF CHARGE-EXCHANGE CROSS-SECTIONS AND EMISSION SPECTRA FOR O6+ + H2O, CO, CO2, CH4, N-2, NO, N2O, AND Ar SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; comets: general; molecular processes; solar wind ID ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; IONIZATION; IMPACT; DISCOVERY AB Relevant to modeling and understanding X-ray emission from cometary and planetary atmospheres, total cross-sections for 1.17 and 2.33 keV/u O6+ colliding with H2O, CO, CO2, CH4, N-2, NO, N2O, and Ar have been measured for the processes of single, double, and triple charge exchanges. Using these measurements as benchmarks, synthetic emission spectra spanning the X-ray, UV, and visible range have been calculated based on theoretical treatment of the transfer of between one and six electrons from the target neutrals to the projectile ion, followed by radiative and non-radiative decay of the highly excited states produced in these collisions. The results help add to the base of knowledge required to simulate ion-neutral processes in astrophysical environments; refine the present understanding of these fundamental atomic processes; and guide future observations, laboratory measurements, and theoretical predictions. C1 [Machacek, J. R.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys & Engn, Atom & Mol Phys Lab, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Mahapatra, D. P.] Utkal Univ, Dept Phys, Bhubaneswar 751004, Orissa, India. [Schultz, D. R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Ralchenko, Yu.] NIST, Atom Spect Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Moradmand, A.; El Ghazaly, M. O. A.; Chutjian, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Astrophys & Space Sci Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Machacek, JR (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys & Engn, Atom & Mol Phys Lab, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016; Machacek, Joshua/A-5316-2011 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank Prof. R. Mawhorter for a helpful discussion on SW abundances. The experimental research was carried out at JPL/Caltech under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2015 VL 809 IS 1 AR 75 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/75 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CR9DN UT WOS:000361653500075 ER PT J AU Rugheimer, S Kaltenegger, L Segura, A Linsky, J Mohanty, S AF Rugheimer, S. Kaltenegger, L. Segura, A. Linsky, J. Mohanty, S. TI EFFECT OF UV RADIATION ON THE SPECTRAL FINGERPRINTS OF EARTH-LIKE PLANETS ORBITING M STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrobiology; planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: terrestrial planets; stars: low-mass ID EXOPLANET HOST STARS; WEBB-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HIGH-LEVEL CLOUDS; K-BAND SPECTRA; M-DWARFS; HABITABLE ZONE; SUPER-EARTHS; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY AB We model the atmospheres and spectra of Earth-like planets orbiting the entire grid of M dwarfs for active and inactive stellar models with T-eff = 2300 K to T-eff = 3800 K and for six observed MUSCLES M dwarfs with UV radiation data. We set the Earth-like planets at the 1 AU equivalent distance and show spectra from the visible to IR (0.4-20 mu m) to compare detectability of features in different wavelength ranges with the. James Webb Space Telescope and other future ground- and spaced-based missions to characterize exo-Earths. We focus on the effect of UV activity levels on detectable atmospheric features that indicate habitability on Earth, namely, H2O, O-3, CH4, N2O, and CH3Cl. To observe signatures of life-O-2/O-3 in combination with reducing species like CH4-we find that early and active M dwarfs are the best targets of the M star grid for future telescopes. The O-2 spectral feature at 0.76 mu m is increasingly difficult to detect in reflected light of later M dwarfs owing to low stellar flux in that wavelength region. N2O, another biosignature detectable in the IR, builds up to observable concentrations in our planetary models around M dwarfs with low UV flux. CH3Cl could become detectable, depending on the depth of the overlapping N2O feature. We present a spectral database of Earth-like planets around cool stars for directly imaged planets as a framework for interpreting future light curves, direct imaging, and secondary eclipse measurements of the atmospheres of terrestrial planets in the habitable zone. to design and assess future telescope capabilities. C1 [Rugheimer, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rugheimer, S.; Kaltenegger, L.] Cornell Univ, Carl Sagan Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kaltenegger, L.] MPIA, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Segura, A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Linsky, J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mohanty, S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab 1010, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Rugheimer, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Rugheimer, Sarah/0000-0003-1620-7658 FU DFG [ENP KA 3142/1-1]; Simons Foundation [290357]; NASA [NAS5-26555]; NASA Office of Space Science [NAG5-7584] FX We especially thank Andrew West and Evgenya L. Shkolnik for useful conversations about M dwarfs. We also would like to thank Kevin France for discussions concerning the MUSCLES database. This work has made use of the MUSCLES M dwarf UV radiation field database. We would also like to acknowledge support from DFG funding ENP KA 3142/1-1 and the Simons Foundation (290357, Kaltenegger).; The UV radiation field for AD Leo was obtained from the Multimission Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NAG5-7584 and by other grants and contracts. NR 93 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2015 VL 809 IS 1 AR 57 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/57 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CR9DN UT WOS:000361653500057 ER PT J AU Vissers, MR Hubmayr, J Sandberg, M Chaudhuri, S Bockstiegel, C Gao, J AF Vissers, M. R. Hubmayr, J. Sandberg, M. Chaudhuri, S. Bockstiegel, C. Gao, J. TI Frequency-tunable superconducting resonators via nonlinear kinetic inductance SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND; AMPLIFIER AB We have designed, fabricated, and tested a frequency-tunable high-Q superconducting resonator made from a niobium titanium nitride film. The frequency tunability is achieved by injecting a DC through a current-directing circuit into the nonlinear inductor whose kinetic inductance is current-dependent. We have demonstrated continuous tuning of the resonance frequency in a 180 MHz frequency range around 4.5 GHz while maintaining the high internal quality factor Q(i)>180 000. This device may serve as a tunable filter and find applications in superconducting quantum computing and measurement. It also provides a useful tool to study the nonlinear response of a superconductor. In addition, it may be developed into techniques for measurement of the complex impedance of a superconductor at its transition temperature and for readout of transition-edge sensors. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Vissers, M. R.; Hubmayr, J.; Sandberg, M.; Gao, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chaudhuri, S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bockstiegel, C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Sandberg, M (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 6 AR 062601 DI 10.1063/1.4927444 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CP3QB UT WOS:000359794200019 ER PT J AU Tang, YJ Sykes, A Burdick, NQ Bohn, JL Lev, BL AF Tang, Yijun Sykes, Andrew Burdick, Nathaniel Q. Bohn, John L. Lev, Benjamin L. TI s-wave scattering lengths of the strongly dipolar bosons Dy-162 and Dy-164 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD GASES; ATOMS; COLLISIONS; COLD AB We report the measurement of the deca-heptuplet s-partial-wave scattering length a of two bosonic isotopes of the highly magnetic element dysprosium: a = 112(10)a(0) for Dy-162 and a = 92(8)a(0) for Dy-164, where a(0) is the Bohr radius. The scattering lengths are determined by the cross-dimensional relaxation of ultracold gases of these Dy isotopes at temperatures above quantum degeneracy. In this temperature regime, the measured rethermalization dynamics can be compared to simulations of the Boltzmann equation using a direct-simulation Monte Carlo method employing the anisotropic differential scattering cross section of dipolar particles. C1 [Tang, Yijun; Lev, Benjamin L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Tang, Yijun; Burdick, Nathaniel Q.; Lev, Benjamin L.] Stanford Univ, EL Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sykes, Andrew; Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sykes, Andrew; Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burdick, Nathaniel Q.; Lev, Benjamin L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Tang, YJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0056]; NSF [1403396]; Stanford Graduate Fellowship; JILANSF Physics Frontier Center [1125844]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [FA9550-1-0588] FX We thank K. Baumann and J. DiSciacca for experimental assistance. N.Q.B. and B.L.L. acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant No. FA9550-12-1-0056, and NSF, Grant No. 1403396. Y.T. acknowledges support from the Stanford Graduate Fellowship. J.L.B. and A.S. acknowledge support from the JILANSF Physics Frontier Center, Grant No. 1125844, and from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative, Grant No. FA9550-1-0588. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 10 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 2 AR 022703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.022703 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CO7MG UT WOS:000359342900013 ER PT J AU Zhang, XH Lowell, PJ Wilson, BL O'Neil, GC Ullom, JN AF Zhang, Xiaohang Lowell, Peter J. Wilson, Brandon L. O'Neil, Galen C. Ullom, Joel N. TI Macroscopic Subkelvin Refrigerator Employing Superconducting Tunnel Junctions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we demonstrate a general-purpose macroscopic refrigerator based on the transport of electrons through superconducting tunnel junctions. Our refrigerator is intended to provide access to temperatures below those achievable using pumped He-3. The refrigerator is cooled by 96 normal-metal-insulator-superconductor (N-I-S) junctions divided among three separate silicon substrates. The use of thin-film devices on different substrates shows the potential to achieve higher cooling powers by connecting N-I-S devices in parallel. Improving on previous work by Lowell et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 082601 (2013)], we demonstrate a larger temperature reduction, a more robust mechanical suspension, and a new electromechanical heat switch that will make it easier to integrate our refrigerator into other cryostats. The electromechanical heat switch has a measured thermal conductance in the on state of 1.2 +/- 0.3 mu W/K at 300 mK and no measurable thermal conductance in the off state. We observe a temperature reduction from 291 to 233 mK and infer cooling to 228 mK on longer time scales. The cooled payload is a metal stage whose mass exceeds 150 g and with 28 cm(2) of area for attaching user-supplied devices. Using the product of the cooled mass and the temperature reduction as a performance metric, this work is a more than tenfold advance over previous efforts. C1 [Zhang, Xiaohang; Lowell, Peter J.; Wilson, Brandon L.; O'Neil, Galen C.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhang, XH (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM xiaohang.n.zhang@nist.gov; joel.ullom@nist.gov FU NASA Astrophysics Research and Analysis Program (APRA); National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship FX This work is supported by the NASA Astrophysics Research and Analysis Program (APRA) and a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. We thank Douglas Bennett, Vincent Kotsubo, John Mates, and Daniel Schmidt for their technical assistance. We also thank Daniel Schmidt for the photographs used in this manuscript. This article is a contribution of the U.S. Government, not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD AUG 10 PY 2015 VL 4 IS 2 AR 024006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.4.024006 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CO7PB UT WOS:000359351600001 ER PT J AU Chudzicki, M Werner, WSM Shard, AG Wang, YC Castner, DG Powell, CJ AF Chudzicki, M. Werner, W. S. M. Shard, A. G. Wang, Y-C Castner, D. G. Powell, C. J. TI Evaluating the Internal Structure of Core-Shell Nanoparticles Using X-ray Photoelectron Intensities and Simulated Spectra SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; SURFACE-ANALYSIS; XPS ANALYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; GOLD; CATALYSTS; THICKNESS; NANOTECHNOLOGY AB The functionality of a new version of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA) (Werner, W. S. M.; et al. U.S. Department of Commerce/NIST: Gaithersburg, Maryland, 2014) has been extended by implementing a new geometry engine. The engine enables users to simulate Auger-electron spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra for different predefined morphologies (planar, islands, spheres, multilayer core-shell particles). We compared shell thicknesses of core-shell nanoparticles derived from core-shell XPS peak intensities using Shards method, which allows one to estimate shell thicknesses of core-shell nanoparticles, and a series of SESSA simulations for a wide range of nanoparticle dimensions. We obtained very good agreement of the shell thicknesses for cases where elastic scattering within the shell can be neglected, a result that is in accordance with the underlying assumptions of the Shard model. If elastic-scattering effects are important, there can be thickness uncertainties of up to 25%. Experimental spectra of functionalized gold nanoparticles obtained by Techane et al. were analyzed with SESSA 2.0 both with respect to the relevant peak intensities as well as the spectral shape. Good agreement between experiment and theory was found for both cases. These results show that the single-sphere model for core-shell nanoparticles is valid when just using peak intensities, but more detailed modeling is needed to describe the inelastic background. C1 [Chudzicki, M.; Werner, W. S. M.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Angew Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Shard, A. G.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Wang, Y-C; Castner, D. G.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wang, Y-C; Castner, D. G.] Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Powell, C. J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Werner, WSM (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Angew Phys, Wiedner Hauptstr 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM werner@iap.tuwien.ac.at FU European Union; U.S. National Institutes of Health [EB-002027]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DGE-1256082] FX Part of this work was funded by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme within the InNanoPart 14IND12 EMPIR project. Y.-C.W. and D.G.C. gratefully acknowledge support from grant EB-002027 from the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Y.-C.W. thanks the U.S. National Science Foundation for a Graduate Fellowship (Grant No. DGE-1256082). NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 6 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 31 BP 17687 EP 17696 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b04517 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CO7IG UT WOS:000359332200023 PM 26339331 ER PT J AU Conway-Cranos, L Kiffney, P Banas, N Plummer, M Naman, S MacCready, P Bucci, J Ruckelshaus, M AF Conway-Cranos, L. Kiffney, P. Banas, N. Plummer, M. Naman, S. MacCready, P. Bucci, J. Ruckelshaus, M. TI Stable isotopes and oceanographic modeling reveal spatial and trophic connectivity among terrestrial, estuarine, and marine environments SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Connectivity; Puget Sound; Estuaries; Stable isotopes; Oysters ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; FOOD WEBS; CREPIDULA-FORNICATA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; MARENNES-OLERON; MYTILUS-EDULIS; MIXING MODELS; FATTY-ACID; CARBON; BAY AB Organic matter from autochthonous and allochthonous sources provides energy and nutrients to nearshore food webs including filter-feeding bivalves. In Puget Sound, Washington, USA, the degree to which shellfish rely on these different organic matter subsidies may be important for their management and that of nearshore food webs in general. We explored patterns of terrestrial-marine connectivity in a large, temperate estuary using a combination of oceanographic modeling and isotopic mixing models. We first examined spatial connectivity by modeling freshwater contributions of the major river basins to Puget Sound (potential connectivity), then estimated the relative contribution of terrestrial, nearshore, and marine organic matter sources to nearshore particulate organic matter (POM) (actual connectivity) and to the diets of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas (realized connectivity). To estimate actual and realized connectivity, we analyzed the delta C-13 and delta N-15 values of oyster tissue, POM, and primary producers from intertidal, offshore, salt marsh, and upland habitats across the dry (summer) and wet (fall-winter) seasons. Mixing models indicated that both oyster bed POM and oyster diets were composed largely of intertidal macrophytes and salt marsh plants, with less important contributions of phytoplankton, benthic diatoms, and upland vegetation. Our findings suggest that oyster production may be driven more by coastal and marine primary production than by riverine sources, even in a fjord subject to strong freshwater influences. C1 [Conway-Cranos, L.; Kiffney, P.; Naman, S.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kiffney, P.] Hedmark Univ Coll, Fac Appl Ecol & Agr Sci, N-2418 Elverum, Norway. [Banas, N.; MacCready, P.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Plummer, M.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bucci, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Sch Marine Sci & Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ruckelshaus, M.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Conway-Cranos, L (reprint author), NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM tish.conway-cranos@noaa.gov OI Banas, Neil/0000-0002-1892-9497 FU EPA Grant [DW-13-92327601-01] FX This study was partly funded by EPA Grant DW-13-92327601-01. We gratefully acknowledge access to field sites and logistical support from Taylor Shellfish (B. Dewey, D. Lomsdalen, and J. Adams), G. Webb, and Dosewallips State Park. We thank the NWFSC townet crews, especially C. Greene, C. Rice, J. Hall, J. King, J. Chamberlin, B. Brown, J. Aubin, and A. Godersky, for their expert assistance in our oyster bed water sampling. We are grateful for lab and field assistance from A. Myers-Pigg and M. Smith. The manuscript benefitted from the helpful comments of J. Samhouri and E. Ward. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 40 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD AUG 6 PY 2015 VL 533 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.3354/meps11318 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CO7ZE UT WOS:000359382300002 ER PT J AU Parrish, FA AF Parrish, Frank A. TI Settlement, colonization, and succession patterns of gold coral Kulamanamana haumeaae in Hawaiian deep coral assemblages SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Parasitism; Pioneer settlement; Climax community; Recruitment; Host-limited ID RADIOCARBON-BASED AGES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; BAMBOO CORALS; NEW-ZEALAND; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; GROWTH-RATES; SEA CORALS; OCTOCORALLIA; RECRUITMENT; ISIDIDAE AB The Hawaiian gold coral is a parasitic zoantharian that colonizes other deep corals and secretes a protein skeleton that over millennia can grow and more than double the original mean size of the host colony. Surveys at 6 known coral beds in the Hawaiian Archipelago found mature gold coral to be a common taxon and dominant at the geologically older sites. Fewer than 5% of the gold coral colonies seen were in the process of subsuming their host, described here as the 'midas' phase. Bamboo coral (Acanella, Keratoisis) comprised 85% of the midas colonies, with two-thirds found at the youngest site, where the mean height of bamboo coral was significantly greater than at other sites. Marked midas colonies revisited after 5 yr showed the gold coral tissue spreading across the host at an estimated rate of 2.2 +/- 0.69 cm yr(-1) (mean +/- SD). Cross sections of mature gold coral colonies show the host averages just 9.8 cm of the stem's core, indicating that much of the host skeleton is lost when subsumed by gold coral tissue. The absence of midas colonies in a bamboo coral assemblage found growing on a 76 yr old wreck close (similar to 1 km) to a mature gold coral patch suggests that gold coral recruitment is infrequent. This time lag between the growth of the host and the arrival of the gold coral successor is essential because otherwise the speed of the midas phase would subsume the host population faster than it could replenish. C1 NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Inouye Reg Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Parrish, FA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Inouye Reg Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM frank.parrish@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD AUG 6 PY 2015 VL 533 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.3354/meps11390 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CO7ZE UT WOS:000359382300010 ER PT J AU El-Khatib, S Phelan, D Barker, JG Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Leighton, C AF El-Khatib, S. Phelan, D. Barker, J. G. Zheng, H. Mitchell, J. F. Leighton, C. TI Neutron-scattering-based evidence for interacting magnetic excitons in LaCoO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-STATE TRANSITION; PHASE-SEPARATION; CONDUCTIVITY AB Recent progress with the thermally driven spin-state crossover in LaCoO3 has made it increasingly apparent that the nominally nonmagnetic low-spin ground state of this material actually hosts defect-based magnetism. This is investigated here via a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) study of LaCoO3-d crystals. The results provide (i) the surprising finding that the spin-state crossover is clearly reflected in SANS via quasieleastic and inelastic scattering from paramagnetic spin fluctuations and excitations, and (ii) evidence for the formation, likely around oxygen defects, of local entities known as magnetic excitons. The latter generate distinct magnetic scattering below 60 K, providing valuable quantitative information on exciton densities and interactions. Potential relevance to the unexpected ferromagnetism recently discovered in epitaxial LaCoO3 films is discussed. C1 [El-Khatib, S.] Amer Univ Sharjah, Dept Phys, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. [El-Khatib, S.; Phelan, D.; Leighton, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [El-Khatib, S.; Barker, J. G.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Phelan, D.; Zheng, H.; Mitchell, J. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Leighton, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM leighton@umn.edu FU US DOE [DE-FG02-06ER46275]; DOE Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division; NSF through UMN MRSEC [DMR-1420013]; AUS [FRG-2012, FRG2013] FX Work supported primarily by the US DOE under DE-FG02-06ER46275. Work at ANL (crystal growth and characterization) supported by DOE Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division. Part of this work was carried out in the UMN Characterization Facility, which receives capital equipment funding from the NSF through the UMN MRSEC under Grant No. DMR-1420013. S.E-K. acknowledges travel support from AUS (Grants No. FRG-2012 and No. FRG2013). We thank F.S. Bates for useful discussions, and J. A. Borchers for experimental assistance. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 42 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 6 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 6 AR 060404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.060404 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CO3HD UT WOS:000359046500001 ER PT J AU Kozorezov, AG Lambert, C Marsili, F Stevens, MJ Verma, VB Stern, JA Horansky, R Dyer, S Duff, S Pappas, DP Lita, A Shaw, MD Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Kozorezov, A. G. Lambert, C. Marsili, F. Stevens, M. J. Verma, V. B. Stern, J. A. Horansky, R. Dyer, S. Duff, S. Pappas, D. P. Lita, A. Shaw, M. D. Mirin, R. P. Nam, Sae Woo TI Quasiparticle recombination in hotspots in superconducting current-carrying nanowires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTORS; TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; TUNGSTEN-SILICIDE; EFFICIENCY; STRIPS; FILM AB We describe a kinetic model of recombination of nonequilibrium quasiparticles generated by single photon absorption in superconducting current-carrying nanowires. The model is developed to interpret two-photon detection experiments in which a single photon does not possess sufficient energy for breaking superconductivity at a fixed low bias current. We show that quasiparticle self-recombination in relaxing hotspots dominates diffusion expansion effects and explains the observed strong bias current, wavelength, and temperature dependencies of hotspot relaxation in tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. C1 [Kozorezov, A. G.; Lambert, C.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. [Marsili, F.; Stern, J. A.; Shaw, M. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stevens, M. J.; Verma, V. B.; Horansky, R.; Dyer, S.; Duff, S.; Pappas, D. P.; Lita, A.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kozorezov, AG (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council FX A.G.K. and C.L. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 6 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 6 AR 064504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.064504 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CO3HD UT WOS:000359046500010 ER PT J AU Yuan, YB Chae, J Shao, YC Wang, Q Xiao, ZG Centrone, A Huang, JS AF Yuan, Yongbo Chae, Jungseok Shao, Yuchuan Wang, Qi Xiao, Zhengguo Centrone, Andrea Huang, Jinsong TI Photovoltaic Switching Mechanism in Lateral Structure Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE electrical doping; ionic electromigrations; perovskite solar cells; photothermal induced resonance; switchable photovoltaic ID HALIDE PEROVSKITE; PTIR TECHNIQUE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; HYSTERESIS; DEVICES; PHOTODETECTORS; CH3NH3PBI3; RESOLUTION; NANOSCALE C1 [Yuan, Yongbo; Shao, Yuchuan; Wang, Qi; Xiao, Zhengguo; Huang, Jinsong] Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Chae, Jungseok; Centrone, Andrea] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chae, Jungseok] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Huang, JS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jhuang2@unl.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-1252623]; Department of Energy [DE-EE0006709]; Nebraska Public Power District through Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX J.H. thanks financial support from National Science Foundation under Awards ECCS-1252623, Department of Energy under Award DE-EE0006709, and the Nebraska Public Power District through the Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research. J.C. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 51 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 32 U2 157 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1614-6832 EI 1614-6840 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD AUG 5 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 15 AR 1500615 DI 10.1002/aenm.201500615 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA CO7WT UT WOS:000359374900014 ER PT J AU Safronova, UI Flambaum, VV Safronova, MS AF Safronova, U. I. Flambaum, V. V. Safronova, M. S. TI Transitions between the 4f-core-excited states in Ir16+, Ir17+, and Ir18+ ions for clock applications SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB Iridium ions near 4f - 5s level crossings are the leading candidates for a new type of atomic clocks with a high projected accuracy and a very high sensitivity to the temporal variation of the fine structure constant a. To identify spectra of these ions in experiment accurate calculations of the spectra and electromagnetic transition probabilities should be performed. Properties of the 4f-core-excited states in Ir16+, Ir17+, and Ir18+ ions are evaluated using relativistic many-body perturbation theory and Hartree-Fock-relativistic method (COWAN code). We evaluate excitation energies, wavelengths, oscillator strengths, and transition rates. Our large-scale calculations included the following set of configurations: 4f(14)5s, 4f(14)5p, 4f(13)5s(2), 4f(13)5p(2), 4f(13)5s5p, 4f(12)5s(2)5p, and 4f(12)5s5p(2) in Pm-like Ir16+; 4f(14), 4f(13)5s, 4f(13)5p, 4f(12)5s(2), 4f(12)5s5p, and 4f (2)5p(2) in Nd-like Ir17+; and 4f(13), 4f(12)5s, 4f(12)5p, 4f(11)5s(2), and 4f(11)5s5p in Pr-like Ir18+. The 5s - 5p transitions are illustrated by the synthetic spectra in the 180-200 angstrom range. Large contributions of magnetic-dipole transitions to lifetimes of low-lying states in the region below 2.5 Ry are demonstrated. C1 [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Flambaum, V. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20899 USA. RP Safronova, UI (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. FU Gordon Godfrey Fellowship program, UNSW; U.S. NSF [PHY-1404156]; Australian Research Council FX We thank H. Bekker, A. Windberger, and J. R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia for discussions and comments on the paper. M.S.S. thanks the School of Physics at UNSW, Sydney, Australia and MPIK, Heidelberg, Germany, for hospitality and acknowledges support from the Gordon Godfrey Fellowship program, UNSW. This work was supported in part by U.S. NSF Grant No. PHY-1404156 and the Australian Research Council. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 5 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 2 AR 022501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.022501 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CO3GQ UT WOS:000359045200004 ER PT J AU Butler, JM AF Butler, John M. TI The future of forensic DNA analysis SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; DNA; short tandem repeat; DNA databases ID STR LOCI; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY; DEGRADED DNA; IDENTIFICATION; PROFILES; SYSTEM; RECOMMENDATIONS; AMPLIFICATION; VALIDATION AB The author's thoughts and opinions on where the field of forensic DNA testing is headed for the next decade are provided in the context of where the field has come over the past 30 years. Similar to the Olympic motto of 'faster, higher, stronger', forensic DNA protocols can be expected to become more rapid and sensitive and provide stronger investigative potential. New short tandem repeat (STR) loci have expanded the core set of genetic markers used for human identification in Europe and the USA. Rapid DNA testing is on the verge of enabling new applications. Next-generation sequencing has the potential to provide greater depth of coverage for information on STR alleles. Familial DNA searching has expanded capabilities of DNA databases in parts of the world where it is allowed. Challenges and opportunities that will impact the future of forensic DNA are explored including the need for education and training to improve interpretation of complex DNA profiles. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butler, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.butler@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The author is supported by internal funds from the National Institute of Standards and Technology as part of its forensic science efforts. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 64 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD AUG 5 PY 2015 VL 370 IS 1674 AR 20140252 DI 10.1098/rstb.2014.0252 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CM5CT UT WOS:000357705100008 ER PT J AU Tai, SSC Nelson, MA AF Tai, Susan S-C. Nelson, Michael A. TI Candidate Reference Measurement Procedure for the Determination of (24R),25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Human Serum Using Isotope-Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; CHRONIC-RENAL-FAILURE; 24,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION; LC-MS/MS; PLASMA AB The two major forms of vitamin D, vitamin D3 and vitamin D2, are metabolized in the liver through hydroxylation to 25-hydroxyvitamin D species, and then further hydroxylated in the kidney to various dihydroxyvitamin D species. (24R),25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ((24R),25(OH)(2)D3) is a major catabolite of 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolism and is an important vitamin D metabolite used as a catabolism marker and indicator of kidney disease. The National Institute of Standards and Technology has recently developed a reference measurement procedure for the determination of (24R),25(OH)(2)D3 in human serum using isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS. The (24R),25(OH)(2)D3 and added deuterated labeled internal standard (24R),25(OH)(2)D3-d6 were extracted from serum matrix using liquid-liquid extraction prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. Chromatographic separation was performed using a fused-core C18 column. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in the positive ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring were used for LC-MS/MS. The accuracy of the measurement of (24R),25(OH)(2)D3 was evaluated by recovery studies of measuring (24R),25(OH)(2)D3 in gravimetrically prepared spiked samples of human serum with known (24R),25(OH)(2)D3 levels. The recoveries of the added (24R),25(OH)(2)D3 averaged 99.0% (0.8% SD), and the extraction efficiencies averaged 95% (2% SD). Excellent repeatability was demonstrated with CVs of similar to 1%. The limit of quantitation at a signal-to-noise ratio of similar to 10 was 0.2 ng/g. Potential isomeric interferences from other endogenous species and from impurity components of the reference standard were investigated. LC baseline resolution of (24R),25(OH)(2)D3 from these isomers was achieved within 35 min. This method was used for value assignment of (24R),25(OH)(2)D3 in Standard Reference Materials of Vitamin D Metabolites in Human Serum, which can serve as an accuracy base for routine methods used in clinical laboratories. C1 [Tai, Susan S-C.; Nelson, Michael A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tai, SSC (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM susan.tai@nist.gov FU National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements FX Certain commercial equipment, instruments, and materials are identified in this paper to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST nor does it imply that the equipment, instruments, or materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. We thank Dr. Brian Lang (NIST) for TGA analysis for the purity assessment of the (24R),25(OH)2D3 reference standard. We thank Dr. David L. Duewer for his advice on statistical analysis. We thank Dr. Stephen A. Wise for reviewing and providing valuable recommendations on the manuscript. We thank Dr. Christopher T. Sempos (the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements) for his advice during the method development. We gratefully acknowledge DiaSorin for a gift of vitamin D metabolites-stripped serum. This work was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements as part of the Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) (http://ods.od.nih.gov/Research/vdsp.aspx). NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 4 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 15 BP 7964 EP 7970 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01861 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CO6PF UT WOS:000359277900066 PM 26171884 ER PT J AU Masbou, J Point, D Sonke, JE Frappart, F Perrot, V Amouroux, D Richard, P Becker, PR AF Masbou, Jeremy Point, David Sonke, Jeroen E. Frappart, Frederic Perrot, Vincent Amouroux, David Richard, Pierre Becker, Paul R. TI Hg Stable Isotope Time Trend in Ringed Seals Registers Decreasing Sea Ice Cover in the Alaskan Arctic SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOCA-HISPIDA; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; MERCURY ISOTOPES; NITROGEN-ISOTOPE; TEMPORAL TRENDS; BOWHEAD WHALES; CHUKCHI SEAS; METHYLMERCURY; FRACTIONATION; MONOMETHYLMERCURY AB Decadal time trends of mercury (Hg) concentrations in Arctic biota suggest that anthropogenic Hg is not the single dominant factor modulating Hg exposure to Arctic wildlife. Here, we present Hg speciation (monomethyl-Hg) and stable isotopic composition (C, N, Hg) of 53 Alaskan ringed seal liver samples covering a period of 14 years (1988-2002). In vivo metabolic effects and foraging ecology explain most of the observed 1.6 parts per thousand variation in liver delta Hg-202, but not Delta Hg-199. Ringed seal habitat use and migration were the most likely factors explaining Delta Hg-199 variations. Average Delta Hg-199 in ringed seal liver samples from Barrow increased significantly from +0.38 +/- 0.08%0 (+/- SE, n = 5) in 1988 to +0.59 +/- 0.07 parts per thousand (+/- SE, n = 7) in 2002 (4.1 +/- 1.2% per year, p < 0.001). Delta Hg-199 in marine biological tissues is thought to reflect marine Hg photochemistry before biouptake and bioaccumulation. A spatiotemporal analysis of sea ice cover that accounts for the habitat of ringed seals suggests that the observed increase in Delta Hg-199 may have been caused by the progressive summer sea ice disappearance between 1988 and 2002. While changes in seal liver Delta Hg-199 values suggests a mild sea ice control on marine MMHg breakdown, the effect is not large enough to induce measurable HgT changes in biota. This suggests that Hg trends in biota in the context of a warming Arctic are likely controlled by other processes. C1 [Masbou, Jeremy; Point, David; Sonke, Jeroen E.; Frappart, Frederic] Univ Toulouse 3, IRD, CNRS, Lab Geosci Environm Toulouse,Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Perrot, Vincent; Amouroux, David] CNRS UPPA UMR 5254, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Rech Environm & Mat, Lab Chim Analyt Bioinorgan & Environm, F-64053 Pau, France. [Richard, Pierre] Univ La Rochelle, Inst Littoral & Environm, UMR CNRS 7266, UMR Littoral Environm & Soc LIENSs, F-17000 La Rochelle, France. [Becker, Paul R.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Masbou, J (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, IRD, CNRS, Lab Geosci Environm Toulouse,Observ Midi Pyrenees, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM jeremy.masbou@get.obs-mip.fr RI Frappart, Frederic/D-2950-2009; Richard, Pierre/N-6482-2014; OI Richard, Pierre/0000-0002-0393-9967; Amouroux, David/0000-0002-0056-8590; Frappart, Frederic/0000-0002-4661-8274; Point, David/0000-0002-5218-7781 FU French Agence Nationale de Recherche [ANR-09-JCJC-0035-01]; European Research Council [ERC-2010-StG_20091028]; French Ministry of Higher Education and Research FX This work is supported by research grants ANR-09-JCJC-0035-01 from the French Agence Nationale de Recherche and ERC-2010-StG_20091028 from the European Research Council to J.E.S. J.M. acknowledges his Ph.D. scholarship from the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research. G. Guillou is thanked for carrying out the carbon and nitrogen isotopic analyses. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 4 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 15 BP 8977 EP 8985 DI 10.1021/es5048446 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO6PK UT WOS:000359278400007 PM 26132925 ER PT J AU Cross, FA Evans, DW Barber, RT AF Cross, Ford A. Evans, David W. Barber, Richard T. TI Decadal Declines of Mercury in Adult Bluefish (1972-2011) from the Mid-Atlantic Coast of the USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAKE-SEDIMENT ARCHIVES; UNITED-STATES; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; WET DEPOSITION; FISH; METHYLMERCURY; TRENDS; CANADA; OCEAN AB Concentrations of total mercury were measured in muscle of adult bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) collected in 2011 off North Carolina and compared with similar measurements made in 1972. Concentrations of mercury decreased by 43% in the fish between the two time periods, with an average rate of decline of about 10% per decade. This reduction is similar to estimated reductions of mercury observed in atmospheric deposition, riverine input, seawater, freshwater lakes, and freshwater fish across northern North America. Eight other studies between 1973 and 2007 confirm the decrease in mercury levels in bluefish captured in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. These findings imply that (1) reductions in the release of mercury across northern North America were reflected rather quickly (decades) in the decline of mercury in adult bluefish; (2) marine predatory fish may have. been contaminated by anthropogenic sources of mercury for over 100 years; and (3) if bluefish are surrogates for other predators in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, then a reduction in the intake of mercury by the fish-consuming public has occurred. Finally, with global emissions of mercury continuing to increase, especially from Asia, it is important that long-term monitoring programs be conducted for mercury in marine fish of economic importance. C1 [Cross, Ford A.; Evans, David W.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Barber, Richard T.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Barber, RT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM rbarber@duke.edu FU NOAA's National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science FX The unexpected death of our friend, colleague, and coauthor, Dr. David W. Evans, on November 9, 2014, saddened us and many others. Dave was an integral part of this research effort as he conducted the recent analyses of mercury in bluefish from North Carolina, performed many of the calculations, and contributed substantially to the design and drafting of the manuscript. It was nearing completion when his untimely death occurred. We would like to express our sincere appreciation to Patti Marraro, Technical Information Specialist at NOAA's Center for Fisheries and Habitat Research in Beaufort, North Carolina, for excellent assistance in researching literature sources, and for ensuring that the manuscript met the editorial style of Environmental Science and Technology. This research would not have been possible without the able assistance of the following staff of the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries Manteo Field Office, who collected the bluefish and prepared samples for mercury analysis: Michael Binkley, Kathleen Boylan, Beth Burns, Carol Etheridge, Lee Paramore, Stan Ward, and Holly White. Also, we thank Randy Gregory of the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries Morehead City Office for life history information on the collected fish. Norman Cutshall, William Fitzgerald and Jon Hare provided helpful comments on an earlier draft. Finally, we thank Jeff Buckel for providing useful information on bluefish ecology. The efforts of David Evans and Patti Marraro were supported by NOAA's National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. NR 80 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 4 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 15 BP 9064 EP 9072 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b01953 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO6PK UT WOS:000359278400017 PM 26148053 ER PT J AU Singh, AK Hennig, RG Davydov, AV Tavazza, F AF Singh, Arunima K. Hennig, Richard G. Davydov, Albert V. Tavazza, Francesca TI Al2O3 as a suitable substrate and a dielectric layer for n-layer MoS2 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; MONOLAYER MOS2; 0001 SURFACE; TRANSISTORS; SAPPHIRE; TRANSITION; CRYSTALS AB Sapphire (alpha-Al2O3) is a common substrate for the growth of single-to few-layer MoS2 films, and amorphous aluminium oxide serves as a high-kappa dielectric gate oxide for MoS2 based transistors. Using density-functional theory calculations with a van der Waals functional, we investigate the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of n-layer MoS2 (n = 1 and 3) on the alpha-Al2O3 (0001) surface. Our results show that the sapphire stabilizes single-layer and tri-layer MoS2, while having a negligible effect on the structure, band gap, and electron effective masses of MoS2. This combination of a strong energetic stabilization and weak perturbation of the electronic properties shows that alpha-Al2O3 can serve as an ideal substrate for depositing ultra-thin MoS2 layers and can also serve as a passivation or gate-oxide layer for MoS2 based devices. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Singh, Arunima K.; Davydov, Albert V.; Tavazza, Francesca] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hennig, Richard G.] Univ Florida, Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Singh, AK (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM arunima.singh@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Hennig, Richard/A-2978-2008; OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Hennig, Richard/0000-0003-4933-7686; Singh, Arunima/0000-0002-7212-6310 FU Material Genome Initiative; Professional Research Experience Postdoctoral Fellowship [70NANB11H012]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1056587, ACI-1440547, ACI-1053575]; NIST [00095176]; Texas Advanced Computing Center [TG-DMR050028N, TG-DMR140143, TG-DMR150006] FX F. Tavazza and A. Davydov are funded by the Material Genome Initiative funding allocated to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). A. Singh is funded by the Professional Research Experience Postdoctoral Fellowship under Award No. 70NANB11H012. The work at the University of Florida was supported by the National Science Foundation under the CAREER Award No. DMR-1056587 and under Award No. ACI-1440547, and by NIST under Award No. 00095176. This research used computational resources provided by the University of Florida Research Computing (http://researchcomputing.ufl.edu) and the Texas Advanced Computing Center under Contract Nos. TG-DMR050028N, TG-DMR140143, and TG-DMR150006. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. ACI-1053575. The authors thank Abhishek Motayed for illuminating discussions. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 46 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 5 AR 053106 DI 10.1063/1.4928179 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CO7XB UT WOS:000359375700032 ER PT J AU Paul, S Tiesinga, E AF Paul, Saurabh Tiesinga, Eite TI Large effective three-body interaction in a double-well optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TIME-RESOLVED OBSERVATION; WANNIER FUNCTIONS; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; MOTT INSULATOR; PHASE; SYSTEMS; GAS AB We study ultracold atoms in an optical lattice with two local minima per unit cell and show that the low-energy states of a multiband Bose-Hubbard (BH) Hamiltonian with only pairwise interactions are equivalent to an effective single-band Hamiltonian with strong three-body interactions. We focus on a double-well optical lattice with a symmetric double well along the x axis and single-well structure along the perpendicular directions. Tunneling and two-body interaction energies are obtained from an exact band-structure calculation and numerically constructed Wannier functions in order to construct a BH Hamiltonian spanning the lowest two bands. Our effective Hamiltonian is constructed from the ground state of the N-atom Hamiltonian for each unit cell obtained within the subspace spanned by the Wannier functions of the two lowest bands. The model includes hopping between ground states of neighboring unit cells. We show that such an effective Hamiltonian has strong three-body interactions that can be easily tuned by changing the lattice parameters. Finally, relying on numerical mean-field simulations, we show that the effective Hamiltonian is an excellent approximation of the two-band BH Hamiltonian over a wide range of lattice parameters, in both the superfluid and Mott insulator regions. C1 [Paul, Saurabh] Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Paul, Saurabh] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tiesinga, Eite] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, Eite] NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, Eite] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, S (reprint author), Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 2 AR 023602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.023602 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CO1MO UT WOS:000358919600009 ER PT J AU Li, DH Shi, W Munroe, TA Gong, L Kong, XY AF Li, Dong-He Shi, Wei Munroe, Thomas A. Gong, Li Kong, Xiao-Yu TI Concerted Evolution of Duplicate Control Regions in the Mitochondria of Species of the Flatfish Family Bothidae (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DNA-SEQUENCE; GENOME; REPLICATION; SNAKE; REARRANGEMENTS; PLATYSTERNON; MITOGENOME; PHYLOGENY; ORIGINS AB Mitogenomes of flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) exhibit the greatest diversity of gene rearrangements in teleostean fishes. Duplicate control regions (CRs) have been found in the mito-genomes of two flatfishes, Samariscus latus (Samaridae) and Laeops lanceolata (Bothidae), which is rare in teleosts. It has been reported that duplicate CRs have evolved in a concerted fashion in fishes and other animals, however, whether concerted evo-lution exists in flatfishes remains unknown. In this study, based on five newly sequenced and six previously reported mitogenomes of lefteye flounders in the Bothidae, we explored whether duplicate CRs and concerted evolution exist in these species. Results based on the present study and previous reports show that four out of eleven bothid species examined have duplicate CRs of their mitogenomes. The core regions of the duplicate CRs of mitogenomes in the same species have identical, or nearly identical, sequences when compared to each other. This pattern fits the typical characteristics of concerted evolution. Additionally, phylogenetic and ancestral state reconstruction analysis also provided evidence to support the hypothesis that duplicate CRs evolved concertedly. The core region of concerted evolution is situated at the conserved domains of the CR of the mitogenome from the termination associated sequences (TASs) to the conserved sequence blocks (CSBs). Commonly, this region is con-sidered to regulate mitochondrial replication and transcription. Thus, we hypothesize that the cause of concerted evolution of the duplicate CRs in the mtDNAs of these four bothids may be related to some function of the conserved sequences of the CRs during mitochondrial rep-lication and transcription. We hope our results will provide fresh insight into the molecular mechanisms related to replication and evolution of mitogenomes. C1 [Li, Dong-He; Shi, Wei; Gong, Li; Kong, Xiao-Yu] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Trop Marine Bio resources & Ecol, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Li, Dong-He; Shi, Wei; Gong, Li; Kong, Xiao-Yu] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Appl Marine Biol, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Li, Dong-He; Shi, Wei; Gong, Li] South China Sea Bioresource Exploitat & Utilizat, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Li, Dong-He; Gong, Li] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Munroe, Thomas A.] NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab NMFS, Smithsonian Inst NHB, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Trop Marine Bio resources & Ecol, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM shiwei@scsio.ac.cn; xykong@scsio.ac.cn FU Natural Science Foundation of China [31471979, 41206134, 30870283]; Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China [2014B030301064] FX This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 31471979, 41206134, 30870283) and Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (2014B030301064). NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0134580 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0134580 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO1UY UT WOS:000358942400029 PM 26237419 ER PT J AU Cai, LN Tang, DL Li, XF Zheng, H Shao, WZ AF Cai, Lina Tang, DanLing Li, Xiaofeng Zheng, Hong Shao, Weizeng TI Remote sensing of spatial-temporal distribution of suspended sediment and analysis of related environmental factors in Hangzhou Bay, China SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODEL; TRANSPORT; ESTUARY; SURFACE; SYSTEM; RIVER AB In this study, a total of 37 images of Landsat Operational Land Imager/Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus were adopted to delineate the qualitative changes of Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) in Hangzhou Bay, China. Combined with in-situ SSC, remote sensing reflectance of the water (R-rs), water depth and simulated currents, the influence of both seabed topography and tidal currents on the SSC distribution was analysed. The results showed: (1) four High SSC Areas (HSA) and two Low SSC areas (LSA) in Hangzhou Bay. (2) SSC has a negative correlation with bathymetry, which is especially obvious during mid to late period of flood tide. HSAs appear in the shallow water (3-7m depth) area, while the LSAs distribute in the deep water area (10-15m depth). (3) The surface SSC distribution during the mid to late period of flood tide can help us estimate the topography information. The results of this paper can be used to other coastal embayments similar to Hangzhou Bay. C1 [Cai, Lina; Tang, DanLing] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Res Ctr Remote Sensing Marine Ecol & Environm, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Cai, Lina; Zheng, Hong; Shao, Weizeng] Zhejiang Ocean Univ, Lab Marine Acoust & Remote Sensing, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Cai, Lina; Tang, DanLing] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Ocean Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA NESDIS STAR, GST, College Pk, MD USA. RP Tang, DL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Res Ctr Remote Sensing Marine Ecol & Environm, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM lingzistdl@126.com RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [41430968]; China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation [313099]; Research project Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province [LQ14D060001] FX This work was supported by the Key Program of National Natural Sciences Foundation of China under Grant 41430968; China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation under Grant 313099; and Research project Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province under Grant LQ14D060001. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X EI 2150-7058 J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 6 IS 8 BP 597 EP 603 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2015.1062158 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CL9NA UT WOS:000357304200001 ER PT J AU Harenza, JL Parikh, HM Wei, JS Wen, XY Sindiri, S Patidar, R Salit, M Meltzer, PS Khan, J Zook, J AF Harenza, Jo Lynne Parikh, Hemang M. Wei, Jun S. Wen, Xinyu Sindiri, Sivasish Patidar, Rajesh Salit, Marc Meltzer, Paul S. Khan, Javed Zook, Justin TI Use of the SVClassify algorithm to classify pediatric solid tumor translocation variant calls as likely true or false positives SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Research (AACR) CY APR 18-22, 2015 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res C1 [Harenza, Jo Lynne] NIST, Appl Genet Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Parikh, Hemang M.; Salit, Marc; Zook, Justin] NIST, Genome Scale Measurements Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wei, Jun S.; Wen, Xinyu; Sindiri, Sivasish; Patidar, Rajesh; Khan, Javed] NCI, Oncogen Sect, Genet Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Meltzer, Paul S.] NCI, Mol Genet Sect, Genet Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 75 SU 15 MA 1077 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1077 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA DF8AH UT WOS:000371578502120 ER PT J AU Simon, JB Hughes, AM Flaherty, KM Bai, XN Armitage, PJ AF Simon, Jacob B. Hughes, A. Meredith Flaherty, Kevin M. Bai, Xue-Ning Armitage, Philip J. TI SIGNATURES OF MRI-DRIVEN TURBULENCE IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS: PREDICTIONS FOR ALMA OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; line: profiles; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); protoplanetary disks; turbulence ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; VERTICAL MAGNETIC-FIELD; UNSPLIT GODUNOV METHOD; T TAURI DISKS; ACCRETION DISKS; MAGNETOROTATIONAL-INSTABILITY; CONSTRAINED TRANSPORT; OUTER REGIONS; HD 163296 AB Spatially resolved observations of molecular line emission have the potential to yield unique constraints on the nature of turbulence within protoplanetary disks. Using a combination of local non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations and radiative transfer calculations, tailored to properties of the disk around HD 163296, we assess the ability of ALMA to detect turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI). Our local simulations show that the MRI produces small-scale turbulent velocity fluctuations that increase in strength with height above the mid-plane. For a set of simulations at different disk radii, we fit a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution to the turbulent velocity and construct a turbulent broadening parameter as a function of radius and height. We input this broadening into radiative transfer calculations to quantify observational signatures of MRI-driven disk turbulence. We find that the ratio of the peak line flux to the flux at line center is a robust diagnostic of turbulence that is only mildly degenerate with systematic uncertainties in disk temperature. For the CO(3-2) line, which we expect to probe the most magnetically active slice of the disk column, variations in the predicted peak-to-trough ratio between our most and least turbulent models span a range of approximately 15%. Additional independent constraints can be derived from the morphology of spatially resolved line profiles, and we estimate the resolution required to detect turbulence on different spatial scales. We discuss the role of lower optical depth molecular tracers, which trace regions closer to the disk mid-plane where velocities in MRI-driven models are systematically lower. C1 [Simon, Jacob B.] Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hughes, A. Meredith; Flaherty, Kevin M.] Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Dept Astron, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Bai, Xue-Ning] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Simon, JB (reprint author), Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM jbsimon.astro@gmail.com FU NASA [NNX13AI58G, NNX13AI32G, NAS 5-26555, NAS5-26555]; NSF [AST 1313021]; Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-AR-12814]; California Institute of Technology (Caltech); Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) - NASA; NASA from the Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-HF-51301.01-A]; XSEDE [TG-AST120062, TG-AST140001] FX We thank Daniel R. Wik, Matt Kunz, Steve Balbus, Jeremy Goodman, and Richard Nelson for useful discussions and suggestions regarding this work. We also thank the referee, whose suggestions greatly enhanced the quality of this work. We acknowledge support from NASA through grants NNX13AI58G (P.J.A.) and NNX13AI32G (A.M.H., K.M.F.), from the NSF through grant AST 1313021 (P.J.A.), and from grant HST-AR-12814 (P.J.A.) awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contact NAS 5-26555. J.B.S.'s support was provided in part under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. X.N.B. acknowledges support for program number HST-HF-51301.01-A provided by NASA through a Hubble Fellowship grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This research was supported by an allocation of advanced computing resources provided by the National Science Foundation. The computations were performed on Kraken at the National Institute for Computational Sciences and Maverick at the Texas Advanced Computing Center through XSEDE grant TG-AST120062 and on Stampede at the Texas Advanced Computing Center through XSEDE grant TG-AST140001. NR 86 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 808 IS 2 AR 180 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/808/2/180 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DF0BA UT WOS:000371002400076 ER PT J AU Weatherall, P Marks, KM Jakobsson, M Schmitt, T Tani, S Arndt, JE Rovere, M Chayes, D Ferrini, V Wigley, R AF Weatherall, Pauline Marks, K. M. Jakobsson, Martin Schmitt, Thierry Tani, Shin Arndt, Jan Erik Rovere, Marzia Chayes, Dale Ferrini, Vicki Wigley, Rochelle TI A new digital bathymetric model of the world's oceans SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS CURVATURE SPLINES; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; MARINE GRAVITY; ELEVATION DATA; ABYSSAL HILLS; FLOOR; RESOLUTION; SEAMOUNTS; THICKNESS; TENSION AB General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) has released the GEBCO_2014 grid, a new digital bathymetric model of the world ocean floor merged with land topography from publicly available digital elevation models. GEBCO_2014 has a grid spacing of 30 arc sec and updates the 2010 release (GEBCO_08) by incorporating new versions of regional bathymetric compilations from the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean, the International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean, the Baltic Sea Bathymetry Database, and data from the European Marine Observation and Data network bathymetry portal, among other data sources. Approximately 33% of ocean grid cells (not area) have been updated in GEBCO_2014 from the previous version, including both new interpolated depth values and added soundings. These updates include large amounts of multibeam data collected using modern equipment and navigation techniques, improving portrayed details of the world ocean floor. Of all nonland grid cells in GEBCO_2014, approximately 18% are based on bathymetric control data, i.e., primarily multibeam and single-beam soundings or preprepared grids which may contain some interpolated values. The GEBCO_2014 grid has a mean and median depth of 3897m and 3441 m, respectively. Hypsometric analysis reveals that 50% of the Earth's surface is composed of seafloor located 3200m below mean sea level and that similar to 900 ship years of surveying would be needed to obtain complete multibeam coverage of the world's oceans. C1 [Weatherall, Pauline] British Oceanog Data Ctr, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Marks, K. M.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD USA. [Jakobsson, Martin] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Schmitt, Thierry] Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, Brest, France. [Tani, Shin] Japan Coast Guard, Hydrog & Oceanog Dept, Tokyo, Japan. [Arndt, Jan Erik] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Rovere, Marzia] Consiglio Ric, Inst Marine Sci, Bologna, Italy. [Chayes, Dale; Ferrini, Vicki] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Wigley, Rochelle] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Marks, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD USA. EM Karen.Marks@noaa.gov RI Marks, Karen/F-5610-2010; Ferrini, Vicki/F-7398-2012; OI Marks, Karen/0000-0001-6524-1495; Ferrini, Vicki/0000-0002-6054-5040; Arndt, Jan Erik/0000-0002-9413-1612; Rovere, Marzia/0000-0002-1397-7086 NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2333-5084 J9 Earth Space Sci JI Earth Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 2 IS 8 BP 331 EP 345 DI 10.1002/2015EA000107 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DE6NK UT WOS:000370750400001 ER PT J AU Fishman, R Devineni, N Raman, S AF Fishman, Ram Devineni, Naresh Raman, Swaminathan TI Can improved agricultural water use efficiency save India's groundwater? SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE water resources; irrigation; agriculture; efficient technologies; India ID IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY; DRIP IRRIGATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRESH-WATER; RESOURCES; CONSERVATION; DEPLETION; COUNTRIES; POLICIES; RECHARGE AB Irrigated agriculture is placing increasing pressure on finite freshwater resources, especially in developing countries, where water extraction is often unregulated, un-priced and even subsidized. To shift agriculture to a more sustainable use of water without harming the food security and livelihoods of hundreds of millions of smallholders, substantial improvements of water use efficiency will be required. Here, we use detailed hydroclimatic and agricultural data to estimate the potential for the widespread adoption of efficient irrigation technologies to halt the depletion of India's groundwater resources. Even though we find substantial technical potential for reversing water table declines, we show that the impacts are highly sensitive to assumptions about farmers' water use decisions. For example, we find that widespread adoption of proven technologies that include drip and sprinkler irrigation has the potential to reduce the amount of excessive extraction of groundwater by two thirds. However, under more realistic assumptions about farmers' irrigation choices, half of these reductions are lost due to the expansion of irrigated area. Our results suggest that without the introduction of incentives for conservation, much of the potential impact of technology adoption on aquifers may be lost. The analysis provides quantitative input to the debate of incentive versus technology based water policies. C1 [Fishman, Ram] George Washington Univ, Dept Econ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Fishman, Ram] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Publ Policy, Ramat Aviv, Israel. [Devineni, Naresh] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Devineni, Naresh] CUNY City Coll, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Raman, Swaminathan] Navsari Agr Univ, Dept Soil & Water Management, Surat, India. RP Fishman, R (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Econ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM rfishman@gwu.edu; ndevineni@ccny.cuny.edu FU PepsiCo Foundation FX This research was partially supported by PepsiCo Foundation. The authors would like to express sincere gratitude to the anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions have greatly improved the paper. We would also like to thank the Columbia Water Center for help, and in particular Upmanu Lall, Vijay Modi, Chandra Kiran Krishnamurti and Shama Praveen for providing valuable feedback during the inception of this work. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR 084022 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/084022 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3JD UT WOS:000366999400022 ER PT J AU Colette, A Andersson, C Baklanov, A Bessagnet, B Brandt, J Christensen, JH Doherty, R Engardt, M Geels, C Giannakopoulos, C Hedegaard, GB Katragkou, E Langner, J Lei, H Manders, A Melas, D Meleux, F Rouil, L Sofiev, M Soares, J Stevenson, DS Tombrou-Tzella, M Varotsos, KV Young, P AF Colette, Augustin Andersson, Camilla Baklanov, Alexander Bessagnet, Bertrand Brandt, Jorgen Christensen, Jesper H. Doherty, Ruth Engardt, Magnuz Geels, Camilla Giannakopoulos, Christos Hedegaard, Gitte B. Katragkou, Eleni Langner, Joakim Lei, Hang Manders, Astrid Melas, Dimitris Meleux, Frederik Rouil, Laurence Sofiev, Mikhail Soares, Joana Stevenson, David S. Tombrou-Tzella, Maria Varotsos, Konstantinos V. Young, Paul TI Is the ozone climate penalty robust in Europe? SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pollution; climate change; ozone ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; AIR-POLLUTION LEVELS; SURFACE OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TRANSPORT MODEL; IMPACTS; FUTURE; QUALITY; TRENDS AB Ozone air pollution is identified as one of the main threats bearing upon human health and ecosystems, with 25 000 deaths in 2005 attributed to surface ozone in Europe (IIASA 2013 TSAP Report #10). In addition, there is a concern that climate change could negate ozone pollution mitigation strategies, making them insufficient over the long run and jeopardising chances to meet the long term objective set by the European Union Directive of 2008 (Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008) (60 ppbv, daily maximum). This effect has been termed the ozone climate penalty. One way of assessing this climate penalty is by driving chemistry-transport models with future climate projections while holding the ozone precursor emissions constant (although the climate penalty may also be influenced by changes in emission of precursors). Here we present an analysis of the robustness of the climate penalty in Europe across time periods and scenarios by analysing the databases underlying 11 articles published on the topic since 2007, i.e. a total of 25 model projections. This substantial body of literature has never been explored to assess the uncertainty and robustness of the climate ozone penalty because of the use of different scenarios, time periods and ozone metrics. Despite the variability of model design and setup in this database of 25 model projection, the present meta-analysis demonstrates the significance and robustness of the impact of climate change on European surface ozone with a latitudinal gradient from a penalty bearing upon large parts of continental Europe and a benefit over the North Atlantic region of the domain. Future climate scenarios present a penalty for summertime (JJA) surface ozone by the end of the century (2071-2100) of at most 5 ppbv. Over European land surfaces, the 95% confidence interval of JJA ozone change is [0.44; 0.64] and [0.99; 1.50] ppbv for the 2041-2070 and 2071-2100 time windows, respectively. C1 [Colette, Augustin; Bessagnet, Bertrand; Meleux, Frederik; Rouil, Laurence] Inst Natl Environm Ind & Risques INERIS, Verneuil En Halatte, France. [Andersson, Camilla; Engardt, Magnuz; Langner, Joakim] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Baklanov, Alexander] Danish Meteorol Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Brandt, Jorgen; Christensen, Jesper H.; Geels, Camilla; Hedegaard, Gitte B.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Environm Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Doherty, Ruth] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Giannakopoulos, Christos; Varotsos, Konstantinos V.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens, Greece. [Katragkou, Eleni] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Geol, Dept Meteorol & Climatol, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Lei, Hang] NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. [Manders, Astrid] TNO, Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res, Delft, Netherlands. [Melas, Dimitris] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Phys, Lab Atmospher Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Sofiev, Mikhail; Soares, Joana] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Tombrou-Tzella, Maria] Univ Athens, Div Environm Phys & Meteorol, Athens 11528, Greece. [Young, Paul] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. RP Colette, A (reprint author), Inst Natl Environm Ind & Risques INERIS, Verneuil En Halatte, France. EM augustin.colette@ineris.fr RI Brandt, Jorgen/B-3733-2011; Christensen, Jesper /E-9524-2011; Geels, Camilla/G-4757-2013; Andersson, Camilla/B-7580-2014; Sofiev, Mikhail/F-7606-2016; Bessagnet, Bertrand/O-2969-2016; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012 OI Christensen, Jesper /0000-0002-6741-5839; Geels, Camilla/0000-0003-2549-1750; Sofiev, Mikhail/0000-0001-9542-5746; Bessagnet, Bertrand/0000-0003-2062-4681; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673 FU European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) [282687, 282910, 247708, 282746, 037005]; US Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program; SALUTAIR (French Primequal ADEME-MEDDE programme); ACHIA (ADEME); Nordic Council of Ministers (EnsCLIM) [KoL-10-04]; Swedish EPA through the research programme CLEO; Swedish EPA through the research programme SCARP; framework of the ERA-ENVHEALTH research programme ACCEPTED; Dutch Knowledge for Climate Programme; European Union (European Social Fund-ESF); Greek national funds through the Operational Program 'Education and Lifelong Learning' of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)-Research Funding Program: Heracleitus II FX This research was commissioned by the European Environmental Agency through its Topic Centre on Air Quality and Climate Mitigation. It benefited from the support to earlier projects: the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements no. 282687 (ATOPICA), no. 282910 (ECLAIRE), no. 247708 (SUDPLAN), no. 282746 (IMPACT2C), no. 037005 (CECILIA); the US Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program with simulations done with NOAA, DOE/NERSC and NCSA/UIUC supercomputing resources; SALUTAIR (French Primequal ADEME-MEDDE programme); ACHIA (ADEME) and computing resources of the TGCC/CCRT/CEA; Nordic Council of Ministers (EnsCLIM project no: KoL-10-04); the Swedish EPA through the research programmes CLEO and SCARP, and through the framework of the ERA-ENVHEALTH research programme ACCEPTED; Dutch Knowledge for Climate Programme; the European Union (European Social Fund-ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program 'Education and Lifelong Learning' of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)-Research Funding Program: Heracleitus II. AUTH acknowledges EGI and HellasGrid for computing resources and technical support. Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund. The coordinated ACCMIP and HTAP exercises are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR 084015 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/084015 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3JD UT WOS:000366999400016 ER PT J AU Screen, JA Deser, C Sun, LT AF Screen, James A. Deser, Clara Sun, Lantao TI Projected changes in regional climate extremes arising from Arctic sea ice loss SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Arctic; sea ice; extremes; climate; weather; temperature; precipitation ID EARTH-SYSTEM; WEATHER; INDEXES; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; ENSEMBLE; SUMMER; MIDLATITUDES; CIRCULATION; DECLINE AB The decline in Arctic sea ice cover has been widely documented and it is clear that this change is having profound impacts locally. An emerging and highly uncertain area of scientific research, however, is whether such Arctic change has a tangible effect on weather and climate at lower latitudes. Of particular societal relevance is the open question: will continued Arctic sea ice loss make mid-latitude weather more extreme? Here we analyse idealized atmospheric general circulation model simulations, using two independent models, both forced by projected Arctic sea ice loss in the late twenty-first century. We identify robust projected changes in regional temperature and precipitation extremes arising solely due to Arctic sea ice loss. The likelihood and duration of cold extremes are projected to decrease over high latitudes and over central and eastern North America, but to increase over central Asia. Hot extremes are projected to increase in frequency and duration over high latitudes. The likelihood and severity of wet extremes are projected to increase over high latitudes, the Mediterranean and central Asia; and their intensity is projected to increase over high latitudes and central and eastern Asia. The number of dry days over mid-latitude Eurasia and dry spell duration over high latitudes are both projected to decrease. There is closer model agreement for projected changes in temperature extremes than for precipitation extremes. Overall, we find that extreme weather over central and eastern North America is more sensitive to Arctic sea ice loss than over other mid-latitude regions. Our results are useful for constraining the role of Arctic sea ice loss in shifting the odds of extreme weather, but must not be viewed as deterministic projections, as they do not account for drivers other than Arctic sea ice loss. C1 [Screen, James A.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Deser, Clara] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Sun, Lantao] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sun, Lantao] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Screen, JA (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. EM j.screen@exeter.ac.uk RI Sun, Lantao/D-9948-2015 OI Sun, Lantao/0000-0001-8578-9175 FU National Environmental Research Council [NE/J019585/1]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs; NCAR FX We thank Robert Tomas for conducting some of the CAM4 simulations. The HadGAM2 simulations were performed on the ARCHER UK National Super-computing Service. James Screen is supported by National Environmental Research Council grant NE/J019585/1. The National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs supported Lantao Sun. The NSF sponsors NCAR. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their time and expert feedback. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 35 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR 084006 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/084006 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3JD UT WOS:000366999400007 ER PT J AU Fesperman, RR Moylan, SP Vogl, GW Donmez, MA AF Fesperman, Ronnie R. Moylan, Shawn P. Vogl, Gregory W. Donmez, M. Alkan TI Reconfigurable data driven virtual machine tool: Geometric error modeling and evaluation SO CIRP JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Five-axis machine tool; Data driven; Virtual machine tool; Information modeling; Geometric error modeling; Standards ID COMPENSATION; ACCURACY; METHODOLOGY; CENTERS AB Standards communities are developing robust machining and instrumented performance tests to evaluate the accuracy of 5-axis machining centers through the direct and indirect measurement of errors affecting the simultaneous motion of all five axes. The combined effect of the numerous geometric errors and servo errors complicates diagnostic analysis of the measurement results and estimation of the individual errors. To better understand the effect of the individual errors on the measurement results, we developed a reconfigurable five-axis data driven virtual machine tool (DDVMT) error simulator. The DDVMT is a generalized model that incorporates machine tool information models, geometric error models, controller models, and (standardized) machine tool metrology test methods and analyses into one modeling scheme. This paper describes the data driven virtual machine tool and demonstrates its ability to simulate the effects of geometric errors on multi-axis performance tests. (C) 2015 CIRP. C1 [Fesperman, Ronnie R.] CR Onsrud Inc, Troutman, NC 28166 USA. [Moylan, Shawn P.; Vogl, Gregory W.; Donmez, M. Alkan] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fesperman, RR (reprint author), CR Onsrud Inc, 120 Technol Dr, Troutman, NC 28166 USA. EM rfesperman@cronsrud.com NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1755-5817 J9 CIRP J MANUF SCI TEC JI CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 BP 120 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.cirpj.2015.03.001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA CX8YV UT WOS:000365992500013 ER PT J AU Anovitz, LM Cole, DR Sheets, JM Swift, A Elston, HW Welch, S Chipera, SJ Littrell, KC Mildner, DFR Wasbrough, MJ AF Anovitz, Lawrence Michael Cole, David Robert Sheets, Julia Meyer Swift, Alexander Elston, Harold William Welch, Susan Chipera, Steve James Littrell, Kenneth Charles Mildner, David Francis Raymond Wasbrough, Matthew John TI Effects of maturation on multiscale (nanometer to millimeter) porosity in the Eagle Ford Shale SO Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MICROSTRUCTURE; SANDSTONE; CRYSTALS; FLUIDS; PORES; ROCKS; EARTH AB Porosity and permeability are key variables that link the thermal-hydrologic, geomechanical, and geochemical behavior in rock systems and are thus important input parameters for transport models. Neutron scattering studies indicate that the scales of pore sizes in rocks extend over many orders of magnitude from nanometer-sized pores with huge amounts of total surface area to large open fracture systems (multiscale porosity). However, despite considerable efforts combining conventional petrophysics, neutron scattering, and electron microscopy, the quantitative nature of this porosity in tight gas shales, especially at smaller scales and over larger rock volumes, remains largely unknown. Nor is it well understood how pore networks are affected by regional variation in rock composition and properties, thermal changes across the oil window (maturity), and, most critically, hydraulic fracturing. To improve this understanding, we have used a combination of small-and ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (U)SANS with scanning electron microscope (SEM)/backscattered electron imaging to analyze the pore structure of clay-and carbonate-rich samples of the Eagle Ford Shale. This formation is hydrocarbon rich, straddles the oil window, and is one of the most actively drilled oil and gas targets in the United States. Several important trends in the Eagle Ford rock pore structure have been identified using our approach. The (U) SANS results reflected the connected (effective) and unconnected porosity, as well as the volume occupied by organic material. The latter could be separated using total organic carbon data and, at all maturities, constituted a significant fraction of the apparent porosity. At lower maturities, the pore structure was strongly anisotropic. However, this decreased with increasing maturity, eventually disappearing entirely for carbonate-rich samples. In clay-and carbonate-rich samples, a significant reduction in total porosity occurred at (U) SANS scales, much of it during initial increases in maturity. This apparently contradicted SEM observations that showed increases in intraorganic porosity with increasing maturity. Organic-rich shales are, however, a very complex material from the point of view of scattering studies, and a more detailed analysis is needed to better understand these observations. C1 [Anovitz, Lawrence Michael] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cole, David Robert; Sheets, Julia Meyer; Swift, Alexander; Elston, Harold William; Welch, Susan] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Chipera, Steve James] Chesapeake Energy Corp, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Littrell, Kenneth Charles] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Mildner, David Francis Raymond; Wasbrough, Matthew John] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Anovitz, LM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM anovitzlm@ornl.gov; sheets.2@osu.edu; swift.63@osu.edu; elston.22@osu.edu; welch.318@osu.edu; steve.chipera@chk.com; littrellkc@ornl.gov; david.mildner@nist.gov; matthew.wasbrough@nist.gov RI Wasbrough, Matthew/H-2252-2013; Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016; Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Wasbrough, Matthew/0000-0002-3225-7447; Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750; Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences through the Energy Frontier Research Center - Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2 (neutron scattering); National Science Foundation (NSF) Dimensions Environmental Biology program [DEB-1342701]; NSF [DMR-0944772] FX The work of L. M. Anovitz was supported by research sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. D. R. Cole and A. Swift were funded by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences through the Energy Frontier Research Center - Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2 (neutron scattering). The microscopy assessment (J. Sheets, S. Welch, H. Elston) was supported from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Dimensions Environmental Biology program through grant no. DEB-1342701. The samples analyzed were kindly provided by Chesapeake Energy. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Neutron Research, the U.S. Department of Commerce, and the HFIR at ORNL in providing the research neutron facilities used in this work. This work used facilities supported in part by the NSF under agreement no. DMR-0944772. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, materials, and software are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Department of Energy, or ORNL, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 27 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 2324-8858 EI 2324-8866 J9 INTERPRETATION-J SUB JI Interpretation PD AUG PY 2015 VL 3 IS 3 BP SU59 EP SU70 DI 10.1190/INT-2014-0280.1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CV6EG UT WOS:000364362900023 ER PT J AU Paulot, F Jacob, DJ Johnson, MT Bell, TG Baker, AR Keene, WC Lima, ID Doney, SC Stock, CA AF Paulot, F. Jacob, D. J. Johnson, M. T. Bell, T. G. Baker, A. R. Keene, W. C. Lima, I. D. Doney, S. C. Stock, C. A. TI Global oceanic emission of ammonia: Constraints from seawater and atmospheric observations SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; EXPERIMENT ACE 1; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NITRIFICATION RATES; PARTICLE NUCLEATION; NITROGEN CYCLES; WET DEPOSITION; NORTH PACIFIC AB Current global inventories of ammonia emissions identify the ocean as the largest natural source. This source depends on seawater pH, temperature, and the concentration of total seawater ammonia (NHx(sw)), which reflects a balance between remineralization of organic matter, uptake by plankton, and nitrification. Here we compare [NHx(sw)] from two global ocean biogeochemical models (BEC and COBALT) against extensive ocean observations. Simulated [NHx(sw)] are generally biased high. Improved simulation can be achieved in COBALT by increasing the plankton affinity for NHx within observed ranges. The resulting global ocean emissions is 2.5 TgN a(-1), much lower than current literature values (7-23 TgN a(-1)), including the widely used Global Emissions InitiAtive (GEIA) inventory (8 TgN a(-1)). Such a weak ocean source implies that continental sources contribute more than half of atmospheric NHx over most of the ocean in the Northern Hemisphere. Ammonia emitted from oceanic sources is insufficient to neutralize sulfate aerosol acidity, consistent with observations. There is evidence over the Equatorial Pacific for a missing source of atmospheric ammonia that could be due to photolysis of marine organic nitrogen at the ocean surface or in the atmosphere. Accommodating this possible missing source yields a global ocean emission of ammonia in the range 2-5 TgN a(-1), comparable in magnitude to other natural sources from open fires and soils. C1 [Paulot, F.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Paulot, F.; Stock, C. A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Paulot, F.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Johnson, M. T.] Univ E Anglia, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Johnson, M. T.] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. [Bell, T. G.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Baker, A. R.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Keene, W. C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Lima, I. D.; Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Paulot, F (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM Fabien.Paulot@noaa.gov RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Baker, Alex/D-1233-2011; Lima, Ivan/A-6823-2016; Bell, Thomas/E-8488-2011; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Baker, Alex/0000-0002-8365-8953; Lima, Ivan/0000-0001-5345-0652; Bell, Thomas/0000-0002-4108-7048; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU NASA ACMAP; NSF [AGS-1020594, EF-0424599, AGS-0328342]; UK SOLAS Knowledge Transfer grant (SOLAS Project Integration) [NE/E001696/1] FX This work was funded by NASA ACMAP. S. C. Doney, I. D. Lima, and W. C. Keene acknowledge support from NSF (AGS-1020594 and EF-0424599 to WHOI and AGS-0328342 to UVA). T. G. Bell acknowledges support from the UK SOLAS Knowledge Transfer grant (SOLAS Project Integration; NE/E001696/1). We thank T. Suzuki, P. Quinn, and A. Pszenny for contributing observations of marine nitrogen, B. Ward for helpful discussions, and L. W. Horowitz, J. P. Dunne, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. Model outputs presented in this study are available upon request (Fabien.Paulot@noaa.gov). NR 108 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1165 EP 1178 DI 10.1002/2015GB005106 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU7FP UT WOS:000363702400005 ER PT J AU Evans, W Mathis, JT Cross, JN Bates, NR Frey, KE Else, BGT Papkyriakou, TN DeGrandpre, MD Islam, F Cai, WJ Chen, BS Yamamoto-Kawai, M Carmack, E Williams, WJ Takahashi, T AF Evans, Wiley Mathis, Jeremy T. Cross, Jessica N. Bates, Nicholas R. Frey, Karen E. Else, Brent G. T. Papkyriakou, Tim N. DeGrandpre, Mike D. Islam, Fakhrul Cai, Wei-Jun Chen, Baoshan Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo Carmack, Eddy Williams, William. J. Takahashi, Taro TI Sea-air CO2 exchange in the western Arctic coastal ocean SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; NORTHEASTERN CHUKCHI SEA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; UPTAKE CAPACITY AB The biogeochemical seascape of the western Arctic coastal ocean is in rapid transition. Changes in sea ice cover will be accompanied by alterations in sea-air carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange, of which the latter has been difficult to constrain owing to sparse temporal and spatial data sets. Previous assessments of sea-air CO2 flux have targeted specific subregional areas of the western Arctic coastal ocean. Here a holistic approach is taken to determine the net sea-air CO2 flux over this broad region. We compiled and analyzed an extensive data set of nearly 600,000 surface seawater CO2 partial pressure (pCO(2)) measurements spanning 2003 through 2014. Using space-time colocated, reconstructed atmospheric pCO(2) values coupled with the seawater pCO(2) data set, monthly climatologies of sea-air pCO(2) differences (Delta pCO(2)) were created on a 0.2 degrees latitude x0.5 degrees longitude grid. Sea-air CO2 fluxes were computed using the Delta pCO(2) grid and gas transfer rates calculated from climatology of wind speed second moments. Fluxes were calculated with and without the presence of sea ice, treating sea ice as an imperfect barrier to gas exchange. This allowed for carbon uptake by the western Arctic coastal ocean to be assessed under existing and reduced sea ice cover conditions, in which carbon uptake increased 30% over the current 10.9 +/- 5.7 Tg C (1 Tg = 10(12) g) yr(-1) of sea ice-adjusted exchange in the region. This assessment extends beyond previous subregional estimates in the region in an all-inclusive manner and points to key unresolved aspects that must be targeted by future research. C1 [Evans, Wiley; Mathis, Jeremy T.; Cross, Jessica N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Evans, Wiley; Mathis, Jeremy T.; Cross, Jessica N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Bates, Nicholas R.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, Ferry Reach, Bermuda. [Frey, Karen E.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Else, Brent G. T.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geog, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Papkyriakou, Tim N.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geog & Environm, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [DeGrandpre, Mike D.; Islam, Fakhrul] Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Biochem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Cai, Wei-Jun] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Newark, DE USA. [Chen, Baoshan] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Carmack, Eddy; Williams, William. J.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada. [Takahashi, Taro] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA. RP Evans, W (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM wiley.evans@noaa.gov RI Cai, Wei-Jun/C-1361-2013; Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo/F-7611-2013 OI Cai, Wei-Jun/0000-0003-3606-8325; Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo/0000-0002-1035-2179 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [PLR-1107997]; NSF Arctic System Science Program [ARC-1107645]; United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA10OAR432143] FX The authors would like to thank the many contributors to the SOCAT V2 data set, as well as the numerous ships and crews that were relied upon to collect the data compiled for this analysis. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is an international effort, supported by the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program (IMBER), to deliver a uniformly quality-controlled surface ocean CO2 database. The many researchers and funding agencies responsible for the collection of data and quality control are thanked for their contributions to SOCAT. The SOCAT V2 data set used in this analysis is available at http://www.socat.info, and the measurements from T. Takahashi are available from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Carbon Dioxide Research Group (http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/CO2/). All data sets used in this analysis are available from W. Evans upon request (wiley.evans@noaa.gov). The authors would like to thank Lisa Miller and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped to improve this manuscript. The integration and synthesis of this work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF; PLR-1107997) to J.T.M. and the NSF Arctic System Science Program (ARC-1107645 to KEF). T. T. and the Ship of Opportunity Observation Program (SOOP) were supported by a grant (NA10OAR432143) from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 111 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1190 EP 1209 DI 10.1002/2015GB005153 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU7FP UT WOS:000363702400007 ER PT J AU Wan, ZM Zhang, K Xue, XW Hong, Z Hong, Y Gourley, JJ AF Wan, Zhanming Zhang, Ke Xue, Xianwu Hong, Zhen Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. TI Water balance-based actual evapotranspiration reconstruction from ground and satellite observations over the conterminous United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRACE; ALGORITHM; MODIS; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; FLUXES; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; EVAPORATION AB The objective of this study is to produce an observationally based monthly evapotranspiration (ET) product using the simple water balance equation across the conterminous United States (CONUS). We adopted the best quality ground and satellite-based observations of the water budget components, i.e., precipitation, runoff, and water storage change, while ET is computed as the residual. Precipitation data are provided by the bias-corrected PRISM observation-based precipitation data set, while runoff comes from observed monthly streamflow values at 592 USGS stream gauging stations that have been screened by strict quality controls. We developed a land surface model-based downscaling approach to disaggregate the monthly GRACE equivalent water thickness data to daily, 0.125 degrees values. The derived ET computed as the residual from the water balance equation is evaluated against three sets of existing ET products. The similar spatial patterns and small differences between the reconstructed ET in this study and the other three products show the reliability of the observationally based approach. The new ET product and the disaggregated GRACE data provide a unique, important hydro-meteorological data set that can be used to evaluate the other ET products as a benchmark data set, assess recent hydrological and climatological changes, and terrestrial water and energy cycle dynamics across the CONUS. These products will also be valuable for studies and applications in drought assessment, water resources management, and climate change evaluation. C1 [Wan, Zhanming; Zhang, Ke; Xue, Xianwu; Hong, Zhen; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing HyDROS Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wan, Zhanming; Xue, Xianwu; Hong, Zhen; Hong, Yang] Natl Weather Serv, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Wan, Zhanming; Xue, Xianwu; Hong, Zhen; Hong, Yang] Natl Weather Serv, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK USA. [Zhang, Ke] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhang, Ke] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing HyDROS Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM kezhang@ou.edu; yanghong@ou.edu RI Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Xue, Xianwu/C-8006-2016; Zhang, Ke/B-3227-2012; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Xue, Xianwu/0000-0002-2106-6370; Zhang, Ke/0000-0001-5288-9372; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA14OAR4830100]; DOI/USGS; South-Central Climate Science Center; HyDROS Lab FX This research was funded by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA14OAR4830100, U.S. Department of Commerce. Xianwu Xue was supported by a grant from DOI/USGS and South-Central Climate Science Center and Zhanming Wan was supported by the HyDROS Lab. The stream gauging data, observation-based precipitation data, and GRACE equivalent water thickness data are available at USGS National Water Data Center (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/rt), PRISM Climate Group (http://www.prism.oregonstate.edu), and JPL (http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov/data/), respectively. The rest data can be requested from Ke Zhang (kezhang@ou.edu). Zhanming Wan and Ke Zhang contributed equally to this work. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 8 BP 6485 EP 6499 DI 10.1002/2015WR017311 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CU3CZ UT WOS:000363402800033 ER PT J AU McPhaden, MJ Wang, Y Ravichandran, M AF McPhaden, Michael J. Wang, Yi Ravichandran, M. TI Volume transports of the Wyrtki jets and their relationship to the Indian Ocean Dipole SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SUBSURFACE COUNTERCURRENTS; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SURFACE CURRENTS; ZONAL CURRENTS; TIME-SCALE; DYNAMICS; ORIGINS AB The equatorial Indian Ocean is characterized by strong eastward flows in the upper 80-100 m during boreal spring and fall referred to as the Wyrtki jets. These jets are driven by westerly winds during the transition seasons between the southwest and northeast monsoons and represent a major conduit for mass and heat transfer between the eastern and western sides of the basin. Since their discovery over 40 years ago, there have been very few estimates from direct observations of the volume transports associated with these currents. In this paper we describe seasonal-to-interannual time scale variations in volume transports based on 5 years of unique measurements from an array of acoustic Doppler current profilers in the central equatorial Indian Ocean. The array was centered at 08, 80.58E and spanned latitudes between 2.58N and 4 degrees S from August 2008 to December 2013. Analysis of these data indicates that the spring jet peaks in May at 14.9+/-2.9 Sv and the fall jet peaks in November at 19.7+/-2.4 Sv, around which there are year-to-year transport variations of 5-10 Sv. The relationship of the interannual transport variations to zonal wind stress forcing, sea surface temperature, sea surface height, and surface current variations associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) are further highlighted. We also illustrate the role of wind-forced equatorial waves in affecting transport variations of the fall Wyrtki jet during the peak season of the IOD. C1 [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wang, Yi] Ocean Univ Qingdao, Coll Phys & Environm Oceanog, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. [Ravichandran, M.] Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Earth Syst Sci Org, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. RP McPhaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Michael.J.Mcphaden@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 5302 EP 5317 DI 10.1002/2015JC010901 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CT2SI UT WOS:000362653600002 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Kumar, A AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun TI Influence of availability of TAO data on NCEP ocean data assimilation systems along the equatorial Pacific SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; HEAT-CONTENT; REANALYSIS; GODAS; ENSO AB It is reasonable to assume that the quality of an ocean reanalysis will depend not only on the ocean data assimilation system but also on the availability of observational data. Among the data assimilated in the tropical Pacific, observations from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) moored array are an important contributor. Due to various reasons, in the last couple of years, TAO had a very low data delivery rate at some of the mooring sites. In this work, we examined the influence of the availability of in situ TAO data from all 10 equatorial mooring sites in 1999-2014 by comparing ocean temperature from two data assimilation systems at National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP): the Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). Our working hypothesis is that missing of in situ observational data should lead to less observational constraint, and consequently, larger divergence between ocean reanalyses. Compared with periods of no in situ TAO observations, the disagreements of ocean temperature between CFSR and GODAS are indeed smaller when in situ TAO observations are available. The disagreements are largest along the thermocline due to its being the region of strongest variability. Thus, it is suggested that without the constraint of in situ TAO observations, the inconsistency between the ocean reanalyses from two NCEP data assimilation systems is larger, highlighting the contribution of TAO observations. Moreover, it is also suggested that the disagreement of ocean temperature between GODAS and CFSR is mainly caused by the difference of the models used in the assimilation systems and the impact of in situ TAO availability plays a secondary, but important role. To improve the quality of the assimilation products, it is necessary both to reduce model bias and to assimilate more high-quality data. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Zeng-Zhen.Hu@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 FU NOAA Climate Observation Division of Climate Program Office FX We appreciate the constructive comments and suggestions of two reviewers and the Editors (Chunzai Wang and Lie-Yauw Oey), which motivated us to improve the work significantly. We would like to thank support from the NOAA Climate Observation Division of Climate Program Office for this study. Thanks also go to our colleagues Yan Xue and Emily Becker for helpful comments, as well as Leigh Zhang for the helps in processing the data. We thank the TAO Project Office of NOAA/PMEL for supplying the TAO data, which were downloaded from http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/jsdisplay/. All other data for this paper are available at NOAA Climate Prediction Center (CPC) and National Climate Data Center (NCDC) (http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/GODAS/; http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/data.php?name=access#cfs). The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any view or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NWS, NOAA, or the Department of Commerce. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 5534 EP 5544 DI 10.1002/2015JC010913 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CT2SI UT WOS:000362653600014 ER PT J AU Huang, SM Oey, LY AF Huang, S. -M. Oey, Lie-Yauw TI Right-side cooling and phytoplankton bloom in the wake of a tropical cyclone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; MODEL SIMULATION; OCEAN RESPONSE; MIXED-LAYER; HURRICANE; ATLANTIC; WIND; CHLOROPHYLL; SCALES; SPEEDS AB The rightward tendency (in northern hemisphere) of enhanced phytoplankton bloom often observed in the wake of a tropical cyclone has commonly been attributed to the rightward bias of mixing due to stronger wind and wind-current resonance. We demonstrated using a high-resolution biophysical model that vertical mixing alone resulted only in weak asymmetry after the passage of the storm. The enhanced bloom was caused instead by decreased turbulence due to restratification by submesoscale recirculation cells preferentially produced on the right side, rightward shift of cool isotherms, and spin-up of a subsurface jet. We showed using a two-time scale asymptotic expansion that these slower-evolving features were forced by resonance Reynolds stresses of the energetic and rapidly oscillating near-inertial internal waves. C1 [Huang, S. -M.; Oey, Lie-Yauw] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Hydrol & Ocean Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Huang, S. -M.; Oey, Lie-Yauw] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Hydrol & Ocean Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. EM lyo@princeton.edu FU Taiwan's Foundation; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan; K.-K. Liu's MOST project [103-2611-M-008-005] FX Authors thank the reviewers for their comments which improve this paper. SeaWiFS data are available on http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/forum/oceancolor/topic_show.pl?tid=85 and WOA data are available on https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/SELECT/woaselect/woaselect.html. Other data are available by emailing the corresponding author L.-Y. Oey at lyo@princeton.edu. L.Y.O benefited from discussions with K.-K. Liu on biogeochemistry. We also thank Y.-C. Lin for help with some of the graphics. L.Y.O. is grateful for the award he received from the Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship. This research was in part supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan. S.-M. Huang was supported through K.-K. Liu's MOST project 103-2611-M-008-005. Calculations were conducted on National Central University ATOP cluster. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 5735 EP 5748 DI 10.1002/2015JC010896 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CT2SI UT WOS:000362653600026 ER PT J AU Cousins, EDP Matsuo, T Richmond, AD Anderson, BJ AF Cousins, E. D. P. Matsuo, Tomoko Richmond, A. D. Anderson, B. J. TI Dominant modes of variability in large-scale Birkeland currents SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE high-latitude ionosphere; ionospheric electrodynamics; AMPERE; field-aligned currents; Birkeland currents; EOF ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; IONOSPHERIC ELECTRODYNAMICS; MAGNETOMETER DATA; DYNAMICS; NORTHERN; AMPERE AB Properties of variability in large-scale Birkeland currents are investigated through empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of 1week of data from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE). Mean distributions and dominant modes of variability are identified for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Differences in the results from the two hemispheres are observed, which are attributed to seasonal differences in conductivity (the study period occurred near solstice). A universal mean and set of dominant modes of variability are obtained through combining the hemispheric results, and it is found that the mean and first three modes of variability (EOFs) account for 38% of the total observed squared magnetic perturbations (B-2) from both hemispheres. The mean distribution represents a standard Region 1/Region 2 (R1/R2) morphology of currents and EOF 1 captures the strengthening/weakening of the average distribution and is well correlated with the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). EOF 2 captures a mixture of effects including the expansion/contraction and rotation of the (R1/R2) currents; this mode correlates only weakly with possible external driving parameters. EOF 3 captures changes in the morphology of the currents in the dayside cusp region and is well correlated with the dawn-dusk component of the IMF. The higher-order EOFs capture more complex, smaller-scale variations in the Birkeland currents and appear generally uncorrelated with external driving parameters. The results of the EOF analysis described here are used for describing error covariance in a data assimilation procedure utilizing AMPERE data, as described in a companion paper. C1 [Cousins, E. D. P.; Richmond, A. D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Anderson, B. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. RP Cousins, EDP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM ecousins@ucar.edu FU NSF [AGS-1135446, AGS-1025089, PLR-1443703]; AFOSR [1210429]; NASA [NNX13AD64G]; National Science Foundation FX We thank the AMPERE team and the AMPERE Science Center for providing the Iridium-derived data products. Instructions for obtaining these data can be found at http://ampere.jhuapl.edu/. We gratefully acknowledge the NASA Space Physics Data Facility; the World Data Center, Kyoto; and the National Geophysical Data Center for providing the high-resolution OMNI data; the AE, AL, and SYM-H index data; and the Kp index data, respectively. This work was supported by NSF grant AGS-1135446, AFOSR award 1210429, and NASA grant NNX13AD64G. T.M. is supported by NSF awards AGS-1025089 and PLR-1443703. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 6722 EP 6735 DI 10.1002/2014JA020462 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS5NP UT WOS:000362125300050 ER PT J AU Birner, T Davis, S Seidel, D AF Birner, Thomas Davis, Sean Seidel, Dian TI Stratospheric cooling and the tropical belt Reply SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 [Birner, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Davis, Sean] NOAA, Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Seidel, Dian] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. RP Birner, T (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM thomas@atmos.colostate.edu; sean.m.davis@noaa.gov RI Birner, Thomas/A-2108-2008 OI Birner, Thomas/0000-0002-2966-3428 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 EI 1945-0699 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 2015 VL 68 IS 8 BP 12 EP 12 DI 10.1063/PT.3.2864 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CS7SZ UT WOS:000362287300007 ER PT J AU Krista, LD McIntosh, SW AF Krista, Larisza D. McIntosh, Scott W. TI The Standardisation and Sequencing of Solar Eclipse Images for the Eclipse Megamovie Project SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Eclipse observations AB We present a new tool, the Solar Eclipse Image Standardisation and Sequencing (SEISS), developed to process multi-source total solar eclipse images by adjusting them to the same standard of size, resolution, and orientation. Furthermore, by analysing the eclipse images, we can determine the relative time between the observations and order them to create a movie of the observed total solar eclipse sequence. We successfully processed images taken at the 14 November 2012 total solar eclipse that occurred in Queensland, Australia, and created a short eclipse proto-movie. The SEISS tool was developed for the Eclipse Megamovie Project (EMP: , with the goal of processing thousands of images taken by the public during solar eclipse events. EMP is a collaboration among multiple institutes aiming to engage and advance the public interest in solar eclipses and the science of the Sun-Earth connection. C1 [Krista, Larisza D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Krista, Larisza D.; McIntosh, Scott W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Krista, Larisza D.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Krista, LD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM larisza.krista@colorado.edu; mscott@ucar.edu FU NSF RAPID grant [AGS-1247226] FX We would like to thank everyone who kindly shared their eclipse observations with us, making this work possible. This work was supported by the NSF RAPID grant AGS-1247226. We also thank Claire Raftery, Lucia Kleint, and the Eclipse Megamovie Project team for their contribution to the project. Special thanks to Doug Biesecker for helpful discussions. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 290 IS 8 BP 2381 EP 2391 DI 10.1007/s11207-015-0757-1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS3WY UT WOS:000362007300013 ER PT J AU Hemmick, P Berger, T AF Hemmick, Paul Berger, Thomas TI Seventeenth Annual Space Weather Workshop Draws Diverse Crowd SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Letter C1 [Berger, Thomas] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hemmick, P (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. EM paul.hemmick@noaa.gov; thomas.berger@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD AUG PY 2015 VL 13 IS 8 BP 427 EP 429 DI 10.1002/2015SW001255 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS6QC UT WOS:000362204800001 ER PT J AU Loto'aniu, TM Singer, HJ Rodriguez, JV Green, J Denig, W Biesecker, D Angelopoulos, V AF Loto'aniu, T. M. Singer, H. J. Rodriguez, J. V. Green, J. Denig, W. Biesecker, D. Angelopoulos, V. TI Space weather conditions during the Galaxy 15 spacecraft anomaly SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; SEMIANNUAL VARIATION; SUBSTORM; STORM; ORBIT AB On 5 April 2010, the Galaxy 15 spacecraft, orbiting at geosynchronous altitudes, experienced an anomaly near local midnight when it stopped responding to any ground commands. The anomaly has been reported as due to a lockup of the field-programmable gate array within the spacecraft baseband communications unit during an onboard electrostatic discharge (ESD). This study evaluates the space weather conditions at the time of the Galaxy 15 anomaly. The study also compares the plasma and geomagnetic environments around the anomaly to space weather observations over the operational lifetime of Galaxy 15 up to the anomaly time. On 5 April, the Galaxy 15 spacecraft encountered severe plasma conditions while it was in eclipse and during the subsequent anomaly interval. These conditions included a massive magnetic field dipolarization that injected energetic particles from the magnetotail during a substorm observed by GOES and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms satellites. Galaxy 15 was located at a near-optimum position and local time to experience the full impact of the injected energetic particles. During the largest previous storm experienced by Galaxy 15 in December 2006, evidence suggests that it would not have been exposed to the same level of space weather as on 5 April 2010. Hence, while Galaxy 15 was traversing the nightside on 5 April, it likely experienced, for a short period, the most severe local plasma conditions it had encountered since launch. The most likely contributions to the ESD were interactions of the spacecraft with substorm-injected energetic particles facilitating spacecraft surface charging and deep dielectric charging. C1 [Loto'aniu, T. M.; Rodriguez, J. V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Loto'aniu, T. M.; Rodriguez, J. V.; Green, J.; Denig, W.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. [Singer, H. J.; Biesecker, D.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Loto'aniu, TM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM paul.lotoaniu@noaa.gov FU German Ministry for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) [50 OC 0302]; NOAA GOES-R risk reduction and calibration/validation groups FX We wish to thank colleagues at NOAA-SWPC and NOAA-NCEI for helpful discussions. We particularly thank W. Murtagh and D. Wilkinson for their contributions through the NOAA Galaxy 15 Tiger Team study. We thank T.G. Onsager for his work preparing the GOES energetic particle data. We thank R. Viereck and J. Machol for OVATION model plots. We thank D. Larson and the late R.P. Lin for use of THEMIS SST data. We thank C.W. Carlson and J.P. McFadden for use of THEMIS ESA data. We also thank K.H. Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann for the use of THEMIS FGM data provided under the lead of the Technical University of Braunschweig and with financial support through the German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) under contract 50 OC 0302. Paul T.M. Loto'aniu and J.V. Rodriguez were funded for this study by the NOAA GOES-R risk reduction and calibration/validation groups. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD AUG PY 2015 VL 13 IS 8 BP 484 EP 502 DI 10.1002/2015SW001239 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS6QC UT WOS:000362204800007 ER PT J AU Fowler, JW Alpert, BK Doriese, WB Fischer, DA Jaye, C Joe, YI O'Neil, GC Swetz, DS Ullom, JN AF Fowler, J. W. Alpert, B. K. Doriese, W. B. Fischer, D. A. Jaye, C. Joe, Y. I. O'Neil, G. C. Swetz, D. S. Ullom, J. N. TI MICROCALORIMETER SPECTROSCOPY AT HIGH PULSE RATES: A MULTI-PULSE FITTING TECHNIQUE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: detectors; methods: data analysis ID RAY; SYSTEM; SUM AB Transition Edge Sensor microcalorimeters can measure X-ray and gamma-ray energies with very high energy resolution and high photon-collection efficiency. For this technology to reach its full potential in future X-ray observatories, each sensor must be able to measure hundreds or even thousands of photon energies per second. Current "optimal filtering" approaches to achieve the best possible energy resolution work only for photons that are well isolated in time, a requirement which is in direct conflict with the need for high-rate measurements. We describe a new analysis procedure to allow fitting for the pulse height of all photons even in the presence of heavy pulse pile-up. In the limit of isolated pulses, the technique reduces to standard optimal filtering with long records. We employ reasonable approximations to the noise covariance function in order to render this procedure computationally viable even for very long data records. The technique is employed to analyze X-ray emission spectra at 600 eV and 6 keV at rates up to 250 counts s(-1) in microcalorimeters having exponential signal decay times of approximately 1.2 ms. C1 [Fowler, J. W.; Alpert, B. K.; Doriese, W. B.; Joe, Y. I.; O'Neil, G. C.; Swetz, D. S.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fischer, D. A.; Jaye, C.] NIST, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven, NY USA. RP Fowler, JW (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway MS 686-02, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program; NASA through the grant "Demonstrating Enabling Technologies for the High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer of the Next NASA X-ray Astronomy Mission"; NASA [NNH11ZDA001N-SAT]; ARRA Senior Research Fellowship from NIST FX We are grateful to our NIST electronics and microfabrication colleagues for preparation of outstanding microcalorimeter detectors, SQUID multiplexing electronics, and warm analog and digital readout systems. Colin Fitzgerald helped with the shipment of the spectrometer to the NSLS and its construction there. Jens Uhlig assisted with operations at the NSLS. We had helpful conversations on pulse-analysis topics with Doug Bennett and Kent Irwin at NIST and Simon Bandler, Harvey Moseley, Dale Fixsen, and Sarah Busch of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. We thank the technical and computing staff of the National Synchrotron Light Source and of Brookhaven National Laboratory for their contributions. This work was supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program, by NASA through the grant "Demonstrating Enabling Technologies for the High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer of the Next NASA X-ray Astronomy Mission," NASA NNH11ZDA001N-SAT, and by an ARRA Senior Research Fellowship from NIST (JF). NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 219 IS 2 AR 35 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/219/2/35 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS2CY UT WOS:000361876600021 ER PT J AU Barth, MC Cantrell, CA Brune, WH Rutledge, SA Crawford, JH Huntrieser, H Carey, LD MacGorman, D Weisman, M Pickering, KE Bruning, E Anderson, B Apel, E Biggerstaff, M Campos, T Campuzano-Jost, P Cohen, R Crounse, J Day, DA Diskin, G Flocke, F Fried, A Garland, C Heikes, B Honomichl, S Hornbrook, R Huey, LG Jimenez, JL Lang, T Lichtenstern, M Mikoviny, T Nault, B O'Sullivan, D Pan, LL Peischl, J Pollack, I Richter, D Riemer, D Ryerson, T Schlager, H St Clair, J Walega, J Weibring, P Weinheimer, A Wennberg, P Wisthaler, A Wooldridge, PJ Ziegler, C AF Barth, Mary C. Cantrell, Christopher A. Brune, William H. Rutledge, Steven A. Crawford, James H. Huntrieser, Heidi Carey, Lawrence D. MacGorman, Donald Weisman, Morris Pickering, Kenneth E. Bruning, Eric Anderson, Bruce Apel, Eric Biggerstaff, Michael Campos, Teresa Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Cohen, Ronald Crounse, John Day, Douglas A. Diskin, Glenn Flocke, Frank Fried, Alan Garland, Charity Heikes, Brian Honomichl, Shawn Hornbrook, Rebecca Huey, L. Gregory Jimenez, Jose L. Lang, Timothy Lichtenstern, Michael Mikoviny, Tomas Nault, Benjamin O'Sullivan, Daniel Pan, Laura L. Peischl, Jeff Pollack, Ilana Richter, Dirk Riemer, Daniel Ryerson, Thomas Schlager, Hans St Clair, Jason Walega, James Weibring, Petter Weinheimer, Andrew Wennberg, Paul Wisthaler, Armin Wooldridge, Paul J. Ziegler, Conrad TI THE DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS AND CHEMISTRY (DC3) FIELD CAMPAIGN SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC-TROPOSPHERIC EXPERIMENT; SEVERE THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; POLARITY ELECTRICAL STRUCTURES; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; LIGHTNING ACTIVITY; NOX PRODUCTION; TROPOPAUSE REGION; SCALE MODEL; NEW-MEXICO; JULY 10 AB The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field experiment produced an exceptional dataset on thunderstorms, including their dynamical, physical, and electrical structures and their impact on the chemical composition of the troposphere. The field experiment gathered detailed information on the chemical composition of the inflow and outflow regions of midlatitude thunderstorms in northeast Colorado, west Texas to central Oklahoma, and northern Alabama. A unique aspect of the DC3 strategy was to locate and sample the convective outflow a day after active convection in order to measure the chemical transformations within the upper-tropospheric convective plume. These data are being analyzed to investigate transport and dynamics of the storms, scavenging of soluble trace gases and aerosols, production of nitrogen oxides by lightning, relationships between lightning flash rates and storm parameters, chemistry in the upper troposphere that is affected by the convection, and related source characterization of the three sampling regions. DC3 also documented biomass-burning plumes and the interactions of these plumes with deep convection. C1 [Barth, Mary C.; Weisman, Morris; Apel, Eric; Campos, Teresa; Flocke, Frank; Honomichl, Shawn; Hornbrook, Rebecca; Pan, Laura L.; Weinheimer, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Cantrell, Christopher A.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Fried, Alan; Jimenez, Jose L.; Richter, Dirk; Walega, James; Weibring, Petter] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rutledge, Steven A.; Lang, Timothy] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Crawford, James H.; Anderson, Bruce; Diskin, Glenn] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Lichtenstern, Michael; Schlager, Hans] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Carey, Lawrence D.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [MacGorman, Donald; Ziegler, Conrad] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Pickering, Kenneth E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bruning, Eric] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Biggerstaff, Michael] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cohen, Ronald; Garland, Charity; Nault, Benjamin; Wooldridge, Paul J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crounse, John; St Clair, Jason; Wennberg, Paul] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Heikes, Brian] Univ Rhode Isl, Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI USA. [Huey, L. Gregory] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mikoviny, Tomas] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [O'Sullivan, Daniel] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Peischl, Jeff; Pollack, Ilana; Ryerson, Thomas] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Riemer, Daniel] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Wisthaler, Armin] Instr Ionenphys & Angew Phys, Innsbruck, Austria. RP Barth, MC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM barthm@ucar.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703; Lang, Timothy/0000-0003-1576-572X; MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX DC3 was a complex field campaign coordinating aircraft facilities and ground-based facilities at three different locations. There are many people to thank, each responsible for making the campaign successful. Specifically, we thank the DC-8 HDSP2 team-Rushan Gao, Joshua Schwarz, Anne Perring, John Holloway, and Milos Markowic-for the black carbon data used for the PM1 calculation. The National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are gratefully acknowledged for sponsoring the DC3 field experiment. The field project support provided by NCAR/EOL staff, especially Vidal Salazar and Jim Moore, is greatly appreciated. Data from the field campaign can be found at the NCAR/EOL field projects catalog (www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/dc3/). NR 72 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 96 IS 8 BP 1281 EP 1309 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00290.1 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR5FJ UT WOS:000361365700001 ER PT J AU Kibira, D Lee, YT Marshall, J Feeney, AB Avery, L Jacobs, A AF Kibira, Deogratias Lee, Y. Tina Marshall, Jennifer Feeney, Allison Barnard Avery, Larry Jacobs, Allie TI Simulation-based design concept evaluation for ambulance patient compartments SO SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Ambulance; emergency medical service; patient compartment design; design requirements; safety and task performance ID EMERGENCY AMBULANCES AB To address the inadequacy of ambulance design standards, the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and BMT Designers and Planners have collaborated to develop new design standards for ambulance patient compartments. This paper presents a simulation-based approach to evaluate and guide improving patient compartment designs that conform to developed requirements for better performance and safety of ambulance users. Those requirements address hazards stemming from (1) the inability of providers to remain safely restrained while treating patients, and (2) the musculoskeletal damage from awkward body postures. An initial design was developed through the axiomatic design approach with inputs from stakeholders such as emergency medical service providers and ambulance manufacturers. The design was imported into a human task simulation tool. It was tested for performance to identify areas for further improvements, which resulted in a second design concept. This paper shows how computer simulation was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the two successive design concepts in enabling providers to perform a range of medical care tasks while remaining seated and restrained. We also evaluated the musculoskeletal effect of these designs on the providers. The results showed that using a simulation-based evaluation produced patient compartments that better meet user requirements when compared with traditional designs. This research produced a set of requirements and recommendations that we believe will lead to better design standards and guidelines for the next generation of ambulances. C1 [Kibira, Deogratias; Lee, Y. Tina; Marshall, Jennifer; Feeney, Allison Barnard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Avery, Larry; Jacobs, Allie] BMT Designers & Planners, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Kibira, D (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM deogratias.kibira@nist.gov FU US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate [HSHQDC-11-X-00049]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX This work was supported by the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate, who financed the production of this material under Interagency Agreement HSHQDC-11-X-00049 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0037-5497 EI 1741-3133 J9 SIMUL-T SOC MOD SIM JI Simul.-Trans. Soc. Model. Simul. Int. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 91 IS 8 BP 691 EP 714 DI 10.1177/0037549715592716 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA CS0QL UT WOS:000361767100002 ER PT J AU Tsuruta, A Aalto, T Backman, L Peters, W Krol, M van der Laan-Luijkx, IT Hatakka, J Heikkinen, P Dlugokencky, EJ Spahni, R Paramonova, NN AF Tsuruta, Aki Aalto, Tuula Backman, Leif Peters, Wouter Krol, Maarten van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T. Hatakka, Juha Heikkinen, Pauli Dlugokencky, Edward J. Spahni, Renato Paramonova, Nina N. TI Evaluating atmospheric methane inversion model results for Pallas, northern Finland SO BOREAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pallas Symposium 2013 CY SEP 25-27, 2013 CL Muonio, FINLAND ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; GLOBAL METHANE; TRANSPORT MODEL; MIXING-RATIO; 2 DECADES; EMISSIONS; CH4; CO2; AIR AB A state-of-the-art inverse model, CarbonTracker Data Assimilation Shell (CTDAS), was used to optimize estimates of methane (CH4) surface fluxes using atmospheric observations of CH4 as a constraint. The model consists of the latest version of the TM5 atmospheric chemistry-transport model and an ensemble Kalman filter based data assimilation system. The model was constrained by atmospheric methane surface concentrations, obtained from the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG). Prior methane emissions were specified for five sources: biosphere, anthropogenic, fire, termites and ocean, of which biosphere and anthropogenic emissions were optimized. Atmospheric CH4 mole fractions for 2007 from northern Finland calculated from prior and optimized emissions were compared with observations. It was found that the root mean squared errors of the posterior estimates were more than halved. Furthermore, inclusion of NOAA observations of CH, from weekly discrete air samples collected at Pallas improved agreement between posterior CH4 mole fraction estimates and continuous observations, and resulted in reducing optimized biosphere emissions and their uncertainties in northern Finland. C1 [Tsuruta, Aki; Aalto, Tuula; Backman, Leif] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Res, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Peters, Wouter; Krol, Maarten; van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T.] Wageningen Univ, Meteorol & Air Qual, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Hatakka, Juha] Finnish Meteorologiacal Inst, Atmospher Composit Res, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Heikkinen, Pauli] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Res, FI-99600 Sodankyla, Finland. [Dlugokencky, Edward J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Spahni, Renato] Univ Bern, Climate & Environm Phys, Inst Phys, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Paramonova, Nina N.] Voeikov Main Geophys Observ, RU-194021 St Petersburg, Russia. RP Tsuruta, A (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Res, POB 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM Aki.Tsuruta@fmi.fi RI van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/G-9169-2011; Aalto, Tuula/P-6183-2014; Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; Backman, Leif/F-6796-2014; Tsuruta, Aki/A-7535-2015; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013 OI van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/0000-0002-3990-6737; Aalto, Tuula/0000-0002-3264-7947; Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070; Backman, Leif/0000-0002-1501-2958; FU Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation; NCoE DEFROST; NCoE eSTICC; Finnish Academy project CARE-ARC [285630] FX We thank the Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation, NCoE DEFROST, NCoE eSTICC and the Finnish Academy project CARE-ARC (285630) for their financial support. We thank Dr. Akihiko Ito for providing prior emissions of termites. We are grateful for National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Environment Canada (EC), and the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) network for taking discrete air samples at global sites. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INST PI HELSINKI PA P O BOX 140, FIN-00251 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 1239-6095 EI 1797-2469 J9 BOREAL ENVIRON RES JI Boreal Environ. Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 20 IS 4 BP 506 EP 525 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CR5VC UT WOS:000361411500005 ER PT J AU Swapna, P Roxy, MK Aparna, K Kulkarni, K Prajeesh, AG Ashok, K Krishnan, R Moorthi, S Kumar, A Goswami, BN AF Swapna, P. Roxy, M. K. Aparna, K. Kulkarni, K. Prajeesh, A. G. Ashok, K. Krishnan, R. Moorthi, S. Kumar, A. Goswami, B. N. TI THE IITM EARTH SYSTEM MODEL SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; SUMMER MONSOON RAINFALL; OCEAN GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; INDIAN-OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; PART I; SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; NUMERICAL-MODEL AB With the goal of building an Earth system model appropriate for detection, attribution, and projection of changes in the South Asian monsoon, a state-of-the-art seasonal prediction model, namely the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) has been adapted to a climate model suitable for extended climate simulations at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, India. While the CFSv2 model has been skillful in predicting the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) on seasonal time scales, a century-long simulation with it shows biases in the ocean mixed layer, resulting in a 1.5 degrees C cold bias in the global mean surface air temperature, a cold bias in the sea surface temperature (SST), and a cooler-than-observed troposphere. These biases limit the utility of CFSv2 to study climate change issues. To address biases, and to develop an Indian Earth System Model (IITM ESMv1), the ocean component in CFSv2 was replaced at IITM with an improved version, having better physics and interactive ocean biogeochemistry. A 100-yr simulation with the new coupled model (with biogeochemistry switched off) shows substantial improvements, particularly in global mean surface temperature, tropical SST, and mixed layer depth. The model demonstrates fidelity in capturing the dominant modes of climate variability such as the ENSO and Pacific decadal oscillation. The ENSO-ISM teleconnections and the seasonal leads and lags are also well simulated. The model, a successful result of Indo-U.S. collaboration, will contribute to the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) simulations, a first for India. C1 [Swapna, P.; Roxy, M. K.; Aparna, K.; Kulkarni, K.; Prajeesh, A. G.; Ashok, K.; Krishnan, R.; Goswami, B. N.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Ctr Climate Change Res, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Kulkarni, K.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Moorthi, S.; Kumar, A.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. RP Ashok, K (reprint author), Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Ctr Climate Change Res, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. EM ashok@tropmet.res.in NR 84 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 96 IS 8 BP 1351 EP 1367 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00276.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR5FP UT WOS:000361366300001 ER PT J AU Stucki, P Bronnimann, S Martius, O Welker, C Rickli, R Dierer, S Bresch, DN Compo, GP Sardeshmukh, PD AF Stucki, Peter Broennimann, Stefan Martius, Olivia Welker, Christoph Rickli, Ralph Dierer, Silke Bresch, David N. Compo, Gilbert P. Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. TI Dynamical Downscaling and Loss Modeling for the Reconstruction of Historical Weather Extremes and Their Impacts: A Severe Foehn Storm in 1925 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SWITZERLAND C1 [Stucki, Peter; Broennimann, Stefan; Welker, Christoph] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. [Stucki, Peter; Broennimann, Stefan; Welker, Christoph; Rickli, Ralph] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, Bern, Switzerland. [Martius, Olivia] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Inst Geog, Bern, Switzerland. [Martius, Olivia] Univ Bern, Mobiliar Lab Nat Risks, Bern, Switzerland. [Rickli, Ralph; Dierer, Silke] Meteotest, Bern, Switzerland. [Bresch, David N.] Swiss Reinsurance Co, Zurich, Switzerland. [Compo, Gilbert P.; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Compo, Gilbert P.; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Stucki, P (reprint author), Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Hallerstr 12, Bern, Switzerland. EM peter.stucki@giub.unibe.ch OI Martius, Olivia/0000-0002-8645-4702; Bronnimann, Stefan/0000-0001-9502-7991 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 96 IS 8 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00041.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR5FG UT WOS:000361365300001 ER PT J AU Quackenbush, NF Paik, H Woicik, JC Arena, DA Schlom, DG Piper, LFJ AF Quackenbush, Nicholas F. Paik, Hanjong Woicik, Joseph C. Arena, Dario A. Schlom, Darrell G. Piper, Louis F. J. TI X-Ray Spectroscopy of Ultra-Thin Oxide/Oxide Heteroepitaxial Films: A Case Study of Single-Nanometer VO2/TiO2 SO MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE heteroepitaxial systems and interfaces; rational design of nanoscale materials; structure-function relationship ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; VANADIUM DIOXIDE; PHASE-TRANSITION; MOTT TRANSITION; TIO2 001; VO2; ELECTRONICS; ABSORPTION; TEMPERATURE; INTERFACES AB Epitaxial ultra-thin oxide films can support large percent level strains well beyond their bulk counterparts, thereby enabling strain-engineering in oxides that can tailor various phenomena. At these reduced dimensions (typically < 10 nm), contributions from the substrate can dwarf the signal from the epilayer, making it difficult to distinguish the properties of the epilayer from the bulk. This is especially true for oxide on oxide systems. Here, we have employed a combination of hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) and angular soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to study epitaxial VO2/TiO2 (100) films ranging from 7.5 to 1 nm. We observe a low-temperature (300 K) insulating phase with evidence of vanadium-vanadium (V-V) dimers and a high-temperature (400 K) metallic phase absent of V-V dimers irrespective of film thickness. Our results confirm that the metal insulator transition can exist at atomic dimensions and that biaxial strain can still be used to control the temperature of its transition when the interfaces are atomically sharp. More generally, our case study highlights the benefits of using non-destructive XAS and HAXPES to extract out information regarding the interfacial quality of the epilayers and spectroscopic signatures associated with exotic phenomena at these dimensions. C1 [Quackenbush, Nicholas F.; Piper, Louis F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Paik, Hanjong; Schlom, Darrell G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Arena, Dario A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Schlom, Darrell G.] Cornell Nanoscale Sci, Kavli Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Piper, LFJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM quackenbush@binghamton.edu; hp277@cornell.edu; woicik@bnl.gov; darena@bnl.gov; schlom@cornell.edu; lpiper@binghamton.edu RI Piper, Louis/C-2960-2011 OI Piper, Louis/0000-0002-3421-3210 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1409912, ECCS-0335765]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0665]; National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Center program [DMR-1120296]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02- 98CH10886] FX Louis F. J. Piper and Nicholas F. Quackenbush acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation under DMR-1409912. Hanjong Paik and Darrell G. Schlom acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Naval Research through Award No. N00014-11-1-0665. This work made use of the Cornell Center for Materials Research Shared Facilities, which are supported through the National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Center program (DMR-1120296). This work was performed in part at the Cornell Nanoscale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. ECCS-0335765). The National Synchrotron Light Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02- 98CH10886. Beamline X24a is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 38 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD AUG PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 5452 EP 5466 DI 10.3390/ma8085255 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CQ5KX UT WOS:000360643900058 ER PT J AU Kalluri, S Gundy, J Haman, B Paullin, A Van Rompay, P Vititoe, D Weiner, A AF Kalluri, Satya Gundy, James Haman, Brian Paullin, Anthony Van Rompay, Paul Vititoe, David Weiner, Allan TI A High Performance Remote Sensing Product Generation System Based on a Service Oriented Architecture for the Next Generation of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE GOES-R; Product Generation; High Performance Computing (HPC); Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) ID GOES-R; ALGORITHMS AB The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series R, S, T, U (GOES-R) will collect remote sensing data at several orders of magnitude compared to legacy missions, 24 x 7, over its 20-year operational lifecycle. A suite of 34 Earth and space weather products must be produced at low latency for timely delivery to forecasters. A ground system (GS) has been developed to meet these challenging requirements, using High Performance Computing (HPC) within a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). This approach provides a robust, flexible architecture to support the operational GS as it generates remote sensing products by ingesting and combining data from multiple sources. Test results show that the system meets the key latency and availability requirements for all products. C1 [Kalluri, Satya] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NOAA, GOES R Program Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gundy, James; Haman, Brian; Paullin, Anthony; Vititoe, David; Weiner, Allan] Harris Corp, Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. [Van Rompay, Paul] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Kalluri, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NOAA, GOES R Program Off, Code 417, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM satya.kalluri@noaa.gov; jgundy@harris.com; bhaman@harris.com; apaullin@harris.com; pvanromp@aer.com; dvititoe@harris.com; aweiner@harris.com FU NOAA [DG133E-09-CN-0094] FX The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. Harris Corporation was funded by NOAA contract DG133E-09-CN-0094. The authors would like to thank Steven Goodman, Tim Schmit, Basil Chiasson, and the three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and feedback on the original manuscript. Their contributions led to significant improvements in the final published version. ABI L2+ algorithms were provided by the GOES-R Algorithm Working Group. The L1b algorithms were provided by the following instrument vendors: Exelis (ABI), Lockheed Martin (SUVI, GLM and Magnetometer), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (EXIS), and Assurance Technology Corporation (SEISS). NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 11 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 10385 EP 10399 DI 10.3390/rs70810385 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CQ7XF UT WOS:000360818800041 ER PT J AU Inamdar, AK Guillevic, PC AF Inamdar, Anand K. Guillevic, Pierre C. TI Net Surface Shortwave Radiation from GOES Imagery-Product Evaluation Using Ground-Based Measurements from SURFRAD SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID RADIOMETER SUITE VIIRS; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; SOLAR-RADIATION; BUDGET NETWORK; ENERGY-BALANCE; VALIDATION; INSOLATION; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; METHODOLOGY AB The Earth's surface net radiation controls the energy and water exchanges between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere, and can be derived from satellite observations. The ability to monitor the net surface radiation over large areas at high spatial and temporal resolution is essential for many applications, such as weather forecasting, short-term climate prediction or water resources management. The objective of this paper is to derive the net surface radiation in the shortwave domain at high temporal (half-hourly) and spatial resolution (similar to 1 km) using visible imagery from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES). The retrieval algorithm represents an adaptation to GOES data of a standard algorithm initially developed for the NASA-operated Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) scanner. The methodology relies on: (1) the estimation of top of atmosphere shortwave radiation from GOES spectral measurements; and (2) the calculation of net surface shortwave (SW) radiation accounting for atmospheric effects. Comparison of GOES-retrieved net surface shortwave radiation with ground-measurements at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Surface Radiation (SURFRAD) stations yields very good agreement with average bias lower than 5W center dot m(-2) and root mean square difference around 70 W center dot m(-2). The algorithm performance is usually higher over areas characterized by low spatial variability in term of land cover type and surface biophysical properties. The technique does not involve retrieval and assessment of cloud properties and can be easily adapted to other meteorological satellites around the globe. C1 [Inamdar, Anand K.] N Carolina State Univ, CICS, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Inamdar, Anand K.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Guillevic, Pierre C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. RP Inamdar, AK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, CICS, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM anand.inamdar@noaa.gov; Pierre.Guillevic@gmail.com FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS)-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA; National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) FX This work was supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS)-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006, and by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, under contract with the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA). The GOES data are distributed by the NOAA's Comprehensive Large-Array Data Stewardship System (CLASS). The CERES data were obtained from the Atmospheric Sciences Data Center at the NASA Langley Research Center. The ARM/SGP and SURFRAD data were obtained from the Surface Observations provided by the CERES/ARM Validation Experiment (CAVE) web site. Authors are grateful for constructive comments provided by the reviewers which helped a great deal in improving the quality of presentation. Authors acknowledge the help rendered by Jessica Griffin (CICS) with figures. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 10788 EP 10814 DI 10.3390/rs70810788 PG 27 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CQ7XF UT WOS:000360818800059 ER PT J AU Ullom, JN Bennett, DA AF Ullom, Joel N. Bennett, Douglas A. TI Review of superconducting transition-edge sensors for x-ray and gamma-ray spectroscopy SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE superconducting detector; microcalorimeters; x-ray spectroscopy ID MICROWAVE SQUID MULTIPLEXER; PHASE-SLIP CENTERS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ENERGY RESOLUTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MICROCALORIMETER DETECTORS; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; HEAT-CAPACITIES; TES DETECTORS; NOISE AB We present a review of emerging x-ray and gamma-ray spectrometers based on arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs). Special attention will be given to recent progress in TES applications and in understanding TES physics. C1 [Ullom, Joel N.; Bennett, Douglas A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ullom, Joel N.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bennett, DA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Joel.Ullom@nist.gov; Douglas.Bennett@nist.gov FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program; NASA; Department of Energy FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program, NASA, and the Department of Energy. The manuscript benefitted from discussions with numerous colleagues at NIST, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NASA, and elsewhere. Much of the work described in the manuscript was enabled by the efforts of current and former staff members in the NIST Quantum Sensors Project including Jim Beall, Dan Becker, Randy Doriese, Colin Fitzgerald, Joseph Fowler, John Gard, Jim Hays-Wehle, Gene Hilton, Rob Horansky, Kent Irwin, Young Il Joe, Vince Kotsubo, Peter Lowell, Ben Mates, Omid Noroozian, Galen O'Neil, Carl Reintsema, Daniel Swetz, Daniel Schmidt, Jens Uhlig, Leila Vale, and Barry Zink. NR 204 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 32 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 28 IS 8 AR 084003 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/28/8/084003 PG 36 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CQ9JL UT WOS:000360930500005 ER PT J AU Thorbeck, T Zimmerman, NM AF Thorbeck, Ted Zimmerman, Neil M. TI Formation of strain-induced quantum dots in gated semiconductor nanostructures SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTORS; SILICON NANOWIRES; CARRIER MOBILITY; TRANSPORT; SI AB A long-standing mystery in the field of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is: Why are there so many unintentional dots (also known as disorder dots) which are neither expected nor controllable. It is typically assumed that these unintentional dots are due to charged defects, however the frequency and predictability of the location of the unintentional QDs suggests there might be additional mechanisms causing the unintentional QDs besides charged defects. We show that the typical strains in a semiconductor nanostructure from metal gates are large enough to create strain-induced quantum dots. We simulate a commonly used QD device architecture, metal gates on bulk silicon, and show the formation of strain-induced QDs. The strain-induced QD can be eliminated by replacing the metal gates with poly-silicon gates. Thus strain can be as important as electrostatics to QD device operation operation. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Thorbeck, Ted; Zimmerman, Neil M.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thorbeck, Ted] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Thorbeck, Ted] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Thorbeck, T (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tcthorbeck@wisc.edu FU Laboratory for Physical Sciences [EAO93195] FX We would like to acknowledge helpful conversations with Michael Stewart, Panu Koppinen, Josh Pomeroy, Justin Perron and Vladimir Aksyuk. This work was supported in part by the Laboratory for Physical Sciences (EAO93195). NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 5 IS 8 AR 087107 DI 10.1063/1.4928320 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CQ5OW UT WOS:000360655900016 ER PT J AU Beron-Vera, FJ Olascoaga, MJ Haller, G Farazmand, M Trinanes, J Wang, Y AF Beron-Vera, Francisco J. Olascoaga, Maria J. Haller, George Farazmand, Mohammad Trinanes, Joaquin Wang, Yan TI Dissipative inertial transport patterns near coherent Lagrangian eddies in the ocean SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL FLOWS; RAFOS FLOATS; BLACK-HOLES; DYNAMICS; TURBULENCE; VORTICES; ALTIMETER; PARTICLES; BUOYANCY; BARRIERS AB Recent developments in dynamical systems theory have revealed long-lived and coherent Lagrangian (i.e., material) eddies in incompressible, satellite-derived surface ocean velocity fields. Paradoxically, observed drifting buoys and floating matter tend to create dissipative-looking patterns near oceanic eddies, which appear to be inconsistent with the conservative fluid particle patterns created by coherent Lagrangian eddies. Here, we show that inclusion of inertial effects (i. e., those produced by the buoyancy and size finiteness of an object) in a rotating two-dimensional incompressible flow context resolves this paradox. Specifically, we obtain that anticyclonic coherent Lagrangian eddies attract (repel) negatively (positively) buoyant finite-size particles, while cyclonic coherent Lagrangian eddies attract (repel) positively (negatively) buoyant finite-size particles. We show how these results explain dissipative-looking satellite-tracked surface drifter and subsurface float trajectories, as well as satellite-derived Sargassum distributions. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Beron-Vera, Francisco J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Olascoaga, Maria J.; Wang, Yan] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Haller, George] ETH, Inst Mech Syst, Zurich, Switzerland. [Farazmand, Mohammad] ETH, Dept Math, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Trinanes, Joaquin] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Trinanes, Joaquin] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Trinanes, Joaquin] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Invest Tecnol, Santiago, Spain. RP Beron-Vera, FJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM fberon@rsmas.miami.edu RI Haller, George/A-5076-2012 FU NOAA/AOML; UM/CIMAS; BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative; NSF [CMG0825547] FX The comments by two anonymous reviewers have led to improvements in the paper. Support for this work was provided by NOAA/AOML and UM/CIMAS, a grant from the BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative, and NSF Grant CMG0825547. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD AUG PY 2015 VL 25 IS 8 AR 087412 DI 10.1063/1.4928693 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CQ5PO UT WOS:000360657900032 PM 26328583 ER PT J AU Royer, JY Chateau, R Dziak, RP Bohnenstiehl, DR AF Royer, J. -Y. Chateau, R. Dziak, R. P. Bohnenstiehl, D. R. TI Seafloor seismicity, Antarctic ice-sounds, cetacean vocalizations and long-term ambient sound in the Indian Ocean basin SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Hydrogeophysics; Acoustic properties; Mid-ocean ridge processes; Indian Ocean ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; ST PAUL HOTSPOT; DE-FUCA RIDGE; HYDROPHONE ARRAYS; HYDROACOUSTIC SIGNALS; HISTORICAL SEISMICITY; SPREADING-CENTER; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC-OCEAN AB This paper presents the results from the Deflo-hydroacoustic experiment in the Southern Indian Ocean using three autonomous underwater hydrophones, complemented by two permanent hydroacoustic stations. The array monitored for 14 months, from November 2006 to December 2007, a 3000 x 3000 km wide area, encompassing large segments of the three Indian spreading ridges that meet at the Indian Triple Junction. A catalogue of 11 105 acoustic events is derived from the recorded data, of which 55 per cent are located from three hydrophones, 38 per cent from 4, 6 per cent from five and less than 1 per cent by six hydrophones. From a comparison with land-based seismic catalogues, the smallest detected earthquakes are m(b) 2.6 in size, the range of recorded magnitudes is about twice that of land-based networks and the number of detected events is 5-16 times larger. Seismicity patterns vary between the three spreading ridges, with activity mainly focused on transform faults along the fast spreading Southeast Indian Ridge and more evenly distributed along spreading segments and transforms on the slow spreading Central and ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian ridges; the Central Indian Ridge is the most active of the three with an average of 1.9 events/100 km/month. Along the Sunda Trench, acoustic events mostly radiate from the inner wall of the trench and show a 200-km-long seismic gap between 2 degrees S and the Equator. The array also detected more than 3600 cryogenic events, with different seasonal trends observed for events from the Antarctic margin, compared to those from drifting icebergs at lower (up to 50 degrees S) latitudes. Vocalizations of five species and subspecies of large baleen whales were also observed and exhibit clear seasonal variability. On the three autonomous hydrophones, whale vocalizations dominate sound levels in the 20-30 and 100 Hz frequency bands, whereas earthquakes and ice tremor are a dominant source of ambient sound at frequencies < 20 Hz. C1 [Royer, J. -Y.; Chateau, R.] CNRS, Brest, France. [Royer, J. -Y.; Chateau, R.] Univ Brest, Lab Domaines Ocean, Brest, France. [Dziak, R. P.] Oregon State Univ, CIMRS, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, NOAA, Newport, OR USA. [Bohnenstiehl, D. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Royer, JY (reprint author), CNRS, Brest, France. EM jean-yves.royer@univ-brest.fr RI Royer, Jean-Yves/B-4312-2010 OI Royer, Jean-Yves/0000-0002-7653-7715 FU French Polar Institute (IPEV) [VT94-MD157, VT95A-MD165]; INSU-CNRS; CEA; NOAA Ocean Exploration and Research Program [VT95B-OP2008/1]; French Government; NOAA OER; Region Bretagne; French Government.; Dziak FX We thank the captains and crew of the R/V Marion Dufresne for the successful deployments and recoveries of the hydrophones of the DEFLO-Hydro project. The French Polar Institute (IPEV) funded the ship-time for the deployment and recovery cruises (cruises VT94-MD157 and VT95A-MD165, resp.); INSU-CNRS, CEA and NOAA Ocean Exploration and Research Program contributed to the funding of extra days of ship-time for the recovery of the last instrument (cruise VT95B-OP2008/1). The mooring lines were acquired with grants from Region Bretagne and INSU-CNRS. NOAA/PMEL Acoustics Program provided the hydrophone instruments. We thank Haru Matsumoto and Andy Lau at PMEL for preparing and shipping the instruments and for providing the Seas software. The French participation on the project was supported by INSU-CNRS. RC was supported by a PhD fellowship from the French Government. NOAA OER also provided research support for Dziak and Bohnenstiehl. We thank the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty Organization for providing access to the IMS data; the Commission is not responsible for the views expressed by the authors. Figures were made with the Generic Mapping Tool (GMT; Wessel & Smith 1998). This paper is PMEL contribution number 4217. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 202 IS 2 BP 748 EP 762 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv178 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CQ5DX UT WOS:000360624600005 ER PT J AU Fabian, K Shcherbakov, VP McEnroe, SA Robinson, P Burton, BP AF Fabian, K. Shcherbakov, V. P. McEnroe, S. A. Robinson, P. Burton, B. P. TI Magnetic mean-field modelling of solid solutions: theoretical foundations and application to the hematite-ilmenite system SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Magnetic mineralogy and petrology; Rock and mineral magnetism ID REVERSED THERMOREMANENT MAGNETIZATION; LAMELLAR MAGNETISM; ORDER-DISORDER; SELF-REVERSAL; FERROMAGNETISM; SERIES; FE2O3-FETIO3; ANISOTROPY AB A spatially averaged mean-field model for fully or partially ordered members of the ilmenite-hematite solid solution series is rigorously derived from the Heisenberg Hamiltonian by first assuming no temporal correlation of atomic spins, and then by spatially averaging over spins at equivalent atomic positions. The model is based on the geometry of exchange interactions between nearest and next-nearest neighbours and predicts magnetization curves in homogenous solid solutions with variable degree of order. While the general framework presented can also be applied to atomic scalemodels, and to other solid solution series, here the symmetries of the ilmenite-hematite lattice are exploited to show that four different sublattice magnetizations and six independent combinations of exchange constants determine the temperature variation of the magnetization curves. Comparing measured Curie temperatures T-C and M-s(T) curves to model predictions results in accurate constraints for these combinations. It is also possible to calculate predictions for high-field magnetization slopes chi(HF), which not only improve accurate experimental determination of the Curie temperature but also provide a new magnetic method to estimate the order parameter for ilmenite-hematite solid solution samples. C1 [Fabian, K.; Robinson, P.] Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Shcherbakov, V. P.] Russian Acad Sci, Geophys Observ Borok, Borok 152742, Yaroslvaskaya O, Russia. [Shcherbakov, V. P.] Kazan Volga Reg Fed Univ, Inst Geol & Petr Technol, Kazan, Russia. [McEnroe, S. A.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Burton, B. P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Fabian, K (reprint author), Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM Karl.Fabian@NGU.NO FU Research Council of Norway (Nanomat Program) in the EU Matera Program [189721]; Kazan Federal University; NSF Instruments and Facilities Grant FX This work was supported by grant 189721 from the Research Council of Norway (Nanomat Program) in the EU Matera Program. VSM measurements have been performed using visiting research fellowships to the Institute of Rock Magnetism (IRM), University of Minnesota, USA, which is supported by an NSF Instruments and Facilities Grant. V.S. is supported by funds allocated under the state support of Kazan Federal University to improve its competitiveness among the world's leading research and education centres. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 202 IS 2 BP 1029 EP 1040 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv199 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CQ5DX UT WOS:000360624600025 ER PT J AU Tew, WL Rusby, RL Lin, P Lipinski, L Steur, PPM Ricketson, BWA AF Tew, W. L. Rusby, R. L. Lin, P. Lipinski, L. Steur, P. P. M. Ricketson, B. W. A. TI A Standardized Interpolation of Temperature Using Rhodium-Iron Resistance Thermometers Over the Interval 4.2 K to 24.5 K SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Temperature, Humidity, Moisture and Thermal Measurements in Industry and Science CY OCT 14-18, 2013 CL Funchal, PORTUGAL DE Interpolation; Low temperature; Rhodium-iron resistance thermometers; Thermometry ID SCALE AB The worldwide history and present state of development of rhodium-iron resistance thermometers (RIRTs) is briefly reviewed. A standardized interpolation method using RIRTs with the nominal composition of 0.5 % Fe (by mole) is presented, with examples using data taken from 60 RIRTs made from a variety of wire batches and sources worldwide over the last 40 years. The parameterization exploits the favorable characteristics of the Cragoe reduced resistance Z(tau) and a suitably reduced temperature tau. A reference function Z(ref)(tau) which approximates the average characteristics of selected wire is derived for use over the interval 0.65 K to 24.5561 K on the ITS-90. The deviations of real RIRT data from this reference function are examined, and simple four-parameter Fourier-series solutions for the resulting deviation curves are presented. Despite the fact that the wire samples may be of different origins or state-of-anneal, it was found that the interpolations are successful for most of the samples studied over the 4.2 K to 24.5561 K interval, at the level of 1 standard uncertainty or less. This method would allow for calibrations of most RIRTs over this interval using only six calibration points, permitting an efficiency not achievable using the common least-squares curve-fitting calibration methods. The potential of this formalism for a standardized interpolation scheme using RIRTs is discussed. C1 [Tew, W. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rusby, R. L.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Lin, P.] Chinese Acad Sci, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lipinski, L.] Inst Niskich Temp & Badan Strukturalnych, Wroclaw, Poland. [Steur, P. P. M.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Turin, Italy. [Ricketson, B. W. A.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. RP Tew, WL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wtew@nist.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 36 IS 8 SI SI BP 2036 EP 2059 DI 10.1007/s10765-015-1877-4 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA CQ4EC UT WOS:000360556100026 ER PT J AU Swiney, KM Long, WC AF Swiney, Katherine M. Long, W. Christopher TI PRIMIPAROUS RED KING CRAB PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICUS ARE LESS FECUND THAN MULTIPAROUS CRAB SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus; primiparous; multiparous; fecundity; size-fecundity relationship; Bristol Bay; Alaska ID REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; TILESIUS; ALASKA AB Incorporating fecundity into stock assessment models may improve stock assessment and management of Bristol Bay red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus. To do this, the size-fecundity relationship for the population must be established, including variability due to female reproductive state. In 2012, egg clutches were collected from red king crab in Bristol Bay, AK, and individual fecundity was estimated. Best evidence suggests small females were primiparous (brooding first egg clutch), which provided the opportunity to compare estimated fecundity of primiparous and multiparous (brooding second or subsequent egg clutch) females. In the best-fit model, fecundity increased with female size and below 108.8 mm carapace length (CL) the slope of the size-fecundity relationship decreased by 27%. Multiparous females were 28%-30% more fecund than primiparous females of the same size. If managers incorporate fecundity into stock assessment models, the differences in fecundity between primiparous and multiparous females should be considered, otherwise population fecundity will be overestimated if the size-fecundity relationship of only multiparous females is used in the calculations because of the differences in fecundity between primiparous and multiparous females of the same size. C1 [Swiney, Katherine M.; Long, W. Christopher] NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Swiney, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM Katherine.Swiney@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009; OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245; Swiney, Katherine/0000-0001-5482-2710 FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [534]; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) FX This project was funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB publication no. 534) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). We thank biologists on the NMFS Alaska Fisheries Science Center Eastern Bering Sea bottom trawl surveys and laboratory technicians for their assistance which made this project possible. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.2983/035.034.0233 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500033 ER PT J AU Armstrong, D Long, C Armstrong, J McDonald, S Kvistad, J AF Armstrong, David Long, Chris Armstrong, Janet McDonald, Sean Kvistad, Jake TI THE CONDOR OF COMMERCIAL CRABS: COLLAPSE OF THE BLUE KING SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Armstrong, David; Armstrong, Janet; McDonald, Sean; Kvistad, Jake] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Long, Chris] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 606 EP 606 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500055 ER PT J AU Bejerano, S Makdisi, C Long, WC Swiney, K Foy, R Dickinson, GH AF Bejerano, Shai Makdisi, Christine Long, W. Christopher Swiney, Katherine Foy, Robert Dickinson, Gary H. TI EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON THE MECHANICS AND STRUCTURE OF SOUTHERN TANNER CRAB MINERALIZED TISSUE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bejerano, Shai; Makdisi, Christine; Dickinson, Gary H.] Coll New Jersey, Dept Biol, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. [Long, W. Christopher; Swiney, Katherine; Foy, Robert] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Kodiak L, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 610 EP 610 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500066 ER PT J AU Flittner, B Milke, L Mercaldo-Allen, R AF Flittner, Brittany Milke, Lisa Mercaldo-Allen, Renee TI DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH THROUGHPUT MICRO-PLATE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LARVAL BIVALVE RESPIRATION RATES IN OCEAN ACIDIFICATION STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Flittner, Brittany; Milke, Lisa; Mercaldo-Allen, Renee] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 629 EP 629 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500122 ER PT J AU Getchis, T Balcom, N Concepcion, A De Guise, S Rose, J AF Getchis, Tessa Balcom, Nancy Concepcion, Anoushka De Guise, Sylvain Rose, Julie TI THE CONNECTICUT SHELLFISH INITIATIVE: BUILDING ON THE PAST TO CREATE A VISION FOR THE FUTURE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Getchis, Tessa; Balcom, Nancy; Concepcion, Anoushka; De Guise, Sylvain] Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Sea Grant, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Rose, Julie] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 632 EP 633 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500132 ER PT J AU Hoberecht, L AF Hoberecht, Laura TI ACTIONS TO INCREASE, RESTORE, AND PROTECT SHELLFISH RESOURCES THROUGH THE WASHINGTON SHELLFISH INITIATIVE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hoberecht, Laura] NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 641 EP 642 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500157 ER PT J AU Long, WC Swiney, K Foy, R AF Long, W. Christopher Swiney, Katherine Foy, Robert TI EFFECTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON SOUTHERN TANNER CRAB LARVAE: CARRYOVER EFFECTS FROM OOGENESIS AND EMBRYOGENESIS ARE STRONGER THAN DIRECT EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Long, W. Christopher; Swiney, Katherine; Foy, Robert] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Kodiak Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 655 EP 655 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500198 ER PT J AU Lowder, M Khan, B Jacob, A Kimbrough, K Johnson, E Ringwood, A AF Lowder, Matthew Khan, Bushra Jacob, Annie Kimbrough, Kimani Johnson, Ed Ringwood, Amy TI ZEBRA MUSSELS AS BIOINDICATORS OF HABITAT QUALITY IN THE GREAT LAKES, USA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lowder, Matthew; Khan, Bushra; Ringwood, Amy] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Kimbrough, Kimani; Johnson, Ed] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 24 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 655 EP 656 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500199 ER PT J AU McCorkle, DC Cohen, AL Milke, LM Ramon, B AF McCorkle, Daniel C. Cohen, Anne L. Milke, Lisa M. Ramon, Barbara TI THE EFFECTS OF FOOD SUPPLY AND ELEVATED PCO2 ON THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATLANTIC SURFCLAM (SPISULA SOLIDISSIMA) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McCorkle, Daniel C.; Cohen, Anne L.; Ramon, Barbara] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Milke, Lisa M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Ramon, Barbara] Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 660 EP 660 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500214 ER PT J AU McDonald, PS Ferriss, B Reum, J Harvey, C VanBlaricom, G AF McDonald, P. Sean Ferriss, Bridget Reum, Jonathan Harvey, Christopher VanBlaricom, Glenn TI A MODELING APPROACH TO UNDERSTAND THE EFFECTS OF GEODUCK AQUACULTURE ON THE PUGET SOUND FOOD WEB SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McDonald, P. Sean] Univ Washington, Program Environm, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ferriss, Bridget; Reum, Jonathan] Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Harvey, Christopher] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [VanBlaricom, Glenn] Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ecosyst Branch,Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 660 EP 661 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500215 ER PT J AU McDonald, PS Holsman, K VanBlaricom, G AF McDonald, P. Sean Holsman, Kirstin VanBlaricom, Glenn TI CLAMS IN SPACE AND TIME: COMPARING ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF AQUACULTURE DISTURBANCE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McDonald, P. Sean] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Program Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holsman, Kirstin] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [VanBlaricom, Glenn] Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ecosyst Branch,Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 661 EP 661 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500216 ER PT J AU McGraw, KA Cosentino-Manning, N AF McGraw, K. A. Cosentino-Manning, N. TI COORDINATION, COLLABORATION, AND COOPERATION: PROGRESS IN RESEARCH AND RESTORATION OF THE OLYMPIA OYSTER, OSTREA LURIDA (CARPENTER, 1864) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McGraw, K. A.] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Cosentino-Manning, N.] NOAA, Fisheries Restorat Ctr Damage Assessment, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 662 EP 663 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500220 ER PT J AU Neuman, M Witting, D Wang, SS Stierhoff, K Hyde, J AF Neuman, Melissa Witting, David Wang, Susan Stierhoff, Kevin Hyde, John TI A COLLABORATIVE AND ADAPTIVE STRATEGY FOR REBUILDING WHITE ABALONE POPULATIONS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Neuman, Melissa; Witting, David; Wang, Susan; Stierhoff, Kevin] NOAA NMFS, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Hyde, John] NOAA NMFS Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RI Stierhoff, Kevin/A-7624-2013 OI Stierhoff, Kevin/0000-0002-3058-0312 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 14 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 668 EP 668 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500235 ER PT J AU Reum, J Ferriss, B McDonald, PS Harvey, C AF Reum, Jonathan Ferriss, Bridget McDonald, P. Sean Harvey, Chris TI USING QUALITATIVE MODELS TO EVALUATE ENVIRONMENT-AQUACULTURE LINKAGES IN THE SOUTH PUGET SOUND AND WILLAPA BAY FOOD WEBS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reum, Jonathan; Ferriss, Bridget; McDonald, P. Sean] Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Harvey, Chris] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 672 EP 673 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500249 ER PT J AU Witting, D Ford, T Wang, S Neuman, M Reynolds, A AF Witting, David Ford, Tom Wang, Susan Neuman, Melissa Reynolds, Ariadne TI SPAWNING AND OUTPLANTING TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT FOR GREEN ABALONE (HALIOTIS FULGENS) RESTORATION IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Witting, David; Wang, Susan] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Ford, Tom; Neuman, Melissa; Reynolds, Ariadne] Bay Fdn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 673 EP 673 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500250 ER PT J AU Rosa, M Ward, JE Holohan, BA Shumway, SE Wikfors, GH Espinosa, EP Allam, B AF Rosa, Maria Ward, J. Evan Holohan, Bridget A. Shumway, Sandra E. Wikfors, Gary H. Espinosa, Emmanuelle Pales Allam, Bassem TI QUANTIFYING SURFACE-PROPERTY PROFILES OF MICROALGAE TO DEVELOP PARTICLE-SELECTION MODELS FOR BIVALVES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rosa, Maria; Ward, J. Evan; Holohan, Bridget A.; Shumway, Sandra E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Espinosa, Emmanuelle Pales; Allam, Bassem] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 675 EP 676 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500257 ER PT J AU Rubino, MC Bunsick, SM Morlock, S Jones, RC McGraw, K AF Rubino, Michael C. Bunsick, Susan M. Morlock, Summer Jones, Robert C. McGraw, Kay TI THE NOAA NATIONAL SHELLFISH INITIATIVE: BUILDING PARTNERSHIPS TO MAXIMIZE THE ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF SHELLFISH SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rubino, Michael C.; Bunsick, Susan M.; Jones, Robert C.] NOAA, Fisheries Off Aquaculture, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Morlock, Summer; McGraw, Kay] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 676 EP 676 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500258 ER PT J AU Sugano, CS McCorkle, DC Cohen, AL Milke, LM AF Sugano, Cailan S. McCorkle, Daniel C. Cohen, Anne L. Milke, Lisa M. TI THE EFFECTS OF FOOD SUPPLY AND ELEVATED PCO2 ON THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE BAY SCALLOP (ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sugano, Cailan S.; McCorkle, Daniel C.; Cohen, Anne L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Sugano, Cailan S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [Milke, Lisa M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 684 EP 684 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500281 ER PT J AU Swiney, KM Long, WC Foy, RJ AF Swiney, Katherine M. Long, W. Christopher Foy, Robert J. TI OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ALTERS EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT AND REDUCES THE NUMBER OF VIABLE LARVAE HATCHED AND CALCIFICATION IN SOUTHERN TANNER CRAB, CHIONOECETES BAIRDI SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Swiney, Katherine M.; Long, W. Christopher; Foy, Robert J.] NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 684 EP 684 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500282 ER PT J AU Townsend, H Bruce, D Klavon, P Lazar, J Samonte, G Turner, A AF Townsend, Howard Bruce, David Klavon, Philip Lazar, Jay Samonte, Giselle Turner, Andrew TI ASSESSING THE BENEFITS OF OYSTER REEF RESTORATION IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Townsend, Howard; Bruce, David] NOAA, NMFS, Habitat Conservat Chesapeake Bay Off, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD USA. [Klavon, Philip; Lazar, Jay; Turner, Andrew] NOAA, NMFS, Habitat Conservat Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD USA. [Samonte, Giselle] NOAA, NMFS, Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 16 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 685 EP 686 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500286 ER PT J AU VanBlaricom, GR Neuman, MJ Witting, DA AF VanBlaricom, Glenn R. Neuman, Melissa J. Witting, David A. TI INDICATIONS OF RECOVERY TRENDS IN THREE SPECIES OF ABALONE IN CALIFORNIA, WITH APPARENT LINKAGES TO OCEAN-SCALE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Neuman, Melissa J.] NOAA, NMFS West Coast Reg, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Witting, David A.] NOAA, NMFS Restorat Ctr, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 686 EP 687 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500289 ER PT J AU Wang, S Neuman, M Busch, S Fried-Man, C Gruenthal, K Gustafson, R Kushner, D Stierhoff, K VanBlaricom, G Wright, S AF Wang, Susan Neuman, Melissa Busch, Shallin Fried-Man, Carolyn Gruenthal, Kristen Gustafson, Rick Kushner, David Stierhoff, Kevin VanBlaricom, Glenn Wright, Sadie TI DECISION-MAKING IN THE FACE OF UNCERTAINTY: AN EVALUATION OF PINTO ABALONE UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Susan; Neuman, Melissa] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv NMFS West Coast Reg, Long Beach, CA USA. [Busch, Shallin] Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Fried-Man, Carolyn; VanBlaricom, Glenn] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gruenthal, Kristen; Gustafson, Rick] NMFS Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Montlake, WA USA. [Kushner, David] Natl Pk Serv, Ventura, CA USA. [Stierhoff, Kevin] NMFS Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [VanBlaricom, Glenn] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. [Wright, Sadie] NMFS Alaska Reg, Juneau, AK USA. RI Stierhoff, Kevin/A-7624-2013 OI Stierhoff, Kevin/0000-0002-3058-0312 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 688 EP 689 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500295 ER PT J AU Westby, SR Bruce, D Gross, K Lazar, J Muzia, K Paynter, K Sowers, A Slacum, W Townsend, H Weissberger, E AF Westby, Stephanie Reynolds Bruce, David Gross, Kimberly Lazar, Jay Muzia, Kara Paynter, Ken Sowers, Angela Slacum, Ward Townsend, Howard Weissberger, Eric TI LARGE-SCALE OYSTER RESTORATION IN CHESAPEAKE BAY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Westby, Stephanie Reynolds; Bruce, David; Lazar, Jay; Townsend, Howard] NOAA, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Gross, Kimberly; Sowers, Angela] US Army Corps Engineers, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Muzia, Kara; Slacum, Ward] Oyster Recovery Partnership, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Paynter, Ken] Univ Maryland, Marine Environm & Estuarine Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Weissberger, Eric] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Serv, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 691 EP 691 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500300 ER PT J AU Yarram, A Coffey, WD Matoke, B Long, WC Swiney, K Foy, R Dickinson, GH AF Yarram, Aparna Coffey, William D. Matoke, Brian Long, W. Christopher Swiney, Katherine Foy, Robert Dickinson, Gary H. TI OCEAN ACIDIFICATION LEADS TO ALTERED MICROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MINERALIZED CUTICLE OF JUVENILE RED AND BLUE KING CRABS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yarram, Aparna; Coffey, William D.; Matoke, Brian; Dickinson, Gary H.] Coll New Jersey, Dept Biol, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. [Long, W. Christopher; Swiney, Katherine; Foy, Robert] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Kodiak L, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 693 EP 693 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500306 ER PT J AU Croxton, A Wikfors, G AF Croxton, April Wikfors, Gary TI INTRACELLULAR PH IN BIVALVE HEMOCYTES AND RESPONSES TO IN VITRO ACID CHALLENGE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Croxton, April; Wikfors, Gary] NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 705 EP 705 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500324 ER PT J AU Dixon, MS Bernatchez, G Galimany, E Li, JY Meseck, SL Rose, JM Wikfors, GH AF Dixon, Mark S. Bernatchez, Genevieve Galimany, Eve Li, Judy Yaqin Meseck, Shannon L. Rose, Julie M. Wikfors, Gary H. TI DIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF THE NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT POTENTIAL OF RIBBED MUSSELS, GEUKENSIA DEMISSA, AT TWO SITES IN UPPER NARRAGANSETT BAY, RHODE ISLAND SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dixon, Mark S.; Li, Judy Yaqin; Meseck, Shannon L.; Rose, Julie M.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Bernatchez, Genevieve] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Galimany, Eve] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [Galimany, Eve] IEO Ctr Oceanog Balears, Palma De Mallorca 07015, Spain. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 707 EP 707 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500330 ER PT J AU Getchis, T Balcom, N Concepcion, A De Guise, S Rose, J AF Getchis, Tessa Balcom, Nancy Concepcion, Anoushka De Guise, Sylvain Rose, Julie TI THE CONNECTICUT SHELLFISH INITIATIVE: BUILDING ON THE PAST AND CREATING A VISION FOR THE FUTURE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Getchis, Tessa; Balcom, Nancy; Concepcion, Anoushka; De Guise, Sylvain] Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Sea Grant, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Rose, Julie] NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 708 EP 708 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500333 ER PT J AU Goldberg, R Rose, JM Mercaldo-Allen, R Meseck, SL AF Goldberg, Ronald Rose, Julie M. Mercaldo-Allen, Renee Meseck, Shannon L. TI SUMMARIZING MILFORD LABORATORY'S RESEARCH ON THE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HYDRAULIC DREDGING, AS USED IN CLAM CULTIVATION IN LONG ISLAND SOUND SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Goldberg, Ronald; Rose, Julie M.; Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Meseck, Shannon L.] NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 709 EP 709 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500336 ER PT J AU Kapareiko, D Schreier, HJ Schott, EJ Jeffress, D Wikfors, GH AF Kapareiko, Diane Schreier, Harold J. Schott, Eric J. Jeffress, Dorothy Wikfors, Gary H. TI HUMAN HEALTH SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS FOR USING VIBRIO SP PROBIOTIC STRAIN OY15 AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT TO IMPROVE SURVIVAL OF LARVAE OF THE EASTERN OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA): GENOME SEQUENCING AND MAMMALIAN CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kapareiko, Diane; Jeffress, Dorothy; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Schreier, Harold J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Dept Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Schott, Eric J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 712 EP 712 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500343 ER PT J AU Li, JY Dixon, M Meseck, S Smith, B Rose, J Wikfors, G AF Li, Judy Yaqin Dixon, Mark Meseck, Shannon Smith, Barry Rose, Julie Wikfors, Gary TI IN VIVO FLUORESCENCE BASED CHLOROPHYLL A MEASUREMENTS - HOW CLOSE ARE WE TO THE TRUTH? SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Li, Judy Yaqin; Dixon, Mark; Meseck, Shannon; Smith, Barry; Rose, Julie; Wikfors, Gary] NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 713 EP 713 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500346 ER PT J AU Mansour, I Stiles, S Choromanski, J AF Mansour, Isaiah Stiles, Sheila Choromanski, Joseph TI A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF INCREASED SEAWATER ACIDITY ON JUVENILE BAY SCALLOPS (ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS IRRADIANS) FROM TWO GENETIC LINES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mansour, Isaiah] Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Stiles, Sheila; Choromanski, Joseph] NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 714 EP 714 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500349 ER PT J AU Munroe, D Poach, M Abrahamsen, I Borsetti, S AF Munroe, Daphne Poach, Matthew Abrahamsen, Ian Borsetti, Sarah TI UPWELLING OF ACIDIFIED WATER: NOT JUST AN ISSUE FOR SHELLFISH HATCHERIES ON THE WEST COAST OF THE US SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Munroe, Daphne; Borsetti, Sarah] Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. [Poach, Matthew] NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Abrahamsen, Ian] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 716 EP 716 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500355 ER PT J AU Redman, DH Perry, DM Sennefelder, G McGraw, C AF Redman, Dylan H. Perry, Dean M. Sennefelder, George McGraw, Christina TI EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM DESIGN FOR STUDYING THE EFFECTS OF ELEVATED LEVELS OF CO2 ON VARIOUS MARINE SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Redman, Dylan H.; Perry, Dean M.; Sennefelder, George] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [McGraw, Christina] Clark Univ, George PerkinsMarsh Inst, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 719 EP 719 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500364 ER PT J AU Rose, JM Bricker, SB Getchis, T Chadwick, C Rose, CM AF Rose, Julie M. Bricker, Suzanne B. Getchis, Tessa Chadwick, Cary Rose, Cori M. TI MERGING, MODELING AND MAPPING TO IMPROVE SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE SITE SELECTION SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rose, Julie M.] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT USA. [Bricker, Suzanne B.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Getchis, Tessa] Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Sea Grant, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Chadwick, Cary] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Land Use Educ & Res, Haddam, CT 06438 USA. [Rose, Cori M.] US Army Corps Engineers, Regulatory Div, Concord, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 720 EP 720 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500367 ER PT J AU Stiles, S Choromanski, J Jeffress, D AF Stiles, Sheila Choromanski, Joseph Jeffress, Dorothy TI GENETIC AND VIABILITY EFFECTS OF pH ON EARLY STAGES OF BAY SCALLOPS FOR RESTORATION SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stiles, Sheila; Choromanski, Joseph; Jeffress, Dorothy] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 721 EP 722 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500372 ER PT J AU Veilleux, DJ Milke, LM AF Veilleux, David J. Milke, Lisa M. TI COMPARISON OF GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF THE LARVAL EASTERN OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) FED BY DIFFERENT METHODS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Veilleux, David J.; Milke, Lisa M.] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 723 EP 723 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500377 ER PT J AU White, MM Candelmo, AC Chambers, RC Gobler, CJ King, AL Price, NN Wahle, RA Waller, JD AF White, Meredith M. Candelmo, Allison C. Chambers, R. Christopher Gobler, Christopher J. King, Andrew L. Price, Nichole N. Wahle, Richard A. Waller, Jesica D. TI BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF MULTIPLE NORTHEAST TAXA TO OCEAN ACIDIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [White, Meredith M.; Price, Nichole N.; Waller, Jesica D.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. [Candelmo, Allison C.; Chambers, R. Christopher] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Gobler, Christopher J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine Atmospher Sci, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. [King, Andrew L.] Norwegian Inst Water Res, N-5010 Bergen, Norway. [Wahle, Richard A.; Waller, Jesica D.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 725 EP 725 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500383 ER PT J AU Wikfors, G AF Wikfors, Gary TI NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF HEMOCYTE TYPES IN OYSTERS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wikfors, Gary] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 726 EP 726 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500384 ER PT J AU Nurse, AK Colbert-Kelly, S Coriell, SR McFadden, GB AF Nurse, A. K. Colbert-Kelly, S. Coriell, S. R. McFadden, G. B. TI Equilibrium and stability of axisymmetric drops on a conical substrate under gravity SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID; DYNAMICS; BREAKUP; TORUS; SHAPE AB Motivated by recent investigations of toroidal tissue clusters that are observed to climb conical obstacles after self-assembly [Nurse et al., "A model of force generation in a three-dimensional toroidal cluster of cells,"J. Appl. Mech. 79, 051013 (2012)], we study a related problem of the determination of the equilibrium and stability of axisymmetric drops on a conical substrate in the presence of gravity. A variational principle is used to characterize equilibrium shapes that minimize surface energy and gravitational potential energy subject to a volume constraint, and the resulting Euler equation is solved numerically using an angle/arclength formulation. The resulting equilibria satisfy a Laplace-Young boundary condition that specifies the contact angle at the three-phase trijunction. The vertical position of the equilibrium drops on the cone is found to vary significantly with the dimensionless Bond number that represents the ratio of gravitational and capillary forces; a global force balance is used to examine the conditions that affect the drop positions. In particular, depending on the contact angle and the cone half-angle, we find that the vertical position of the drop can either increase ("the drop climbs the cone") or decrease due to a nominal increase in the gravitational force. Most of the equilibria correspond to upward-facing cones and are analogous to sessile drops resting on a planar surface; however, we also find equilibria that correspond to downward facing cones that are instead analogous to pendant drops suspended vertically from a planar surface. The linear stability of the drops is determined by solving the eigenvalue problem associated with the second variation of the energy functional. The drops with positive Bond number are generally found to be unstable to non-axisymmetric perturbations that promote a tilting of the drop. Additional points of marginal stability are found that correspond to limit points of the axisymmetric base state. Drops that are far from the tip are subject to azimuthal instabilities with higher mode numbers that are analogous to the Rayleigh instability of a cylindrical interface. We have also found a range of completely stable solutions that correspond to small contact angles and cone half-angles. C1 [Nurse, A. K.; Colbert-Kelly, S.; Coriell, S. R.; McFadden, G. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McFadden, GB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcfadden@nist.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008; OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103; Coriell, Sam/0000-0002-3005-1381 FU NIST American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Postdoctoral Fellowship; NIST National Research Council FX A.K.N. was supported by a NIST American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Postdoctoral Fellowship. S.C.-K. was supported by a NIST National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. The authors are grateful for helpful discussions with R. V. Kohn and S. H. Davis. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD AUG PY 2015 VL 27 IS 8 AR 084101 DI 10.1063/1.4927697 PG 22 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA CQ5LU UT WOS:000360646600020 ER PT J AU Sinclair, LC Deschenes, JD Sonderhouse, L Swann, WC Khader, IH Baumann, E Newbury, NR Coddington, I AF Sinclair, L. C. Deschenes, J. -D. Sonderhouse, L. Swann, W. C. Khader, I. H. Baumann, E. Newbury, N. R. Coddington, I. TI Invited Article: A compact optically coherent fiber frequency comb SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS; INTRACAVITY ELECTROOPTIC MODULATOR; MODE-LOCKED LASERS; LOW TIMING JITTER; PHASE NOISE; REPETITION-RATE; SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; MICROWAVE GENERATION; RELATIVE LINEWIDTHS; FEMTOSECOND LASER AB We describe the design, fabrication, and performance of a self-referenced, optically coherent frequency comb. The system robustness is derived from a combination of an optics package based on polarization-maintaining fiber, saturable absorbers for mode-locking, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) detection of the control signals, and digital feedback control for frequency stabilization. The output is phase-coherent over a 1-2 mu m octave-spanning spectrum with a pulse repetition rate of similar to 200 MHz and a residual pulse-to-pulse timing jitter < 3 fs well within the requirements of most frequency-comb applications. Digital control enables phase coherent operation for over 90 h, critical for phase-sensitive applications such as timekeeping. We show that this phase-slip free operation follows the fundamental limit set by the SNR of the control signals. Performance metrics from three nearly identical combs are presented. This laptop-sized comb should enable a wide-range of applications beyond the laboratory. C1 [Sinclair, L. C.; Deschenes, J. -D.; Sonderhouse, L.; Swann, W. C.; Khader, I. H.; Baumann, E.; Newbury, N. R.; Coddington, I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Deschenes, J. -D.] Univ Laval, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. RP Sinclair, LC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015; OI Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090; Khader, Isaac/0000-0002-8849-4388 FU DARPA PULSE program; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX We acknowledge assistance in comb fabrication and design from Ron Hui, assistance in digital-control design from David Leibrandt, and helpful discussions with Tara Fortier, Gabe Ycas, and Marla Dowell. This work was funded by the DARPA PULSE program and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 85 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 12 U2 50 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 86 IS 8 AR 081301 DI 10.1063/1.4928163 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CQ5MN UT WOS:000360648800001 PM 26329167 ER PT J AU Wang, G Persson, N Chu, PH Kleinhenz, N Fu, BY Chang, M Deb, N Mao, YM Wang, HZ Grover, MA Reichmanis, E AF Wang, Gang Persson, Nils Chu, Ping-Hsun Kleinhenz, Nabil Fu, Boyi Chang, Mincheol Deb, Nabankur Mao, Yimin Wang, Hongzhi Grover, Martha A. Reichmanis, Elsa TI Microfluidic Crystal Engineering of pi-Conjugated Polymers SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE microfluidic; crystal engineering; conjugated polymer; charge transport mobility; tie-chains ID FIELD-EFFECT MOBILITY; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CONTROLLABLE CONSTRUCTION; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; MORPHOLOGY AB Very few studies have reported oriented crystallization of conjugated polymers directly in solution. Here, solution crystallization of conjugated polymers in a microfluidic system is found to produce tightly a-stacked fibers with commensurate improved charge transport characteristics. For poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films, processing under flow caused exciton bandwidth to decrease from 140 to 25 meV, pi-pi stacking distance to decrease from 3.93 to 3.72 angstrom and hole mobility to increase from an average of 0.013 to 0.16 cm(2) V-1 s(-1), vs films spin-coated from pristine, untreated solutions. Variation of the flow rate affected thin-film structure and properties, with an intermediate flow rate of 0.25 m s(-1) yielding the optimal gr a stacking distance and mobility. The flow process included sequential cooling followed by low-dose ultraviolet irradiation that promoted growth of conjugated polymer fibers. Image analysis coupled with mechanistic interpretation supports the supposition that "tie chains" provide for charge transport pathways between nanoaggregated structures. The "microfluidic flow enhanced semiconducting polymer crystal engineering" was also successfully applied to a representative electron transport polymer and a nonhalogenated solvent. The process can be applied as a general strategy and is expected to facilitate the fabrication of high-performance electrically active polymer devices. C1 [Wang, Gang; Persson, Nils; Chu, Ping-Hsun; Fu, Boyi; Chang, Mincheol; Grover, Martha A.; Reichmanis, Elsa] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kleinhenz, Nabil; Reichmanis, Elsa] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Deb, Nabankur; Reichmanis, Elsa] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wang, Gang; Wang, Hongzhi] Donghua Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Modificat Chem Fibers & Polymer Mat, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. [Mao, Yimin] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, HZ (reprint author), Donghua Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Modificat Chem Fibers & Polymer Mat, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. EM wanghz@dhu.edu.cn; martha.grover@chbe.gatech.edu; ereichmanis@chbe.gatech.edu RI Fu, Boyi/O-2079-2015 OI Fu, Boyi/0000-0001-9012-9059 FU Georgia Institute of Technology; National Science Foundation [CBET 1264555]; China Scholarship Council; Donghua University [CUSF-DH-D-2013002]; NSF FLAMEL IGERT [1258425, IGERT-CIF21, DGE-106913]; NSF of China [51172042]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0248] FX The financial support of the Georgia Institute of Technology and the National Science Foundation (CBET 1264555) is gratefully acknowledged. G.W. thanks the China Scholarship Council and Donghua University (CUSF-DH-D-2013002) for Fellowship support. N.P. thanks the NSF FLAMEL IGERT (1258425, IGERT-CIF21) program for Traineeship support. N.K. thanks the NSF NESAC IGERT Traineeship program (DGE-106913), G.W. and H.W. are grateful for support from NSF of China (51172042), and P.-H.C. and M.C. are grateful for support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-12-1-0248). Many thanks to Tissa Sajoto in the Marder group at the Georgia Institute of Technology for procurement of poly(NDI20D-T2) electron transport polymer. The authors would also like to thank Siyuan Zhang, Huayu Li, and Zhibo Yuan at the Georgia Institute of Technology for their helpful discussions. NR 58 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 14 U2 84 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 8220 EP 8230 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b02582 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ0YA UT WOS:000360323300050 PM 26182171 ER PT J AU Delorenzo, ME AF Delorenzo, Marie E. TI Impacts of climate change on the ecotoxicology of chemical contaminants in estuarine organisms SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate; Toxicity; Metals; Pesticides; Oil; Estuarine ID FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; STRESS-RESPONSE; GRASS SHRIMP; TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; INSECTICIDE TOXICITY; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; OXYGEN LIMITATION AB Global climate change effects will vary geographically, and effects on estuaries should be independently considered. This review of the impacts of climate change on the ecotoxicology of chemical contaminants aims to summarize responses that are specific to estuarine species. Estuarine organisms are uniquely adapted to large fluctuations in temperature, salinity, oxygen, and pH, and yet future changes in climate may make them more susceptible to chemical contaminants. Recent research has highlighted the interactive effects of chemical and nonchemical stressors on chemical uptake, metabolism, and organism survival. Assessments have revealed that the nature of the interaction between climate variables and chemical pollution will depend on estuarine species and life stage, duration and timing of exposure, prior stressor exposure, and contaminant class. A need for further research to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity under different abiotic conditions and to incorporate climate change factors into toxicity testing was identified. These efforts will improve environmental risk assessment of chemical contaminants and management capabilities under changing climate conditions C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Delorenzo, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 51 PU CURRENT ZOOLOGY PI BEIJING PA CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, INST ZOOLOGY, BEICHEN XILU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-5507 J9 CURR ZOOL JI Curr. Zool. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 61 IS 4 BP 641 EP 652 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CQ2US UT WOS:000360458000009 ER PT J AU Jiang, NS Endoh, MK Koga, T Masui, T Kishimoto, H Nagao, M Satija, SK Taniguchi, T AF Jiang, Naisheng Endoh, Maya K. Koga, Tadanori Masui, Tomomi Kishimoto, Hiroyuki Nagao, Michihiro Satija, Sushil K. Taniguchi, Takashi TI Nanostructures and Dynamics of Macromolecules Bound to Attractive Filler Surfaces SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; CARBON-BLACK; SPHERICAL NANOPARTICLES; POLYMER MATRICES; RUBBER; DENSITY; SILICA; LAYER; NANOCOMPOSITES; REINFORCEMENT AB We report in situ nanostructures and dynamics of polybutadiene (PB) chains bound to carbon black (CB) fillers (the so-called "bound polymer layer (BPL)") in a good solvent. The BPL on the CB fillers was extracted by solvent leaching of a CB-filled PB compound and subsequently dispersed in deuterated toluene to label the BPL for small-angle neutron scattering and neutron spin echo techniques. The results demonstrate that the BPL is composed of two regions regardless of molecular weights of PB: the inner unswollen region of approximate to 0.5 nm thick and outer swollen region where the polymer chains display a parabolic profile with a diffuse tail. In addition, the results show that the dynamics of the swollen bound chains can be explained by the so-called "breathing mode" and is generalized with the thickness of the swollen BPL. C1 [Jiang, Naisheng; Endoh, Maya K.; Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Endoh, Maya K.; Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Masui, Tomomi; Kishimoto, Hiroyuki] Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd, Chuo Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6710027, Japan. [Nagao, Michihiro; Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Taniguchi, Takashi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. RP Koga, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM tadanori.koga@stonybrook.edu RI Taniguchi, Takashi/C-3137-2009; Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010 FU NSF [CMMI-1332499, DMR-0944772]; Sumitomo Rubber; NIST, U.S. Department Commerce [70NANB10H255]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank David Mildner for the USANS experiments and Young-Soo Han and Tae-Hwan Kim for the partial SANS experiments described in Supporting Information. T.K. acknowledges partial financial supports from NSF Grant No. CMMI-1332499 and Sumitomo Rubber. M.N. acknowledges funding support of cooperative agreement 70NANB10H255 from NIST, U.S. Department Commerce. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the NIST. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 4 IS 8 BP 838 EP 842 DI 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00368 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CP4ZN UT WOS:000359891200007 ER PT J AU Burger, JL Widegren, JA Lovestead, TM Bruno, TJ AF Burger, Jessica L. Widegren, Jason A. Lovestead, Tara M. Bruno, Thomas J. TI H-1 and C-13 NMR Analysis of Gas Turbine Fuels As Applied to the Advanced Distillation Curve Method SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; IMPROVEMENTS; SPECTROSCOPY; COMBUSTION; SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILITY; PETROLEUM; DIESELINE; MIXTURES; PRODUCTS AB The analysis of gas turbine fuels by H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as applied to the composition-explicit advanced distillation curve method is reported. To demonstrate the general applicability for such fuels, eight independent fuel samples were characterized: one sample of JP-S, one sample of JP-8, and six samples of Jet-A. Distillate fractions were obtained for each fuel by use of the advanced distillation curve (ADC) method. These fractions were analyzed by H-1 and C-13 NMR, along with the undistilled residue (i.e., the undistilled liquid remaining in the kettle after 90 vol % had been distilled) and the neat fuel. NMR spectroscopy is useful for the analysis of complex hydrocarbon mixtures because it provides the mole fractions of various classes of hydrocarbons, such as aromatics and linear alkanes, without the need to calibrate. NMR spectroscopy also gives ready access to other average properties for the components of each fuel sample, such as the extent and type of alkane branching. For example, the abundance of branch points at the beta position of aliphatic chains changes little for the various distillate fractions; however, branching on the interior of the aliphatic chains approximately doubles over the course of the distillation. For the heavier fractions of the fuel, interior branching becomes as important as branching at the beta and gamma positions. Such information is useful for the development of realistic fuel surrogates required for reliable thermophysical models. Finally, we compare the results obtained by NMR spectroscopy to previously reported GC MS and GC-FID analyses of the same fuel samples. C1 [Burger, Jessica L.; Widegren, Jason A.; Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU PREP FX J.L.B. acknowledges PREP support for research performed at NIST Boulder for this work. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 8 BP 4874 EP 4885 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01035 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CP6VQ UT WOS:000360026700023 ER PT J AU Reed, RA Weller, RA Mendenhall, MH Fleetwood, DM Warren, KM Sierawski, BD King, MP Schrimpf, RD Auden, EC AF Reed, Robert A. Weller, Robert A. Mendenhall, Marcus H. Fleetwood, Daniel M. Warren, Kevin M. Sierawski, Brian D. King, Michael P. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Auden, Elizabeth C. TI Physical Processes and Applications of the Monte Carlo Radiative Energy Deposition (MRED) Code SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Displacement damage; Monte Carlo; MRED; radiation effects; radiation transport; single event effects; single event upset; total ionizing dose ID SINGLE-EVENT-UPSETS; MULTIPLE-BIT UPSET; PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; SEU HARDENED SRAM; NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; HARDNESS ASSURANCE; CMOS TECHNOLOGY; DEVICE RESPONSE AB MRED is a Python-language scriptable computer application that simulates radiation transport. It is the computational engine for the on-line tool CREME-MC. MRED is based on c++ code from Geant4 with additional Fortran components to simulate electron transport and nuclear reactions with high precision. We provide a detailed description of the structure of MRED and the implementation of the simulation of physical processes used to simulate radiation effects in electronic devices and circuits. Extensive discussion and references are provided that illustrate the validation of models used to implement specific simulations of relevant physical processes. Several applications of MRED are summarized that demonstrate its ability to predict and describe basic physical phenomena associated with irradiation of electronic circuits and devices. These include effects from single particle radiation (including both direct ionization and indirect ionization effects), dose enhancement effects, and displacement damage effects. MRED simulations have also helped to identify new single event upset mechanisms not previously observed by experiment, but since confirmed, including upsets due to muons and energetic electrons. C1 [Reed, Robert A.; Weller, Robert A.; Fleetwood, Daniel M.; Warren, Kevin M.; Sierawski, Brian D.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37215 USA. [Mendenhall, Marcus H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [King, Michael P.; Auden, Elizabeth C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Reed, RA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37215 USA. EM robert.reed@vanderbilt.edu FU NASA; DTRA Basic Research Program; DTRA Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program; Vanderbilt University FX This work was supported by NASA, the DTRA Basic Research Program, the DTRA Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program, and internal funds from Vanderbilt University. NR 99 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1441 EP 1461 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2454446 PN 1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CP6RR UT WOS:000360016200002 ER PT J AU Mullins, P Pugh, R Vaught, J AF Mullins, Piper Pugh, Rebecca Vaught, Jim TI Following up on ISBER 2015: Call for Environmental Biobanking Papers SO BIOPRESERVATION AND BIOBANKING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mullins, Piper] Smithsonian Inst, Pan Smithsonian Gyo Initiat, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Pugh, Rebecca] NIST, Charleston, SC USA. RP Mullins, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Pan Smithsonian Gyo Initiat, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM jvaught@liebertpub.com NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1947-5535 EI 1947-5543 J9 BIOPRESERV BIOBANK JI Biopreserv. Biobank. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 13 IS 4 BP 229 EP 230 DI 10.1089/bio.2015.29013.pm PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Cell Biology; Chemistry; Medical Laboratory Technology GA CP0TX UT WOS:000359589800001 PM 26280500 ER PT J AU Wei, KY Martin, J Salvador, JR Nolas, GS AF Wei, Kaya Martin, Joshua Salvador, James R. Nolas, George S. TI Synthesis and Characterization of Bournonite PbCuSbS3 Nanocrystals SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CHALCOGENIDES; PERFORMANCE; CU2ZNSNSE4; ANALOGS; GROWTH AB PbCuSbS3 nanocrystals were synthesized by a colloidal synthesis route and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron diffraction spectroscopy (EDS). PbCuSbS3 particle sizes of 5, 150, and 200 nit were obtained by adjusting the reaction time., The optical band gap, thermal stability, :heat capacity, and magnetic susceptibility of PbCuSbS3 were also investigated. PbCuSbS3 is diamagnetic with an optical band :gap of 1.31 eV and a Debye temperature of 157 K. This study aims to expand and broaden our knowledge of PbCuSbS3 in light of the recent interest in multinary chalcogenides for energy-related applications. C1 [Wei, Kaya; Nolas, George S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Martin, Joshua] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Salvador, James R.] GM Corp, R&D Ctr, Chem & Mat Syst Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Nolas, GS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM gnolas@usf.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1400957]; II-VI Foundation Block-Gift Program; GM; Department of Energy [DE-EEE0005432] FX This work was supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR-1400957. K.W. acknowledges support from the II-VI Foundation Block-Gift Program. Financial support also comes from GM and the Department of Energy under corporate agreement DE-EEE0005432. We thank Dr. Shengqian Ma of USF for the use of the UV-vis instrument. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 EI 1528-7505 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 3762 EP 3766 DI 10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00418 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA CO6PO UT WOS:000359278800028 ER PT J AU Borah, N Sahai, AK Abhilash, S Chattopadhyay, R Joseph, S Sharmila, S Kumar, A AF Borah, N. Sahai, A. K. Abhilash, S. Chattopadhyay, R. Joseph, S. Sharmila, S. Kumar, A. TI An assessment of real-time extended range forecast of 2013 Indian summer monsoon SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extended range forecast; ensemble prediction; Indian summer monsoon ID ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; BREAK SPELLS; VERSION 2; RAINFALL; MODELS; SKILL; DEFINITION; FRAMEWORK; PROJECT AB Several aspects of real-time forecast of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) in 3-4 pentad lead time (extended range) are discussed in this study to explore the operational capability of the Climate Forecast System model version 2 (CFSv2) developed by National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). 2013 summer monsoon was a near excess monsoon year in terms of seasonal mean and was a result of rich diversity of phenomena including strong intraseasonal variations and intense northward propagations over the Indian region. Eleven-member forecasts were made at every 5-day interval during the June-September monsoon season which included monsoon onset and withdrawal phases. The ensemble members were created by perturbing the initial conditions at each start time. In addition to the CFSv2 forecasts, we also carried out forecasts using the atmospheric-only component (GFSv2) forced with CFSv2-derived sea surface temperature (SST) subjected to a bias correction based on historical observations (GFSbc runs). Both the CFSv2 and GFSbc runs were able to predict the progression of ISM over the Indian region and the subsequent intraseasonal oscillations (active and break phases). The analysis for an extreme event (Uttarakhand flood) and monsoon revival (MR) towards the end of the season was also performed. Comparison between the two runs shows that active and break spells were predicted with good fidelity over the Indian region, though GFSbc outperforms CFSv2 on several occasions. Thus, improvement of the operational monsoon forecast over Indian region using NCEP CFSv2 requires better representation of air-sea interaction and mean states of ocean. C1 [Borah, N.; Sahai, A. K.; Abhilash, S.; Chattopadhyay, R.; Joseph, S.; Sharmila, S.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Kumar, A.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Sahai, AK (reprint author), Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. EM sahai@tropmet.res.in RI Sharmila, S./O-5615-2015; OI Sharmila, S./0000-0001-8102-2356; Chattopadhyay, Rajib/0000-0002-1973-7307; Sahai, Atul Kumar/0000-0002-2917-1802 FU Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, New Delhi; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi FX IITM is fully supported by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, New Delhi. We thank NCEP for reanalysis data sets. We also thank IMD for daily rainfall data. We greatly acknowledge Dr M. Rajeevan for his support and encouragement. The model runs are carried out on Prithvi IBM High Performance Computing System installed at IITM, Pune. S. S. thanks the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, for a research fellowship. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2860 EP 2876 DI 10.1002/joc.4178 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP1JQ UT WOS:000359632500014 ER PT J AU Purevjav, G Balling, RC Cerveny, RS Allan, R Compo, GP Jones, P Peterson, TC Brunet, M Driouech, F Stella, JL Svoma, BM Krahenbuhl, D Vose, RS Yin, XG AF Purevjav, Gomboluudev Balling, Robert C., Jr. Cerveny, Randall S. Allan, Rob Compo, Gilbert P. Jones, Philip Peterson, Thomas C. Brunet, Manola Driouech, Fatima Stella, Jose Luis Svoma, Bohumil M. Krahenbuhl, Daniel Vose, Russell S. Yin, Xungang TI The Tosontsengel Mongolia world record sea-level pressure extreme: spatial analysis of elevation bias in adjustment-to-sea-level pressures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sea-level pressure; computation; Mongolia; extreme AB A World Meteorological Organization (WMO) committee evaluated the record sea-level pressure (SLP) measurement of 1089.4hPa on 30 December 2004 in Tosontsengel, Mongolia (1724.6m). Although instrumentation and data collection procedures were properly followed according to the assessment of the committee, concern was raised regarding the reliability of SLP adjustment from such a high-elevation station. This paper addresses this concern with a number of analyses that look at relationships between SLP extremes and corresponding station elevation and temperature. First, we selected data from stations extracted from the Integrated Surface Database (ISD-Lite) of NOAA's National Climate Data Center. A spatial analysis indicates that elevation shows little to no association (R-2 values essentially zero) to extreme SLP. However, a second analysis between extreme SLP and air temperature indicates that high regionalism exists in spatial correlations (local R-2) between those two variables. This relationship to temperature is likely the result of differences in SLP adjustment formulae used around the world. Based on this analysis, on the need to differentiate the SLP values adjusted using extremely cold temperatures (and generally high elevation), and following past WMO SLP guidelines, the WMO Rapporteurs for Climate and Weather Extremes therefore have created two distinct SLP records: (a) highest adjusted SLP (below 750m), currently 1083.3hPa recorded on 31 December 1968 at Agata, Evenhiyskiy, Russia; and (b) highest adjusted SLP (above 750m), currently 1089.4hPa (by Russian method; 1089.1hPa by WMO formula) on 30 December 2004 in Tosontsengel, Mongolia. Future WMO guidance regarding SLP adjustment may lead to re-evaluation of this and other SLP records. C1 [Purevjav, Gomboluudev] Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Balling, Robert C., Jr.; Cerveny, Randall S.; Krahenbuhl, Daniel] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Allan, Rob] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Compo, Gilbert P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Compo, Gilbert P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Jones, Philip; Brunet, Manola] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Jones, Philip] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Dept Meteorol, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Peterson, Thomas C.; Vose, Russell S.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Brunet, Manola] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Ctr Climate Change C3, Dept Geog, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain. [Driouech, Fatima] Natl Meteorol Res Ctr, Direct Nationale Meteorol, Casablanca, Morocco. [Stella, Jose Luis] Natl Meteorol Serv, Climatol Dept, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Svoma, Bohumil M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Yin, Xungang] ERT Inc, Asheville, NC USA. RP Cerveny, RS (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM cerveny@asu.edu RI Jones, Philip/C-8718-2009; OI Jones, Philip/0000-0001-5032-5493; Manola, Brunet-India/0000-0002-9386-710X FU European Community [242093, 607193]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science (BER); NOAA Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections program FX The authors appreciate the thoughtful and useful comments provided by Blair Trewin of the Bureau of Meteorology and an anonymous reviewer. Manola Brunet and Phil Jones are supported by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 242093 (EURO4M: European Reanalysis and Observations for Monitoring) and Grant Agreement 607193 (UERRA: Uncertainties in Ensembles of Regional Reanalyses). Gilbert P. Compo is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science (BER), and by the NOAA Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections program. Data from the ISD-Lite are available at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/isd/index.php?name=isd-lite. Data from the ISPDv2 data set are available at http://reanalyses.org/observations/international-surface-pressure-databa nk and http://dx.doi.org/10.5065/D6SQ8XDW. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2968 EP 2977 DI 10.1002/joc.4186 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP1JQ UT WOS:000359632500021 ER PT J AU Boustead, BEM Hilberg, SD Shulski, MD Hubbard, KG AF Boustead, Barbara E. Mayes Hilberg, Steven D. Shulski, Martha D. Hubbard, Kenneth G. TI The Accumulated Winter Season Severity Index (AWSSI) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; SNOW; CLIMATOLOGY; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; EVENTS; SNOWSTORMS; EASTERN; SYSTEM; TRENDS AB The character of a winter can be defined by many of its features, including temperature averages and extremes, snowfall totals, snow depth, and the duration between onset and cessation of winter-weather conditions. The accumulated winter season severity index incorporates these elements into one site-specific value that defines the severity of a particular winter, especially when examined in the context of climatological values for that site. Thresholds of temperature, snowfall, and snow depth are assigned points that accumulate through the defined winter season; a parallel index uses temperature and precipitation to provide a snow proxy where snow data are unavailable or unreliable. The results can be analyzed like any other meteorological parameter to examine relationships to teleconnection patterns, determine trends, and create sector-specific applications, as well as to analyze an ongoing winter or any individual winter season to place its severity in context. C1 [Boustead, Barbara E. Mayes] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Weather Forecast Off Omaha Valley, Valley, NE USA. [Boustead, Barbara E. Mayes] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Hilberg, Steven D.] Univ Illinois, Midwestern Reg Climate Ctr, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL USA. [Shulski, Martha D.] Univ Nebraska, High Plains Reg Climate Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Hubbard, Kenneth G.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Appl Climate Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Boustead, BEM (reprint author), 6707 N 288th St, Valley, NE 68064 USA. EM barbara.mayes@noaa.gov FU NWS Central Region; NWS Omaha/Valley FX The authors thank Kayla Novak (San Jose State University/Midwestern Regional Climate Center student intern) for processing data. Rebecca Kern (NOAA/NWS Weather Forecast Office Omaha/Valley, Nebraska) provided map graphics. The first author also acknowledges the NWS Central Region and NWS Omaha/Valley for support through the University Assignment Program. Comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers improved the quality of this manuscript and are appreciated. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Weather Service, the Illinois State Water Survey, or the University of Nebraska. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1693 EP 1712 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0217.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP0TU UT WOS:000359589500001 ER PT J AU Roberts, KJ Colle, BA Georgas, N Munch, SB AF Roberts, Keith J. Colle, Brian A. Georgas, Nickitas Munch, Stephan B. TI A Regression-Based Approach for Cool-Season Storm Surge Predictions along the New York-New Jersey Coast SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; FLOYD 1999; MODEL; CITY; EVOLUTION; ENSEMBLE AB A multilinear regression (MLR) approach is developed to predict 3-hourly storm surge during the cool-season months (1 October-31 March 31) between 1979 and 2012 using two different atmospheric reanalysis datasets and water-level observations at three stations along the New York-New Jersey coast (Atlantic City, New Jersey; the Battery in New York City; and Montauk Point, New York). The predictors of the MLR are specified to represent prolonged surface wind stress and a surface sea level pressure minimum for a boxed region near each station. The regression underpredicts relatively large (>= 95th percentile) storm maximum surge heights by 6.0%-38.0%. A bias-correction technique reduces the average mean absolute error by 10%-15% at the various stations for storm maximum surge predictions. Using the same forecast surface winds and pressures from the North American Mesoscale (NAM) model between October and March 2010-14, raw and bias-corrected surge predictions at the Battery are compared with raw output from a numerical hydrodynamic model's [the Stevens Institute of Technology New York Harbor Observing and Prediction System (SIT-NYHOPS)] predictions. The accuracy of surge predictions between the SIT-NYHOPS output and bias-corrected MLR model at the Battery are similar for predictions that meet or exceed the 95th percentile of storm maximum surge heights. C1 [Roberts, Keith J.; Colle, Brian A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Georgas, Nickitas] Stevens Inst Technol, Davidson Lab, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Munch, Stephan B.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Roberts, KJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM keithrbt0@gmail.com OI Georgas, Nickitas/0000-0003-0917-4907 FU NOAA-CSTAR [NA13NWS4680002]; NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) Program [NA11OAR4310104]; New York Sea Grant [R/CCP-18] FX We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped to improve many aspects of this manuscript. This work (K. Roberts and B. Colle) is supported by NOAA-CSTAR (NA13NWS4680002) and the NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) Program under Grant NA11OAR4310104. Further support was provided by the New York Sea Grant through projects R/CCP-18. Long-term NYHOPS support is provided through the NOAA IOOS program. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1773 EP 1791 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0314.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP0TU UT WOS:000359589500005 ER PT J AU Chen, YD Wang, HL Min, JZ Huang, XY Minnis, P Zhang, RZ Haggerty, J Palikonda, R AF Chen, Yaodeng Wang, Hongli Min, Jinzhong Huang, Xiang-Yu Minnis, Patrick Zhang, Ruizhi Haggerty, Julie Palikonda, Rabindra TI Variational Assimilation of Cloud Liquid/Ice Water Path and Its Impact on NWP SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADAR DATA ASSIMILATION; INFRARED SATELLITE RADIANCES; LEVEL-II DATA; PART I; TORNADIC THUNDERSTORMS; TROPICAL CYCLONES; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; SQUALL LINE; FORT-WORTH; MODEL AB Analysis of the cloud components in numerical weather prediction models using advanced data assimilation techniques has been a prime topic in recent years. In this research, the variational data assimilation (DA) system for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model (WRFDA) is further developed to assimilate satellite cloud products that will produce the cloud liquid water and ice water analysis. Observation operators for the cloud liquid water path and cloud ice water path are developed and incorporated into the WRFDA system. The updated system is tested by assimilating cloud liquid water path and cloud ice water path observations from Global Geostationary Gridded Cloud Products at NASA. To assess the impact of cloud liquid/ice water path data assimilation on short-term regional numerical weather prediction (NWP), 3-hourly cycling data assimilation and forecast experiments with and without the use of the cloud liquid/ice water paths are conducted. It is shown that assimilating cloud liquid/ice water paths increases the accuracy of temperature, humidity, and wind analyses at model levels between 300 and 150 hPa after 5 cycles (15 h). It is also shown that assimilating cloud liquid/ice water paths significantly reduces forecast errors in temperature and wind at model levels between 300 and 150 hPa. The precipitation forecast skills are improved as well. One reason that leads to the improved analysis and forecast is that the 3-hourly rapid update cycle carries over the impact of cloud information from the previous cycles spun up by the WRF Model. C1 [Chen, Yaodeng; Min, Jinzhong; Zhang, Ruizhi] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hongli] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wang, Hongli] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Huang, Xiang-Yu] Meteorol Serv Singapore, Ctr Climate Res Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. [Minnis, Patrick] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Haggerty, Julie] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Palikonda, Rabindra] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hongli.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hongli/C-4579-2012 OI Wang, Hongli/0000-0003-0855-6743 FU 973 Program [2013CB430102]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41205082]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu [BK2012859]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD); NASA Model, Analysis, and Prediction Program FX This work is jointly sponsored by the 973 Program (2013CB430102), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41205082), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu (BK2012859) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). Dr. Minnis and Dr. Palikonda are supported by the NASA Model, Analysis, and Prediction Program. The authors thank Dr. Thomas Auligne, Dr. Yuanfu Xie, and Dr. Zhiquan Liu for discussions on satellite radiance data assimilation. The authors also thank J. C. Osborn at NOAA for providing editorial support for this manuscript. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1809 EP 1825 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0243.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP0TU UT WOS:000359589500007 ER PT J AU Colli, M Rasmussen, R Theriault, JM Lanza, LG Baker, CB Kochendorfer, J AF Colli, Matteo Rasmussen, Roy Theriault, Julie M. Lanza, Luca G. Baker, C. Bruce Kochendorfer, John TI An Improved Trajectory Model to Evaluate the Collection Performance of Snow Gauges SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION GAUGE; HYDROMETEORS; DISTRIBUTIONS; VELOCITIES AB Recent studies have used numerical models to estimate the collection efficiency of solid precipitation gauges when exposed to the wind in both shielded and unshielded configurations. The models used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the airflow pattern generated by the aerodynamic response to the gauge-shield geometry. These are used as initial conditions to perform Lagrangian tracking of solid precipitation particles. Validation of the results against field observations yielded similarities in the overall behavior, but the model output only approximately reproduced the dependence of the experimental collection efficiency on wind speed. This paper presents an improved snowflake trajectory modeling scheme due to the inclusion of a dynamically determined drag coefficient. The drag coefficient was estimated using the local Reynolds number as derived from CFD simulations within a time-independent Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes approach. The proposed dynamic model greatly improves the consistency of results with the field observations recently obtained at the Marshall Field winter precipitation test bed in Boulder, Colorado. C1 [Colli, Matteo] Univ Genoa, Dept Civil Chem & Environm Engn, I-16145 Genoa, Italy. [Colli, Matteo] WMO CIMO Lead Ctr B Castelli Precipitat Intens, Boulder, CO USA. [Rasmussen, Roy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Theriault, Julie M.] Univ Quebec, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Baker, C. Bruce; Kochendorfer, John] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Colli, M (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Dept Civil Chem & Environm Engn, Via Montallegro 1, I-16145 Genoa, Italy. EM matteo.colli@unige.it RI Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012 OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460 FU NOAA; NSF; University of Genoa; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX This research was supported through funding from NOAA, NSF, the University of Genoa, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1826 EP 1836 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0035.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP0TU UT WOS:000359589500008 ER PT J AU Mansfield, E Outcalt, SL AF Mansfield, Elisabeth Outcalt, Stephanie L. TI Bubble-Point Measurements of n-Butane plus n-Octane and n-Butane plus n-Nonane Binary Mixtures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article AB Mixtures of small gaseous hydrocarbons with longer chain hydrocarbons are of interest to the natural gas industry as well as other industries in which separations are critical. In particular, binary mixtures of n-nonane are of interest, because n-nonane was recently incorporated into the GERG-2008 equation of state, but there is little experimental vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) data available to support the equation. The bubble-point pressures of four compositions of each of the binary mixtures n-butane + n-octane and n-butane + n-nonane were measured over the temperature range of 270 to 370 K. The data and the expanded uncertainty (at a 95 % confidence level, k = 2) of each point are reported. Additionally, the data are compared to existing literature data for the n-butane + n-octane and the GERG-2008 equation for both systems. This is the first report of vapor liquid equilibrium measurements on n-butane + n-nonane binary mixtures. C1 [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Outcalt, Stephanie L.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mansfield, E (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM elisabeth.mansfield@nist.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD AUG PY 2015 VL 60 IS 8 BP 2447 EP 2453 DI 10.1021/acs.jced.5b00308 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA CP2BU UT WOS:000359683300032 ER PT J AU Mondejar, ME McLinden, MO Leinmon, EW AF Mondejar, Maria E. McLinden, Mark O. Leinmon, Eric W. TI Thermodynamic Properties of trans-1-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (R1233zd(E)): Vapor Pressure, (p, rho, T) Behavior, and Speed of Sound Measurements, and Equation of State SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID HCFO-1233ZD(E); DENSIMETERS; TEMPERATURE; CONSTANTS; DENSITY; RANGES; LIQUID; FLUIDS AB We present experimental measurements of the density, speed of sound, and vapor pressure of trans-l-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, which is also known as R1233zd(E). Densities were measured over the temperature range from (215 to 444) K, with pressures from (0.3 to 24.1) MPa. Sound speed data were measured at temperatures between (290 and 420) K, with pressures from (0.07 to 2.1) MPa. Vapor pressures span the temperature range from (280 to 438) K. The experimental data cover the saturation curve, the vapor and liquid phases, and also the vicinity of the critical point. Densities and vapor pressures were measured in a two-sinker densimeter with a magnetic suspension coupling. Sound speed data were measured with a spherical acoustic resonator. An equation of state written in terms of the Helmholtz energy was developed; it represents the present experimental data with relative root-mean-square deviations of 0.020 % for densities, 0.223 % for vapor pressures, and 0.131 % for speeds of sound. C1 [Mondejar, Maria E.; McLinden, Mark O.; Leinmon, Eric W.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP McLinden, MO (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway,Mailstop 647-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM markm@boulder.nist.gov FU Programa Nacional de Formacion de Profesorado Universitario (FPU) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation FX We thank the Programa Nacional de Formacion de Profesorado Universitario (FPU) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for supporting the stay of M.E. Mondejar at NIST. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD AUG PY 2015 VL 60 IS 8 BP 2477 EP 2489 DI 10.1021/acs.jced.5b00348 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA CP2BU UT WOS:000359683300036 ER PT J AU Chiodi, AM Harrison, DE AF Chiodi, Andrew M. Harrison, D. E. TI Global Seasonal Precipitation Anomalies Robustly Associated with El Nino and La Nina Events-An OLR Perspective*(,+) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERLY WIND EVENTS; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; US TEMPERATURE; PATTERNS; ENSO; EXTREMES; DATASET; INDEX AB El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are associated with particular seasonal weather anomalies in many regions around the planet. When the statistical links are sufficiently strong, ENSO state information can provide useful seasonal forecasts with varying lead times. However, using conventional sea surface temperature or sea level pressure indices to characterize ENSO state leads to many instances of limited forecast skill (e.g., years identified as El Nino or La Nina with weather anomalies unlike the average), even in regions where there is considerable ENSO-associated anomaly, on average. Using outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) conditions to characterize ENSO state identifies a subset of the conventional ENSO years, called OLR El Nino and OLR La Nina years herein. Treating the OLR-identified subset of years differently can both usefully strengthen the level of statistical significance in the average (composite) and also greatly reduce the year-to-year deviations in the composite precipitation anomalies. On average, over most of the planet, the non-OLR El Nino and non-OLR La Nina years have much more limited statistical utility for precipitation. The OLR El Nino and OLR La Nina indices typically identify years in time to be of use to boreal wintertime and later seasonal forecasting efforts, meaning that paying attention to tropical Pacific OLR conditions may offer more than just a diagnostic tool. Understanding better how large-scale environmental conditions during ENSO events determine OLR behavior (and deep atmospheric convection) will lead to improved seasonal precipitation forecasts for many areas. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Ocean & Atmosphere, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Chiodi, AM (reprint author), Univ Washington, JISAO, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM andy.chiodi@noaa.gov RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013; Chiodi, Andrew/Q-7818-2016 FU Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory FX This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148 and by support from the Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office as well as from NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their time and comments, which have led to improvements in this paper. We thank S. Bigley for proofreading this manuscript for us. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 28 IS 15 BP 6133 EP 6159 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00387.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9YM UT WOS:000359532800016 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JG Camargo, SJ Sobel, AH Biasutti, M Emanuel, KA Vecchi, GA Zhao, M Tippett, MK AF Dwyer, John G. Camargo, Suzana J. Sobel, Adam H. Biasutti, Michela Emanuel, Kerry A. Vecchi, Gabriel A. Zhao, Ming Tippett, Michael K. TI Projected Twenty-First-Century Changes in the Length of the Tropical Cyclone Season SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CMIP5 MODELS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; HURRICANE FREQUENCY; CLIMATE MODELS; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; INTENSITY; 21ST-CENTURY; INCREASE; PACIFIC AB This study investigates projected changes in the length of the tropical cyclone season due to greenhouse gas increases. Two sets of simulations are analyzed, both of which capture the relevant features of the observed annual cycle of tropical cyclones in the recent historical record. Both sets use output from the general circulation models (GCMs) of either phase 3 or phase 5 of the CMIP suite (CMIP3 and CMIP5, respectively). In one set, downscaling is performed by randomly seeding incipient vortices into the large-scale atmospheric conditions simulated by each GCM and simulating the vortices' evolution in an axisymmetric dynamical tropical cyclone model; in the other set, the GCMs' sea surface temperature (SST) is used as the boundary condition for a high-resolution global atmospheric model (HiRAM). The downscaling model projects a longer season (in the late twenty-first century compared to the twentieth century) in most basins when using CMIP5 data but a slightly shorter season using CMIP3. HiRAM with either CMIP3 or CMIP5 SST anomalies projects a shorter tropical cyclone season in most basins. Season length is measured by the number of consecutive days that the mean cyclone count is greater than a fixed threshold, but other metrics give consistent results. The projected season length changes are also consistent with the large-scale changes, as measured by a genesis index of tropical cyclones. The season length changes are mostly explained by an idealized year-round multiplicative change in tropical cyclone frequency, but additional changes in the transition months also contribute. C1 [Dwyer, John G.; Sobel, Adam H.; Tippett, Michael K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Camargo, Suzana J.; Sobel, Adam H.; Biasutti, Michela] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Emanuel, Kerry A.] MIT, Program Atmospheres Oceans & Climate, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Zhao, Ming] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Princeton, NJ USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. RP Dwyer, JG (reprint author), MIT, Program Atmospheres Oceans & Climate, Room 54-1823,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jgdwyer@mit.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009; Biasutti, Michela/G-3804-2012; Tippett, Michael/C-6286-2011; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Sobel, Adam/K-4014-2015; OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160; Biasutti, Michela/0000-0001-6681-1533; Tippett, Michael/0000-0002-7790-5364; Sobel, Adam/0000-0003-3602-0567; /0000-0003-4492-9914 FU NOAA Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) Program [NA11OAR4310093]; NSF [AGS-0946849] FX This research was supported by NOAA Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) Program Grant NA11OAR4310093 and NSF Grant AGS-0946849. We thank three anonymous reviewers, and Naomi Henderson and Haibo Liu for obtaining, organizing, and distributing the CMIP data. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth system science portals. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 28 IS 15 BP 6181 EP 6192 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00686.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9YM UT WOS:000359532800018 ER PT J AU Joseph, S Sahai, AK Abhilash, S Chattopadhyay, R Borah, N Mapes, BE Rajeevan, M Kumar, A AF Joseph, Susmitha Sahai, A. K. Abhilash, S. Chattopadhyay, R. Borah, N. Mapes, B. E. Rajeevan, M. Kumar, A. TI Development and Evaluation of an Objective Criterion for the Real-Time Prediction of Indian Summer Monsoon Onset in a Coupled Model Framework SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EXTENDED RANGE PREDICTION; CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ACTIVE-BREAK SPELLS; SOUTHWEST MONSOON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TIBETAN PLATEAU; SATELLITE DATA; HEAT-SOURCES; VERSION 2 AB This study reports an objective criterion for the real-time extended-range prediction of monsoon onset over Kerala (MOK), using circulation as well as rainfall information from the 16 May initial conditions of the Grand Ensemble Prediction System based on the coupled model CFSv2. Three indices are defined, one from rainfall measured over Kerala and the others based on the strength and depth of the low-level westerly jet over the Arabian Sea. While formulating the criterion, the persistence of both rainfall and low-level wind after the MOK date has been considered to avoid the occurrence of "bogus onsets" that are unrelated to the large-scale monsoon system. It is found that the predicted MOK date matches well with the MOK date declared by the India Meteorological Department, the authorized principal weather forecasting agency under the government of India, for the period 2001-14. The proposed criterion successfully avoids predicting bogus onsets, which is a major challenge in the prediction of MOK. Furthermore, the evolution of various model-predicted large-scale and local meteorological parameters corresponding to the predicted MOK date is in good agreement with that of the observation, suggesting the robustness of the devised criterion and the suitability of CFSv2 model for MOK prediction. However, it should be noted that the criterion proposed in the present study can be used only in the dynamical prediction framework, as it necessitates input data on the future evolution of rainfall and low-level wind. C1 [Joseph, Susmitha; Sahai, A. K.; Abhilash, S.; Chattopadhyay, R.; Borah, N.; Rajeevan, M.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Mapes, B. E.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Kumar, A.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. RP Sahai, AK (reprint author), Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. EM sahai@tropmet.res.in OI Sahai, Atul Kumar/0000-0002-2917-1802 FU Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India; Earth System Science Organization; Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India under Monsoon Mission [MM/SERP/ Univ_Miami_USA/2013/INT-1/002] FX IITM is fully supported by Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India. BEM gratefully acknowledges the financial support given by the Earth System Science Organization, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India (Grant/Project MM/SERP/ Univ_Miami_USA/2013/INT-1/002) to conduct this research under Monsoon Mission. The authors gratefully acknowledge the three reviewers for their constructive and insightful comments that helped considerably in improving the manuscript. The model runs were carried out on Prithvi IBM High Performance Computing System installed at IITM, Pune. The figures in this paper were generated using GrADS and Xmgrace. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 28 IS 15 BP 6234 EP 6248 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00842.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9YM UT WOS:000359532800022 ER PT J AU Miller, NB Shupe, MD Cox, CJ Walden, VP Turner, DD Steffen, K AF Miller, Nathaniel B. Shupe, Matthew D. Cox, Christopher J. Walden, Von P. Turner, David D. Steffen, Konrad TI Cloud Radiative Forcing at Summit, Greenland SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER PATH; ICE-SHEET; ARCTIC-OCEAN; PYRANOMETER MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ANNUAL CYCLE; MELT EXTENT; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE AB The surface energy budget plays a critical role in determining the mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet, which in turn has significant implications for global sea levels. Nearly three years of data (January 2011-October 2013) are used to characterize the annual cycle of surface radiative fluxes and cloud radiative forcing (CRF) from the central Greenland Ice Sheet at Summit Station. The annual average CRF is 33 W m(-2), representing a substantial net cloud warming of the central Greenland surface. Unlike at other Arctic sites, clouds warm the surface during the summer. The surface albedo is high at Summit throughout the year, limiting the cooling effect of the shortwave CRF and thus the total CRF is dominated by cloud longwave warming effects in all months. All monthly mean CRF values are positive (warming), as are 98.5% of 3-hourly cases. The annual cycle of CRF is largely driven by the occurrence of liquid-bearing clouds, with a minimum in spring and maximum in late summer. Optically thick liquid-bearing clouds [liquid water path (LWP) > 30 g m(-2)] produce an average longwave CRF of 85 W m(-2). Shortwave CRF is sensitive to solar zenith angle and LWP. When the sun is well above the horizon (solar zenith angle < 65 degrees), a maximum cloud surface warming occurs in the presence of optically thin liquid-bearing clouds. Ice clouds occur frequently above Summit and have mean longwave CRF values ranging from 10 to 60 W m(-2), dependent on cloud thickness. C1 [Miller, Nathaniel B.; Shupe, Matthew D.; Cox, Christopher J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, Nathaniel B.; Shupe, Matthew D.; Cox, Christopher J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Walden, Von P.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Steffen, Konrad] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. RP Miller, NB (reprint author), NOAA ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM millernb@colorado.edu RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Steffen, Konrad/C-6027-2013; Cox, Christopher/O-4276-2016 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026; Cox, Christopher/0000-0003-2203-7173 FU National Science Foundation [PLR1303879, PLR1314156, PLR1314358, PLR1304692, PLR1314248]; CIRES Visiting Fellows Program; NOAA Climate Program Office FX This research is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants PLR1303879, PLR1314156, PLR1314358, PLR1304692, and PLR1314248. Cox received support through the CIRES Visiting Fellows Program and the NOAA Climate Program Office. Thanks to the Swiss Federal Institute for providing the ETH broadband radiometer measurements. Additional broadband radiation measurements, ozonesonde soundings, CO2 measurements, and near-surface meteorological tower data are provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Global Monitoring Division. The Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program provided the ceilometer and MPL measurements. Operational model output was obtained from Richard Forbes and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts. The authors thank Polar Field Services and the various science technicians for their excellent support of the field experiments at Summit Station. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 28 IS 15 BP 6267 EP 6280 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0076.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9YM UT WOS:000359532800024 ER PT J AU Dorval, E McDaniel, JD Macewicz, BJ Porzio, DL AF Dorval, E. McDaniel, J. D. Macewicz, B. J. Porzio, D. L. TI Changes in growth and maturation parameters of Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax collected off California during a period of stock recovery from 1994 to 2010 SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cohort; density dependence; maturity at age; maturity at size; pilchard; reproduction ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; SPAWNING BIOMASS; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; AGE COMPOSITION; BODY-WEIGHT; WEST-COAST; POPULATION AB Whether fluctuation in density influenced the growth and maturation variables of three aggregated cohorts (fish born during the 1986-1993, 1996-2003 and 2004-2008 periods) of Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax caeruleus collected off the Californian coast from 2004 to 2010 was investigated. Using a von Bertalanffy mixed-effects model with aggregated cohorts as covariates, estimated growth rate significantly covaried with aggregated cohorts. Growth rate (K) was modelled as a fixed effect and estimated to be 0264 +/- 0015 (+/- s.e). Statistical contrasts among aggregated cohorts showed that the 1996-2003 cohorts had a significantly lower growth rate than the other two aggregated cohorts. The theoretical age at length zero (t(0)) and the standard length at infinity (L-S) were modelled as random effects, and were estimated to be -2885 +/- 0259 (+/- s.e) and 27313 +/- 6533mm (+/- s.e). The relation of ovary-free mass at length was significantly different among the three aggregated cohorts, with the allometric coefficient estimated to be 2850 +/- 0013 (+/- s.e) for the S. sagax population. The age-at-length trajectory of S. sagax born between 1986 and 2008 showed strong density dependence effects on somatic growth rates. In contrast to the density-dependent nature of growth, the probability to be mature at-size or at-age was not significantly affected by aggregated cohort density. The size and the age-at-50% maturity were estimated to be 15092mm and 056years, respectively. Stock migration, natural fluctuations in biomass and removal of older and larger S. sagax by fishing might have been interplaying factors controlling growth parameters during 1986-2010. C1 [Dorval, E.; McDaniel, J. D.; Macewicz, B. J.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Porzio, D. L.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Los Alamitos, CA 90720 USA. EM Emmanis.Dorval@noaa.gov NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 87 IS 2 BP 286 EP 310 DI 10.1111/jfb.12718 PG 25 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CO8LS UT WOS:000359421400006 PM 26108269 ER PT J AU Godin, OA AF Godin, Oleg A. TI Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation for atmospheric waves SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE compressible flows; elastic waves; internal waves ID ACOUSTIC-GRAVITY WAVES; REFLECTIONLESS PROPAGATION; ADDITIONAL MEMORY; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; GEOMETRIC PHASE; SURFACE; FLUID; EARTHQUAKES; TEMPERATURE AB Ray and Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximations have long been important tools in understanding and modelling propagation of atmospheric waves. However, contradictory claims regarding the applicability and uniqueness of the WKB approximation persist in the literature. Here, we consider linear acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) in a layered atmosphere with horizontal winds. A self-consistent version of the WKB approximation is systematically derived from first principles and compared to ad hoc approximations proposed earlier. The parameters of the problem are identified that need to be small to ensure the validity of the WKB approximation. Properties of low-order WKB approximations are discussed in some detail. Contrary to the better-studied cases of acoustic waves and internal gravity waves in the Boussinesq approximation, the WKB solution contains the geometric, or Berry, phase. The Berry phase is generally non-negligible for AGWs in a moving atmosphere. In other words, knowledge of the AGW dispersion relation is not sufficient for calculation of the wave phase. C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Oleg.Godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0348] FX Stimulating discussions with D. P. Drob, M. Garces, A. P. Kiselev, S. L. Vadas, and N. A. Zabotin are gratefully acknowledged. This research has been supported in part by the Office of Naval Research, grant N00014-13-1-0348. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 777 DI 10.1017/jfm.2015.367 PG 31 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA CP1NS UT WOS:000359643100015 ER PT J AU Wang, SS Pan, M Mu, QZ Shi, XY Mao, JF Brummer, C Jassal, RS Krishnan, P Li, JH Black, TA AF Wang, Shusen Pan, Ming Mu, Qiaozhen Shi, Xiaoying Mao, Jiafu Bruemmer, Christian Jassal, Rachhpal S. Krishnan, Praveena Li, Junhua Black, T. Andrew TI Comparing Evapotranspiration from Eddy Covariance Measurements, Water Budgets, Remote Sensing, and Land Surface Models over Canada SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Remote sensing; Surface observations; Model comparison; Ecological models ID BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ENERGY-EXCHANGE; CLIMATE MODELS; USE EFFICIENCY; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; TEMPERATE; CARBON; MODIS AB This study compares six evapotranspiration ET products for Canada's landmass, namely, eddy covariance EC measurements; surface water budget ET; remote sensing ET from MODIS; and land surface model (LSM) ET from the Community Land Model (CLM), the Ecological Assimilation of Land and Climate Observations (EALCO) model, and the Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC). The ET climatology over the Canadian landmass is characterized and the advantages and limitations of the datasets are discussed. The EC measurements have limited spatial coverage, making it difficult for model validations at the national scale. Water budget ET has the largest uncertainty because of data quality issues with precipitation in mountainous regions and in the north. MODIS ET shows relatively large uncertainty in cold seasons and sparsely vegetated regions. The LSM products cover the entire landmass and exhibit small differences in ET among them. Annual ET from the LSMs ranges from small negative values to over 600 mm across the landmass, with a countrywide average of 256 +/- 15 mm. Seasonally, the countrywide average monthly ET varies from a low of about 3 mm in four winter months (November-February) to 67 +/- 7 mm in July. The ET uncertainty is scale dependent. Larger regions tend to have smaller uncertainties because of the offset of positive and negative biases within the region. More observation networks and better quality controls are critical to improving ET estimates. Future techniques should also consider a hybrid approach that integrates strengths of the various ET products to help reduce uncertainties in ET estimation. C1 [Wang, Shusen; Li, Junhua] Natl Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada. [Pan, Ming] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mu, Qiaozhen] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Mu, Qiaozhen] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shi, Xiaoying; Mao, Jiafu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Shi, Xiaoying; Mao, Jiafu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bruemmer, Christian] Thunen Inst Climate Smart Agr, Braunschweig, Germany. [Jassal, Rachhpal S.; Black, T. Andrew] Univ British Columbia, Biometeorol & Soil Phys Grp, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Krishnan, Praveena] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Krishnan, Praveena] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Wang, SS (reprint author), Natl Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, 560 Rochester St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada. EM shusen.wang@nrcan.gc.ca RI Krishnan, Praveena/F-8169-2010; Pan, Ming/B-6841-2011; Mu, Qiaozhen/G-5695-2010; Brummer, Christian/J-1183-2016; Mao, Jiafu/B-9689-2012 OI Pan, Ming/0000-0003-3350-8719; Brummer, Christian/0000-0001-6621-5010; Mao, Jiafu/0000-0002-2050-7373 FU Groundwater Geoscience Program; Remote Sensing Science Program of Earth Science Sector (ESS); Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); BIOCAP Canada; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; UT-BATTELLE for DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the Groundwater Geoscience Program and Remote Sensing Science Program of the Earth Science Sector (ESS), Natural Resources Canada. We thank Dr. D.W. McKenney and Ms. P. Papadopol of Canadian Forest Service for providing the precipitation data. The EC ET measurements were made as a part of the Fluxnet Canada Research Network (FCRN) and Canada Carbon Program (CCP), which were funded by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), and BIOCAP Canada. CLM data production is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-BATTELLE for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 89 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1540 EP 1560 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0189.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP3FI UT WOS:000359762700007 ER PT J AU Carr, N Kirstetter, PE Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Schwaller, M Petersen, W Wang, NY Ferraro, RR Xue, XW AF Carr, N. Kirstetter, P. -E. Hong, Y. Gourley, J. J. Schwaller, M. Petersen, W. Wang, Nai-Yu Ferraro, Ralph R. Xue, Xianwu TI The Influence of Surface and Precipitation Characteristics on TRMM Microwave Imager Rainfall Retrieval Uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Rainfall; Microwave observations; Radars; Radar observations; Satellite observations ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; DATA ASSIMILATION; FUTURE-PLANS; AMSR-E; RADAR; ALGORITHMS; TMI; QPE; EMISSIVITIES; SENSORS AB Characterization of the error associated with quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) from spaceborne passive microwave (PMW) sensors is important for a variety of applications ranging from flood forecasting to climate monitoring. This study evaluates the joint influence of precipitation and surface characteristics on the error structure of NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) surface QPE product (2A12). TMI precipitation products are compared with high-resolution reference precipitation products obtained from the NOAA/NSSL ground radar-based Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system. Surface characteristics were represented via a surface classification dataset derived from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). This study assesses the ability of 2A12 to detect, classify, and quantify precipitation at its native resolution for the 2011 warm season (March-September) over the southern continental United States. Decreased algorithm performance is apparent over dry and sparsely vegetated regions, a probable result of the surface radiation signal mimicking the scattering signature associated with frozen hydrometeors. Algorithm performance is also shown to be positively correlated with precipitation coverage over the sensor footprint. The algorithm also performs better in pure stratiform and convective precipitation events, compared to events containing a mixture of stratiform and convective precipitation within the footprint. This possibly results from the high spatial gradients of precipitation associated with these events and an underrepresentation of such cases in the retrieval database. The methodology and framework developed herein apply more generally to precipitation estimates from other passive microwave sensors on board low-Earth-orbiting satellites and specifically could be used to evaluate PMW sensors associated with the recently launched Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. C1 [Carr, N.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Carr, N.; Kirstetter, P. -E.] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kirstetter, P. -E.; Gourley, J. J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Hong, Y.; Xue, Xianwu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Schwaller, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Petersen, W.] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA. [Wang, Nai-Yu] IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Ferraro, Ralph R.] NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. RP Carr, N (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Rm 4630, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM n.carr2@ou.edu RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Xue, Xianwu/C-8006-2016; Wang, Nai-Yu/E-5303-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Xue, Xianwu/0000-0002-2106-6370; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU NASA Global Precipitation Measurement Mission Ground Validation Management; NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission grant FX We are very much indebted to the team responsible for the Q2 products, especially Carrie Langston. We thank Dr. G. Huffman for very insightful comments. The lead author was supported by a grant from the NASA Global Precipitation Measurement Mission Ground Validation Management. The work was cosupported by a NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission grant. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1596 EP 1614 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0194.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP3FI UT WOS:000359762700010 ER PT J AU Findell, KL Gentine, P Lintner, BR Guillod, BP AF Findell, Kirsten L. Gentine, Pierre Lintner, Benjamin R. Guillod, Benoit P. TI Data Length Requirements for Observational Estimates of Land-Atmosphere Coupling Strength SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sampling; Statistics; Interannual variability; Atmosphere-land interaction ID BOUNDARY-LAYER INTERACTIONS; AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; DIURNAL TIME SCALES; UNITED-STATES; EVAPORATIVE FRACTION; SOIL-MOISTURE; ETA-MODEL; PART I; AFTERNOON PRECIPITATION; ECMWF REANALYSIS AB Multiple metrics have been developed in recent years to characterize the strength of land-atmosphere coupling in regional and global climate models. Evaluation of these metrics against observations has proven challenging because of limited observations and/or metric definitions based on model experimental designs that are not replicable with observations. Additionally, because observations are limited in time, with only a single realization of the earth's climate available, metrics of land-atmosphere coupling strength typically assume stationarity and ergodicity, so that an observed time series (or set of time series) can be used in place of an ensemble mean of multiple realizations. The present study evaluates the observational data requirements necessary for robust quantification of a suite of land-atmosphere coupling metrics previously described in the literature. It is demonstrated that the amount of data required to obtain robust estimates of metrics assessing relationships between variables is greater than that necessary to constrain means of directly measured observables. Moreover, while the addition of unbiased noise does not significantly alter the mean of a directly observable quantity, inclusion of such noise degrades metrics based on connections between variables, yielding a unidirectional and negative impact on metric strength estimates. This analysis suggests that longer records of surface observations are required to correctly estimate land-atmosphere coupling strength than are required to estimate mean values of the observed quantities. C1 [Findell, Kirsten L.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Gentine, Pierre] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA. [Gentine, Pierre] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Lintner, Benjamin R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Guillod, Benoit P.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Findell, KL (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM kirsten.findell@noaa.gov RI Guillod, Benoit/K-3191-2015 OI Guillod, Benoit/0000-0003-1807-6997 FU National Science Foundation Grant [NSF-AGS-1035986] FX The authors thank John Lanzante, Ron Stouffer, and Alexis Berg for providing insightful reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript. Helpful conversations with Sergey Malyshev and Keith Dixon were also very much appreciated. Funding support was provided by National Science Foundation Grant NSF-AGS-1035986. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1615 EP 1635 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0131.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP3FI UT WOS:000359762700011 ER PT J AU Wood, EF Schubert, SD Wood, AW Peters-Lidard, CD Mo, KC Mariotti, A Pulwarty, RS AF Wood, Eric F. Schubert, Siegfried D. Wood, Andrew W. Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Mo, Kingtse C. Mariotti, Annarita Pulwarty, Roger S. TI Prospects for Advancing Drought Understanding, Monitoring, and Prediction SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENSO; Hydrology; Nowcasting; Seasonal forecasting; Land surface model ID AMERICAN MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; UNITED-STATES; SOIL-MOISTURE; FRAMEWORK; TRENDS; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY AB This paper summarizes and synthesizes the research carried out under the NOAA Drought Task Force (DTF) and submitted in this special collection. The DTF is organized and supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office with the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) and involves scientists from across NOAA, academia, and other agencies. The synthesis includes an assessment of successes and remaining challenges in monitoring and prediction capabilities, as well as a perspective of the current understanding of North American drought and key research gaps. Results from the DTF papers indicate that key successes for drought monitoring include the application of modern land surface hydrological models that can be used for objective drought analysis, including extended retrospective forcing datasets to support hydrologic reanalyses, and the expansion of near-real-time satellite-based monitoring and analyses, particularly those describing vegetation and evapotranspiration. In the area of drought prediction, successes highlighted in the papers include the development of the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) suite of seasonal model forecasts, an established basis for the importance of La Nina in drought events over the southern Great Plains, and an appreciation of the role of internal atmospheric variability related to drought events. Despite such progress, there are still important limitations in our ability to predict various aspects of drought, including onset, duration, severity, and recovery. Critical challenges include (i) the development of objective, science-based integration approaches for merging multiple information sources; (ii) long, consistent hydro-meteorological records to better characterize drought; and (iii) extending skillful precipitation forecasts beyond a 1-month lead time. C1 [Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schubert, Siegfried D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wood, Andrew W.] NCAR, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mo, Kingtse C.] NOAA, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Mariotti, Annarita; Pulwarty, Roger S.] NOAA, Climate Program Off, OAR, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Pulwarty, Roger S.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wood, EF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Olden St,EQUAD E415, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM efwood@princeton.edu RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1636 EP 1657 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0164.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP3FI UT WOS:000359762700012 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JD Hughes, M Henn, B Gutmann, ED Livneh, B Dozier, J Neiman, P AF Lundquist, Jessica D. Hughes, Mimi Henn, Brian Gutmann, Ethan D. Livneh, Ben Dozier, Jeff Neiman, Paul TI High-Elevation Precipitation Patterns: Using Snow Measurements to Assess Daily Gridded Datasets across the Sierra Nevada, California SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGICALLY BASED DATASET; ASSIMILATION SYSTEM NLDAS; LAND-SURFACE FLUXES; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; WINTER PRECIPITATION; WATER EQUIVALENT; COMPLEX TERRAIN; TEMPERATURE; MODEL AB Gridded spatiotemporal maps of precipitation are essential for hydrometeorological and ecological analyses. In the United States, most of these datasets are developed using the Cooperative Observer (COOP) network of ground-based precipitation measurements, interpolation, and the Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) to map these measurements to places where data are not available. Here, we evaluate two daily datasets gridded at 1/16 degrees resolution against independent daily observations from over 100 snow pillows in California's Sierra Nevada from 1990 to 2010. Over the entire period, the gridded datasets performed reasonably well, with median total water-year errors generally falling within +/- 10%. However, errors in individual storm events sometimes exceeded 50% for the median difference across all stations, and in many cases, the same underpredicted storms appear in both datasets. Synoptic analysis reveals that these underpredicted storms coincide with 700-hPa winds from the west or northwest, which are associated with post-cold-frontal flow and disproportionately small precipitation rates in low-elevation valley locations, where the COOP stations are primarily located. This atmospheric circulation leads to a stronger than normal valley-to-mountain precipitation gradient and underestimation of actual mountain precipitation. Because of the small average number of storms (, 10) reaching California each year, these individual storm misses can lead to large biases (similar to 20%) in total water-year precipitation and thereby significantly affect estimates of statewide water resources. C1 [Lundquist, Jessica D.; Henn, Brian] Univ Washington, Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hughes, Mimi; Livneh, Ben] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hughes, Mimi; Livneh, Ben; Neiman, Paul] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Gutmann, Ethan D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Dozier, Jeff] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lundquist, JD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Civil & Environm Engn, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jdlund@u.washington.edu RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009; Gutmann, Ethan/I-5728-2012; OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289; Gutmann, Ethan/0000-0003-4077-3430; LIVNEH, BEN/0000-0001-5445-2473; Dozier, Jeff/0000-0001-8542-431X FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant [EAR-1344595]; NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; NSF [AGS-0753581] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant EAR-1344595 and by NOAA through their Hydrometeorology Testbed and through the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by NSF (AGS-0753581). The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the granting agencies. We thank Chris Daly and two anonymous reviewers who helped improve the manuscript. All data used in this study are publicly available. The H10 data are housed by the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group (http://cses.washington.edu/cig/data/wus.shtml). The L13 data are available from an ftp site (www.hydro.washington.edu/Lettenmaier/Data/livneh/livneh.et.al.2013.page .html). The California Department of Water Resources snow pillow data and precipitation gauge data are available from the California Data Exchange Center (CDEC; http://cdec.water.ca.gov). The NCEP-NCAR reanalyses data are hosted by NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL; www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html). The North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL/PSD, Boulder, Colorado, from their website (www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1773 EP 1792 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0019.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP3FI UT WOS:000359762700020 ER PT J AU Xu, B Xie, PP Xu, M Jiang, LP Shi, CX You, R AF Xu, Bin Xie, Pingping Xu, Ming Jiang, Lipeng Shi, Chunxiang You, Ran TI A Validation of Passive Microwave Rain-Rate Retrievals from the Chinese FengYun-3B Satellite SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asia; Precipitation; Satellite observations ID MEASURING MISSION TRMM; GROUND VALIDATION; FUTURE-PLANS; PRECIPITATION; RESOLUTION; LAND; ALGORITHM; RADAR; SCATTERING; PRODUCTS AB Level 2 rain-rate retrievals from the Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) on board the Chinese FengYun (FY)-3B satellite are verified using minute rainfall measurements from a dense automatic weather station (AWS) network over eastern China for the warm seasons (May-September) of 2012 and 2013. First, analyses of minute rainfall are constructed on a 0.05 degrees latitude-longitude grid box through interpolation of quality-controlled gauge reports. Ground truth for the FY-3B rain-rate retrievals is defined as the 5-min mean rate centering at the satellite observation time and over the 0.05 degrees latitude-longitude grid boxes falling into the target field-of-view (FOV) coverage determined with parallax correction. Parallax displacement is about the same as the height of cloud or half of the FY-3B FOV size. Parallax correction is crucial to ensure accurate evaluation and applications of the level 2 precipitation retrievals from FY-3B and other satellites, including the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) core satellite, and should be implemented before the level 2 retrievals may be used as inputs to the level 3 integrated satellite precipitation analyses. FY-3B level 2 retrievals present good skills in detecting raining pixels and quantifying rain rate as retrievals from other PMW sensors. However, they tend to miss rainfall from warm and low clouds of small scales and underestimate (overestimate) heavy (light) precipitation. In particular, the limited maximum rain rate yields significant underestimation for many heavy rainfall events. Maximum rainfall detected by the FY-3B retrievals for the afternoon orbits is shifted by about 7-8 km toward the leeward direction, most likely caused by the displacement between the heavy rainfall and tallest cloud top. C1 [Xu, Bin; Xu, Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources, Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modelling, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Xu, Bin] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Xu, Bin; Jiang, Lipeng; Shi, Chunxiang] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Xie, Pingping] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [You, Ran] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Xu, B (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, 46 South Zhongguancun St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM xubin@cma.gov.cn RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 FU Youth ST Fund Project [NMIC_QJ_201110, NMIC_QJ_201210]; R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (meteorology) of China [GYHY201306045, GYHY201206008, GYHY201506002]; International S&T Cooperation Program of China [2011DFG23150]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [91437220] FX The authors would like to express their thanks to Robert Joyce for his technical help in decoding the level 2 PMW retrievals during the early stage of this work and to Craig Long and Shaorong Wu for plotting some of the figures of this paper. The comments of Dr. C. Kummerow, Dr. Y. Tian, and three anonymous reviewers greatly helped improve the quality of the manuscript. This work is supported by the Youth S&T Fund Project (Grant NMIC_QJ_201110 and NMIC_QJ_201210), R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (meteorology) of China (Grants GYHY201306045, GYHY201206008, and GYHY201506002), International S&T Cooperation Program of China (Grant 2011DFG23150), and Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 91437220). NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1886 EP 1905 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0143.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP3FI UT WOS:000359762700027 ER PT J AU Zhulidov, AV Kozhara, AV van der Velde, G Leuven, RSEW Zhulidov, DA Gurtovaya, TY Nalepa, TF Santiago-Fandino, VJR AF Zhulidov, Alexander V. Kozhara, Alexander V. van der Velde, Gerard Leuven, Rob S. E. W. Zhulidov, Daniel A. Gurtovaya, Tatiana Yu. Nalepa, Thomas F. Santiago-Fandino, Vicente J. R. TI New records from the Ponto-Azov region demonstrate the invasive potential of Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad, 1831) (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID SEA; MUSSEL; HISTORY C1 [Zhulidov, Alexander V.; Zhulidov, Daniel A.; Gurtovaya, Tatiana Yu.] CPPI S South Russian Ctr Preparat & Implementat I, Off 301, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. [Kozhara, Alexander V.] Russian Acad Sci, IBIW, Yaroslavl Oblast 152742, Russia. [van der Velde, Gerard] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Dept Anim Ecol & Ecophysiol, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [van der Velde, Gerard] Nat Biodivers Ctr, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Leuven, Rob S. E. W.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Dept Environm Sci, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Nalepa, Thomas F.] NOAA Emeritus, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Nalepa, Thomas F.] Univ Michigan, Graham Sustainabil Inst, Water Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. RP van der Velde, G (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Dept Anim Ecol & Ecophysiol, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM g.vandervelde@science.ru.nl RI Leuven, Rob/A-3303-2012; van der Velde, Gerard/C-7776-2011 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 EI 1464-3766 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 81 BP 412 EP 416 DI 10.1093/mollus/eyv005 PN 3 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CP1TB UT WOS:000359657200011 ER PT J AU Youngs, MK Johnson, GC AF Youngs, Madeleine K. Johnson, Gregory C. TI Basin-Wavelength Equatorial Deep Jet Signals across Three Oceans* SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC-OCEAN; PACIFIC-OCEAN; INDIAN-OCEAN; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; CURRENTS; WAVES; WIDTH AB Equatorial deep jets (EDJs) are equatorially trapped, stacked, zonal currents that reverse direction every few hundred meters in depth throughout much of the water column. This study evaluates their structure observationally in all three oceans using new high-vertical-resolution Argo float conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) instrument profiles from 2010 to 2014 augmented with historical shipboard CTD data from 1972 to 2014 and lower-vertical-resolution Argo float profiles from 2007 to 2014. The vertical strain of density is calculated from the profiles and analyzed in a stretched vertical coordinate system determined from the mean vertical density structure. The power spectra of vertical strain in each basin are analyzed using wavelet decomposition. In the Indian and Pacific Oceans, there are two distinct peaks in the power spectra, one Kelvin wave-like and the other entirely consistent with the dispersion relation of a linear, first meridional mode, equatorial Rossby wave. In the Atlantic Ocean, the first meridional mode Rossby wave signature is very strong and dominates. In all three ocean basins, Rossby wave-like signatures are coherent across the basin width and appear to have wavelengths the scale of the basin width, with periods of about 5 yr in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans and about 12 yr in the Pacific Ocean. Their observed meridional scales are about 1.5 times the linear theoretical values. Their phase propagation is downward with time, implying upward energy propagation if linear wave dynamics hold. C1 [Youngs, Madeleine K.; Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Youngs, Madeleine K.] CALTECH, Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU NOAA Hollings Scholar Program; NOAA research FX MKY was supported by the NOAA Hollings Scholar Program, and GCJ was supported by NOAA research. We thank all those who helped to collect, process, calibrate, and archive the shipboard CTD and Argo data. The Argo program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. Argo data are collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu; http://argo.jcommops.org). We also thank Francois Ascani, Eric Firing, William Kessler, Dennis Moore, LuAnne Thompson, and two anonymous reviewers for useful discussions and comments. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 45 IS 8 BP 2134 EP 2148 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0181.1 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CP3AT UT WOS:000359749900009 ER PT J AU Lutsko, NJ Held, IM Zurita-Gotor, P AF Lutsko, Nicholas J. Held, Isaac M. Zurita-Gotor, Pablo TI Applying the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem to a Two-Layer Model of Quasigeostrophic Turbulence SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Dynamics; Large-scale motions; Nonlinear dynamics; Storm tracks; Empirical orthogonal functions ID CLIMATE RESPONSE; SENSITIVITY; PERSISTENCE; FORCINGS; FEEDBACK; STATE AB The fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) provides a means of calculating the response of a dynamical system to a small force by constructing a linear operator that depends only on data from the internal variability of the unperturbed system. Here the FDT is used to estimate the response of a two-layer quasigeostrophic model to two zonally symmetric torques, both barotropic, with the same sign of the forcing in the two layers, and baroclinic, with opposite sign forcing in the two layers. The supercriticality of the model is also varied to test how the FDT fares, as this parameter is varied. To perform the FDT calculations the data are decomposed onto empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) and only those EOFs that are well resolved are retained in the FDT calculations. In the barotropic case good qualitative estimates are obtained for all values of the supercriticality, though the FDT consistently overestimates the response, perhaps because of significant non-Gaussian behavior present in the model. Nevertheless, this adds to the evidence that the annular-mode time scale plays an important role in determining the response of the midlatitudes to small perturbations. The baroclinic case is more challenging for the FDT. However, by constructing different bases with which to calculate the EOFs, it is shown that the issue in this case is that the baroclinic variability is poorly sampled, not that the FDT fails. The strategies developed in order to generate these estimates may be applicable to situations in which the FDT is applied to larger systems. C1 [Lutsko, Nicholas J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Held, Isaac M.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Zurita-Gotor, Pablo] Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Zurita-Gotor, Pablo] Inst Geociencias, Madrid, Spain. RP Lutsko, NJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM lutsko@princeton.edu RI Zurita-Gotor, Pablo/A-5045-2008 OI Zurita-Gotor, Pablo/0000-0002-6873-7645 FU NOAA/Princeton University Cooperative Institute for Climate Science FX It is a pleasure to thank Tim DelSole, Grant Branstator, Sonya Legg, and Steve Garner for helpful discussions and comments on earlier versions of this manuscript as well as three anonymous reviewers. We also thank Stephan Fueglistaler for making the unpublished manuscript of Cooper and Haynes available to us. NJL was funded by the NOAA/Princeton University Cooperative Institute for Climate Science. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 72 IS 8 BP 3161 EP 3177 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0356.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO7OU UT WOS:000359350400018 ER PT J AU Guan, H Cui, B Zhu, YJ AF Guan, Hong Cui, Bo Zhu, Yuejian TI Improvement of Statistical Postprocessing Using GEFS Reforecast Information SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID FORECASTS; CALIBRATION; MOS; PERTURBATIONS; TEMPERATURES; PREDICTION; ENSEMBLES; WEATHER; SYSTEM; ECMWF AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) generated a multidecadal (from 1985 to present) ensemble reforecast database for the 2012 version of the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS). This dataset includes 11-member reforecasts initialized once per day at 0000 UTC. This GEFS version has a strong cold bias for winter and warm bias for summer in the Northern Hemisphere. Although the operational decaying average bias-correction approach performs well in winter and summer, it sometimes fails during the spring and fall transition seasons at long lead times (>~5 days). In this paper, 24- (1985-2008) and 25-yr (1985-2009) reforecast biases are used to calibrate 2-m temperature forecasts in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The reforecast-calibrated forecasts for both years are more accurate than those adjusted by the decaying average method during transition seasons. A long training period (>5 yr) is necessary to help avoid a large impact on bias correction from an extreme year case and keep a broader diversity of weather scenarios. The improvement from using the full 25-yr, 31-day window, weekly training dataset is almost equivalent to that from using daily training samples. This provides an option to reduce computational expenses while maintaining a desired accuracy. To provide the potential to improve forecast accuracy for transition seasons, reforecast information is added into the current operational bias-correction method. The relative contribution of the two methods is determined by the correlation between the ensemble mean and analysis. This method improves the forecast accuracy for most of the year with a maximum benefit during April-June. C1 [Guan, Hong; Cui, Bo; Zhu, Yuejian] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Guan, Hong] Syst Res Grp Inc, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Cui, Bo] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. RP Guan, H (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM hong.guan@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 30 IS 4 BP 841 EP 854 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00126.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP1ST UT WOS:000359656300001 ER PT J AU Brill, KF Fracasso, AR Bailey, CM AF Brill, Keith F. Fracasso, Anthony R. Bailey, Christopher M. TI Applying a Divisive Clustering Algorithm to a Large Ensemble for Medium-Range Forecasting at the Weather Prediction Center SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION FORECASTS AB This article explores the potential advantages of using a clustering approach to distill information contained within a large ensemble of forecasts in the medium-range time frame. A divisive clustering algorithm based on the one-dimensional discrete Fourier transformation is described and applied to the 70-member combination of the 20-member National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) and the 50-member European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble. Cumulative statistical verification indicates that clusters selected objectively based on having the largest number of members do not perform better than the ECMWF ensemble mean. However, including a cluster in a blended forecast to maintain continuity or to nudge toward a preferred solution may be a reasonable strategy in some cases. In such cases, a cluster may be used to sharpen a forecast weakly depicted by the ensemble mean but favored in consideration of continuity, consistency, collaborative thinking, and/or the trend in the guidance. Clusters are often useful for depicting forecast solutions not apparent via the ensemble mean but supported by a subset of ensemble members. A specific case is presented to demonstrate the possible utility of a clustering approach in the forecasting process. C1 [Brill, Keith F.] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Brill, Keith F.; Fracasso, Anthony R.; Bailey, Christopher M.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Weather Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Brill, KF (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Weather Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Ct,Rm 4630, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM keith.brill@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NWS/NCEP/WPC FX The work of NCEP/HPC (WPC) 2011 summer intern Mr. William Davis demonstrated the viability of the divisive clustering algorithm applied to NCEP GEFS and is much appreciated. The suggestions and comments of WPC internal reviewer, Dr. David Novak, are much appreciated. The graphics for this article were produced using the MATLAB and GEMPAK software packages. Thanks to Ms. Lauren Morone for providing the date of the Cray 90 fire. The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions led to significant improvements in the manuscript. Funds for publication were provided by NOAA/NWS/NCEP/WPC. Any opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily state a NOAA/NWS position. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 30 IS 4 BP 873 EP 891 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00137.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP1ST UT WOS:000359656300003 ER PT J AU Smith, BT Thompson, RL Dean, AR Marsh, PT AF Smith, Bryan T. Thompson, Richard L. Dean, Andrew R. Marsh, Patrick T. TI Diagnosing the Conditional Probability of Tornado Damage Rating Using Environmental and Radar Attributes SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SUPERCELL ENVIRONMENTS; FORECAST PARAMETERS; DETECTION ALGORITHM; SQUALL LINES; BOW ECHOES; PART I; CLIMATOLOGY; SOUNDINGS; WSR-88D; SHEAR AB Radar-identified convective modes, peak low-level rotational velocities, and near-storm environmental data were assigned to a sample of tornadoes reported in the contiguous United States during 2009-13. The tornado segment data were filtered by the maximum enhanced Fujita (EF)-scale tornado event per hour using a 40-km horizontal grid. Convective mode was assigned to each tornado event by examining full volumetric Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler data at the beginning time of each event, and 0.5 degrees peak rotational velocity (V-rot) data were identified manually during the life span of each tornado event. Environmental information accompanied each grid-hour event, consisting primarily of supercell-related convective parameters from the hourly objective mesoscale analyses calculated and archived at the Storm Prediction Center. Results from examining environmental and radar attributes, featuring the significant tornado parameter (STP) and 0.5 degrees peak V-rot data, suggest an increasing conditional probability for greater EF-scale damage as both STP and 0.5 degrees peak V-rot increase, especially with supercells. Possible applications of these findings include using the conditional probability of tornado intensity as a real-time situational awareness tool. C1 [Smith, Bryan T.; Thompson, Richard L.; Dean, Andrew R.; Marsh, Patrick T.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Smith, BT (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Ste 2300, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM bryan.smith@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 30 IS 4 BP 914 EP 932 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00122.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP1ST UT WOS:000359656300005 ER PT J AU Kuster, CM Heinselman, PL Austin, M AF Kuster, Charles M. Heinselman, Pamela L. Austin, Marcus TI 31 May 2013 El Reno Tornadoes: Advantages of Rapid-Scan Phased-Array Radar Data from a Warning Forecaster's Perspective* SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; WEATHER RADAR; FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; DECISION-MAKING; SEVERE STORMS; DUAL-DOPPLER; PART II; TORNADOGENESIS; EVOLUTION AB On 31 May 2013, a supercell produced a tornado rated as 3 on the enhanced Fujita scale (EF3) near El Reno, Oklahoma, which was sampled by the S-band phased-array radar (PAR) at the National Weather Radar Testbed in Norman, Oklahoma. Collaboration with the forecaster who issued tornado warnings for the El Reno supercell during real-time operations focused the analysis on critical radar signatures frequently assessed during warning operations. The wealth of real-world experience provided by the forecaster, along with the quantitative analysis, highlighted differences between rapid-scan PAR data and the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler located near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (KTLX), within the context of forecast challenges faced on 31 May 2013. The comparison revealed that the 70-s PAR data proved most advantageous to the forecaster's situational awareness in instances of rapid storm organization, sudden mesocyclone intensification, and abrupt, short-term changes in tornado motion. Situations where PAR data were most advantageous in the depiction of storm-scale processes included 1) rapid variations in mesocyclone intensity and associated changes in inflow magnitude; 2) imminent radar-indicated development of the short-lived (EF0) Calumet, Oklahoma, and long-lived (EF3) El Reno tornadoes; and 3) precise location and motion of the tornado circulation. As a result, it is surmised that rapid-scan volumetric radar data in cases like this would augment a forecaster's ability to observe rapidly evolving storm features and deliver timely, life-saving information to the general public. C1 [Kuster, Charles M.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kuster, Charles M.; Heinselman, Pamela L.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kuster, Charles M.; Heinselman, Pamela L.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Austin, Marcus] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Norman, OK USA. RP Kuster, CM (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM charles.kuster@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors thank Jeff Brogden, Karen Cooper, and Robert Toomey for their expertise with WDSSII and SOLO, Patrick Skinner for helping with radar data editing, Katie Bowden, Rodger Brown, Kurt Hondl, and Doug Speheger for their internal reviews of the manuscript, and Emma Kuster for assistance with Python. We also thank two anonymous reviewers who helped us refine and clarify many elements of the manuscript. Funding for the lead author was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 30 IS 4 BP 933 EP 956 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00142.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP1ST UT WOS:000359656300006 ER PT J AU Brown, RA Wood, VT AF Brown, Rodger A. Wood, Vincent T. TI Detection of the Presence of Tornadoes at the Center of Mesocyclones Using Simulated Doppler Velocity Measurements SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID FINESCALE RADAR OBSERVATIONS; VORTEX SIGNATURES; RESOLUTION AB Simulations were conducted to investigate the detection of the Doppler velocity tornado signature (TS) and tornadic vortex signature (TVS) when a tornado is located at the center of the parent mesocyclone. Whether the signature is a TS or TVS depends on whether the tornado's core diameter is greater than or less than the radar's effective beamwidth, respectively. The investigation included three radar effective beamwidths, two mesocyclones, and six different-sized tornadoes, each of which had 10 different maximum tangential velocities assigned to it to represent a variety of strengths. The concentric tornadoes and mesocyclones were positioned 10-150 km from the radar. The results indicate that 1) azimuthal shear at the center of the mesocyclone increases as the associated tornado gains strength before a TS or TVS appears, 2) smaller tornadoes need to be much stronger than larger tornadoes at a given range for a signature to appear within the mesocyclone, and 3) when the tornado diameter is wider than about one-quarter of the mesocyclone diameter, the TS or TVS associated with a given mesocyclone appears when the tornado has attained about the same strength regardless of range. C1 [Brown, Rodger A.; Wood, Vincent T.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Brown, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM rodger.brown@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 30 IS 4 BP 957 EP 963 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0014.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP1ST UT WOS:000359656300007 ER PT J AU Cangialosi, JP Kimberlain, TB Beven, JL Demaria, M AF Cangialosi, John P. Kimberlain, Todd B. Beven, John L., II Demaria, Mark TI The Validity of Dvorak Intensity Change Constraints for Tropical Cyclones SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The Dvorak technique is used operationally worldwide for tropical cyclone intensity analysis. This study tests Dvorak intensity change constraints, using a database of simultaneous aircraft and satellite fixes for tropical cyclones (TCs) in the 1998-2012 period. Results indicate that, in the vast majority of cases, Dvorak intensity constraints are valid with only a small percentage of strengthening TCs violating the constraints. Of the small sample that broke the constraints, most had initial intensities ranging from moderately strong tropical storms to minimal hurricanes. C1 [Cangialosi, John P.; Kimberlain, Todd B.; Beven, John L., II; Demaria, Mark] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Cangialosi, JP (reprint author), Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM john.p.cangialosi@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1010 EP 1015 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0028.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP1ST UT WOS:000359656300010 ER PT J AU Rozoff, CM Velden, CS Kaplan, J Kossin, JP Wimmers, AJ AF Rozoff, Christopher M. Velden, Christopher S. Kaplan, John Kossin, James P. Wimmers, Anthony J. TI Improvements in the Probabilistic Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification with Passive Microwave Observations SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PART I; LIGHTNING CHARACTERISTICS; HURRICANE EYEWALLS; INTENSITY CHANGE; ICE SCATTERING; CONVECTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; REFLECTIVITY; RAINBANDS; ATLANTIC AB The probabilistic prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) rapid intensification (RI) in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Ocean basins is examined here using a series of logistic regression models trained on environmental and infrared satellite-derived features. The environmental predictors are based on averaged values over a 24-h period following the forecast time. These models are compared against equivalent models enhanced with additional TC predictors created from passive satellite microwave imagery (MI). Leave-one-year-out cross validation on the developmental dataset shows that the inclusion of MI-based predictors yields more skillful RI models for a variety of RI and intensity thresholds. Compared with the baseline forecast skill of the non-MI-based RI models, the relative skill improvements from including MI-based predictors range from 10.6% to 44.9%. Using archived real-time data during the period 2004-13, evaluation of simulated real-time models is also carried out. Unlike in the model development stage, the simulated real-time setting involves using Global Forecast System forecasts for the non-satellite-based predictors instead of "perfect" observational-based predictors in the developmental data. In this case, the MI-based RI models still generate superior skill to the baseline RI models lacking MI-based predictors. The relative improvements gained in adding MI-based predictors are most notable in the Atlantic, where the non-MI versions of the models suffer acutely from the use of imperfect real-time data. In the Atlantic, relative skill improvements provided from the inclusion of MI-based predictors range from 53.5% to 103.0%. The eastern Pacific relative improvements are less impressive but are still uniformly positive. C1 [Rozoff, Christopher M.; Velden, Christopher S.; Wimmers, Anthony J.] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kaplan, John] NOAA, HRD, Miami, FL USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, NCDC, Asheville, NC USA. RP Rozoff, CM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, 1225 Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM chris.rozoff@ssec.wisc.edu RI Kaplan, John/A-8709-2014; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Kaplan, John/0000-0002-7253-3039; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 FU NOAA GOES-R Risk Reduction Grant [NA10NES4400013]; NOAA JHT Project [NA11OAR4310200] FX We thank Timothy Olander, Mark DeMaria, John Knaff, Liqun Ma, Donna McNamara, Jerrold Robaidek, and David Stettner for critical help with obtaining datasets, and Jeffrey Hawkins, Ed Zipser, Margaret Kieper, and Haiyan Jiang for helpful discussions on this work. We also appreciate the invaluable comments from John Knaff and two anonymous reviewers, which have significantly improved this manuscript. AMSR-E data were obtained from the National Snow and Ice Data Center, SSM/I and SSMIS data were obtained from NOAA CLASS, and TMI data were obtained from NASA. Financial support for this work was provided by NOAA GOES-R Risk Reduction Grant NA10NES4400013 and NOAA JHT Project NA11OAR4310200. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1016 EP 1038 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00109.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP1ST UT WOS:000359656300011 ER PT J AU Seidel, DJ Birnbaum, AN AF Seidel, Dian J. Birnbaum, Abigail N. TI Effects of Independence Day fireworks on atmospheric concentrations of fine particulate matter in the United States SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fireworks; Pyrotechnics; Particulate matter; PM2.5; Independence Day; 4th of July ID DIWALI FESTIVAL; AEROSOL; PARTICLES; METALS; PYROTECHNICS; EMISSIONS; INDIA AB Previous case studies have documented increases in air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), during and following fireworks displays associated with various holidays and celebrations around the world. But no study to date has explored fireworks effects on air quality over large regions using systematic observations over multiple years to estimate typical regional PM increases. This study uses observations of fine PM (with particle diameters < 2.5 mu m, PM2.5) from 315 air quality monitoring sites across the United States to estimate the effects of Independence Day fireworks on hourly and 24-hr average concentrations. Hourly PM2.5 concentrations during the evening of July 4 and morning of July 5 are higher than on the two preceding and following days in July, considered as control days. On national average, the increases are largest (21 mu g/m(3)) at 9-10 pm on July 4 and drop to zero by noon on July 5. Average concentrations for the 24-hr period beginning 8 pm on July 4 are 5 mu g/m(3) (42%) greater than on control days, on national average. The magnitude and timing of the Independence Day increases vary from site to site and from year to year, as would be expected given variations in factors such as PM2.5 emissions from fireworks, local meteorological conditions, and distances between fireworks displays and monitoring sites. At one site adjacent to fireworks, hourly PM2.5 levels climb to similar to 500 mu g/m(3), and 24-hr average concentrations increase by 48 mu g/m(3) (370%). These results have implications for potential improvements in air quality models and their predictions, which currently do not account for this emissions source. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). C1 [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, NCWCP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Birnbaum, Abigail N.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, NCWCP, Room 4251,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Dian.Seidel@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 115 BP 192 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.065 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9ZL UT WOS:000358809600022 ER PT J AU Han, Y Wu, YH Wang, TJ Xie, CB Zhao, K Zhuang, BL Li, S AF Han, Yong Wu, Yonghua Wang, Tijian Xie, Chenbo Zhao, Kun Zhuang, Bingliang Li, Shu TI Characterizing a persistent Asian dust transport event: Optical properties and impact on air quality through the ground-based and satellite measurements over Nanjing, China SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Asian dust; Optical properties; Lidar; Air quality; Modeling ID TO-BACKSCATTER RATIO; RAMAN LIDAR; POLLUTION; EXTINCTION; DEPOLARIZATION; SCATTERING; AEROSOLS; PARTICLES; EPISODES; NETWORK AB The optical properties, time-height distribution and impact on the local air quality from a heavy Asian dust transport episode are investigated with a synergistic ground-based, satellite sensors and transport model on 1 May, 2011 at Nanjing (32.05 degrees N, 118.78 degrees E, and 94 m ASL) in southeast China. Two dust layers located in the planetary-boundary-layer (PBL, <2.5 km) and free troposphere (3-6 km) are observed by a Polarization Raman-Mie Lidar, with the lower one originating from the Gobi deserts and the higher one from the Taklimakan deserts. The dust aerosol layer shows the depolarization ratios at 0.1-0.2 and strong extinction coefficients of 1.0 km(-1) at 532-nm, while the extinction-to-backscatter ratios (e.g. lidar ratios) of dust are 47.3-55 sr below 2.5 km. During this dust intrusion period, the aerosol optical depths (AOD) dramatically increase from 0.7 to 1.6 at 500-nm whereas the Angstrom exponents decrease from 1.2 to 0.2. Meanwhile, surface PMio and PM2.5 concentrations show a significant and coincident increase with the peak value reaching 767 mu g/m(3) and 222 mu g/m(3), respectively, indicating the mixture of dust with the anthropogenic aerosols. Regional influences of the transported dust in east China are further illustrated by the AERONET-sunphotometer at Taihu and Xianghe sites (downwind and upwind from Nanjing), satellites MODIS, CALIFSO and model products. Furthermore, the model product of dust profile and surface concentration are evaluated with the ground-based and CALISPO observation. The results indicate the model is capable of simulating the right timing of dust transport event and most loading below 3-km altitude; normalization of model dust with the PM10 near the Gobi deserts improves modeling surface dust concentration in Nanjing. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, Yong; Wang, Tijian; Zhao, Kun; Zhuang, Bingliang; Li, Shu] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wu, Yonghua] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Xie, Chenbo] Chinese Acad Sci, Anhui Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. RP Wu, YH (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM yhwu@ccny.cuny.edu OI Wu, Yonghua/0000-0003-0700-4859 FU National Fundamental Research 973 Program of China [2013CB430101, 2014CB441203]; National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41075012, 40805006] FX This work was joint supported by the National Fundamental Research 973 Program of China (2013CB430101, 2014CB441203) and the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant no. 41075012 and 40805006). The authors gratefully acknowledge the data from NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) HYSPLIT model, NASA-MODIS, CALIPSO and AERONET, NAAPS model from the US Navy Research Lab; and the weather maps are provided by the US NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado. We gratefully acknowledged the constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers that greatly improve the manuscript. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 115 BP 304 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.048 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9ZL UT WOS:000358809600034 ER PT J AU Balzarini, A Pirovano, G Honzak, L Zabkar, R Curci, G Forkel, R Hirtl, M San Jose, R Tuccella, P Grell, GA AF Balzarini, A. Pirovano, G. Honzak, L. Zabkar, R. Curci, G. Forkel, R. Hirtl, M. San Jose, R. Tuccella, P. Grell, G. A. TI WRF-Chem model sensitivity to chemical mechanisms choice in reconstructing aerosol optical properties SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CBMZ-MOSAIC; RADM2-MADE/SORGAM; Online coupled model; Model inter-comparison; Chemical mechanism; Optical properties ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; WEATHER RESEARCH; CHEMISTRY; ENSEMBLE; SYSTEM; EUROPE; SCALE; AQMEII; IMPACT; DUST AB In the framework of the AQMEII initiative WRF-Chem has been applied over Europe adopting two chemical configurations for the calendar year 2010. The first one employed the RADM2 gas-phase chemistry and MADE/SORGAM aerosol module, while the second one implemented the CBM-Z gaseous parameterization and MOSAIC aerosol chemistry. Configurations shared the same domain, meteorological setups and input data. The Comparison demonstrated that CBM-Z has a more efficient ozone-NO titration than RADM2 in regions with sufficiently high levels of NOx and VOCs. At the same time, CBM-Z is found to have a more effective NO2 + OH reaction. The parameterization of the relative humidity of deliquescence point has a strong impact on HNO3 and NO3 concentrations over Europe, particularly over the sea. The MADE approach showed to be more efficient than MOSAIC. Differently, particulate sulfate and SO2 ground concentrations proved to be more influenced by the heterogeneous SO2 cloud oxidation. PM10 and PM2.5 have shown similar results for MOSAIC and MADE/SORGAM, even though some differences were found in the dust and sea salt size partitioning between modes and bins. Indeed, in MADE the sea salt was distributed only in the coarse fraction, while the dust emissions were distributed mainly in the fine fraction. Finally, different chemical mechanisms give different Aerosol Optical Depths (AOD). WRF-Chem is found to under predict the AODs in both configurations because of the misrepresentation of the dust coarse particle, as shown by the analysis of the relationship between the Angstrom exponent and the AOD bias. Differently, when the AOD is dominated by fine particles, the differences in model performance are more evident, with MADE/SORGAM generally performing better than MOSAIC. Indeed the higher availability of both sulfate and nitrate has a significant influence on reconstruction of the AOD estimations. This paper shows the great importance of chemical mechanisms in both gaseous and aerosols predictions, as well as in the calculation of aerosol optical properties. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Balzarini, A.; Pirovano, G.] Ric Sistema Energet RSE SpA, Milan, Italy. [Honzak, L.; Zabkar, R.] Ctr Excellence SPACE SI, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Zabkar, R.] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Math & Phys, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Curci, G.; Tuccella, P.] Univ Laquila, Ctr Excellence Forecast Severe Weather CETEMPS, Dept Phys & Chem Sci, Laquila, Italy. [Forkel, R.] IMK IFU, KIT, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Hirtl, M.] Zentralanstalt Meteorol & Geodynam ZAMG, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. [San Jose, R.] Tech Univ Madrid, Sch Comp Sci, Environm Software & Modelling Grp, Madrid 28660, Spain. [Grell, G. A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Balzarini, A (reprint author), Ric Sistema Energet RSE SpA, Via Rubattino 54, Milan, Italy. EM alessandra.balzarini@rse-web.it RI Curci, Gabriele/A-2020-2011; Tuccella, Paolo/O-7092-2016; Forkel, Renate/A-8743-2013 OI Curci, Gabriele/0000-0001-9871-5570; Tuccella, Paolo/0000-0003-0951-8773; Forkel, Renate/0000-0001-6452-344X FU RSE S.p.A.; Ministry of Economic Development - General Directorate for Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency; European Union, European Regional Development Fund; Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Sport and Culture [OP13.1.1.12.02.0004] FX We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of various groups to the second air Quality Model Evaluation international Initiative (AQMEII) activity: TNO (anthropogenic emissions database); ECMWF/MACC project & Meteo-France/CNRM-GAME (chemical boundary conditions), FMI (fire emissions). Joint Research Center Ispra/Institute for Environment and Sustainability provided its ENSEMBLE system for model output harmonization and analyses, and evaluation. The RSE contribution has been financed by the Research Fund for the Italian Electrical System under the Contract Agreement between RSE S.p.A. and the Ministry of Economic Development - General Directorate for Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in compliance with the Decree of March 8, 2006. The Centre of Excellence for Space Sciences and Technologies SPACE-SI is an operation partly financed by the European Union, European Regional Development Fund and Republic of Slovenia, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Sport and Culture (operations no. OP13.1.1.12.02.0004). NR 67 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 115 BP 604 EP 619 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.12.033 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9ZL UT WOS:000358809600052 ER PT J AU Baro, R Jimenez-Guerrero, P Balzarini, A Curci, G Forkel, R Grell, G Hirtl, M Honzak, L Langer, M Perez, JL Pirovano, G San Jose, R Tuccella, P Werhahn, J Zabkar, R AF Baro, Rocio Jimenez-Guerrero, Pedro Balzarini, Alessandra Curci, Gabriele Forkel, Renate Grell, Georg Hirtl, Marcus Honzak, Luka Langer, Matthias Perez, Juan L. Pirovano, Guido San Jose, Roberto Tuccella, Paolo Werhahn, Johannes Zabkar, Rahela TI Sensitivity analysis of the microphysics scheme in WRF-Chem contributions to AQMEII phase 2 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Microphysics; WRF-Chem; Aerosol; Indirect effect; Aerosol-meteorology feedback; AQMEII-Phase 2 ID REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY; MODEL; AEROSOL; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; ENSEMBLE; CLOUDS; SYSTEM AB The parameterization of cloud microphysics is a crucial part of fully-coupled meteorology-chemistry models, since microphysics governs the formation, growth and dissipation of hydrometeors and also aerosol cloud interactions. The main objective of this study, which is based on two simulations for Europe contributing to Phase 2 of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) is to assess the sensitivity of WRF-Chem to the selection of the microphysics scheme. Two one-year simulations including aerosol cloud interactions with identical physical-chemical parameterizations except for the microphysics scheme (Morrison -MORRAT vs Lin -LINES) are compared. The study covers the difference between the simulations for two three-month periods (cold and a warm) during the year 2010, allowing thus a seasonal analysis. Overall, when comparing to observational data, no significant benefits from the selection of the microphysical schemes can be derived from the results. However, these results highlight a marked north-south pattern of differences, as well as a decisive impact of the aerosol pollution on the results. The MORRAT simulation resulted in higher cloud water mixing ratios over remote areas with low CCN concentrations, whereas the LINES simulation yields higher cloud water mixing ratios over the more polluted areas. Regarding the droplet number mixing ratio, the Morrison scheme was found to yield higher values both during winter and summer for nearly the entire model domain. As smaller and more numerous cloud droplets are more effective in scattering shortwave radiation, the downwelling shortwave radiation flux at surface was found to be up to 30 W m(-2) lower for central Europe for the MORRAT simulation as compared to the simulation using the LINES simulation during wintertime. Finally, less convective precipitation is simulated over land with MORRAT during summertime, while no almost difference was found for the winter. On the other hand, non-convective precipitation was up to 4 mm lower during wintertime over Italy and the Balkans for the case of including Lin microphysics as compared to the MORRAT simulation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baro, Rocio; Jimenez-Guerrero, Pedro] Univ Murcia, Dept Phys, Reg Campus Int Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, Phys Earth,Ed CIOyN, Murcia 30100, Spain. [Balzarini, Alessandra] Ric Sistema Energet RSE SpA, Milan, Italy. [Curci, Gabriele; Tuccella, Paolo] Univ Laquila, Ctr Excellence Forecast Severe Weather CETEMPS, Dept Phys & Chem Sci, Laquila, Italy. [Forkel, Renate; Werhahn, Johannes] Atmosphar Umweltforschung IMK IFU, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforschung, KIT, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Grell, Georg] Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hirtl, Marcus; Langer, Matthias] ZAMG, Zentralanstalt Meteorol & Geodynam, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. [Honzak, Luka; Zabkar, Rahela] Ctr Excellence SPACE SI, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Perez, Juan L.; San Jose, Roberto] Tech Univ Madrid, Sch Comp Sci, Environm Software & Modelling Grp, Madrid 28660, Spain. [Zabkar, Rahela] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Math & Phys, Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Jimenez-Guerrero, P (reprint author), Univ Murcia, Dept Phys, Reg Campus Int Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, Phys Earth,Ed CIOyN, Campus Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain. EM pedro.jimenezguerrero@um.es RI Curci, Gabriele/A-2020-2011; Tuccella, Paolo/O-7092-2016; Forkel, Renate/A-8743-2013 OI Jimenez-Guerrero, Pedro/0000-0002-3156-0671; Curci, Gabriele/0000-0001-9871-5570; Tuccella, Paolo/0000-0003-0951-8773; Forkel, Renate/0000-0001-6452-344X NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 115 BP 620 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.047 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9ZL UT WOS:000358809600053 ER PT J AU San Jose, R Perez, JL Balzarini, A Baro, R Curci, G Forkel, R Galmarini, S Grell, G Hirtl, M Honzak, L Im, U Jimenez-Guerrero, P Langer, M Pirovano, G Tuccella, P Werhahn, J Zabkar, R AF San Jose, R. Perez, J. L. Balzarini, A. Baro, R. Curci, G. Forkel, R. Galmarini, S. Grell, G. Hirtl, M. Honzak, L. Im, U. Jimenez-Guerrero, P. Langer, M. Pirovano, G. Tuccella, P. Werhahn, J. Zabkar, R. TI Sensitivity of feedback effects in CBMZ/MOSAIC chemical mechanism SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric models; Feedbacks; CBMZ; WRF model ID AIR-QUALITY; WRF-CHEM; CHEMISTRY MODELS; SYSTEM; RADIATION; ENSEMBLE; AEROSOLS; IMPACT; ASSIMILATION; METEOROLOGY AB To investigate the impact of the aerosol effects on meteorological variables and pollutant concentrations two simulations with the WRF-Chem model have been performed over Europe for year 2010. We have performed a baseline simulation without any feedback effects and a second simulation including the direct as well as the indirect aerosol effect. The paper describes the full configuration of the model, the simulation design, special impacts and evaluation. Although low aerosol particle concentrations are detected, the inclusion of the feedback effects results in an increase of solar radiation at the surface over cloudy areas (North-West, including the Atlantic) and decrease over more sunny locations (South-East). Aerosol effects produce an increase of the water vapor and decrease the planet boundary layer height over the whole domain except in the Sahara area, where the maximum particle concentrations are detected. Significant ozone concentrations are found over the Mediterranean area. Simulated feedback effects between aerosol concentrations and meteorological variables and on pollutant distributions strongly depend on the aerosol concentrations and the clouds. Further investigations are necessary with higher aerosol particle concentrations. WRF-Chem variables are evaluated using available hourly observations in terms of performance statistics. Standardized observations from the ENSEMBLE system web-interface were used. The research was developed under the second phase of Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII). WRF-Chem demonstrates its capability in capturing temporal and spatial variations of the major meteorological variables and pollutants, except the wind speed over complex terrain. The wind speed bias may affect the accuracy in the chemical predictions (NO2, SO2). The analysis of the correlations between simulated data sets and observational data sets indicates that the simulation with aerosol effects performs slightly better. These results indicate potential importance of the aerosol feedback effects and an urgent need to further improve the representations in current atmospheric models to reduce uncertainties at all scales. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [San Jose, R.; Perez, J. L.] Tech Univ Madrid, ESMG UPM, Madrid, Spain. [Balzarini, A.; Pirovano, G.] RSE, Milan, Italy. [Baro, R.; Jimenez-Guerrero, P.] Univ Murcia, MAR UMU, E-30001 Murcia, Spain. [Curci, G.; Tuccella, P.] Univ Laquilla, CETEMPS, Laquilla, Italy. [Hirtl, M.; Langer, M.] ZAMG, Vienna, Austria. [Honzak, L.; Zabkar, R.] Ctr Excellence SPACE SI, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Forkel, R.; Werhahn, J.] IMK IFU, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Grell, G.] Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Galmarini, S.; Im, U.] IES, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, JRC, EC, Ispra, Italy. [Zabkar, R.] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Math & Phys, Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP San Jose, R (reprint author), Tech Univ Madrid, ESMG UPM, Madrid, Spain. EM roberto@fi.upm.es RI Curci, Gabriele/A-2020-2011; Tuccella, Paolo/O-7092-2016; Forkel, Renate/A-8743-2013; OI Curci, Gabriele/0000-0001-9871-5570; Tuccella, Paolo/0000-0003-0951-8773; Forkel, Renate/0000-0001-6452-344X; Jimenez-Guerrero, Pedro/0000-0002-3156-0671; Im, Ulas/0000-0001-5177-5306 FU Italian Space Agency (ASI) [I/017/11/0] FX We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of various groups to the second air Quality Model Evaluation international Initiative (AQMEII) activity: TNO (anthropogenic emissions database); ECMWF/MACC project & Meteo-France/CNRM-GAME (chemical boundary conditions), FMI (fire emissions). Joint Research Center Ispra/Institute for Environment and Sustainability provided its ENSEMBLE system for model output harmonization and analyses, and evaluation. The UPM authors acknowledge the computer resources and technical assistance provided by the Centro de Supercomputacion y Visualizacion de Madrid (CeSViMa). The UPM authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources, technical expertise and assistance provided by the Red Espanola de Supercomputacion. G. Curci and P. Tuccella were supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI), in the frame of the PRIMES project (contract n. I/017/11/0). NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 115 BP 646 EP 656 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.030 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9ZL UT WOS:000358809600055 ER PT J AU Wang, K Zhang, Y Yahya, K Wu, SY Grell, G AF Wang, Kai Zhang, Yang Yahya, Khairunnisa Wu, Shiang-Yuh Grell, Georg TI Implementation and initial application of new chemistry-aerosol options in WRF/Chem for simulating secondary organic aerosols and aerosol indirect effects for regional air quality SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE AQMEII; WRF/Chem; Aerosol direct and indirect effects; CB05; VBS SOA ID BASIS-SET APPROACH; MODELING SYSTEM; PART I; SEMIVOLATILE; PARAMETERIZATION; PREDICTIONS; PERFORMANCE; ABSORPTION; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION AB Atmospheric aerosols play important roles in affecting regional meteorology and air quality through aerosol direct and indirect effects. Two new chemistry-aerosol options have been developed in WRF/Chem v3.4.1 by incorporating the 2005 Carbon Bond (CB05) mechanism and coupling it with the existing aerosol module MADE with SORGAM and VBS modules for simulating secondary organic aerosol (SOA), aqueous-phase chemistry in both large scale and convective clouds, and aerosol feedback processes (hereafter CB05-MADE/SORGAM and CB05-MADE/VBS). As part of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) Phase II model intercomparison that focuses on online-coupled meteorology and chemistry models, WRF/Chem with the two new options is applied to an area over North America for July 2006 episode. The simulations with both options can reproduce reasonably well most of the observed meteorological variables, chemical concentrations, and aerosol/cloud properties. Compared to CB05-MADE/SORGAM, CB05-MADE/VBS greatly improves the model performance for organic carbon (OC) and PM2.5, reducing NMBs from -81.2% to -13.1% and from -26.1% to -15.6%, respectively. Sensitivity simulations show that the aerosol indirect effects (including aqueous-phase chemistry) can reduce the net surface solar radiation by up to 53 W m(-2) with a domainwide mean of 12 W m(-2) through affecting cloud formation and radiation scattering and reflection by increasing cloud cover, which in turn reduce the surface temperature, NO2 photolytic rate, and planetary boundary layer height by up to 0.3 degrees C, 3.7 min(-1), and 64 m, respectively. The changes of those meteorological variables further impact the air quality through the complex chemistry-aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions by reducing O-3 mixing ratios by up to 5.0 ppb. The results of this work demonstrate the importance of aerosol indirect effects on the regional climate and air quality. For comparison, the impacts of aerosol direct effects on both regional meteorology and air quality are much lower with the reduction on net surface solar radiation only by up to 17 W m(-2) and O-3 only by up to 1.4 ppb, which indicates the importance and necessity to accurately represent the aerosol indirect effects in the online-couple regional models. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Kai; Zhang, Yang; Yahya, Khairunnisa] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wu, Shiang-Yuh] Dept Air Qual & Environm Management, Clark Cty, NV 89118 USA. [Grell, Georg] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wang, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM kwang@ncsu.edu; yzhang9@ncsu.edu RI Wang, Kai/D-4262-2013 OI Wang, Kai/0000-0002-2375-5989 FU NSF Earth System Program [AGS-1049200]; National Science Foundation FX This work is supported by NSF Earth System Program (AGS-1049200). We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of various groups to the AQMEII activity: U.S. EPA, Environment Canada, Mexican Secretariat of the Environment and Natural Resources (Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales-SEMARNAT), and National Institute of Ecology (Instituto Nacional de Ecologia-INE) for providing and processing North American national emissions inventories and ECMWF/MACC project & Meteo-France/CNRM-GAME for providing MACC model outputs used as chemical initial and boundary conditions in this work. Ambient measurements were obtained from U.S. EPA (AQS, CASTNET, IMPROVE, STN/CSN, and NADP networks) and Atmospheric Research & Analysis Inc. (SEARCH). Satellite data were obtained from NASA's and ESA's web sites. Thanks are due to Christian Hogrefe, the U.S. EPA, for providing CMAQ output to benchmark WRF/Chem results; Tad Kleindienst, the U.S. EPA, for providing SOA/OC data for the RTP site; Shaocai Yu, the U.S. EPA for helping on COT diagnostic outputs; Paul Makar, Environment Canada and Ravan Ahmadov, NOAA, for helpful discussions of WRF/Chem results; Tim Glotfelty and Masilin Gudoshava, graduate students at NCSU for generating MACC initial/boundary conditions and post-processing some results using AMET, respectively. We would also like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 77 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 115 BP 716 EP 732 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.12.007 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9ZL UT WOS:000358809600060 ER PT J AU Garfinkel, SL McCarrin, M AF Garfinkel, Simson L. McCarrin, Michael TI Hash-based carving: Searching media for complete files and file fragments with sector hashing and hashdb SO DIGITAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual DFRWS Conference (DFRWS USA) CY 2015 CL Philadelphia, PA SP DFRWS DE Hash-based carving; Hashdb; bulk_extractor; Sector hashing; Similarity AB Hash-based carving is a technique for detecting the presence of specific "target files" on digital media by evaluating the hashes of individual data blocks, rather than the hashes of entire files. Unlike whole-file hashing, hash-based carving can identify files that are fragmented, files that are incomplete, or files that have been partially modified. Previous efforts at hash-based carving have looked for evidence of a single file or a few files. We attempt hash-based carving with a target file database of roughly a million files and discover an unexpectedly high false identification rate resulting from common data structures in Microsoft Office documents and multimedia files. We call such blocks "non-probative blocks." We present the HASH-SETS algorithm that can determine the presence of files, and the HASH-RUNS algorithm that can reassemble files using a database of file block hashes. Both algorithms address the problem of non-probative blocks and provide results that can be used by analysts looking for target data on searched media. We demonstrate our technique using the bulk_extractor forensic tool, the hashdb hash database, and an algorithm implementation written in Python. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of DFRWS. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Garfinkel, Simson L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McCarrin, Michael] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Garfinkel, SL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM simsong@acm.org; mrmccarr@nps.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-2876 EI 1873-202X J9 DIGIT INVEST JI Digit. Investig. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 14 SU S BP S95 EP S105 DI 10.1016/j.diin.2015.05.001 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA CO7HL UT WOS:000359330100011 ER PT J AU Williams, GJ Gove, JM Eynaud, Y Zgliczynski, BJ Sandin, SA AF Williams, Gareth J. Gove, Jamison M. Eynaud, Yoan Zgliczynski, Brian J. Sandin, Stuart A. TI Local human impacts decouple natural biophysical relationships on Pacific coral reefs SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE STRESSORS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; THERMAL-STRESS; WAVE-EXPOSURE; K-SELECTION; R-SELECTION; BASE-LINES; ALGAE; EVOLUTION AB Human impacts can homogenize and simplify ecosystems, favoring communities that are no longer naturally coupled with (or reflective of) the background environmental regimes in which they are found. Such a process of biophysical decoupling has been explored little in the marine environment due to a lack of replication across the intact-to-degraded ecosystem spectrum. Coral reefs lacking local human impacts provide critical baseline scenarios in which to explore natural biophysical relationships, and provide a template against which to test for their human-induced decoupling. Using 39 Pacific islands, 24 unpopulated (relatively free from local human impacts) and 15 populated (with local human impacts present), spanning 45 degrees of latitude and 65 degrees of longitude, we ask, what are natural' biophysical relationships on coral reefs and do we see evidence for their human-induced decoupling? Estimates of the percent cover of benthic groups were related to multiple physical environmental drivers (sea surface temperature, irradiance, chlorophyll-a, and wave energy) using mixed-effects models and island mean condition as the unit of replication. Models across unpopulated islands had high explanatory power, identifying key physical environmental drivers of variations in benthic cover in the absence of local human impacts. These same models performed poorly and lost explanatory power when fitted anew to populated (human impacted) islands; biophysical decoupling was clearly evident. Furthermore, key biophysical relationships at populated islands (i.e. those relationships driving benthic variation across space in conjunction with chronic human impact) bore little resemblance to the baseline scenarios identified from unpopulated islands. Our results highlight the ability of local human impacts to decouple biophysical relationships in the marine environment and fundamentally restructure the natural rules of nature. C1 [Williams, Gareth J.; Eynaud, Yoan; Zgliczynski, Brian J.; Sandin, Stuart A.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92083 USA. [Gove, Jamison M.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst & Oceanog Div, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Williams, GJ (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92083 USA. EM gareth@ucsd.edu FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; NOAA/NSF CAMEO program FX This study was conducted with the support of the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and the NOAA/NSF CAMEO program. We thank Jacob Asher, Russell Brainard, Julia Ehses, Molly Timmers, Timothy Jones, Ivor Williams, and Bernardo Vargas-Angel for data collection, technical support, and stimulating discussion, and Rachel Morrison, the NOAA internal review process, for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Rachel Anne Morrison, an explorer, scientist, and friend. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD AUG PY 2015 VL 38 IS 8 BP 751 EP 761 DI 10.1111/ecog.01353 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO7AU UT WOS:000359310700001 ER PT J AU Shinder, II Crowley, CJ Filla, BJ Moldover, MR AF Shinder, Iosif I. Crowley, Christopher J. Filla, B. James Moldover, Michael R. TI Improvements to NIST'S air speed calibration service SO FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Flow Measurement Conference (FLOMEKO 2013) CY SEP 24-26, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE DE Airspeed measurements; Primary standard; Wind tunnel AB We discuss five significant improvements to the Air Speed Calibration Service conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): 1. Reduced-uncertainty calibration of the secondary standard [Laser Doppler Anemometer, (LDA)] using a spinning disk, 2. Reduced-uncertainty LDA measurements that account for the position-dependence of the air speed in the test section and for window effects, 3. Improved repeatability, precision, and ease of calibrations by using automated data acquisition and PID air speed control, 4. optical character recognition data acquisition system for anemometers lacking electrical outputs, and 5. up-to-date uncertainty budget of the LDA. Also, we present the results (with uncertainties) of Pitot tube calibrations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shinder, Iosif I.; Crowley, Christopher J.; Filla, B. James; Moldover, Michael R.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shinder, II (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Mail Stop 8361,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Iosif.Shinder@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-5986 EI 1873-6998 J9 FLOW MEAS INSTRUM JI Flow Meas. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 44 SI SI BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2014.11.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CO5BU UT WOS:000359175400004 ER PT J AU Gittman, RK Fodrie, FJ Popowich, AM Keller, DA Bruno, JF Currin, CA Peterson, CH Piehler, MF AF Gittman, Rachel K. Fodrie, F. Joel Popowich, Alyssa M. Keller, Danielle A. Bruno, John F. Currin, Carolyn A. Peterson, Charles H. Piehler, Michael F. TI Engineering away our natural defenses: an analysis of shoreline hardening in the US SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID COASTAL; HABITATS AB Rapid population growth and coastal development are primary drivers of marine habitat degradation. Although shoreline hardening or armoring (the addition of concrete structures such as seawalls, jetties, and groins), a byproduct of development, can accelerate erosion and loss of beaches and tidal wetlands, it is a common practice globally. Here, we provide the first estimate of shoreline hardening along US Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico coasts and predict where future armoring may result in tidal wetland loss if coastal management practices remain unchanged. Our analysis indicates that 22 842 km of continental US shoreline - approximately 14% of the total US coastline - has been armored. We also consider how socioeconomic and physical factors relate to the pervasiveness of shoreline armoring and show that housing density, gross domestic product, storms, and wave height are positively correlated with hardening. Over 50% of South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts are fringed with tidal wetlands that could be threatened by future hardening, based on projected population growth, storm frequency, and an absence of coastal development restrictions. C1 [Gittman, Rachel K.; Fodrie, F. Joel; Keller, Danielle A.; Peterson, Charles H.; Piehler, Michael F.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA. [Popowich, Alyssa M.] US Coast Guard, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Bruno, John F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Currin, Carolyn A.] NOAA, Beaufort, NC USA. RP Gittman, RK (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. EM r.gittman@neu.edu FU NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve System graduate fellowship; US National Science Foundation [NSF OCE-1155628]; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX We thank J Grabowski, T Rodriguez, and S Scyphers for their guidance and advice. This research was funded by a NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve System graduate fellowship to RKG, a US National Science Foundation grant to FJF (NSF OCE-1155628), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the US Department of Commerce. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 57 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 13 IS 6 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1890/150065 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO6NM UT WOS:000359273400014 ER PT J AU Barker, JG Mildner, DFR AF Barker, J. G. Mildner, D. F. R. TI Survey of background scattering from materials found in small-angle neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE small-angle neutron scattering; background scattering; multiple scattering; phonon scattering; time-of-flight measurements ID POLARIZATION ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR GASES; CROSS-SECTIONS; HEAVY-WATER; SANS; TRANSMISSION; CALIBRATION; MIXTURES; LIGHT; DISLOCATIONS AB Measurements and calculations of beam attenuation and background scattering for common materials placed in a neutron beam are presented over the temperature range of 300-700 K. Time-of-flight (TOF) measurements have also been made, to determine the fraction of the background that is either inelastic or quasi-elastic scattering as measured with a 3 He detector. Other background sources considered include double Bragg diffraction from windows or samples, scattering from gases, and phonon scattering from solids. Background from the residual air in detector vacuum vessels and scattering from the 3 He detector dome are presented. The thickness dependence of the multiple scattering correction for forward scattering from water is calculated. Inelastic phonon background scattering at small angles for crystalline solids is both modeled and compared with measurements. Methods of maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio by material selection, choice of sample thickness and wavelength, removal of inelastic background by TOF or Be filters, and removal of spin-flip scattering with polarized beam analysis are discussed. C1 [Barker, J. G.; Mildner, D. F. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barker, JG (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.barker@nist.gov NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 19 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 48 BP 1055 EP 1071 DI 10.1107/S1600576715010729 PN 4 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA CN9TL UT WOS:000358791900009 ER PT J AU Gagin, A Levin, I AF Gagin, Anton Levin, Igor TI Accounting for unknown systematic errors in Rietveld refinements: a Bayesian statistics approach SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Rieveld refinements; errors; uncertainties; powder diffraction ID NEUTRON POWDER-DIFFRACTION; INTERNATIONAL-UNION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AB A method has been developed to address the effects of systematic errors in Rietveld refinements using powder diffraction data. Relevant errors were categorized into multiplicative, additive and peak-shape types. Corrections for these errors were incorporated into structural refinements using a Bayesian statistics approach, with the corrections themselves treated as nuisance parameters and marginalized out of the analysis. Structural parameters refined using the proposed method represent probability-weighted averages over all possible error corrections. The developed formalism has been adapted to least-squares minimization algorithms and implemented as an extension to the Rietveld software package GSAS-II. The technique was first tested using neutron and X-ray diffraction data simulated for PbSO4 and then applied to the equivalent experimental data sets for the same compound. The results obtained using the simulated data confirmed that the proposed method yields significantly more accurate estimates of structural parameters and their uncertainties than standard refinements. The benefits were particularly significant for joint refinements using neutron and X-ray diffraction data because accounting for systematic errors enabled more adequate weighting of the individual data sets. C1 [Gagin, Anton; Levin, Igor] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 14 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 48 BP 1201 EP 1211 DI 10.1107/S1600576715011322 PN 4 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA CN9TL UT WOS:000358791900024 ER PT J AU Gimbutas, Z Greengard, L Veerapaneni, S AF Gimbutas, Z. Greengard, L. Veerapaneni, S. TI Simple and efficient representations for the fundamental solutions of Stokes flow in a half-space SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE boundary integral methods; low-Reynolds-number flows; Stokesian dynamics ID MANY-PARTICLE PROBLEMS; FAST MULTIPOLE METHOD; NO-SLIP BOUNDARY; 3 DIMENSIONS; IMAGE SYSTEM; VISCOUS-FLOW; SINGULARITIES; EQUATION; ELASTICITY; ALGORITHM AB We derive new formulae for the fundamental solutions of slow viscous flow, governed by the Stokes equations, in a half-space. They are simpler than the classical representations obtained by Blake and collaborators, and can be efficiently implemented using existing fast solver libraries. We show, for example, that the velocity field induced by a Stokeslet can be annihilated on the boundary (to establish a zero-slip condition) using a single reflected Stokeslet combined with a single Papkovich-Neuber potential that involves only a scalar harmonic function. The new representation has a physically intuitive interpretation. C1 [Gimbutas, Z.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Greengard, L.] Simons Fdn, Simons Ctr Data Anal, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Greengard, L.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Veerapaneni, S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Veerapaneni, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Math, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM shravan@umich.edu FU Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering; AFOSR under NSSEFF Program [FA9550-10-1-0180]; National Science Foundation [DMS-0934733]; US Department of Energy [DEFGO288ER25053]; NSF [DMS-1418964, DMS-1224656] FX The work of Z.G. was supported in part by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and AFOSR under NSSEFF Program Award FA9550-10-1-0180, and in part by the National Science Foundation under grant DMS-0934733. Contributions by staff of NIST, an agency of the US Government, are not subject to copyright within the United States. The work of L.G. was supported in part by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and AFOSR under NSSEFF Program Award FA9550-10-1-0180, by the National Science Foundation under grant DMS-0934733 and by the Applied Mathematical Sciences Program of the US Department of Energy under Contract DEFGO288ER25053. The work of S.V. was supported by the NSF under grants DMS-1418964 and DMS-1224656. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 776 DI 10.1017/jfm.2015.302 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA CN8TN UT WOS:000358716500001 ER PT J AU Yi, F Osborn, W Betz, J LaVan, DA AF Yi, Feng Osborn, William Betz, Jordan LaVan, David A. TI Interactions of Adhesion Materials and Annealing Environment on Resistance and Stability of MEMS Platinum Heaters and Temperature Sensors SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Platinum; thin film; resistance; adhesion; heater; thermometer; MEMS; stability; thermal analysis; annealing ID MICRO-HEATING ELEMENTS; THIN-FILMS AB We evaluate the microstructural and electrical stability of Pt thin films with Ti or Ta as the adhesion layer after furnace annealing and rapid thermal annealing up to 750 degrees C in three different environments. Test devices were made with 100 nm of Pt with a 10-nm adhesion layer. After annealing, the resistance anomalously increased for samples annealed in ultrahigh purity N-2 (UHP, 99.999%), while the resistance decreased, as expected, for samples annealed in 99.95% N-2 or air. The Ta/Pt film stack shows better microstructural and electrical stability compared with Ti/Pt. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data indicate that diffusion of the Ti and Ta adhesion layers through the Pt film occurs in samples annealed in UHP N-2, which is responsible for the remarkable increase of resistance. For samples annealed in air, the oxidation of Ti/Ta suppresses the diffusion process and expected grain growth occurs in the Pt, thus decreasing the resistance. Furthermore, XPS elemental mapping and atomic force microscope imaging shed light on void formation/dewetting seen under certain conditions. [2014-0241] C1 [Yi, Feng; Osborn, William; Betz, Jordan; LaVan, David A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yi, F (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM feng.yi@nist.gov; william.osborn@nist.gov; jordan.betz@nist.gov; david.lavan@nist.gov RI Betz, Jordan/A-8833-2010 OI Betz, Jordan/0000-0002-1257-2204 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1185 EP 1192 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2015.2394483 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CO1YQ UT WOS:000358952600049 ER PT J AU Mohr, PJ Phillips, WD AF Mohr, Peter J. Phillips, William D. TI Reply to Comments on 'Dimensionless units in the SI' SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material AB We reply to a Comment on our paper 'Dimensionless units in the SI', addressing the objections by clarifying and expanding the arguments of that paper. C1 [Mohr, Peter J.; Phillips, William D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mohr, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mohr@nist.gov; wphillips@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2015 VL 52 IS 4 BP 617 EP 618 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/52/4/617 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CO1SF UT WOS:000358934800023 ER PT J AU Potvin, CK Flora, ML AF Potvin, Corey K. Flora, Montgomery L. TI Sensitivity of Idealized Supercell Simulations to Horizontal Grid Spacing: Implications for Warn-on-Forecast SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CONVECTION-ALLOWING FORECASTS; BULK MICROPHYSICS; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; PART I; MODEL; MOTION; STORMS; RESOLUTION; TURBULENCE; PARAMETERIZATION AB The Warn-on-Forecast (WoF) program aims to deploy real-time, convection-allowing, ensemble data assimilation and prediction systems to improve short-term forecasts of tornadoes, flooding, lightning, damaging wind, and large hail. Until convection-resolving (horizontal grid spacing Delta x < 100 m) systems become available, however, resolution errors will limit the accuracy of ensemble model output. Improved understanding of grid spacing dependence of simulated convection is therefore needed to properly calibrate and interpret ensemble output, and to optimize trade-offs between model resolution and other computationally constrained parameters like ensemble size and forecast lead time. Toward this end, the authors examine grid spacing sensitivities of simulated supercells over Delta x of 333 m-4 km. Storm environment and physics parameterization are varied among the simulations. The results suggest that 4-km grid spacing is too coarse to reliably simulate supercells, occasionally leading to premature storm demise, whereas 3-km simulations more often capture operationally important features, including low-level rotation tracks. Further decreasing Delta x to 1 km enables useful forecasts of rapid changes in low-level rotation intensity, though significant errors remain (e.g., in timing). Grid spacing dependencies vary substantially among the experiments, suggesting that accurate calibration of ensemble output requires better understanding of how storm characteristics, environment, and parameterization schemes modulate grid spacing sensitivity. Much of the sensitivity arises from poorly resolving small-scale processes that impact larger (well resolved) scales. Repeating some of the 333-m simulations with coarsened initial conditions reveals that supercell forecasts can substantially benefit from reduced grid spacing even when limited observational density precludes finescale initialization. C1 [Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Potvin, Corey K.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Flora, Montgomery L.] Natl Weather Ctr Res Experience Undergrad, Norman, OK USA. [Flora, Montgomery L.] Ball State Univ, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. RP Potvin, CK (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM corey.potvin@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1062932]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX This work was prepared by the authors with funding provided by the National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1062932, and NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, NOAA, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. We gratefully acknowledge the very constructive comments of three anonymous reviewers. We thank Louis Wicker for informally reviewing an early version of this paper, and Michael Coniglio, Evgeni Fedorovich, and Louis Wicker for helpful discussions. Finally, M. Flora thanks Robert Conrick for continually lending a helpful ear during the 2014 NWC REU program. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 143 IS 8 BP 2998 EP 3024 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00416.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9EZ UT WOS:000359476900002 ER PT J AU French, MM Skinner, PS Wicker, LJ Bluestein, HB AF French, Michael M. Skinner, Patrick S. Wicker, Louis J. Bluestein, Howard B. TI Documenting a Rare Tornado Merger Observed in the 24 May 2011 El Reno-Piedmont, Oklahoma, Supercell* SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; X-BAND; VORTEX MERGER; PHASED-ARRAY; JUNE 1995; POLARIMETRIC SIGNATURES; CONVECTIVE STORMS; DUAL-DOPPLER; SOUTH-DAKOTA; PART I AB Unique observations of the interaction and likely merger of two cyclonic tornadoes are documented. One of the tornadoes involved in the interaction was the enhanced Fujita scale (EF5) El Reno-Piedmont, Oklahoma, tornado from 24 May 2011 and the other was a previously undocumented tornado. Data from three S-band radars: Twin Lakes, Oklahoma (KTLX); Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN); and the multifunction phased-array radar (MPAR), are used to detail the formation of the second tornado, which occurred to the northwest of the original tornado in an area of strong radial convergence. Radar data and isosurfaces of azimuthal shear provide evidence that both tornadoes formed within an elongated area of mesocyclone-scale cyclonic rotation. The path taken by the primary tornado and the formation location of the second tornado are different from previous observations of simultaneous cyclonic tornadoes, which have been most often observed in the cyclic tornadogenesis process. The merger of the two tornadoes occurred during the sampling period of a mobile phased-array radar-the Mobile Weather Radar, 2005 X-Band, Phased Array (MWR-05XP). MWR-05XP electronic scanning in elevation allowed for the merger process to be examined up to 4 km above radar level every 11 s. The tornadic vortex signatures (TVSs) associated with the tornadoes traveled around each other in a counterclockwise direction then merged in a helical manner up through storm midlevels. Upon merging, both the estimated intensity and size of the TVS associated with the resulting tornado increased dramatically. Similarities between the merger observed in this case and in previous cases also are discussed. C1 [French, Michael M.; Skinner, Patrick S.; Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Bluestein, Howard B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP French, MM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM michael.m.french@stonybrook.edu NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 143 IS 8 BP 3025 EP 3043 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00349.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9EZ UT WOS:000359476900003 ER PT J AU Yussouf, N Dowell, DC Wicker, LJ Knopfmeier, KH Wheatley, DM AF Yussouf, Nusrat Dowell, David C. Wicker, Louis J. Knopfmeier, Kent H. Wheatley, Dustan M. TI Storm-Scale Data Assimilation and Ensemble Forecasts for the 27 April 2011 Severe Weather Outbreak in Alabama SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; KALMAN FILTER ASSIMILATION; MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; DOPPLER RADAR DATA; WARN-ON-FORECAST; LOW-LEVEL WIND; PART I; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; MICROPHYSICS SCHEMES; REGIONAL PREDICTION AB As part of NOAA's Warn-on-Forecast (WoF) initiative, a multiscale ensemble-based assimilation and prediction system is developed using the WRF-ARW model and DART assimilation software. To evaluate the capabilities of the system, retrospective short-range probabilistic storm-scale (convection allowing) ensemble analyses and forecasts are produced for the 27 April 2011 Alabama severe weather outbreak. Results indicate that the storm-scale ensembles are able to analyze the observed storms with strong low-level rotation at approximately the correct locations and to retain the supercell structures during the 0-1-h forecasts with reasonable accuracy. The system predicts the low-level mesocyclones of significant isolated tornadic supercells that align well with the locations of radar-derived rotation. For cases with multiple interacting storms in close proximity, the system tends to produce more variability in mesocyclone forecasts from one initialization time to the next until the observations show the dominance of one of the cells. The short-range ensemble probabilistic forecasts obtained from this continuous 5-min storm-scale 6-h-long update system demonstrate the potential of a frequently updated, high-resolution NWP system that could be used to extend severe weather warning lead times. This study also demonstrates the challenges associated with developing a WoF-type system. The results motivate future work to reduce model errors associated with storm motion and spurious cells, and to design storm-scale ensembles that better represent typical 1-h forecast errors. C1 [Yussouf, Nusrat; Knopfmeier, Kent H.; Wheatley, Dustan M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yussouf, Nusrat; Wicker, Louis J.; Knopfmeier, Kent H.; Wheatley, Dustan M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Dowell, David C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Yussouf, N (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM nusrat.yussouf@noaa.gov RI Dowell, David/E-7855-2015 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX Thanks to Chris Karstens for helping with the WSR-88D radar data quality control. The computing for this project was performed at the University of Oklahoma (OU) Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER). Thanks to Carrie Langston for the NMQ reflectivity data. The authors also would like to thank WRF Help at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for their user support and staff from the Data Assimilation Research Section (DAReS), particularly Glen Romine, who developed earlier prototype WRF-DART ensemble systems and provided comments on this work. The constructive comments of three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Local computer assistance is provided by Brett Morrow, Steven Fletcher, Brad Swagowitz, and Karen Cooper. Partial funding for this research was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 77 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 143 IS 8 BP 3044 EP 3066 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00268.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9EZ UT WOS:000359476900004 ER PT J AU Sobash, RA Wicker, LJ AF Sobash, Ryan A. Wicker, Louis J. TI On the Impact of Additive Noise in Storm-Scale EnKF Experiments SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; DATA ASSIMILATION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; FORECAST ERROR; SUPERCELL; DOPPLER; SYSTEM; OKLAHOMA; MODEL; WIND AB Storm-scale ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) studies routinely use methods to accelerate the spinup of convective structures when assimilating convective-scale radar observations. This typically involves adding coherent perturbations into analyses at regular intervals in regions where radar observations indicate convection is ongoing. Significant uncertainty remains as to the most effective use of these perturbations, including appropriate perturbation magnitudes, spatial scales, fields, and smoothing kernels, as well as flexible strategies that can be applied across a spectrum of convective events with negligible a priori tuning. Here, several idealized experiments were performed to elucidate the impact and sensitivity of adding coherent perturbations into storm-scale analyses of convection. Through the use of toy experiments, it is demonstrated that various factors exhibit substantial influence on the postsmoothed perturbation magnitudes, making tuning challenging. Several OSSEs were performed to document the impact of these perturbations on the analyses, particularly thermodynamic analyses within convection. The repeated addition of coherent perturbations produced temperature and moisture biases that are most pronounced in analyses of the surface cold pool and aloft near the tropopause, and eventually lead to biases in the dynamic fields. In an attempt to reduce these biases and make the noise procedure more adaptive, reflectivity innovations were used to restrict the addition of noise to areas where these innovations are large. This produced analyses with reduced thermodynamic biases and RMSE values comparable to the best-performing experiment where the noise magnitudes were manually adjusted. The impact of these findings on previous and future convective-scale EnKF analyses and forecasts are discussed. C1 [Sobash, Ryan A.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Sobash, Ryan A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Sobash, RA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, MMM, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM sobash@ucar.edu FU Warn-on-Forecast project; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX Funding for this work was provided by the Warn-on-Forecast project by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. Discussions with David Dowell, Glen Romine, Jeff Anderson, Dave Stensrud, Chris Kerr, and Kent Knopfmeier improved various aspects of the work. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 143 IS 8 BP 3067 EP 3086 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00323.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9EZ UT WOS:000359476900005 ER PT J AU Johnson, A Wang, XG Carley, JR Wicker, LJ Karstens, C AF Johnson, Aaron Wang, Xuguang Carley, Jacob R. Wicker, Louis J. Karstens, Christopher TI A Comparison of Multiscale GSI-Based EnKF and 3DVar Data Assimilation Using Radar and Conventional Observations for Midlatitude Convective-Scale Precipitation Forecasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; REFLECTIVITY DATA; SYSTEM; MODEL; MESOSCALE; DOPPLER; RESOLUTION; OKLAHOMA; IMPACT AB A GSI-based data assimilation (DA) system, including three-dimensional variational assimilation (3DVar) and ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), is extended to the multiscale assimilation of both meso- and synoptic-scale observation networks and convective-scale radar reflectivity and velocity observations. EnKF and 3DVar are systematically compared in this multiscale context to better understand the impacts of differences between the DA techniques on the analyses at multiple scales and the subsequent convective-scale precipitation forecasts. Averaged over 10 diverse cases, 8-h precipitation forecasts initialized using GSI-based EnKF are more skillful than those using GSI-based 3DVar, both with and without storm-scale radar DA. The advantage from radar DA persists for ~5 h using EnKF, but only ~1 h using 3DVar. A case study of an upscale growing MCS is also examined. The better EnKF-initialized forecast is attributed to more accurate analyses of both the mesoscale environment and the storm-scale features. The mesoscale location and structure of a warm front is more accurately analyzed using EnKF than 3DVar. Furthermore, storms in the EnKF multiscale analysis are maintained during the subsequent forecast period. However, storms in the 3DVar multiscale analysis are not maintained and generate excessive cold pools. Therefore, while the EnKF forecast with radar DA remains better than the forecast without radar DA throughout the forecast period, the 3DVar forecast quality is degraded by radar DA after the first hour. Diagnostics revealed that the inferior analysis at mesoscales and storm scales for the 3DVar is primarily attributed to the lack of flow dependence and cross-variable correlation, respectively, in the 3DVar static background error covariance. C1 [Johnson, Aaron; Wang, Xuguang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Johnson, Aaron; Karstens, Christopher] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Johnson, Aaron] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Carley, Jacob R.] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Carley, Jacob R.] NOAA NWS NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Wang, XG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM xuguang.wang@ou.edu RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013 FU NSF [AGS-1046081, AGS-1359703]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; National Science Foundation [ACI-1053575] FX The work is primarily supported by NSF Awards AGS-1046081 and AGS-1359703. Radar data QC developed by Chris Karstens, fifth author of the paper, was supported by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. Some of the computing for this project was performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) at the University of Oklahoma (OU). David Akin, Senior System Administrator at OSCER, provided valuable contributions to debugging and running some of the software on OSCER machines. This work also used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant ACI-1053575. NR 84 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 143 IS 8 BP 3087 EP 3108 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00345.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9EZ UT WOS:000359476900006 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Nolan, DS Rogers, RF Tallapragada, V AF Zhang, Jun A. Nolan, David S. Rogers, Robert F. Tallapragada, Vijay TI Evaluating the Impact of Improvements in the Boundary Layer Parameterization on Hurricane Intensity and Structure Forecasts in HWRF SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; TROPICAL-CYCLONE INTENSIFICATION; SURFACE EXCHANGE COEFFICIENTS; HEIGHT-RESOLVING MODELS; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; SAHARAN AIR LAYER; PART I; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; INNER-CORE; WARM-CORE AB As part of the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP), recent boundary layer physics upgrades in the operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model have benefited from analyses of in situ aircraft observations in the low-level eyewall region of major hurricanes. This study evaluates the impact of these improvements to the vertical diffusion in the boundary layer on the simulated track, intensity, and structure of four hurricanes using retrospective HWRF forecasts. Structural metrics developed from observational composites are used in the model evaluation process. The results show improvements in track and intensity forecasts in response to the improvement of the vertical diffusion. The results also demonstrate substantial improvements in the simulated storm size, surface inflow angle, near-surface wind profile, and kinematic boundary layer heights in simulations with the improved physics, while only minor improvements are found in the thermodynamic boundary layer height, eyewall slope, and the distributions of vertical velocities in the eyewall. Other structural metrics such as warm core anomaly and warm core height are also explored. Reasons for the structural differences between the two sets of forecasts with different physics are discussed. This work further emphasizes the importance of aircraft observations in model diagnostics and development, endorsing a developmental framework for improving physical parameterizations in hurricane models. C1 [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Nolan, David S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.; Rogers, Robert F.] NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Tallapragada, Vijay] NOAA NWS NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jun.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013 FU NOAA [NA12NWS4680004] FX This work was supported by funding from NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) with Award NA12NWS4680004. We thank Dr. Jeff Kepert and two anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped improve our paper. We acknowledge John Kaplan for providing comments to the early version of the paper to help improve the paper. We thank EMC and HRD HWRF team members for their efforts on continuously developing the HWRF model. In particular, we want to thank Young Kwon and Weiguo Wang for providing the HWRF forecasts on jets, and Thiago Quirino for his assistance in acquiring the HWRF forecasts. We also appreciate the help from Sim Aberson for the track and intensity error analysis. We want to thank scientists, researchers, and P3 aircraft crew members who contributed to HRD's field programs and helped in collecting and documenting the observational data used in this work, especially, Sylvie Lorsolo, Paul Reasor, and Eric Uhlhorn. We are also grateful to Altug Aksoy and Frank Marks for valuable discussions. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 143 IS 8 BP 3136 EP 3155 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00339.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9EZ UT WOS:000359476900008 ER PT J AU Wang, WQ Kumar, A Fu, JX Hung, MP AF Wang, Wanqiu Kumar, Arun Fu, Joshua Xiouhua Hung, Meng-Pai TI What is the Role of the Sea Surface Temperature Uncertainty in the Prediction of Tropical Convection Associated with the MJO? SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; SYSTEM VERSION 2; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; FORECAST SYSTEM; ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; CLIMATE MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; VARIABILITY; PREDICTABILITY AB This study investigated the influence of the uncertainty in the sea surface temperature (SST) on the representation of the intraseasonal rainfall variability associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) and how this influence varies with convection parameterization. The study was motivated by the fact that there exist substantial differences in observational SST analyses, and by the possibility that lacking sufficient accuracy for SSTs in dynamical models may degrade the MJO simulation and prediction. Experiments for the DYNAMO intensive observing period were carried out using the NCEP atmospheric Global Forecast System (GFS) with three convection schemes forced by three SST specifications. The SST specifications included the widely used National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) daily SST analysis, the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) SST retrieval, and an SST climatology that only contains climatological seasonal cycle. The experiments show that for all convection schemes, the advantage of using observed (TMI and NCDC) SSTs over the climatology SSTs can be seen as early as 5 days to 1 week after the start of the forecast. Further, the prediction with TMI SSTs was more skillful than that with the NCDC SSTs, indicating that the current level of SST uncertainties in the observational analyses can lead to large differences when they are used as the lower boundary conditions. The results suggest that the simulation and prediction can be improved with an atmosphere-only model forced by more accurate SSTs, or with a coupled atmosphere-ocean model that has a more realistic representation of the SST variability. Differences in the prediction among the convection schemes are also presented and discussed. C1 [Wang, Wanqiu; Kumar, Arun] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Fu, Joshua Xiouhua] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hung, Meng-Pai] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Wang, WQ (reprint author), 5830 Univ Res Court, NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, Room 3004, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wanqiu.wang@noaa.gov FU Earth System Science Organization, Ministry of Earth Sciences, government of India under Monsoon Mission FX We greatly appreciate the helpful internal reviews by Drs. Q. Zhang and Z.-Z. Hu. The authors also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. Meng-Pai Hung gratefully acknowledges the financial support given by the Earth System Science Organization, Ministry of Earth Sciences, government of India, to conduct this research under the Monsoon Mission. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 143 IS 8 BP 3156 EP 3175 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00385.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9EZ UT WOS:000359476900009 ER PT J AU Zhu, JS Kumar, A Wang, H Huang, BH AF Zhu, Jieshun Kumar, Arun Wang, Hui Huang, Bohua TI Sea Surface Temperature Predictions in NCEP CFSv2 Using a Simple Ocean Initialization Scheme SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; VERSION 2; EL-NINO; ENSO PREDICTION; COUPLED OAGCM; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; DATA ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; ENSEMBLE SIZE AB In contrast to operational climate predictions based on sophisticated ocean data assimilation schemes at the National Centers for Environmental Predictions (NCEP), this study applied a simple ocean initialization scheme to the NCEP latest seasonal prediction model, the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2). In the scheme, sea surface temperature (SST) was the only observed information applied to derive ocean initial states. The physical basis for the method is that, through air-sea coupling, SST is capable of reproducing some observed features of ocean evolutions by forcing the atmospheric winds. SST predictions based on the scheme are compared against hindcasts from the National (lately North American) Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) project. It was found that due to substantial biases in the tropical eastern Pacific in the ocean initial conditions produced by SST assimilation, ENSO SST predictions were not as good as those with sophisticated initialization schemes (e.g., hindcasts in the NMME project). However, in other basins, SST predictions based on a simple ocean initialization procedure were not worse (sometimes even better) than those with sophisticated initialization schemes. These comparisons indicate that it was helpful that subsurface ocean information be assimilated to improve the tropical Pacific SST predictions, while SST-based ocean assimilation was an effective way to enhance SST prediction capability in other ocean basins. By examining multimodel ensembles with the simple scheme-based hindcasts either included or excluded in NMME, it is also suggested that including the hindcast would generally benefit multimodel ensemble forecasts. In addition, possible ways to further improve ENSO SST predictions with the simple initialization scheme are also discussed. C1 [Zhu, Jieshun; Kumar, Arun; Wang, Hui] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Zhu, Jieshun; Wang, Hui] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Zhu, JS (reprint author), 5830 Univ Res Court, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jieshun.zhu@noaa.gov OI Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office, Climate Observation Division; NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX We thank NOAA's Climate Program Office, Climate Observation Division for their support. B. Huang is supported by grants from NSF (Grant ATM-0830068), NOAA(Grant NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (Grant NNX09AN50G). NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 143 IS 8 BP 3176 EP 3191 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00297.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9EZ UT WOS:000359476900010 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Chen, MY AF Kumar, Arun Chen, Mingyue TI Inherent Predictability, Requirements on the Ensemble Size, and Complementarity SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; SEASONAL FORECASTS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; VERSION 2; PREDICTION; CALIBRATION; UNCERTAINTY; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; WEATHER AB Faced with the scenario when prediction skill is low, particularly in conjunction with long-range predictions, a commonly proposed solution is that an increase in ensemble size will rectify the issue of low skill. Although it is well known that an increase in ensemble size does lead to an increase in prediction skill, the general scope of this supposition, however, is that low prediction skill is not a consequence of constraints imposed by inherent predictability limits, but an artifact of small ensemble sizes, and further, increases in ensemble sizes (that are often limited by computational resources) are the major bottlenecks for improving long-range predictions. In proposing that larger ensemble sizes will remedy the issue of low skill, a fact that is not well appreciated is that for scenarios with high inherent predictability, a small ensemble size is sufficient to realize high predictability, while for scenarios with low inherent predictability, much larger ensemble sizes are needed to realize low predictability. In other words, requirements on ensemble size (to realize the inherent predictability) and inherent predictability are complementary variables. A perceived need for larger ensembles, therefore, may also imply the presence of low predictability. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Chen, Mingyue] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), 5830 Univ Res Court, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 143 IS 8 BP 3192 EP 3203 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0022.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9EZ UT WOS:000359476900011 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Chen, MY Xue, Y Behringer, D AF Kumar, Arun Chen, Mingyue Xue, Yan Behringer, David TI An Analysis of the Temporal Evolution of ENSO Prediction Skill in the Context of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Observing System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; SEASONAL PREDICTION; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; UNCERTAINTY; FORECASTS; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; OSCILLATION AB Subsurface ocean observations in the equatorial tropical Pacific Ocean dramatically increased after the 1990s because of the completion of the TAO moored array and a steady increase in Argo floats. In this analysis the question explored is whether a steady increase in ocean observations can be discerned in improvements in skill of predicting sea surface temperature (SST) variability associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)? The analysis is based on the time evolution of skill of sea surface temperatures in the equatorial tropical Pacific since 1982 based on a seasonal prediction system. It is found that for forecasts up to a 6-month lead time, a clear fingerprint of increases in subsurface ocean observations is not readily apparent in the time evolution of prediction skill that is dominated much more by the signal-to-noise consideration of SSTs to be predicted. Finding no clear relationship between an increase in ocean observations and prediction skill of SSTs, various possibilities for why it may be so are discussed. This discussion is to motivate further exploration on the question of the tropical Pacific observing system, its influence on the skill of ENSO prediction, and the capabilities of the current generation of coupled models and ocean data assimilation systems to take advantage of ocean observations. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Chen, Mingyue; Xue, Yan] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Behringer, David] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 143 IS 8 BP 3204 EP 3213 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0035.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9EZ UT WOS:000359476900012 ER PT J AU Kruk, MC Hilburn, K Marra, JJ AF Kruk, Michael C. Hilburn, Kyle Marra, John J. TI Using Microwave Satellite Data to Assess Changes in Storminess over the Pacific Ocean SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; WATER-VAPOR; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; ALGORITHM; FREQUENCY; PRODUCTS; GEOSAT; WIND AB This study analyzes 25 years of Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) retrievals of rain rate and wind speed to assess changes in storminess over the open water of the Pacific Ocean. Changes in storminess are characterized by combining trends in both the statistically derived 95th percentile exceedance frequencies of rain rate and wind speed (i.e., extremes). Storminess is computed annually and seasonally, with further partitioning done by phase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) index. Overall, rain-rate exceedance frequencies of 6-8 mm h(-1) cover most of the western and central tropical Pacific, with higher values present around the Philippines, Japan, Mexico, and the northwest coast of Australia. Wind speed exceedance frequencies are a strong function of latitude, with values less (greater) than 12 m s(-1) equatorward (poleward) of 30 degrees N/S. Statistically significant increasing trends in rain rate were found in the western tropical Pacific near the Caroline Islands and the Solomon Islands, and in the extratropics from the Aleutian Islands down the coast along British Columbia and Washington State. Statistically significant increasing trends in wind speed are present in the equatorial central Pacific near Kiribati and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and in the extratropics along the west coast of the United States and Canada. Thus, while extreme rain and winds are both increasing across large areas of the Pacific, these areas are modulated according to the phase of ENSO and the PDO, and their intersection takes aim at specific locations. C1 [Kruk, Michael C.] ERT Inc, Asheville, NC USA. [Hilburn, Kyle] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Marra, John J.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Kruk, MC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM michael.kruk@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 143 IS 8 BP 3214 EP 3229 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00280.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9EZ UT WOS:000359476900013 ER PT J AU Hamill, TM Scheuerer, M Bates, GT AF Hamill, Thomas M. Scheuerer, Michael Bates, Gary T. TI Analog Probabilistic Precipitation Forecasts Using GEFS Reforecasts and Climatology-Calibrated Precipitation Analyses* SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; PREDICTION SYSTEMS; SKILL AB Analog postprocessing methods have previously been applied using precipitation reforecasts and analyses to improve probabilistic forecast skill and reliability. A modification to a previously documented analog procedure is described here that produces highly skillful, statistically reliable precipitation forecast guidance at [GRAPHICS] degrees grid spacing. These experimental probabilistic forecast products are available via the web in near-real time. The main changes to the previously documented analog algorithm were as follows: (i) use of a shorter duration (2002-13), but smaller grid spacing, higher-quality time series of precipitation analyses for training and forecast verification (i.e., the Climatology-Calibrated Precipitation Analysis); (ii) increased training sample size using data from 19 supplemental locations, chosen for their similar precipitation analysis climatologies and terrain characteristics; (iii) selection of analog dates for a particular grid point based on the similarity of forecast characteristics at that grid point rather than similarity in a neighborhood around that grid point; (iv) using an analog rather than a rank-analog approach; (v) varying the number of analogs used to estimate probabilities from a smaller number (50) for shorter-lead forecasts to a larger number (200) for longer-lead events; and (vi) spatial Savitzky-Golay smoothing of the probability fields. Special procedures were also applied near coasts and country boundaries to deal with data unavailability outside of the United States while smoothing. The resulting forecasts are much more skillful and reliable than raw ensemble guidance across a range of event thresholds. The forecasts are not nearly as sharp, however. The use of the supplemental locations is shown to especially improve the skill of short-term forecasts during the winter. C1 [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Scheuerer, Michael; Bates, Gary T.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R-PSD 1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov RI Scheuerer, Michael/D-5472-2015 OI Scheuerer, Michael/0000-0003-4540-9478 FU NOAA U.S. Weather Program; National Weather Service Sandy Supplemental project FX This research was supported by a NOAA U.S. Weather Program grant as well as funding from the National Weather Service Sandy Supplemental project. The reforecast dataset was computed at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Energy Research Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science user facility. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 143 IS 8 BP 3300 EP 3309 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0004.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9EZ UT WOS:000359476900018 ER PT J AU Lecocq, F Teufel, JD Aumentado, J Simmonds, RW AF Lecocq, F. Teufel, J. D. Aumentado, J. Simmonds, R. W. TI Resolving the vacuum fluctuations of an optomechanical system using an artificial atom SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; MECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; MICROWAVE FIELDS; TRAPPED ATOM; CAVITY; RESONATOR; CIRCUIT; ELECTRODYNAMICS; GENERATION; PHOTON AB Heisenberg's uncertainty principle results in one of the strangest quantum behaviours: a mechanical oscillator can never truly be at rest. Even at a temperature of absolute zero, its position and momentum are still subject to quantum fluctuations(1,2). However, direct energy detection of the oscillator in its ground state makes it seem motionless(1,3), and in linear position measurements detector noise can masquerade as mechanical fluctuations(4-7). Thus, how can we resolve quantum fluctuations? Here, we parametrically couple a micromechanical oscillator to a microwave cavity to prepare the system in its quantum ground state(8,9) and then amplify the remaining vacuum fluctuations into real energy quanta(10). We monitor the photon/phonon-number distributions using a superconducting qubit(11-13), allowing us to resolve the quantum vacuum fluctuations of the macroscopic oscillator's motion. Our results further demonstrate the ability to control a long-lived mechanical oscillator using a non-Gaussian resource, directly enabling applications in quantum information processing and enhanced detection of displacement and forces. C1 [Lecocq, F.; Teufel, J. D.; Aumentado, J.; Simmonds, R. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lecocq, F (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM florent.lecocq@nist.gov RI Teufel, John/A-8898-2010; Lecocq, Florent/A-9613-2015; Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009 OI Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941; Lecocq, Florent/0000-0002-3950-0024; Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466 FU NIST Quantum Information Program FX We thank A. W. Sanders for taking the micrographs in Fig. 1b,c. This work was supported by the NIST Quantum Information Program. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 11 IS 8 BP 635 EP 639 DI 10.1038/NPHYS3365 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CO0OQ UT WOS:000358851900014 ER PT J AU Jansen, MF Adcroft, AJ Hallberg, R Held, IM AF Jansen, Malte F. Adcroft, Alistair J. Hallberg, Robert Held, Isaac M. TI Parameterization of eddy fluxes based on a mesoscale energy budget SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Eddy parameterization; Eddy kinetic energy; Eddy diffusivity; Mesoscale; Bottom How; Rhines scale ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; KINETIC-ENERGY; BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; INVERSE CASCADE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; 2-LAYER MODEL; MEAN FLOW; EDDIES AB It has recently been proposed to formulate eddy diffusivities in ocean models based on a mesoscale eddy kinetic energy (EKE) budget. Given an appropriate length scale, the mesoscale EKE can be used to estimate an eddy diffusivity based on mixing length theory. This paper discusses some of the open questions associated with the formulation of an EKE budget and mixing length, and proposes an improved energy budget-based parameterization for the mesoscale eddy diffusivity. A series of numerical simulations is performed, using an idealized flat-bottomed beta-plane channel configuration with quadratic bottom drag. The results stress the importance of the mixing length formulation, as well as the formulation for the bottom signature of the mesoscale EKE, which is important in determining the rate of EKE dissipation. In the limit of vanishing planetary vorticity gradient, the mixing length is ultimately controlled by bottom drag, though the frictional arrest scale predicted by barotropic turbulence theory needs to be modified to account for the effects of baroclinicity. Any significant planetary vorticity gradient, beta, is shown to suppress mixing, and limit the effective mixing length to the Rhines scale. While the EKE remains moderated by bottom friction, the bottom signature of EKE is shown to decrease as the appropriately non-dimensionalized friction increases, which considerably weakens the impact of changes in the bottom friction compared to barotropic turbulence. For moderate changes in the bottom-friction, eddy fluxes are thus reasonably well approximated by the scaling relation proposed by Held and Larichev (1996), which ignores the effect of bottom friction. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jansen, Malte F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Jansen, Malte F.; Adcroft, Alistair J.; Hallberg, Robert; Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Jansen, Malte F.; Adcroft, Alistair J.; Hallberg, Robert; Held, Isaac M.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Jansen, MF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM mfj@uchicago.edu RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010 OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017 FU NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752, NA14OAR4320106] FX We would like to thank Stephen Griffies, Adele Morrison, David Marshall and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments, which helped to improve of the manuscript. M.F.J. acknowledges funding from a NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, A.J.A. was supported under awards NA08OAR4320752 and NA14OAR4320106 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 92 BP 28 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.05.007 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CN9WI UT WOS:000358800800003 ER PT J AU Portilla, J Caicedo, AL Padilla-Hernandez, R Cavaleri, L AF Portilla, Jesus Lucia Caicedo, Ana Padilla-Hernandez, Roberto Cavaleri, Luigi TI Spectral wave conditions in the Colombian Pacific Ocean SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Colombian Pacific Ocean; Spectral wave climate; Triaxys buoy; ECMWE; ERA-Interim; Spectral partitioning ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; CENTRAL-AMERICA; WIND JETS; PART I; CLIMATE; COAST; SEA AB A comprehensive characterization of the wave conditions in the Colombian Pacific based on wave spectra is presented. The spectral approach offers a detailed description of the different wave regimes, their associated meteorological conditions and their variation in time and geographical space. To this end, two complementary data sources are used, the first is representative for the near-shore zone and comes from observations of the local monitoring network. The second comes from numerical wave model results that cover the open ocean. The measured data used are the first systematically collected spectral wave data in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific. Modelled spectra correspond to the ERA-Interim database of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts that spans 35 years. An indicator for statistical analysis of the wave spectra has been introduced which basically consists of the occurrence probability of spectral partitions. This indicator has proved to be skilful for the task of defining spectral wave systems of both model and, the more challenging, measured spectra. Following the spectral approach and using this new indicator, six main wave regimes are found in the study area. Two of these systems have well defined swell characteristics that are originated outside the study area in the northern and southern hemispheres. Other three wave systems are to a certain extent associated to the local winds, and in general may be classified as old wind seas. These are found to flow northeastwards, westwards, and southwards. The sixth system is composed of locally generated wind waves of relatively low magnitude that propagate in several directions. The time variability of these wave systems is highly dependent on the boreal and austral winter storms and on the tropical conditions, in such a way that the wave energy propagation to the region is rather constant along the year, but their origin and characteristics vary significantly. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Portilla, Jesus] USFQ, Quito, Ecuador. [Portilla, Jesus] Escuela Polit Nacl, Quito, Ecuador. [Lucia Caicedo, Ana] Ctr Invest Oceanog & Hidrog Pacifico DIMAR CCCP, Direcc Gen Maritima Colombia, Capitania De Puerto San, Narino, Colombia. [Padilla-Hernandez, Roberto] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NOAA EMC NCEP MMAB, NOAA Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, IMSG, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Cavaleri, Luigi] ISMAR CNR, Ist Sci Marine, I-30122 Venice, Italy. RP Portilla, J (reprint author), USFQ, Av Diego Robles & Via Interocean, Quito, Ecuador. EM jportilia@ymail.com OI Cavaleri, Luigi/0000-0003-0360-2077 FU EU [SPA.2011.5-03] FX The development of this study has been possible with the support of many people and institutions. We are particularly grateful to Direccibn General Mariam de Colombia, and Centro de Investigaciones Oceanograficas e Hidrograficas del Pacifico (DIMAR-CCCP), especially to its director Captain Jose Manuel Plazas Moreno for all the institutional and technical support. This study has been funded in the framework of the project ImplementaciOn operacional del sistema de modelarniento hidrodinamico y de oleaje para la Cuenca Pacifica Colombiana. The observed buoy data have been collected and delivered in the framework of the project Sistema de MediciOn de Ford metros Oceanogroficos y de Meteorologia Marina (SMPOM) also executed by DIMAR-CCCP. The model data derive from the archive of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, for which we very much acknowledge the valuable support of Luciana Bertotti. We also express our gratitude to the colleagues from the operational oceanography department at DIMAR-CCCP, especially to Javier Enrique Gomez Torres, Jesfis Pefiaranda, and Ricardo Romero for their help with data processing and analysis. The contributions of Jeison Sosa and Sadid Latandret in related works are also very much appreciated. Special thanks are also expressed to Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), and particularly to Diego Quiroga and Cesar Zambrano. We are also obliged to Universidad Tecnologica de Bolivar (Cartagena) for the institutional and administrative support, and to Ricardo Torres Parra (DIMAR) and Rodny Martinez (Centro Internacional para la InvestigaciOn del FenOrneno del Nino) to help promote the present study. We arc also very much thankful to the anonymous reviewers whose dedicated comments contributed to improve the final manuscript. Luigi Cavaleri took part to this study as part of the EU funded MyWave project, Theme (SPA.2011.5-03). NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 92 BP 149 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.06.005 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CN9WI UT WOS:000358800800011 ER PT J AU Carruthers, TR Walter, JF McAllister, MK Bryan, MD AF Carruthers, Thomas R. Walter, John F. McAllister, Murdoch K. Bryan, Meaghan D. TI Modelling age-dependent movement: an application to red and gag groupers in the Gulf of Mexico SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; MYCTEROPERCA-MICROLEPIS; REEF FISH; MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES; BERING-SEA; FISHERIES; EXPERIENCES; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; SHELF AB We develop and test spatial population dynamics models that estimate age-dependent offshore movement of fish populations from spatial fishery data. Spatially aggregated population dynamics models produced biased estimates of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) reference points when spatial dynamics were simulated. Spatial population dynamics models provided relatively unbiased estimates of MSY reference points regardless of whether spatial dynamics were simulated. We demonstrate that by using conventional fishery data that are disaggregated spatially, it is possible to estimate movement with age and obtain more accurate estimates of management reference points. The new spatial models were fitted to data for Gulf of Mexico red grouper (Epinephelus morio) and gag grouper (Mycteroperca microlepis) to estimate spatial distribution and offshore movement with age. Offshore ontogeny was estimated to be stronger for gag grouper than red grouper and predicted a larger fraction of older gag grouper in deeper waters. C1 [Carruthers, Thomas R.; McAllister, Murdoch K.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, AERL, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Walter, John F.; Bryan, Meaghan D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Carruthers, TR (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM t.carruthers@fisheries.ubc.ca FU Environmental Defense Fund FX TRC is grateful for the support of the Environmental Defense Fund, which provided a grant to The University of British Columbia to support this work in 2008. Many thanks are extended to Jakob Tetzlaff, Dave Chagaris, and Marc Mangel for their helpful comments. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 19 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1159 EP 1176 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0471 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN7IT UT WOS:000358608600004 ER PT J AU Gimbutas, Z Greengard, L AF Gimbutas, Zydrunas Greengard, Leslie TI Simple FMM Libraries for Electrostatics, Slow Viscous Flow, and Frequency-Domain Wave Propagation SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Fast multipole method; Laplace equation; Helmholtz equation; Stokes equation; layer potentials; projection-based point and shoot translation operators ID FAST MULTIPOLE METHOD; 3 DIMENSIONS; HELMHOLTZ-EQUATION; STOKES EQUATIONS; SCATTERING; ALGORITHM AB We have developed easy to use fast multipole method (FMM) libraries for the Laplace, low-frequency Helmholtz, and Stokes equations in two and three dimensions. The codes are based on a new method for applying translation operators and provide reasonable performance on either single core processors, or small multi-core systems using OpenMP. C1 [Gimbutas, Zydrunas] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Greengard, Leslie] Simons Fdn, Simons Ctr Data Anal, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Greengard, Leslie] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Gimbutas, Z (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop 891-01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM zydrunas.gimbutas@nist.gov; greengard@cims.nyu.edu FU Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, AFOSR under NSSEFF Program [FA9550-10-1-0180]; National Science Foundation [DMS-0934733]; Meyer Sound Laboratories; Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering; AFOSR under NSSEFF Program [FA9550-10-1-0180]; Applied Mathematical Sciences Program of the U.S. Department of Energy [DEFGO288ER25053] FX The work of Zydrunas Gimbutas was supported in part by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, AFOSR under NSSEFF Program Award FA9550-10-1-0180, by the National Science Foundation under grant DMS-0934733, and by a research grant from Meyer Sound Laboratories. Contributions by staff of NIST, an agency of the U.S. Government, are not subject to copyright within the United States. Any mention of commercial products or reference to commercial organizations is for information only; it does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST.; The work of Leslie Greengard was supported in part by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and AFOSR under NSSEFF Program Award FA9550-10-1-0180, by the National Science Foundation under grant DMS-0934733, and by the Applied Mathematical Sciences Program of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DEFGO288ER25053. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 3208, CENTRAL PLAZA, 18 HARBOUR RD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 EI 1991-7120 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 18 IS 2 BP 516 EP 528 DI 10.4208/cicp.150215.260615sw PG 13 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA CN9SE UT WOS:000358788500011 ER PT J AU Di Prinzio, CY Rossi, CR Ciancio, J Garza, JC Casaux, R AF Yanina Di Prinzio, Cecilia Riva Rossi, Carla Ciancio, Javier Garza, John Carlos Casaux, Ricardo TI Disentangling the contributions of ocean ranching and net-pen aquaculture in the successful establishment of Chinook salmon in a Patagonian basin SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; Potential origin; Pacific slope basin of Patagonia ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; GENETIC STOCK IDENTIFICATION; SOUTHERN SOUTH-AMERICA; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; BERING-SEA; INVASION; CHILE AB The presence of Chinook salmon in Patagonia is an example of a successful invasion by a Pacific salmon species. The combination of historical records and genetic data can help to determine the origin of invasive / introduced species and allow the identification of the sources and dispersal process. We analyzed the genetic structure of Chinook salmon in the FutaleufA(0) River (Pacific slope basin of Patagonia) using single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes and a recently described baseline dataset of native North American Chinook salmon populations. Our results revealed that Chinook salmon established in the FutaleufA(0) River have high levels of within-population genetic diversity compared with populations from across the native range. Based on genetic similarity and historical reports, our results indicate that the FutaleufA(0) population was first established by colonizing fish derived from the Lower Columbia River Basin, imported into Chile for ocean ranching purposes during the 1970s and 1980s, and afterward it was strongly supplemented by escaped fish from net pen aquaculture that used broodstock imported during the 1990s from various sources, including the California Central Valley (via New Zealand), the Middle Oregon Coast, and Vancouver Island. The higher incidence of fish derived from the most recent introductions in our sample suggest that the contribution of escaped salmon from these posterior stockings on establishment success must have been particularly strong because included different sources. Subsequent admixture and hybridization among these multiple independent source stocks is likely responsible for the high level of standing genetic variation, which may be facilitating local adaptation and augmenting the opportunity for successful invasion and further colonization. C1 [Yanina Di Prinzio, Cecilia; Casaux, Ricardo] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, CIEMEP, RA-9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina. [Riva Rossi, Carla; Ciancio, Javier] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Nacl Patagon, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Di Prinzio, CY (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, CIEMEP, Sarmiento 890, RA-9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina. EM cydiprinzio@yahoo.com.ar FU Ministerio de Medio Ambiente de Chubut; National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) FX This work has been supported in part by the Ministerio de Medio Ambiente de Chubut and National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET). We would like to thank Martin Nunez and Anthony Clemento for their comments and Eduardo Aedo. We thank A. Clemento, E. Crandall and E. Gilbert-Horvath for assistance with laboratory analyses. Special thanks to H. Thomas, L. Zapata, M. Rivadeneira and W. Cerda for fieldtrip assistance. Thanks to anonymous reviewers for valuable comments that greatly improved the manuscript. This is Scientific Contribution no 114 from LIESA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 2015 VL 98 IS 9 BP 1987 EP 1997 DI 10.1007/s10641-015-0418-0 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN7FY UT WOS:000358600900001 ER PT J AU Lu, P Wu, HB Qiao, G Li, WY Scaioni, M Feng, TT Liu, SJ Chen, W Li, N Liu, C Tong, XH Hong, Y Li, RX AF Lu, Ping Wu, Hangbin Qiao, Gang Li, Weiyue Scaioni, Marco Feng, Tiantian Liu, Shijie Chen, Wen Li, Nan Liu, Chun Tong, Xiaohua Hong, Yang Li, Rongxing TI Model test study on monitoring dynamic process of slope failure through spatial sensor network SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Spatial sensor network; Landslide; Model test; Real-time monitoring; Wireless communication; Remote sensing ID LANDSLIDE RISK-ASSESSMENT; MANAGEMENT; DEPLOYMENT; FREQUENCY; CHINA AB Landslides represent a major type of natural hazards worldwide. For development of risk mitigation capabilities, an effective system for monitoring dynamic process of slope failure, capable of gathering spatially distributed information before, during and after a landslide occurrence at real-time manner is essential. A spatial sensor network (SSN), which integrates the real-time communication infrastructure and observations from in situ sensors and remote sensing platforms, offers an efficient and effective approach for such purpose. In this paper, a SSN-based landslide monitoring system was designed and evaluated through a model test study conducted at Tongji University, China. This system, MUNOLD (MUlti-Sensor Network for Observing Landslide Disaster), has been designed as a comprehensive monitoring framework, including sensor observations, multi-channel wireless communication, remote data storage, visualization, data processing and data analysis. In this model test study, initial experimentation demonstrated the capabilities of the MUNOLD system for collecting real-time information about the dynamic process and propagation of slope failure. Innovatively, generated from the high-speed stereo images, the sequential surface deformation vector field can be created and may exhibit the dynamic process during the extremely critical and short period of the slope failure. After this model test study, the MUNOLD system is going to be further improved and extended in a landslide prone region in Sichuan Province, China. C1 [Lu, Ping; Wu, Hangbin; Qiao, Gang; Li, Weiyue; Scaioni, Marco; Feng, Tiantian; Liu, Shijie; Li, Nan; Liu, Chun; Tong, Xiaohua; Li, Rongxing] Tongji Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Sustainable Dev Applic, Coll Surveying & Geo Informat, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Chen, Wen] E China Normal Univ, Engn Ctr SHMEC Space Informat, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Chen, Wen] E China Normal Univ, GNSS, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK USA. RP Wu, HB (reprint author), Tongji Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Sustainable Dev Applic, Coll Surveying & Geo Informat, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. EM hb@tongji.edu.cn RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU 973 National Basic Research Program [2013CB733203, 2013CB733204]; 863 National High-Tech RD Program [2012AA121302]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41201424, 41171327, 41201380]; Tongji University FX This study was supported by the 973 National Basic Research Program (No. 2013CB733203 and No. 2013CB733204), 863 National High-Tech R&D Program (No. 2012AA121302), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41201424, No. 41171327 and No. 41201380) and by 985 funds from Tongji University. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 EI 1866-6299 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 74 IS 4 BP 3315 EP 3332 DI 10.1007/s12665-015-4369-8 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA CN3JB UT WOS:000358320700041 ER PT J AU Kasperski, S AF Kasperski, Stephen TI Optimal Multi-species Harvesting in Ecologically and Economically Interdependent Fisheries SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Bioeconomic; Ecosystem-based management; Fishery; Multi-output; Multispecies ID SEEMINGLY UNRELATED REGRESSIONS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; MODEL; SYSTEM; DYNAMICS; ATLANTIC; BYCATCH; SINGLE AB Single-species management of multi-species fisheries ignores ecological interactions in addition to important economic interactions to the detriment of the health of the ecosystem, the stocks of fish species, and fishery profits. This study maximizes the net present value from a multi-species fishery where species interact ecologically in the ecosystem, and economically through vessels' multi-product harvesting technology, switching gear types, and interactions in output markets. Numerical optimization techniques are used to determine the optimal harvest quota of each species over time. This study highlights the need to incorporate both ecological and economic interactions that occur between species in an ecosystem. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kasperski, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Stephen.Kasperski@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service; National Sea Grant FX The author would like to thank Lars Olson, Richard Just, Ted McConnell, Doug Lipton, Wallace Oates, Erik Lichtenberg, Ron Felthoven, Michael Dalton, Benjamin Fissel, and participants at the 2010 International Institute for Fisheries Economics and Trade Biennial Meeting, 2010 Western Groundfish Conference, and the North American Association of Fisheries Economists Forum 2009. The author would also like to thank the National Marine Fisheries Service and National Sea Grant for providing fellowship funding that supported this research. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 EI 1573-1502 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 61 IS 4 BP 517 EP 557 DI 10.1007/s10640-014-9805-9 PG 41 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN8BV UT WOS:000358663100004 ER PT J AU Delahaye, F Kirstetter, PE Dubreuil, V Machado, LAT Vila, DA Clark, R AF Delahaye, Florian Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Dubreuil, Vincent Machado, Luiz A. T. Vila, Daniel A. Clark, Robert, III TI A consistent gauge database for daily rainfall analysis over the Legal Brazilian Amazon SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rainfall variability; Geostatistics; Rain gauge; Spatial structure; Legal Brazilian Amazon ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; BASIN; EXTREMES; CLIMATE; TRENDS; RADAR; CONVECTION AB Reliable precipitation information provided by rain gauge networks is invaluable for applications ranging from climatological studies to validation of remote sensing rainfall estimates. Daily precipitation data from 235 tipping bucket gauges in the Legal Brazilian Amazon are quality controlled for the period 1998-2009 by comparing precipitation time series from individual rain gauges with neighboring stations. Within a geostatistical framework, optimal distances for the comparison between stations are identified while considering the density of the network and the spatial structure of the precipitation. The number of rain gauges used as neighboring rain gauges varies between 2 and 57. Each gauge station is compared to nearby gauge stations using fourteen climate and statistical indicators. A proposed variability index allows for the detection of 'suspicious' precipitation data before more detailed analysis of the nature of the issue and the time period of concern in the time series. The internal consistency of the database is examined through the use of variograms and cross validation. The sensitivity of the effectiveness of the quality control procedure to the comparison distance is examined. These results are positive and this demonstrates that the spatial structure of daily rainfall is better sampled. The cross validation confirms that the quality control procedures improved the consistency of the database. Finally, the spatial consistency of the rainfall database is assessed through a classification of the seasonal regimes in the Legal Brazilian Amazon. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Delahaye, Florian; Dubreuil, Vincent] Univ Rennes 2, LETG Rennes COSTEL UMR CNRS 6554, F-35043 Rennes, France. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Delahaye, Florian; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Machado, Luiz A. T.; Vila, Daniel A.] Ctr Weather Forecast & Climate Studies CPTEC, Natl Inst Space Res INPE, BR-12630000 Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. [Clark, Robert, III] CIMMS, Norman, OK USA. [Clark, Robert, III] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol SoM, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Delahaye, F (reprint author), Univ Rennes 2, LETG Rennes COSTEL UMR CNRS 6554, Pl Recteur H Le Moal, F-35043 Rennes, France. EM contact@floriandelahaye.com RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Vila, Daniel/G-8379-2012 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Vila, Daniel/0000-0002-1015-5650 FU FAPESP Grant [2009/15235-8]; French National Research Agency (ANR) within the project Duramaz ('Analysis of sustainable development projects in Amazonia'); USP-COFECUB Project Uc Sh [131/11] FX The ground data was provided by the Agencia Nacional de Aguas; we are very much indebted to the crew that operated the ANA ground networks and processed the rain data. This research was supported by the (1) FAPESP Grant 2009/15235-8, (2) the French National Research Agency (ANR) within the project Duramaz ('Analysis of sustainable development projects in Amazonia'), (3) the USP-COFECUB Project Uc Sh 131/11 "Politiques publiques et Impacts des Changements climatiques a l'Echelle regionale & Locale sur les Espaces Fragiles". We thank David K. Adams for helping to proofread the manuscript. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 527 BP 292 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.04.012 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CN7QM UT WOS:000358629100026 ER PT J AU Xie, ZD Zhong, T Shrestha, S Xu, XA Liang, JL Gong, YX Bienfang, JC Restelli, A Shapiro, JH Wong, FNC Wong, CW AF Xie, Zhenda Zhong, Tian Shrestha, Sajan Xu, XinAn Liang, Junlin Gong, Yan-Xiao Bienfang, Joshua C. Restelli, Alessandro Shapiro, Jeffrey H. Wong, Franco N. C. Wong, Chee Wei TI Harnessing high-dimensional hyperentanglement through a biphoton frequency comb SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLEMENT; TIME; PHOTONS; INFORMATION; LIMIT AB Quantum entanglement is a fundamental resource for secure information processing and communications, and hyperentanglement or high-dimensional entanglement has been separately proposed for its high data capacity and error resilience. The continuous-variable nature of the energy-time entanglement makes it an ideal candidate for efficient high-dimensional coding with minimal limitations. Here, we demonstrate the first simultaneous high-dimensional hyperentanglement using a biphoton frequency comb to harness the full potential in both the energy and time domain. Long-postulated Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum revival is exhibited, with up to 19 time-bins and 96.5% visibilities. We further witness the high-dimensional energy-time entanglement through Franson revivals, observed periodically at integer timebins, with 97.8% visibility. This qudit state is observed to simultaneously violate the generalized Bell inequality by up to 10.95 standard deviations while observing recurrent Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt S-parameters up to 2.76. Our biphoton frequency comb provides a platform for photon-efficient quantum communications towards the ultimate channel capacity through energy-time-polarization high-dimensional encoding. C1 [Xie, Zhenda; Wong, Chee Wei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mesoscop Opt & Quantum Elect Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Xie, Zhenda; Shrestha, Sajan; Xu, XinAn; Liang, Junlin; Wong, Chee Wei] Columbia Univ, Opt Nanostruct Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Zhong, Tian; Shapiro, Jeffrey H.; Wong, Franco N. C.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gong, Yan-Xiao] Southeast Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Bienfang, Joshua C.; Restelli, Alessandro] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bienfang, Joshua C.; Restelli, Alessandro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xie, ZD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mesoscop Opt & Quantum Elect Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM zhenda@seas.ucla.edu; cheewei.wong@ucla.edu RI Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009; Wong, Chee Wei/E-9169-2017 OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171; FU InPho programme of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [W911NF-10-1-0416]; National Natural Science Foundations of China [11474050] FX The authors thank T. Pittman, J. Franson and D. Fields for assistance, and A. Kumar Vinod, Y. Li, J. Poekert, M. Itzler, P. Li, D. R. Englund and X. Hu for discussions. This work is supported by the InPho programme of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract no. W911NF-10-1-0416. Y.X.G. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (grant no. 11474050). NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 536 EP + DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2015.110 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA CN9AF UT WOS:000358737200017 ER PT J AU Castellote, M Brotons, JM Chicote, C Gazo, M Cerda, M AF Castellote, Manuel Maria Brotons, Jose Chicote, Carla Gazo, Manel Cerda, Margalida TI Long-term acoustic monitoring of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, in marine protected areas in the Spanish Mediterranean Sea SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE MPA; Marine reserve; Tursiops truncatus; T-POD; PAM; Recreational activities; Trawling ID PORPOISES PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA; HARBOR PORPOISES; ECHOLOCATION BEHAVIOR; BALEARIC ARCHIPELAGO; EASTERN COAST; CONSERVATION; CETACEANS; ABUNDANCE; MANAGEMENT AB The presence of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) was monitored with echolocation loggers (T-POD) for 12 months in seven Spanish Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas (MPA). Differences and particularities in dolphin seasonal occurrence and habitat use in each MPA are discussed. While bottlenose dolphins were detected year round and at all hours of the day in most of these MPAs, there was a clear preference for the winter period and the night time. At least two of these MPAs provided a more suitable foraging habitat than their surrounding environments. This monitoring method was precise enough to describe the sensitivity of bottlenose dolphins to human activities in and around MPAs. Anthropogenic activities considered in this study included fish farming, presence of commercial trawling, artisanal set nets, and recreational activities (i.e. SCUBA diving and anchoring vessels). MPAs with fish farms or nearby fish trawling activity yielded highest levels of dolphin presence due to an increase in the concentration of prey resources. Diel patterns in dolphin presence were presumably affected by set netting, where dolphins predated on net catches but avoided encounters with fishermen. An inverse relationship between dolphin presence and average intensity of recreational activities was found. A preference for months and times of day of low intensity of recreational activity suggests that human presence in these MPAs might displace bottlenose dolphins. The cost-effective monitoring method presented in this study could help developing required monitoring programs in Spanish Mediterranean protected waters under the European Union Habitats Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Castellote, Manuel] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Maria Brotons, Jose] Direccio Gen Medi Rural & Mari, Palma De Mallorca 07006, Balearic Island, Spain. [Maria Brotons, Jose; Cerda, Margalida] Asociac TURSIOPS, Balearic Isl 07639, Spain. [Chicote, Carla; Gazo, Manel] SUBMON Conservat Study & Awareness Marine Environ, Barcelona 08024, Spain. [Gazo, Manel] Univ Barcelona, Dept Anim Biol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Castellote, M (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, UCM Grp Study Anim & Human Behav Gecah, Dept Psicobiol, Campus Somosaguas, Madrid 28223, Spain. EM manuel.castellote@noaa.gov FU Parques Reunidos Valencia S. A.; L'Oceanografic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias; Consejeria de Pesca, Govern Balear; Joan Torroi Cabratosa fellowship; Area Protegida de les Illes Medes FX Parques Reunidos Valencia S. A. and L'Oceanografic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias funded the work done in Columbretes and Serra Gelada. Consejeria de Medioambiente, Comunitat Valenciana provided logistics support in Columbretes. We are grateful to Basademar S.L and Industrias Pesqueras Balmar S.A for their collaboration in this study. Consejeria de Pesca, Govern Balear funded the work done in Freus, Dragonera, Migjorn and Levante. We acknowledge Secretaria General de Pesca, Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentacion y Medio Ambiente for granting permits to deploy acoustic instruments within Spanish Marine Protected Areas. We are especially grateful to Silvia Revenga, Subd. Gral. de Proteccion de los Recursos Pesqueros, for her support to perform research activities within MPAs. Nick Tregenza (Chelonia Ltd.) assisted in customizing T-POD bottlenose dolphin scanning settings to minimize the addition of snapping shrimp pulses into the detection log. Jose Antonio Esteban assisted in field work and data processing from Columbretes and Serra Gelada. Alex Martin and Jorge Jimenez assisted in Freus field work. Joan Torroi Cabratosa fellowship and Area Protegida de les Illes Medes provided funds and logistic support for field work in this MPA. The diving center Rei del Mar provided logistic support and coordinated a team of volunteers involved in the instruments servicing in Medes. An early manuscript version was improved by comments provided by Kate Stafford, Kim Shelden and two anonymous reviewers. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 113 BP 54 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.05.017 PG 13 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA CN5KT UT WOS:000358468900007 ER PT J AU Wang, DR Yang, Y Wang, J Bai, XZ AF Wang, Daoru Yang, Yi Wang, Jia Bai, Xuezhi TI A modeling study of the effects of river runoff, tides, and surface wind-wave mixing on the Eastern and Western Hainan upwelling systems of the South China Sea, China SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Hainan upwelling; South China Sea; East Asia summer monsoon; Surface wind-wave mixing; Tidally induced upwelling ID WINTER ARCTIC-OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION; MONSOON; OCEAN; EQUATIONS; STABILITY; TRANSPORT; IMPACTS; VOLUME; ICE AB This study investigates the variation of eastern Hainan (or Qiongdong) and western Hainan upwelling systems during the East Asia summer monsoon (EASM) season using a state-of-the-art finite-volume coastal model and reveals the impacts of tidal mixing, surface wind-wave mixing, and river runoff on the Hainan upwellings in terms of the spatial and temporal variations, intensification, and vertical structure. It is found that (1) river runoff, a stabilizer of the water column, suppresses the upwelling beneath it from reaching the surface, although strong upwelling still occurs in the lower layer of the water column; (2) tidal mixing, a mechanism of forming bottom mixed layer, promotes upwelling, leading to strengthening of the upwelling; (3) surface wind-wave mixing, a major mechanism for formation of the upper mixed layer and a sharp thermocline, inhibits the upwelling from crossing the thermocline to reach the surface; and (4) unlike the east coast upwelling, the upwelling on the west coast is tidally induced. C1 [Wang, Daoru; Yang, Yi] Hainan Marine Dev & Design Inst, Haikou, Hainan, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jia] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Bai, Xuezhi] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, CILER, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM jia.wang@noaa.gov FU NSFC [40830850]; NOAA GLERL FX We appreciate support from NSFC #40830850. Yi Yang appreciates the support of NOAA GLERL and the opportunity to collaborate with NOAA scientists. Thanks goes to Cathy Darnell for editing a draft of this paper. Thanks also go to Dr. Kohei Mizobata for providing the satellite measurements shown in Fig. 6 and Dr. Ayumi Manome-Fujisaki for her modification of FVCOM time integration scheme. We appreciate very much the two anonymous reviewers for their very constructive comments that helped significantly improve the paper. This is GLERL contribution no. 1768. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 65 IS 8 BP 1143 EP 1164 DI 10.1007/s10236-015-0857-3 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN7HI UT WOS:000358604600007 ER PT J AU Moore, SE Stabeno, PJ AF Moore, Sue E. Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) in marine ecosystems of the Pacific Arctic Preface SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE VARIABILITY; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; FOOD WEBS; SEA; WHALES; ALASKA; CIRCULATION; SHELVES; BARROW C1 [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA OAR, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Moore, SE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Sue.Moore@noaa.gov FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Environmental Studies Program [M11PG00034]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR); Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL); NSF; ONR; USFWS; NSB; NPRB; ADFG FX The Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) and was funded primarily by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Environmental Studies Program through Interagency Agreement No. M11PG00034 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). The SOAR project brought together over 100 scientists and local experts to produce a synthesis of data and observations presented in the papers comprising this issue. While the BOEM Alaska Region supported many of the studies upon which these papers depend, the papers also represent contributions of data from research supported by NSF, ONR, USFWS, NSB, NPRB, ADF&G and others. The SOAR project was enriched by the thoughtful and efficient work of project coordinator Lisa Sheffield Guy (JISAO), while the figures in this preface were significantly improved by the graphic arts talent of Karen Birchfield (PMEL). We thank both Dr. Charles Monnett (BOEM-retired) and Dr. Heather Crowley (BOEM) for their enthusiasm and management of the project. Finally, we sincerely thank all of our academic, agency and arctic community colleagues who contributed to this special issue; quite literally, we could not have done it without you. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 136 SI SI BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.017 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN7PQ UT WOS:000358626900001 ER PT J AU Wood, KR Bond, NA Danielson, SL Overland, JE Salo, SA Stabeno, PJ Whitefield, J AF Wood, Kevin R. Bond, Nicholas A. Danielson, Seth L. Overland, James E. Salo, Sigrid A. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Whitefield, Jonathan TI A decade of environmental change in the Pacific Arctic region SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID CHUKCHI SEA SHELF; BERING-SEA; ICE; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; STRAIT; TRANSPORT; ECOSYSTEM AB Over the decade 2004-2013 environmental changes in the Pacific sector of the Arctic have been dramatic enough to suggest that a 'new normal' climate is emerging. The clearest indicator of this change is the dramatic loss of sea ice during the summer, which in some years has already resulted in essentially ice-free conditions in this region. For example, between 7 August and 11 October 2012, sea ice concentration in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas between 70 and 80 degrees N fell below 20% (with a record minimum concentration of only 5% on 2 September). Thick multiyear sea ice (older than 2 years) has almost entirely disappeared, replaced by thin and more mobile first-year ice. Year-to-year variability in ice concentration is associated with anomalous wind forcing linked to larger-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, which also affect ocean currents, including transport through Bering Strait. With reduced sea ice extent the area of ice-free ocean susceptible to rapid solar heating has increased. More heat is stored in the upper ocean early in the summer melt season and persists later into the autumn freeze-up. Monthly surface air temperature anomalies greater than 6 degrees C have occurred frequently in the autumn in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas. Environmental variations in the Bering Sea over the last decade have been subtle by comparison, and include an increase in winter sea-ice extent between 2007 and 2013. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wood, Kevin R.; Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Overland, James E.; Salo, Sigrid A.; Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98144 USA. [Danielson, Seth L.; Whitefield, Jonathan] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Insitutute Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99777 USA. RP Wood, KR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program [M11PG00034]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR); Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL); NOAA Arctic Research Program of the Climate Program Office; Office of Naval Research [322]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2228, 4149] FX This study is part of the Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) and was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program through Interagency Agreement No. M11PG00034 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). Additional support provided by the NOAA Arctic Research Program of the Climate Program Office, the Office of Naval Research, Code 322, and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2228. PMEL Contribution No. 4149. NR 93 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 136 SI SI BP 12 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.005 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN7PQ UT WOS:000358626900002 ER PT J AU Wang, MY Overland, JE AF Wang, Muyin Overland, James E. TI Projected future duration of the sea-ice-free season in the Alaskan Arctic SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS AB Global warming and continued reduction in sea ice cover will result in longer open water duration in the Arctic, which is important for the shipping industry, marine mammals, and other components of the regional ecosystem. In this study we assess the length of open water duration in the Alaskan Arctic over the next few decades using the set of latest coupled climate models (CMIP5). The Alaskan Arctic, including the Chukchi and the Beaufort Sea, has been a major region of summer sea ice retreat since 2007. Thirty five climate models from CMIP5 are evaluated and twelve are selected for composite projections based on their historical simulation performance. In the regions north of the Bering Strait (north of 70 degrees N), future open-water duration shifts from a current 3-4 months to a projected near 5 months by 2040 based on the mean of the twelve selected climate models. There is considerable north-south gradient in projected durations. Open water duration is about 1 month shorter along the same latitudes in the Beaufort Sea compared with that in the Chukchi Sea. Uncertainty is generally +/- 1 month estimated from the range of model results. Open-water duration in the Alaskan Arctic expands quickly in these models over the next decades which will impact regional economic access and potentially alter ecosystems. Yet the northern Alaskan Arctic from January through May will remain sea ice covered into the second half of the century due to normal lack of sunlight. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wang, Muyin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wang, Muyin; Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wang, MY (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Muyin.wang@noaa.gov; james.e.overland@noaa.gov FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); Arctic Project of the NOAA Climate Program Office; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2163, 4058]; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program [M11PG00034]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR); Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) FX We thank Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and the Arctic Project of the NOAA Climate Program Office for their support. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2163, and PMEL Contribution No. 4058. This study is part of the Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) and was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program through Interagency Agreement No. M11PG00034 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 136 SI SI BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.01.001 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN7PQ UT WOS:000358626900004 ER PT J AU Mathis, JT Cooley, SR Lucey, N Colt, S Ekstrom, J Hurst, T Hauri, C Evans, W Cross, JN Feely, RA AF Mathis, J. T. Cooley, S. R. Lucey, N. Colt, S. Ekstrom, J. Hurst, T. Hauri, C. Evans, W. Cross, J. N. Feely, R. A. TI Ocean acidification risk assessment for Alaska's fishery sector SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID NORTHEASTERN CHUKCHI SEA; NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; WESTERN ARCTIC-OCEAN; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; CORAL-REEF FISHERIES; CRAB HYAS-ARANEUS; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BERING-SEA AB The highly productive fisheries of Alaska are located in seas projected to experience strong global change, including rapid transitions in temperature and ocean acidification-driven changes in pH and other chemical parameters. Many of the marine organisms that are most intensely affected by ocean acidification (OA) contribute substantially to the state's commercial fisheries and traditional subsistence way of life. Prior studies of OA's potential impacts on human communities have focused only on possible direct economic losses from specific scenarios of human dependence on commercial harvests and damages to marine species. However, other economic and social impacts, such as changes in food security or livelihoods, are also likely to result from climate change. This study evaluates patterns of dependence on marine resources within Alaska that could be negatively impacted by OA and current community characteristics to assess the potential risk to the fishery sector from OA. Here, we used a risk assessment framework based on one developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to analyze earth-system global ocean model hindcasts and projections of ocean chemistry, fisheries harvest data, and demographic information. The fisheries examined were: shellfish, salmon and other finfish. The final index incorporates all of these data to compare overall risk among Alaska's federally designated census areas. The analysis showed that regions in southeast and southwest Alaska that are highly reliant on fishery harvests and have relatively lower incomes and employment alternatives likely face the highest risk from OA. Although this study is an intermediate step toward our full understanding, the results presented here show that OA merits consideration in policy planning, as it may represent another challenge to Alaskan communities, some of which are already under acute socio-economic strains. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mathis, J. T.; Evans, W.; Cross, J. N.; Feely, R. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mathis, J. T.; Evans, W.; Cross, J. N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Cooley, S. R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lucey, N.] Marine Environm Res Ctr ENEA, I-19100 La Spezia, Italy. [Colt, S.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Inst Social & Econ Res, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ekstrom, J.] Nat Resources Def Council, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Hurst, T.] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hurst, T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hauri, C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Mathis, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jeremy.mathis@noaa.gov OI Cross, Jessica/0000-0002-6650-9905; Lucey, Noelle/0000-0002-7975-8521 FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program [M11PG00034]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR); Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climate Program Office Grant [NA11OAR4310141]; Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks; NOAA's Ocean Acidification Research Program; National Science Foundation (ARC) [1107997]; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management through the University of Alaska Coastal Marine Institute [M08AX12760]; Alaska Ocean Observing System under NOAA [A08NOS4730406, NA11NOS0120020]; NOAA [NA08OAR4320751]; University of Alaska; National Science Foundation Grant [ATM-0628582]; Climate and Energy Decision Making (CEDM) Center; National Science Foundation [SES-0949710]; Energy Foundation Grant [G-0905-11200] FX This study is part of the Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) and was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program through Interagency Agreement No. M11PG00034 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). The authors would like to acknowledge and thank all of our colleagues and collaborators who contributed to this synthesis effort, especially Robert Foy at NOAA, Jim Fall and Cathy Tide at ADF&G, John Guinotte at the Marine Conservation Biology Institute, and Gunnar Knapp at UAA. We greatly appreciate the graphical and GIS support provided by the Sarah Trainor and Piaa Kortsalo at the Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy. The authors are very grateful to two anonymous reviewers whose comments markedly improved the paper. This research was partially supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climate Program Office Grant NA11OAR4310141 with the Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, NOAA's Ocean Acidification Research Program, the National Science Foundation (ARC - 1107997 to JTM), the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management under cooperative agreement M08AX12760 through the University of Alaska Coastal Marine Institute, the Alaska Ocean Observing System under NOAA awards A08NOS4730406 and NA11NOS0120020. This publication is the result of research sponsored by the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research with funds from NOAA under cooperative agreement NA08OAR4320751 with the University of Alaska. Cooley was supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0628582, the Climate and Energy Decision Making (CEDM) Center that is supported under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (SES-0949710). Colt was supported by The Energy Foundation Grant G-0905-11200. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 139 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 18 U2 90 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 136 SI SI BP 71 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.07.001 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN7PQ UT WOS:000358626900006 ER PT J AU Logerwell, E Busby, M Carothers, C Cotton, S Duffy-Anderson, J Farley, E Goddard, P Heintz, R Holladay, B Horne, J Johnson, S Lauth, B Moulton, L Neff, D Norcross, B Parker-Stetter, S Seigle, J Sformo, T AF Logerwell, E. Busby, M. Carothers, C. Cotton, S. Duffy-Anderson, J. Farley, E. Goddard, P. Heintz, R. Holladay, B. Horne, J. Johnson, S. Lauth, B. Moulton, L. Neff, D. Norcross, B. Parker-Stetter, S. Seigle, J. Sformo, T. TI Fish communities across a spectrum of habitats in the western Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; COASTAL WATERS; BERING-SEA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; NEARSHORE HABITATS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; JUVENILE PINK; NORTHERN GULF AB The increased scientific interest in the Arctic due to climate change and potential oil and gas development has resulted in numerous surveys of Arctic marine fish communities since the mid-2000s. Surveys have been conducted in nearly all Arctic marine fish habitats: from lagoons, beaches and across the continental shelf and slope. This provides an opportunity only recently available to study Arctic fish communities across a spectrum of habitats. We examined fish survey data from lagoon, beach, nearshore benthic, shelf pelagic and shelf benthic habitats in the western Beaufort Sea an.d Chukchi Sea. Specifically, we-compare and contrast relative fish abundance and length (a proxy for age) among habitats and seas. We also examined ichthyoplankton presence/absence and abundance of dominant taxa in the shelf habitat. Our synthesis revealed more similarities than differences between the two seas. For example, our results show that the nearshore habitat is utilized by forage fish across age classes, and is also a nursery area for other species. Our results also indicated that some species may be expanding their range to the north, for example, Chinook Salmon. In addition, we documented the presence of commercially important taxa such as Walleye Pollock and flatfishes (Pleuronectidae). Our synthesis of information on relative abundance and age allowed us to propose detailed conceptual models for the life history distribution of key gadids in Arctic food 'webs: Arctic and Saffron Cod. Finally, we identify research gaps, such as the need for surveys of the surface waters of the Beaufort Sea, surveys of the lagoons of the Chukchi Sea, and winter season surveys in all areas. We recommend field studies on fish life history that sample multiple age classes in multiple habitats throughout the year to confirm, resolve and interpret the patterns in fish habitat use that we observed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Logerwell, E.; Busby, M.; Duffy-Anderson, J.; Goddard, P.; Horne, J.; Lauth, B.] NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Carothers, C.; Cotton, S.; Holladay, B.; Norcross, B.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Farley, E.; Heintz, R.; Johnson, S.; Neff, D.] NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab,Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Horne, J.; Parker-Stetter, S.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Moulton, L.] MJM Res LLC, Lopez Isl, WA 98261 USA. [Parker-Stetter, S.] NOAA, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Seigle, J.] ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. [Sformo, T.] North Slope Borough, Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. RP Logerwell, E (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM libby.logerwell@noaa.gov; morgan.busby@noaa.gov; clcarothers@alaska.edu; shelleywoods@gmail.com; janet.duffy-anderson@noaa.gov; ed.farley@noaa.gov; pamela.goddard@noaa.gov; ron.heintz@noaa.gov; baholladay@alaska.edu; jhorne@uw.edu; sdjohn6063@acsalaska.net; bob.lauth@noaa.gov; lmoulton@owlridgenrc.com; darcie.neff@noaa.gov; bnorcross@alaska.edu; sandy.parker-stetter@noaa.gov; jseigle@abrinc.com; todd.sformo@north-slope.org FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program [M11PG00034]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR); Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) FX The authors thank 3 anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This study is part of the Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) and was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program through Interagency Agreement No. M11PG00034 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0835 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 136 SI SI BP 115 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.013 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN7PQ UT WOS:000358626900008 ER PT J AU Kuletz, KJ Ferguson, MC Hurley, B Gall, AE Labunski, EA Morgan, TC AF Kuletz, Kathy J. Ferguson, Megan C. Hurley, Brendan Gall, Adrian E. Labunski, Elizabeth A. Morgan, Tawna C. TI Seasonal spatial patterns in seabird and marine mammal distribution in the eastern Chukchi and western Beaufort seas: Identifying biologically important pelagic areas SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID NORTHERN BERING-SEA; WHALES DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; GRAY WHALE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; BELUGA WHALES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SPECTACLED EIDERS; BOWHEAD WHALES AB The Chukchi and Beaufort seas are undergoing rapid climate change and increased human activity. Conservation efforts for upper trophic level predators such as seabirds and marine mammals require information on species' distributions and identification of important marine areas. Here we describe broad-scale distributions of seabirds and marine mammals. We examined spatial patterns of relative abundance of seabirds and marine mammals in the eastern Chukchi and western Beaufort seas during summer (15 June-31 August) and fall (1 September-20 November) from 2007 to 2012. We summarized 49,206 km of shipboard surveys for seabirds and 183,157 km of aerial surveys for marine mammals into a grid of 40-km x 40-km cells. We used Getis-Ord Gi* hotspot analysis to test for cells with higher relative abundance than expected when compared to all cells within the study area. We identified cells representing single species and taxonomic group hotspots, cells representing hotspots for multiple species, and cells representing hotspots for both seabirds and marine mammals. The locations of hotspots varied among species but often were located near underwater canyons or over continental shelf features and slopes. Hotspots for seabirds, walrus, and gray whales occurred primarily in the Chukchi Sea. Hotspots for bowhead whales and other pinnipeds (i.e., seals) occurred near Barrow Canyon and along the Beaufort Sea shelf and slope. Hotspots for belugas occurred in both the Chukchi and Beaufort seas. There were three hotspots shared by both seabirds and marine mammals in summer: off Wainwright in the eastern Chukchi Sea, south of Hanna Shoal, and at the mouth of Barrow Canyon. In fall, the only identified shared hotspot occurred at the mouth of Barrow Canyon. Shared hotspots are characterized by strong fronts caused by upwelling and currents, and these areas can have high densities of euphausiids in summer and fall. Due to the high relative abundance of animals and diversity of taxa, these sites are clearly important areas of congregation for seabirds and marine mammals that should be prioritized in the development of management and conservation plans. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kuletz, Kathy J.; Labunski, Elizabeth A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Ferguson, Megan C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hurley, Brendan] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Gall, Adrian E.; Morgan, Tawna C.] ABR Inc Environm Res & Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. RP Kuletz, KJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM Kathy_Kuletz@fws.gov FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) [M10PG00050]; North Pacific Research Board [BSIERP-B64]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; ConocoPhillips; Shell; Statoil USA; BOEM [M11PG00033]; NOAA [M11PG00033]; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program [M11PG00034]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [M11PG00034]; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR); Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL); U.S. Department of Commerce FX This study was possible because of multiple research efforts in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas. We would like to thank the many dedicated seabird and marine mammal observers, collaborating chief scientists, ship captains, pilots, and crews who made data collection possible. FWS seabird surveys were funded by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM; IA No. M10PG00050), North Pacific Research Board (BSIERP-B64), and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. ABR seabird surveys were supported by ConocoPhillips, Shell, and Statoil USA. Marine mammal surveys were supported with Interagency Agreements between BOEM and NOAA (IA No. M11PG00033). Special thanks to Allison Zusi-Cobb (ABR, Inc.) for producing the figures for this manuscript. Martin Renner was responsible for processing the raw FWS data and provided valuable discussion. We thank Robert Day and Janet Clarke for careful reviews and suggestions on early drafts, and Sue Moore, Phyllis Stabeno, Lisa Sheffield Guy, Cathy Coon, and Phil Clapham for guidance and editorial contributions. The reviews and comments of the editor, William Sydeman, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. This study is part of the Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) and was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program through Interagency Agreement No. M11PG00034 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). NR 135 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 136 SI SI BP 175 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.012 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN7PQ UT WOS:000358626900012 ER PT J AU Clark, CW Berchok, CL Blackwell, SB Hannay, DE Jones, J Ponirakis, D Stafford, KM AF Clark, Christopher W. Berchok, Catherine L. Blackwell, Susanna B. Hannay, David E. Jones, Josh Ponirakis, Dimitri Stafford, Kathleen M. TI A year in the acoustic world of bowhead whales in the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort seas SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; AMBIENT NOISE; WINTER MOVEMENTS; LATE SUMMER; ALASKA; BARROW; ICE; BEHAVIOR; SOUNDS; NORTH AB Bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, in the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort (BCB) population, experience a variable acoustic environment among the regions they inhabit throughout the year. A total of 41,698 h of acoustic data were recorded from 1 August 2009 through 4 October 2010 at 20 sites spread along a 2300 km transect from the Bering Sea to the southeast Beaufort Sea. These data represent the combined output from six research teams using four recorder types. Recorders sampled areas in which bowheads occur and in which there are natural and anthropogenic sources producing varying amounts of underwater noise. We describe and quantify the occurrence of bowheads throughout their range in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas over a 14-month period by aggregating our acoustic detections of bowhead whale sounds. We also describe the spatial-temporal variability in the bowhead acoustic environment using sound level measurements within a frequency band in which their sounds occur, by dividing a year into three, 4-month seasons (Summer-Fall 2009, August-November 2009: Winter 2009-2010, December 2009-March 2010: and Spring-Summer 2010, April-July 2010) and their home range into five zones. Statistical analyses revealed no significant relationship between acoustic occurrence, distance offshore, and water depth during Summer-Fall 2009, but there was a significant relationship during Spring-Summer 2010. A continuous period with elevated broadband sound levels lasting ca. 38 days occurred in the Bering Sea during the Winter 2009-2010 season as a result of singing bowheads, while a second period of elevated levels lasting at least 30 days occurred during the early spring-summer season as a result of singing bearded seals. The lowest noise levels occurred in the Chukchi Sea from the latter part of November into May. In late summer 2009 very faint sounds from a seismic airgun survey approximately 700 km away in the eastern Beaufort Sea were detected on Chukchi recorders. Throughout the year, but most obviously during the November into May period, clusters of intermittent, nearly synchronized, high-level events were evident on multiple recorders hundreds of miles apart. In some cases, these clusters occurred over 2-5 day periods and appear to be associated with high wind conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Clark, Christopher W.; Ponirakis, Dimitri] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Berchok, Catherine L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Blackwell, Susanna B.] Greeneridge Sci Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [Hannay, David E.] JASCO Appl Sci, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada. [Jones, Josh] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Stafford, Kathleen M.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Clark, CW (reprint author), Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM cwc2@cornell.edu; Catherine.Berchok@noaa.gov; susanna@greeneridge.com; David.Hannay@jasco.com; j8jones@ucsd.edu; dwp22@cornell.edu; Stafford@apl.uw.edu FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program [M11PG00034]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR); Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL); National Ocean Partnership Program [N00014-08-1-0311]; Russian-US Long-term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) project; National Science Foundation [OPP-1107106]; NOAA [M07RG13267, M08PG20021]; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) [M07RG13267, M08PG20021]; Shell Exploration and Production Company; Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited; BP Exploration Operating Company Limited; ConocoPhillips Oil Company; Statoil FX This study is part of the Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) and was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program through Interagency Agreement No. M11PG00034 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL); Support for instruments at Sites II.2 and IV.13 were provided by grant N00014-08-1-0311 from the National Ocean Partnership Program to KMS. The instrument at Site 11.2 was supported by the Russian-US Long-term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) project and the National Science Foundation (award OPP-1107106). Financial support for instruments at Sites I.1, IV.12 and IV.14, was provided by interagency agreements between NOAA and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM; IA# M07RG13267, IA# M08PG20021; Charles Monnett, program manager). Instruments at Sites II.3, III.4-8 and IV.11 were deployed for the Chukchi Sea Environmental Studies Program, sponsored largely by ConocoPhillips Oil Company, Shell Exploration and Production Company, and Statoil and managed by Olgoonik-Fairweather LLC (OLF). Instruments at Sites IV.15-16 and V.17-19 were supported as part of the Marine Mammal Monitoring Program sponsored by Shell Exploration and Production Company, the field component of which was managed by OLF. Instruments at Site V.20 were supported by Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited and BP Exploration Operating Company Limited. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 136 SI SI BP 223 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.007 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN7PQ UT WOS:000358626900014 ER PT J AU MacIntyre, KQ Stafford, KM Conn, PB Laidre, KL Boveng, PL AF MacIntyre, Kalyn Q. Stafford, Kathleen M. Conn, Paul B. Laidre, Kristin L. Boveng, Peter L. TI The relationship between sea ice concentration and the spatio-temporal distribution of vocalizing bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas from 2008 to 2011 SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; ST-LAWRENCE-ISLAND; UNDERWATER VOCALIZATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; PINNIPEDS; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; ALASKA AB Bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) are widely distributed in the Arctic and sub-Arctic; the Beringia population is found throughout the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas (BCB). Bearded seals are highly vocal, using underwater calls to advertise their breeding condition and maintain aquatic territories. They are also closely associated with pack ice for reproductive activities, molting, and resting. Sea ice habitat for this species varies spatially and temporally throughout the year due to differences in underlying physical and oceanographic features across its range. To test the hypothesis that the vocal activity of bearded seals is related to variations in sea ice, passive acoustic data were collected from nine locations throughout the BCB from 2008 to 2011. Recording instruments sampled on varying duty cycles ranging from 20% to 100% of each hour, and recorded frequencies up to 8192 Hz. Spectrograms of acoustic data were analyzed manually to calculate the daily proportion of hours with bearded seal calls at each sampling location, and these call activity proportions were correlated with daily satellite-derived estimates of sea ice concentration. Bearded seals were vocally active nearly year-round in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas with peak activity occurring from mid-March to late June during the mating season. The duration of call activity in the Bering Sea was shorter, lasting typically only five months, and peaked from mid-March to May at the northernmost recorders. In all areas, call activity was significantly correlated with higher sea ice concentrations (p < 0.01). These results suggest that losses in ice over may negatively impact bearded seals, not just by loss of habitat but also by altering the behavioral ecology of the BCB population. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [MacIntyre, Kalyn Q.; Conn, Paul B.; Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [MacIntyre, Kalyn Q.; Laidre, Kristin L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stafford, Kathleen M.; Laidre, Kristin L.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stafford, KM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM stafford@apl.washington.edu FU National Ocean Partnership Program [WHOI A100587, UAF 080047]; National Science Foundation [ARC-0855828]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) [M07RG13317]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Marine Fisheries Service; BOEM Alaska Environmental Studies Program; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [M08PG20021, M09PG00016, M07RG13267]; NPRW [M07RG13267] FX Funding came from the National Ocean Partnership Program grants WHOI A100587, and UAF 080047, the National Science Foundation ARC-0855828, the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148 and the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Inter-agency Agreement M07RG13317 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, as part of the BOEM Alaska Environmental Studies Program. Additionally, funding also was provided by Bureau of Ocean Energy Management: Inter-Agency Agreement Number M08PG20021. This is JISAO Contribution No. 2095. Funding for data collection from the Chukchi Sea was provided by Bureau of Ocean Energy Management: Inter-Agency Agreement Number M09PG00016 and NPRW (IA# M07RG13267). Funding for the Bering Sea Data was provided by Bureau of Ocean Energy Management: Inter-Agency Agreement Number M07RG13267.; We would like to express our gratitude to Catherine Berchok for the use of her acoustic data from the Bering and Chukchi Seas from 2008 to 2011 and the Beaufort Sea from 2009 to 2010. We also thank Steve Okkonen for his assistance for providing us with temperature and salinity data to support our findings. This study is part of the Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) and was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program through the Interagency Agreement No. M11PG00034 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Kalyn MacIntyre was supported by a graduate research award from the North Pacific Research Board. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 136 SI SI BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.008 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN7PQ UT WOS:000358626900015 ER PT J AU Bergeron, DE Fitzgerald, R AF Bergeron, Denis E. Fitzgerald, Ryan TI Two determinations of the Ra-223 half-life SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Ra-223 half-life; Gamma well counter; Reentrant ionization chamber AB Ra-223 is an alpha-emitter that is being used as a bone-seeking radiotherapeutic agent. The relatively large uncertainty on its evaluated half-life (0.26%, Be et al., 2011) is an impediment to precision activity assays, which often involve measurements by various methods over time spans of days or weeks. We have performed two series of measurements using an ionization chamber (IC) and a NaI(T1) well counter (gamma-wc) to determine new, precise values for the Ra-223 half-life. We have endeavored to realistically assess the uncertainties on the derived half-lives, looking beyond the fit uncertainties to identify uncertainty components acting on multiple timescales. We recovered respective values of 11.447(6) d and 11.445 (13) d from the IC and gamma-wc measurements. Our values are in accord with the evaluated value of 11.43 (3) d, but with smaller combined uncertainties. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bergeron, Denis E.; Fitzgerald, Ryan] NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bergeron, DE (reprint author), NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM denis.bergeron@nist.gov RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016; Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 102 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.05.003 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CN0IT UT WOS:000358098000012 PM 25997112 ER PT J AU Bai, XZ Hu, HG Wang, J Yu, YL Cassano, E Maslanik, J AF Bai, Xuezhi Hu, Haoguo Wang, Jia Yu, Yanling Cassano, Elizabeth Maslanik, James TI Responses of surface heat flux, sea ice and ocean dynamics in the Chukchi-Beaufort sea to storm passages during winter 2006/2007: A numerical study SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Storm impacts; Surface heat flux; Sea ice and ocean dynamics; Upwelling and downwelling; Coupled ice-ocean modelling; The Chukchi-Beaufort Seas ID BARROW CANYON; CIRCULATION; SHELF; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; MODEL; BASIN; CLIMATOLOGY; EXCHANGE AB This study investigates storm impacts on sea ice, oceanic dynamics, and surface heat flux in the Chukchi-Beaufort Seas using a coupled ice-ocean model (CIOM). Two types of storms affect the study area: Arctic-born cyclones and north-moving Aleutian lows, which lead to strong westerly and easterly winds, respectively. Driven by 6-hourly forcing, the CIOM successfully reproduced the storm impacts. Simulated sea ice movements are comparable to the satellite observations. Storms usually result in fast-moving ice, which is faster than the speed of the surface water, and the gap between sea ice and surface water speed increases with wind speed. Storms can alter the pathways of the Pacific inflow water: with westerly winds, the Pacific inflow water goes no further than the latitude of Wrangel Island, while with easterly winds the Pacific inflow water can flow northward into the interior Arctic basin. Strong easterly winds associated with north-moving Aleutian lows reverse the Alaskan Coastal Current and the Bering Slope Current, and induce upwelling along the north Alaska coast. Westerly winds associated with Arctic-born cyclones act in an opposite way. During the storms, heat loss to the atmosphere is about twice that of normal conditions, which is mainly attributed to increases of the sensible and latent heat fluxes over the open water. Heat loss over ice was quite stable with some small fluctuations in response to the storms. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bai, Xuezhi; Hu, Haoguo] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Wang, Jia] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Yu, Yanling] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Cassano, Elizabeth; Maslanik, James] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bai, XZ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM xuezhi@umich.edu OI Wang, Jia/0000-0003-4154-9721 FU NSF project, Collaborative Research: The Impacts of Arctic Storms on Landfast Ice Variations [0714078]; Joint Russian-American Long-term Census of the Arctic (NOAA RUSALCA) International Polar Year modeling project FX We are thankful for support from NSF project, Collaborative Research: The Impacts of Arctic Storms on Landfast Ice Variations (No. 0714078), and Joint Russian-American Long-term Census of the Arctic (NOAA RUSALCA) International Polar Year modeling project. We appreciate Cathy Darnell for her editorial assistance. This is GLERL Contribution no. 1753. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 102 BP 101 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2015.04.008 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN1MP UT WOS:000358184400009 ER PT J AU Menezes, GM Tariche, O Pinho, MR Sigler, MF Silva, HM AF Menezes, Gui M. Tariche, Oksana Pinho, Mario R. Sigler, Michael F. Silva, Helder M. TI Structure and zonation of demersal and deep-water fish assemblages off the Cabo Verde archipelago (northeast-Atlantic) as sampled by baited longlines SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Cabo Verde; Demersal; Deep-water; Fish assemblages; Depth zonation; Seamounts ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; UPPER SLOPE; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; MID-ATLANTIC; SEAMOUNTS; ISLANDS; SEA; DIVERSITY AB The assemblages of the demersal and deep-water fish assemblages of the Cabo Verde archipelago are described for the first time from a total of 20 longline hauls that extends from coastline to 1200 m water depth. A total of 98 species from 47 different families were caught, and despite the changes of biogeographic affinities with depth, the majority of the species are from a Subtropical and Tropical origin or have a broad geographic distribution (Wide and Amphiatlantic distributions) with small affinities with the Macaronesian islands and the Mediterranean. Depth distribution profiles show a clear turnover of species with depth, and an increase in the depth distribution range of the deeper living species. Furthermore, the indices of species abundance, biomass and the number of species caught, significantly decreased with increasing depth. Four main fish assemblages in a depth-aligned structure are proposed in the present work. A shelf assemblage mainly distributed above the 150 m depth strata, a shelf-break/upper-slope assemblage mainly between the 150-350 m depth strata, a deep/upper-slope assemblage between the 300-600 m depth strata, and a mid-deep/mid-slope assemblage mainly distributed below the 600 m. Species abundances and diversity found below 200 m is relatively low compared with shallow waters. The observed depth zonation of the slope assemblages, roughly agrees with the expected occurrence or influence of different water masses: shelf and surface mixing and seasonal thermocline depth zone, the depth range of occurrence of the intermediate waters (North Atlantic Central Water-NACW), the South Atlantic Central Water-SACW), and Atlantic Equatorial Water-AEW), a mixing or overlapping zone of previous intermediate water masses with the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), and the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW), and a deeper zone where the AAIW predominate. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Menezes, Gui M.; Pinho, Mario R.; Silva, Helder M.] Univ Azores, Dept Oceanog & Pescas, MARE Marine & Environm Sci Ctr MARE, P-9901862 Horta, Azores, Portugal. [Tariche, Oksana] INDP, Mindelo S Vicente, Mindelo, Cape Verde. [Sigler, Michael F.] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Menezes, GM (reprint author), Univ Azores, Dept Oceanog & Fisheries DOP, Rua Prof Doutor Frederico Machado, P-9901862 Horta, Azores, Portugal. EM gui@uac.pt RI Menezes, Gui/A-3956-2009 OI Menezes, Gui/0000-0003-0781-4579 FU Azores Government FX This survey was implemented under the project "Cruzeiro de investigacao dos recursos ictiologicos e de profundidade de Cabo Verde-CABOFISH" financed by the Azores Government. Special thanks are given to the crew members of the R/V "ARQUIPELAGO", to Captain Fernando Serpa for their efforts and professionalism. The authors are also grateful to many people who contributed in various ways and at several phases of the project including several technicians from the Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas (DOP) da Universidade dos Acores and Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento das Pescas (INDP). In particular to those that participate in the field work: Pericles Martins, Jose Branco, Vito Melo, Joao "Badio", Ana Fernandes, Pedro Niny Duarte, and Maria Ana Aboim. This survey would not have been possible without the help of the Dr. Ricardo Serrao Santos the former director of Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, and Dr. Ederio Almada the former President of INDP. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 102 BP 118 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2015.04.013 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN1MP UT WOS:000358184400010 ER PT J AU Poe, MR Levin, PS Tolimieri, N Norman, K AF Poe, Melissa R. Levin, Phillip S. Tolimieri, Nick Norman, Karma TI Subsistence fishing in a 21st century capitalist society: From commodity to gift SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Subsistence; Fisheries; Diverse economies; Personal use ID FISHERIES; MARKET; MODELS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; ECONOMIES; HOUSEHOLD; POLICY; DRIVEN; CANADA AB In this paper, we examine the extent, range, and diversity of noncommercial wild ocean seafood subsistence harvests among commercial operators in Washington and California, USA and test the relationship between subsistence drivers and market behavior. Analyzing data from Pacific Fisheries Information Network between 1990 and 2010, we show that over 17 million kg of fish and shellfish were kept for personal use. We used general additive models to examine patterns in proportion of personal use versus price for the top 10 species retained over the 20-year period for each of the three population groups: Washington commercial tribal (indigenous) fishing operators, Washington commercial nontribal operators, and California commercial fishing operators. Out of the 26 species-price relationships tested, only one fits the market relationship with statistical significance and the model failed to predict personal use patterns for any of the other species. We conclude that market sensitivity is not a reliable predictor for subsistence behavior. Although a nominal figure in the overall seafood catch, the presence of subsistence practices among 21st century market-based commercial fishing operators reveals a more diverse array of economic systems than previously imagined. We suggest that alternative economies, including subsistence and associated community share systems, function to improve human wellbeing and strengthen community resilience by increasing food security and community food systems, engaging in a quality of life practice, and supporting social networks through seafood gifting and sharing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Poe, Melissa R.; Levin, Phillip S.; Tolimieri, Nick; Norman, Karma] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Poe, Melissa R.] Univ Washington, Sea Grant Program, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Poe, MR (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM melissa.poe@noaa.gov; phil.levin@noaa.gov; nick.tolimieri@noaa.gov; karma.norman@noaa.gov NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 116 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.05.003 PG 10 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA CM5UI UT WOS:000357754100024 ER PT J AU Aan Den Toorn, J Remley, KA Holloway, CL Ladbury, JM Wang, CM AF Aan Den Toorn, Joop Remley, Kate A. Holloway, Christopher L. Ladbury, John M. Wang, Chih-Ming TI Proximity-effect test for lossy wireless-device measurements in reverberation chambers SO IET SCIENCE MEASUREMENT & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COHERENCE BANDWIDTH; DELAY SPREAD; UNCERTAINTY AB The authors present a test method for quantifying and reducing systematic errors arising from antenna proximity to lossy objects in over-the-air performance testing of lossy large-form-factor wireless devices. The method determines the extent to which antenna proximity to lossy, large-form-factor objects influences the measured reference power transfer function. The test may be used to pre-characterise a given chamber set-up in terms of a minimum distance between antennas and lossy objects. They illustrate the use of the method in a total radiated power measurement of a large, commercially available, machine-to-machine device, where agreement to anechoic-chamber measurements is demonstrated to within the measurement uncertainty. C1 [Aan Den Toorn, Joop] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Elect Engn, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Remley, Kate A.; Holloway, Christopher L.; Ladbury, John M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wang, Chih-Ming] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kate.remley@nist.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8822 EI 1751-8830 J9 IET SCI MEAS TECHNOL JI IET Sci. Meas. Technol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 5 SI SI BP 540 EP 546 DI 10.1049/iet-smt.2014.0282 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CN8AN UT WOS:000358658600003 ER PT J AU Bhat, TN Bartolo, LM Kattner, UR Campbell, CE Elliott, JT AF Bhat, Talapady N. Bartolo, Laura M. Kattner, Ursula R. Campbell, Carelyn E. Elliott, John T. TI Strategy for Extensible, Evolving Terminology for the Materials Genome Initiative Efforts SO JOM LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY NOTEBOOKS; IUPAC STANDARD; INFORMATICS; FRAMEWORK; THERMOML AB Intuitive, flexible, and evolving terminology plays a significant role in capitalizing on recommended knowledge representation models for materials engineering applications. In this article, we present a proposed rules-based approach with initial examples from a growing corpus of materials terms in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Materials Data Repository. Our method aims to establish a common, consistent, and evolving set of rules for creating or extending terminology as needed to describe materials data. The rules are intended to be simple and generalizable for users to understand and extend as well as for groups to apply to their own repositories. The rules generate terms that facilitate machine processing and decision making. C1 [Bhat, Talapady N.; Elliott, John T.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bartolo, Laura M.] Kent State Univ, Ctr Mat Informat, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Kattner, Ursula R.; Campbell, Carelyn E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bhat, TN (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM talapady.bhat@nist.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD AUG PY 2015 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1866 EP 1875 DI 10.1007/s11837-015-1487-4 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA CN3LW UT WOS:000358329000026 ER PT J AU Salmon, M Higgins, B Stewart, J Wyneken, J AF Salmon, Michael Higgins, Benjamin Stewart, Joshua Wyneken, Jeanette TI The ontogeny of morphological defenses in Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and loggerhead (Caretta caretta) sea turtles SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE morphological defenses; antipredator adaptations; ontogenetic variation; allometric growth; marine turtles ID SKELETAL GROWTH MARKS; HABITAT SHIFTS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREEN; HATCHLINGS; LARVAE; MODEL AB Marine turtles are large reptiles that compensate for high juvenile mortality by producing hundreds of hatchlings during a long reproductive lifespan. Most hatchlings are taken by predators during their migration to, and while resident in, the open ocean. Their survival depends upon crypticity, minimizing movement to avoid detection, and foraging efficiently to grow to a size too difficult for predators to either handle or swallow. While these behavioral antipredator tactics are known, changes in morphology accompanying growth may also improve survival prospects. These have been only superficially described in the literature. Here, we compare the similarities and differences in presumed morphological defenses of growing loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) posthatchlings, related species that differ in growth rate, timing of habitat shift (the return from oceanic to neritic locations), and size at maturity. In both species, vertebral spination and carapace widening increase disproportionally as small turtles grow, but later in ontogeny, the spines regress, sooner in ridley than in loggerhead turtles. Carapace widening occurs in both species but loggerheads are always longer than they are wide whereas in Kemp's ridley turtles, the carapace becomes as wide as long. Our analysis indicates that these changes are unrelated to when each species shifts habitat but are related to turtle size. We hypothesize that the spines function in small turtles as an early defense against gape-limited predators, but changes in body shape function throughout ontogenyinitially to make small turtles too wide to swallow and later by presenting an almost flat and hardened surface that large predators (such as a sharks) are unable to grasp. The extremely wide carapace of the Kemp's ridley may compensate for its smaller adult size (and presumed greater vulnerability) than the loggerhead. J. Morphol. 276:929-940, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Salmon, Michael; Wyneken, Jeanette] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Higgins, Benjamin; Stewart, Joshua] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Salmon, M (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM salmon@fau.edu FU Save Our Seas Foundation; Disney World Wide Conservation Fund; AWC Foundation; National Save-the-Sea-Turtle Foundation; Nelligan Sea Turtle Fund; Lugger Family Foundation FX Contract grant sponsors: Save Our Seas Foundation, Disney World Wide Conservation Fund, AWC Foundation, National Save-the-Sea-Turtle Foundation, Nelligan Sea Turtle Fund, and Lugger Family Foundation. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-2525 EI 1097-4687 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 276 IS 8 BP 929 EP 940 DI 10.1002/jmor.20390 PG 12 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA CN4AX UT WOS:000358371700005 PM 26126953 ER PT J AU Tan, CT Leung, KY Liu, DX Canova, M Downing, RG Co, AC Cao, LR AF Tan, Chuting Leung, Kwan Yee Liu, Danny X. Canova, Marcello Downing, R. Gregory Co, Anne C. Cao, Lei R. TI Gamma radiation effects on Li-ion battery electrolyte in neutron depth profiling for lithium quantification SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Li-ion battery; Neutron depth profiling; Gamma-radiation; Radiation effects; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ID DIMETHYL CARBONATE; LIPF6; SALT AB This paper reports the observable effects of induced radiation on lithium-ion batteries when electrochemical cells are exposed to gamma-irradiation at dose up to 2.7 Mrad. A visual discoloration is noted at post-irradiation and chemical changes in the electrolyte solution are determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. While battery degradation is noted in this study upon the applied gamma dose, the battery characterized by neutron depth profiling for Li quantification will only receive gamma dose at a fraction of Rad to a few Rad, depending on the irradiation time. This finding established a threshold beyond which the battery's performance maybe affected and concluded that the neutron-based method is nonintrusive and does not affect the fidelity of the acquired data. C1 [Tan, Chuting; Cao, Lei R.] Ohio State Univ, Nucl Engn Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Leung, Kwan Yee; Liu, Danny X.; Co, Anne C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Canova, Marcello] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Downing, R. Gregory] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cao, LR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nucl Engn Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM co@chemistry.ohio-state.edu; Cao.152@osu.edu RI Cao, Lei/B-3254-2012; Co, Anne/B-3735-2012; OI Cao, Lei/0000-0003-4018-9496; Co, Anne/0000-0002-3546-1582; Liu, Danny/0000-0003-3193-1951 FU Clean Energy Research Center-Clean Vehicle (CERC-CV) Consortium; U.S. Department of Energy; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; U.S Department of Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This work was supported by the Clean Energy Research Center-Clean Vehicle (CERC-CV) Consortium, the U.S. Department of Energy, the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and U.S Department of Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency. We thank Dr. Jinghui Wang and the staff of The Ohio State University Nuclear Reactor Laboratory for their support. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 305 IS 2 BP 675 EP 680 DI 10.1007/s10967-015-4006-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN2LQ UT WOS:000358253100038 ER PT J AU Habte, F Chowdhury, AG Yeo, D Simiu, E AF Habte, Filmon Chowdhury, Arindam Gan Yeo, DongHun Simiu, Emil TI Wind Directionality Factors for Nonhurricane and Hurricane-Prone Regions SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Aerodynamics; Directionality; Standards and codes; Structural engineering; Structural reliability; Wind engineering; Wind speeds; Wind effects ID DESIGN AB The wind directionality factor, K-d, is a nondimensional quantity smaller than unity that reflects the fact that the climatologically and aerodynamically or dynamically most unfavorable wind directions typically do not coincide. The ASCE 7-10 standard specifies for buildings a directionality factor K-d = 0.85, although no justification appears to have been adduced for this value in the literature. This paper presents a more informed discussion of this topic by the engineering and codification communities. The results of this work show that the directional factor Kd varies as a function of type of wind storm, geographical location within an area with a given type of wind climate, type of wind effect (e.g., local pressures, internal forces in members of wind force resisting systems, global shear or torsion), and position of the wind effect being considered in the structure. These results suggest that, in most if not all cases, the dependence of the directionality factor on mean recurrence interval of wind effects is weak, and they confirm a recent finding that Kd values are larger for hurricane-prone than for nonhurricane regions. For pressures at individual points on building envelopes, the value K-d = 0.85 is typically found to be adequate for hurricane-prone regions and conservative for nonhurricane regions. For internal forces in wind force resisting systems (e.g., frames), the value K-d = 0.85 is typically adequate for nonhurricane regions while K-d = 0.90 is required for hurricane-prone regions, in spite of its conservatism in some situations. Finally, for global effects, such as building base shears and global building torsion, the values K-d = 0.90 and K-d = 0.95 are appropriate for nonhurricane and hurricane-prone regions, respectively. C1 [Habte, Filmon; Chowdhury, Arindam Gan] Florida Int Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Yeo, DongHun; Simiu, Emil] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yeo, D (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fhabt003@fiu.edu; chowdhur@fiu.edu; donghun.yeo@nist.gov; emil.simiu@nist.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 141 IS 8 AR 04014208 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001180 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA CN1RX UT WOS:000358198900023 ER PT J AU Wang, GQ Soler, T AF Wang, Guoquan Soler, Tomas TI Measuring Land Subsidence Using GPS: Ellipsoid Height versus Orthometric Height (vol 141, 05014004, 2015) SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING LA English DT Correction C1 [Wang, Guoquan] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Natl Ctr Airborne Laser Mapping, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Soler, Tomas] NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wang, GQ (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Natl Ctr Airborne Laser Mapping, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM gwang@uh.edu; tom.soler@noaa.gov RI Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 EI 1943-5428 J9 J SURV ENG JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2015 VL 141 IS 3 AR 08215001 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA CN1FC UT WOS:000358162000003 ER PT J AU Morin, PA Parsons, KM Archer, FI Avila-Arcos, MC Barrett-Lennard, LG Dalla Rosa, L Duchene, S Durban, JW Ellis, GM Ferguson, SH Ford, JK Ford, MJ Garilao, C Gilbert, MTP Kaschner, K Matkin, CO Petersen, SD Robertson, KM Visser, IN Wade, PR Ho, SYW Foote, AD AF Morin, Phillip A. Parsons, Kim M. Archer, Frederick I. Avila-Arcos, Maria C. Barrett-Lennard, Lance G. Dalla Rosa, Luciano Duchene, Sebastian Durban, John W. Ellis, Graeme M. Ferguson, Steven H. Ford, John K. Ford, Michael J. Garilao, Cristina Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Kaschner, Kristin Matkin, Craig O. Petersen, Stephen D. Robertson, Kelly M. Visser, Ingrid N. Wade, Paul R. Ho, Simon Y. W. Foote, Andrew D. TI Geographic and temporal dynamics of a global radiation and diversification in the killer whale SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cetacean; habitat models; mitogenomics; phylogeography; single nucleotide polymorphism; speciation ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ORCINUS-ORCA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; POSITIVE SELECTION; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; STATISTICAL-METHOD; DNA POLYMORPHISM; ICE AGES AB Global climate change during the Late Pleistocene periodically encroached and then released habitat during the glacial cycles, causing range expansions and contractions in some species. These dynamics have played a major role in geographic radiations, diversification and speciation. We investigate these dynamics in the most widely distributed of marine mammals, the killer whale (Orcinus orca), using a global data set of over 450 samples. This marine top predator inhabits coastal and pelagic ecosystems ranging from the ice edge to the tropics, often exhibiting ecological, behavioural and morphological variation suggestive of local adaptation accompanied by reproductive isolation. Results suggest a rapid global radiation occurred over the last 350000years. Based on habitat models, we estimated there was only a 15% global contraction of core suitable habitat during the last glacial maximum, and the resources appeared to sustain a constant global effective female population size throughout the Late Pleistocene. Reconstruction of the ancestral phylogeography highlighted the high mobility of this species, identifying 22 strongly supported long-range dispersal events including interoceanic and interhemispheric movement. Despite this propensity for geographic dispersal, the increased sampling of this study uncovered very few potential examples of ancestral dispersal among ecotypes. Concordance of nuclear and mitochondrial data further confirms genetic cohesiveness, with little or no current gene flow among sympatric ecotypes. Taken as a whole, our data suggest that the glacial cycles influenced local populations in different ways, with no clear global pattern, but with secondary contact among lineages following long-range dispersal as a potential mechanism driving ecological diversification. C1 [Morin, Phillip A.; Archer, Frederick I.; Durban, John W.; Robertson, Kelly M.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Parsons, Kim M.; Durban, John W.; Wade, Paul R.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Avila-Arcos, Maria C.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Foote, Andrew D.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Barrett-Lennard, Lance G.] Vancouver Aquarium Marine Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada. [Dalla Rosa, Luciano] Univ Fed Rio Grande, Inst Oceanog, Lab Ecol & Conservacao Megafauna Marinha, BR-96201900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Duchene, Sebastian; Ho, Simon Y. W.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Ellis, Graeme M.; Ford, John K.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Ferguson, Steven H.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Ford, Michael J.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Garilao, Cristina] GEOMAR Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Gilbert, M. Thomas P.] Curtin Univ, Dept Environm & Agr, Trace & Environm DNA Lab, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Kaschner, Kristin] Univ Freiburg, Dept Biometry & Environm Syst Anal, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. [Matkin, Craig O.] North Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Petersen, Stephen D.] Assiniboine Pk Zoo, Winnipeg, MB R3P 2N7, Canada. [Visser, Ingrid N.] Orca Res Trust, Tutukaka 0153, Northland, New Zealand. [Foote, Andrew D.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Morin, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM phillip.morin@noaa.gov RI Ho, Simon/A-8417-2008; Gilbert, Marcus/A-8936-2013; Dalla Rosa, Luciano/D-5660-2012; OI Ho, Simon/0000-0002-0361-2307; Gilbert, Marcus/0000-0002-5805-7195; Avila-Arcos, Maria C./0000-0003-1691-1696; Dalla Rosa, Luciano/0000-0002-1583-6471; Petersen, Stephen/0000-0002-3929-809X; Duchene, Sebastian/0000-0002-2863-0907 FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Northwest Fisheries Science Center; National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology; Marie Curie Actions [KWAF2010]; Danish Basic Research Foundation [DNRF94]; Fisheries and Oceans Canada FX We are grateful to the following people and organizations for providing valuable samples that contributed towards both the new sequences produced here and the previously generated and published sequences that this new work builds upon: Southwest Fisheries Science Center Marine Mammal and Turtle Molecular Research Sample Collection and SWFSC researchers who collected samples; Katja Vinding Petersen and Henrik Egede-lassen, Natural History Museum of Denmark; Natural History Museum, London; Scottish Agricultural College; Scott Baker and the New Zealand Cetacean Tissue Archive curated at the University of Auckland; The New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC); Charles Potter and the US National Museum of Natural History (Accession nos 238112, 238119, 241401, 550857, 571360); Robin Baird, Greg Schorr and the Cascadia Research Collective; Ken Balcomb; Jorge Urban; Erin Oleson; Instituto Aqualie; Natalie Goodall; the Hawaii Pacific University Stranding Program; Brad Hanson and Candice Emmons (Northwest Fisheries Science Center); Vladimir Burkanov; Alexander Burdin; Gisli Vikingsson, MRI, Reykjavik; Nils Oien, IMR, Bergen; Renaud de Stephanis and Philippe Verborgh, CIRCE; Bob Reid, Scottish Agricultural College; and the International Whaling Commission. All samples were collected under appropriate permits (MMPA in the U.S.) and transferred to the SWFSC under CITES permit if shipped internationally. Funding was provided by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, the National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Marie Curie Actions (KWAF2010) and the Danish Basic Research Foundation (DNRF94). We are thankful to Steve Head and the staff at The Scripps Research Institute Microarray Core, and Gerald Pao and Manching Ku, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, for sequencing assistance. Uko Gorter kindly provided his images of killer whale ecotypes, and Bela Dornon assisted with graphics. The manuscript was significantly improved through thoughtful review by Bob Pitman, Bill Perrin, Barbara Taylor, Tim Vines and three anonymous reviewers from Axios Review, and three other anonymous reviewers. NR 80 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 14 U2 160 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 24 IS 15 BP 3964 EP 3979 DI 10.1111/mec.13284 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CN3OD UT WOS:000358335300014 PM 26087773 ER PT J AU Alam, MS Watanabe, WO Rezek, TC Myers, AR Carroll, PM Daniels, HV AF Alam, Md Shah Watanabe, Wade O. Rezek, Troy C. Myers, Amanda R. Carroll, Patrick M. Daniels, Harry V. TI Growth performance, survival and body composition of southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma larvae fed different formulated microdiets SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE live feed; co-feeding; microdiets; southern flounder; larvae ID MARINE FISH LARVAE; COD GADUS-MORHUA; LATES-CALCARIFER LARVAE; IN-VITRO DIGESTIBILITY; SEA BREAM LARVAE; WHOLE-BODY; MICROPARTICLE DIETS; GILTHEAD SEABREAM; SPARUS-AURATA; PAGRUS-MAJOR AB Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of micro-bound diets (MBD) on southern flounder larvae. In experiment 1, four MBDs were formulated with different protein sources as follows: MBD 1: herring meal, MBD 2: menhaden meal, MBD 3: menhaden and squid meal; MBD 4: menhaden, squid and herring meal. In experiment 2, four MBDs were formulated as follows: MBD 5: menhaden, squid and herring meal; MBD 6: menhaden, squid, herring and attractants; MBD 7: menhaden, squid, herring and casein, and MBD 8: menhaden, squid, herring, casein and attractants. In experiment 3, three groups were maintained as follows: Group 1: live feed; Group 2: co-fed with MBD 6; and Group 3: MBD 6. In experiment 1 on 35 dph, survival and body weight (BW) of the fish fed MBD 4 was significantly higher than the MBDs 1 and 2. In experiment 2 on 34 dph, fish fed MBD 6 had significantly higher BW than the commercial microdiets. In experiment 3 on 21dph, fish receiving only MBD had significantly lower survival than the other groups. Growth, survival and larval fatty acid composition suggested that co-feeding MBD 6, a mixture of marine protein sources plus attractants was more effective than the other MBDs. C1 [Alam, Md Shah; Watanabe, Wade O.; Myers, Amanda R.; Carroll, Patrick M.] Univ N Carolina, Aquaculture Program, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Rezek, Troy C.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Daniels, Harry V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Alam, MS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Aquaculture Program, Ctr Marine Sci, 601 South Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM alamm@uncw.edu FU North Carolina Sea Grant [08-AQ-09]; MARBI-ONC (Marine Biotechnology in North Carolina) Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, USA FX This research was supported by the North Carolina Sea Grant (grant number 08-AQ-09) and MARBI-ONC (Marine Biotechnology in North Carolina) Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, USA. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1355-557X EI 1365-2109 J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1924 EP 1936 DI 10.1111/are.12347 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CM6SM UT WOS:000357820100013 ER PT J AU Garland, EC Goldizen, AW Lilley, MS Rekdahl, ML Garrigue, C Constantine, R Hauser, ND Poole, MM Robbins, J Noad, MJ AF Garland, Ellen C. Goldizen, Anne W. Lilley, Matthew S. Rekdahl, Melinda L. Garrigue, Claire Constantine, Rochelle Hauser, Nan Daeschler Poole, M. Michael Robbins, Jooke Noad, Michael J. TI Population structure of humpback whales in the western and central South Pacific Ocean as determined by vocal exchange among populations SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic display; humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; population structure; song; South Pacific; vocal; whale culture; canto; cultivo de ballenas; demostracion acustica; estructura poblacional; Megaptera novaeangliae; sur del Pacifico; vocal; yubarta ID GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; BASIN SCALE; EAST-COAST; SONGS; MIGRATION; ABUNDANCE; DIALECTS; GROUNDS AB For cetaceans, population structure is traditionally determined by molecular genetics or photographically identified individuals. Acoustic data, however, has provided information on movement and population structure with less effort and cost than traditional methods in an array of taxa. Male humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) produce a continually evolving vocal sexual display, or song, that is similar among all males in a population. The rapid cultural transmission (the transfer of information or behavior between conspecifics through social learning) of different versions of this display between distinct but interconnected populations in the western and central South Pacific region presents a unique way to investigate population structure based on the movement dynamics of a song (acoustic) display. Using 11 years of data, we investigated an acoustically based population structure for the region by comparing stereotyped song sequences among populations and years. We used the Levenshtein distance technique to group previously defined populations into (vocally based) clusters based on the overall similarity of their song display in space and time. We identified the following distinct vocal clusters: western cluster, 1 population off eastern Australia; central cluster, populations around New Caledonia, Tonga, and American Samoa; and eastern region, either a single cluster or 2 clusters, one around the Cook Islands and the other off French Polynesia. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that each breeding aggregation represents a distinct population (each occupied a single, terminal node) in a metapopulation, similar to the current understanding of population structure based on genetic and photo-identification studies. However, the central vocal cluster had higher levels of song-sharing among populations than the other clusters, indicating that levels of vocal connectivity varied within the region. Our results demonstrate the utility and value of using culturally transmitted vocal patterns as a way of defining connectivity to infer population structure. We suggest vocal patterns be incorporated by the International Whaling Commission in conjunction with traditional methods in the assessment of structure. Estructura Poblacional de las Yubartas en el Centro y Occidente del Sur del Oceano Pacifico, Determinada por el Intercambio Vocal entre las Poblaciones La estructura poblacional de los cetaceos se determina tradicionalmente por medio de genetica molecular o individuos identificados fotograficamente. Sin embargo, los datos acusticos han proporcionado informacion sobre el movimiento y la estructura poblacional de una variedad de taxones con menos esfuerzo y menos costo que los metodos tradicionales. Las yubartas macho (Megaptera novaeangliae) producen una demostracion vocal sexual, o canto, en continua evolucion que es similar entre todos los machos en una poblacion. La transmision cultural rapida (la transferencia de informacion o comportamientos entre co-especificos por medio del aprendizaje social) de diferentes versiones de esta demostracion entre poblaciones distintas pero interconectadas en el centro y occidente en la region del sur del Pacifico presenta una manera unica para investigar la estructura poblacional con base en las dinamicas de movimiento de la demostracion del canto (acustico). Al usar once anos de datos, con base en la acustica investigamos a una estructura poblacional de la region al comparar secuencias estereotipadas de cantos entre las poblaciones y los anos. Usamos la tecnica de la distancia Levenshtein para agrupar poblaciones previamente definidas en grupos (con base vocal) basados en la similitud general de su canto en el espacio y el tiempo. Identificamos a los siguientes grupos vocales perceptibles: grupo occidental, una poblacion al este de Australia; grupo central, poblaciones alrededor de Nueva Caledonia, Tonga y Samoa Americana; y region oriental, ya sea un grupo unico o dos grupos, uno alrededor de las Islas Cook y el otro cerca de la Polinesia Francesa. Estos resultados son consistentes con la hipotesis de que cada conjunto reproductivo representa a una poblacion distinta (cada una ocupo un nodo terminal unico) en una meta-poblacion, similar al entendimiento actual de la estructura poblacional con base en los estudios geneticos y de foto-identificacion. Sin embargo, el grupo vocal central tuvo niveles mas altos de cantos compartidos entre las poblaciones que en los otros grupos, lo que indica que los niveles de conectividad vocal variaron dentro de la region. Nuestros resultados demuestran la utilidad y el valor de usar patrones vocales transmitidos culturalmente como una forma de definir la conectividad para inferir la estructura poblacional. Sugerimos que los patrones vocales sean incorporados por la Comision Internacional de Caza de Ballenas en conjunto con los metodos tradicionales de evaluacion de la estructura. Resumen C1 [Garland, Ellen C.; Rekdahl, Melinda L.; Noad, Michael J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, Cetacean Ecol & Acoust Lab, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. [Garland, Ellen C.; Garrigue, Claire; Constantine, Rochelle; Hauser, Nan Daeschler; Poole, M. Michael; Robbins, Jooke; Noad, Michael J.] South Pacific Whale Res Consortium, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. [Garland, Ellen C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Goldizen, Anne W.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Lilley, Matthew S.] SecuritEase Int, Petone 5012, New Zealand. [Garrigue, Claire] Operat Cetaces, Noumea 98802, New Caledonia. [Constantine, Rochelle] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Hauser, Nan Daeschler] Cook Isl Whale Res, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. [Poole, M. Michael] Marine Mammal Res Program, Maharepa 98728, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Robbins, Jooke] Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. RP Garland, EC (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Fife, Scotland. EM ellen.garland@gmail.com RI Goldizen, Anne/G-7366-2012; Noad, Michael/D-7975-2013; Garrigue, Claire/I-4704-2016; OI Goldizen, Anne/0000-0003-0101-4108; Noad, Michael/0000-0002-2799-8320; Garrigue, Claire/0000-0002-8117-3370; Constantine, Rochelle/0000-0003-3260-539X; Robbins, Jooke/0000-0002-6382-722X FU Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation Inc.; Australian Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts; Winifred Violet Scott Estate; International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) FX We thank P. Clapham, V. Janik, C. Frere, and J. Jackson for providing valuable comments on a previous version of this manuscript. The study was supported by major grants from the Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation Inc., the Australian Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, and the Winifred Violet Scott Estate to M.J.N. and E.C.G. and from the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) to the South Pacific Whale Research Consortium (SPWRC). The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Additional funding and acknowledgements are included in the Supporting Information. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1198 EP 1207 DI 10.1111/cobi.12492 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM8VT UT WOS:000357981200026 PM 25851618 ER PT J AU Newton, KC Wraith, J Dickson, KA AF Newton, Kyle C. Wraith, James Dickson, Kathryn A. TI Digestive enzyme activities are higher in the shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus, than in ectothermic sharks as a result of visceral endothermy SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Digestive enzyme; Lamnid shark; Lipase; Pepsin; Trypsin; Temperature; Visceral endothermy ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; TUNA THUNNUS-ORIENTALIS; COMMON THRESHER SHARK; PRICKLEBACK FISHES TELEOSTEI; BLUEFIN TUNA; CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; ALOPIAS-VULPINUS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; EASTERN PACIFIC; WHITE SHARKS AB Lamnid sharks are regionally endothermic fishes that maintain visceral temperatures elevated above the ambient water temperature. Visceral endothermy is thought to increase rates of digestion and food processing and allow thermal niche expansion. We tested the hypothesis that, at in vivo temperatures, the endothermic shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus, has higher specific activities of three digestive enzymes-gastric pepsin and pancreatic trypsin and lipase-than the thresher shark, Alopias vulpinus, and the blue shark, Prionace glauca, neither of which can maintain elevated visceral temperatures. Homogenized stomach or pancreas tissue obtained from sharks collected by pelagic longline was incubated at both 15 and 25 A degrees C, at saturating substrate concentrations, to quantify tissue enzymatic activity. The mako had significantly higher enzyme activities at 25 A degrees C than did the thresher and blue sharks at 15 A degrees C. This difference was not a simple temperature effect, because at 25 A degrees C the mako had higher trypsin activity than the blue shark and higher activities for all enzymes than the thresher shark. We also hypothesized that the thermal coefficient, or Q (10) value, would be higher for the mako shark than for the thresher and blue sharks because of its more stable visceral temperature. However, the mako and thresher sharks had similar Q (10) values for all enzymes, perhaps because of their closer phylogenetic relationship. The higher in vivo digestive enzyme activities in the mako shark should result in higher rates of food processing and may represent a selective advantage of regional visceral endothermy. C1 [Newton, Kyle C.; Dickson, Kathryn A.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Wraith, James] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Dickson, KA (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, 800 N State Coll Blvd, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. EM kdickson@fullerton.edu FU California State University Fullerton (CSUF) Department of Biological Science graduate student research grant; CSUF Senior Faculty Research Award FX This research was supported by a California State University Fullerton (CSUF) Department of Biological Science graduate student research grant (K.C.N.) and a CSUF Senior Faculty Research Award (K.A.D.). We thank Christopher Kehrier and Scott Holtz for help with collecting tissue samples, CSUF undergraduate students Ali Forghani and Ramtin Khanipour who collected preliminary data, the captains and crews of the F/V Ventura II and the F/V Outer Banks, and Suzanne Kohin of the National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center, for allowing K.C.N. to participate in the annual juvenile shark abundance surveys in the Southern California Bight. We thank Sean Walker for assistance with the statistical analyses. NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 EI 1573-5168 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 41 IS 4 BP 887 EP 898 DI 10.1007/s10695-015-0055-8 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA CM4NE UT WOS:000357660700006 PM 25893905 ER PT J AU McClintock, BT Onorato, DP Martin, J AF McClintock, Brett T. Onorato, Dave P. Martin, Julien TI Endangered Florida panther population size determined from public reports of motor vehicle collision mortalities SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; capture-recapture; citizen science; dead recovery; human-wildlife ecology; imperfect detection; mark-resight; Puma concolor coryi; risk of collision; telemetry ID HABITAT SELECTION; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; CONSERVATION; DENSITY; MODELS; INFERENCE AB Reliably estimating the abundance of rare or elusive animals is notoriously difficult. An archetypical example is the endangered Florida panther, whose conservation status is intrinsically linked to population size, but for which reliable abundance information is lacking across its range. This is due not only to the inherent difficulty of sampling a rare and elusive species over a large geographic area, but also because of restricted scientific access to private land. Human interactions with wildlife are a regular occurrence, and interactions with non-scientists constitute an important and underutilized source of information about species distribution and abundance. For example, motor vehicle collisions with Florida panthers are recurrent on the vast network of roads within the public and private lands comprising its range in southern Florida, USA. Capitalizing on a tendency for the public to report collisions with species of concern to wildlife officials, we describe a novel methodology using public reports along with routine telemetry monitoring data to produce the first statistically defensible population estimates for the Florida panther across its entire breeding range. In essence, our approach uses traffic volume and road density to estimate the probability of motor vehicle collision mortality from telemetered animals and models counts reported by the public accordingly. Despite low motor vehicle collision mortality probabilities, our methodology achieved abundance estimates of reasonable precision (29% CV) that was similar to that of previous panther studies using conventional approaches on much smaller study areas. While recovery criteria require establishment of three distinct populations of 240 Florida panthers, we found this single population may never have exceeded 150 individuals from 2000 to 2012.Synthesis and applications. By extracting critical demographic information from underutilized aspects of human-wildlife ecology, our citizen-based approach can cost less than conventional alternatives and could conceivably be used for long-term population monitoring of other species over broad geographic areas, for example from reports of avian wind farm collisions, beached whales or marine mammal boat strikes. An additional benefit is that it can be applied to historical data sets of carcass recovery programmes, in our case permitting abundance estimation over a 13-year period. By extracting critical demographic information from underutilized aspects of human-wildlife ecology, our citizen-based approach can cost less than conventional alternatives and could conceivably be used for long-term population monitoring of other species over broad geographic areas, for example from reports of avian wind farm collisions, beached whales or marine mammal boat strikes. An additional benefit is that it can be applied to historical data sets of carcass recovery programmes, in our case permitting abundance estimation over a 13-year period. C1 [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Onorato, Dave P.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Naples, FL 34114 USA. [Martin, Julien] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), NOAA NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM brett.mcclintock@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 102 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 52 IS 4 BP 893 EP 901 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12438 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM9CR UT WOS:000358004300013 ER PT J AU Schiel, JE Rogstad, SM Boyne, MT AF Schiel, John E. Rogstad, Sarah M. Boyne, Michael T., II TI Comparison of Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS and Automated LC-MS for the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Mass spectrometry; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Glycosylation; Monoclonal antibody; LC-MS ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOSYLATION; GLYCOPROTEINS; AFFINITY; BINDING AB Monoclonal antibody therapeutics are a heterogeneous mixture of glycoforms. Multiple methods exist for defining the glycan composition and relative abundance of species present. In the current report, two MS-based methods were compared for their ability to both identify glycans and monitor differences in the glycoprofile. Gross changes in the glycoprofile can be identified either by visual inspection of fluorescence profiles and correlated to glycan identities when coupled with online MS/MS (LC-F-MS/MS) or through extracted ion chromatograms using LC-MS. In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA 104:2464-2472, 2015 C1 [Schiel, John E.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rogstad, Sarah M.; Boyne, Michael T., II] US FDA, Div Pharmaceut Res, Off Testing & Res, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. RP Rogstad, SM (reprint author), US FDA, Div Pharmaceut Res, Off Testing & Res, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM Sarah.Rogstad@fda.hhs.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3549 EI 1520-6017 J9 J PHARM SCI-US JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 104 IS 8 BP 2464 EP 2472 DI 10.1002/jps.24522 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA CM9EM UT WOS:000358009700008 PM 26053232 ER PT J AU Hotaling, NA Bharti, K Kriel, H Simon, CG AF Hotaling, Nathan A. Bharti, Kapil Kriel, Haydn Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI DiameterJ: A validated open source nanofiber diameter measurement tool SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ImageJ; Image analysis; FIJI; Scaffold; Morphology; Structure ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS; BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FIBER DIAMETER; IN-VITRO; ELECTROSPUN; CELL; SCAFFOLD; TISSUE; DIFFERENTIATION AB Despite the growing use of nanofiber scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, there is not a validated, readily available, free solution for rapid, automated analysis of nanofiber diameter from scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. Thus, the goal of this study was to create a user friendly ImageJ/FIJI plugin that would analyze SEM micrographs of nanofibers to determine nanofiber diameter on a desktop computer within 60 s. Additional design goals included 1) compatibility with a variety of existing segmentation algorithms, and 2) an open source code to enable further improvement of the plugin. Using existing algorithms for centerline determination, Euclidean distance transforms and a novel pixel transformation technique, a plugin called "DiameterJ" was created for ImageJ/FIJI. The plugin was validated using 1) digital synthetic images of white lines on a black background and 2) SEM images of nominally monodispersed steel wires of known diameters. DiameterJ analyzed SEM micrographs in 20 s, produced diameters not statistically different from known values, was over 10-times closer to known diameter values than other open source software, provided hundreds of times the sampling of manual measurement, and was hundreds of times faster than manual assessment of nanofiber diameter. DiameterJ enables users to rapidly and thoroughly determine the structural features of nanofiber scaffolds and could potentially allow new insights to be formed into fiber diameter distribution and cell response. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hotaling, Nathan A.; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bharti, Kapil] NEI, Unit Ocular & Stem Cell Translat Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kriel, Haydn] Stellenbosch Nanofiber Co Pty Ltd, Cape Town, South Africa. RP Hotaling, NA (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Nathan.Hotaling@gmail.com OI Hotaling, Nathan/0000-0001-8423-6464 FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA EY000531-02, Z99 EY999999] NR 56 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 EI 1878-5905 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD AUG PY 2015 VL 61 BP 327 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.05.015 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CL8MX UT WOS:000357229900031 PM 26043061 ER PT J AU Donnelly, MK Yang, JC AF Donnelly, Michelle K. Yang, Jiann C. TI Experimental and modeling study of thermal exposure of a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) SO BURNS LA English DT Article DE Breathing pattern; Experiments; Modeling; SCBA; Thermal exposure; Thermal injury AB An experimental apparatus designed to study firefighter safety equipment exposed to a thermal environment was developed. The apparatus consisted of an elevated temperature flow loop with the ability to heat the air stream up to 200 degrees C. The thermal and flow conditions at the test section were characterized using thermocouples and bi-directional probes. The safety equipment examined in this study was a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), including a facepiece and an air cylinder. The SCBA facepiece was placed on a mannequin headform and coupled to a breathing simulator that was programmed with a prescribed breathing pattern. The entire SCBA assembly was placed in the test section of the flow loop for these thermal exposure experiments. Three air stream temperatures, 100 degrees C, 150 degrees C, and 200 degrees C, were used with the average air speed at the test section set at 1.4 m/s and thermal exposure durations up to 1200 s. Measurements were made using type-K bare-bead thermocouples located in the mannequin's mouth and on the outer surface of the SCBA cylinder. The experimental results indicated that increasing the thermal exposure severity and duration increased the breathing air temperatures supplied by the SCBA. Temperatures of breathing air from the SCBA cylinder in excess of 60 degrees C were observed over the course of the thermal exposure conditions used in most of the experiments. A mathematical model for transient heat transfer was developed to complement the thermal exposure experimental study. The model took into consideration forced convective heat transfer, quasi-steady heat conduction through the composite layers of the SCBA cylinder wall, the breathing pattern and action of the breathing simulator, and predicted air temperatures from the thermally exposed SCBA cylinder and temperatures at the outer, surface of the SCBA cylinder. Model predictions agreed reasonably well with the experimental measurements. Published by Elsevier Ltd and ISBI C1 [Donnelly, Michelle K.; Yang, Jiann C.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Donnelly, MK (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8661, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michelle.donnelly@nist.gov; jiann.yang@nist.gov FU DHS/FEMA/U.S. Fire Administration project FX This study has been supported in part by the DHS/FEMA/U.S. Fire Administration project on the Study of Thermal Limits of Structural Firefighting Personal Protective Equipment. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-4179 EI 1879-1409 J9 BURNS JI Burns PD AUG PY 2015 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1017 EP 1027 DI 10.1016/j.burns.2014.11.008 PG 11 WC Critical Care Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA CM0EB UT WOS:000357350100013 PM 25681021 ER PT J AU Pritchard, VL Garza, JC Peacock, MM AF Pritchard, Victoria L. Garza, John Carlos Peacock, Mary M. TI SNPs reveal previously undocumented non-native introgression within threatened trout populations SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Alvord; Lahontan; Yellowstone; Cutthroat trout; Hybridization; Oncorhynchus clarkii ID INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; YELLOWSTONE CUTTHROAT TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GENETIC-MARKERS; O-MYKISS; HYBRIDIZATION; RIVER; CLARKII; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT AB Two questions relevant to the management of species threatened by introgressive hybridization are whether results from different genetic marker are comparable, and whether all sources of introgression have been identified. We used recently-developed SNP markers to quantify introgression from two non-native taxa: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and cutthroat trout of the Yellowstone evolutionary lineage (O. clarkii subspp.), into populations of threatened Lahontan cutthroat trout (O. c. henshawi). Results for O. mykiss introgression largely agreed with those of previous studies using different genetic markers. However, three populations contained much genetic material from the Yellowstone lineage, a source of introgression not previously examined. This included one population proposed to be a remnant of an extinct cutthroat trout lineage. C1 [Pritchard, Victoria L.; Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Peacock, Mary M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Pritchard, VL (reprint author), Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Div Genet & Physiol, Turku 20014, Finland. EM victorialpritchard@gmail.com FU US Fish and Wildlife Service (Lahontan National Fish Hatchery Complex); US Fish and Wildlife Service (Abernathy Fish Technology Center); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Southwest Fisheries Science Center; SWFSC) FX This research was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (Lahontan National Fish Hatchery Complex and the Abernathy Fish Technology Center) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Southwest Fisheries Science Center; SWFSC). We are grateful to N. Campbell and J. Metcalf for providing reference samples, and to V. Kirchoff and members of the SWFSC Molecular Ecology and Genetic Analysis Team for laboratory assistance. Comments from the editor and three anonymous referees improved the manuscript. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1006 DI 10.1007/s10592-015-0712-6 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CL9GP UT WOS:000357285500020 ER PT J AU Rushworth, AM Peterson, EE Ver Hoef, JM Bowman, AW AF Rushworth, A. M. Peterson, E. E. Ver Hoef, J. M. Bowman, A. W. TI Validation and comparison of geostatistical and spline models for spatial stream networks SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE stream network; kriging; P-splines; semiparametric ID STATISTICAL-MODELS; RIVER NETWORK; TEMPERATURES; DISTANCE AB Scientists need appropriate spatial-statistical models to account for the unique features of stream network data. Recent advances provide a growing methodological toolbox for modelling these data, but general-purpose statistical software has only recently emerged, with little information about when to use different approaches. We implemented a simulation study to evaluate and validate geostatistical models that use continuous distances, and penalised spline models that use a finite discrete approximation for stream networks. Data were simulated from the geostatistical model, with performance measured by empirical prediction and fixed effects estimation. We found that both models were comparable in terms of squared error, with a slight advantage for the geostatistical models. Generally, both methods were unbiased and had valid confidence intervals. The most marked differences were found for confidence intervals on fixed-effect parameter estimates, where, for small sample sizes, the spline models underestimated variance. However, the penalised spline models were always more computationally efficient, which may be important for real-time prediction and estimation. Thus, decisions about which method to use must be influenced by the size and format of the data set, in addition to the characteristics of the environmental process and the modelling goals. (c) 2015 The Authors. Environmetrics published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Rushworth, A. M.; Bowman, A. W.] Univ Glasgow, Univ Gardens, Sch Math & Stat, Glasgow G12 8QW, Lanark, Scotland. [Peterson, E. E.] CSIRO, Digital Prod & Serv Flagship, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Ver Hoef, J. M.] NOAA Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rushworth, AM (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Univ Gardens, Sch Math & Stat, Glasgow G12 8QW, Lanark, Scotland. EM alastair.rushworth@glasgow.ac.uk OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895; Rushworth, Alastair/0000-0002-1092-0463; Bowman, Adrian/0000-0002-5729-4631 FU EPSRC CASE studentship [MCA06-2008/2009]; Jim Gatheral travel scholarship; NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We thank Josh Bowden from the CSIRO Advanced Scientific Computing group for his help in implementing parallel computation to enable the study to run quickly. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that greatly enhanced the focus and clarity of the paper. Alastair Rushworth was funded by an EPSRC CASE studentship (MCA06-2008/2009) and a Jim Gatheral travel scholarship. This project received financial support from NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1180-4009 EI 1099-095X J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD AUG PY 2015 VL 26 IS 5 BP 327 EP 338 DI 10.1002/env.2340 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA CM2OG UT WOS:000357520200001 ER PT J AU Griffin, W Olano, M AF Griffin, Wesley Olano, Marc TI Evaluating Texture Compression Masking Effects Using Objective Image Quality Assessment Metrics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE MIP mapping; bump maps; texture compression; image quality assessment AB Texture compression is widely used in real-time rendering to reduce storage and bandwidth requirements. Recent research in compression algorithms has explored both reduced fixed bit rate and variable bit rate algorithms. The results are evaluated at the individual texture level using mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, or visual image inspection. We argue this is the wrong evaluation approach. Compression artifacts in individual textures are likely visually masked in final rendered images and this masking is not accounted for when evaluating individual textures. This masking comes from both geometric mapping of textures onto models and the effects of combining different textures on the same model such as diffuse, gloss, and bump maps. We evaluate final rendered images using rigorous perceptual error metrics. Our method samples the space of viewpoints in a scene, renders the scene from each viewpoint using variations of compressed textures, and then compares each to a ground truth using uncompressed textures from the same viewpoint. We show that masking has a significant effect on final rendered image quality, masking effects and perceptual sensitivity to masking varies by the type of texture, graphics hardware compression algorithms are too conservative, and reduced bit rates are possible while maintaining final rendered image quality. C1 [Griffin, Wesley] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Olano, Marc] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Griffin, W (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8911, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wesley.griffin@nist.gov; olano@umbc.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 21 IS 8 BP 970 EP 979 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2015.2429576 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA CM3QU UT WOS:000357599100008 PM 26357259 ER PT J AU Guo, D Su, YC Shi, CH Xu, JJ Powell, AM AF Guo, Dong Su, Yucheng Shi, Chunhua Xu, Jianjun Powell, Alfred M., Jr. TI Double core of ozone valley over the Tibetan Plateau and its possible mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Ozone valley; Double core; Tibetan Plateau; Mechanism ID STRATOSPHERE; DEPLETION; MLS AB In this study, the three-dimensional structure of the ozone valley (e.g. ozone depletion) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in summer (June-August) has been investigated using Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) ozone (O-3) data from 2005 to 2013. A double core structure of the ozone valley over the 'FP is found with one depletion center in upper stratosphere (10-2 hPa) named the upper core, and another depletion center, named the lower core, is observed in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (200-50 hPa). The analysis indicates that the zonal deviation of ozone O-3* (O-3* = O-3-[O-3], here [O-3] is the zonal mean of O-3) at the upper core is nearly - 1 DU while its counterpart's deviation at the lower core is nearly -15 DU. Large scale atmospheric circulation and terrain effects play an important role in the ozone valley at the lower core. In contrast, photochemistry reactions of odd chlorine including chlorine atoms (Cl) and chlorine monoxide (ClO) dominate the ozone valley at the upper core. Based on the MLS products, support for a chemical driver at the upper core is based on: (1) the significant diurnal variability of ozone suggests possible photochemistry reactions impacting the ozone valley; (2) the positive center of the ClO zonal deviation (CLO*) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) zonal deviation (HCl*) are found at the bottom of the upper core, which means the higher odd chlorine may accelerate the ozone loss. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Guo, Dong] NUIST, Minist Educ, Earth Syst Modeling Ctr, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Guo, Dong; Shi, Chunhua; Xu, Jianjun] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, GENRL, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Guo, Dong; Su, Yucheng; Shi, Chunhua] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. RP Guo, D (reprint author), NUIST, Minist Educ, Earth Syst Modeling Ctr, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM guodong@cams.cma.gov.cn; jxu14@gmu.edu RI Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011 FU National Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China [2010CB428605]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41305039, 41375047, 41475140, 41375092, 41305038, 41205065]; Natural Science Foundation for Higher Education Institutions in Jiangsu Province [13KJB170009]; Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Program [CHINARE 2014-04-04]; China Scholarship Fund; Research Found of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) FX MLS data is obtained from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Data and Information Services Center (http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/). The authors would like to thank research group for data providing. This study was jointly supported by the National Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China (2010CB428605), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41305039, 41375047, 41475140, 41375092, 41305038 and 41205065), Natural Science Foundation for Higher Education Institutions in Jiangsu Province (13KJB170009), Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Program (CHINARE 2014-04-04), China Scholarship Fund, Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) and Research Found of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology. The ESMC contribution number is ESMC 051. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 130 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2015.05.018 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM5UH UT WOS:000357754000012 ER PT J AU Bellur, K Medici, E Allen, J Choi, CK Hermanson, J Tamilarasan, A Hussey, D Jacobson, D Leao, JB McQuillen, J AF Bellur, Kishan Medici, Ezequiel Allen, Jeffrey Choi, Chang Kyoung Hermanson, Jimes Tamilarasan, Arun Hussey, Daniel Jacobson, David Leao, Juscelino B. McQuillen, John TI Neutron Radiography of Condensation and Evaporation of Hydrogen in a Cryogenic Condition SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article C1 [Bellur, Kishan; Medici, Ezequiel; Allen, Jeffrey; Choi, Chang Kyoung] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Hermanson, Jimes; Tamilarasan, Arun] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hussey, Daniel; Jacobson, David; Leao, Juscelino B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McQuillen, John] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Bellur, K (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. FU NASA [NNX14AB05G] FX These experiments were conducted at the NIST Center for Neutron Research in the Neutron Imaging Facility and the relevant work is supported by an Early stage Innovations Grant from NASA's Space Technology Research Grants Program (Grant # NNX14AB05G). NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2015 VL 137 IS 8 AR 080901 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA CM3MF UT WOS:000357585600002 ER PT J AU Krishnan, P Kochendorfer, J Dumas, EJ Guillevic, PC Baker, CB Meyers, TP Martos, B AF Krishnan, Praveena Kochendorfer, John Dumas, Edward J. Guillevic, Pierre C. Baker, C. Bruce Meyers, Tilden P. Martos, Borja TI Comparison of in-situ, aircraft, and satellite land surface temperature measurements over a NOAA Climate Reference Network site SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Land surface temperature; Aircraft; Satellite; MODIS; Validation; USCRN ID RADIATION BUDGET NETWORK; RADIOMETER SUITE VIIRS; SKIN TEMPERATURE; GROUND MEASUREMENTS; AIR-TEMPERATURE; OKLAHOMA MESONET; UNITED-STATES; COVER CHANGE; MODIS; VALIDATION AB Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable for studying the energy and water vapor exchange at the biosphere-atmosphere interface. In an effort to better quantify the spatial variability and overall representativeness of single-point LST measurements being recorded at NOAA's Climate Reference Network (CRN) sites and to improve the accuracy of satellite LST measurements, airborne flight campaigns were conducted over a CRN site in Crossville, Tennessee, USA during 2010 to 2011. Multiple measurements of LST were made using infrared temperature sensors at micrometeorological tower sites and onboard an instrumented Piper Navajo airborne research aircraft. In addition to this, coincident LST products from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments (Collection 5), onboard NASA Terra and Aqua Earth Observing System satellites were used. In this paper the comparison of LST measurements made from multiple platforms are presented. Our study showed that the temporal and spatial variability of surface temperature as indicated by the standard deviation of the brightness temperature (T-b) during the flight periods were <1.7 degrees C. Aircraft and tower-based T-b during the flight periods agreed well with a root mean square error (RMSE) of <1.3 degrees C. The daytime MODIS LST was lower than the tower and aircraft-based LST, but higher than the daytime near surface air temperature (T-a). MODIS LST showed a positive and lower bias with the nighttime tower-based LST, but with slightly higher RMSE than the daytime dataset The MODIS LST showed better correlation with the tower-based LST than T-a during clear sky conditions due to the complex relationship between air and surface temperature. Including both day and nighttime data the MODIS LST showed a bias of -056 degrees C, RMSE of 2.84 degrees C, and standard deviations of the difference of 2.79 degrees C when compared to the mean tower-based LST at the site. Tower-based 11 explained 98% of the variance in LST during nighttime conditions with a bias of similar to 0.8 degrees C and RMSE of 0.86 degrees C. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Krishnan, Praveena; Kochendorfer, John; Dumas, Edward J.; Baker, C. Bruce; Meyers, Tilden P.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Krishnan, Praveena; Dumas, Edward J.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Guillevic, Pierre C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Martos, Borja] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. RP Krishnan, P (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, ARL, 456 South Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM praveena.krishnan@noaa.gov RI Krishnan, Praveena/F-8169-2010; Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012; Dumas, Edward/C-6669-2016; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460; Dumas, Edward/0000-0002-9154-9052; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) U.S. Climate Reference Network program administered at NOAA's National Climatic Data Center FX This research was partially funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) U.S. Climate Reference Network program administered at NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (see www.ncdc.noaa.gov/crn/). The MODIS data used in this study are distributed by the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LPDAAC), located at USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD, http://lpdaac.usgs.gov. We thank Stephen Corda and John Muratore for their support during the experimental flight campaigns. NR 89 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 165 BP 249 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.05.011 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CM2XK UT WOS:000357545400019 ER PT J AU Chen, M Kumar, A AF Chen, Mingyue Kumar, Arun TI Influence of ENSO SSTs on the spread of the probability density function for precipitation and land surface temperature SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Seasonal mean predictability; Probability density function; Rainfall; Land surface temperature ID SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; SEASONAL PREDICTABILITY; VERSION 2; VARIABILITY; PREDICTIONS; ENSEMBLE; GCM; ANOMALIES; FORECASTS AB The impact of the interannual variations in ENSO SSTs on the spread of probability density function (PDF) for the seasonal mean of variables of societal relevance are analyzed based on a large set of the hindcasts from NCEP CFSv2. The study is focused on the analysis of global rainfall and 2-m temperature over land (T2m) for December-January-February (DJF) seasonal mean. For rainfall, the spatial distribution of the ENSO SST induced changes on the spread of PDF strongly resembles changes in the mean but have a smaller amplitude. Over the central-eastern equatorial Pacific, changes in the spread lead to a reduction in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) during El Nino years while to an increase in the SNR during La Nina years. Over extratropics, year to year changes in the spread are relatively small. For T2m, the changes in spread have little systematic dependence on the ENSO SSTs and the amplitudes of the changes in spread are much smaller than corresponding changes in the ensemble mean. The results demonstrate small systematic year to year variations in the PDF spread, for example over extratropics for rainfall and over most of global land areas for T2m, and indicate that it might be a good practice in seasonal predictions to assume that the spread of seasonal means from year to year is constant and the skill in seasonal forecast information resides primarily in the shift of the first moment of the seasonal mean of the PDF. C1 [Chen, Mingyue; Kumar, Arun] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Chen, M (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Climate Predict Ctr, RM 3011,W NP52,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Mingyue.Chen@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 45 IS 3-4 BP 965 EP 974 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2336-9 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL2WL UT WOS:000356807800027 ER PT J AU Ling, Z Wang, GH Wang, CZ AF Ling, Zheng Wang, Guihua Wang, Chunzai TI Out-of-phase relationship between tropical cyclones generated locally in the South China Sea and non-locally from the Northwest Pacific Ocean SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclone; South China Sea; Northwest Pacific; Out-of-phase relationship; Western Pacific subtropical high ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DIFFERENT IMPACTS; SUMMER MONSOON; ASSOCIATION; CIRCULATION; RAINFALL; GENESIS; MOTION; ENSO AB Tropical cyclones (TCs) in the South China Sea (SCS) are either generated locally or formed non-locally in the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWP) and entered into the SCS. Here, it is found that local TCs vary out-of-phase with non-local TCs in summer. That is, if fewer (more) TCs enter into the SCS from the NWP, more (fewer) TCs are generated over the SCS. Further analyses show that variability of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) is responsible for the out-of-phase relationship. As the WPSH shifts eastward (westward), fewer (more) non-local TCs formed in the NWP can enter into the SCS because TCs are recurved northward (moved westward). Due to the eastward (westward) movement of the WPSH, positive (negative) low-level vorticity anomalies, weak (strong) vertical wind shear between the upper and lower troposphere, and anomalous upward (downward) motion in the middle troposphere are induced in the northern SCS. The changes in the relative vorticity, vertical wind shear and vertical velocity are favorable (unfavorable) for the local TC genesis in the SCS. These variations of non-local and local TCs result in an out-of-phase relationship between TCs formed locally in the SCS and non-locally in the NWP. C1 [Ling, Zheng; Wang, Guihua] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 2, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, GH (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 2, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM wghocean@yahoo.com RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430301]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41125019, 41306024, 91128212, 41321004]; basic scientific research of Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of China [JT1301] FX This paper was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430301), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 41125019, 41306024, 91128212 and 41321004) and the basic scientific research of Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of China (JT1301). We thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on this paper. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 45 IS 3-4 BP 1129 EP 1136 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2362-7 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL2WL UT WOS:000356807800037 ER PT J AU Maxwell, SM Hazen, EL Lewison, RL Dunn, DC Bailey, H Bograd, SJ Briscoe, DK Fossette, S Hobday, AJ Bennett, M Benson, S Caldwell, MR Costa, DP Dewar, H Eguchi, T Hazen, L Kohin, S Sippel, T Crowder, LB AF Maxwell, Sara M. Hazen, Elliott L. Lewison, Rebecca L. Dunn, Daniel C. Bailey, Helen Bograd, Steven J. Briscoe, Dana K. Fossette, Sabrina Hobday, Alistair J. Bennett, Meredith Benson, Scott Caldwell, Margaret R. Costa, Daniel P. Dewar, Heidi Eguchi, Tomo Hazen, Lucie Kohin, Suzanne Sippel, Tim Crowder, Larry B. TI Dynamic ocean management: Defining and conceptualizing real-time management of the ocean SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Fisheries management; Marine spatial planning; Mobile marine protected areas; Real-time management; Shipping ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; SEA-TURTLE; ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; SPATIAL MANAGEMENT; LONGLINE FISHERY; BYCATCH; HABITAT; TERRESTRIAL; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Most spatial marine management techniques (e.g., marine protected areas) draw stationary boundaries around often mobile marine features, animals, or resource users. While these approaches can work for relatively stationary marine resources, to be most effective marine management must be as fluid in space and time as the resources and users we aim to manage. Instead, a shift towards dynamic ocean management is suggested, defined as management that rapidly changes in space and time in response to changes in the ocean and its users through the integration of near real-time biological, oceanographic, social and/or economic data. Dynamic management can refine the temporal and spatial scale of managed areas, thereby better balancing ecological and economic objectives. Temperature dependent habitat of a hypothetical mobile marine species was simulated to show the efficiency of dynamic management, finding that 82.0 to 34.2 percent less area needed to be managed using a dynamic approach. Dynamic management further complements existing management by increasing the speed at which decisions are implemented using predefined protocols. With advances in data collection and sharing, particularly in remote sensing, animal tracking, and mobile technology, managers are poised to apply dynamic management across numerous marine sectors. Existing examples demonstrate that dynamic management can successfully allow managers to respond rapidly to changes on-the-water, however to implement dynamic ocean management widely, several gaps must be filled. These include enhancing legal instruments, incorporating ecological and socioeconomic considerations simultaneously, developing 'out-of-the-box' platforms to serve dynamic management data to users, and developing applications broadly across additional marine resource sectors. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Maxwell, Sara M.; Briscoe, Dana K.; Crowder, Larry B.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Maxwell, Sara M.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.; Bograd, Steven J.; Fossette, Sabrina] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Div Environm Res, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Dunn, Daniel C.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Bailey, Helen] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Hobday, Alistair J.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Bennett, Meredith; Caldwell, Margaret R.; Hazen, Lucie; Crowder, Larry B.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA USA. [Benson, Scott; Eguchi, Tomo] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, La Jolla, CA USA. [Caldwell, Margaret R.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Law Sch, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dewar, Heidi; Kohin, Suzanne; Sippel, Tim] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resources Div, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Maxwell, SM (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM smaxwell@odu.edu; elliott.hazen@noaa.gov; rlewison@mail.sdsu.edu; Daniel.dunn@duke.edu; hbailey@umces.edu; steven.bograd@noaa.gov; sabrina.fossette@googlemail.com; Alistair.Hobday@csiro.au; mbennett2@law.pace.edu; scott.benson@noaa.gov; megc@stanford.edu; costa@biology.ucsc.edu; Heidi.dewar@noaa.gov; tomo.eguchi@noaa.gov; ljhazen@stanford.edu; suzanne.kohin@noaa.gov; tim.sippel@noaa.gov RI Hobday, Alistair/A-1460-2012; Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; OI Hobday, Alistair/0000-0002-3194-8326; Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687; Dunn, Daniel/0000-0001-8932-0681; Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926; Maxwell, Sara/0000-0002-4425-9378 FU Center for Ocean Solutions; NASA Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) grant [12-ECOF12-0052]; NF-UBC Nereus Program FX Funding provided by the Center for Ocean Solutions and NASA Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) grant 12-ECOF12-0052. D.C. Dunn was supported by the NF-UBC Nereus Program. We thank Drew Briscoe for graphic design assistance, and Lisa Wedding for insightful comments. The authors dedicate this work to the memory of Dave F. Foley. NR 64 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 8 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 58 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.03.014 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA CL2AJ UT WOS:000356745700006 ER PT J AU Bullard, JW Scherer, GW Thomas, JJ AF Bullard, Jeffrey W. Scherer, George W. Thomas, Jeffrey J. TI Time dependent driving forces and the kinetics of tricalcium silicate hydration SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hydration; Modeling; Kinetics; Microstructure ID CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL; ACTIVATION-ENERGY; INDUCTION PERIOD; ALITE HYDRATION; GROWTH-MODELS; NUCLEATION; CEMENT; C3S; DISSOLUTION; LAYER AB Simulations of tricalcium silicate (C3S) hydration using a kinetic cellular automaton program, HydratiCA, indicate that the net rate depends both on C3S dissolution and on hydration product growth. Neither process can be considered the sole rate-controlling step because the solution remains significantly undersaturated with respect to C3S yet significantly supersaturated with respect to calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). The reaction rate peak is attributed to increasing coverage of C3S by C-S-H, which reduces both the dissolution rate and the supersaturadon of C-S-H. This supersaturation dependence is included in a generalized boundary nucleation and growth model to describe the kinetics without requiring significant impingement of products on separate cement grains. The latter point explains the observation that paste hydration rates are insensitive to water/cement ratio. The simulations indicate that the product layer on C3S remains permeable; no transition to diffusion control is indicated, even long after the rate peak. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bullard, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Scherer, George W.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Thomas, Jeffrey J.] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bullard, JW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM jeffrey.bullard@nist.gov; scherer@princeton.edu; JThomas39@slb.com OI Scherer, George/0000-0002-5874-2627 FU Federal Highway Administration [DTFH61-12-H-00003, DTFH61-13-X-30003]; ARRA [611-473300-60026039 PROJ0002228] FX GWS was supported in part by Federal Highway Administration Grant DTFH61-12-H-00003 and ARRA Grant 611-473300-60026039 PROJ0002228. JWB was supported in part by Federal Highway Administration Interagency Agreement DTFH61-13-X-30003. The information in this paper does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of the federal government and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 EI 1873-3948 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 74 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.03.016 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA CK4LB UT WOS:000356194200004 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Beveridge, JR Draper, BA Phillips, PJ AF Zhang, Hao Beveridge, J. Ross Draper, Bruce A. Phillips, P. Jonathon TI On the effectiveness of soft biometrics for increasing face verification rates SO COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE UNDERSTANDING LA English DT Article DE Soft biometrics; Face recognition; Evaluation ID RECOGNITION; IMAGES; GENDER; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; TRAITS AB The term soft biometrics typically refers to attributes of people such as their gender, the shape of their head or the color of their hair. There is growing interest in soft biometrics as a means of improving automated face recognition since they hold the promise of significantly reducing recognition errors, in part by ruling out illogical choices. This paper concentrates specifically on soft biometrics as opposed to extended attributes, and presents the results from three experiments quantifying performance gains on a difficult face recognition task when standard face recognition algorithms are augmented using soft biometrics. These experiments include (I) a best-case analysis using perfect knowledge of gender and race, (2) support vector machine-based soft biometric classifiers and (3) face shape expressed through an active shape model. All three experiments indicate small improvements may be made when soft biometrics augment an existing algorithm. However, in all cases, the gains were modest. One reason is that false matches are more likely between faces of people sharing the same soft biometric traits. This is to be expected, since face recognition algorithms utilize appearance information, which is the same information used by algorithms designed to assign soft biometric labels to face images. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Hao; Beveridge, J. Ross; Draper, Bruce A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, 1873 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM zhangh@cs.colostate.edu; ross@cs.colostate.edu; draper@cs.colostate.edu; jonathon.phillips@nist.gov FU Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) [SC-AS-3181C]; Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) FX This work was supported by the Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) under Task SC-AS-3181C. P. Jonathon Phillips thanks the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for their support of this work. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by Colorado State University and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1077-3142 EI 1090-235X J9 COMPUT VIS IMAGE UND JI Comput. Vis. Image Underst. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 137 BP 50 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.cviu.2015.03.003 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA CK8CT UT WOS:000356466800005 ER PT J AU Klaer, NL O'Boyle, RN Deroba, JJ Wayte, SE Little, LR Alade, LA Rago, PJ AF Klaer, Neil L. O'Boyle, Robert N. Deroba, Jonathan J. Wayte, Sally E. Little, L. Richard Alade, Larry A. Rago, Paul J. TI How much evidence is required for acceptance of productivity regime shifts in fish stock assessments: Are we letting managers off the hook? SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Productivity shift; Regime shift; Fisheries ID MORWONG NEMADACTYLUS-MACROPTERUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; STRATEGY EVALUATION; FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RECRUITMENT; GULF AB A difficult question often confronting fisheries assessment scientists and managers is whether or not to accept that a shift in stock productivity has occurred. This is particularly the case when a stock has remained at historically low biomass despite management intervention and when there is an expectation that there should have been a stock recovery. We outline a weight-of-evidence approach that provides a structured means to evaluate this question. The approach, which scores a range of attributes, was applied to five fisheries from the NW Atlantic and SE Australia, chosen to provide a range of supporting evidence, as well as different potential causal mechanisms for a productivity shift. Given the resulting scores for the example stocks, and whether a productivity shift has been accepted for those stocks, a score of between 7 and 12 indicated a level required for acceptance of a productivity shift. The approach has highlighted areas of future research that would improve individual species scores. It is hoped that the paper will encourage a more systematic examination of potential stock productivity shifts in assessments than has hereto been the case. Crown Copyright (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Klaer, Neil L.; Wayte, Sally E.; Little, L. Richard] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [O'Boyle, Robert N.] Beta Sci Consulting Inc, Bedford, NS B4A 2E5, Canada. [Deroba, Jonathan J.; Alade, Larry A.; Rago, Paul J.] NOAA, Fisheries Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Klaer, NL (reprint author), CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, POB 1538, Hobart, Tas, Australia. EM neil.klaer@csiro.au RI Little, Rich/E-7578-2011; OI Little, Rich/0000-0002-5650-7391; Klaer, Neil/0000-0002-5178-2490 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 168 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.03.021 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CK3NN UT WOS:000356122900008 ER PT J AU Kinzey, D Watters, GM Reiss, CS AF Kinzey, Douglas Watters, George M. Reiss, Christian S. TI Selectivity and two biomass measures in an age-based assessment of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Survey selectivity; Integrated modeling; Simulation testing; Acoustic biomass; Net biomass ID STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; WAVE BORN APPROXIMATION; SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; SCOTIA SEA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ACOUSTIC SURVEYS; TARGET STRENGTH; RECRUITMENT; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION AB An integrated, age-structured model was fitted to different combinations of survey data using two forms of selectivity (logistic or double-logistic) with time-constant or annually varying selectivity to investigate the population dynamics of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) near the Antarctic Peninsula. The data were from surveys conducted by the U.S. Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program around the South Shetland Islands from 1992 to 2011. Two indices of krill biomass based on (1) trawl-net samples and (2) hydroacoustic sampling were combined with length-compositions from the nets. Sixteen model configurations using different combinations of the two biomass surveys with the various options for modeling selectivities were examined. Parameters were estimated in phases with the sequential order of the phases randomized until an invertible Hessian matrix was obtained. Model consistency for the estimates of derived quantities was tested using simulated data. Annual trends in the estimates of total biomass, spawning biomass, and recruitment were similar among different configurations assuming time-constant selectivity, but the absolute scaling ranged widely depending on which biomass indices were used. All configurations with time-constant selectivities were able to reproduce the derived quantities of the operating model when fitted to simulated data. Annually varying selectivities produced more variable estimates of the trends in population biomass, but less variable estimates of scale, compared to time-constant configurations fitted to the same data. The models with annually varying selectivities did not produce invertible Hessian matrices, and four of these configurations could not reproduce the derived parameters of their operating model when fitted to simulated data. Using AIC, the model with logistic, time-constant selectivities was selected as the best configuration to fit both sources of biomass data. The two-stage approach of first randomizing the phase order until an invertible Hessian matrix is achieved and then verifying the reproducibility of the estimates of derived quantities using simulated data could be employed in any integrated stock assessment with parameters estimated in phases. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kinzey, Douglas; Watters, George M.; Reiss, Christian S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Kinzey, D (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Doug.Kinzey@noaa.gov; George.Watters@noaa.gov; Christian.Reiss@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 168 BP 72 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.03.023 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CK3NN UT WOS:000356122900011 ER PT J AU Muhling, BA Liu, YY Lee, SK Lamkin, JT Roffer, MA Muller-Karger, F Walter, JF AF Muhling, Barbara A. Liu, Yanyun Lee, Sang-Ki Lamkin, John T. Roffer, Mitchell A. Muller-Karger, Frank Walter, John F., III TI Potential impact of climate change on the Intra-Americas Sea: Part 2. Implications for Atlantic bluefin tuna and skipjack tuna adult and larval habitats SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic bluefin tuna; Skipjack tuna; Climate changes; Habitat; Tuna fisheries; Niches ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; THUNNUS-THYNNUS; OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS; KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS; TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; SPAWNING GROUNDS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; DIVING BEHAVIOR; YELLOWFIN TUNA; RECRUITMENT AB Increasing water temperatures due to climate change will likely have significant impacts on distributions and life histories of Atlantic tunas. In this study, we combined predictive habitat models with a downscaled climate model to examine potential impacts on adults and larvae of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) and skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Intra-Americas Sea (IAS). An additional downscaled model covering the 20th century was used to compare habitat fluctuations from natural variability to predicted future changes under two climate change scenarios: Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 (medium-low) and RCP 8.5 (high). Results showed marked temperature-induced habitat losses for both adult and larval bluefin tuna on their northern Gulf of Mexico spawning grounds. In contrast, habitat suitability for skipjack tuna increased as temperatures warmed. Model error was highest for the two skipjack tuna models, particularly at higher temperatures. This work suggests that influences of climate change on highly migratory Atlantic tuna species are likely to be substantial, but strongly species-specific. While impacts on fish populations remain uncertain, these changes in habitat suitability will likely alter the spatial and temporal availability of species to fishing fleets, and challenge equilibrium assumptions of environmental stability, upon which fisheries management benchmarks are based. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Muhling, Barbara A.; Liu, Yanyun; Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Muhling, Barbara A.; Lamkin, John T.; Walter, John F., III] NOAA, SEFSC, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Liu, Yanyun; Lee, Sang-Ki] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Roffer, Mitchell A.] Roffers Ocean Fishing Forecasting Serv, Melbourne, FL USA. [Muller-Karger, Frank] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Muhling, BA (reprint author), NOAA, SEFSC, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Barbara.Muhling@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Liu, Yanyun/A-5785-2011 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Liu, Yanyun/0000-0002-9754-6370 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX11AP76G]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (NNX11AP76G), and by the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). We thank J. Lyczkowski-Schultz, K. Williams, T. Cullins, G. Zapfe and A. Millett for provision of larval data from SEAMAP Program, as well as the captains and crew of all NOAA ships which collect data on SEAMAP cruises. We also thank M. Konieczna and L. Ejsymont from the Sea Fisheries Institute Plankton Sorting and Identification Center, Gdynia and Szczecin, Poland, and we acknowledge ICCAT for the provision of fisheries catch data. Comments from two anonymous reviewers significantly improved the manuscript NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 148 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.01.010 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CK9FQ UT WOS:000356546400001 ER PT J AU Van Oostende, N Dunne, JP Fawcett, SE Ward, BB AF Van Oostende, N. Dunne, J. P. Fawcett, S. E. Ward, B. B. TI Phytoplankton succession explains size-partitioning of new production following upwelling-induced blooms SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Phytoplankton; Cell size; Community succession; New production; Coastal upwelling; Nitrate uptake; Biogeochemical model ID MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; NITRATE UPTAKE; SKELETONEMA-COSTATUM; CELL-SIZE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; GROWTH-RATES; TRADE-OFFS AB Large and chain-forming diatoms typically dominate the phytoplankton biomass after initiation of coastal upwelling. The ability of these diatoms to accelerate and maintain elevated nitrate uptake rates has been proposed to explain the dominance of diatoms over all other phytoplankton groups. Moreover, the observed delay in biomass accumulation following nitrate supply after initiation of upwelling events has been hypothesised to result from changes in the diatom community structure or from physiological acclimation. To investigate these mechanisms, we used both numerical modelling and experimental incubations that reproduced the characteristic succession from small to large species in phytoplankton community composition and size structure. Using the Tracers Of Phytoplankton with Allometric Zooplankton (TOPAZ) ecosystem model as a framework, we find that variations in functional group-specific traits must be taken into account, through adjustments of group-dependent maximum production rates (P-Cmax, s(-1)), in order to accurately reproduce the observed patterns and timescales of size-partitioned new production in a non-steady state environment. Representation of neither nutrient acclimation, nor diatom diversity in the model was necessary as long as lower than theoretical maximum production rates were implemented. We conclude that this physiological feature, PCmax, is critical in representing the early, relatively higher specific nitrate uptake rate of large diatoms, and explains the differential success of small and large phytoplankton communities in response to nitrate supply during upwelling. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Van Oostende, N.; Fawcett, S. E.; Ward, B. B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dunne, J. P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Van Oostende, N (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM oostende@princeton.edu OI Van Oostende, Nicolas/0000-0002-1953-7209 FU NOAA Climate Program Office grant [NA110AR4310058] FX We thank B. Song and P. Bhadury for the assistance with the sample collection and incubation experiments. The staff of Moss Landing Marine Laboratory and Captain L. Bradford of the R/V 'John Martin' were most cooperative and helpful. We are grateful to A. Gibson for performing the phytoplankton microscopy counts, to A. Babbin and O. Coyle for the measurements of ammonium concentrations, to C. Stock and A. Babbin for the stimulating discussions and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions which helped to improve the manuscript. This research was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office grant no NA110AR4310058. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 148 BP 14 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.01.009 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CK9FQ UT WOS:000356546400002 ER PT J AU Liu, YY Lee, SK Enfield, DB Muhling, BA Lamkin, JT Muller-Karger, FE Roffer, MA AF Liu, Yanyun Lee, Sang-Ki Enfield, David B. Muhling, Barbara A. Lamkin, John T. Muller-Karger, Frank E. Roffer, Mitchell A. TI Potential impact of climate change on the Intra-Americas Sea: Part-1. A dynamic downscaling of the CMIP5 model projections SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Dynamical downscaling; Loop Current; Caribbean Current; AMO; AMOC; Climate change; Global warming; Intra-Americas Sea; Gulf of Mexico; Caribbean Sea ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CORAL-REEFS; ATLANTIC HURRICANES; WARM POOL; CIRCULATION; RAINFALL; FUTURE; VARIABILITY; MECHANISMS; TRANSPORT AB This study examines the potential impact of anthropogenic greenhouse warming on the Intra-Americas Sea (IAS, Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico) by downscaling the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase-5 (CMIP5) model simulations under historical and two future emission scenarios using an eddy-resolving resolution regional ocean model. The simulated volume transport by the western boundary current system in the IAS, including the Caribbean Current, Yucatan Current and Loop Current (LC), is reduced by 20-25% during the 21st century, consistent with a similar rate of reduction in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The effect of the LC in the present climate is to warm the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Therefore, the reduced LC and the associated weakening of the warm transient LC eddies have a cooling impact in the GoM, particularly during boreal spring in the northern deep basin, in agreement with an earlier dynamic downscaling study. In contrast to the reduced warming in the northern deep GoM, the downscaled model predicts an intense warming in the shallow (<= 200 m) northeastern shelf of the GoM especially during boreal summer since there is no effective mechanism to dissipate the increased surface heating. Potential implications of the regionally distinctive warming trend pattern in the GoM on the marine ecosystems and hurricane intensifications during landfall are discussed. This study also explores the effects of 20th century warming and climate variability in the IAS using the regional ocean model forced with observed surface flux fields. The main modes of sea surface temperature variability in the IAS are linked to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and a meridional dipole pattern between the GoM and Caribbean Sea. It is also shown that variability of the IAS western boundary current system in the 20th century is largely driven by wind stress curl in the Sverdrup interior and the AMOC. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Yanyun; Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David B.; Muhling, Barbara A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Liu, Yanyun; Lee, Sang-Ki] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Muhling, Barbara A.; Lamkin, John T.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Muller-Karger, Frank E.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Roffer, Mitchell A.] Roffers Ocean Fishing Forecasting Serv, Melbourne, FL USA. RP Liu, YY (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Yanyun.Liu@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Liu, Yanyun/A-5785-2011; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Liu, Yanyun/0000-0002-9754-6370; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Applied Sciences Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting program (NASA) [NNH10ZDA001N-BIOCLIM, NNX09AV24G]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX We would like to thank Eileen Hofmann and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions, which led to a significant improvement of the paper. We also thank M. Goes, E. M. Johns (NOAA/AOML) and A Chester (NMFS/SEFSC) for their helpful comments. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Applied Sciences Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting program (NASA grants: NNH10ZDA001N-BIOCLIM and NNX09AV24G), and by the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 148 BP 56 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.01.007 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CK9FQ UT WOS:000356546400006 ER PT J AU Fu, CH Large, S Knight, B Richardson, AJ Bundy, A Reygondeau, G Boldt, J van der Meeren, GI Torres, MA Sobrino, I Auber, A Travers-Trolet, M Piroddi, C Diallo, I Jouffre, D Mendes, H Borges, MF Lynam, CP Coll, M Shannon, LJ Shin, YJ AF Fu, Caihong Large, Scott Knight, Ben Richardson, Anthony J. Bundy, Alida Reygondeau, Gabriel Boldt, Jennifer van der Meeren, Gro I. Torres, Maria A. Sobrino, Ignacio Auber, Arnaud Travers-Trolet, Morgane Piroddi, Chiara Diallo, Ibrahima Jouffre, Didier Mendes, Hugo Borges, Maria Fatima Lynam, Christopher P. Coll, Marta Shannon, Lynne J. Shin, Yunne-Jai TI Relationships among fisheries exploitation, environmental conditions, and ecological indicators across a series of marine ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Ecological indicators; Environmental conditions; Fisheries exploitation; Marine ecosystems; Partial least squares path modeling ID REGIME SHIFTS; MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE; DYNAMICS; PACIFIC; DRIVERS; IMPACT; NORTH; FRAMEWORK; PATTERNS AB Understanding how external pressures impact ecosystem structure and functioning is essential for ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management. We quantified the relative effects of fisheries exploitation and environmental conditions on ecological indicators derived from two different data sources, fisheries catch data (catch-based) and fisheries independent survey data (survey-based) for 12 marine ecosystems using a partial least squares path modeling approach (PLS-PM). We linked these ecological indicators to the total biomass of the ecosystem. Although the effects of exploitation and environmental conditions differed across the ecosystems, some general results can be drawn from the comparative approach. Interestingly, the PLS-PM analyses showed that survey-based indicators were less tightly associated with each other than the catch-based ones. The analyses also showed that the effects of environmental conditions on the ecological indicators were predominantly significant, and tended to be negative, suggesting that in the recent period, indicators accounted for changes in environmental conditions and the changes were more likely to be adverse. Total biomass was associated with fisheries exploitation and environmental conditions; however its association with the ecological indicators was weak across the ecosystems. Knowledge of the relative influence of exploitation and environmental pressures on the dynamics within exploited ecosystems will help us to move towards ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management. PLS-PM proved to be a useful approach to quantify the relative effects of fisheries exploitation and environmental conditions and suggest it could be used more widely in fisheries oceanography. Crown Copyright (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fu, Caihong; Boldt, Jennifer] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Large, Scott] NOAA Fisheries, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Knight, Ben] Cawthron Inst, Nelson, New Zealand. [Richardson, Anthony J.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ecosci Precinct, Ocean & Atmosphere Flagship, Dutton Pk, Qld 4102, Australia. [Richardson, Anthony J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Ctr Applicat Nat Resource Math CARM, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Bundy, Alida] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Reygondeau, Gabriel] Univ Paris 06, Univ Sorbonne, Lab Oceanog Villefranche Mer LOV, UMR 7093, F-06234 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [van der Meeren, Gro I.] Hjort Ctr Marine Ecosyst Dynam, Inst Marine Res, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Torres, Maria A.; Sobrino, Ignacio] IEO, Ctr Oceanog Cadiz, E-11006 Cadiz, Spain. [Torres, Maria A.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Resources, Inst Coastal Res, SE-74242 Oregrund, Sweden. [Auber, Arnaud; Travers-Trolet, Morgane] IFREMER, Fisheries Lab, F-62321 Boulogne Sur Mer, France. [Piroddi, Chiara] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Diallo, Ibrahima] CNSHB, Conakry, Guinea. [Jouffre, Didier] IRD, Labep AO IRD IFAN, Dakar, Senegal. [Mendes, Hugo; Borges, Maria Fatima] IPMA, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal. [Lynam, Christopher P.] Cefas, Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Coll, Marta; Shin, Yunne-Jai] IRD, CRH, Res Unit EME UMR 212, F-34203 Sete, France. [Coll, Marta; Shin, Yunne-Jai] IRD, CRH, Res Unit MARBEC UMR 9190, F-34203 Sete, France. [Shannon, Lynne J.; Shin, Yunne-Jai] Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, Ma Re Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Fu, CH (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. EM Caihong.Fu@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Shin, Yunne-Jai/A-7575-2012; Bundy, Alida/H-2884-2015 OI Shin, Yunne-Jai/0000-0002-7259-9265; Bundy, Alida/0000-0002-4282-0715 FU Fisheries and Oceans Canada; French project EMIBIOS (FRB) [APP-SCEN-2010-II]; Defra [MF1228]; DEVOTES (Development of innovative tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status) - EU FP7 [308392]; Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) FX CF, AB and JLB were supported by Fisheries and Oceans Canada; YJS, AA and MTT were supported by the French project EMIBIOS (FRB, contract no. APP-SCEN-2010-II). CPL was supported by Defra MF1228 (From Physics to Fisheries) and DEVOTES (Development of innovative tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status) funded by EU FP7 (grant agreement no. 308392), www.devotes-projecteu. MAT was funded by a Pre-doctoral FPI fellowship from the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO). All other authors were supported by their respective affiliations. The funders had no role in study design, data analyses, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 148 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.01.004 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CK9FQ UT WOS:000356546400009 ER PT J AU McIntyre, JK Davis, JW Hinman, C Macneale, KH Anulacion, BF Scholz, NL Stark, JD AF McIntyre, J. K. Davis, J. W. Hinman, C. Macneale, K. H. Anulacion, B. F. Scholz, N. L. Stark, J. D. TI Soil bioretention protects juvenile salmon and their prey from the toxic impacts of urban stormwater runoff SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Green infrastructure; Bioretention treatment; Urban runoff; Aquatic toxicology; Juvenile coho salmon; Mayfly nymphs ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WATER-QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; CATCHMENT URBANIZATION; HIGHWAY RUNOFF; COHO SALMON; REMOVAL; COPPER; MEDIA; FISH; ASSEMBLAGES AB Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), or low impact development, encompasses a diverse and expanding portfolio of strategies to reduce the impacts of stormwater runoff on natural systems. Benchmarks for GSI success are usually framed in terms of hydrology and water chemistry, with reduced flow and loadings of toxic chemical contaminants as primary metrics. Despite the central goal of protecting aquatic species abundance and diversity, the effectiveness of GSI treatments in maintaining diverse assemblages of sensitive aquatic taxa has not been widely evaluated. In the present study we characterized the baseline toxicity of untreated urban runoff from a highway in Seattle, WA, across six storm events. For all storms, first flush runoff was toxic to the daphniid Ceriodaphnia dubia, causing up to 100% mortality or impairing reproduction among survivors. We then evaluated whether soil media used in bioretention, a conventional GSI method, could reduce or eliminate toxicity to juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) as well as their macroinvertebrate prey, including cultured C dubia and wild-collected mayfly nymphs (Baetis spp.). Untreated highway runoff was generally lethal to salmon and invertebrates, and this acute mortality was eliminated when the runoff was filtered through soil media in bioretention columns. Soil treatment also protected against sublethal reproductive toxicity in C dubia. Thus, a relatively inexpensive GSI technology can be highly effective at reversing the acutely lethal and sublethal effects of urban runoff on multiple aquatic species. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McIntyre, J. K.; Hinman, C.; Stark, J. D.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Davis, J. W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA USA. [Macneale, K. H.; Anulacion, B. F.; Scholz, N. L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McIntyre, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM jen.mcintyre@wsu.edu OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Coastal Storms Program); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Contaminants Program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10; Russell Family Foundation [13k-3780-4759] FX We thank the many volunteers who made the bioretention test possible including Julann Spromberg, Richard Edmunds, Mary Jean Willis, Lyndal Johnson, Kate Macneale, Alisan Beck, Tiffany Linbo, and Tanya Swarts. This research project received agency funding from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Coastal Storms Program), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Contaminants Program, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10. Additional funding was supplied by a Russell Family Foundation grant to JDS (13k-3780-4759). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Findings and conclusions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the sponsoring organizations. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2015 VL 132 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.052 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK0GE UT WOS:000355882900030 PM 25576131 ER PT J AU Zhang, C Choe, L Seif, M Zhang, Z AF Zhang, Chao Choe, Lisa Seif, Mina Zhang, Zhe TI Behavior of axially loaded steel short columns subjected to a localized fire SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Steel short columns; Localized fire; Failure temperature; Temperature gradient; Local buckling; Numerical simulation ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES AB Steel short columns are used in building structures. The heating conditions in real building fires are non-uniform. The structural fire design approaches in the Eurocode are based on uniform heating conditions. This paper presents a numerical investigation on the behavior of steel short columns subjected to a localized fire. The effect of non-uniform heating condition on the failure temperature of axially loaded steel short columns is studied. Failure temperature is defined here as the maximum temperature in a steel column at failure (e.g. the onset of buckling or squashing). Simple thermal models were used to calculate the temperature of steel short columns in localized fire conditions. Sequentially coupled thermal-mechanical simulations were conducted. The study finds that the failure temperature of steel short columns in a localized fire is much higher than that of columns with a uniform temperature. The failure temperature in a localized fire might be slightly lower (within 20 degrees C) than that in the standard ISO 834 fire. The Eurocode design equations give conservative results of the failure temperature for steel short columns subjected to localized fires. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Chao; Choe, Lisa; Seif, Mina] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Zhe] Zhengzhou Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, Z (reprint author), Zhengzhou Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, Peoples R China. EM chao.zhang@nist.gov; zhangzhe_77@163.com NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-974X EI 1873-5983 J9 J CONSTR STEEL RES JI J. Constr. Steel. Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 111 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.11.012 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA CK3IK UT WOS:000356109600010 ER PT J AU Lin, H Reed, ZD Sironneau, VT Hodges, JT AF Lin, H. Reed, Z. D. Sironneau, V. T. Hodges, J. T. TI Cavity ring-down spectrometer for high-fidelity molecular absorption measurements SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Cavity ring-down spectroscopy; Line shape; Carbon dioxide; Speed dependent effects ID DEPENDENT COLLISIONAL WIDTH; MU-M; TRANSITION FREQUENCIES; LASER PHASE; LINE-SHAPES; SPECTROSCOPY; BAND; O-2; CO; ASYMMETRIES AB We present a cavity ring-down spectrometer which was developed for near-infrared measurements of laser absorption by atmospheric greenhouse gases. This system has several important attributes that make it possible to conduct broad spectral surveys and to determine line-by-line parameters with wide dynamic range, and high spectral resolution, sensitivity and accuracy. We demonstrate a noise-equivalent absorption coefficient of 4 x 10(-12) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) and a signal-to-noise ratio of 1.5 x 10(6):1 in an absorption spectrum of carbon monoxide. We also present high-resolution measurements of trace methane in air spanning more than 1.2 THz and having a frequency axing with an uncertainty less than 100 kHz. Finally, we discuss how this system enables stringent tests of advanced line shape models. To illustrate, we measured an air-broadened carbon dioxide transition over a wide pressure range and analyzed these data with a multi-spectrum fit of the partially correlated, quadratic speed-dependent Nelkin-Ghatak profile. We obtained a quality-of-fit parameter in the multispectrum fit equal to 36,000, thus quantifying small-but-measurable limitations of the model profile. This analysis showed that the line shape depends upon collisional narrowing, speed dependent effects and partial correlations between velocity- and phase-changing collisions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lin, H.; Reed, Z. D.; Sironneau, V. T.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lin, H.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov FU Greenhouse Gas and Climate Sciences Measurements Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the Greenhouse Gas and Climate Sciences Measurements Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 161 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.03.026 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA CK4LW UT WOS:000356196300002 ER PT J AU Long, DA Wojtewicz, S Miller, CE Hodges, JT AF Long, D. A. Wojtewicz, S. Miller, C. E. Hodges, J. T. TI Frequency-agile, rapid scanning cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FARS-CRDS) measurements of the (30012)<-(00001) near-infrared carbon dioxide band SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Cavity ring-down spectroscopy; Line shape effects; Line mixing ID MU-M; ACETYLENE; POSITIONS; AIR; CO2; TRANSITIONS; INTENSITIES; STANDARD; LINES AB We present new high accuracy measurements of the (30012)<-(00001) CO2 band near 1575 nm recorded with a frequency-agile, rapid scanning cavity ring-down spectrometer. The resulting spectra were fit with the partially correlated, quadratic-speed-dependent Nelkin-Ghatak profile with line mixing. Significant differences were observed between the fitted line shape parameters and those found in existing databases, which are based upon more simplistic line profiles. Absolute transition frequencies, which were referenced to an optical frequency comb, are given, as well as the other line shape parameters needed to model this line profile. These high accuracy measurements should allow for improved atmospheric retrievals of greenhouse gas concentrations by current and future remote sensing missions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Long, D. A.; Wojtewicz, S.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wojtewicz, S.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RP Long, DA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.long@nist.gov RI Wojtewicz, Szymon/A-5425-2015 FU NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program; Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project; EU European Regional Development Fund; Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) mission [11-OCO211-0006 NRA NNH11ZDA001N]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX Support was provided by the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program. S. W. was partially supported by the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project co-financed by the EU European Regional Development Fund. Additional support was provided by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) mission (11-OCO211-0006 NRA NNH11ZDA001N). The research performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology was conducted under contract from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 161 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.03.031 PG 6 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA CK4LW UT WOS:000356196300004 ER PT J AU Franaszek, M Shah, M Cheok, GS Saidi, KS AF Franaszek, Marek Shah, Mili Cheok, Geraldine S. Saidi, Kamel S. TI The axes of random infinitesimal rotations and the propagation of orientation uncertainty SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Pose measurement; Orientation uncertainty; Directional statistics; Kent-Fisher-Bingham distribution ID UNIT QUATERNIONS; REPRESENTATION; SPHERE AB Perception systems can measure the orientation of a solid 3D object; however, their measurements will contain some uncertainties. In many robotic applications, it is important to propagate the orientation uncertainties of a rigid object onto the uncertainties of specific points on its surface. The orientation uncertainty can be reported as a 3 x 3 covariance matrix. We show that the off-diagonal elements of this matrix provide important clues about the angular uncertainties of points on the object's surface. Specifically, large off-diagonal elements correspond to a highly concentrated distribution of axes of random infinitesimal rotations which causes large variability in the angular uncertainties of surface points. In particular, experimental data indicate that the ratio of maximum to minimum angular uncertainties can exceed three. In contrast, small off-diagonal elements correspond to a uniform distribution of axes which causes the angular uncertainty of all points on the object's surface to be almost constant. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Franaszek, Marek; Shah, Mili; Cheok, Geraldine S.; Saidi, Kamel S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shah, Mili] Loyola Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RP Franaszek, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marek@nist.gov; mishah@loyola.edu; cheok@nist.gov; kamel.saidi@nist.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 EI 1873-412X J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD AUG PY 2015 VL 72 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2015.04.020 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CK4ZZ UT WOS:000356233200009 ER PT J AU He, YP Downing, RG Wang, H AF He, Yuping Downing, R. Gregory Wang, Howard TI 3D mapping of lithium in battery electrodes using neutron activation SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Neutron depth profiling; 3D mapping; Lithium iron phosphate electrode; Lithium distribution ID LI BATTERIES; TRANSPORT; CHALLENGES; DISTRIBUTIONS; TOMOGRAPHY; LIFEPO4; NIST AB The neutron depth profiling technique based on the neutron activation reaction, Li-6 (n, alpha) H-3, was applied with two dimensional (2D) pinhole aperture scans to spatially map lithium in 3D. The technique was used to study model LiFePO4 electrodes of rechargeable batteries for spatial heterogeneities of lithium in two cathode films that had undergone different electrochemical cycling histories. The method is useful for better understanding the functioning and failure of batteries using lithium as the active element. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Yuping; Wang, Howard] SUNY Binghamton, Inst Mat Res, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [He, Yuping; Wang, Howard] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Downing, R. Gregory; Wang, Howard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Howard] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Inst Mat Res, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM wangh@binghamton.edu FU Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT)'s Global Research Outreach (GRO) Program; North East Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES), an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001294] FX This work was supported in part by the Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT)'s Global Research Outreach (GRO) Program* and the North East Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DE-SC0001294. We acknowledge the stimulating discussions with Dr. Sang Bok Ma. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 287 BP 226 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.176 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CI9AW UT WOS:000355063800028 ER PT J AU Johnson, RB Kim, SK Watson, AM Barrows, FT Kroeger, EL Nicklason, PM Goetz, GW Place, AR AF Johnson, Ronald B. Kim, Shin-Kwon Watson, Aaron M. Barrows, Frederic T. Kroeger, Eric L. Nicklason, Peter M. Goetz, Giles W. Place, Allen R. TI Effects of dietary taurine supplementation on growth, feed efficiency, and nutrient composition of juvenile sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) fed plant based feeds SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Taurine; Sablefish; Alternative feeds; 5 parameter saturated kinetics model ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; YELLOWTAIL SERIOLA-QUINQUERADIATA; PERFORMANCE; FISH; REQUIREMENT; PRODUCTS; PROTEIN; COBIA; BODY AB Juvenile sablefish were fed a low taurine, basal feed with seven graded levels of supplemental taurine to determine taurine requirements for growth and feed efficiency. The basal feed was plant based, formulated primarily with soy and corn proteins with a minimal (9%) amount of fishmeal. The unsupplemented, basal feed contained 0.14% taurine. Experimental feeds were supplemented with 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0% taurine. Using the five parameter, saturated kinetic model (5 SKM), peak weight gain was predicted at 1.5% dietary taurine. Optimum weight gain, as defined as the region of the 5 SKM curve corresponding to at least 95% of peak, was predicted between 0.4% and 5.8% dietary taurine. Peak feed efficiency was predicted at 1.1% dietary taurine with optimum weight gain predicted between 0.4% and 4.2%. Whole body and muscle tissue protein and lipid content were not affected by taurine supplementation. Tissue taurine content increased asymptotically with increasing dietary taurine supplementation. Whole body tissue became saturated at 0.25 +/- 0.02% taurine, expressed on a wet weight basis. Muscle tissue became saturated at 0.34 +/- 0.02% taurine. Results fromthis study should increase the performance of alternative, plant based feeds formulated for sablefish and enable regulatory agencies better estimate the potential human exposure to taurine fromthe consumption of sablefish receiving these feeds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Johnson, Ronald B.; Kroeger, Eric L.; Nicklason, Peter M.; Goetz, Giles W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kim, Shin-Kwon] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, New Strategy Res Ctr, Busan 619705, South Korea. [Watson, Aaron M.; Place, Allen R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Watson, Aaron M.] Marine Resources Res Inst, South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Johnson, RB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Ronald.B.Johnson@noaa.gov OI Johnson, Ronald/0000-0003-4362-123X FU US-Korea Joint Panel for Aquaculture [15-AQ-48]; Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology [15-148]; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science [5015] FX The authors wish to acknowledge Thomas Scott, Lisa Armbruster, and Frank Sommers of the Aquaculture Program at NWFSC for care of experimental animals and fish culture system maintenance. The authors also thank Rick Goetz and the staff of the Marine Fish Program at NOAA Fisheries, Manchester, WA for the gift of juvenile sablefish for the study. The authors additionally thank Steven Rawles at the USDA Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart AR for his assistance with computer programing of the NLIN-procedure in SAS statistical software. The authors lastly thank Jason Frost from the U.S. Department of Agriculture for preparing feeds for the study at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Bozeman Fish Technology Center, Bozeman, MT. This study was partially funded by the US-Korea Joint Panel for Aquaculture, grant #15-AQ-48. Additional funding was provided by contribution #15-148 of the Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology and contribution #5015 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 445 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.03.030 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CI1FS UT WOS:000354489000009 ER PT J AU Lei, L Zhang, GF Doviak, RJ Karimkashi, S AF Lei, Lei Zhang, Guifu Doviak, Richard J. Karimkashi, Shaya TI Comparison of Theoretical Biases in Estimating Polarimetric Properties of Precipitation With Weather Radar Using Parabolic Reflector, or Planar and Cylindrical Arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Antenna; cylindrical array; phased array radar; planar array; polarimetry; radiation patterns; remote sensing; weather measurement ID RAINFALL ESTIMATION; CROSS-POLARIZATION; CLASSIFICATION; WSR-88D AB Planar or cylindrical phased arrays are two candidate antennas for future polarimetric weather radar. These two candidate antennas have distinctly different attributes when used to make quantitative measurements of the polarimetric properties of precipitation. Of critical concern is meeting the required polarimetric performance for all directions of the electronically steered beam. The copolar and cross-polar radiation patterns and polarimetric parameter estimation performances of these two phased array antennas are studied and compared with that obtained using a dual-polarized parabolic reflector antenna. Results obtained from simulation show that the planar polarimetric phased array radar has unacceptable polarimetric parameter biases that require beam to beam correction, whereas biases obtained with the cylindrical polarimetric phased array radar are much lower and comparable to that obtained using the parabolic reflector antenna. C1 [Lei, Lei; Zhang, Guifu; Doviak, Richard J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lei, Lei; Zhang, Guifu; Karimkashi, Shaya] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhang, Guifu; Doviak, Richard J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Lei, L (reprint author), Delphi Elect & Safety, Kokomo, IN 46902 USA. RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014 OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2015 VL 53 IS 8 BP 4313 EP 4327 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2395714 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CE3XQ UT WOS:000351763800015 ER PT J AU Chen, S Zhang, J Mullens, E Hong, Y Behrangi, A Tian, YD Hu, XM Hu, JJ Zhang, ZX Zhang, XH AF Chen, Sheng Zhang, Jian Mullens, Esther Hong, Yang Behrangi, Ali Tian, Yudong Hu, Xiao-Ming Hu, Junjun Zhang, Zengxin Zhang, Xinhua TI Mapping the Precipitation Type Distribution Over the Contiguous United States Using NOAA/NSSL National Multi-Sensor Mosaic QPE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Radar; snow ID RADAR; CLIMATOLOGY; LAND; PRODUCT AB Understanding the Earth's energy cycle and water balance requires an understanding of the distribution of precipitation types and their total equivalent water budget estimation. The fine distribution of precipitation types over the contiguous United States (CONUS) is not yet well understood due to either unavailability or coarse resolution of previous satellite-and ground radar-based precipitation products that have difficulty in classifying precipitation. The newly available NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory ground radar network-based National Multi-Sensor Mosaic QPE (NMQ/Q2) System has provided precipitation rates and types at unprecedented high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, four years of 1 km/5 min observations derived from the NMQ are used to probe spatiotemporal distribution and characteristics of precipitation types (stratiform, convective, snow, tropical/warm (T/W), and hail) over CONUS, resulting in assessment of occurrence and volume contribution for these precipitation types through the four-year period, including seasonal distributions, with some radar coverage artifacts. These maps in general highlight the snow distribution over northwestern and northern CONUS, convective distribution over southwestern and central CONUS, hail distribution over central CONUS, and T/W distribution over southeastern CONUS. The total occurrences (contribution of total rain amount/volume) of these types are 72.88% (53.91%) for stratiform, 21.15% (7.64%) for snow, 2.95% (19.31%) for T/W, 2.77% (14.03%) for convective, and 0.24% (5.11%) for hail. This paper makes it possible to prototype a near seamless high-resolution reference for evaluating satellite swath-based precipitation type retrievals and also a potentially useful forcing database for energy-water balance budgeting and hydrological prediction for the United States. C1 [Chen, Sheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, State Key Labaratory Desert & Oasis Ecol, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. [Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhang, Jian] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Mullens, Esther] Univ Oklahoma, South Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Behrangi, Ali] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Tian, Yudong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tian, Yudong] NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hu, Xiao-Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hu, Junjun] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Zengxin] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Biol & Environm, Joint Innovat Ctr Modern Forestry Studies, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xinhua] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM chenshengbj@gmail.com; yanghong@ou.edu RI Hu, Xiao-Ming/D-8085-2011; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hu, Xiao-Ming/0000-0002-0769-5090; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing (HyDROS) Laboratory at The University of Oklahoma; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51379137, 41371419]; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering [SKHL1310] FX This work was supported in part by the Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing (HyDROS) Laboratory at The University of Oklahoma, by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51379137, and No. 41371419), and by the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering under Open Fund SKHL1310. (Corresponding authors: Yang Hong and Sheng Chen.) NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2015 VL 53 IS 8 BP 4434 EP 4443 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2399015 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CE3XQ UT WOS:000351763800023 ER PT J AU Edwards, AE Fitzgerald, SM Parrish, JK Klavitter, JL Romano, MD AF Edwards, Ann E. Fitzgerald, Shannon M. Parrish, Julia K. Klavitter, John L. Romano, Marc D. TI Foraging Strategies of Laysan Albatross Inferred from Stable Isotopes: Implications for Association with Fisheries SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BLACK-BROWED ALBATROSS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; PROVISIONING BEHAVIOR; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; BREEDING PERFORMANCE; LONGLINE FISHERIES; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 AB Fatal entanglement in fishing gear is the leading cause of population decline for albatross globally, a consequence of attraction to bait and fishery discards of commercial fishing operations. We investigated foraging strategies of Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis), as inferred from nitrogen and carbon isotope values of primary feathers, to determine breeding-related, seasonal, and historic factors that may affect the likelihood of association with Alaskan or Hawaiian longline fisheries. Feather samples were collected from live birds monitored for breeding status and breeding success on Midway Atoll in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands, birds salvaged as fisheries-bycatch, and birds added to museum collections before 1924. During the chick-rearing season (sampled April-May), means and variances of stable isotope values of birds with the highest, most consistent reproductive success were distinct from less productive conspecifics and completely different from birds caught in Hawaiian or Alaskan longline fisheries, suggesting birds with higher multi-annual reproductive success were less likely to associate with these fisheries. Contemporary birds with the highest reproductive success had mean values most similar to historic birds. Values of colony-bound, courting prebreeders were similar to active breeders but distinct from prebreeders caught in Alaskan longline fisheries. During the breeding season, delta N-15 values were highly variable for both contemporary and historic birds. Although some historic birds exhibited extremely low d15N values unmatched by contemporary birds (< 11.2%), others had values as high as the highest fishery-associated contemporary birds. During the non-breeding season (sampled July-September), isotopic variability coalesced into a more narrow set of values for both contemporary and historic birds. Our results suggest that foraging strategies of Laysan albatross are a complex function of season, breeding status, and multi-annual breeding success, factors that likely affect the probability of association with fisheries. C1 [Edwards, Ann E.; Fitzgerald, Shannon M.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Edwards, Ann E.; Parrish, Julia K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Klavitter, John L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Midway Atoll Natl Wildlife Refuge, Papah Naumoku Kea Marine Natl Monument, Falls Church, VA USA. [Romano, Marc D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Birds & Habitat Programs, Portland, OR USA. RP Edwards, AE (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aee@uw.edu FU NOAA National Seabird Grant FX This research was initiated while AEE held a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Award at NOAA's Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Funding for feather shipment and stable isotope analysis came from an NOAA National Seabird Grant to SMF and AEE. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The views presented are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent those of the funders. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0133471 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0133471 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO0JY UT WOS:000358838400039 PM 26230731 ER PT J AU Anderegg, WRL Schwalm, C Biondi, F Camarero, JJ Koch, G Litvak, M Ogle, K Shaw, JD Shevliakova, E Williams, AP Wolf, A Ziaco, E Pacala, S AF Anderegg, W. R. L. Schwalm, C. Biondi, F. Camarero, J. J. Koch, G. Litvak, M. Ogle, K. Shaw, J. D. Shevliakova, E. Williams, A. P. Wolf, A. Ziaco, E. Pacala, S. TI Pervasive drought legacies in forest ecosystems and their implications for carbon cycle models SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AMAZON RAIN-FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RESILIENCE; EXTREMES; VARIABILITY; ALLOCATION; FEEDBACKS; SAVANNA; DIEBACK; CANOPY AB The impacts of climate extremes on terrestrial ecosystems are poorly understood but important for predicting carbon cycle feedbacks to climate change. Coupled climate-carbon cycle models typically assume that vegetation recovery from extreme drought is immediate and complete, which conflicts with the understanding of basic plant physiology. We examined the recovery of stem growth in trees after severe drought at 1338 forest sites across the globe, comprising 49,339 site-years, and compared the results with simulated recovery in climate-vegetation models. We found pervasive and substantial "legacy effects" of reduced growth and incomplete recovery for 1 to 4 years after severe drought. Legacy effects were most prevalent in dry ecosystems, among Pinaceae, and among species with low hydraulic safety margins. In contrast, limited or no legacy effects after drought were simulated by current climate-vegetation models. Our results highlight hysteresis in ecosystem-level carbon cycling and delayed recovery from climate extremes. C1 [Anderegg, W. R. L.; Wolf, A.; Ziaco, E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Anderegg, W. R. L.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Anderegg, W. R. L.] Univ Arizona, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Schwalm, C.; Koch, G.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Schwalm, C.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Biondi, F.; Ziaco, E.] Univ Nevada, DendroLab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Biondi, F.; Ziaco, E.] Univ Nevada, Grad Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Camarero, J. J.] CSIC, Inst Pirenaico Ecol, Zaragoza 50192, Spain. [Litvak, M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ogle, K.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Shaw, J. D.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Shevliakova, E.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Williams, A. P.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Anderegg, WRL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM anderegg@princeton.edu RI Biondi, Franco/G-2536-2010; Williams, Park/B-8214-2016; OI Biondi, Franco/0000-0003-0651-104X; Williams, Park/0000-0001-8176-8166; Camarero, J. Julio/0000-0003-2436-2922 FU NSF [DEB EF-1340270]; NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship FX Funding for this research was provided by NSF (grant no. DEB EF-1340270). W.R.L.A. was supported in part by a NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the funding agencies. All tree-ring data are available at www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/tree-ring. We thank all data contributers at the International Tree-Ring Data Bank. All CMIP5 data are available at http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/data_portal.html. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in the supplementary materials) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led the development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 38 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 31 U2 165 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 349 IS 6247 BP 528 EP 532 DI 10.1126/science.aab1833 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN8SP UT WOS:000358713300054 PM 26228147 ER PT J AU Kretzschmar, HJ Feistel, R Wagner, W Miyagawa, K Harvey, AH Cooper, JR Hiegemann, M Blangetti, FL Orlov, KA Weber, I Singh, A Herrmann, S AF Kretzschmar, Hans-Joachim Feistel, Rainer Wagner, Wolfgang Miyagawa, Kiyoshi Harvey, Allan H. Cooper, Jeff R. Hiegemann, Michael Blangetti, Francisco L. Orlov, Konstantin A. Weber, Ingo Singh, Anurag Herrmann, Sebastian TI The IAPWS industrial formulation for the thermodynamic properties of seawater SO DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE Seawater; Thermodynamics; Industrial use; Gibbs function; Brine ice; Brine vapor ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; OCEANOGRAPHIC APPLICATION; NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION; LIQUID WATER; HUMID AIR; ICE; POTENTIALS; SALINITY; STANDARD AB In 2008, the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) adopted a standard formulation for the thermodynamic properties of seawater as a sum of contributions to the Gibbs free energy from pure water and from dissolved sea salt. For pure water, the IAPWS formulation for general and scientific use (IAPWS-95) was used. However, for industrial uses such as desalination and seawater power-plant cooling, it is likely to be more convenient to use the computationally simpler IAPWS formulation for industrial use (IAPWS-IF97), which is standard in the steam power industry. This paper documents this approach and gives formulas for calculating thermodynamic properties of seawater and steam (volume, enthalpy, isobaric heat capacity, etc.). The calculation of colligative properties (such as boiling and freezing points and osmotic pressure) is also described, as is the calculation of properties of two-phase states such as brine-vapor and brine-ice (sea ice). The computing speeds for these calculations are faster than those using IAPWS-95 by factors on the order of 100-200. The use of IAPWS-IF97 instead of IAPWS-95 for industrial seawater calculations is endorsed in IAPWS Advisory Note No. 5: Industrial Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Seawater. This use is valid for IAPSO Standard Seawater with sea salt of the Reference Composition in specified regions inside the pressure, temperature, and salinity ranges of 0.3kPap100MPa, 261KT353K, and 0 <= 0.12kgkg(-1). C1 [Kretzschmar, Hans-Joachim; Herrmann, Sebastian] Zittau Goerlitz Univ Appl Sci, Zittau, Germany. [Feistel, Rainer] Balt Sea Res Inst, Warnemunde, Germany. [Wagner, Wolfgang] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Bochum, Germany. [Harvey, Allan H.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Cooper, Jeff R.] Univ London, London, England. [Hiegemann, Michael; Blangetti, Francisco L.] ALSTOM Switzerland Ltd, Baden, Switzerland. [Orlov, Konstantin A.] Moscow Power Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Weber, Ingo] Siemens AG, Energy Sect, Erlangen, Germany. RP Kretzschmar, HJ (reprint author), Zittau Goerlitz Univ Appl Sci, Zittau, Germany. EM hj.kretzschmar@hszg.de; rainer.feistel@io-warnemuende.de; wagner@thermo.rub.de; miyagawa.kiyoshi@nifty.com; allan.harvey@nist.gov; j.r.cooper@qmul.ac.uk; michael.hiegemann@power.alstom.com; francisco.blangetti@power.alstom.com; orlov@twt.mpei.ru; ingo.iw.weber@siemens.com; anurag.singh@ge.com; s.herrmann@hszg.de NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1944-3994 EI 1944-3986 J9 DESALIN WATER TREAT JI Desalin. Water Treat. PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1177 EP 1199 DI 10.1080/19443994.2014.925838 PG 23 WC Engineering, Chemical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA CM3OR UT WOS:000357592300006 ER PT J AU Galyean, AA Vreeland, WN Filliben, JJ Holbrook, RD Ripple, DC Weinberg, HS AF Galyean, Anne A. Vreeland, Wyatt N. Filliben, James J. Holbrook, R. David Ripple, Dean C. Weinberg, Howard S. TI Using light scattering to evaluate the separation of polydisperse nanoparticles SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Separation; Multi angle light scattering; Quasi-elastic light scattering; Polydisperse; Nanoparticle; Flow field flow fractionation ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; OPTIMIZATION; COLLOIDS; SAMPLES AB The analysis of natural and otherwise complex samples is challenging and yields uncertainty about the accuracy and precision of measurements. Here we present a practical tool to assess relative accuracy among separation protocols for techniques using light scattering detection. Due to the highly non-linear relationship between particle size and the intensity of scattered light, a few large particles may obfuscate greater numbers of small particles. Therefore, insufficiently separated mixtures may result in an overestimate of the average measured particle size. Complete separation of complex samples is needed to mitigate this challenge. A separation protocol can be considered improved if the average measured size is smaller than a previous separation protocol. Further, the protocol resulting in the smallest average measured particle size yields the best separation among those explored. If the differential in average measured size between protocols is less than the measurement uncertainty, then the selected protocols are of equivalent precision. As a demonstration, this assessment metric is applied to optimization of cross flow (V-x) protocols in asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF(4)) separation interfaced with online quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) detection using mixtures of polystyrene beads spanning a large size range. Using this assessment metric, the V-x parameter was modulated to improve separation until the average measured size of the mixture was in statistical agreement with the calculated average size of particles in the mixture. While we demonstrate this metric by improving AF(4) V-x protocols, it can be applied to any given separation parameters for separation techniques that employ dynamic light scattering detectors. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Galyean, Anne A.; Weinberg, Howard S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Vreeland, Wyatt N.; Ripple, Dean C.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Filliben, James J.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Holbrook, R. David] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Galyean, AA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM galyean@live.unc.edu; wyatt.vreeland@nist.gov; james.filliben@nist.gov; dave.holbrook@nist.gov; dean.ripple@nist.gov; howard_weinberg@unc.edu OI Galyean, Anne/0000-0003-0150-2152 FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE-1144081]; National Institutes of Health [T32ES007018]; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. (DGE-1144081). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. This research was supported, in part, by funds from the National Institutes of Health (T32ES007018) and through an Off-Campus Dissertation Research Fellowship from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The authors also acknowledge helpful discussions with John Pettibone, Ph.D., of the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 EI 1873-4324 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 886 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2015.06.027 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CQ5KW UT WOS:000360643800025 PM 26320655 ER PT J AU Cohen, I Richerme, P Gong, ZX Monroe, C Retzker, A AF Cohen, I. Richerme, P. Gong, Z. -X. Monroe, C. Retzker, A. TI Simulating the Haldane phase in trapped-ion spins using optical fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-SYSTEMS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; ENTANGLEMENT; PROPAGATION; CHAINS AB We propose to experimentally explore the Haldane phase in spin-one XXZ antiferromagnetic chains using trapped ions. We show how to adiabatically prepare the ground states of the Haldane phase, demonstrate their robustness against sources of experimental noise, and propose ways to detect the Haldane ground states based on their excitation gap and exponentially decaying correlations, nonvanishing nonlocal string order, and doubly degenerate entanglement spectrum. C1 [Cohen, I.; Retzker, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Israel. [Richerme, P.; Gong, Z. -X.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Richerme, P.; Gong, Z. -X.; Monroe, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gong, Z. -X.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cohen, I (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Israel. RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011; Gong, Zhexuan/G-4348-2016 FU European Commission (STREP EQuaM Grant) [323714]; AFOSR; ARO; ARL; AFOSR MURI; Israel Science Foundation [039-8823]; NSF PIF; NSF PFC at the JQI FX We thank Erez Berg, Dror Orgad, Aaron Lee, Jacob Smith, Crystal Senko, and Alexey Gorshkov for useful discussions and acknowledge the support of the European Commission (STREP EQuaM Grant Agreement No. 323714). Z.-X.G. acknowledges the support of AFOSR, NSF PIF, the ARO, NSF PFC at the JQI, the ARL, and the AFOSR MURI. A.R. acknowledges the support of the Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 039-8823). NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 1 AR 012334 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.012334 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CO0KG UT WOS:000358839200002 ER PT J AU Laiz-Carrion, R Gerard, T Uriarte, A Malca, E Quintanilla, JM Muhling, BA Alemany, F Privoznik, SL Shiroza, A Lamkin, JT Garcia, A AF Laiz-Carrion, Raul Gerard, Trika Uriarte, Amaya Malca, Estrella Maria Quintanilla, Jose Muhling, Barbara A. Alemany, Francisco Privoznik, Sarah L. Shiroza, Akihiro Lamkin, John T. Garcia, Alberto TI Trophic Ecology of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnusthynnus) Larvae from the Gulf of Mexico and NW Mediterranean Spawning Grounds: A Comparative Stable Isotope Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SUMMER MESOSCALE FEATURES; AUXIS-ROCHEI LARVAE; MARINE FISH LARVAE; TRICHODESMIUM SPP.; THYNNUS LARVAE; FOOD WEBS; RETENTION EFFICIENCY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB The present study uses stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon (delta(15)Nand delta C-13) as trophic indicators for Atlantic bluefin tuna larvae (BFT) (6-10 mm standard length) in the highly contrasting environmental conditions of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and the Balearic Sea (MED). These regions are differentiated by their temperature regime and relative productivity, with the GOM being significantly warmer and more productive. MED BFT larvae showed the highest delta N-15 signatures, implying an elevated trophic position above the underlying microzooplankton baseline. Ontogenetic dietary shifts were observed in the BFT larvae from the GOM and MED which indicates early life trophodynamics differences between these spawning habitats. Significant trophic differences between the GOM and MED larvae were observed in relation to delta N-15 signatures in favour of the MED larvae, which may have important implications in their growth during their early life stages. These low delta N-15 levels in the zooplankton from the GOM may be an indication of a shifting isotopic baseline in pelagic food webs due to diatrophic inputs by cyanobacteria. Lack of enrichment for delta N-15 in BFT larvae compared to zooplankton implies an alternative grazing pathway from the traditional food chain of phytoplankton-zooplankton-larval fish. Results provide insight for a comparative characterization of the trophic pathways variability of the two main spawning grounds for BFT larvae. C1 [Laiz-Carrion, Raul; Uriarte, Amaya; Maria Quintanilla, Jose; Garcia, Alberto] Inst Espanol Oceanog, Ctr Oceanog Malaga COM IEO, Fuengirola, Spain. [Gerard, Trika; Lamkin, John T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Miami, FL USA. [Gerard, Trika; Malca, Estrella; Privoznik, Sarah L.; Shiroza, Akihiro] Univ Phoenix, Miramar, FL USA. [Malca, Estrella; Privoznik, Sarah L.; Shiroza, Akihiro] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Muhling, Barbara A.] Princeton Univ Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ USA. [Muhling, Barbara A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Alemany, Francisco] Inst Espanol Oceanog, Ctr Oceanog Baleares COB IEO, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Island, Spain. RP Laiz-Carrion, R (reprint author), Inst Espanol Oceanog, Ctr Oceanog Malaga COM IEO, Fuengirola, Spain. EM raul.laiz@ma.ieo.es OI Alemany, F. (Francisco)/0000-0001-6265-5545 FU Assessment of the Atlantic bluefin TunA population breeding in the western MEditerranean (ATAME) - Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CTM2011-29525-C04-02]; Accounting for the Influence of Feeding Success on the Growth and Survival of Bluefin Tuna Larvae in Stock Assessment Efforts [13BTRP009]; Spanish Institute of Oceanography of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitively [FPI-IEO (2011/03)] FX This work was supported by CTM2011-29525-C04-02 grant project, "Assessment of the Atlantic bluefin TunA population breeding in the western MEditerranean (ATAME)", funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and grant# 13BTRP009 to BM, "Accounting for the Influence of Feeding Success on the Growth and Survival of Bluefin Tuna Larvae in Stock Assessment Efforts" founded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Bluefin Tuna Research Program (BTRP). A.U. was funded by a predoctoral fellowship FPI-IEO (2011/03) by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitively. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 100 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0133406 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0133406 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO0JT UT WOS:000358837700021 PM 26225849 ER PT J AU Guan, XD Huang, JP Guo, RX Lin, P AF Guan, Xiaodan Huang, Jianping Guo, Ruixia Lin, Pu TI The role of dynamically induced variability in the recent warming trend slowdown over the Northern Hemisphere SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; COLD-SEASON; TEMPERATURE; 20TH-CENTURY; PACIFIC; SIGNAL; CMIP5 AB Since the slowing of the trend of increasing surface air temperature (SAT) in the late 1990 s, intense interest and debate have arisen concerning the contribution of human activities to the warming observed in previous decades. Although several explanations have been proposed for the warming-trend slowdown (WTS), none has been generally accepted. We investigate the WTS using a recently developed methodology that can successfully identify and separate the dynamically induced and radiatively forced SAT changes from raw SAT data. The dynamically induced SAT changes exhibited an obvious cooling effect relative to the warming effect of the adjusted SAT in the hiatus process. A correlation analysis suggests that the changes are dominated primarily by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Our results confirm that dynamically induced variability caused the WTS. The radiatively forced SAT changes are determined mainly by anthropogenic forcing, indicating the warming influence of greenhouse gases (GHGs), which reached levels of 400 ppm during the hiatus period. Therefore, the global SAT will not remain permanently neutral. The increased radiatively forced SAT will be amplified by increased dynamically induced SAT when the natural mode returns to a warming phase in the next period. C1 [Guan, Xiaodan; Huang, Jianping; Guo, Ruixia] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Minist Educ, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Lin, Pu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Huang, JP (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Minist Educ, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM hjp@lzu.edu.cn RI Guan, Xiaodan/K-6425-2016; Lin, Pu/D-4393-2014 OI Guan, Xiaodan/0000-0003-3716-4503; Lin, Pu/0000-0003-2577-6094 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB955301]; National Science Foundation of China [41305009]; China 111 project [B 13045] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB955301), the National Science Foundation of China (41305009) and the China 111 project (No. B 13045). The authors acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP) Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM), the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals (GO-ESSP) for producing the CMIP5 model simulations and making them available for analysis. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 12669 DI 10.1038/srep12669 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO0VP UT WOS:000358872000001 PM 26223491 ER PT J AU Blum, LW Halford, A Millan, R Bonnell, JW Goldstein, J Usanova, M Engebretson, M Ohnsted, M Reeves, G Singer, H Clilverd, M Li, X AF Blum, L. W. Halford, A. Millan, R. Bonnell, J. W. Goldstein, J. Usanova, M. Engebretson, M. Ohnsted, M. Reeves, G. Singer, H. Clilverd, M. Li, X. TI Observations of coincident EMIC wave activity and duskside energetic electron precipitation on 18-19 January 2013 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE EMIC waves; electron precipitation; radiation belts ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; PITCH-ANGLE SCATTERING; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON; RADIATION BELT; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; PLASMAPAUSE; SIMULATION; SATELLITES; SAMPEX AB Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves have been suggested to be a cause of radiation belt electron loss to the atmosphere. Here simultaneous, magnetically conjugate measurements are presented of EMIC wave activity, measured at geosynchronous orbit and on the ground, and energetic electron precipitation, seen by the Balloon Array for Radiation belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) campaign, on two consecutive days in January 2013. Multiple bursts of precipitation were observed on the duskside of the magnetosphere at the end of 18 January and again late on 19 January, concurrent with particle injections, substorm activity, and enhanced magnetospheric convection. The structure, timing, and spatial extent of the waves are compared to those of the precipitation during both days to determine when and where EMIC waves cause radiation belt electron precipitation. The conjugate measurements presented here provide observational support of the theoretical picture of duskside interaction of EMIC waves and MeV electrons leading to radiation belt loss. C1 [Blum, L. W.; Bonnell, J. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Halford, A.; Millan, R.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Goldstein, J.] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Usanova, M.; Li, X.] Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO USA. [Engebretson, M.; Ohnsted, M.] Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Reeves, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Singer, H.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Clilverd, M.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Blum, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lwblum@ssl.berkeley.edu OI Blum, Lauren/0000-0002-4797-5476; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Halford, Alexa/0000-0002-5383-4602 FU JHU/APL [922613]; BARREL [NNX08AM58G]; NASA [NNX15AF56G]; NSF [PLR-1341493]; Natural Environmental Research Council under Antarctic Funding Initiative [AFI/11/22]; International Space Science Institute International Teams program; Canadian Space Agency FX This work was supported in part by the JHU/APL contract 922613 (RBSP-EFW). The Dartmouth portion of this work was supported by the BARREL grant NNX08AM58G. X. Li acknowledges NASA grant NNX15AF56G. Work at Augsburg College and provision of search coil data from Halley, Antarctica, were supported by NSF grant PLR-1341493. Test particle simulations (JG) were supported by the NASA Van Allen Probes mission's RBSP-ECT project. M.A.C. has received funding from the Natural Environmental Research Council under the Antarctic Funding Initiative (AFI/11/22). This work was also supported by the International Space Science Institute International Teams program. The authors thank I.R. Mann, D.K. Milling, and the rest of the CARISMA team for data, which can be accessed at www.carisma.ca.CARISMA is operated by the University of Alberta and funded by the Canadian Space Agency. Halley spectrograms can be accessed at space. augsburg.edu/searchcoil/browsehalley-graphs.html. The OMNI data were obtained from the GSFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov, which are derived from ACE and Wind solar wind plasma and magnetic field observations. BARREL measurements can be found at http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ and GOES at http://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov/sem/goes/.LANL SOPA data were provided by G.Reeves (reeves@lanl.gov) and are available upon request. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 14 BP 5727 EP 5735 DI 10.1002/2015GL065245 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO7CU UT WOS:000359316100007 ER PT J AU Jacox, MG Bograd, SJ Hazen, EL Fiechter, J AF Jacox, Michael G. Bograd, Steven J. Hazen, Elliott L. Fiechter, Jerome TI Sensitivity of the California Current nutrient supply to wind, heat, and remote ocean forcing SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE upwelling; nitrate; wind; heat flux; climate variability; California Current System ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CURRENT SYSTEM; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; REGIME SHIFT; INTENSIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; CHLOROPHYLL; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS AB A regional ocean model is used to evaluate the roles of wind, surface heat flux, and basin-scale climate variability in regulating the upwelled nitrate supply in the California Current. A strong positive trend in nitrate flux from 1980 to 2010 was driven almost entirely by enhanced equatorward winds, negating a weak negative trend associated with increased surface heat flux. Increased upwelling and nitrate flux are consistent with cooler surface temperatures and higher phytoplankton concentrations observed over the same period. Changes in remote ocean forcing, resulting primarily from basin-scale climate variability (e.g., El Nino-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation), drive considerable interannual fluctuations and may dominate the ecosystem response on interannual to decadal time scales. However, comparison with previously published findings suggests that local wind intensification persists through changing basin-scale climate regimes. Understanding the different time scales of variability in forcing mechanisms, and their interactions with each other, is necessary to distinguish transient ecosystem impacts from secular trends. C1 [Jacox, Michael G.; Fiechter, Jerome] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jacox, Michael G.; Bograd, Steven J.; Hazen, Elliott L.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jacox, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM mjacox@ucsc.edu FU NOAA's California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment program; NSF [OCE-1434732, OCE-1061434] FX The model output used for this study can be obtained by contacting the corresponding author. We thank Andy Moore and Chris Edwards for making the 4D-Var reanalysis used in section 2.6 available from oceanmodeling.ucsc.edu. This work was supported by NOAA's California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment program and NSF grants OCE-1434732 and OCE-1061434. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 14 BP 5950 EP 5957 DI 10.1002/2015GL065147 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO7CU UT WOS:000359316100034 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Zhao, M Lin, SJ Yang, X Anderson, W Zhang, W Rosati, A Underwood, S Zeng, F AF Zhang, S. Zhao, M. Lin, S. -J. Yang, X. Anderson, W. Zhang, W. Rosati, A. Underwood, S. Zeng, F. TI Impact of having realistic tropical cyclone frequency on ocean heat content and transport forecasts in a high-resolution coupled model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone statistics; climate prediction ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE MODEL; SIMULATION; GCM AB This study examines two sets of high-resolution coupled model forecasts starting from no-tropical cyclone (TC) and correct-TC-statistics initial conditions to understand the role of TC events on climate prediction. While the model with no-TC initial conditions can quickly spin-up TCs within a week, the initial conditions with a corrected TC distribution can produce more accurate forecast of sea surface temperature up to 1.5months and maintain larger ocean heat content up to 6months due to enhanced mixing from continuous interactions between initialized and forecasted TCs and the evolving ocean states. The TC-enhanced tropical ocean mixing strengthens the meridional heat transport in the Southern Hemisphere driven primarily by Southern Ocean surface Ekman fluxes but weakens the Northern Hemisphere poleward transport in this model. This study suggests a future plausible initialization procedure for seamless weather-climate prediction when individual convection-permitting cyclone initialization is incorporated into this TC-statistics-permitting framework. C1 [Zhang, S.; Lin, S. -J.; Anderson, W.; Zeng, F.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zhao, M.; Yang, X.; Rosati, A.] UCAR, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Zhang, W.] Princeton Univ, GFDL, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Underwood, S.] Engility Co, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Zhang, S (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Shaoqing.Zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Wei /L-5743-2015; Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; OI Zhang, Wei /0000-0001-9447-0414; Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X; Zhang, Wei/0000-0001-8134-6908 FU GFDL FX Special thanks go to Delworth and Vecchi at GFDL for their generous comments and discussions as well as their support for this work. Authors also want to express their thanks to Liwei Jia and Shan Li for their thorough examination and comments on thismanuscript as GFDL internal reviews. Contact Shaoqing Zhang (Shaoqing. Zhang@noaa.gov) for data and code requests. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 14 BP 5966 EP 5973 DI 10.1002/2015GL064745 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO7CU UT WOS:000359316100036 ER PT J AU Fueglistaler, S Radley, C Held, IM AF Fueglistaler, S. Radley, C. Held, I. M. TI The distribution of precipitation and the spread in tropical upper tropospheric temperature trends in CMIP5/AMIP simulations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tropical temperature trends; sea surface temperatures; convection ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WARMING CONTRAST; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CIRCULATION; SHIFT; ICE AB Reconciling observations and simulations of tropical upper tropospheric temperature trends remains an important problem in climate science. Examining atmospheric models running over observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs), Flannaghan et al. (2014) show that this reconciliation is affected by the SST data set used and that a precipitation-weighted SST (PSST) is valuable in explaining this result. Here we show that even for Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 AMIP) simulations forced with identical SSTs, tropical upper tropospheric temperature trends across models (and between ensemble members) show a substantial spread (standard deviation similar to 10% of the average trend). About 60% of this spread between ensemble means, as well as deviations from the ensemble means, can be explained by PSST calculated from the time-evolving precipitation in each model run. Both PSST and atmospheric temperature trends show statistical evidence for systematic differences between models. We conclude that the response of precipitation patterns to changes in SST patterns is a significant source of uncertainty for tropical temperature trends. C1 [Fueglistaler, S.; Radley, C.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fueglistaler, S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Held, I. M.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Fueglistaler, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM stf@princeton.edu RI Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006841]; Cooperative Institute for Climate Science (CICS) at Princeton [344-6126] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under DOE award DE-SC0006841. C.R. was supported by grant 344-6126 from the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science (CICS) at Princeton. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups listed in the supporting information (see also http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/CMIP5_modeling_groups.pdf) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. We thank L. Donner and Y. Ming for fruitful discussion. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful and constructive reviews. All data will be made available upon request (contact: Stephan Fueglistaler, stf@princeton.edu). NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 14 BP 6000 EP 6007 DI 10.1002/2015GL064966 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO7CU UT WOS:000359316100040 ER PT J AU Langford, AO Pierce, RB Schultz, PJ AF Langford, A. O. Pierce, R. B. Schultz, P. J. TI Stratospheric intrusions, the Santa Ana winds, and wildland fires in Southern California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE stratospheric intrusions; wildland fires; ozone ID AIR-QUALITY; OZONE; CLIMATOLOGY; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE; PROJECT; IMPACT AB The Santa Ana winds of Southern California have long been associated with wildland fires that can adversely affect air quality and lead to loss of life and property. These katabatic winds are driven primarily by thermal gradients but can be exacerbated by northerly flow associated with upper level troughs passing through the western U.S. In this paper, we show that the fire danger associated with the passage of upper level troughs can be further increased by the formation of deep tropopause folds that transport extremely dry ozone-rich air from the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere to the surface. Stratospheric intrusions can thus increase surface ozone both directly through transport and indirectly through their influence on wildland fires. We illustrate this situation with the example of the Springs Fire, which burned nearly 25,000 acres in Ventura County during May 2013. C1 [Langford, A. O.; Schultz, P. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Schultz, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Langford, AO (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew.o.langford@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643 FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX The data used in this work were obtained from the U.S. EPA AirNow-Tech (www.airnowtech.org) and California Air Resources Board (www.arb.ca.gov) online archives. The NOAA Climate Program Office funded this work. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 14 BP 6091 EP 6097 DI 10.1002/2015GL064964 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO7CU UT WOS:000359316100051 ER PT J AU McGillen, MR Bernard, F Fleming, EL Burkholder, JB AF McGillen, Max R. Bernard, Francois Fleming, Eric L. Burkholder, James B. TI HCFC-133a (CF3CH2Cl): OH rate coefficient, UV and infrared absorption spectra, and atmospheric implications SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ozone-depleting substance; photolysis; hydrochlorofluorocarbon; UV cross section ID OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCES; RATE CONSTANTS; ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORPTION; HALOGENATED METHANES; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; KINETICS; RADICALS; ETHANES; IMPACT AB HCFC-133a (CF3CH2Cl), an ozone-depleting substance, is primarily removed from the atmosphere by gas-phase reaction with OH radicals and by UV photolysis. The rate coefficient, k, for the OH+HCFC-133a reaction was measured between 233 and 379K and is given by k(T)=(9.320.8)x10(-13)exp(-(1296 +/- 28)/T), where k(296K) was measured to be (1.10 +/- 0.02)x10(-14) (cm(3)molecule(-1)s(-1)) (2 sigma precision uncertainty). The HCFC-133a UV absorption spectrum was measured between 184.95 and 240nm at 213-323K, and a spectrum parameterization is presented. The HCFC-133a atmospheric loss processes, lifetime, ozone depletion potential, and uncertainties were evaluated using a 2-D atmospheric model. The global annually averaged steady state lifetime and ozone depletion potential (ODP) were determined to be 4.45 (4.04-4.90)years and 0.017 (0.001), respectively, where the ranges are based solely on the 2 sigma uncertainty in the kinetic and photochemical parameters. The infrared absorption spectrum of HCFC-133a was measured, and its global warming potential was determined to be 380 on the 100year time horizon. C1 [McGillen, Max R.; Bernard, Francois; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McGillen, Max R.; Bernard, Francois] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fleming, Eric L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fleming, Eric L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI McGillen, Max/G-5196-2011; BERNARD, Francois/F-2864-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI McGillen, Max/0000-0002-1623-5985; BERNARD, Francois/0000-0002-6116-3167; FU NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. Supporting data are included as a data set and as one figure and five tables in an SI file; any additional data may be obtained from J.B.B. (email: James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov). NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 14 BP 6098 EP 6105 DI 10.1002/2015GL064939 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO7CU UT WOS:000359316100052 ER PT J AU Grover, JA Solano, P Orozco, LA Rolston, SL AF Grover, J. A. Solano, P. Orozco, L. A. Rolston, S. L. TI Photon-correlation measurements of atomic-cloud temperature using an optical nanofiber SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE; MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP; NEUTRAL ATOMS; SPECTROSCOPY; MANIPULATION; DYNAMICS; GUIDE; MODES; FIBER AB We develop a temperature measurement of an atomic cloud based on the temporal correlations of fluorescence photons evanescently coupled into an optical nanofiber. We measure the temporal width of the intensity-intensity correlation function due to atomic transit time and use it to determine the most probable atomic velocity, hence the temperature. This technique agrees well with standard time-of-flight temperature measurements. We confirm our results with trajectory simulations. C1 [Grover, J. A.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Grover, JA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rolston@umd.edu RI Solano, Pablo/H-5696-2013; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI; ARO Atomtronics MURI FX We gratefully acknowledge J. E. Hoffman for nanofiber fabrication, J. K. Peters for help with the field-programmable gate array for data acquisition, A. D. Cimmarusti for assistance with data processing software, H. J. Carmichael for discussions regarding simulations, and W. D. Phillips for a thoughtful reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI and the ARO Atomtronics MURI. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 1 AR 013850 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.013850 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CN7FA UT WOS:000358598300006 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Schmidt, JA Baidar, S Coburn, S Dix, B Koenig, TK Apel, E Bowdalo, D Campos, TL Eloranta, E Evans, MJ DiGangi, JP Zondlo, MA Gao, RS Haggerty, JA Hall, SR Hornbrook, RS Jacob, D Morley, B Pierce, B Reeves, M Romashkin, P ter Schure, A Volkamer, R AF Wang, Siyuan Schmidt, Johan A. Baidar, Sunil Coburn, Sean Dix, Barbara Koenig, Theodore K. Apel, Eric Bowdalo, Dene Campos, Teresa L. Eloranta, Ed Evans, Mathew J. DiGangi, Joshua P. Zondlo, Mark A. Gao, Ru-Shan Haggerty, Julie A. Hall, Samuel R. Hornbrook, Rebecca S. Jacob, Daniel Morley, Bruce Pierce, Bradley Reeves, Mike Romashkin, Pavel ter Schure, Arnout Volkamer, Rainer TI Active and widespread halogen chemistry in the tropical and subtropical free troposphere SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE atmospheric chemistry; oxidative capacity; halogens; heterogeneous chemistry; UTLS ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; AEROSOL EXTINCTION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; BROMINE CHEMISTRY; IODINE MONOXIDE; BRO COLUMNS; MERCURY; OZONE; TROPOPAUSE; IMPACT AB Halogens in the troposphere are increasingly recognized as playing an important role for atmospheric chemistry, and possibly climate. Bromine and iodine react catalytically to destroy ozone (O-3), oxidize mercury, and modify oxidative capacity that is relevant for the lifetime of greenhouse gases. Most of the tropospheric O-3 and methane (CH4) loss occurs at tropical latitudes. Here we report simultaneous measurements of vertical profiles of bromine oxide (BrO) and iodine oxide (IO) in the tropical and subtropical free troposphere (10 degrees N to 40 degrees S), and show that these halogens are responsible for 34% of the column-integrated loss of tropospheric O-3. The observed BrO concentrations increase strongly with altitude (similar to 3.4 pptv at 13.5 km), and are 2-4 times higher than predicted in the tropical free troposphere. BrO resembles model predictions more closely in stratospheric air. The largest model low bias is observed in the lower tropical transition layer (TTL) over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, and may reflect a missing inorganic bromine source supplying an additional 2.5-6.4 pptv total inorganic bromine (Br-y), or model overestimated Bry wet scavenging. Our results highlight the importance of heterogeneous chemistry on ice clouds, and imply an additional Bry source from the debromination of sea salt residue in the lower TTL. The observed levels of bromine oxidize mercury up to 3.5 times faster than models predict, possibly increasing mercury deposition to the ocean. The halogen-catalyzed loss of tropospheric O-3 needs to be considered when estimating past and future ozone radiative effects. C1 [Wang, Siyuan; Baidar, Sunil; Coburn, Sean; Dix, Barbara; Koenig, Theodore K.; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, Siyuan; Baidar, Sunil; Coburn, Sean; Koenig, Theodore K.; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schmidt, Johan A.; Jacob, Daniel] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schmidt, Johan A.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Apel, Eric; Campos, Teresa L.; Hall, Samuel R.; Hornbrook, Rebecca S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Syst Lab, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bowdalo, Dene; Evans, Mathew J.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Eloranta, Ed] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 02138 USA. [DiGangi, Joshua P.; Zondlo, Mark A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gao, Ru-Shan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Haggerty, Julie A.; Morley, Bruce; Reeves, Mike; Romashkin, Pavel] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Res Aviat Facil, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Pierce, Bradley] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [ter Schure, Arnout] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Zondlo, Mark/R-6173-2016; Evans, Mathew/A-3886-2012 OI Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Zondlo, Mark/0000-0003-2302-9554; Evans, Mathew/0000-0003-4775-032X FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1104104]; NSF; Fulbright Junior Research Award; Earth System Research Laboratory/Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences graduate fellowship; National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development Award [ATM-0847793]; Department of Energy [DE-SC0006080]; Electric Power Research Institute [EP-P27450/C13049, EP-P32238/C14974]; NASA; Danish Council for Independent Research \ Natural Sciences FX We thank Paul Ziemann for proofreading the manuscript. The TORERO project is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award AGS-1104104 (Principle Investigator: R.V.). The involvement of the NSF-sponsored Lower Atmospheric Observing Facilities, managed and operated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research Earth Observing Laboratory, is acknowledged. S.W. is a recipient of the Fulbright Junior Research Award; S.B. is a recipient of an Earth System Research Laboratory/Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences graduate fellowship. R.V. acknowledges financial support from National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development Award ATM-0847793, Department of Energy Award DE-SC0006080, and Electric Power Research Institute Contracts EP-P27450/C13049 and EP-P32238/C14974 that supported the development of the AMAX-DOAS instrument and software/data analysis tools used in this study. D.J. is supported by NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program, and J.A.S. acknowledges support from The Danish Council for Independent Research vertical bar Natural Sciences. NR 60 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 10 U2 46 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 30 BP 9281 EP 9286 DI 10.1073/pnas.1505142112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN7ZW UT WOS:000358656500053 PM 26124148 ER PT J AU Asch, RG AF Asch, Rebecca G. TI Climate change and decadal shifts in the phenology of larval fishes in the California Current ecosystem SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE phenology; fish larvae; upwelling ecosystem; California Current; global change biology ID CURRENT SYSTEM; TIME-SERIES; NORTH-SEA; LIFE-HISTORY; MARINE; OCEAN; ZOOPLANKTON; TEMPERATURE; MISMATCH; PACIFIC AB Climate change has prompted an earlier arrival of spring in numerous ecosystems. It is uncertain whether such changes are occurring in Eastern Boundary Current Upwelling ecosystems, because these regions are subject to natural decadal climate variability, and regional climate models predict seasonal delays in upwelling. To answer this question, the phenology of 43 species of larval fishes was investigated between 1951 and 2008 off southern California. Ordination of the fish community showed earlier phenological progression in more recent years. Thirty-nine percent of seasonal peaks in larval abundance occurred earlier in the year, whereas 18% were delayed. The species whose phenology became earlier were characterized by an offshore, pelagic distribution, whereas species with delayed phenology were more likely to reside in coastal, demersal habitats. Phenological changes were more closely associated with a trend toward earlier warming of surface waters rather than decadal climate cycles, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation. Species with long-term advances and delays in phenology reacted similarly to warming at the interannual time scale as demonstrated by responses to the El Nino Southern Oscillation. The trend toward earlier spawning was correlated with changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and mesozooplankton displacement volume, but not coastal upwelling. SST and upwelling were correlated with delays in fish phenology. For species with 20th century advances in phenology, future projections indicate that current trends will continue unabated. The fate of species with delayed phenology is less clear due to differences between Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change models in projected upwelling trends. C1 [Asch, Rebecca G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Asch, Rebecca G.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Asch, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rasch@princeton.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10OAR4320156]; University of California [R/FISH-210]; NOAA Nancy Foster Scholar Program; National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Grant [0333444]; San Diego Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation; Nippon Foundation-University of British Columbia Nereus Program FX D. Checkley, D. Cayan, E. Cleland, P. Hastings, T. Koslow, S. McClatchie, S. H. Nam, M. Ohman, J. Shurin, and two anonymous reviewers provided useful suggestions at various stages of this research, which contributed to improving this manuscript. I thank the many scientists who collected and processed data from California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) cruises. CalCOFI is supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant NA10OAR4320156 to the Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate. I acknowledge the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, and the individual modeling groups who contributed to the development of the CMIP3 multimodel dataset. This research was funded by California Sea Grant, University of California (R/FISH-210). Additional support was received from the NOAA Nancy Foster Scholar Program, National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Grant 0333444, San Diego Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation, and the Nippon Foundation-University of British Columbia Nereus Program. This project is associated with the California Current Ecosystem Long Term Ecological Research site. NR 91 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 13 U2 74 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 30 BP E4065 EP E4074 DI 10.1073/pnas.1421946112 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN7ZW UT WOS:000358656500014 PM 26159416 ER PT J AU Nakamura, N Ralchenko, Y Stohlker, T AF Nakamura, Nobuyuki Ralchenko, Yuri Stoehlker, Thomas TI Spectroscopy of highly charged ions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Nakamura, Nobuyuki] Univ Electrocommun, Inst Laser Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Ralchenko, Yuri] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stoehlker, Thomas] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany. RP Nakamura, N (reprint author), Univ Electrocommun, Inst Laser Sci, Tokyo, Japan. EM yuri.ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 14 SI SI AR 140201 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/48/14/140201 PG 1 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CM2RN UT WOS:000357529800001 ER PT J AU Reader, J Tauheed, A AF Reader, Joseph Tauheed, Ahmad TI Spectrum and energy levels of quadruply-ionized molybdenum (Mo V) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE wavelengths; energy levels; transition probabilities; ionization energy; vacuum; ultraviolet ID NIOBIUM; VALUES; VII; IV AB The spectrum of quadruply-ionized molybdenum Mo V was observed from 200 to 4700 angstrom with sliding spark discharges on 10.7 m normal-and grazing-incidence spectrographs. The existing analyses of this spectrum (Tauheed et al 1985 Phys. Scr. 31 369; Cabeza et al 1986 Phys. Scr. 34 223) were extended to include the 5s(2), 5p(2), 5s5d, 5s6s, 4d5f, and 4d5g configurations as well as the missing H-3(6) level of 4d4f and about 75 levels of the core-excited configuration 4p(5)4d(3). The values of the 4d5d S-1(0), 5s5p P-1(1), and 4d6p P-3(0) levels were revised. There are now about 900 lines classified as transitions between 66 even parity and 191 odd parity energy levels. Of these, about 600 lines and 130 levels are new. From the optimized energy level values, Ritz-type wavelengths were determined for about 380 lines, with uncertainties varying from 0.0003 to 0.002 angstrom . The observed configurations were theoretically interpreted by means of Hartree-Fock calculations and least-squares fits of the energy parameters to the observed levels. The fitted parameters were used to calculate oscillator strengths for all classified lines. A few unclassified lines and undesignated levels are also given. An improved value for the ionization energy was obtained by combining the observed energy of the 4d5g configuration with an ab initio calculation of its term value. The adopted value is 438 900 +/- 150 cm(-1) (54.417 +/- 0.019 eV). C1 [Reader, Joseph; Tauheed, Ahmad] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tauheed, Ahmad] Aligarh Muslim Univ, Dept Phys, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Reader, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.reader@nist.gov FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy FX A Tauheed would like to thank the members of the NIST Atomic Spectroscopy Group for their hospitality during several visits to NIST as a Guest Researcher. A Kramida provided valuable advice on the least-squares fitting calculations and comments on our derivation of the ionization energy. Helpful conversations concerning some of the theory were also held with C Froese-Fischer. This work was supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 14 SI SI AR 144001 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/48/14/144001 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CM2RN UT WOS:000357529800002 ER PT J AU Nair, PJ Froidevaux, L Kuttippurath, J Zawodny, JM Russell, JM Steinbrecht, W Claude, H Leblanc, T van Gijsel, JAE Johnson, B Swart, DPJ Thomas, A Querel, R Wang, R Anderson, J AF Nair, P. J. Froidevaux, L. Kuttippurath, J. Zawodny, J. M. Russell, J. M., III Steinbrecht, W. Claude, H. Leblanc, T. van Gijsel, J. A. E. Johnson, B. Swart, D. P. J. Thomas, A. Querel, R. Wang, R. Anderson, J. TI Subtropical and midlatitude ozone trends in the stratosphere: Implications for recovery SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE stratospheric ozone trends; ozone recovery; midlatitude ozone; subtropical ozone; lidar measurements; satellite observations ID SAGE II; TOTAL COLUMN; TIME-SERIES; SATELLITE; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION; PROFILES; STATIONS; LIDAR; HCL AB We present a comprehensive analysis of the trends of stratospheric ozone in the midlatitudes and subtropics. The analysis is performed using ground-based and space-based measurements over the light detection and ranging stations for the period 1985-2012. Also, trends are estimated for the zonal mean data made from a merged satellite data set, Global OZone Chemistry And Related trace gas Data records for the Stratosphere, over 1979-2012. The linear trends in stratospheric ozone are estimated using piecewise linear trend (PWLT) functions. The ozone trends during the increasing phase of halogens (before 1997) range from -0.2 0.08 to -1 0.07%yr(-1) in the midlatitudes and -0.2 0.06 to -0.7 0.05%yr(-1) in the subtropics at 15-45km, depending on altitude. In 1997-2012, the PWLT analyses show a positive trend, significantly different from zero at the 95% confidence intervals, toward ozone recovery in the middle- and low-latitude upper stratosphere (35-45km), and the trends are about +0.5 +/- 0.07%yr(-1) at midlatitudes and about +0.3 +/- 0.05%yr(-1) at subtropical latitudes. However, negative and insignificant trends are estimated in the lower stratosphere (15-20km) over 1997-2012 in the midlatitudes, mainly due to the dynamics, as demonstrated by the large (50-60%) contributions from the quasi-biennial oscillation, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, and planetary wave activity to recent ozone changes. This suggests that the ozone changes are governed by the interannual variations in meteorology and dynamics of the regions; these factors will influence the recovery detection time and the behavior of the recovery path to pre-1980 levels. C1 [Nair, P. J.] Ctr Earth Sci Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. [Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kuttippurath, J.] Indian Inst Technol Kharagpur, Kharagpur, W Bengal, India. [Zawodny, J. M.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Russell, J. M., III; Anderson, J.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Steinbrecht, W.; Claude, H.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Leblanc, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA. [van Gijsel, J. A. E.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Johnson, B.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Swart, D. P. J.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Thomas, A.; Querel, R.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Wang, R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Nair, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Earth Sci Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. EM pjnnair@yahoo.in RI Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010; Querel, Richard/D-3770-2015; van Gijsel, Joanna/F-8087-2010 OI Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729; Querel, Richard/0000-0001-8792-2486; FU New Zealands Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; NASA FX The ground-based lidar and ozonesonde data were obtained from the publicly available NDACC (http://www.ndacc.org) and WOUDC (http://www.woudc.org). Measurements at NIWA Lauder are core funded through New Zealands Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. The satellite data HALOE are from http://haloe.gats-inc.com/download/index.php, SAGE II from https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/, and MLS from http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/services. We thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center (LaRC) and the NASA Langley Chemistry and Dynamics Branch for providing SAGE II data, the collaborative institutes of the NASA-LaRC for maintaining HALOE data, and the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) for the MLS data. The GOZCARDS data used in this effort were acquired as part of the activities of NASA's Science Mission Directorate and are archived and distributed by the GES DISC at http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov. All the proxy data (QBO, ENSO, Aerosol, and Solar Flux) used for the regression analysis are available online, and the data sources are given in the text itself (section 3). We thank H. Nakane, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan, and T. Uekubo, Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan, for providing the lidar and ozonesonde data, respectively. A part of this work was performed during P.J.N.'s tenure at CESS Thiruvananthapuram, and hence, the affiliation of that institute is given there. P.J.N. thanks N.P. Kurian, the director of CESS, and V. Nandakumar for their help. We thank E. Kyrola of FMI, Finland, for his help with providing the trend values from their study. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was done under contract with the NASA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 14 BP 7247 EP 7257 DI 10.1002/2014JD022371 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP3TL UT WOS:000359804900034 ER PT J AU Jin, J Puigibert, MG Giner, L Slater, JA Lamont, MRE Verma, VB Shaw, MD Marsili, F Nam, SW Oblak, D Tittel, W AF Jin, J. Puigibert, M. Grimau Giner, L. Slater, J. A. Lamont, M. R. E. Verma, V. B. Shaw, M. D. Marsili, F. Nam, S. W. Oblak, D. Tittel, W. TI Entanglement swapping with quantum-memory-compatible photons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLING PHOTONS; SINGLE PHOTONS; LINEAR OPTICS; STATE; INTERFERENCE; EFFICIENCY; REPEATERS; DETECTORS; QUBITS; SYSTEM AB We report entanglement swapping with time-bin entangled photon pairs, each constituted of a 795-nm photon and a 1533-nm photon, that are created via spontaneous parametric down conversion in a nonlinear crystal. After projecting the two 1533-nm photons onto a Bell state, entanglement between the two 795-nm photons is verified by means of quantum state tomography. As an important feature, the wavelength and bandwidth of the 795-nm photons is compatible with Tm:LiNbO3-based quantum memories, making our experiment an important step towards the realization of a quantum repeater. C1 [Jin, J.; Puigibert, M. Grimau; Giner, L.; Slater, J. A.; Lamont, M. R. E.; Oblak, D.; Tittel, W.] Univ Calgary, Inst Quantum Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Verma, V. B.; Nam, S. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shaw, M. D.; Marsili, F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jin, J (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Dept Phys & Astron, 200 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM wtittel@ucalgary.ca RI Slater, Joshua/F-2523-2011; Tittel, Wolfgang/A-1600-2011 FU Alberta Innovates Technology Futures (AITF); National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Quiness Program; U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) InPho Program; Killam Trusts FX The authors thank V. Kiselyov for support with electrical engineering. We gratefully acknowledge support through Alberta Innovates Technology Futures (AITF), the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Quiness and InPho Programs, and the Killam Trusts. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. W.T. acknowledges support as a senior fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR). NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 27 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 1 AR 012329 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.012329 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CN7EW UT WOS:000358597900009 ER PT J AU Rostovtseva, TK Gurnev, PA Protchenko, O Hoogerheide, DP Yap, TL Philpott, CC Lee, JC Bezrukov, SM AF Rostovtseva, Tatiana K. Gurnev, Philip A. Protchenko, Olga Hoogerheide, David P. Yap, Thai Leong Philpott, Caroline C. Lee, Jennifer C. Bezrukov, Sergey M. TI alpha-Synuclein Shows High Affinity Interaction with Voltage-dependent Anion Channel, Suggesting Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Regulation and Toxicity in Parkinson Disease SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERMEABILITY TRANSITION PORE; OUTER-MEMBRANE; COMPLEX-I; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; FIBRIL FORMATION; INNER MEMBRANE; CANCER-CELLS; LEWY BODIES; VDAC; PROTEIN AB Participation of the small, intrinsically disordered protein alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) in Parkinson disease (PD) pathogenesis has been well documented. Although recent research demonstrates the involvement of alpha-syn in mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegeneration and suggests direct interaction of alpha-syn with mitochondria, the molecular mechanism(s) of alpha-syn toxicity and its effect on neuronal mitochondria remain vague. Here we report that at nanomolar concentrations, alpha-syn reversibly blocks the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the major channel of the mitochondrial outer membrane that controls most of the metabolite fluxes in and out of the mitochondria. Detailed analysis of the blockage kinetics of VDAC reconstituted into planar lipid membranes suggests that alpha-syn is able to translocate through the channel and thus target complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Supporting our in vitro experiments, a yeast model of PD shows that alpha-syn toxicity in yeast depends on VDAC. The functional interactions between VDAC and alpha-syn, revealed by the present study, point toward the long sought after physiological and pathophysiological roles for monomeric alpha-syn in PD and in other alpha-synucleinopathies. C1 [Rostovtseva, Tatiana K.; Gurnev, Philip A.; Hoogerheide, David P.; Bezrukov, Sergey M.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, Program Phys Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gurnev, Philip A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Protchenko, Olga; Philpott, Caroline C.] NIDDK, Liver Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hoogerheide, David P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yap, Thai Leong; Lee, Jennifer C.] NHLBI, Lab Mol Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Rostovtseva, TK (reprint author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, Program Phys Biol, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike,Bldg 9,Rm 1E-106, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rostovtt@mail.nih.gov RI Lee, Jennifer/E-9658-2015; Regan, Clinton/E-6250-2012 OI Lee, Jennifer/0000-0003-0506-8349; FU National Institutes of Health (NIH); Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD; NIDDK; NHLBI; National Science Foundation EAGER [1249199]; National Research Council at the National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, NIDDK, and NHLBI. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article.; Supported by National Science Foundation EAGER Award 1249199.; Recipient of a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the National Institutes of Health. NR 77 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 24 PY 2015 VL 290 IS 30 BP 18467 EP 18477 DI 10.1074/jbc.M115.641746 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CN5ZE UT WOS:000358512100018 PM 26055708 ER PT J AU Callol, A Reyes-Lopez, FE Roig, FJ Goetz, G Goetz, FW Amaro, C MacKenzie, SA AF Callol, Agnes Reyes-Lopez, Felipe E. Roig, Francisco J. Goetz, Giles Goetz, Frederick W. Amaro, Carmen MacKenzie, Simon A. TI An Enriched European Eel Transcriptome Sheds Light upon Host-Pathogen Interactions with Vibrio vulnificus SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DUPLEX-SPECIFIC NUCLEASE; IMMUNE-RELATED GENES; ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA; CRYPTOCARYON-IRRITANS; EXPRESSION PROFILE; VIRULENCE PLASMID; INNATE IMMUNITY; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; CELL-DEATH; SEROVAR-E AB Infectious diseases are one of the principal bottlenecks for the European eel recovery. The aim of this study was to develop a new molecular tool to be used in host-pathogen interaction experiments in the eel. To this end, we first stimulated adult eels with different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), extracted RNA from the immune-related tissues and sequenced the transcriptome. We obtained more than 2x10(6) reads that were assembled and annotated into 45,067 new descriptions with a notable representation of novel transcripts related with pathogen recognition, signal transduction and the immune response. Then, we designed a DNA-microarray that was used to analyze the early immune response against Vibrio vulnificus, a septicemic pathogen that uses the gills as the portal of entry into the blood, as well as the role of the main toxin of this species (RtxA1(3)) on this early interaction. The gill transcriptomic profiles obtained after bath infecting eels with the wild type strain or with a mutant deficient in rtxA1(3) were analyzed and compared. Results demonstrate that eels react rapidly and locally against the pathogen and that this immuneresponse is rtxA1(3)-dependent as transcripts related with cell destruction were highly up-regulated only in the gills from eels infected with the wild-type strain. Furthermore, significant differences in the immune response against the wild type and the mutant strain also suggest that host survival after V. vulnificus infection could depend on an efficient local phagocytic activity. Finally, we also found evidence of the presence of an interbranchial lymphoid tissue in European eel gills although further experiments will be necessary to identify such tissue. C1 [Callol, Agnes; Roig, Francisco J.; Amaro, Carmen] Univ Valencia, Dept Microbiol & Ecol, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. [Callol, Agnes; Reyes-Lopez, Felipe E.; MacKenzie, Simon A.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Biotecnol & Biomed, Bellaterra, Spain. [Reyes-Lopez, Felipe E.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Biol Cellular Fisiol Anim & Immunol, Bellaterra, Spain. [Goetz, Giles; Goetz, Frederick W.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [MacKenzie, Simon A.] Univ Stirling, Inst Aquaculture, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. RP MacKenzie, SA (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Biotecnol & Biomed, Bellaterra, Spain. EM simon.mackenzie@stir.ac.uk RI Amaro, Carmen/K-7873-2014; OI Amaro, Carmen/0000-0003-1323-6330; Mackenzie, Simon/0000-0003-1845-6826; Reyes-Lopez, Felipe E./0000-0002-5001-457X FU FEDER funds [AGL2011-29639]; MICINN of Spanish Government [CSD2009-00006, CSD2007-00002]; MICINN [BES-2009-024776]; CONICYT [BCH 4311/2013] FX This work was supported by AGL2011-29639 (co-funded with FEDER funds), and Consolider-Ingenio Programs CSD2009-00006 and CSD2007-00002 from MICINN of Spanish Government. Grant support to Agnes Callol (BES-2009-024776, MICINN) and Felipe E. Reyes-Lopez (BCH 4311/2013, CONICYT) are thankfully acknowledged. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 24 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0133328 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0133328 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN7NT UT WOS:000358622000078 PM 26207370 ER PT J AU Garttner, M AF Gaerttner, Martin TI Heralded W-state preparation using laser-designed superatoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We propose a scheme for preparing an ensemble of atoms in a maximally entangled W state by exploiting the Rydberg blockade effect. The success of our protocol is indicated by the detection of an ion, which thus serves as a herald for successful entangled-state preparation. The fidelity of the preparation scheme is independent of the number of atoms in the ensemble. Therefore, a small cloud of atoms in a dipole trap randomly loaded from a background gas can be reliably prepared in a maximally entangled state despite atom number fluctuations. C1 [Gaerttner, Martin] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gaerttner, Martin] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gaerttner, Martin] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Garttner, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 24 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 1 AR 013629 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.013629 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CN4YF UT WOS:000358435800007 ER PT J AU Haney, PM Yoon, HP Koirala, P Collins, RW Zhitenev, NB AF Haney, Paul M. Yoon, Heayoung P. Koirala, Prakash Collins, Robert W. Zhitenev, Nikolai B. TI Electron beam induced current in the high injection regime SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thin film photovoltaic; electron beam induced current; CdTe ID FILM SOLAR-CELLS; DIFFUSION LENGTHS; CDTE; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Electron beam induced current (EBIC) is a powerful technique which measures the charge collection efficiency of photovoltaics with sub-micron spatial resolution. The exciting electron beam results in a high generation rate density of electron-hole pairs, which may drive the system into nonlinear regimes. An analytic model is presented which describes the EBIC response when the total electron-hole pair generation rate exceeds the rate at which carriers are extracted by the photovoltaic cell, and charge accumulation and screening occur. The model provides a simple estimate of the onset of the high injection regime in terms of the material resistivity and thickness, and provides a straightforward way to predict the EBIC lineshape in the high injection regime. The model is verified by comparing its predictions to numerical simulations in one-and two-dimensions. Features of the experimental data, such as the magnitude and position of maximum collection efficiency versus electron beam current, are consistent with the three-dimensional model. C1 [Haney, Paul M.; Yoon, Heayoung P.; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoon, Heayoung P.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Koirala, Prakash; Collins, Robert W.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Haney, PM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.haney@nist.gov RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; DOE/NSF F-PACE Program [DE-EE0005405] FX HY acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. PK and RWC were supported by the DOE/NSF F-PACE Program (Contract DE-EE0005405). NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUL 24 PY 2015 VL 26 IS 29 AR 295401 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/26/29/295401 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CM3SW UT WOS:000357605500012 PM 26135502 ER PT J AU Jiang, L Xia, M Ludsin, SA Rutherford, ES Mason, DM Jarrin, JM Pangle, KL AF Jiang, Long Xia, Meng Ludsin, Stuart A. Rutherford, Edward S. Mason, Doran M. Jarrin, Jose Marin Pangle, Kevin L. TI Biophysical modeling assessment of the drivers for plankton dynamics in dreissenid-colonized western Lake Erie SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Plankton; Model; Lake Erie; FVCOM-ICM; Dreissenid mussels ID ZEBRA MUSSEL; OFFSHORE WATERS; GREAT-LAKES; PHOSPHORUS EXCRETION; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; COASTAL OCEAN; POLYMORPHA; BAY; ZOOPLANKTON; RECRUITMENT AB Given that phytoplankton and zooplankton communities have served as key ecological indicators of anthropogenic and other perturbations, a high-resolution Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) based Integrated Compartment Model (FVCOM-ICM) was implemented to investigate plankton dynamics with the inclusion of dreissenid invasion in Lake Erie, particularly in the most productive western basin. After identifying suitable horizontal and vertical resolutions that allowed for accurate depiction of in-lake nutrient concentrations and plankton biomass, we explored how variation in nutrient (phosphorus, nitrogen) loading and dreissenid mussel density could influence plankton dynamics. Our scenario-testing showed that western Lake Erie's phytoplankton community appeared more limited by phosphorus than nitrogen on both seasonal and interannual scales with light limitation occurring in the nearshore and Maumee River plume areas. Dreissenid mussel impacts varied temporally, with phytoplankton communities being highly influenced by dreissenid nutrient excretion at times (under low nutrient availability) and dreissenid grazing at other times (under bloom conditions). It was concluded that the effect of zooplankton predation on phytoplankton was stronger than that of dreissenid mussels, and that multiple algal groups could promote the efficiency of nutrient assimilation and the overall plankton production. Additionally, river inputs and wind-driven water circulation were important by causing heterogeneity in habitat conditions through nutrient advection and vertical mixing, and wind-induced surface waves could result in non-negligible down-wind redistribution of plankton biomass, which increased with wind/wave magnitude. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Long; Xia, Meng] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.; Mason, Doran M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Jarrin, Jose Marin; Pangle, Kevin L.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP Xia, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM mxia@umes.edu OI Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243; Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; NSF Stampede [TG-OCE120008]; Department Teaching Assistantship FX This project was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Research was carried on NSF Stampede (Project number TG-OCE120008, support to M. Xia). L. Jiang was also partially supported by a Department Teaching Assistantship. Thanks to T. Khangaonkar of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for sharing a version of FVCOM-ICM with us. The Authors also thanks for the comments from two anonymous reviewers. This is contribution number 1761 of NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 24 PY 2015 VL 308 BP 18 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.04.004 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CJ7VL UT WOS:000355708400003 ER PT J AU Huggins, JL Raverty, SA Norman, SA Calambokidis, J Gaydos, JK Duffield, DA Lambourn, DM Rice, JM Hanson, B Wilkinson, K Jeffries, SJ Norberg, B Barre, L AF Huggins, Jessica L. Raverty, Stephen A. Norman, Stephanie A. Calambokidis, John Gaydos, Joseph K. Duffield, Deborah A. Lambourn, Dyanna M. Rice, James M. Hanson, Brad Wilkinson, Kristin Jeffries, Steven J. Norberg, Brent Barre, Lynne TI Increased harbor porpoise mortality in the Pacific Northwest, USA: understanding when higher levels may be normal SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Phocoena phocoena; Stranding; Pacific Northwest; Unusual mortality event ID PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; MARINE MAMMALS; CRYPTOCOCCUS-GATTII; POSTMORTEM FINDINGS; WASHINGTON; INFECTION; ABUNDANCE; DEATH AB In 2006, a marked increase in harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena strandings were reported in the Pacific Northwest of the USA, resulting in the declaration of an unusual mortality event (UME) for Washington and Oregon to facilitate investigation into potential causes. The UME was in place during all of 2006 and 2007, and a total of 114 porpoises stranded during this period. Responders examined 95 porpoises; of these, detailed necropsies were conducted on 75 animals. Here we review the findings related to this event and how these compared to the years immediately before and after the UME. Relatively equal numbers among sexes and age classes were represented, and mortalities were attributed to a variety of specific causes, most of which were categorized as trauma or infectious disease. Continued monitoring of strandings during 4 yr following the UME showed no decrease in occurrence. The lack of a single major cause of mortality or evidence of a significant change or event, combined with high levels of strandings over several post-UME years, demonstrated that this was not an actual mortality event but was likely the result of a combination of factors, including: (1) a growing population of harbor porpoises; (2) expansion of harbor porpoises into previously sparsely populated areas in Washington's inland waters; and (3) a more well established stranding network that resulted in better reporting and response. This finding would not have been possible without the integrated response and investigation undertaken by the stranding network. C1 [Huggins, Jessica L.; Calambokidis, John] Collective, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Raverty, Stephen A.] British Columbia Minist Agr, Ctr Anim Hlth, Abbotsford, BC V3G 2M3, Canada. [Norman, Stephanie A.] Cent Puget Sound Marine Mammal Stranding Network, Orca Network, Greenbank, WA 98253 USA. [Norman, Stephanie A.] Marine Med Marine Res Epidemiol & Vet Med, Bothell, WA 98021 USA. [Gaydos, Joseph K.] Univ Calif Davis, UC Davis Wildlife Hlth Center, Orcas Isl Off, Eastsound, WA 98245 USA. [Duffield, Deborah A.] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Lambourn, Dyanna M.; Jeffries, Steven J.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Mammal Investigat, Lakewood, WA 98498 USA. [Rice, James M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hanson, Brad] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Wilkinson, Kristin; Norberg, Brent; Barre, Lynne] NOAA Fisheries, Off Protected Resources, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Huggins, JL (reprint author), Collective, 218 1-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM jhuggins@cascadiaresearch.org FU John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program; Marine Mammal Unusual Mortality Event Fund FX Many Northwest Marine Mammal Stranding Network participants facilitated the response, recovery, and examination of stranded porpoises; we particularly thank Amy Traxler of the Whale Museum and the volunteers of the San Juan County Marine Mammal Stranding Network; Susan Berta, Sandy Dubpernell, and Matt Klope of Central Puget Sound Marine Mammal Stranding Network; staff and volunteers of Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Washington State Parks; and Keith Chandler of Seaside Aquarium for their response assistance. We also thank Nelio Barros for examining porpoises from northern Oregon and southern Washington. Rob Bildfell of Oregon State University processed the Oregon cases sent to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and provided valuable feedback on other case material. Food habit analysis was undertaken by William Walker of the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona was performed by Dr. Mike Griggs of the National Institutes of Health. Funding for stranding response and tissue analysis was provided by the John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program and the Marine Mammal Unusual Mortality Event Fund. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL 23 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 2 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.3354/dao02887 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA CN5ZK UT WOS:000358512700001 PM 26203880 ER PT J AU Work, TM Balazs, GH Summers, TM Hapdei, JR Tagarino, AP AF Work, Thierry M. Balazs, George H. Summers, Tammy M. Hapdei, Jessy R. Tagarino, Alden P. TI Causes of mortality in green turtles from Hawaii and the insular Pacific exclusive of fibropapillomatosis SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Green turtle; Chelonia mydas; Mortality; Pathology; Trauma; Infectious disease; Nutrition; Pacific ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; SEA-TURTLES; LOGGERHEAD TURTLE; CARETTA-CARETTA; YOLK COELOMITIS; CANARY-ISLANDS; INFECTION; PATHOLOGY; OSTEOARTHRITIS; STRANDINGS AB Fibropapillomatosis (FP) comprises a majority of green turtle stranding in Hawaii; however, green turtles in the Pacific are also susceptible to non-FP related causes of death. We present here necropsy findings from 230 free-ranging green turtles originating from Hawaii, the Mariana archipelago, Palmyra Atoll, American Samoa, and Johnston Atoll that died from non-FP related causes. Most turtles died from fishing-induced or boat strike trauma followed by infectious/inflammatory diseases, nutritional problems (mainly cachexia), and an array of physiologic problems. Infectious/inflammatory problems included bacterial diseases of the lungs, eyes, liver or intestines, spirorchid fluke infection, or polyarthritis of unknown origin. Likelihood of a successful diagnosis of cause of death was a function of post-mortem decomposition. Fibropapillomatosis was not seen in turtles submitted from outside Hawaii. The preponderance of anthropogenic causes of mortality offers some management opportunities to mitigate causes of death in these animals by, for example, implementing measures to decrease boating and fishing interactions. C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Summers, Tammy M.; Hapdei, Jessy R.] Commonwealth Northern Marianas Dept Land & Nat Re, Sea Turtle Program, Saipan, CM 96950 USA. [Tagarino, Alden P.] Amer Samoa Govt, Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources, Wildlife Div, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 37 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL 23 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.3354/dao02890 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA CN5ZK UT WOS:000358512700002 PM 26203881 ER PT J AU Colle, R Fitzgerald, RP Laureano-Perez, L AF Colle, R. Fitzgerald, R. P. Laureano-Perez, L. TI Development of an Ultra-Pure, Carrier-Free Po-209 Solution Standard SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha counting; lead-205; liquid scintillation (LS); measurements; polonium-209; radioactivity; standards ID CALIBRATION; DETECTORS AB Ultra-pure, carrier-free Po-209 solution standards have been prepared and standardized for their massic alpha-particle emission rate. The standards, which will be disseminated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as Standard Reference Material SRM 4326a, have a mean mass of (5.169 +/- 0.003) g of a solution of polonium in nominal 2.0 mol.L-1 HCl (having a solution density of (1.032 +/- 0.002) g.mL(-1) at 20 degrees C) that are contained in 5 mL, flame-sealed, borosilicate glass ampoules. They are certified to contain a Po-209 massic alpha-particle emission rate of (39.01 +/- 0.18) s(-1).g(-1) as of a reference time of 1200 EST, 01 December 2013. This new standard series replaces SRM 4326 that was issued by NIST in 1994. The standardization was based on 4 pi alpha liquid scintillation (LS) spectrometry with two different LS counting systems and under wide variations in measurement and counting source conditions. The methodology for the standardization, with corrections for detection of the low-energy conversion electrons from the delayed 2 keV isomeric state in Pb-205 and for the radiations accompanying the small 0.45 % electron-capture branch to Bi-209, involves a unique spectral analysis procedure that is specific for the case of Po-209 decay. The entire measurement protocol is similar, but revised and improved from that used for SRM 4326. Spectroscopic impurity analyses revealed that no photon-emitting or alpha-emitting radionuclidic impurities were detected. The most common impurity associated with Po-209 is Po-208 and the activity ratio of Po-208/Po-209 was < 10(-7). C1 [Colle, R.; Fitzgerald, R. P.] NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fitzgerald, R. P.; Laureano-Perez, L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Colle, R (reprint author), NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ronald.colle@nist.gov; ryan.fitzgerald@nist.gov; lizbeth.laureano-perez@nist.gov RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL 23 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 138 EP 163 DI 10.6028/jres.120.011 PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CN8WN UT WOS:000358726500001 PM 26958444 ER PT J AU Craig, MT Bogorodsky, SV Randall, JE Mal, AO AF Craig, Matthew T. Bogorodsky, Sergey V. Randall, John E. Mal, Ahmad O. TI Lepadichthys bilineatus, a new species of clingfish from Oman (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae), with a redescription of Lepadichthys erythraeus Briggs and Link from the Red Sea SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Diademichthyinae; Sea Urchin; Crinotoxin; Coral Reef ID GENUS AB Lepadichthys bilineatus is described as a new species of gobiesocid fish from a single specimen, 23.5 mm in standard length, collected from 1.5 m in a tidepool on the southeastern coast of Oman. It is distinct from other Lepadichthys species in having the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays 16; anal-fin rays 13; pectoral-fin rays 23; principal caudal-fin rays 10; gill rakers 10 on second and third arch; head large, its length 3.1 in SL; body depth 8.0 in SL; disc single; disc length 6.6 in SL; disc width 6.5 in SL; color in alcohol uniform tan; color when fresh: body grayish blue, grading to brownish red posteriorly; head dark brown dorsally, abruptly pale yellowish below eye, with two whitish lines extending posteriorly and slightly ventrally from eye. Lepadichthys erythraeus, a species thus far known only from the Red Sea, is redescribed based on additional diagnostic characteristics and color photos. C1 [Craig, Matthew T.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Bogorodsky, Sergey V.] Stn Nat, Omsk, Russia. [Randall, John E.] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Mal, Ahmad O.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Marine Sci, Dept Marine Biol, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. RP Craig, MT (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM matthew.craig@noaa.gov; ic187196@yandex.ru; jackr@hawaii.rr.com; aomal@kau.edu.sa FU KAU [D/1/432-DSR]; SRI; KAU FX We thank Loreen R. O'Hara and Jeffrey T. Williams for curatorial assistance and specimen loans. Kassie Cole provided access to x-ray facilities. This study was conducted as part of the scientific research cooperation between the Faculty of Marine Sciences (FMS), King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and the Senckenberg Research Institute (SRI), Frankfurt, Germany, in the framework of the Red Sea Biodiversity Project, and was funded by KAU GRANT NO. "D/1/432-DSR". The authors acknowledge, with thanks, KAU and SRI for technical and financial support. The second author thanks Fareed Krupp (Qatar Museum Authority and SRI) for his help that facilitated the field work and Tilman Alpermann (SRI) for his comprehensive assistance. We are grateful to Patrick Louisy for supplying us with underwater photographs of clingfish from Oman and to John C. Briggs for continual guidance in clingfish taxonomy. We also thank Helen Randall for her review of this manuscript. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 23 PY 2015 VL 3990 IS 1 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CN6JJ UT WOS:000358540800006 PM 26250222 ER PT J AU Gitgeatpong, G Zhao, Y Avdeev, M Piltz, RO Sato, TJ Matan, K AF Gitgeatpong, G. Zhao, Y. Avdeev, M. Piltz, R. O. Sato, T. J. Matan, K. TI Magnetic structure and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the S=1/2 helical-honeycomb antiferromagnet alpha-Cu2V2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPEREXCHANGE INTERACTION; CHAINS; SYSTEM; CRYSTAL; TEMPERATURE; EXCITATIONS; DYNAMICS; BLOSSITE; EXCHANGE; CU2V2O7 AB Magnetic properties of the S = 1/2 antiferromagnet alpha-Cu2V2O7 have been studied using magnetization, quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations, and neutron diffraction. Magnetic susceptibility shows a broad peak at similar to 50 K followed by an abrupt increase indicative of a phase transition to a magnetically ordered state at T-N = 33.4(1) K. Above T-N, a fit to the Curie-Weiss law gives a Curie-Weiss temperature of Theta = -73(1) K suggesting the dominant antiferromagnetic coupling. The result of the QMC calculations on the helical-honeycomb spin network with two antiferromagnetic exchange interactions J(1) and J(2) provides a better fit to the susceptibility than the previously proposed spin-chain model. Two sets of the coupling parameters J(1) : J(2) = 1 : 0.45 with J(1) = 5.79(1) meV and 0.65 : 1 with J(2) = 6.31(1) meV yield equally good fits down to similar to T-N. Below T-N, weak ferromagnetism due to spin canting is observed. The canting is caused by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction with an estimated bc-plane component vertical bar D-p vertical bar similar or equal to 0.14J(1). Neutron diffraction reveals that the S = 1/2 Cu2+ spins antiferromagnetically align in the F d'd'2 magnetic space group. The ordered moment of 0.93(9) mu(B) is predominantly along the crystallographic a axis. C1 [Gitgeatpong, G.; Matan, K.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Gitgeatpong, G.; Matan, K.] ThEP, Commission Higher Educ, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Zhao, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhao, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Avdeev, M.; Piltz, R. O.] ANSTO, Kirrawee DC, NSW, Australia. [Sato, T. J.] Tohoku Univ, IMRAM, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Gitgeatpong, G (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM kittiwit.mat@mahidol.ac.th RI Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015 OI Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998 FU Thailand Research Fund [MRG5580022]; Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI [24224009] FX Work at Mahidol University was in part supported by the Thailand Research Fund Grant No. MRG5580022 and the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics. Work at IMRAM was partly supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant No. 24224009. The authors, G.G. and K.M., would like to thank I. M. Tang and T. Osotchan for the use of their laboratory equipment and M. A. Allen for useful discussions. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 10 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 23 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 2 AR 024423 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.024423 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CN4BC UT WOS:000358372300001 ER PT J AU Grutter, AJ Kirby, BJ Gray, MT Flint, CL Alaan, US Suzuki, Y Borchers, JA AF Grutter, A. J. Kirby, B. J. Gray, M. T. Flint, C. L. Alaan, U. S. Suzuki, Y. Borchers, J. A. TI Electric Field Control of Interfacial Ferromagnetism in CaMnO3/CaRuO3 Heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SUPERLATTICES; MAGNETIZATION; POLARIZATION; MAGNETISM AB New mechanisms for achieving direct electric field control of ferromagnetism are highly desirable in the development of functional magnetic interfaces. To that end, we have probed the electric field dependence of the emergent ferromagnetic layer at CaRuO3/CaMnO3 interfaces in bilayers fabricated on SrTiO3. Using polarized neutron reflectometry, we are able to detect the ferromagnetic signal arising from a single atomic monolayer of CaMnO3, manifested as a spin asymmetry in the reflectivity. We find that the application of an electric field of 600 kV/m across the bilayer induces a significant increase in this spin asymmetry. Modeling of the reflectivity suggests that this increase corresponds to a transition from canted antiferromagnetism to full ferromagnetic alignment of the Mn4+ ions at the interface. This increase from 1 mu(B) to 2.5-3.0 mu(B) per Mn is indicative of a strong magnetoelectric coupling effect, and such direct electric field control of the magnetization at an interface has significant potential for spintronic applications. C1 [Grutter, A. J.; Kirby, B. J.; Borchers, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gray, M. T.; Flint, C. L.; Alaan, U. S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gray, M. T.; Flint, C. L.; Alaan, U. S.; Suzuki, Y.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Suzuki, Y.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Grutter, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Alaan, Urusa/0000-0003-1109-3399 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DESC0008505] FX The authors would like to thank Tanya Dax and Dr. Aurora Alberca for their work on sample environment with voltage application. Neutron scattering was performed at the NIST Center for Neutron Research. Research at Stanford was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Contract No. DESC0008505. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 11 U2 82 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 4 AR 047601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.047601 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CN4AC UT WOS:000358369200006 PM 26252708 ER PT J AU Bellinger, MR Banks, MA Bates, SJ Crandall, ED Garza, JC Sylvia, G Lawson, PW AF Bellinger, M. Renee Banks, Michael A. Bates, Sarah J. Crandall, Eric D. Garza, John Carlos Sylvia, Gil Lawson, Peter W. TI Geo-Referenced, Abundance Calibrated Ocean Distribution of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Stocks across the West Coast of North America SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GENETIC DATA; IDENTIFICATION; CALIFORNIA; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; DNA AB Understanding seasonal migration and localized persistence of populations is critical for effective species harvest and conservation management. Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus) forecasting models predict stock composition, abundance, and distribution during annual assessments of proposed fisheries impacts. Most models, however, fail to account for the influence of biophysical factors on year-to-year fluctuations in migratory distributions and stock-specific survival. In this study, the ocean distribution and relative abundance of Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) stocks encountered in the California Current large marine ecosystem, U.S. A were inferred using catch-per-unit effort (CPUE) fisheries and genetic stock identification data. In contrast to stock distributions estimated through coded-wire-tag recoveries (typically limited to hatchery salmon), stock-specific CPUE provides information for both wild and hatchery fish. Furthermore, in contrast to stock composition results, the stock-specific CPUE metric is independent of other stocks and is easily interpreted over multiple temporal or spatial scales. Tests for correlations between stock-specific CPUE and stock composition estimates revealed these measures diverged once proportional contributions of locally rare stocks were excluded from data sets. A novel aspect of this study was collection of data both in areas closed to commercial fisheries and during normal, open commercial fisheries. Because fishing fleet efficiency influences catch rates, we tested whether CPUE differed between closed area (non-retention) and open area (retention) data sets. A weak effect was indicated for some, but not all, analyzed cases. Novel visualizations produced from stock-specific CPUE-based ocean abundance facilitates consideration of how highly refined, spatial and genetic information could be incorporated in ocean fisheries management systems and for investigations of biogeographic factors that influence migratory distributions of fish. C1 [Bellinger, M. Renee; Banks, Michael A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bates, Sarah J.] Calif Salmon Council, Oakland, CA USA. [Crandall, Eric D.; Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sylvia, Gil] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Appl Econ, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Lawson, Peter W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. RP Bellinger, MR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM reneebellinger@gmail.com FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); NOAA [NA07NMF4540337]; California Salmon Council; [NA07NMF4540337 NA08NMF4720662 NA09NMF4720381]; [NA08NMF4270421] FX This study was designed and conducted as an industry-science collaboration between industry partners California Salmon Council and OregonSalmon Commission and scientific investigators affiliated with academic and federal institutions. Major funding originated from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Funds were awarded to Nancy Fitzpatrick, Oregon Salmon Commission and David Goldenberg, California Salmon Council NA07NMF4540337 NA08NMF4720662 NA09NMF4720381, Saltonstall Kennedy Grant Program NA08NMF4270421. NOAA scientists and university scientists were co-Principal Investigators on all major grants except the Saltonstall-Kennedy Grant (University only). Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission acted via contract with NOAA to help distribute Klamath Disaster funds (NA07NMF4540337) to the states. The California Salmon Council and Oregon Salmon Commission helped to facilitate the industry partnership and distributed funds to industry for their participation in at-sea sampling and data collection. The California Salmon Council provided support in the form of salary for author SJB, who was hired to manage California at-sea sample collections and contribute to manuscript preparation. The specific role of this author is articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 22 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0131276 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0131276 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN7EO UT WOS:000358597100013 PM 26200779 ER PT J AU Zengel, S Bernik, BM Rutherford, N Nixon, Z Michel, J AF Zengel, Scott Bernik, Brittany M. Rutherford, Nicolle Nixon, Zachary Michel, Jacqueline TI Heavily Oiled Salt Marsh following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Ecological Comparisons of Shoreline Cleanup Treatments and Recovery SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; FIDDLER-CRABS; COASTAL WETLANDS; LITTORARIA-IRRORATA; JUNCUS-ROEMERIANUS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; UCA-PUGNAX; VEGETATION; LOUISIANA; IMPACTS AB The Deepwater Horizon oil spill affected hundreds of kilometers of coastal wetland shorelines, including salt marshes with persistent heavy oiling that required intensive shoreline "cleanup" treatment. Oiled marsh treatment involves a delicate balance among: removing oil, speeding the degradation of remaining oil, protecting wildlife, fostering habitat recovery, and not causing further ecological damage with treatment. To examine the effectiveness and ecological effects of treatment during the emergency response, oiling characteristics and ecological parameters were compared over two years among heavily oiled test plots subject to: manual treatment, mechanical treatment, natural recovery (no treatment, oiled control), as well as adjacent reference conditions. An additional experiment compared areas with and without vegetation planting following treatment. Negative effects of persistent heavy oiling on marsh vegetation, intertidal invertebrates, and shoreline erosion were observed. In areas without treatment, oiling conditions and negative effects for most marsh parameters did not considerably improve over two years. Both manual and mechanical treatment were effective at improving oiling conditions and vegetation characteristics, beginning the recovery process, though recovery was not complete by two years. Mechanical treatment had additional negative effects of mixing oil into the marsh soils and further accelerating erosion. Manual treatment appeared to strike the right balance between improving oiling and habitat conditions while not causing additional detrimental effects. However, even with these improvements, marsh periwinkle snails showed minimal signs of recovery through two years, suggesting that some ecosystem components may lag vegetation recovery. Planting following treatment quickened vegetation recovery and reduced shoreline erosion. Faced with comparable marsh oiling in the future, we would recommend manual treatment followed by planting. We caution against the use of intensive treatment methods with lesser marsh oiling. Oiled controls (no treatment "set-asides") are essential for judging marsh treatment effectiveness and ecological effects; we recommend their use when applying intensive treatment methods. C1 [Zengel, Scott; Rutherford, Nicolle; Nixon, Zachary; Michel, Jacqueline] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Off Response & Restorat, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zengel, Scott] Res Planning Inc, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Bernik, Brittany M.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Nixon, Zachary; Michel, Jacqueline] Res Planning Inc, Columbia, SC USA. RP Zengel, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Off Response & Restorat, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM szengel@researchplanning.com FU NOAA Emergency Response Division, Office of Response and Restoration; EPA STAR Fellowship; RPI; BP; NOAA FX This work was conducted in part under The Deepwater Horizon Unified Command (U.S. Coast Guard, State of Louisiana, and BP). Funding was provided by BP in part, as the Responsible Party. However, SZ, NR, ZN and JM were funded through NOAA, serving as members of the NOAA Scientific Support Team to the U.S. Coast Guard. Additional funding was provided by the NOAA Emergency Response Division, Office of Response and Restoration. BMB was supported by an EPA STAR Fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. BP is a commercial funding source; authors SZ, ZN, and JM are employed by RPI, a commercial company; this does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. NR 74 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 9 U2 68 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 22 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0132324 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0132324 PG 27 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN7EO UT WOS:000358597100034 PM 26200349 ER PT J AU Hume, SL Chiaramonti, AN Rice, KP Schwindt, RK MacCuspie, RI Jeerage, KM AF Hume, Stephanie L. Chiaramonti, Ann N. Rice, Katherine P. Schwindt, Rani K. MacCuspie, Robert I. Jeerage, Kavita M. TI Timescale of silver nanoparticle transformation in neural cell cultures impacts measured cell response SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Agglomeration; Bovine serum albumin; Citrate; Dissolution; Ionic strength; Polyvinylpyrrolidone; Metallic nanoparticles ID ION RELEASE KINETICS; PROGENITOR CELLS; INHALATION TOXICITY; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NEURONS; RATS; DIFFERENTIATION; DISSOLUTION; CITRATE AB Both serum protein concentration and ionic strength are important factors in nanoparticle transformation within cell culture environments. However, silver nanoparticles are not routinely tracked at their working concentration in the specific medium used for in vitro toxicology studies. Here we evaluated the transformation of electrostatically stabilized citrate nanoparticles (C-AgNPs) and sterically stabilized polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) in a low-serum (similar to 0.2 mg/mL bovine serum albumin) culture medium, while measuring the response of rat cortex neural progenitor cells, which differentiate in this culture environment. After 24 h, silver nanoparticles at concentrations up to 10 mu g/mL did not affect adenosine triphosphate levels, whereas silver ions decreased adenosine triphosphate levels at concentrations of 1.1 mu g/mL or higher. After 240 h, both silver nanoparticles, as well as silver ion, unambiguously decreased adenosine triphosphate levels at concentrations of 1 and 1.1 mu g/mL, respectively, suggesting particle dissolution. Particle transformation was investigated in 1: 10 diluted, 1: 2 diluted, or undiluted differentiation medium, all having an identical protein concentration, to separate the effect of serum protein stabilization from ionic strength destabilization. Transmission electron microscopy images indicated that particles in 1: 10 medium were not surrounded by proteins, whereas particles became clustered within a non-crystalline protein matrix after 24 h in 1: 2 medium and at 0 h in undiluted medium. Despite evidence for a protein corona, particles were rapidly destabilized by high ionic strength media. Polyvinylpyrrolidone increased the stability of singly dispersed particles compared to citrate ligands; however, differences were negligible after 4 h in 1: 2 medium or after 1 h in undiluted medium. Thus low-serum culture environments do not provide sufficient colloidal stability for long-term toxicology studies with citrate-or polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized silver nanoparticles. C1 [Hume, Stephanie L.; Chiaramonti, Ann N.; Rice, Katherine P.; Schwindt, Rani K.; Jeerage, Kavita M.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jeerage, KM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, MS 647,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jeerage@boulder.nist.gov FU National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral fellowship through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act FX Stephanie L. Hume was supported by a National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral fellowship through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. We thank Dr. Aric W. Sanders (Quantum Electronics and Photonics Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, NIST Boulder) for his assistance with transmission-mode imaging. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD JUL 21 PY 2015 VL 17 IS 7 AR 315 DI 10.1007/s11051-015-3111-5 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CU4GD UT WOS:000363484400005 ER PT J AU Radney, JG Zangmeister, CD AF Radney, James G. Zangmeister, Christopher D. TI Measurement of Gas and Aerosol Phase Absorption Spectra across the Visible and Near-IR Using Supercontinuum Photoacoustic Spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EVAPORATION-CONDENSATION; RESONANT PHOTOACOUSTICS; PULSED PHOTOACOUSTICS; BROWN CARBON; EAST-ASIA; SPECTROMETER; DEPENDENCE; UV AB We demonstrate a method to measure the absorption spectra of gas and aerosol species across the visible and near-ER (500 to 840 nm) using a photoacoustic (PA) spectrometer and a pulsed supercontinuum lager source. Measurements of gas phase absorption spectra were demonstrated using H2O(g) as a function of relative humidity (RH). The measured absorption intensities and peak shapes were able to be quantified and compared to spectra calculated using the 2012 High: Resolution Transmission (HITRAN2012) databases Size and mass selected nigrosin aerosol was used to measure absorption spectra across the visible and near-IR. Spectra were measured as a function of aerosol size/mass and show good agreement to Mie theory calculations. Lastly, we measured the broadband absorption spectrum of flame generated soot aerosol at 5% and 70% RH. For the high RH case, we are able to quantifiably separate the soot and water absorption contributions. For Soot, we observe an enhancement in the mass specific absorption cross section ranging from 1.5, at 500 nm (p < 0.01) to 1.2 at 840 nm (p < 0.2) and a concomitant increase in the absorption Angstrom exponent from 1.2 +/- 0.4 (5% RH) to 1.6 +/- 0.3 (70% RH). C1 [Radney, James G.; Zangmeister, Christopher D.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zangmeister, CD (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cdzang@nist.gov OI Radney, James/0000-0001-7324-8769 NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 21 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 14 BP 7356 EP 7363 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01541 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CN6PE UT WOS:000358555900051 PM 26098142 ER PT J AU Burton, ML Potts, JC Carr, DR AF Burton, Michael L. Potts, Jennifer C. Carr, Daniel R. TI Age, growth, and natural mortality of yellowfin grouper (Mycteroperca venenosa) from the southeastern United States SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Serranidae; Life history; Age-growth; Natural mortality ID ROCK HIND; FLORIDA; SIZE; REPRODUCTION; PRECISION; COAST AB Ages of yellowfin grouper (n = 306) from the southeastern United States coast from 1979-2014 were determined using sectioned sagittal otoliths. Opaque zones were annular, forming January-June (peaking in February-March). Yellowfin grouper ranged in age from 3 to 31 years; the largest fish measured 1,000 mm fork length (FL). Body size relationships for yellowfin grouper were: W = 1.22x10(-5) FL3.03 (n = 229, r(2) = 0.92); TL = 1.06 FL - 14.53 (n = 60, r(2) = 0.99); and FL = 0.93 TL + 18.63 (n = 60, r(2) = 0.99), where W = whole weight in grams, FL in mm, and TL = total length in mm. The von Bertalanffy growth equation was: L-t = 958 (1-e(-0.11(t+2.94))) (n = 306). The point estimate of natural mortality for yellowfin grouper was M = 0.14, while age-specific estimates of M ranged from 1.59 to 0.17 for ages 1-31. C1 [Burton, Michael L.; Potts, Jennifer C.; Carr, Daniel R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Burton, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM michael.burton@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, FL; Beaufort Laboratory FX This work was approved and funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, FL and Beaufort Laboratory. There were no external grants. The manuscript was reviewed in-house by both the Laboratory and the Center prior to journal submission. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 12 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD JUL 21 PY 2015 VL 3 AR e1099 DI 10.7717/peerj.1099 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN8LM UT WOS:000358692100001 PM 26244111 ER PT J AU Smith, JM Fresh, KL Kagley, AN Quinn, TP AF Smith, Joseph M. Fresh, Kurt L. Kagley, Anna N. Quinn, Thomas P. TI Ultrasonic telemetry reveals seasonal variation in depth distribution and diel vertical migrations of sub-adult Chinook and coho salmon in Puget Sound SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Depth; Diel vertical migration; Telemetry ID KELTS ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; JUVENILE SOCKEYE-SALMON; DATA-STORAGE TAGS; JUAN-DE-FUCA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS; CALANUS-PACIFICUS; FRESH-WATER; ANTIPREDATION WINDOW AB Many aquatic organisms display seasonal and diel vertical migration (DVM) patterns, which are influenced by complex combinations of biotic and abiotic factors. Here, we examined the vertical distributions of sub-adult coho Oncorhynchus kisutch and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha in Puget Sound, Washington, USA, using acoustic telemetry to (1) compare the depths occupied by each species, (2) determine whether DVM occurred, (3) ascertain if depth distributions changed seasonally, and (4) consider hypotheses regarding abiotic and biotic factors that could affect these behavior patterns. We modeled the data on individual fish depths and detected significant interactions among species, diel period, and season. Coho salmon spent more time near the surface than Chinook salmon overall, and exhibited DVM during the spring, being farther below the surface at night and closer during the day. This reversal of the typical DVM pattern was not evident in other seasons. Chinook salmon showed no evidence of diel movement, only a seasonal shift from being closest to the surface in spring, deeper in summer, deeper yet in fall, and deepest in winter. The proximity of Chinook salmon to the surface coincided with peak productivity measured as chlorophyll a, which could affect the salmon through decreased water clarity or some ecological process. The DVM exhibited by coho salmon in spring may be related to water clarity and avoidance of predatory mammals but these hypotheses could not be tested with the available data. Our results emphasize the complexity of diel activity patterns among closely related species, and even among individuals. C1 [Smith, Joseph M.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fresh, Kurt L.; Kagley, Anna N.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Smith, JM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jsmithuw@uw.edu FU State of Washington's Salmon Recovery Funding Board through the Recreation and Conservation Office, NOAA-Fisheries; H. Mason Keeler Endowment at the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington FX We thank the many people who helped with the field work, including the crew of the fishing vessels and especially Kurt Dobszynski and Jay Field. Dawn Spilsbury Pucci and Jennifer Scheuerell provided essential database management assistance. This project depended on the cooperation of the many agencies deploying and retrieving receivers and sharing their data with us, including but not limited to NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, the University of Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, the US Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle Aquarium, Seattle City Light, the Nisqually and Squaxin Island tribal fisheries departments, Beam Reach, and the Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project. Funding for this project was provided by the State of Washington's Salmon Recovery Funding Board through the Recreation and Conservation Office, NOAA-Fisheries, and the H. Mason Keeler Endowment at the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington. We thank Jessica Rohde and Michael Elam for initial data analysis, Kinsey Frick and Megan Moore for assistance in the field, Kelly Andrews for statistical modeling advice and manuscript comments, Morgan Bond, Mary Moser, and anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript, and Fred Goetz and Joshua Chamberlin for their roles in the formation of this project. This research was conducted with permits from the University of Washington's IACUC, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and NOAA-Fisheries. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD JUL 21 PY 2015 VL 532 BP 227 EP 242 DI 10.3354/meps11360 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CN5BW UT WOS:000358445600018 ER PT J AU Zerbini, AN Baumgartner, MF Kennedy, AS Rone, BK Wade, PR Clapham, PJ AF Zerbini, Alexandre N. Baumgartner, Mark F. Kennedy, Amy S. Rone, Brenda K. Wade, Paul R. Clapham, Phillip J. TI Space use patterns of the endangered North Pacific right whale Eubalaena japonica in the Bering Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Eubalaena japonica; North Pacific right whale; Satellite telemetry; Oceanography; Bering Sea; Conservation ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; OCEANOGRAPHIC DOMAINS; CETACEAN DISTRIBUTION; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BALEEN WHALES; SHELF; EASTERN; ABUNDANCE AB Understanding habitat use of critically endangered North Pacific right whales (NPRWs, Eubalaena japonica) is important to better evaluate the potential effects of anthropogenic activities and climate change on this species. Satellite transmitters were deployed on individual right whales in 2004, 2008 and 2009 to investigate whether their space-use patterns in the Southeastern Bering Sea (SEBS) were influenced by environmental conditions and to assess habitat use in areas of human interest. Whales were monitored for an average of 40 d (range 29-58 d) between July and October, a period in which they inhabited the SEBS shelf. Individuals tagged in 2008-2009 (cold years) remained in the middle shelf domain, travelled at a slower rate and showed a spatially more restricted habitat use than a whale tagged in 2004 (a warm year). Monte Carlo tests suggested that NPRWs associated with the cold pool (remnant winter water in the bottom layer of the middle shelf domain) during cold years, which is likely due to higher copepod abundance and reduced competition with other copepod predators within the cold pool. Telemetry data indicated that a Critical Habitat designated by the US National Marine Fisheries Service encompasses the main feeding range of NPRWs in the Bering Sea. Two whales briefly visited the North Aleutian Basin, an area previously considered for oil and gas development. Small sample sizes precluded conclusive comparisons of space-use patterns among years with significantly different temperature regimes, but we hypothesize that habitat use in the SEBS varies with these regimes because of concomitant changes in the abundance of the whales primary copepod prey. Long-term evaluation of space-use patterns of NPRWs is required to further understand their habits in the feeding grounds in light of global warming and the potential for increased anthropogenic activities. C1 [Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Kennedy, Amy S.; Rone, Brenda K.; Wade, Paul R.; Clapham, Phillip J.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Baumgartner, Mark F.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Zerbini, AN (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alex.zerbini@noaa.gov RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012 FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [720]; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, BOEM FX Assistance with field work was provided by Billy Adams, Catherine Berchok, Cynthia Christman, Jessica Crance, John Durban, Carter Esch, Jeff Foster, Greg Fulling, Yulia Ivashchenko, Don Ljungblad, Nadine Lysiak, Tony Martinez, Laura Morris, Lisa Munger, Sarah Mussoline, Richard Pace, Robert Pitman, Desray Reeb, Allan Sauter, Franchesco Scattorin, and Suzanne Yin. Tag deployment in 2004 and 2008 were performed by Anders and Mikkel Jensen, respectively, and small boat driving during tagging operations was professionally carried out by B. Adams, T. Martinez, and S. Yin. Advice about the development of tagging technology was provided by Mads Peter Heide-Jorgensen, Mikkel Jensen, Ygor Geyer, Jim North and Robert Wagner. L. Eisner provided access to the BASIN data. J. Crance and K. Shelden provided reviews that improved early drafts of this manuscript. Assistance from the captain and crew of the ships used during the NMML 'PRIEST' cruises and 2004 right whale cruise in the Bering Sea as well as the tremendous effort of observers and acoustic teams in finding right whales is greatly appreciated. Tag deployment, photo-identification and biopsy sampling were performed according to regulations and restrictions specified in a permit issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service to the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (permit #782-1719-03). Funding for this research was provided by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB, Project #720) and by the former Minerals Management Service (now Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, BOEM). This paper is contribution 558 from NPRB. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. This study is dedicated to the late Captain Atle Remme. Atle had a passion for whales and whale research. He was not only a great captain but, most importantly, a good friend. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 32 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD JUL 21 PY 2015 VL 532 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.3354/meps11366 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CN5BW UT WOS:000358445600021 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Tandecki, M Collister, R Aubin, S Behr, JA Gomez, E Gwinner, G Orozco, LA Pearson, MR Sprouse, GD AF Zhang, J. Tandecki, M. Collister, R. Aubin, S. Behr, J. A. Gomez, E. Gwinner, G. Orozco, L. A. Pearson, M. R. Sprouse, G. D. CA FrPNC Collaboration TI Hyperfine Anomalies in Fr: Boundaries of the Spherical Single Particle Model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRANCIUM ISOTOPES; ANAPOLE MOMENT; NUCLEI; SYSTEMS; SHIFTS; SPINS; ION AB We have measured the hyperfine splitting of the 7P(1/2) state at the 100 ppm level in Fr isotopes (Fr-206g,Fr-206m,Fr-207,Fr-209,Fr-213,Fr-221) near the closed neutron shell (N = 126 in Fr-213). The measurements in five isotopes and a nuclear isomeric state of francium, combined with previous determinations of the 7S(1/2) splittings, reveal the spatial distribution of the nuclear magnetization, i.e., the Bohr-Weisskopf effect. We compare our results with a simple shell model consisting of unpaired single valence nucleons orbiting a spherical nucleus, and find good agreement over a range of neutron-deficient isotopes (Fr207-213). Also, we find near-constant proton anomalies for several even-N isotopes. This identifies a set of Fr isotopes whose nuclear structure can be understood well enough for the extraction of weak interaction parameters from parity nonconservation studies. C1 [Zhang, J.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, J.; Orozco, L. A.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tandecki, M.; Behr, J. A.; Pearson, M. R.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Collister, R.; Gwinner, G.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Aubin, S.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Gomez, E.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Fis, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico. [Sprouse, G. D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU DOE; NSF from the USA, NRC through TRIUMF; NSERC from Canada; CONACYT from Mexico; University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship FX We thank A. Poves for helpful discussions. We acknowledge support from the DOE and NSF from the USA, NRC through TRIUMF and NSERC from Canada, and CONACYT from Mexico. R. C. acknowledges financial support from a University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 4 AR 042501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.042501 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CN2KX UT WOS:000358251000003 PM 26252677 ER PT J AU Matyba, P Carr, A Chen, C Miller, DL Peng, GW Mathias, S Mavrikakis, M Dessau, DS Keller, MW Kapteyn, HC Murnane, M AF Matyba, Piotr Carr, Adra Chen, Cong Miller, David L. Peng, Guowen Mathias, Stefan Mavrikakis, Manos Dessau, Daniel S. Keller, Mark W. Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret TI Controlling the electronic structure of graphene using surface-adsorbate interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; BAND-GAP; METAL; INTERCALATION; GRAPHITE; NI(111); ATOMS AB Hybridization of atomic orbitals in graphene on Ni(111) opens up a large energy gap of approximate to 2.8 eV between nonhybridized states at the K point. Here we use alkali-metal adsorbate to reduce and even eliminate this energy gap, and also identify a new mechanism responsible for decoupling graphene from the Ni substrate without intercalation of atomic species underneath. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we show that the energy gap is reduced to 1.3 eV due to moderate decoupling after adsorption of Na on top of graphene. Calculations confirm that after adsorption of Na, graphene bonding to Ni is much weaker due to a reduced overlap of atomic orbitals, which results from n doping of graphene. Finally, we show that the energy gap is eliminated by strong decoupling resulting in a quasifreestanding graphene, which is achieved by subsequent intercalation of the Na underneath graphene. The ability to partially decouple graphene from a Ni substrate via n doping, with or without intercalation, suggests that the graphene-to-substrate interaction could be controlled dynamically. C1 [Matyba, Piotr; Carr, Adra; Chen, Cong; Dessau, Daniel S.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matyba, Piotr; Carr, Adra; Chen, Cong; Dessau, Daniel S.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matyba, Piotr; Carr, Adra; Chen, Cong; Dessau, Daniel S.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, David L.; Keller, Mark W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Peng, Guowen] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mathias, Stefan] Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Phys, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Mathias, Stefan] Univ Kaiserslautern, OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Mathias, Stefan] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Matyba, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM piotr.matyba@jila.colorado.edu RI Mavrikakis, Manos/D-5702-2012; Mathias, Stefan/I-4679-2012 OI Mavrikakis, Manos/0000-0002-5293-5356; FU National Science Foundation Physics Frontiers Center Program; Moore Foundation; DOE-BES [DE-FG02-03ER46066]; Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet) [623-2011-935]; Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences (DOE-BES); Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Basic Research Initiative AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0481]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at PNNL FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation Physics Frontiers Center Program and the Moore Foundation. D.D. acknowledges support from DOE-BES Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46066. P.M. acknowledges a fellowship from the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet, No. 623-2011-935). Work at the University of Wisconsin was partially supported by Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences (DOE-BES) and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Basic Research Initiative AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-12-1-0481. The computational work was performed in part using supercomputing resources from the following institutions: EMSL, a National scientific user facility at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). EMSL is sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at PNNL. CNM and NERSC are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, respectively. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 46 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 21 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 4 AR 041407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.041407 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CN2LU UT WOS:000358253600001 ER PT J AU Wang, W Yu, T Ciren, P Jiang, P AF Wang, Wen Yu, Tao Ciren, Pubu Jiang, Peng TI Assessment of human health impact from PM10 exposure in China based on satellite observations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; human health assessment; distribution; PM10; aerosol optical depth ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASES; LOS-ANGELES; HONG-KONG; MORTALITY; PRODUCTS; PARTICLES AB Assessment of human health impact from the exposure to PM10 air pollution is crucial for evaluating environmental damage. We established an empirical model to estimate ground PM10 mass concentration from satellite-derived aerosol optical depth and adopted the dose-response model to evaluate the annual average human health risks and losses related to PM10 exposure over China from 2010 to 2014. Unlike the traditional human health assessment methods, which relied on the in situ PM10 concentration measurements and statistical population data issued by administrative district, the approach proposed in this study obtained the spatial distribution of human health risks in China by analyzing the distribution of PM10 concentration estimated from satellite observations and population distribution based on the relationship to the spatial distribution of land-use type. It was found that the long-term satellite observations have advantages over the ground-based observations in estimating human health impact from PM10 exposure. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 [Wang, Wen; Yu, Tao; Ciren, Pubu; Jiang, Peng] Renmin Univ China, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Ctr Spatial Informat, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Ciren, Pubu] NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, STAR,Univ Res Ctr 5825, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Ciren, P (reprint author), Renmin Univ China, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Ctr Spatial Informat, 59 Zhongguancun St, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. EM pbtsering@gmail.com RI Ciren, Pubu/E-6542-2011 FU Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China [11ZD157] FX This study was supported by Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China (11&ZD157). Thanks for the reviewers' suggestions. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 18 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD JUL 20 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 096027 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.9.096027 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CP3ST UT WOS:000359802800001 ER PT J AU Coughlin, ER Nixon, C AF Coughlin, Eric R. Nixon, Chris TI VARIABILITY IN TIDAL DISRUPTION EVENTS: GRAVITATIONALLY UNSTABLE STREAMS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; galaxies: nuclei; hydrodynamics; X-rays: individual (Swift J1644+57) ID BLACK-HOLE; SIMULATIONS; STAR; HYDRODYNAMICS; RESOLUTION; OUTBURSTS; GALAXY; CLOUD; G2 AB We present simulations of the tidal disruption of a solar mass star by a 10(6)M(circle dot). black hole. These, for the first time, cover the full time evolution of the tidal disruption event, starting well before the initial encounter and continuing until more than 90% of the bound material has returned to the vicinity of the hole. Our results are compared to the analytical prediction for the rate at which tidally stripped gas falls back. We find that, for our chosen parameters, the overall scaling of the fallback rate, (M)(fb), closely follows the canonical t(-5/3) power-law. However, our simulations also show that the self-gravity of the tidal stream, which dominates the tidal gravity of the hole at large distances, causes some of the debris to recollapse into bound fragments before returning to the hole. This causes (M)(fb) to vary significantly around the t(-5/3) average. We discuss the implications of our findings in the context of the event Swift J1644+57. C1 [Coughlin, Eric R.; Nixon, Chris] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coughlin, Eric R.; Nixon, Chris] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coughlin, Eric R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Coughlin, ER (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, UCB 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM eric.coughlin@colorado.edu; chris.nixon@jila.colorado.edu OI Nixon, Christopher/0000-0002-2137-4146; Coughlin, Eric/0000-0003-3765-6401 FU NASA Astrophysics Theory Program [NNX14AB37G, NNX11AE12G]; NSF [AST-1411879]; NASA's Fermi Guest Investigator Program; NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program [PF2-130098]; STFC; Large Facilities Capital Fund of BIS FX E.R.C. was supported in part by NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grants NNX14AB37G and NNX11AE12G, NSF grant AST-1411879, and NASA's Fermi Guest Investigator Program. C.N. was supported for this work by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant PF2-130098. Both authors thank Phil Armitage, Mitch Begelman, Andrew King, and Jim Pringle for useful comments, and we thank the Boulder, CO parks and recreation committee for their upkeep of the Valmont disk golf course, which has been a site of most fruitful discussion. We used SPLASH (Price 2007) for the visualization. This work utilized the Complexity HPC cluster at the University of Leicester which is part of the DiRAC2 national facility, jointly funded by STFC and the Large Facilities Capital Fund of BIS. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 2015 VL 808 IS 1 AR L11 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/808/1/L11 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CN9OO UT WOS:000358778900011 ER PT J AU Thebault, E Finlay, CC Alken, P Beggan, CD Canet, E Chulliat, A Langlais, B Lesur, V Lowes, FJ Manoj, C Rother, M Schachtschneider, R AF Thebault, Erwan Finlay, Christopher C. Alken, Patrick Beggan, Ciaran D. Canet, Elisabeth Chulliat, Arnaud Langlais, Benoit Lesur, Vincent Lowes, Frank J. Manoj, Chandrasekharan Rother, Martin Schachtschneider, Reyko TI Evaluation of candidate geomagnetic field models for IGRF-12 SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Geomagnetism; Field modeling; IGRF ID EARTHS MAGNETIC-FIELD; SWARM SATELLITE DATA; OBSERVATORY DATA; INVERSION CHAIN; SAC-C; CHAMP; SCARF; GENERATION; PRODUCTS; CORE AB Background: The 12th revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) was issued in December 2014 by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group V-MOD (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/IAGA/vmod/igrf.html). This revision comprises new spherical harmonic main field models for epochs 2010.0 (DGRF-2010) and 2015.0 (IGRF-2015) and predictive linear secular variation for the interval 2015.0-2020.0 (SV-2010-2015). Findings: The models were derived from weighted averages of candidate models submitted by ten international teams. Teams were led by the British Geological Survey (UK), DTU Space (Denmark), ISTerre (France), IZMIRAN (Russia), NOAA/NGDC (USA), GFZ Potsdam (Germany), NASA/GSFC (USA), IPGP (France), LPG Nantes (France), and ETH Zurich (Switzerland). Each candidate model was carefully evaluated and compared to all other models and a mean model using well-defined statistical criteria in the spectral domain and maps in the physical space. These analyses were made to pinpoint both troublesome coefficients and the geographical regions where the candidate models most significantly differ. Some models showed clear deviation from other candidate models. However, a majority of the task force members appointed by IAGA thought that the differences were not sufficient to exclude models that were well documented and based on different techniques. Conclusions: The task force thus voted for and applied an iterative robust estimation scheme in space. In this paper, we report on the evaluations of the candidate models and provide details of the algorithm that was used to derive the IGRF-12 product. C1 [Thebault, Erwan; Langlais, Benoit] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, UMR 6112, CNRS, Nantes, France. [Finlay, Christopher C.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Alken, Patrick; Chulliat, Arnaud; Manoj, Chandrasekharan] NOAA, NCEI, Boulder, CO USA. [Alken, Patrick; Chulliat, Arnaud; Manoj, Chandrasekharan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beggan, Ciaran D.] British Geol Survey, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland. [Canet, Elisabeth] ETH Zurich Inst Geophys, Earth & Planetary Magnetism Grp, CH-58092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Lesur, Vincent; Rother, Martin; Schachtschneider, Reyko] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Lowes, Frank J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Chem, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Thebault, E (reprint author), Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, UMR 6112, CNRS, Nantes, France. EM erwan.thebault@univ-nantes.fr RI Chulliat, Arnaud/A-5747-2011; Finlay, Christopher/B-5062-2014; Langlais, Benoit/K-5366-2012; Thebault, Erwan/A-5670-2011; Lesur, Vincent/H-1031-2012 OI Chulliat, Arnaud/0000-0001-7414-9631; Finlay, Christopher/0000-0002-4592-2290; Langlais, Benoit/0000-0001-5207-304X; Lesur, Vincent/0000-0003-2568-320X FU ESA through the Support to Science Element (STSE) programme; Centre National des Etudes Spatiales (CNES) FX The institutes that support magnetic observatories together with INTERMAGNET are thanked for promoting high standards of observatory practice and prompt reporting. The support of the CHAMP mission by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research is gratefully acknowledged. The Orsted Project was made possible by extensive support from the Danish Government, NASA, ESA, CNES, DARA, and the Thomas B. Thriges Foundation. The authors also acknowledge ESA for providing access to the Swarm L1b data. E. Canet acknowledges the support of ESA through the Support to Science Element (STSE) programme. This work was partly funded by the Centre National des Etudes Spatiales (CNES) within the context of the project of the "Travaux preparatoires et exploitation de la mission Swarm." We would like to thank R. Home and an anonymous reviewer for their useful comments. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PD JUL 19 PY 2015 VL 67 AR 112 DI 10.1186/s40623-015-0273-4 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CP6MV UT WOS:000360002400001 ER PT J AU Patwardhan, A Harris, J Leng, N Bartha, G Church, DM Luo, S Haudenschild, C Pratt, M Zook, J Salit, M Tirch, J Morra, M Chervitz, S Li, M Clark, M Garcia, S Chandratillake, G Kirk, S Ashley, E Snyder, M Altman, R Bustamante, C Butte, AJ West, J Chen, R AF Patwardhan, Anil Harris, Jason Leng, Nan Bartha, Gabor Church, Deanna M. Luo, Shujun Haudenschild, Christian Pratt, Mark Zook, Justin Salit, Marc Tirch, Jeanie Morra, Massimo Chervitz, Stephen Li, Ming Clark, Michael Garcia, Sarah Chandratillake, Gemma Kirk, Scott Ashley, Euan Snyder, Michael Altman, Russ Bustamante, Carlos Butte, Atul J. West, John Chen, Richard TI Achieving high-sensitivity for clinical applications using augmented exome sequencing SO GENOME MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VARIANT DETECTION SENSITIVITY; COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; WHOLE-EXOME; LABORATORY STANDARDS; DE-NOVO; GENOME; GENERATION; DNA; MUTATIONS; DIAGNOSIS AB Background: Whole exome sequencing is increasingly used for the clinical evaluation of genetic disease, yet the variation of coverage and sensitivity over medically relevant parts of the genome remains poorly understood. Several sequencing-based assays continue to provide coverage that is inadequate for clinical assessment. Methods: Using sequence data obtained from the NA12878 reference sample and pre-defined lists of medically-relevant protein-coding and noncoding sequences, we compared the breadth and depth of coverage obtained among four commercial exome capture platforms and whole genome sequencing. In addition, we evaluated the performance of an augmented exome strategy, ACE, that extends coverage in medically relevant regions and enhances coverage in areas that are challenging to sequence. Leveraging reference call-sets, we also examined the effects of improved coverage on variant detection sensitivity. Results: We observed coverage shortfalls with each of the conventional exome-capture and whole-genome platforms across several medically interpretable genes. These gaps included areas of the genome required for reporting recently established secondary findings (ACMG) and known disease-associated loci. The augmented exome strategy recovered many of these gaps, resulting in improved coverage in these areas. At clinically-relevant coverage levels (100 % bases covered at >= 20x), ACE improved coverage among genes in the medically interpretable genome (>90 % covered relative to 10-78 % with other platforms), the set of ACMG secondary finding genes (91 % covered relative to 4-75 % with other platforms) and a subset of variants known to be associated with human disease (99 % covered relative to 52-95 % with other platforms). Improved coverage translated into improvements in sensitivity, with ACE variant detection sensitivities (>97.5 % SNVs, >92.5 % InDels) exceeding that observed with conventional whole-exome and whole-genome platforms. Conclusions: Clinicians should consider analytical performance when making clinical assessments, given that even a few missed variants can lead to reporting false negative results. An augmented exome strategy provides a level of coverage not achievable with other platforms, thus addressing concerns regarding the lack of sensitivity in clinically important regions. In clinical applications where comprehensive coverage of medically interpretable areas of the genome requires higher localized sequencing depth, an augmented exome approach offers both cost and performance advantages over other sequencing-based tests. C1 [Patwardhan, Anil; Harris, Jason; Leng, Nan; Bartha, Gabor; Church, Deanna M.; Luo, Shujun; Haudenschild, Christian; Pratt, Mark; Tirch, Jeanie; Morra, Massimo; Chervitz, Stephen; Li, Ming; Clark, Michael; Garcia, Sarah; Chandratillake, Gemma; Kirk, Scott; Ashley, Euan; Snyder, Michael; Altman, Russ; Butte, Atul J.; West, John; Chen, Richard] Personalis Inc, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zook, Justin; Salit, Marc] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Butte, Atul J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Computat Hlth Sci, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Altman, Russ] Stanford Univ, Dept Bioengn & Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Snyder, Michael; Bustamante, Carlos] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ashley, Euan] Stanford Univ, Ctr Inherited Cardiovasc Dis, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Patwardhan, A (reprint author), Personalis Inc, 1330 OBrien Dr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM apatwardhan@personalis.com NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-994X J9 GENOME MED JI Genome Med. PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 7 AR 71 DI 10.1186/s13073-015-0197-4 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA CO8OD UT WOS:000359428300001 PM 26269718 ER PT J AU Tsang, W Rosado-Reyes, CM AF Tsang, Wing Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M. TI Unimolecular Rate Expression for Cyclohexene Decomposition and Its Use in Chemical Thermometry under Shock Tube Conditions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID THERMAL DECOMPOSITION AB The methods used in deriving the rate expressions from comparative rate single-pulse shock tube studies, recent direct shock tube studies, and high-pressure flow experiments bearing on the data for the reverse Diels-Alder decomposition of cyclohexene to form ethylene and 1,3-butadiene are reviewed. This current interest is due to the increasing need for accurate kinetics and physical data (particularly the temperature) for realistic simulations in practical areas such as combustion. The rate constants derived from the direct shock tube studies and high-pressure flow experiments are somewhat larger than those used in comparative rate single-pulse shock tube experiments. For the latter, it is shown that they have been derived from a variety of independent experiments that include rate constants for unimolecular decomposition and isomerization processes that are considered to be well understood. The possibility of non-Arrhenius behavior in the unimolecular rate constants as a consequence of the large range covered in rate constants (as much as 12 orders of magnitude) for the comparative rate experiments has been examined and ruled out as a source of the discrepancy. Our analysis shows that there is the need to consider the possibility of radical-induced decompositions for verifying the correctness of the reaction mechanisms in studying unimolecular reactions. In the case of cyclohexene decomposition, recent experiments demonstrating the presence of residual amounts of H atoms in shock tube experiments suggest that addition to the double bond can also lead to the formation of ethylene and 1,3-butadiene and hence to rate constants larger than the true values. This possibility is even more likely to occur in high-pressure flow experiments. As a result, the internal standard method must be used with care and a radical inhibitor should always be present in sufficiently large quantities to suppress possible chain reactions. The present analysis results have important implications for the determination of temperatures in shock tubes. C1 [Tsang, Wing; Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rosado-Reyes, CM (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cm.rosado.reyes@gmail.com NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 28 BP 7155 EP 7162 DI 10.1021/jp509738r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CN3PA UT WOS:000358337600009 PM 25584988 ER PT J AU Papadimitriou, VC Karafas, ES Gierczak, T Burkholder, JB AF Papadimitriou, Vassileios C. Karafas, Emmanuel S. Gierczak, Tomasz Burkholder, James B. TI CH3CO + O-2 + M (M = He, N-2) Reaction Rate Coefficient Measurements and Implications for the OH Radical Product Yield SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT QUANTUM YIELDS; THIN ICE FILMS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; EXPERIMENTAL MARKER; RATE CONSTANTS; OH FORMATION; NITRIC-ACID; GAS-PHASE; CL ATOMS; 248 NM AB The gas-phase CH3CO + O-2 reaction is known to proceed via a chemical activation mechanism leading to the formation of OH and CH3C(O)OO radicals via bimolecular and termolecular reactive channels, respectively. In this work, rate coefficients, k, for the CH3CO + O-2 reaction were measured over a range of temperature (241-373 K) and pressure (0.009-600 Torr) with He and N-2 as the bath gas and used to characterize the bi- and ter-molecular reaction channels. Three independent experimental methods (pulsed laser photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF), pulsed laser photolysis-cavity ring-down spectroscopy (PLP-CRDS), and a very low-pressure reactor (VLPR)) were used to characterize k(T,M). PLP-LIF was the primary method used to measure k(T,M) in the high-pressure regime under pseudo-first-order conditions. CH3CO was produced by PLP, and LIF was used to monitor the OH radical bimolecular channel reaction product. CRDS, a complementary high-pressure method, measured k(295 K,M) over the pressure range 25-600 Torr (He) by monitoring the temporal CH3CO radical absorption following its production via PLP in the presence of excess O-2. The VLPR technique was used in a relative rate mode to measure k(296 K,M) in the low-pressure regime (9-32 mTorr) with CH3CO + Cl-2 used as the reference reaction. A kinetic mechanism analysis of the combined kinetic data set yielded a zero pressure limit rate coefficient, k(int)(T), of (6.4 +/- 4) x 10(-14) exp((820 +/- 150)/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (with k(int)(296 K) measured to be (9.94 +/- 1.3) x 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)), k(0)(T) = (7.39 +/- 0.3) x 10(-30) (T/300)(-2.2 +/- 0.3) cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1), and k(infinity)(T) = (4.88 +/- 0.05) x 10(-12) (T/300)(-0.85 +/- 0.07) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) with F-c = 0.8 and M = N-2. A He/N-2 collision efficiency ratio of 0.60 +/- 0.05 was determined. The phenomenological kinetic results were used to define the pressure and temperature dependence of the OH radical yield in the CH3CO + O-2 reaction. The present results are compared with results from previous studies and the discrepancies are discussed. C1 [Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.; Gierczak, Tomasz; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.; Gierczak, Tomasz] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.; Karafas, Emmanuel S.] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Lab Photochem & Chem Kinet, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program FX This work was partially supported by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 28 BP 7481 EP 7497 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b00762 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CN3PA UT WOS:000358337600039 PM 25803714 ER PT J AU Manion, JA Sheen, DA Awan, IA AF Manion, Jeffrey A. Sheen, David A. Awan, Iftikhar A. TI Evaluated Kinetics of the Reactions of H and CH3 with n-Alkanes: Experiments with n-Butane and a Combustion Model Reaction Network Analysis SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE RATE CONSTANTS; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; ALKYL RADICALS; GAS-PHASE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ABSTRACTION REACTIONS; ARRHENIUS PARAMETERS; METHYL RADICALS; AB-INITIO; IONIZING RADIATIONS AB Presented is a combined experimental and modeling study of the kinetics of the reactions of H and CH3 with n-butane, a representative aliphatic fuel. Abstraction of H from n-alkane fuels creates alkyl radicals that rapidly decompose at high temperatures to alkenes and daughter radicals. In combustion and pyrolysis, the branching ratio for attack on primary and secondary hydrogens is a key determinant of the initial olefin and radical pool, and results propagate through the chemistry of ignition, combustion, and byproduct formation. Experiments to determine relative and absolute rate constants for attack of H and CH3 have been carried out in a shock tube between 859 and 1136 K for methyl radicals and 890 to 1146 K for H atoms. Pressures ranged from 140 to 410 kPa. Appropriate precursors are used to thermally generate H and CH3 in separate experiments under dilute and well-defined conditions. A mathematical design algorithm has been applied to select the optimum experimental conditions. In conjunction with postshock product analyses, a network analysis based on the detailed chemical kinetic combustion model JetSurf 2 has been applied. Polynomial chaos expansion techniques and Monte Carlo methods are used to analyze the data and assess uncertainties. The present results provide the first experimental measurements of the branching ratios for attack of H and CH3 on primary and secondary hydrogens at temperatures near 1000 K. Results from the literature are reviewed and combined with the present data to generate evaluated rate expressions for attack on n-butane covering 300 to 2000 K for H atoms and 400 to 2000 K for methyl radicals. Values for generic n-alkanes and related hydrocarbons are also recommended. The present experiments and network analysis further demonstrate that the C-H bond scission channels in butyl radicals are an order of magnitude less important than currently indicated by JetSurf 2. Updated rate expressions for butyl radical fragmentation reactions are provided. C1 [Manion, Jeffrey A.; Sheen, David A.; Awan, Iftikhar A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manion, JA (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.manion@nist.gov NR 76 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 28 BP 7637 EP 7658 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01004 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CN3PA UT WOS:000358337600049 PM 25871634 ER PT J AU Chang, CH Nesbitt, DJ AF Chang, Chih-Hsuan Nesbitt, David J. TI Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Jet-Cooled Polyynes in a Slit Supersonic Discharge: Sub-Doppler Infrared Studies of Diacetylene HCCCCH SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON FORMATION; LINEAR POLYATOMIC MOLECULE; UNIMOLECULAR GAS REACTIONS; DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; TITANS ATMOSPHERE; BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS; VIBRATIONAL CHANGES; BENDING VIBRATIONS; TRANSITION MOMENTS; BAND INTENSITIES AB Fundamental, bending (nu(6), nu(7), nu(8), nu(9)), and CC-stretch (nu(2), nu(3)) hot band :Spectra in the antisymmetric CH stretch (nu(4)) regioxi near 3330 cm(-1) have been observed and analyzed for jet cooled diacetylene (HC equivalent to C-C equivalent to CH) under sub-Doppler conditions. Diacetylene is generated in situ in the throat of a pulsed supersonic slit expansion by discharge dissociation of acetylene to form ethynyl (C equivalent to CH) + H, followed: by radical attack (HC equivalent to CH + C equivalent to C-H) to form HC equivalent to C-C equivalent to CH + H. The combination of (i) sub-Doppler line widths and (ii) absence of spectral congestion permits rotational structure and Cori:ills interactions in the nu(4) CH stretch fundamental to be observed and analyzed with improved precision. Of particular dynamical interest, the spectra reveal diacteylene formation in highly excited internal vibrational states. Specifically, multiple Pi <- Pi and Delta <- Delta hot bands built on the nu(4) CH stretch fundamental are observed, due to doubly degenerate bending vibrations [cis C equivalent to C-H bend (nu(6)), trans C-C equivalent to C bend (nu(7)), trans C equivalent to C-H bend (nu(8)) and Cs C-C equivalent to C bend (nu(9))], as well as a heretofore unobserved Sigma <- Sigma band assigned to excitation of nu(2) or 2 nu(3) CC stretch. Boltzmann analysis yields populations consistent with univeisally cold rotations (T-rot approximate to 15 +/- 5 K) and yet superthermal vibrations (T-vib approximate to 85-430 K), the latter of which is quite anomalous for the high collision densities in a slit jet expansion. In order to elucidate the physical mechanism for this excess vibrational excitation, high level ab initio CCSD(T) calculations have been pursued with explicitly correlated basis sets (VnZ-f12; n = 2,3) and extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit using MOLPRO quantum chemistry software. The results suggest that the extensive hot band structure observed arises from (1) highly exothermic CCH + HCCH addition to yield a strongly bent HCCHCCH radical intermediate (Delta H = -62.6 kcal/mol), followed by (ii) rapid fragmentation over a submerged transition state barrier (Delta H = -18.9 kcal/mol) to form vibrationally hot diacetylene + H products (Delta H = -25.6 kcal/mol), and consistent with crossed molecular beam studies by Kaiser et al. [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2002, 4, 2950.] Finally, RRKM fragmentation rates for this complex are calculated, which exceed collision frequencies in the slit jet expansion and suggest near unity quantum efficiency for diacetylene formation. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER16021]; National Science Foundation [CHE 1266416, PRY 1125844] FX This work was supported by grants from the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-09ER16021), with funds for construction of the slit jet laser spectrometer provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE 1266416, PRY 1125844). We would also like to acknowledge Melanie Roberts and Grant Buckingham for assistance with the slit jet spectrometer and acquisition of the spectral data. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 28 BP 7940 EP 7950 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b02310 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CN3PA UT WOS:000358337600072 PM 25919691 ER PT J AU Cheon, WG Lee, SK Gordon, AL Liu, Y Cho, CB Park, JJ AF Cheon, Woo Geun Lee, Sang-Ki Gordon, Arnold L. Liu, Yanyun Cho, Chang-Bong Park, Jong Jin TI Replicating the 1970s' Weddell Polynya using a coupled ocean-sea ice model with reanalysis surface flux fields SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Weddell Polynya; open-ocean deep convection; Southern Annular Mode; Southern Hemisphere westerlies ID SOUTHERN ANNULAR MODE; DEEP CONVECTION; CLIMATE MODELS; MAUD RISE; WATER; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; TRENDS; IMPACT AB The 1970s' Weddell Polynya is simulated in the framework of a coupled ocean-sea ice model forced by reanalysis surface flux fields. A rapid emergence of strongly negative wind stress curl over the Weddell Sea intensifies the cyclonic Weddell gyre and thus causes the relatively warm and salty Weddell Deep Water (WDW) to upwell, generating an open-ocean polynya by melting sea ice or hindering its formation. Once the polynya occurs in the austral winter, the underlying water column is destabilized due to the combined effect of the high-salinity WDW, a massive cooling at the air-sea interface, and the ensuing brine rejection from newly forming ice, thus inducing open-ocean deep convection. Further analysis shows that the buildup of a large heat reservoir at depth by the mid-1970s was a necessary condition to establish the Weddell Polynya of the 1970s. C1 [Cheon, Woo Geun; Cho, Chang-Bong] Agcy Def Dev, R&D Inst 1 6, Chang Won, South Korea. [Lee, Sang-Ki; Liu, Yanyun] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki; Liu, Yanyun] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gordon, Arnold L.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Park, Jong Jin] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Earth Syst Sci, Daegu, South Korea. RP Cheon, WG (reprint author), Agcy Def Dev, R&D Inst 1 6, Chang Won, South Korea. EM cwg@add.re.kr RI Liu, Yanyun/A-5785-2011; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011 OI Liu, Yanyun/0000-0002-9754-6370; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNH10ZDA001N-BIOCLIM, NNX09AV24G]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML); NSF-OPP ANT [1141890]; National Institute of Meteorological Research FX The authors thank to the Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their critical and constructive comments and suggestions that helped us greatly. CORE2 data were provided by the National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) and GFDL at http://data1.gfdl.noaa.gov/nomads/forms/core/COREv2.html. The code used to perform MOM4p1 simulations can be accessed from http://www.mom-ocean.org/web. S.-K. Lee and Y. Liu were supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Applied Sciences Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting program (NASA grants NNH10ZDA001N-BIOCLIM and NNX09AV24G) and by the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). Arnold L. Gordon was supported by NSF-OPP ANT 1141890 (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory contribution 7910) and J. J. Park by "Research for the Meteorological and Earthquake Observation Technology and Its Application" of National Institute of Meteorological Research. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 13 BP 5411 EP 5418 DI 10.1002/2015GL064364 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CN8LG UT WOS:000358691300041 ER PT J AU Zhang, JT Zhang, R AF Zhang, Jinting Zhang, Rong TI On the evolution of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Fingerprint and implications for decadal predictability in the North Atlantic SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE AMOC fingerprint; meridional heat transport; decadal predictability ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; OCEAN CIRCULATION; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; MODELS; SYSTEM; IMPACT; 1960S AB It has been suggested previously that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) anomaly associated with changes in the North Atlantic Deep Water formation propagates southward with an advection speed north of 34 degrees N. In this study, using Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model version 2.1 (GFDL CM2.1), we show that this slow southward propagation of the AMOC anomaly is crucial for the evolution and the enhanced decadal predictability of the AMOC fingerprintthe leading mode of upper ocean heat content (UOHC) in the extratropical North Atlantic. A positive AMOC anomaly in northern high latitudes leads to a convergence/divergence of the Atlantic meridional heat transport (MHT) anomaly in the subpolar/Gulf Stream region, thus warming in the subpolar gyre (SPG) and cooling in the Gulf Stream region after several years. Recent decadal prediction studies successfully predicted the observed warm shift in the SPG in the mid-1990s. Our results here provide the physical mechanism for the enhanced decadal prediction skills in the SPG UOHC. C1 [Zhang, Jinting] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Zhang, Rong] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Rong.Zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014 OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556 FU NOAA; NASA Ocean Surface Topography Science Team (OSTST) FX Jinting Zhang is supported by NOAA Mentoring Physical Oceanography Women to Increase Retention (MPOWIR) Internship to work on this project at GFDL during the summer internship in 2013. We also would like to thank NASA Ocean Surface Topography Science Team (OSTST) for additional financial support for Jinting Zhang after the internship period. We acknowledge helpful discussions with L. Thompson and K. Kelly. We thank Michael Winton and Xiaosong Yang for comments on the manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions. The findings are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA, U.S. Government, or other funding institutions. Contact Jinting Zhang (jtzhang@uw.com) or Rong Zhang (Rong.Zhang@noaa.gov) for data and code requests. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 13 BP 5419 EP 5426 DI 10.1002/2015GL064596 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CN8LG UT WOS:000358691300042 ER PT J AU Pincus, R Mlawer, EJ Oreopoulos, L Ackerman, AS Baek, S Brath, M Buehler, SA Cady-Pereira, KE Cole, JNS Dufresne, JL Kelley, M Li, JN Manners, J Paynter, DJ Roehrig, R Sekiguchi, M Schwarzkopf, DM AF Pincus, Robert Mlawer, Eli J. Oreopoulos, Lazaros Ackerman, Andrew S. Baek, Sunghye Brath, Manfred Buehler, Stefan A. Cady-Pereira, Karen E. Cole, Jason N. S. Dufresne, Jean-Louis Kelley, Maxwell Li, Jiangnan Manners, James Paynter, David J. Roehrig, Romain Sekiguchi, Miho Schwarzkopf, Daniel M. TI Radiative flux and forcing parameterization error in aerosol-free clear skies SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Radiation; Parameterization; Radiative forcing ID CLIMATE MODELS; COOLING RATES; ATMOSPHERES; CODES; COMPUTATION; ABSORPTION; CONTINUUM; LBLRTM; CMIP5; CO2 AB This article reports on the accuracy in aerosol- and cloud-free conditions of the radiation parameterizations used in climate models. Accuracy is assessed relative to observationally validated reference models for fluxes under present-day conditions and forcing (flux changes) from quadrupled concentrations of carbon dioxide. Agreement among reference models is typically within 1 W/m(2), while parameterized calculations are roughly half as accurate in the longwave and even less accurate, and more variable, in the shortwave. Absorption of shortwave radiation is underestimated by most parameterizations in the present day and has relatively large errors in forcing. Error in present-day conditions is essentially unrelated to error in forcing calculations. Recent revisions to parameterizations have reduced error in most cases. A dependence on atmospheric conditions, including integrated water vapor, means that global estimates of parameterization error relevant for the radiative forcing of climate change will require much more ambitious calculations. C1 [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pincus, Robert] NOAA, Phys Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Mlawer, Eli J.; Cady-Pereira, Karen E.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA. [Oreopoulos, Lazaros] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ackerman, Andrew S.; Kelley, Maxwell] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Baek, Sunghye; Dufresne, Jean-Louis] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IPSL, LMD, Paris, France. [Baek, Sunghye] Korea Inst Atmospher Predict Syst, Seoul, South Korea. [Brath, Manfred; Buehler, Stefan A.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Cole, Jason N. S.; Li, Jiangnan] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Kelley, Maxwell] Trinnovim LLC, New York, NY USA. [Manners, James] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Paynter, David J.; Schwarzkopf, Daniel M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Roehrig, Romain] Meteo France, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol GAME, Toulouse, France. [Roehrig, Romain] CNRS, Toulouse, France. [Sekiguchi, Miho] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Marine Elect & Mech Engn, Tokyo, Japan. RP Pincus, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Robert.Pincus@colorado.edu RI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Dufresne, Jean-Louis/I-5616-2015; Buehler, Stefan Alexander/A-4056-2009; Li, Jiangnan/J-6262-2016; OI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Dufresne, Jean-Louis/0000-0003-4764-9600; Buehler, Stefan Alexander/0000-0001-6389-1160; Cole, Jason/0000-0003-0450-2748 FU US Department of Energy Office of Environmental and Biological Sciences [DE-SC0012549, DE-SC0012399]; NASA; Cluster of Excellence "CliSAP", Universitat Hamburg - German Science Foundation (DFG) [EXC177]; Labex L-IPSL - ANR [ANR-10-LABX-0018]; European FP7 IS-ENES2 project [312979] FX The data on which this paper is based, including atmospheric profiles used in the radiative transfer calculations and the results of the calculations as provided by participants, are included in the supporting information. We are grateful for helpful comments from two anonymous reviewers. This work was financially supported by the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the US Department of Energy Office of Environmental and Biological Sciences (grants DE-SC0012549 to R.P. and DE-SC0012399 to E.J.M.). A.S.A., L.O., and M.K. were supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program. S.B. was partially supported through the Cluster of Excellence "CliSAP" (EXC177), Universitat Hamburg, funded through the German Science Foundation (DFG). S.B. and J.L.D. were partially supported by the Labex L-IPSL which is funded by the ANR (grant ANR-10-LABX-0018) and by the European FP7 IS-ENES2 project (grant 312979). NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 13 BP 5485 EP 5492 DI 10.1002/2015GL064291 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CN8LG UT WOS:000358691300050 ER PT J AU Tjernstrom, M Shupe, MD Brooks, IM Persson, POG Prytherch, J Salisbury, DJ Sedlar, J Achtert, P Brooks, BJ Johnston, PE Sotiropoulou, G Wolfe, D AF Tjernstrom, Michael Shupe, Matthew D. Brooks, Ian M. Persson, P. Ola G. Prytherch, John Salisbury, Dominic J. Sedlar, Joseph Achtert, Peggy Brooks, Barbara J. Johnston, Paul E. Sotiropoulou, Georgia Wolfe, Dan TI Warm-air advection, air mass transformation and fog causes rapid ice melt SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE warm-air advection; surface inversion; fog; surface energy balance; sea-ice melt; Arctic ID ARCTIC SEA-ICE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SUMMER; OCEAN; AMPLIFICATION; CLOUD; ATMOSPHERE; BUDGET; EXTENT AB Direct observations during intense warm-air advection over the East Siberian Sea reveal a period of rapid sea-ice melt. A semistationary, high-pressure system north of the Bering Strait forced northward advection of warm, moist air from the continent. Air-mass transformation over melting sea ice formed a strong, surface-based temperature inversion in which dense fog formed. This induced a positive net longwave radiation at the surface while reducing net solar radiation only marginally; the inversion also resulted in downward turbulent heat flux. The sum of these processes enhanced the surface energy flux by an average of similar to 15Wm(-2) for a week. Satellite images before and after the episode show sea-ice concentrations decreasing from > 90% to similar to 50% over a large area affected by the air-mass transformation. We argue that this rapid melt was triggered by the increased heat flux from the atmosphere due to the warm-air advection. C1 [Tjernstrom, Michael; Sedlar, Joseph; Sotiropoulou, Georgia] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Tjernstrom, Michael; Sedlar, Joseph; Sotiropoulou, Georgia] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Shupe, Matthew D.; Persson, P. Ola G.; Johnston, Paul E.; Wolfe, Dan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.; Persson, P. Ola G.; Johnston, Paul E.; Wolfe, Dan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Brooks, Ian M.; Prytherch, John; Salisbury, Dominic J.; Achtert, Peggy] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Brooks, Barbara J.] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Tjernstrom, M (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM michaelt@misu.su.se RI Brooks, Ian/E-1378-2012; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Johnston, Paul/E-1914-2016; OI Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Johnston, Paul/0000-0002-4046-9351; Tjernstrom, Michael/0000-0002-6908-7410; Prytherch, John/0000-0003-1209-289X; Achtert, Peggy/0000-0003-0156-5276 FU Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; US Office of Naval Research; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); UK Natural Environment Research Council FX We acknowledge funding from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Research Council, US Office of Naval Research, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the UK Natural Environment Research Council. Instruments were supplied by the Earth System Research Laboratory of NOAA in Boulder, Colorado and the UK National Centre for Atmospheric Science. We are grateful to the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat and the two crews of the Oden and their Captains for logistics support. All data from ACSE will be made available through the Bolin Centre for Climate Research database (http://www.bolin.su.se). NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 13 BP 5594 EP 5602 DI 10.1002/2015GL064373 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CN8LG UT WOS:000358691300064 ER PT J AU MacGorman, DR Biggerstaff, MI Waugh, S Pilkey, JT Uman, MA Jordan, DM Ngin, T Gamerota, WR Carrie, G Hyland, P AF MacGorman, D. R. Biggerstaff, M. I. Waugh, S. Pilkey, J. T. Uman, M. A. Jordan, D. M. Ngin, T. Gamerota, W. R. Carrie, G. Hyland, P. TI Coordinated lightning, balloon-borne electric field, and radar observations of triggered lightning flashes in North Florida SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE thunderstorm; lightning; thunderstorm charge; electric field; electrification; triggered lightning ID THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; MAPPING ARRAY; PRECIPITATION; CHARGE; PROPAGATION; CLOUDS; STEPS AB This study examines coordinated storm and triggered lightning observations made in July-August 2013 at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing to determine why triggered flashes in Florida typically transition from an upward vertical channel entering the cloud to horizontal structure near the storm's melting level. Data from a balloon-borne electric field meter, a mobile 5cm wavelength radar, and a small-baseline VHF Lightning Mapping Array acquired during a period in which three flashes were triggered on 1 August confirmed the hypothesis that the transition to horizontal lightning structure just above the melting level occurred in a layer of negative charge. This experiment was the first to provide vertical profiles of the electric field in Florida storms, from which their vertical charge distribution could be inferred. Three dissipating storms observed on different days all had negative charge near the melting level, but a growing mature storm had positive charge there. C1 [MacGorman, D. R.; Biggerstaff, M. I.; Waugh, S.; Carrie, G.; Hyland, P.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [MacGorman, D. R.; Biggerstaff, M. I.; Waugh, S.; Carrie, G.; Hyland, P.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Biggerstaff, M. I.; Waugh, S.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Pilkey, J. T.; Uman, M. A.; Jordan, D. M.; Ngin, T.; Gamerota, W. R.] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP MacGorman, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM Don.Macgorman@noaa.gov OI Ngin, Terry/0000-0002-4527-5038; MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196; Biggerstaff, Michael/0000-0002-6690-784X FU DARPA; NOAA/NESDIS [L2NSR20PCF]; NSF AGS [1063945, 1063537]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX Data from balloon-borne instruments are available from Don MacGorman, lightning mapping data are available from Martin Uman (uman@ece.ufl.edu), and radar data are available from Michael Biggerstaff (drdoppler@ou.edu). Support for this grant was provided by DARPA, by NOAA/NESDIS grant L2NSR20PCF, by NSF AGS grants 1063945 and 1063537, and by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. This research would not have been possible without the assistance of graduate and undergraduate students on the balloon launch team from the University of Oklahoma, Norman, and the University of Florida, Gainesville. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 13 BP 5635 EP 5643 DI 10.1002/2015GL064203 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CN8LG UT WOS:000358691300069 ER PT J AU Fuchs, BR Rutledge, SA Bruning, EC Pierce, JR Kodros, JK Lang, TJ MacGorman, DR Krehbiel, PR Rison, W AF Fuchs, Brody R. Rutledge, Steven A. Bruning, Eric C. Pierce, Jeffrey R. Kodros, John K. Lang, Timothy J. MacGorman, Donald R. Krehbiel, Paul R. Rison, William TI Environmental controls on storm intensity and charge structure in multiple regions of the continental United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE lightning; cloud processes; thermodynamics; aerosols; charge structure ID GROUND LIGHTNING POLARITY; SECONDARY ICE PARTICLES; SEVERE THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; MIXED-PHASE MICROPHYSICS; VERTICAL VELOCITY; PRECIPITATION; RADAR; AEROSOL; DISTRIBUTIONS; SUPERCELL AB A database consisting of approximately 4000 storm observations has been objectively analyzed to determine environmental characteristics that produce high radar reflectivities above the freezing level, large total lightning flash rates on the order of 10 flashes per minute, and anomalous vertical charge structures (most notably, dominant midlevel positive charge). The storm database is drawn from four regions of the United States featuring distinct environments, each with coinciding Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) network data. LMAs are able to infer total lightning flash rates using flash clustering algorithms, such as the one implemented in this study. Results show that anomalous charge structures inferred from LMA data, significant lightning flash rates, and increased radar reflectivities above the freezing level tend to be associated with environments that have high cloud base heights (approximately 3km above ground level) and large atmospheric instability, quantified by normalized convective available potential energy (NCAPE) near 0.2ms(-2). Additionally, we infer that aerosols may affect storm intensity. Maximum flash rates were observed in storms with attributed aerosol concentrations near 1000cm(-3), while total flash rates decrease when aerosol concentrations exceed 1500cm(-3), consistent with previous studies. However, this effect is more pronounced in regions where the NCAPE and cloud base height are low. The dearth of storms with estimated aerosol concentrations less than 700cm(-3) (approximately 1% of total sample) does not provide a complete depiction of aerosol invigoration. C1 [Fuchs, Brody R.; Rutledge, Steven A.; Pierce, Jeffrey R.; Kodros, John K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bruning, Eric C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Lang, Timothy J.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [MacGorman, Donald R.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Krehbiel, Paul R.; Rison, William] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Langmuir Lab Atmospher Res, Geophys Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Fuchs, BR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM brfuchs@atmos.colostate.edu RI Pierce, Jeffrey/E-4681-2013; OI Pierce, Jeffrey/0000-0002-4241-838X; MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196; Fuchs, Brody/0000-0002-7629-0687 FU NSF [AGS1010657] FX The authors wish to thank Doug Stolz and Brett Basarab at CSU for the discussions related to this work. General technical help from Paul Hein was crucial to the completion of this study. The authors would also like to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and comments that improved the paper. Information about NMQ mosaic radar data can be found at http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/projects/q2/. A portion of the LMA data was provided by Rich Blakeslee. The LMA networks and data are maintained at New Mexico Tech. For more information about the flash clustering algorithm visit https://github.com/deeplycloudy/lmatools. NLDN data were provided via subscription by Vaisala Inc. (http://www.vaisala.com/en/pages/default.aspx). Environmental analysis data were provided by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). Supplemental environmental data were provided by Dan Lindsey. Inquiries or supplemental information about the data used in this study should be directed to the corresponding author (brfuchs@atmos.colostate.edu). Funding for this study was provided by NSF grant AGS1010657. NR 119 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 13 BP 6575 EP 6596 DI 10.1002/2015JD023271 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN8MN UT WOS:000358695200017 ER PT J AU Castellani, BB Shupe, MD Hudak, DR Sheppard, BE AF Castellani, Benjamin B. Shupe, Matthew D. Hudak, David R. Sheppard, Brian E. TI The annual cycle of snowfall at Summit, Greenland SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Greenland; mass balance; Summit; snowfall; precipitation; POSS ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; ICE-SHEET; MASS-BALANCE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; RADAR REFLECTIVITY; DOPPLER RADAR; PRECIPITATION; ACCUMULATION; SIZE; SUBLIMATION AB While snow accumulation over central Greenland has been extensively studied, interannual variability of snowfall in the region is not well understood due to a dearth of observations. The Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric state and Precipitation at Summit (ICECAPS) project at Summit, Greenland, offers a unique, ground-based opportunity to study precipitation in central Greenland where the surface mass balance is positive. Combining data from a Precipitation Occurrence Sensor System (POSS), Millimeter-wavelength Cloud Radar (MMCR), and snow stake field, the annual cycle of precipitation at Summit is examined. Average daily snowfall is higher by a factor of 3 from June to October compared to November to May, while surface height change is only higher by 15% during the same timeframes. This reduced variability in surface height is explained by the seasonally varying nature of latent heat flux, compaction, and wind contributions. The ICECAPS remote sensors and stake field measurements do not agree as far as total annual water equivalent. This discrepancy is likely due to a low bias in the POSS and MMCR snowfall retrievals for Summit. To further examine the seasonal cycle, snowfall measurements by the POSS were linked to local meteorological parameters, including wind direction, liquid water path (LWP), 2m temperature, and precipitable water vapor. An observed wind direction and moisture dependence are consistent with snowfall being linked to pulses of moist air that originate over nearby, ice-free ocean, a resource that becomes more readily available in summertime as the winter sea ice retreats. LWP is shown to have little relationship to snowfall, indicating that ice-phase precipitation processes are quite important for snowfall at Summit. C1 [Castellani, Benjamin B.; Shupe, Matthew D.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Castellani, Benjamin B.; Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hudak, David R.; Sheppard, Brian E.] Environm Canada, King City, ON, Canada. RP Shupe, MD (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Matthew.Shupe@noaa.gov RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU National Science Foundation; U.S. National Science Foundation [PLR1303879, PLR1314156] FX All data sets used in these analyses are available via the Advanced Cooperative Arctic Data and Information Service (ACADIS), which is supported by the National Science Foundation, at www.aoncadis.org. Information on specific data sets can be found by searching on the keyword "ICECAPS." This research was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants PLR1303879 and PLR1314156. The POSS was provided to the project by Environment Canada. The authors are grateful for comments from Sergey Matrosov and other collaborators on the ICECAPS project, including David Turner, Von Walden, Ralf Bennartz, and a large team of students, engineers, and science technicians. Joe McConnell and Roger Bales provided the stake field measurements, while NOAA Global Monitoring Division provided near-surface meteorological measurements. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 13 BP 6654 EP 6668 DI 10.1002/2015JD023072 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN8MN UT WOS:000358695200021 ER PT J AU Cui, YY Brioude, J McKeen, SA Angevine, WM Kim, SW Frost, GJ Ahmadov, R Peischl, J Bousserez, N Liu, Z Ryerson, TB Wofsy, SC Santoni, GW Kort, EA Fischer, ML Trainer, M AF Cui, Yu Yan Brioude, Jerome McKeen, Stuart A. Angevine, Wayne M. Kim, Si-Wan Frost, Gregory J. Ahmadov, Ravan Peischl, Jeff Bousserez, Nicolas Liu, Zhen Ryerson, Thomas B. Wofsy, Steve C. Santoni, Gregory W. Kort, Eric A. Fischer, Marc L. Trainer, Michael TI Top-down estimate of methane emissions in California using a mesoscale inverse modeling technique: The South Coast Air Basin SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE methane; emission inventory; inverse modeling; Los Angeles ID NATURAL-GAS INFRASTRUCTURE; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; QUALITY; SIMULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; CAMPAIGN; CALNEX; TEXAS; NOX AB Methane (CH4) is the primary component of natural gas and has a larger global warming potential than CO2. Recent top-down studies based on observations showed CH4 emissions in California's South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) were greater than those expected from population-apportioned bottom-up state inventories. In this study, we quantify CH4 emissions with an advanced mesoscale inverse modeling system at a resolution of 8kmx8km, using aircraft measurements in the SoCAB during the 2010 Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change campaign to constrain the inversion. To simulate atmospheric transport, we use the FLEXible PARTicle-Weather Research and Forecasting (FLEXPART-WRF) Lagrangian particle dispersion model driven by three configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model. We determine surface fluxes of CH4 using a Bayesian least squares method in a four-dimensional inversion. Simulated CH4 concentrations with the posterior emission inventory achieve much better correlations with the measurements (R-2=0.7) than using the prior inventory (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Emission Inventory 2005, R-2=0.5). The emission estimates for CH4 in the posterior, 46.39.2 Mg CH4/h, are consistent with published observation-based estimates. Changes in the spatial distribution of CH4 emissions in the SoCAB between the prior and posterior inventories are discussed. Missing or underestimated emissions from dairies, the oil/gas system, and landfills in the SoCAB seem to explain the differences between the prior and posterior inventories. We estimate that dairies contributed 5.91.7 Mg CH4/h and the two sectors of oil and gas industries (production and downstream) and landfills together contributed 39.68.1 Mg CH4/h in the SoCAB. C1 [Cui, Yu Yan; Brioude, Jerome; McKeen, Stuart A.; Angevine, Wayne M.; Kim, Si-Wan; Frost, Gregory J.; Ahmadov, Ravan; Peischl, Jeff; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Trainer, Michael] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cui, Yu Yan; Brioude, Jerome; McKeen, Stuart A.; Angevine, Wayne M.; Kim, Si-Wan; Frost, Gregory J.; Ahmadov, Ravan; Peischl, Jeff] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brioude, Jerome] CNRS Meteo France Univ La Reunion, Lab Atmosphere & Cyclones, UMR8105, St Denis, Reunion. [Bousserez, Nicolas] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Liu, Zhen] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Wofsy, Steve C.; Santoni, Gregory W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kort, Eric A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Fischer, Marc L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brioude, J (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jerome.brioude@noaa.gov RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Liu, Zhen/C-3027-2011; Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award; NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program; California Energy Commission Public Interest Environmental Research Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DEAC04-94AL85000] FX FLEXPART-WRF model is available at the official FLEXPART website (http://flexpart.eu). NOAA P-3 observation data are available and can be downloaded at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/projects/calnex. The posterior emission inventory is available online as supporting information in NetCDF format. The lognormal Bayesian inverse software was developed at CSD/NOAA and CIRES. The WRF initial/boundary data were provided by NOAA/NCEP and NCAR. U.S. EPA NEI 2005 provided the prior emission data. We thank the High Performance Computing Program for their support in running FLEXPART-WRF. We thank Sandia National Laboratories who supported NG production and distribution data. The lead author would like to thank in particular the generous support of a National Research Council Research Associateship Award. This work was supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program. M.L.F. acknowledges support from the California Energy Commission Public Interest Environmental Research Program to LBNL under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Z.L. was supported under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DEAC04-94AL85000. Our thanks are given to the three anonymous reviewers who helped to substantially improve the quality of this paper. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 13 BP 6698 EP 6711 DI 10.1002/2014JD023002 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN8MN UT WOS:000358695200024 ER PT J AU Nogaj, LJ Smyder, JA Leach, KE Tu, XM Zheng, M Krauss, TD AF Nogaj, Lisa J. Smyder, Julie A. Leach, Kathryn E. Tu, Xiaomin Zheng, Ming Krauss, Todd D. TI Bright Fraction of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes through Correlated Fluorescence and Topography Measurements SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY; SUSPENSION; SEPARATION; EFFICIENCY; SPECTRA; BUNDLES; LENGTH AB Correlated measurements of fluorescence and topography were performed for individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on quartz using epifluorescence confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surprisingly, only similar to 11% of all SWNTs in DNA-wrapped samples were found to be highly emissive on quartz, suggesting that the ensemble fluorescence quantum yield is low because only a small population of SWNTs fluoresces strongly. Qualitatively similar conclusions were obtained from control studies using a sodium cholate surfactant system. To accommodate AFM measurements, excess surfactant was removed from the substrate. Though individual SWNTs on nonrinsed and rinsed surfaces displayed differences in fluorescence intensities and line widths, arising from the influence of the local environment on individual SWNT optical measurements, photoluminescence data from both samples displayed consistent trends. C1 [Nogaj, Lisa J.; Smyder, Julie A.; Leach, Kathryn E.; Krauss, Todd D.] Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Krauss, Todd D.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Tu, Xiaomin; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Krauss, TD (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM krauss@chem.rochester.edu OI Krauss, Todd/0000-0002-4860-874X FU Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Awards Program; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-06ER15821] FX The authors thank Lenore Kubie for her assistance with sample preparation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Awards Program, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences through Grant DE-FG02-06ER15821 for financial support. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 6 IS 14 BP 2816 EP 2821 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01032 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CN3PU UT WOS:000358339600026 PM 26266867 ER PT J AU Chow, WW Straatsma, CJE Anderson, DZ AF Chow, Weng W. Straatsma, Cameron J. E. Anderson, Dana Z. TI Numerical model for atomtronic circuit analysis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS AB A model for studying atomtronic devices and circuits based on finite-temperature Bose-condensed gases is presented. The approach involves numerically solving equations of motion for atomic populations and coherences, derived using the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian and the Heisenberg picture. The resulting cluster expansion is truncated at a level giving balance between physics rigor and numerical demand mitigation. This approach allows parametric studies involving time scales that cover both the rapid population dynamics relevant to nonequilibrium state evolution, as well as the much longer time durations typical for reaching steady-state device operation. The model is demonstrated by studying the evolution of a Bose-condensed gas in the presence of atom injection and extraction in a double-well potential. In this configuration phase locking between condensates in each well of the potential is readily observed, and its influence on the evolution of the system is studied. C1 [Chow, Weng W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Straatsma, Cameron J. E.; Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Straatsma, Cameron J. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Dana Z.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Anderson, DZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dana@jila.colorado.edu FU Sandia LDRD program - U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-14-1-0327]; U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY1125844]; Charles Stark Draper Laboratory [SC001-0000000759] FX This work is partially supported by the Sandia LDRD program, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000, and by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract No. FA9550-14-1-0327, the U.S. National Science Foundation under Contract No. PHY1125844, and the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory under Contract No. SC001-0000000759. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 1 AR 013621 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.013621 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CM9HQ UT WOS:000358019200008 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Ott, D Song, J Tong, MS Chu, W AF Zhang, Hao Ott, Daniel Song, John Tong, Mingsi Chu, Wei TI A Simple and Fast Spline Filtering Algorithm for Surface Metrology SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE discrete cosine transform; discrete Fourier transform; spline filter; surface metrology AB Spline filters and their corresponding robust filters are commonly used filters recommended in ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) standards for surface evaluation. Generally, these linear and non-linear spline filters, composed of symmetric, positive-definite matrices, are solved in an iterative fashion based on a Cholesky decomposition. They have been demonstrated to be relatively efficient, but complicated and inconvenient to implement. A new spline-filter algorithm is proposed by means of the discrete cosine transform or the discrete Fourier transform. The algorithm is conceptually simple and very convenient to implement. C1 [Zhang, Hao] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Hao; Ott, Daniel; Song, John; Tong, Mingsi; Chu, Wei] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tong, Mingsi] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mechatron Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM hao.zhang@nist.gov; daniel.ott@nist.gov; jun-feng.song@nist.gov; mingsi.tong@nist.gov; wei.chu@nist.gov OI Ott, Daniel/0000-0001-5221-8819 FU NIST's Special Programs Office (SPO); National Natural Science Foundation of China [E051101]; Jiangsu University Natural Science Foundation [12KJB460006] FX The funding for this research was provided by NIST's Special Programs Office (SPO), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (E051101) and Jiangsu University Natural Science Foundation (12KJB460006). The authors are grateful to Bala Muralikrishnan and Li Ma for their editorial comments and helpful revisions. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.6028/jres.120.010 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CN8WM UT WOS:000358726400001 PM 26958443 ER PT J AU Dennis, CL Krycka, KL Borchers, JA Desautels, RD van Lierop, J Huls, NF Jackson, AJ Gruettner, C Ivkov, R AF Dennis, Cindi L. Krycka, Kathryn L. Borchers, Julie A. Desautels, Ryan D. van Lierop, Johan Huls, Natalie F. Jackson, Andrew J. Gruettner, Cordula Ivkov, Robert TI Internal Magnetic Structure of Nanoparticles Dominates Time-Dependent Relaxation Processes in a Magnetic Field SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL DOSIMETRY; CANCER; HYPERTHERMIA; NANOMEDICINES; PARTICLES; THERAPY; DAMAGE; MICE AB Magnetic nanoparticles provide a unique combination of small size and responsiveness to magnetic fields making them attractive for applications in electronics, biology, and medicine. When exposed to alternating magnetic fields, magnetic nanoparticles can generate heat through loss power mechanisms that continue to challenge a complete physical description. The influence of internal nanoparticle (intracore) magnetic domain structure on relaxation remains unexplored. Within the context of potential biomedical applications, this study focuses on the dramatic differences observed among the specific loss power of three magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle constructs having comparable size and chemical composition. Analysis of polarization analyzed small angle neutron scattering data reveals unexpected and complex coupling among magnetic domains within the nanoparticle cores that influences their interactions with external magnetic fields. These results challenge the prevailing concepts in hyperthermia which limit consideration to size and shape of magnetic single domain nanoparticles. C1 [Dennis, Cindi L.; Huls, Natalie F.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krycka, Kathryn L.; Borchers, Julie A.; Jackson, Andrew J.; Ivkov, Robert] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Desautels, Ryan D.; van Lierop, Johan] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Jackson, Andrew J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Gruettner, Cordula] Micromod Partikeltechnol GmbH, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. [Ivkov, Robert] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol & Mol Radiat Sci, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. [Ivkov, Robert] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. [Ivkov, Robert] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst NanoBioTechnol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ivkov, Robert] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Dennis, CL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cindi.dennis@nist.gov; rivkov1@jhmi.edu RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Ivkov, Robert/A-3902-2015 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Ivkov, Robert/0000-0002-2930-5276 NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUL 15 PY 2015 VL 25 IS 27 BP 4300 EP 4311 DI 10.1002/adfm.201500405 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CM9AG UT WOS:000357996600014 ER PT J AU Straatsma, CJE Ivory, MK Duggan, J Ramirez-Serrano, J Anderson, DZ Salim, EA AF Straatsma, Cameron J. E. Ivory, Megan K. Duggan, Janet Ramirez-Serrano, Jaime Anderson, Dana Z. Salim, Evan A. TI On-chip optical lattice for cold atom experiments SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD QUANTUM GASES; CLOCK AB An atom-chip-based integrated optical lattice system for cold and ultracold atom applications is presented. The retroreflection optics necessary for forming the lattice are bonded directly to the atom chip, enabling a compact and robust on-chip optical lattice system. After achieving Bose-Einstein condensation in a magnetic chip trap, we load atoms directly into a vertically oriented 1D optical lattice and demonstrate Landau - Zener tunneling. The atom chip technology presented here can be readily extended to higher dimensional optical lattices. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Straatsma, Cameron J. E.; Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Straatsma, Cameron J. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ivory, Megan K.; Duggan, Janet; Ramirez-Serrano, Jaime; Salim, Evan A.] ColdQuanta Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Dana Z.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Anderson, DZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dana@jila.colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-14-1-0327, STTR FA9550-11-C-0051]; Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) [PHY1125844] FX Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (FA9550-14-1-0327, STTR FA9550-11-C-0051); Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) (PHY1125844). NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 14 BP 3368 EP 3371 DI 10.1364/OL.40.003368 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CM8PB UT WOS:000357963000038 PM 26176471 ER PT J AU White, ND Balthis, L Kannan, K De Silva, AO Wu, Q French, KM Daugomah, J Spencer, C Fair, PA AF White, Natasha D. Balthis, Len Kannan, Kurunthachalam De Silva, Amila O. Wu, Qian French, Katherine M. Daugomah, James Spencer, Christine Fair, Patricia A. TI Elevated levels of perfluoroalkyl substances in estuarine sediments of Charleston, SC SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs); Sediments; Charleston Harbor ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS PFCS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES; PARTITIONING BEHAVIOR; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; WASTE-WATER; CHINA; RIVER AB Urban areas are sources of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the environment, although little is known about specific point sources and distribution of PFASs. Sentinel species, like bottlenose dolphins, are important indicators of environmental perturbations. The high PFAS levels found in dolphins inhabiting Charleston, South Carolina prompted investigation of these chemicals in this area. This study provides further evidence on the extent of contamination and potential sources of PFASs. In this study, concentrations of 11 PFASs measured in estuarine sediments collected in 2012 from the Charleston Harbor and the Ashley and Cooper Rivers (n = 36) in South Carolina revealed higher levels than those reported in any other U.S. urban areas. Detectable levels were found in all sample locations with mean total PFAS concentrations of 3.79 ng g(-1) (range 0.22 to 19.2 ng g(-1) d.w.). Dominant compounds were perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (mean 1.52 ng g(-1); range 0.09-7.37 ng g(-1) d.w.), followed by perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) (mean 0.83 ng g(-1); range 0.06-4.76 ng g(-1) d.w.) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) (mean 0.42 ng g(-1); range 0.02-2.52 ng g(-1) d.w.). PFOS levels in sediments at 19 of 36 sites (representing 52% of the study area) exceeded the published global median PFOS sediment concentration of 0.54 ng g(-1). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [White, Natasha D.; Balthis, Len; Daugomah, James; Fair, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Wu, Qian] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [De Silva, Amila O.; French, Katherine M.; Spencer, Christine] Environm Canada, Water Sci Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada. RP Fair, PA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM pat.fair@noaa.gov FU NOAA CCEHBR Laboratory, Charleston, SC FX We graciously thank Blaine West and J.D. Dubick for sample collection and Cynthia Cooksey, Pete Key, and Paul Pennington for their critical review of this manuscript and support of the NOAA CCEHBR Laboratory, Charleston, SC. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2015 VL 521 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.078 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH3ED UT WOS:000353909000011 PM 25828416 ER PT J AU Cockayne, E Nelson, EB AF Cockayne, Eric Nelson, Eric B. TI Density functional theory meta-GGA plus U study of water incorporation in the metal-organic framework material Cu-BTC SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIGH-CAPACITY; AB-INITIO; ADSORPTION; CU-3(BTC)(2); HKUST-1; SITES; CO2; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE AB Water absorption in the metal-organic framework (MOF) material Cu-BTC, up to a concentration of 3.5 H2O per Cu ion, is studied via density functional theory at the meta-GGA + U level. The stable arrangements of water molecules show chains of hydrogen-bonded water molecules and a tendency to form closed cages at high concentration. Water clusters are stabilized primarily by a combination of water-water hydrogen bonding and Cu-water oxygen interactions. Stability is further enhanced by van der Waals interactions, electric field enhancement of water-water bonding, and hydrogen bonding of water to framework oxygens. We hypothesize that the tendency to form such stable clusters explains the particularly strong affinity of water to Cu-BTC and related MOFs with exposed metal sites. C1 [Cockayne, Eric; Nelson, Eric B.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cockayne, E (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.cockayne@nist.gov NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 14 PY 2015 VL 143 IS 2 AR 024701 DI 10.1063/1.4923461 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CM8OL UT WOS:000357961400039 PM 26178120 ER PT J AU Cho, TJ Pettibone, JM Gorham, JM Nguyen, TM MacCuspie, RI Gigault, J Hackley, VA AF Cho, Tae Joon Pettibone, John M. Gorham, Justin M. Nguyen, Thao M. MacCuspie, Robert I. Gigault, Julien Hackley, Vincent A. TI Unexpected Changes in Functionality and Surface Coverage for Au Nanoparticle PEI Conjugates: Implications for Stability and Efficacy in Biological Systems SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PROTECTED GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SIRNA DELIVERY; ALKYLATED POLYETHYLENIMINES; TRANSFECTION EFFICIENCY; ACUTE CYTOTOXICITY; PLASMON RESONANCE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; CELLULAR UPTAKE; IN-VIVO; GENE AB Cationic polyethylenimine conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNP-PEI) are a widely studied vector for drug delivery and an effective probe for interrogating NP-cell interactions. However, an inconsistent body of literature currently exists regarding the reproducibility of physicochemical properties, colloidal stability, and efficacy for these species. To address this gap, we systematically examined the preparation, stability, and formation mechanism of PEI conjugates produced from citrate-capped AuNPs. We considered the dependence on relative molar mass, M-r, backbone conformation, and material source. The conjugation mechanism of Au-PEI was probed using attenuated total reflectance FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealing distinct fates for citrate when interacting with different PEI species. The differences in residual citrate, PEI properties, and sample preparation resulted in distinct products with differentiated stability. Overall, branched PEI (25 kDa) conjugates exhibited the greatest colloidal stability in all media tested. By contrast, linear PEI (25 kDa) induced agglomeration. Colloidal stability of the products was also observed to correlate with displaced citrate, which supports a glaring knowledge gap that has emerged regarding the role of this commonly used carboxylate species as a "place holder" for conjugation with ligands of broad functionalities. We observed an unexpected and previously unreported conversion of amine functional groups to quaternary ammonium species for 10 kDa branched conjugates. Results suggest that the AuNP surface catalyzes this conversion. The product is known to manifest distinct processes and uptake in biological systems compared to amines and may lead to unintentional toxicological consequences or decreased efficacy as delivery vectors. Overall, comprehensive physicochemical characterization (tandem spectroscopy methods combined with physical measurements) of the conjugation process provides a methodology for elucidating the contributing factors of colloidal stability and chemical functionality that likely influence the previously reported variations in conjugate properties and biological response models. C1 [Cho, Tae Joon; Pettibone, John M.; Gorham, Justin M.; Nguyen, Thao M.; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Gigault, Julien; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov OI Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 15 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 14 PY 2015 VL 31 IS 27 BP 7673 EP 7683 DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01634 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CN0LL UT WOS:000358105000028 PM 26114747 ER PT J AU Migler, KB Kotula, AP Walker, ARH AF Migler, Kalman B. Kotula, Anthony P. Walker, Angela R. Hight TI Trans-Rich Structures in Early Stage Crystallization of Polyethylene SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS; HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; LASER-RAMAN SPECTRUM; BLOWN FILM EXTRUSION; X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION; INTERMEDIATE PHASE; LINEAR POLYETHYLENE; BULK POLYMERS; ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION AB The kinetic pathway by;which molten polymers transform into multi-length-scale, semicrystalline structures upon cooling is critical to their processing, properties, and ultimate performance. However, for the case of polyethylene (PE), critical questions remain concerning early stage kinetics of isothermal crystallization. Here we utilize Raman spectroscopy, in conjunction with turbidity and depolarization measurements, to probe crystallization kinetics in PE because of its unique ability to simultaneously measure intrachain consecutive trans conformations (locally straight) and interchain orthorhombic crystallinity. We analyze the spectra within the context of a three-state model to extract the mass fraction of conformations that are locally straight but not part of the orthorhombic crystal, which we term noncrystalline consecutive trans (NCCT). We first validate this methodology on the n-alkane C21H44 where the NCCT mass fraction is expected to be large and then apply it to the early stage crystallization kinetics of PE. We find that the NCCT conformations appear in conjunction with orthorhombic crystallinity, indicating that the growing early stage clusters are rich in NCCT conformations. C1 [Migler, Kalman B.; Kotula, Anthony P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Migler, KB (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kalman.migler@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 14 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 13 BP 4555 EP 4561 DI 10.1021/ma5025895 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CN0LK UT WOS:000358104900034 ER PT J AU Yoon, S Jain, AK AF Yoon, Soweon Jain, Anil K. TI Longitudinal study of fingerprint recognition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biometrics; fingerprint recognition; persistence of fingerprints; longitudinal data analysis; multilevel statistical model ID INDIVIDUALITY; MINUTIAE AB Human identification by fingerprints is based on the fundamental premise that ridge patterns from distinct fingers are different (uniqueness) and a fingerprint pattern does not change over time (persistence). Although the uniqueness of fingerprints has been investigated by developing statistical models to estimate the probability of error in comparing two random samples of fingerprints, the persistence of fingerprints has remained a general belief based on only a few case studies. In this study, fingerprint match (similarity) scores are analyzed by multilevel statistical models with covariates such as time interval between two fingerprints in comparison, subject's age, and fingerprint image quality. Longitudinal fingerprint records of 15,597 subjects are sampled from an operational fingerprint database such that each individual has at least five 10-print records over a minimum time span of 5 y. In regard to the persistence of fingerprints, the longitudinal analysis on a single (right index) finger demonstrates that (i) genuine match scores tend to significantly decrease when time interval between two fingerprints in comparison increases, whereas the change in impostor match scores is negligible; and (ii) fingerprint recognition accuracy at operational settings, nevertheless, tends to be stable as the time interval increases up to 12 y, the maximum time span in the dataset. However, the uncertainty of temporal stability of fingerprint recognition accuracy becomes substantially large if either of the two fingerprints being compared is of poor quality. The conclusions drawn from 10-finger fusion analysis coincide with the conclusions from single-finger analysis. C1 [Yoon, Soweon; Jain, Anil K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Yoon, Soweon] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jain, AK (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jain@cse.msu.edu FU National Science Foundation Center for Identification Technology Research FX We thank Prof. Joseph Gardiner (Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University) and Karthik Nandakumar (IBM, Singapore) for helpful discussions and suggestions. We also acknowledge the help of Capt. Greg Michaud, Director of Forensic Science Division at the Michigan State Police, in providing us the fingerprint dataset used in this study. This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation Center for Identification Technology Research. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 14 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 28 BP 8555 EP 8560 DI 10.1073/pnas.1410272112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CM7MU UT WOS:000357878700032 PM 26124106 ER PT J AU Cheng, YH Thomay, T Solomon, GS Migdall, AL Polyakov, SV AF Cheng, Y. -H. Thomay, Tim Solomon, Glenn S. Migdall, Alan L. Polyakov, Sergey V. TI Statistically background-free, phase-preserving parametric up-conversion with faint light SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTION; QUANTUM-DOT SPIN; FREQUENCY-CONVERSION; WAVELENGTH; INTERFEROMETER; COMMUNICATION; ENTANGLEMENT; LEVEL; NOISE AB We demonstrate up-conversion with no statistically significant background photons and a dynamic range of 15 decades. Near-infrared 920 nm photons were converted into the visible at 577 nm using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides pumped by a 1550 nm laser. In addition to achieving statistically noiseless frequency up-conversion, we report a high degree of phase preservation (with fringe visibilities >= 0.97) at the single-photon level using an up-converting Mach-Zehnder interferometer. This background-free process opens a path to single-photon detection with no intrinsic dark count. Combined with a demonstrated photon-number preserving property of an up-converter, this work demonstrates the feasibility of noiseless frequency up-conversion of entangled photon pairs. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Cheng, Y. -H.; Thomay, Tim; Solomon, Glenn S.; Migdall, Alan L.; Polyakov, Sergey V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cheng, Y. -H.; Thomay, Tim; Solomon, Glenn S.; Migdall, Alan L.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cheng, Y. -H.; Thomay, Tim; Solomon, Glenn S.; Migdall, Alan L.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Polyakov, SV (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM spoly@nist.gov FU NSF through Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX The authors thank Joffrey Peters for technical assistance with FPGAs. SVP thanks Sofia A. Kostyorkina for encouraging discussions. This work was supported in part by the NSF through Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 13 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 14 BP 18671 EP 18678 DI 10.1364/OE.23.018671 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA CR0SQ UT WOS:000361033900100 PM 26191926 ER PT J AU Garttner, M Syzranov, SV Rey, AM Gurarie, V Radzihovsky, L AF Gaerttner, M. Syzranov, S. V. Rey, A. M. Gurarie, V. Radzihovsky, L. TI Disorder-driven transition in a chain with power-law hopping SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; DEGENERATE SEMICONDUCTORS; RANGE INTERACTIONS; QUANTUM SIMULATOR; SYSTEM AB We study a one-dimensional (1D) system with a power-law quasiparticle dispersion alpha|k|(alpha) sgn k in the presence of a short-range-correlated random potential, and demonstrate that for alpha < 1/2 it exhibits a disorder-driven quantum phase transition with critical properties similar to those of the localization transition near the edge of the band of a semiconductor in high dimensions, as studied recently [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 166601 (2015); Phys. Rev. B 91, 035133 (2015)]. Despite the absence of localization in the considered 1D system, the disorder-driven transition manifests itself, for example, in a critical form of the disorder-averaged density of states. We confirm the existence of the transition by numerical simulations and find the critical exponents and the critical disorder strength as a function of a. The proposed system thus presents a convenient platform for numerical studies of the recently predicted unconventional high-dimensional localization effects and has the potential for experimental realizations in chains of ultracold atoms in optical traps. C1 [Gaerttner, M.; Rey, A. M.; Radzihovsky, L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gaerttner, M.; Syzranov, S. V.; Rey, A. M.; Gurarie, V.; Radzihovsky, L.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Syzranov, S. V.; Rey, A. M.; Gurarie, V.; Radzihovsky, L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Garttner, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship; NSF grants [DMR-1001240, DMR-1205303, PHY-1211914, PHY-1125844]; Simons Investigator award from the Simons Foundation; AFOSR; AFOSR-MURI; NIST; ARO FX Our work was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship (S.V.S.) and by the NSF grants DMR-1001240 (L.R. and S.V.S.), DMR-1205303(V.G. and S.V.S.), PHY-1211914 (V.G., A.M.R., and S.V.S.), and PHY-1125844 (S.V.S., M.G., A.M.R.). L.R. also acknowledges support by the Simons Investigator award from the Simons Foundation. A.M.R. also acknowledges support from AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI, NIST, and ARO individual investigator awards. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 13 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 4 AR 041406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.041406 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CM7FR UT WOS:000357856400004 ER PT J AU Wang, M Valdivia, P Yi, M Chen, JX Zhang, WL Ewings, RA Perring, TG Zhao, Y Harriger, LW Lynn, JW Bourret-Courchesne, E Dai, PC Lee, DH Yao, DX Birgeneau, RJ AF Wang, Meng Valdivia, P. Yi, Ming Chen, J. X. Zhang, W. L. Ewings, R. A. Perring, T. G. Zhao, Yang Harriger, L. W. Lynn, J. W. Bourret-Courchesne, E. Dai, Pengcheng Lee, D. H. Yao, D. X. Birgeneau, R. J. TI Spin waves and spatially anisotropic exchange interactions in the S=2 stripe antiferromagnet Rb0.8Fe1.5S2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETISM AB An inelastic neutron scattering study of the spin waves corresponding to the stripe antiferromagnetic order in insulating Rb0.8Fe1.5S2 throughout the Brillouin zone is reported. The spin wave spectra are well described by a Heisenberg Hamiltonian with anisotropic in-plane exchange interactions. Integrating the ordered moment and the spin fluctuations results in a total moment squared of 27.6 +/- 4.2 mu(2)(B)/Fe, consistent with S approximate to 2. Unlike XFe2As2 (X = Ca, Sr, and Ba), where the itinerant electrons have a significant contribution, our data suggest that this stripe antiferromagnetically ordered phase in Rb0.8Fe1.5S2 is a Mott-like insulator with fully localized 3d electrons and a high-spin ground state configuration. Nevertheless, the anisotropic exchange couplings appear to be universal in the stripe phase of Fe pnictides and chalcogenides. C1 [Wang, Meng; Valdivia, P.; Yi, Ming; Lee, D. H.; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, J. X.; Yao, D. X.] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhang, W. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Ewings, R. A.; Perring, T. G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, STFC, ISIS Pulsed Muon & Neutron Source, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Zhao, Yang; Harriger, L. W.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bourret-Courchesne, E.; Lee, D. H.; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dai, Pengcheng] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wangm@berkeley.edu RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; WANG, MENG/E-6595-2012 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; WANG, MENG/0000-0002-8232-2331 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Basic Energy Sciences U.S. DOE Grant [DE-AC03-76SF008]; U.S. DOE, BES [DE-SC0012311]; [NBRPC-2012CB821400]; [NSFC-11275279] FX We thank Qimiao Si, Yao Shen, and Jun Zhao for useful discussions. This work is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and the office of Basic Energy Sciences U.S. DOE Grant No. DE-AC03-76SF008. We also acknowledge support from NBRPC-2012CB821400 and NSFC-11275279. Work at Rice is supported by the U.S. DOE, BES under Contract No. DE-SC0012311 (P.D.). NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 13 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 4 AR 041109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.041109 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CM7FR UT WOS:000357856400001 ER PT J AU Misztal, PK Hewitt, CN Wildt, J Blande, JD Eller, ASD Fares, S Gentner, DR Gilman, JB Graus, M Greenberg, J Guenther, AB Hansel, A Harley, P Huang, M Jardine, K Karl, T Kaser, L Keutsch, FN Kiendler-Scharr, A Kleist, E Lerner, BM Li, T Mak, J Nolscher, AC Schnitzhofer, R Sinha, V Thornton, B Warneke, C Wegener, F Werner, C Williams, J Worton, DR Yassaa, N Goldstein, AH AF Misztal, P. K. Hewitt, C. N. Wildt, J. Blande, J. D. Eller, A. S. D. Fares, S. Gentner, D. R. Gilman, J. B. Graus, M. Greenberg, J. Guenther, A. B. Hansel, A. Harley, P. Huang, M. Jardine, K. Karl, T. Kaser, L. Keutsch, F. N. Kiendler-Scharr, A. Kleist, E. Lerner, B. M. Li, T. Mak, J. Noelscher, A. C. Schnitzhofer, R. Sinha, V. Thornton, B. Warneke, C. Wegener, F. Werner, C. Williams, J. Worton, D. R. Yassaa, N. Goldstein, A. H. TI Atmospheric benzenoid emissions from plants rival those from fossil fuels SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; COMPOUND EMISSIONS; ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; SHIKIMATE PATHWAY; SALICYLIC-ACID; VOC EMISSIONS; AEROSOL; TOLUENE; DIVERSITY AB Despite the known biochemical production of a range of aromatic compounds by plants and the presence of benzenoids in floral scents, the emissions of only a few benzenoid compounds have been reported from the biosphere to the atmosphere. Here, using evidence from measurements at aircraft, ecosystem, tree, branch and leaf scales, with complementary isotopic labeling experiments, we show that vegetation (leaves, flowers, and phytoplankton) emits a wide variety of benzenoid compounds to the atmosphere at substantial rates. Controlled environment experiments show that plants are able to alter their metabolism to produce and release many benzenoids under stress conditions. The functions of these compounds remain unclear but may be related to chemical communication and protection against stress. We estimate the total global secondary organic aerosol potential from biogenic benzenoids to be similar to that from anthropogenic benzenoids (similar to 10 Tg y(-1)), pointing to the importance of these natural emissions in atmospheric physics and chemistry. C1 [Misztal, P. K.; Fares, S.; Worton, D. R.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Misztal, P. K.; Guenther, A. B.; Harley, P.; Huang, M.; Kaser, L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Hewitt, C. N.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Wildt, J.; Kleist, E.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst IBG 2, Phytosphare, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Blande, J. D.; Li, T.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm Sci, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Eller, A. S. D.; Gilman, J. B.; Graus, M.; Lerner, B. M.; Warneke, C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Eller, A. S. D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fares, S.] Council Agr Res & Econ, Res Ctr Soil Plant Syst, Rome, Italy. [Gentner, D. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gentner, D. R.] Yale Univ, Chem & Environm Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Gilman, J. B.; Graus, M.; Warneke, C.] ESRL NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Guenther, A. B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Guenther, A. B.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hansel, A.; Kaser, L.; Schnitzhofer, R.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Harley, P.] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Dept Plant Physiol, Tartu, Estonia. [Jardine, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Karl, T.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Atmospher & Cryospher Sci, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Keutsch, F. N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kiendler-Scharr, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Troposphare, Inst IEK 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Mak, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Noelscher, A. C.; Williams, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Sinha, V.] Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res Mohali, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Mohali, India. [Thornton, B.] Univ No Colorado, Sch Biol Sci, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. [Wegener, F.; Werner, C.] Univ Bayreuth, AgroEcosyst Res, BAYCEER, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. [Worton, D. R.] Aerosol Dynam Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. [Yassaa, N.] Univ Sci & Technol Houari Boumediene, Fac Chem, Algiers, Algeria. [Yassaa, N.] CDER, Algiers, Algeria. RP Misztal, PK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pkm@berkeley.edu RI Sinha, Vinayak/C-2309-2009; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Fares, Silvano/H-4322-2011; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Jardine, Kolby/N-2802-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Werner, Christiane/B-2948-2009; Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid/E-8439-2011; Worton, David/A-8374-2012; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013 OI Misztal, Pawel K/0000-0003-1060-1750; Blande, James/0000-0001-6822-0649; Sinha, Vinayak/0000-0002-5508-0779; Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Fares, Silvano/0000-0002-1990-0928; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Jardine, Kolby/0000-0001-8491-9310; Werner, Christiane/0000-0002-7676-9057; Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid/0000-0003-3166-2253; Worton, David/0000-0002-6558-5586; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165 FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [L518-N20]; DOC-fFORTE-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Science; National Science Foundation FX We thank Gunner Schade (Texas A&M University, USA) and Neil Cape (Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, UK) for useful comments and discussions. The work at Manitou Forest was financially supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under the project number L518-N20. LK is a recipient of a DOC-fFORTE-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Science. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 51 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JUL 13 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 12064 DI 10.1038/srep12064 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CM7CQ UT WOS:000357848400001 PM 26165168 ER PT J AU Choi, JH Shlosman, I Begelman, MC AF Choi, Jun-Hwan Shlosman, Isaac Begelman, Mitchell C. TI Supermassive black hole formation at high redshifts via direct collapse in a cosmological context SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: numerical; galaxies: formation; galaxies: high-redshift; cosmology: theory; dark ages, reionization, first stars ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; DARK-MATTER HALOES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ATOMIC COOLING HALOES; STELLAR BAR EVOLUTION; STAR-FORMATION; 1ST STARS; VIRIAL TEMPERATURES; INITIAL CONDITIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS AB We study the early stage of the formation of seed supermassive black holes via direct collapse in dark matter (DM) haloes, in the cosmological context. We perform high-resolution zoom-in simulations of such collapse at high z. Using the adaptive mesh refinement code ENZO, we resolve the formation and growth of a DM halo, until its virial temperature reaches similar to 10(4) K, atomic cooling turns on, and collapse ensues. We demonstrate that direct collapse proceeds in two stages, although they are not well separated. The first stage is triggered by the onset of atomic cooling, and leads to rapidly increasing accretion rate with radius, from (M) over dot similar to 0.1 M-circle dot yr(-1) at the halo virial radius to few M-circle dot yr(-1), around the scale radius R-s similar to 30 pc of the NFW DM density profile. The second stage of the collapse commences when the gas density takes precedence over the DM density. This is associated with the gas decoupling from the DM gravitational potential. The ensuing collapse approximates that of an isothermal sphere with (M) over dot (r) similar to const. We confirm that the gas loses its angular momentum through non-axisymmetric perturbations and gravitational torques, to overcome the centrifugal barrier. During the course of the collapse, this angular momentum transfer process happens on nearly all spatial scales, and the angular momentum vector of the gas varies with position and time. Collapsing gas also exhibits supersonic turbulent motions which suppress gas fragmentation, and are characterized by density PDF consisting of a lognormal part and a high-density power-law tail. C1 [Choi, Jun-Hwan] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Shlosman, Isaac] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Shlosman, Isaac] Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Theoret Astrophys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Choi, JH (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM jhchoi@astro.as.utexas.edu; shlosman@pa.uky.edu; mitch@jila.corolado.edu FU NASA [ATP NNX11AE09G, NAS5-26555]; NSF [AST-1009799, AST-0807760, AST-0907872]; Caltech/JPL SURP through The University of Texas at Austin [1515294]; HST/STScI [AR-12639.01-A]; International Joint Research Promotion Program at Osaka University; NASA through STScI [AR-12639.01-A] FX We are grateful to Kentaro Nagamine, Long Do Cao and Yang Luo for many interesting and helpful discussions, and thank the ENZO and YT support team. All analysis has been conducted using YT [Turk et al. (2011), http://yt-project.org/]. JHC acknowledges support from NASA ATP NNX11AE09G, NSF AST-1009799, and Caltech/JPL SURP Project No. 1515294. through The University of Texas at Austin (P.I. Paul Shapiro). IS acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-0807760, from HST/STScI grant AR-12639.01-A, and from International Joint Research Promotion Program at Osaka University. MCB acknowledges support from the NSF under AST-0907872. Support for HST/STScI AR-12639.01-A was provided by NASA through a grant from the STScI, which is operated by the AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. NR 89 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 2015 VL 450 IS 4 BP 4411 EP 4423 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv694 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CQ7YY UT WOS:000360824000079 ER PT J AU Keisler, R Hoover, S Harrington, N Henning, JW Ade, PAR Aird, KA Austermann, JE Beall, JA Bender, AN Benson, BA Bleem, LE Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Chiang, HC Cho, HM Citron, R Crawford, TM Crites, AT de Haan, T Dobbs, MA Everett, W Gallicchio, J Gao, J George, EM Gilbert, A Halverson, NW Hanson, D Hilton, GC Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Hou, Z Hrubes, JD Huang, N Hubmayr, J Irwin, KD Knox, L Lee, AT Leitch, EM Li, D Luong-Van, D Marrone, DP McMahon, JJ Mehl, J Meyer, SS Mocanu, L Natoli, T Nibarger, JP Novosad, V Padin, S Pryke, C Reichardt, CL Ruhl, JE Saliwanchik, BR Sayre, JT Schaffer, KK Shirokoff, E Smecher, G Stark, AA Story, KT Tucker, C Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Wang, G Whitehorn, N Yefremenko, V Zahn, O AF Keisler, R. Hoover, S. Harrington, N. Henning, J. W. Ade, P. A. R. Aird, K. A. Austermann, J. E. Beall, J. A. Bender, A. N. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Chiang, H. C. Cho, H-M. Citron, R. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Everett, W. Gallicchio, J. Gao, J. George, E. M. Gilbert, A. Halverson, N. W. Hanson, D. Hilton, G. C. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hou, Z. Hrubes, J. D. Huang, N. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. D. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Li, D. Luong-Van, D. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mocanu, L. Natoli, T. Nibarger, J. P. Novosad, V. Padin, S. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Sayre, J. T. Schaffer, K. K. Shirokoff, E. Smecher, G. Stark, A. A. Story, K. T. Tucker, C. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Wang, G. Whitehorn, N. Yefremenko, V. Zahn, O. TI MEASUREMENTS OF SUB-DEGREE B-MODE POLARIZATION IN THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND FROM 100 SQUARE DEGREES OF SPTPOL DATA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; CMB POLARIZATION; POWER SPECTRUM; ANISOTROPIES; TEMPERATURE; COMPUTATION; PARAMETERS; PHYSICS; RADIO AB We present a measurement of the B-mode polarization power spectrum (the BB spectrum) from 100 deg(2) of sky observed with SPTpol, a polarization-sensitive receiver currently installed on the South Pole Telescope. The observations used in this work were taken during 2012 and early 2013 and include data in spectral bands centered at 95 and 150 GHz. We report the BB spectrum in five bins in multipole space, spanning the range 300 <= l <= 2300, and for three spectral combinations: 95 GHz x 95 GHz, 95 GHz x 150 GHz, and 150 GHz x 150 GHz. We subtract small (<0.5 sigma in units of statistical uncertainty) biases from these spectra and account for the uncertainty in those biases. The resulting power spectra are inconsistent with zero power but consistent with predictions for the BB spectrum arising from the gravitational lensing of E-mode polarization. If we assume no other source of BB power besides lensed B modes, we determine a preference for lensed B modes of 4.9 sigma. After marginalizing over tensor power and foregrounds, namely, polarized emission from galactic dust and extragalactic sources, this significance is 4.3 sigma. Fitting for a single parameter, A(lens), that multiplies the predicted lensed B-mode spectrum, and marginalizing over tensor power and foregrounds, we find A(lens) = 1.08 +/- 0.26, indicating that our measured spectra are consistent with the signal expected from gravitational lensing. The data presented here provide the best measurement to date of the B-mode power spectrum on these angular scales. C1 [Keisler, R.; Irwin, K. D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Keisler, R.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hoover, S.; Henning, J. W.; Bender, A. N.; Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Citron, R.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Gallicchio, J.; Hou, Z.; Leitch, E. M.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L.; Natoli, T.; Schaffer, K. K.; Shirokoff, E.; Story, K. T.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hoover, S.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Natoli, T.; Story, K. T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Harrington, N.; de Haan, T.; George, E. M.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Huang, N.; Lee, A. T.; Reichardt, C. L.; Whitehorn, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Henning, J. W.; Austermann, J. E.; Everett, W.; Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Aird, K. A.; Hrubes, J. D.; Luong-Van, D.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Austermann, J. E.; Beall, J. A.; Gao, J.; Hilton, G. C.; Hubmayr, J.; Li, D.; Nibarger, J. P.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bender, A. N.; Dobbs, M. A.; Gilbert, A.; Hanson, D.; Holder, G. P.; Smecher, G.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Bender, A. N.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Mehl, J.; Wang, G.; Yefremenko, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Leitch, E. M.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L.; Shirokoff, E.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Meyer, S. S.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Chiang, H. C.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Durban, South Africa. [Cho, H-M.; Li, D.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Crites, A. T.; Padin, S.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dobbs, M. A.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, CIFAR Program Cosmol & Grav, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knox, L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, A. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marrone, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ruhl, J. E.; Saliwanchik, B. R.; Sayre, J. T.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Educ & Res Cosmol & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Novosad, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Reichardt, C. L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Schaffer, K. K.] Sch Art Inst Chicago, Liberal Arts Dept, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Smecher, G.] Three Speed Log Inc, Vancouver, BC V6A 2J8, Canada. [Stark, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Vieira, J. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Vieira, J. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keisler, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM rkeisler@stanford.edu RI Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; OI Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918; CRAWFORD, THOMAS/0000-0001-9000-5013; Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996 FU National Science Foundation [PLR-1248097, AST-1402161]; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant GBMF [947]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Canada Research Chairs program; Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [De-AC02-07CH11359]; U.S. Department of Energy; NSF [AST-0956135]; UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne); Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The South Pole Telescope program is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant PLR-1248097. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant GBMF#947 to the University of Chicago. The McGill authors acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and Canada Research Chairs program. J.W.H. is supported by the National Science Foundation under Award No. AST-1402161. B.B. is supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The CU Boulder group acknowledges support from NSF AST-0956135. This work is also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. Work at Argonne National Lab is supported by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We also acknowledge support from the Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The data analysis pipeline uses the scientific python stack (Jones et al. 2001; Hunter 2007; van der Walt et al. 2011) and the HDF5 file format (The HDF Group 1997). NR 56 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2015 VL 807 IS 2 AR 151 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/151 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CO2EB UT WOS:000358967000037 ER PT J AU Tieri, DA Cooper, J Christensen, BTR Thomsen, JW Holland, MJ AF Tieri, D. A. Cooper, J. Christensen, Bjarke T. R. Thomsen, J. W. Holland, M. J. TI Laser stabilization using saturated absorption in a cavity-QED system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK; RESONANCE-FLUORESCENCE; BISTABILITY; FIELD AB We consider the phase stability of a local oscillator (or laser) locked to a cavity-QED system composed of atoms with an ultranarrow optical transition. The atoms are cooled to milli-Kelvin temperatures and then released into the optical cavity. Although the atomic motion introduces Doppler broadening, the standing-wave nature of the cavity causes saturated absorption features to appear, which are much narrower than the Doppler width. These features can be used to achieve an extremely high degree of phase stabilization, competitive with the current state of the art. Furthermore, the inhomogeneity introduced by finite atomic velocities can cause optical bistability to disappear, resulting in no regions of dynamic instability and thus enabling a new regime accessible to experiments where optimum stabilization may be achieved. C1 [Tieri, D. A.; Cooper, J.; Holland, M. J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tieri, D. A.; Cooper, J.; Holland, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Christensen, Bjarke T. R.; Thomsen, J. W.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Tieri, DA (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Thomsen, Jan W./M-9087-2016 OI Thomsen, Jan W./0000-0003-3423-6989 FU JILA [NSF-PFC-1125844]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Quantum-Assisted Sensing and Readout (QASR); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Danish Research Council (DRC); European Space Agency (ESA) [4000108303/13/NL/PA-NPI272-2012] FX The authors acknowledge valuable conversations with G. S. Agarwal. This work has been supported by JILA Grant No. NSF-PFC-1125844, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Quantum-Assisted Sensing and Readout (QASR), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), The Danish Research Council (DRC), and European Space Agency (ESA) Contract No. 4000108303/13/NL/PA-NPI272-2012. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 10 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 1 AR 013817 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.013817 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CM6NE UT WOS:000357804700011 ER PT J AU Sprague, MK Irikura, KK AF Sprague, Matthew K. Irikura, Karl K. TI Thermochemistry of HO2 + HO2 -> H2O4: Does HO2 Dimerization Affect Laboratory Studies? SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HYDROPEROXYL RADICAL DIMER; CONSISTENT BASIS-SETS; SELF-REACTION; GAS-PHASE; HYDROGEN POLYOXIDES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CORRELATION ENERGIES; LOW-PRESSURES; RATE-CONSTANT; WATER-VAPOR AB Self-reaction is an important sink for the hydroperoxy radical (HO2) in the atmosphere: It has been suggested (Denis, P. A.; Ornellas, F. R. J. Phys. Chem. A, 2009, 113 (2), 499-506) that the minor product hydrogen tetroxide (HO4H) may act as a reservoir of HO2. Here, we compute the thermochemistry of HO2 self-reactions to determine if either HO4H or the cyclic hydrogen-bound dimer (HO2)(2) can act as reservoirs. We computed electronic energies Using coupled-cluster calculations in the complete basis set limit, CCSD(T)/CBS[45]//CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ. Our model chemistry includes corrections for vibrational anharmonicity in the zero-point energy and vibrational partition functions, core-valence correlation, scalar relativistic effects, diagonal Born-Oppenheimer, spin orbit splitting, and higher-order corrections. We compute the Gibbs energy of dimerization to be (-20.1 +/- 1.6) kJ/mol at 298.15 K (2 sigma uncertainty), and (-32.3 +/- 1.5) kJ/mol at 220 K. For atmospherically relevant [HO2] = 10(8) molecules per cm(3), our thermochemistry indicates that dimerization will be negligible, and thus H2O4 species are atmospherically unimportant. Under conditions used in laboratory experiments ([HO2] > 10(12) molecules per cm(3), 220 K), H2O4 formation may be significant. We compute two absorption spectra that could be used for laboratory detection of HO4H: the OH stretch overtone (near-IR) and electronic (UV) spectra. C1 [Sprague, Matthew K.; Irikura, Karl K.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sprague, MK (reprint author), St Norbert Coll, Dept Chem, Routing 07-3A,100 Grant St, De Pere, WI 54115 USA. EM matthew.sprague@snc.edu; karl.irikura@nist.gov FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This research was performed while M.K.S. held and was funded by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We thank Dave Long and Yamil Simon (NIST) for helpful comments and discussions. NR 94 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 9 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 27 BP 7052 EP 7062 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04265 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CM8PF UT WOS:000357963400011 PM 26066551 ER PT J AU Resing, JA Sedwick, PN German, CR Jenkins, WJ Moffett, JW Sohst, BM Tagliabue, A AF Resing, Joseph A. Sedwick, Peter N. German, Christopher R. Jenkins, William J. Moffett, James W. Sohst, Bettina M. Tagliabue, Alessandro TI Basin-scale transport of hydrothermal dissolved metals across the South Pacific Ocean SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID FLOW-INJECTION-ANALYSIS; IN-LINE PRECONCENTRATION; INDIAN-OCEAN; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; ARABIAN SEA; IRON; RISE; SEAWATER; PLUMES; DEEP AB Hydrothermal venting along mid-ocean ridges exerts an important control on the chemical composition of sea water by serving as a major source or sink for a number of trace elements in the ocean(1-3). Of these, iron has received considerable attention because of its role as an essential and often limiting nutrient for primary production in regions of the ocean that are of critical importance for the global carbon cycle(4). It has been thought that most of the dissolved iron discharged by hydrothermal vents is lost from solution close to ridge-axis sources(2,5) and is thus of limited importance for ocean biogeochemistry(6). This long-standing view is challenged by recent studies which suggest that stabilization of hydrothermal dissolved iron may facilitate its longrange oceanic transport(7-10). Such transport has been subsequently inferred from spatially limited oceanographic observations(11-13). Here we report data from the US GEOTRACES Eastern Pacific Zonal Transect (EPZT) that demonstrate lateral transport of hydrothermal dissolved iron, manganese, and aluminium from the southern East Pacific Rise (SEPR) several thousand kilometres westward across the South Pacific Ocean. Dissolved iron exhibits nearly conservative (that is, no loss from solution during transport and mixing) behaviour in this hydrothermal plume, implying a greater longevity in the deep ocean than previously assumed(6,14). Based on our observations, we estimate a global hydrothermal dissolved iron input of three to four gigamoles per year to the ocean interior, which is more than fourfold higher than previous estimates(7,11,14). Complementary simulations with a global-scale ocean biogeochemical model suggest that the observed transport of hydrothermal dissolved iron requires some means of physicochemical stabilization and indicate that hydrothermally derived iron sustains a large fraction of Southern Ocean export production. C1 [Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Resing, Joseph A.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sedwick, Peter N.; Sohst, Bettina M.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [German, Christopher R.; Jenkins, William J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Moffett, James W.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Tagliabue, Alessandro] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Dept Earth Ocean & Ecol Sci, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England. RP Resing, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM resing@uw.edu; a.tagliabue@liverpool.ac.uk OI Tagliabue, Alessandro/0000-0002-3572-3634 FU US National Science Foundation [OCE-1237011, OCE-1237034, OCE-1232991, OCE-1130870, OCE-1131731, OCE-1260273]; N8 consortium; EPSRC [EP/K000225/1]; Humboldt Research Award; JISAO by the PMEL-Earth Oceans Interactions programme FX We thank the captain and crew of the RV Thomas G. Thompson (TGT cruise 303) for their support during the 57-day mission. Samples were collected on board ship by C. Parker and C. Zurbrick, from the US GEOTRACES sampling system maintained and operated by G. Cutter. We thank the many people who have devoted time and effort to the international GEOTRACES programme. This work was funded by US National Science Foundation awards OCE-1237011 to J.A.R., OCE-1237034 to P.N.S., OCE-1232991 to W.J.J., OCE-1130870 to C.R.G., and OCE-1131731 and OCE-1260273 to J.W.M. Model simulations made use of the N8 HPC facilities, funded by the N8 consortium and EPSRC grant EP/K000225/1. C.R.G. also acknowledges support from a Humboldt Research Award. J.A.R. was funded in part through JISAO by the PMEL-Earth Oceans Interactions programme. This is JISAO publication number 2388 and PMEL publication number 4255. NR 51 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 18 U2 97 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 9 PY 2015 VL 523 IS 7559 BP 200 EP U140 DI 10.1038/nature14577 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CM4ZO UT WOS:000357695900032 PM 26156374 ER PT J AU Huang, K Le Jeannic, H Ruaudel, J Verma, VB Shaw, MD Marsili, F Nam, SW Wu, E Zeng, H Jeong, YC Filip, R Morin, O Laurat, J AF Huang, K. Le Jeannic, H. Ruaudel, J. Verma, V. B. Shaw, M. D. Marsili, F. Nam, S. W. Wu, E. Zeng, H. Jeong, Y. -C. Filip, R. Morin, O. Laurat, J. TI Optical Synthesis of Large-Amplitude Squeezed Coherent-State Superpositions with Minimal Resources SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM TELEPORTATION; HYBRID ENTANGLEMENT; GENERATION; PHOTONS AB We propose and experimentally realize a novel versatile protocol that allows the quantum state engineering of heralded optical coherent-state superpositions. This scheme relies on a two-mode squeezed state, linear mixing, and a n-photon detection. It is optimally using expensive non-Gaussian resources to build up only the key non-Gaussian part of the targeted state. In the experimental case of a two-photon detection based on high-efficiency superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, the freely propagating state exhibits a 67% fidelity with a squeezed even coherent-state superposition with a size vertical bar alpha vertical bar(2) = 3. The demonstrated procedure and the achieved rate will facilitate the use of such superpositions in subsequent protocols, including fundamental tests and optical hybrid quantum information implementations. C1 [Huang, K.; Le Jeannic, H.; Ruaudel, J.; Jeong, Y. -C.; Morin, O.; Laurat, J.] UPMC, Univ Paris 04, ENS PSL Res Univ, Coll France,CNRS,Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France. [Huang, K.; Wu, E.; Zeng, H.] E China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Verma, V. B.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shaw, M. D.; Marsili, F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Filip, R.] Palacky Univ, Dept Opt, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. RP Huang, K (reprint author), UPMC, Univ Paris 04, ENS PSL Res Univ, Coll France,CNRS,Lab Kastler Brossel, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. EM julien.laurat@upmc.fr RI LAURAT, Julien /A-8542-2011; MORIN, Olivier/A-1075-2017 OI LAURAT, Julien /0000-0001-8318-6514; FU ERA-Net CHIST-ERA (QScale); European Research Council (Starting Grant HybridNet); Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China [PY2012004]; China Scholarship Council; DARPA Information in a Photon (InPho) program; QUINESS program; Czech Science Foundation [GA14-36681G] FX This work was supported by the ERA-Net CHIST-ERA (QScale) and the European Research Council (Starting Grant HybridNet). Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. V. B. V. and S. W. N. acknowledge partial funding for detector development from the DARPA Information in a Photon (InPho) and QUINESS programs. K. H. was supported by the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (No. PY2012004) and the China Scholarship Council, and R. F. by Grant No. GA14-36681G of the Czech Science Foundation. The authors also acknowledge the technical assistance provided by B. Huard's Quantum Electronics group at LPA, Paris. J. L. is a member of the Institut Universitaire de France. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 2 AR 023602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.023602 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CM4HS UT WOS:000357646000001 PM 26207468 ER PT J AU Costa, B Kendall, MS Parrish, FA Rooney, J Boland, RC Chow, M Lecky, J Montgomery, A Spalding, H AF Costa, Bryan Kendall, Matthew S. Parrish, Frank A. Rooney, John Boland, Raymond C. Chow, Malia Lecky, Joey Montgomery, Anthony Spalding, Heather TI Identifying Suitable Locations for Mesophotic Hard Corals Offshore of Maui, Hawai'i SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; HABITAT MODELS; REEF ACCRETION; AUAU CHANNEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; ECOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION AB Mesophotic hard corals (MHC) are increasingly threatened by a growing number of anthropogenic stressors, including impacts from fishing, land-based sources of pollution, and ocean acidification. However, little is known about their geographic distributions (particularly around the Pacific islands) because it is logistically challenging and expensive to gather data in the 30 to 150 meter depth range where these organisms typically live. The goal of this study was to begin to fill this knowledge gap by modelling and predicting the spatial distribution of three genera of mesophotic hard corals offshore of Maui in the Main Hawaiian Islands. Maximum Entropy modeling software was used to create separate maps of predicted probability of occurrence and uncertainty for: (1) Leptoseris, (2) Montipora, and (3) Porites. Genera prevalence was derived from the in situ presence/absence data, and used to convert relative habitat suitability to probability of occurrence values. Approximately 1,300 georeferenced records of the occurrence of MHC, and 34 environmental predictors were used to train the model ensembles. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Area Under the Curve (AUC) values were between 0.89 and 0.97, indicating excellent overall model performance. Mean uncertainty and mean absolute error for the spatial predictions ranged from 0.006% to 0.05% and 3.73% to 17.6%, respectively. Depth, distance from shore, euphotic depth (mean and standard deviation) and sea surface temperature (mean and standard deviation) were identified as the six most influential predictor variables for partitioning habitats among the three genera. MHC were concentrated between Hanaka' o' o and Papawai Points offshore of western Maui most likely because this area hosts warmer, clearer and calmer water conditions almost year round. While these predictions helped to fill some knowledge gaps offshore of Maui, many information gaps remain in the Hawaiian Archipelago and Pacific Islands. This approach may be used to identify other potentially suitable areas for MHCs, helping scientists and resource managers prioritize sites, and focus their limited resources on areas that may be of higher scientific or conservation value. C1 [Costa, Bryan; Kendall, Matthew S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Costa, Bryan] CSS Dynamac, Fairfax, VA USA. [Parrish, Frank A.; Rooney, John; Boland, Raymond C.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Chow, Malia; Lecky, Joey] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Honolulu, HI USA. [Montgomery, Anthony] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Islands Fish & Wildlife Off, Honolulu, HI USA. [Spalding, Heather] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Costa, B (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM bryan.costa@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS) Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary (HIHWNMS); NOAA's Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO); NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) [NA07NOS4780188, NA07NOS4780187, NA07NOS478190, NA07NOS4780189]; NOAA Undersea Research Program's Hawai'i Undersea Research Laboratory [NA05OAR4301108] FX Funding for this spatial modeling effort was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS) Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary (HIHWNMS). This modeling effort was made possible because of research funded by the NOAA's Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO) and NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) under award NA07NOS4780188 to the Bishop Museum, NA07NOS4780187 and NA07NOS478190 to the University of Hawai'i, NA07NOS4780189 to the State of Hawai'i's Division of Aquatic Resources and to the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC). Submersible support was provided by the NOAA Undersea Research Program's Hawai'i Undersea Research Laboratory under award NA05OAR4301108. NR 76 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 8 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0130285 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0130285 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN1EJ UT WOS:000358159700028 PM 26153883 ER PT J AU Davis, EM Kim, J Oleshko, VP Page, KA Soles, CL AF Davis, Eric M. Kim, Jenny Oleshko, Vladimir P. Page, Kirt A. Soles, Christopher L. TI Uncovering the Structure of Nafion-SiO2 Hybrid Ionomer Membranes for Prospective Large-Scale Energy Storage Devices SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE nafion; nanocomposites; redox flow battery; small-angle neutron scattering ID REDOX FLOW BATTERY; PERFLUOROSULFONIC ACID IONOMER; SILICON-OXIDE PHASE; SOL-GEL REACTION; ANGLE X-RAY; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; COMPOSITE MEMBRANE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; THIN-FILMS; FUEL-CELL AB Nafion nanocomposite membranes are attractive candidates for the ion conducting phase in energy storage devices such as vanadium redox flow batteries. Herein, vanadium crossover and Nafion-SiO2 nanostructure are quantified in a series of hybrid membranes created via solution-casting Nafion films with discrete SiO2 nanoparticles, as well as membranes created using an in situ silica sol-gel condensation process. The crossover of vanadium ions is suppressed in all Nafion membranes with the SiO2 inorganic phase when compared to unannealed, neat Nafion membranes. However, it is also observed that annealing the neat Nafion membranes is equally as effective at suppressing vanadium crossover. Small-angle neutron scattering measurements show that no significant changes to the Nafion structure occurred in membranes with discrete nanoparticles. In contrast, drastic changes in the scattering profiles of the Nafion-SiO2 membranes created via sol-gel chemistry are observed, where the SiO2 nanoclusters are determined to be on the order of 10 nm in diameter. These scattering length scales are verified through real space images using transmission electron microscopy. Insights from this investigation help elucidate the structure of the Nafion-SiO2 membranes and suggest that the current hypothesis by how vanadium crossover is reduced may not be fully accurate. C1 [Davis, Eric M.; Kim, Jenny; Oleshko, Vladimir P.; Page, Kirt A.; Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Davis, EM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM eric.davis@nist.gov; christopher.soles@nist.gov FU National Research Council (NRC) FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Ronald Jones and nSoft (www.nist.gov/nsoft) for the use of their beam line and Dr. Jeffrey Fagen for his assistance with UV-vis training. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Joseph Dura for his insightful and fruitful discussions regarding the SANS data on the Nafion hybrid membranes, as well as the National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Program (RAP) for their financial support for this work. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 12 U2 63 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUL 8 PY 2015 VL 25 IS 26 BP 4064 EP 4075 DI 10.1002/adfm.201501116 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CM6QC UT WOS:000357812500010 ER PT J AU Wall, ML Hazzard, KRA Rey, AM AF Wall, Michael L. Hazzard, Kaden R. A. Rey, Ana Maria TI Effective many-body parameters for atoms in nonseparable Gaussian optical potentials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE VARIABLE REPRESENTATION; KRYLOV SUBSPACE APPROXIMATIONS; MATRIX EXPONENTIAL OPERATOR; ULTRACOLD QUANTUM GASES; WANNIER FUNCTIONS; LATTICE CLOCK AB We analyze the properties of particles trapped in three-dimensional potentials formed from superimposed Gaussian beams, fully taking into account effects of potential anharmonicity and nonseparability. Although these effects are negligible in more conventional optical lattice experiments, they are essential for emerging ultracold-atom developments. We focus in particular on two potentials utilized in current ultracold-atom experiments: arrays of tightly focused optical tweezers and a one-dimensional optical lattice with transverse Gaussian confinement and highly excited transverse modes. Our main numerical tools are discrete variable representations (DVRs), which combine many favorable features of spectral and grid-based methods, such as the computational advantage of exponential convergence and the convenience of an analytical representation of Hamiltonian matrix elements. Optimizations, such as symmetry adaptations and variational methods built on top of DVR methods, are presented and their convergence properties discussed. We also present a quantitative analysis of the degree of nonseparability of eigenstates, borrowing ideas from the theory of matrix product states, leading to both conceptual and computational gains. Beyond developing numerical methodologies, we present results for construction of optimally localized Wannier functions and tunneling and interaction matrix elements in optical lattices and tweezers relevant for constructing effective models for many-body physics. C1 [Wall, Michael L.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.] Rice Univ, Rice Ctr Quantum Mat, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Wall, ML (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mwall.physics@gmail.com FU ARO; AFOSR; AFOSR-MURI; NRC postdoctoral fellowship program; [JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844]; [NSF-PIF-1211914] FX We would like to acknowledge useful discussions with M. Foss-Feig, A. Kaufman, B. Lester, C. Regal, and X. Zhang. This work was supported by JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844, NSF-PIF-1211914, ARO, AFOSR, and AFOSR-MURI. M.L.W. acknowledges financial support from the NRC postdoctoral fellowship program. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 8 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 1 AR 013610 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.013610 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CM4DI UT WOS:000357634000007 ER PT J AU Yacovitch, TI Herndon, SC Petron, G Kofler, J Lyon, D Zahniser, MS Kolb, CE AF Yacovitch, Tara I. Herndon, Scott C. Petron, Gabrielle Kofler, Jonathan Lyon, David Zahniser, Mark S. Kolb, Charles E. TI Mobile Laboratory Observations of Methane Emissions in the Barnett Shale Region SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAS; URBAN; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Results of mobile ground-based atmospheric measurements conducted during the Barnett Shale Coordinated Campaign in spring and fall of 2013 are presented. Methane and ethane are continuously measured downwind of facilities such as natural gas processing plants, compressor stations, and production well pads. Gaussian dispersion simulations of these methane plumes, using an iterative forward plume dispersion algorithm, are used to estimate both the source location and the emission magnitude. The distribution of emitters is peaked in the 0-5 kg/h range, with a significant tail. The ethane/methane molar enhancement ratio for this same distribution is investigated, showing a peak at similar to 1.5% and a broad distribution between similar to 4% and similar to 17%. The regional distributions of source emissions and ethane/methane enhancement ratios are examined: the largest methane emissions appear between Fort Worth and Dallas, while the highest ethane/methane enhancement ratios occur for plumes observed in the northwestern potion of the region. Individual facilities, focusing on large emitters, are further analyzed by constraining the source location. C1 [Yacovitch, Tara I.; Herndon, Scott C.; Zahniser, Mark S.; Kolb, Charles E.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Petron, Gabrielle; Kofler, Jonathan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Petron, Gabrielle; Kofler, Jonathan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lyon, David] Environm Def Fund, Austin, TX 78701 USA. RP Yacovitch, TI (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM tyacovitch@aerodyne.com FU Environmental Defense Fund's Methane Study; Shell Global Solutions [4550081333] FX This work was supported by the Environmental Defense Fund's Methane Study. We acknowledge the support of Shell Global Solutions, Project 4550081333, in the generation of the dataset used in dispersion model development and uncertainty analysis. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 7 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 13 BP 7889 EP 7895 DI 10.1021/es506352j PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM6ZN UT WOS:000357840300048 PM 25751617 ER PT J AU Lavoie, TN Shepson, PB Cambaliza, MOL Stirm, BH Karion, A Sweeney, C Yacovitch, TI Herndon, SC Lan, X Lyon, D AF Lavoie, Tegan N. Shepson, Paul B. Cambaliza, Maria O. L. Stirm, Brian H. Karion, Anna Sweeney, Colm Yacovitch, Tara I. Herndon, Scott C. Lan, Xin Lyon, David TI Aircraft-Based Measurements of Point Source Methane Emissions in the Barnett Shale Basin SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFT-INDUCED UPWASH; TRACER METHODS; UNITED-STATES; GAS; FACILITIES; TURBULENCE; SYSTEM; FLUX AB We report measurements of methane (CH4) emission rates observed at eight different high-emitting point sources in the Barnett Shale, Texas, using aircraft-based methods performed as part of the Barnett Coordinated Campaign. We quantified CH4 emission rates from four gas processing plants, one compressor station, and three landfills during five flights conducted in October 2013. Results are compared to other aircraft- and surface-based measurements of the same facilities, and to estimates based on a national study of gathering and processing facilities emissions and 2013 annual average emissions reported to the U.S. EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP). For the eight sources, CH4 emission measurements from the aircraft-based mass balance approach were a factor of 3.2-5.8 greater than the GHGRP-based estimates. Summed emissions totaled 7022 +/- 2000 kg hr(-1), roughly 9% of the entire basin-wide CH4 emissions estimated from regional mass balance flights during the campaign. Emission measurements from five natural gas management facilities were 1.2-4.6 times larger than emissions based on the national study. Results from this study were used to represent "super-emitters" in a newly formulated Barnett Shale Inventory, demonstrating the importance of targeted sampling of "super-emitters" that may be missed by random sampling of a subset of the total. C1 [Lavoie, Tegan N.; Shepson, Paul B.; Cambaliza, Maria O. L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Stirm, Brian H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Aviat Technol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm] CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yacovitch, Tara I.; Herndon, Scott C.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Lan, Xin] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Lyon, David] Environm Def Fund, Austin, TX 78701 USA. RP Lavoie, TN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tlavoie@purdue.edu FU Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) FX This work was funded by the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). We thank Robert Harriss and Ramon Alvarez (EDF) and Eric A. Kort (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) for their advice. We also thank and acknowledge the contributions of Sander Geophysics Ltd. Ottawa and the authors of Reference #29 in collecting and analyzing the aircraft-based survey approach (ASA) data set and for allowing its inclusion in this manuscript. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 7 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 13 BP 7904 EP 7913 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b00410 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM6ZN UT WOS:000357840300050 PM 26148549 ER PT J AU Karion, A Sweeney, C Kort, EA Shepson, PB Brewer, A Cambaliza, M Conley, SA Davis, K Deng, AJ Hardesty, M Herndon, SC Lauvaux, T Lavoie, T Lyon, D Newberger, T Petron, G Rella, C Smith, M Wolter, S Yacovitch, TI Tans, P AF Karion, Anna Sweeney, Colm Kort, Eric A. Shepson, Paul B. Brewer, Alan Cambaliza, Maria Conley, Stephen A. Davis, Ken Deng, Aijun Hardesty, Mike Herndon, Scott C. Lauvaux, Thomas Lavoie, Tegan Lyon, David Newberger, Tim Petron, Gabrielle Rella, Chris Smith, Mackenzie Wolter, Sonja Yacovitch, Tara I. Tans, Pieter TI Aircraft-Based Estimate of Total Methane Emissions from the Barnett Shale Region SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; NATURAL-GAS INFRASTRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; PIPELINE LEAKS; OPERATIONS; FOOTPRINT; ETHANE; BOSTON; BASIN AB We present estimates of regional methane (CH4) emissions from oil and natural gas operations in the Barnett Shale, Texas, using airborne atmospheric measurements. Using a mass balance approach on eight different flight days in March and October 2013, the total CH4 emissions for the region are estimated to be 76 +/- 13 x 10(3) kg hr(-1) (equivalent to 0.66 +/- 0.11 Tg CH4 yr(-1); 95% confidence interval (CI)). We estimate that 60 +/- 11 X 10(3) kg CH4 hr(-1) (95% CI) are emitted by natural gas and oil operations, including production, processing, and distribution in the urban areas of Dallas and Fort Worth. This estimate agrees with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimate for nationwide CH4 emissions from the natural gas sector when scaled by natural gas production, but it is higher than emissions reported by the EDGAR inventory or by industry to EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. This study is the first to show consistency between mass balance results on so many different days and in two different seasons, enabling better quantification of the related uncertainty. The Barnett is one of the largest production basins in the United States, with 8% of total U.S. natural gas production, and thus, our results represent a crucial step toward determining the greenhouse gas footprint of U.S. onshore natural gas production. C1 [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Hardesty, Mike; Newberger, Tim; Petron, Gabrielle; Wolter, Sonja] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Brewer, Alan; Hardesty, Mike; Newberger, Tim; Petron, Gabrielle; Wolter, Sonja; Tans, Pieter] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kort, Eric A.; Smith, Mackenzie] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Shepson, Paul B.; Cambaliza, Maria; Lavoie, Tegan] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Conley, Stephen A.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Davis, Ken; Deng, Aijun; Lauvaux, Thomas] Carbon Now Cast LLC, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. [Herndon, Scott C.; Yacovitch, Tara I.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Lyon, David] Environm Def Fund, Austin, TX 78701 USA. [Rella, Chris] Picarro Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. RP Karion, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Anna.Karion@noaa.gov RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; FU Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) [0146-101000]; National Science Foundation [CBET-1240584] FX This work was sponsored by the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) under project code 0146-101000. We thank Robert Harriss and Ramon Alvarez (EDF) for campaign organization and assistance with the manuscript, and the National Weather Service for daily flight forecasts. We thank Jack Higgs, Eric Moglia, Jonathan Kofler, Patricia Lang, Ed Dlugokencky, Duane Kitzis, and Molly Crotwell (NOAA/ESRL/GMD) for their assistance with equipment and calibrations, and Brian Gaudet (Penn State) for assistance with WRF model evaluation. We thank the AirWaterGas Sustainability Research Network, funded by the National Science Foundation, under Grant No. CBET-1240584, for providing one of the CRDS analyzers used in the study. We also thank all the members of the EDF Barnett Coordinated Campaign science team for their assistance in the field and valuable workshop discussions. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 12 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 7 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 13 BP 8124 EP 8131 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b00217 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM6ZN UT WOS:000357840300075 PM 26148550 ER PT J AU Smith, ML Kort, EA Karion, A Sweeney, C Herndon, SC Yacovitch, TI AF Smith, Mackenzie L. Kort, Eric A. Karion, Anna Sweeney, Colm Herndon, Scott C. Yacovitch, Tara I. TI Airborne Ethane Observations in the Barnett Shale: Quantification of Ethane Flux and Attribution of Methane Emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR AB We present high tune resolution airborne ethane (C2H6) and methane (CH4) measurements made in March and October 2013 as part of the Barnett Coordinated Campaign Over the Barnett Shale formation in Texas. Ethane fluxes are quantified using a downwind flight strategy, a first demonstration of this approach for C2H6. Additionally, ethane-to-methane emissions ratios (C2H6:CH4) of point sources were observationally determined from simultaneous airborne C2H6 and CH4 measurements during a survey flight over the source region. Distinct C2H6:CH4 X 100% molar ratios of 0.0%, 1.8%, and 9.6%, indicative of microbial, low-C2H6 fossil, and high-C2H6 fossil sources, respectively, emerged in observations over the emissions source region of the Barnett Shale. Ethane-to-methane correlations were used in conjunction with C2H6 and CH4 fluxes to quantify the fraction of CH4 emissions derived from fossil and microbial sources. On the basis of two analyses, we find 71-85% of the observed methane emissions quantified in the Barnett Shale are derived from fossil sources. The average ethane flux observed from the studied region of the Barnett Shale was 6.6 +/- 0.2 x 10(3) kg hr(-1) and consistent across six days in spring and fall of 2013. C1 [Smith, Mackenzie L.; Kort, Eric A.] Univ Michigan, Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Herndon, Scott C.; Yacovitch, Tara I.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Kort, EA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM eakort@umich.edu RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541 FU Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) as part of the Barnett Coordinated Campaign; NASA [NNX14AI87G]; NOAA [NA14OAR0110139]; W. M. Keck Institute for Space Studies FX This work was supported by in part by the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) as part of the Barnett Coordinated Campaign, NASA [NNX14AI87G], NOAA [NA14OAR0110139], and the W. M. Keck Institute for Space Studies. We thank J. Marero for measurement and assignment on the Irvine scale25,28 of C2H6 in the compressed air tank (BEth). We thank Stephen Conley (UC Davis), Sonja Wolter (NOAA/CIRES), and Tim Newberger (NOAA/CIRES) for assistance collecting data during the campaign, Ramon Alverez (EDF) for useful comments on the manuscript, and David Lyon (EDF) for providing the well location and production data. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 7 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 13 BP 8158 EP 8166 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b00219 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM6ZN UT WOS:000357840300079 PM 26148554 ER PT J AU Wood, BD Dyer, JS Thurgood, VA Tomlin, NA Lehman, JH Shen, TC AF Wood, B. D. Dyer, J. S. Thurgood, V. A. Tomlin, N. A. Lehman, J. H. Shen, T. -C. TI Optical reflection and absorption of carbon nanotube forest films on substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ARRAYS AB The correlation between the height and density of multi-walled carbon nanotube forests and their optical properties in the mid-infrared region was investigated using nanotube forests grown on Al/Si, Al/Nb/Si, and fused silica substrates. Measurements of the hemispherical reflectance and transmittance of carbon nanotube forests are presented. Analyses by an effective medium approximation and a circular waveguide model are compared. It is found that circular waveguides with graphite walls of reduced conductivity can generate similar spectra of the absorption coefficients as carbon nanotube forests do. Parameters from the waveguide model can describe qualitatively the density and alignment of carbon nanotubes in the forest. With a proper density, a randomly modulated forest of less than 20 lm in height can generate a hemispherical reflectance of less than 0.002 in the mid-infrared region. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Wood, B. D.; Shen, T. -C.] Utah State Univ, Dept Phys, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Dyer, J. S.; Thurgood, V. A.] Space Dynam Lab, North Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Tomlin, N. A.; Lehman, J. H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shen, TC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Phys, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tc.shen@usu.edu OI Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045 FU Utah NASA EPSCoR Research Student Support Opportunity; Space Dynamics Laboratory FX The authors appreciate helpful discussions with D. Mark Riffe and the microscope time at the Microscopy Core Facility at Utah State University. This work was partially supported by Space Dynamics Laboratory. B.D.W. acknowledges the support from Utah NASA EPSCoR Research Student Support Opportunity. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 7 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 1 AR 013106 DI 10.1063/1.4923390 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CM7LC UT WOS:000357873100006 ER PT J AU Ashkar, R Nagao, M Butler, PD Woodka, AC Sen, MK Koga, T AF Ashkar, Rana Nagao, Michihiro Butler, Paul D. Woodka, Andrea C. Sen, Mani K. Koga, Tadanori TI Tuning Membrane Thickness Fluctuations in Model Lipid Bilayers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PROTEIN FUNCTION; CHAIN-LENGTH; MONTE-CARLO; DYNAMICS; PHASE; RAFTS; FLUID; UNDULATIONS; SIMULATIONS AB Membrane thickness fluctuations have been associated with a variety of critical membrane phenomena, such as cellular exchange, pore formation, and protein binding, which are intimately related to cell functionality and effective pharmaceuticals. Therefore, understanding how these fluctuations are controlled can remarkably impact medical applications involving selective macromolecule binding and efficient cellular drug intake. Interestingly, previous reports on single-component bilayers show almost identical thickness fluctuation patterns for all investigated lipid tail-lengths, with similar temperature-independent membrane thickness fluctuation amplitude in the fluid phase and a rapid suppression of fluctuations upon transition to the gel phase. Presumably, in vivo functions require a tunability of these parameters, suggesting that more complex model systems are necessary. In this study, we explore lipid tail-length mismatch as a regulator for membrane fluctuations. Unilamellar vesicles of an equimolar mixture of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and distearoylphosphatidylcholine molecules, with different tail-lengths and melting transition temperatures, are used as a model system for this next level of complexity. Indeed, this binary system exhibits a significant response of membrane dynamics to thermal variations. The system also suggests a decoupling of the amplitude and the relaxation time of the membrane thickness fluctuations, implying a potential for independent control of these two key parameters. C1 [Ashkar, Rana; Nagao, Michihiro; Butler, Paul D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ashkar, Rana] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN USA. [Butler, Paul D.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE USA. [Woodka, Andrea C.] US Mil Acad, Dept Chem & Life Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Sen, Mani K.; Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Nagao, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mnagao@indiana.edu RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; OI Ashkar, Rana/0000-0003-4075-2330 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB10H255]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX M.N. acknowledges funding support of cooperative agreement No. 70NANB10H255 from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors acknowledge the use of the NIST Center for Neutron Research facilities, which are supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0944772. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 35 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUL 7 PY 2015 VL 109 IS 1 BP 106 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.05.033 PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA CM4QV UT WOS:000357670700013 PM 26153707 ER PT J AU Olson, ND Lund, SP Colman, RE Foster, JT Sahl, JW Schupp, JM Keim, P Morrow, JB Salit, ML Zook, JM AF Olson, Nathan D. Lund, Steven P. Colman, Rebecca E. Foster, Jeffrey T. Sahl, Jason W. Schupp, James M. Keim, Paul Morrow, Jayne B. Salit, Marc L. Zook, Justin M. TI Best practices for evaluating single nucleotide variant calling methods for microbial genomics SO FRONTIERS IN GENETICS LA English DT Review AB Innovations in sequencing technologies have allowed biologists to make incredible advances in understanding biological systems. As experience grows, researchers increasingly recognize that analyzing the wealth of data provided by these new sequencing platforms requires careful attention to detail for robust results. Thus far, much of the scientific Communit's focus for use in bacterial genomics has been on evaluating genome assembly algorithms and rigorously validating assembly program performance. Missing, however, is a focus on critical evaluation of variant callers for these genomes. Variant calling is essential for comparative genomics as it yields insights into nucleotide-level organismal differences. Variant calling is a multistep process with a host of potential error sources that may lead to incorrect variant calls. Identifying and resolving these incorrect calls is critical for bacterial genomics to advance. The goal of this review is to provide guidance on validating algorithms and pipelines used in variant calling for bacterial genomics. First, we will provide an overview of the variant calling procedures and the potential sources of error associated with the methods. We will then identify appropriate datasets for use in evaluating algorithms and describe statistical methods for evaluating algorithm performance. As variant calling moves from basic research to the applied setting, standardized methods for performance evaluation and reporting are required; it is our hope that this review provides the groundwork for the development of these standards. C1 [Olson, Nathan D.; Salit, Marc L.; Zook, Justin M.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lund, Steven P.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Colman, Rebecca E.; Sahl, Jason W.; Schupp, James M.; Keim, Paul] Translat Gen Res Inst, Div Pathogen Gen, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Foster, Jeffrey T.; Sahl, Jason W.; Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Gen, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Salit, Marc L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Bioengn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Olson, ND (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nolson@nist.gov OI Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564 NR 92 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 8 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-8021 J9 FRONT GENET JI Front. Genet. PD JUL 7 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 235 DI 10.3389/fgene.2015.00235 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA CP1QV UT WOS:000359651200001 PM 26217378 ER PT J AU Skoryunov, RV Babanova, OA Soloninin, AV Skripov, AV Verdal, N Udovic, TJ AF Skoryunov, R. V. Babanova, O. A. Soloninin, A. V. Skripov, A. V. Verdal, N. Udovic, T. J. TI Effects of partial halide anion substitution on reorientational motion in NaBH4: A nuclear magnetic resonance study SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Energy storage materials; Diffusion; Nuclear resonances ID BOROHYDRIDES MBH4 M; CHLORIDE-SUBSTITUTION; SODIUM-BOROHYDRIDE; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; NMR; TRANSITION; MG(BH4)(2); DIFFUSION; LIBH4; NABD4 AB To study the effects of partial halide anion substitution on the reorientational motion of [BH4] anions in NaBH4, we have measured the H-1 and B-11 NMR spectra and spin-lattice relaxation rates in the cubic solid solutions Na(BH4)(0.5)Cl-0.5 and Na(BH4)(0.5)I-0.5 over broad ranges of temperature (8-324 K) and the resonance frequency (14-90 MHz). For both solid solutions, the measured H-1 spin-lattice relaxation rates are governed by reorientations of BH4 groups, and the experimental data can be satisfactorily described by the model with a Gaussian distribution of the activation energies. The average values of the activation energies derived from the H-1 spin-lattice relaxation data are 192 +/- 7 meV for Na(BH4)(0.5)Cl-0.5 and 120 +/- 3 meV for Na(BH4)0.5I0.5. At a given temperature, the reorientational jump rates are found to increase in the order of Na(BH4)(0.5)Cl-0.5-NaBH4-Na(BH4)(0.5)I-0.5, in agreement with the quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) results. This trend correlates with the lattice expansion reflecting the increase in the size of the corresponding anions (in the order of Cl -[BH4] -I). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Skoryunov, R. V.; Babanova, O. A.; Soloninin, A. V.; Skripov, A. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Branch, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. [Verdal, N.; Udovic, T. J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Verdal, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Skripov, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Branch, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. EM skripov@imp.uran.ru RI Babanova, Olga/J-4821-2013; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013; Soloninin, Alexey/J-8580-2013 OI Skoryunov, Roman/0000-0001-6158-9056; Babanova, Olga/0000-0002-2422-3263; Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538; Soloninin, Alexey/0000-0001-7127-9641 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [15-03-01114]; U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation [RUP1-7076-EK12]; DOE EERE [DE-EE0002978]; National Science Foundation [OISE-9531011] FX This work was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 15-03-01114), the U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation (Grant No. RUP1-7076-EK12), the DOE EERE (Grant No. DE-EE0002978) and the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. OISE-9531011. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUL 5 PY 2015 VL 636 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.02.194 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CE4YN UT WOS:000351836600048 ER PT J AU Gattuso, JP Magnan, A Bille, R Cheung, WWL Howes, EL Joos, F Allemand, D Bopp, L Cooley, SR Eakin, CM Hoegh-Guldberg, O Kelly, RP Portner, HO Rogers, AD Baxter, JM Laffoley, D Osborn, D Rankovic, A Rochette, J Sumaila, UR Treyer, S Turley, C AF Gattuso, J-P Magnan, A. Bille, R. Cheung, W. W. L. Howes, E. L. Joos, F. Allemand, D. Bopp, L. Cooley, S. R. Eakin, C. M. Hoegh-Guldberg, O. Kelly, R. P. Poertner, H-O Rogers, A. D. Baxter, J. M. Laffoley, D. Osborn, D. Rankovic, A. Rochette, J. Sumaila, U. R. Treyer, S. Turley, C. TI Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; CORAL-REEFS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; CARBONATE CHEMISTRY; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; COASTAL PROTECTION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CHANGING CLIMATE; FISHERIES CATCH AB The ocean moderates anthropogenic climate change at the cost of profound alterations of its physics, chemistry, ecology, and services. Here, we evaluate and compare the risks of impacts on marine and coastal ecosystems-and the goods and services they provide-for growing cumulative carbon emissions under two contrasting emissions scenarios. The current emissions trajectory would rapidly and significantly alter many ecosystems and the associated services on which humans heavily depend. A reduced emissions scenario-consistent with the Copenhagen Accord's goal of a global temperature increase of less than 2 degrees C-is much more favorable to the ocean but still substantially alters important marine ecosystems and associated goods and services. The management options to address ocean impacts narrow as the ocean warms and acidifies. Consequently, any new climate regime that fails to minimize ocean impacts would be incomplete and inadequate. C1 [Gattuso, J-P] Inst Natl Sci Univers, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Gattuso, J-P] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Observ Oceanol, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Gattuso, J-P; Magnan, A.; Rankovic, A.; Rochette, J.; Treyer, S.] Sci Po, Inst Sustainable Dev & Int Relat, F-75007 Paris, France. [Bille, R.] Secretariat Pacific Community, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Cheung, W. W. L.] Univ British Columbia, Nippon Fdn UBC Nereus Program, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Howes, E. L.; Poertner, H-O] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Joos, F.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Climate & Environm Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Joos, F.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Allemand, D.] Ctr Sci Monaco, MC-98000 Monaco, Monaco. [Allemand, D.] Prince Albert II Monaco Fdn, Sci & Tech Comm, MC-98000 Monaco, Monaco. [Bopp, L.] Univ Versailles St Quentin En Yvelines, Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace,CNRS,UMR8212, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Cooley, S. R.] Ocean Conservancy, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Eakin, C. M.] NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Hoegh-Guldberg, O.] Univ Queensland, Global Change Inst, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Hoegh-Guldberg, O.] Univ Queensland, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Kelly, R. P.] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Rogers, A. D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Baxter, J. M.] Scottish Nat Heritage, Edinburgh EH12 7AT, Midlothian, Scotland. [Laffoley, D.] IUCN, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Osborn, D.] IAEA, Environm Labs, MC-98000 Monaco, Monaco. [Rankovic, A.] Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Program Sci Technol & Soc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sumaila, U. R.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Econ Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Turley, C.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. RP Gattuso, JP (reprint author), Inst Natl Sci Univers, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. EM gattuso@obs-vlfr.fr RI Gattuso, Jean-Pierre/E-6631-2010; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; Portner, Hans-O./K-9429-2016 OI Gattuso, Jean-Pierre/0000-0002-4533-4114; Portner, Hans-O./0000-0001-6535-6575 FU Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre of the International Atomic Energy Agency; BNP Paribas Foundation; Monegasque Association for Ocean Acidification; French National Research Agency (CapAdapt project) [ANR-2011-JSH1-004 01]; RESCCUE project - French Development Agency; French Global Environment Facility [AFD CZZ 1647 01 F, FFEM CZZ 1667 01 H]; Nippon Foundation-UBC Nereus Program; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; UK Ocean Acidification research program; Swiss National Science Foundation; Commission through the European Union Framework Programme 7 project CARBOCHANGE [264879]; University of Queensland; Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence; ARC Laureate Fellowship; PACES program; BIOACID program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); NASA; government of the Principality of Monaco FX This is a product of "The Oceans 2015 Initiative," an expert group supported by the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, the Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the BNP Paribas Foundation, and the Monegasque Association for Ocean Acidification. This study is also a contribution to the international IMBER (Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research) project. We are grateful for the considerable help of Y. Estrada (Technical Support Unit of IPCC WG II) and M. Khamla to finalize the illustrations and H. Flores for useful discussion. A. M. acknowledges support from the French National Research Agency (CapAdapt project, ANR-2011-JSH1-004 01). R.B. is supported by the RESCCUE project funded by the French Development Agency and the French Global Environment Facility (AFD CZZ 1647 01 F and FFEM CZZ 1667 01 H). W.W.L.C. acknowledges support from the Nippon Foundation-UBC Nereus Program and Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. U.R.S. and W.W.L.C. thank the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council-sponsored OceanCanada Partnership for support. C.T. is supported by the UK Ocean Acidification research program. F.J. acknowledges support by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the European Commission through the European Union Framework Programme 7 project CARBOCHANGE (no. 264879). O.H.-G. is grateful for support from the University of Queensland, Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence, and his ARC Laureate Fellowship. H.-O.P. acknowledges support by the PACES and BIOACID programs. C.M.E. acknowledges support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and NASA. The International Atomic Energy Agency is grateful to the government of the Principality of Monaco for the support provided to its Environment Laboratories. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), and thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA, NASA, the International Atomic Energy Agency, the U.S. government, or the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. NR 157 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 75 U2 173 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 3 PY 2015 VL 349 IS 6243 AR aac4722 DI 10.1126/science.aac4722 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CL9FG UT WOS:000357280800052 PM 26138982 ER PT J AU Crosson, S AF Crosson, Scott TI Anticipating Exit from North Carolina's Commercial Fisheries SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE co-management; exit; fisheries management; fishing communities; human dimensions of fish and wildlife; limited access; limited entry; multicriteria decision making ID NEW-ENGLAND; JOB-SATISFACTION; ACTIVE NONPARTICIPATION; FLEET DYNAMICS; RESOURCE; ENTRY; GOVERNANCE; MANAGEMENT; DECISIONS; BEHAVIOR AB If access to commercial licenses has been limited, then understanding the factors that contribute to movement out of these fisheries (fisheries exit) has value for managers. Studies on the causes of fisheries exit have focused on economic or social factors, but rarely both. I test the relative influence of 15 social and economic attributes from the fisheries exit and job satisfaction literature on fishermen's expectation of eventual exit from fisheries, with the hope that this will contribute to better predictions of fisheries participation and useful feedback for current management. I use available data from four comprehensive demographic and attitudinal surveys in North Carolina. Participation in the state's limited-access commercial fisheries has steadily declined since 2000, leading to concerns that the long-term infrastructure of the industry may be collapsing. C1 [Crosson, Scott] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL USA. RP Crosson, S (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM scott.crosson@noaa.gov OI Crosson, Scott/0000-0002-8126-1282 NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 EI 1521-0723 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD JUL 3 PY 2015 VL 28 IS 7 BP 797 EP 806 DI 10.1080/08941920.2014.970737 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA CL7NG UT WOS:000357158200008 ER PT J AU Frolicher, TL Paynter, DJ AF Froelicher, Thomas L. Paynter, David J. TI Extending the relationship between global warming and cumulative carbon emissions to multi-millennial timescales SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide emissions; global warming; Earth System Modeling; carbon budgets; 2 degrees C warming target; CMIP5 ID CO2 EMISSIONS; SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; CLIMATE MODELS; HEAT UPTAKE; PART I; SYSTEM; OCEAN; SENSITIVITY; FORMULATION AB The transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) is a highly policy-relevant quantity in climate science. The TCRE suggests that peak warming is linearly proportional to cumulative carbon emissions and nearly independent of the emissions scenario. Here, we use simulations of the Earth System Model (ESM) from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) to show that global mean surface temperature may increase by 0.5 degrees C after carbon emissions are stopped at 2 degrees C global warming, implying an increase in the coefficient relating global warming to cumulative carbon emissions on multi-centennial timescales. The simulations also suggest a 20% lower quota on cumulative carbon emissions allowed to achieve a policy-driven limit on global warming. ESM estimates from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5-ESMs) qualitatively agree on this result, whereas Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs) simulations, used in the IPCC 5th assessment report to assess the robustness of TCRE on multi-centennial timescales, suggest a post-emissions decrease in temperature. The reason for this discrepancy lies in the smaller simulated realized warming fraction in CMIP5-ESMs, including GFDL ESM2M, than in EMICs when carbon emissions increase. The temperature response to cumulative carbon emissions can be characterized by three different phases and the linear TCRE framework is only valid during the first phase when carbon emissions increase. For longer timescales, when emissions tape off, two new metrics are introduced that better characterize the time-dependent temperature response to cumulative carbon emissions: the equilibrium climate response to cumulative carbon emissions and the multi-millennial climate response to cumulative carbon emissions. C1 [Froelicher, Thomas L.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Paynter, David J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Frolicher, TL (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. EM thomas.froelicher@usys.ethz.ch RI Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015 OI Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854 FU SNSF [PZ00P2_142573] FX We thank M Eby for providing the airborne fraction values for the EMICs, T Andrews for providing the equilibrium climate sensitivity estimates of the CMIP5-ESMs, and J Roegelj for providing CMIP5-ESM data. We also thank R Knutti, N Gruber, M Winton and M Munnich for useful discussions and comments on the manuscript. T L Frolicher acknowledges financial support from the SNSF (Ambizione grant PZ00P2_142573). NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR 075002 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/7/075002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CY9XH UT WOS:000366759200019 ER PT J AU Ebert, E Zhu, YJ AF Ebert, Elizabeth Zhu, Yuejian TI Special Issue "Forecast Verification" SO MAUSAM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ebert, Elizabeth] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Zhu, Yuejian] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. RP Ebert, E (reprint author), Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPT PI NEW DELHI PA MAUSAM BHAWAN, LODI RD, NEW DELHI, 110 003, INDIA SN 0252-9416 J9 MAUSAM JI Mausam PD JUL PY 2015 VL 66 IS 3 BP III EP VIII PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX0ID UT WOS:000365379200002 ER PT J AU Cram, TA Compo, GP Yin, XG Allan, RJ McColl, C Vose, RS Whitaker, JS Matsui, N Ashcroft, L Auchmann, R Bessemoulin, P Brandsma, T Brohan, P Brunet, M Comeaux, J Crouthamel, R Gleason, BE Groisman, PY Hersbach, H Jones, PD Jonsson, T Jourdain, S Kelly, G Knapp, KR Kruger, A Kubota, H Lentini, G Lorrey, A Lott, N Lubker, SJ Luterbacher, J Marshall, GJ Maugeri, M Mock, CJ Mok, HY Nordli, O Rodwell, MJ Ross, TF Schuster, D Srnec, L Valente, MA Vizi, Z Wang, XL Westcott, N Woollen, JS Worley, SJ AF Cram, Thomas A. Compo, Gilbert P. Yin, Xungang Allan, Robert J. McColl, Chesley Vose, Russell S. Whitaker, Jeffrey S. Matsui, Nobuki Ashcroft, Linden Auchmann, Renate Bessemoulin, Pierre Brandsma, Theo Brohan, Philip Brunet, Manola Comeaux, Joseph Crouthamel, Richard Gleason, Byron E., Jr. Groisman, Pavel Y. Hersbach, Hans Jones, Philip D. Jonsson, Trausti Jourdain, Sylvie Kelly, Gail Knapp, Kenneth R. Kruger, Andries Kubota, Hisayuki Lentini, Gianluca Lorrey, Andrew Lott, Neal Lubker, Sandra J. Luterbacher, Juerg Marshall, Gareth J. Maugeri, Maurizio Mock, Cary J. Mok, Hing Y. Nordli, Oyvind Rodwell, Mark J. Ross, Thomas F. Schuster, Douglas Srnec, Lidija Valente, Maria Antonia Vizi, Zsuzsanna Wang, Xiaolan L. Westcott, Nancy Woollen, John S. Worley, Steven J. TI The International Surface Pressure Databank version 2 SO GEOSCIENCE DATA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE surface pressure; sea level pressure; observations; stations; ships ID 20TH-CENTURY REANALYSIS; FORECAST SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; STORMINESS; PROJECT; ICOADS AB The International Surface Pressure Databank (ISPD) is the world's largest collection of global surface and sea-level pressure observations. It was developed by extracting observations from established international archives, through international cooperation with data recovery facilitated by the Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) initiative, and directly by contributing universities, organizations, and countries. The dataset period is currently 1768-2012 and consists of three data components: observations from land stations, marine observing systems, and tropical cyclone best track pressure reports. Version 2 of the ISPD (ISPDv2) was created to be observational input for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project (20CR) and contains the quality control and assimilation feedback metadata from the 20CR. Since then, it has been used for various general climate and weather studies, and an updated version 3 (ISPDv3) has been used in the ERA-20C reanalysis in connection with the European Reanalysis of Global Climate Observations project (ERA-CLIM). The focus of this paper is on the ISPDv2 and the inclusion of the 20CR feedback metadata. The Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research provides data collection and access for the ISPDv2, and will provide access to future versions. C1 [Cram, Thomas A.; Comeaux, Joseph; Schuster, Douglas; Worley, Steven J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Compo, Gilbert P.; McColl, Chesley; Matsui, Nobuki] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Compo, Gilbert P.; McColl, Chesley; Whitaker, Jeffrey S.; Matsui, Nobuki; Lubker, Sandra J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Yin, Xungang] ERT Inc, Asheville, NC USA. [Allan, Robert J.; Kelly, Gail] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Atmospher Circulat Reconstruct Earth Initiat, Exeter, Devon, England. [Allan, Robert J.; Brohan, Philip; Rodwell, Mark J.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Vose, Russell S.; Gleason, Byron E., Jr.; Groisman, Pavel Y.; Knapp, Kenneth R.; Lott, Neal; Ross, Thomas F.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Ashcroft, Linden] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Auchmann, Renate] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, Bern, Switzerland. [Auchmann, Renate] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. [Bessemoulin, Pierre] Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Brandsma, Theo] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Brunet, Manola] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Ctr Climate Change, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain. [Crouthamel, Richard] IEDRO, Deale, MD USA. [Groisman, Pavel Y.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Groisman, Pavel Y.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow, Russia. [Hersbach, Hans] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Brunet, Manola; Jones, Philip D.] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Jones, Philip D.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Jonsson, Trausti] Icelandic Met Off, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Jourdain, Sylvie] Meteo France, Direct Climatol, Toulouse, France. [Kruger, Andries] South African Weather Serv, Pretoria, South Africa. [Kubota, Hisayuki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Land Proc Res, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Lentini, Gianluca; Maugeri, Maurizio] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. [Lorrey, Andrew] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Auckland, New Zealand. [Luterbacher, Juerg] Univ Giessen, Dept Geog Climatol Climate Dynam & Climate Change, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. [Marshall, Gareth J.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Mock, Cary J.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Mok, Hing Y.] Hong Kong Observ, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Nordli, Oyvind] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Srnec, Lidija] Meteorol & Hydrol Serv, Zagreb, Croatia. [Valente, Maria Antonia] Univ Lisbon, Lab Associado, Inst Dom Luiz, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Vizi, Zsuzsanna] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Torun, Poland. [Wang, Xiaolan L.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Westcott, Nancy] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Midwestern Reg Climate Ctr, Urbana, IL USA. [Woollen, John S.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Woollen, John S.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Cram, TA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM tcram@ucar.edu RI Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011; Ashcroft, Linden/K-5234-2016 OI Ashcroft, Linden/0000-0003-3898-6648 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research program); NOAA Climate Program Office; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-00OR22725]; European Union [242093, 607193]; Russian Ministry of Education and Science [14.B25.31.0026]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [200021_146599/1] FX Construction of the ISPD is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research program) and the NOAA Climate Program Office. The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project and the International Surface Pressure Databank used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which are supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, respectively. Manola Brunet and Philip D. Jones are grateful to the European Union-funded projects EUropean Reanalysis and Observations for Monitoring (EURO4M, FP7-SPACE-2009-1 Project No. 242093) and Uncertainties in Ensembles of Regional Reanalyses (UERRA, FP7-SPACE-2013-1 Project No. 607193). Pavel Groisman was partially supported by Grant 14.B25.31.0026 of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science. Renate Auchmann was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF; Project TWIST, 200021_146599/1). NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2049-6060 J9 GEOSCI DATA J JI Geosci. Data J. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 2 IS 1 BP 31 EP 46 DI 10.1002/gdj3.25 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV4EV UT WOS:000364220100004 ER PT J AU Vecchione, M Sosnowski, A Young, RE AF Vecchione, M. Sosnowski, A. Young, R. E. TI Walvisteuthis jeremiahi n. sp (Mollusca: Cephalopoda), an onychoteuthid squid from the Gulf of Mexico SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Callimachus; Onykia; Walvisteuthidae ID OEGOPSIDA AB We describe an additional species in the oegopsid squid family Onychoteuthidae from the Gulf of Mexico. Although similar to Onykia rancureli Okutani (=Callimachus rancureli sensu Bolstad), the species described here differs by having fewer hooks and carpal suckers on the tentacle clubs and a wider head. In considering the generic relationships of this species, we briefly review the genera Walvisteuthis, Callimachus, and Onykia and conclude that the proper genus for this species is Walvisteuthis and that this genus is indeed an onychoteuthid rather than comprising a monogeneric family Walvisteuthidae. C1 [Vecchione, M.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Sosnowski, A.] Eckerd Coll, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. [Young, R. E.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Vecchione, M (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 128 IS 2 BP 164 EP 175 DI 10.2988/0006-324X-128.2.164 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CS8VL UT WOS:000362367500004 ER PT J AU Liu, GN Wen, BM Xie, T Castillo, A Ha, JY Sullivan, N Debnath, R Davydov, A Peckerar, M Motayed, A AF Liu, Guannan Wen, Baomei Xie, Ting Castillo, Audie Ha, Jong-Yong Sullivan, Nichole Debnath, Ratan Davydov, Albert Peckerar, Martin Motayed, Abhishek TI Top-down fabrication of horizontally-aligned gallium nitride nanowire arrays for sensor development SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Gallium nitride; Nanowire; Top-down approach; Surface treatment; Sensors ID EMITTING DIODE-ARRAYS; GAN NANOWIRES AB This paper demonstrates a high-throughput fabrication method of gallium nitride (GaN) nanowire (NW) and sub-micron wire (SMW) arrays using a combination of projection lithography, plasma etching, and post-plasma wet etching techniques. Photoluminescence (PL), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FFSEM), and I-V measurements were used to characterize the GaN NW/SMW devices. These NWs/SMWs can be used to create highly-sensitive and selective conductometric chemical/bio-sensors. The length and width of the wires can be precisely customized. The length of the NW/SMW varied from 5 pm to. 5 mm and the width ranges from 100 nm to 500 nm. Such comprehensive control in the geometry of a wire is difficult to achieve with other fabrication methods. The post-plasma KOH wet etching greatly reduces the surface roughness of the GaN NW/SM as well as the performance of devices. Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices can be incorporated with GaN NW/SMW arrays on a single chip using this top-down fabrication method. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Guannan; Xie, Ting; Ha, Jong-Yong; Peckerar, Martin; Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Guannan; Wen, Baomei; Xie, Ting; Castillo, Audie; Ha, Jong-Yong; Debnath, Ratan; Davydov, Albert; Motayed, Abhishek] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wen, Baomei; Castillo, Audie; Sullivan, Nichole; Debnath, Ratan; Motayed, Abhishek] N5 Sensors Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Motayed, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM abhishek.motayed@nist.gov RI Debnath, Ratan/B-4678-2016; Debnath, Ratan/D-3629-2012; OI Debnath, Ratan/0000-0003-1343-7888; Xie, Ting/0000-0003-2722-7822 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 EI 1873-5568 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 142 BP 58 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2015.08.004 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA CS4PP UT WOS:000362058500010 ER PT J AU Ballard, JB Dick, DD McDonnell, SJ Bischof, M Fu, J Owen, JHG Owen, WR Alexander, JD Jaeger, DL Namboodiri, P Fuchs, E Chabal, YJ Wallace, RM Reidy, R Silver, RM Randall, JN Von Ehr, J AF Ballard, Josh B. Dick, Don D. McDonnell, Stephen J. Bischof, Maia Fu, Joseph Owen, James H. G. Owen, William R. Alexander, Justin D. Jaeger, David L. Namboodiri, Pradeep Fuchs, Ehud Chabal, Yves J. Wallace, Robert M. Reidy, Richard Silver, Richard M. Randall, John N. Von Ehr, James TI Atomically Traceable Nanostructure Fabrication SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Engineering; Issue 101; Nanolithography; Scanning Tunneling Microscopy; Atomic Layer Deposition; Reactive Ion Etching ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; SI(100)-2X1-H SURFACE; LAYER DEPOSITION; SILICON; DESORPTION; SYSTEMS AB Reducing the scale of etched nanostructures below the 10 nm range eventually will require an atomic scale understanding of the entire fabrication process being used in order to maintain exquisite control over both feature size and feature density. Here, we demonstrate a method for tracking atomically resolved and controlled structures from initial template definition through final nanostructure metrology, opening up a pathway for top-down atomic control over nanofabrication. Hydrogen depassivation lithography is the first step of the nanoscale fabrication process followed by selective atomic layer deposition of up to 2.8 nm of titania to make a nanoscale etch mask. Contrast with the background is shown, indicating different mechanisms for growth on the desired patterns and on the H passivated background. The patterns are then transferred into the bulk using reactive ion etching to form 20 nm tall nanostructures with linewidths down to similar to 6 nm. To illustrate the limitations of this process, arrays of holes and lines are fabricated. The various nanofabrication process steps are performed at disparate locations, so process integration is discussed. Related issues are discussed including using fiducial marks for finding nanostructures on a macroscopic sample and protecting the chemically reactive patterned Si(100)-H surface against degradation due to atmospheric exposure. C1 [Ballard, Josh B.; Owen, James H. G.; Owen, William R.; Alexander, Justin D.; Fuchs, Ehud; Randall, John N.; Von Ehr, James] Zyvex Labs, Richardson, TX 75081 USA. [Dick, Don D.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [McDonnell, Stephen J.; Chabal, Yves J.; Wallace, Robert M.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Bischof, Maia; Jaeger, David L.; Reidy, Richard] Univ N Texas, Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Fu, Joseph; Namboodiri, Pradeep; Reidy, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Ballard, JB (reprint author), Zyvex Labs, Richardson, TX 75081 USA. EM jballard@zyvexlabs.com RI McDonnell, Stephen/E-1868-2011; Wallace, Robert/A-5283-2008 OI McDonnell, Stephen/0000-0001-9173-2060; Wallace, Robert/0000-0001-5566-4806 FU DARPA [N66001-08-C-2040]; Emerging Technology Fund of the State of Texas FX This work was supported by a Contract from DARPA (N66001-08-C-2040) and by a grant from the Emerging Technology Fund of the State of Texas. The authors would like to acknowledge Jiyoung Kim, Greg Mordi, Angela Azcatl, and Tom Scharf for their contributions related to selective atomic layer deposition, as well as Wallace Martin and Gordon Pollock for ex-situ sample processing. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD JUL PY 2015 IS 101 AR e52900 DI 10.3791/52900 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CR7ND UT WOS:000361536200037 PM 26274555 ER PT J AU Zhong, DT Damiani, TM Preaux, SAM Kingdon, RW AF Zhong, Detang Damiani, Theresa Marie Preaux, Sandra Ann Martinka Kingdon, Robert William TI Comparison of airborne gravity processing results by GravPRO and Newton software packages SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRAVIMETRY; SEA AB Zero-length spring gravity sensors, such as the Micro-g LaCoste Turnkey Airborne Gravity System (TAGS), are widely used in airborne gravimetry applications due to their virtually drift-free characteristics. However, the quality of the final gravity product depends on the methods chosen to correct for several dynamic effects, including the Eotvos correction, the vertical acceleration correction of the moving aircraft, and the instrument platform tilt correction. For geodetic applications using regional gravity field mapping for geoid determination, the choices of correction method are extremely important because the flights are done uncommonly high and fast. For this reason, and in support of the Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) project, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Geodetic Survey (NGS), and Fugro Geospatial have independently developed airborne gravity processing software packages for TAGS data - called Newton and GravPRO, respectively. We have evaluated the airborne gravity data processing methods that are used in the two software packages. We processed a GRAV-D data set collected by NGS over Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico in 2008 with both packages, we compared the results for each major data correction applied, and we evaluated unique add-on features and tools. The results determined that the two software packages were very comparable, both yielding an excellent crossover root-mean-square of 1.8 mGal without any crossover adjustment applied. For the worst 14% of survey lines, which had higher levels of aircraft dynamics during flight, GravPRO was able to retain more data due to advantages in its platform tilt correction method. Also, GravPRO's instrument calibration function, which is based on crossover error analysis, found a 45% improvement in achievable survey precision from approximately 2 mGal to approximately 1 mGal when comparing the test data set to a global gravity model. C1 [Zhong, Detang] Fugro Geospatial Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Damiani, Theresa Marie; Preaux, Sandra Ann Martinka] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kingdon, Robert William] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Geodesy & Geomat Engn, Fredericton, NB, Canada. RP Zhong, DT (reprint author), Fugro Geospatial Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM dzhong@fugro.com; theresa.damiani@noaa.gov; sandra.preaux@noaa.gov; robert.kingdon@unb.ca NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 80 IS 4 BP G107 EP G118 DI 10.1190/GEO2014-0519.1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CR3GL UT WOS:000361219200022 ER PT J AU Keener, P Koch, L AF Keener, Paula Koch, Louisa TI NOAA Is Open for Business SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Keener, Paula] NOAA, Res Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Koch, Louisa] NOAA, Off Educ, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Keener, P (reprint author), NOAA, Educ, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Hollings Marine Lab, 214 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM paula.keener@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 49 IS 4 BP 16 EP 21 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CR4XS UT WOS:000361344000004 ER PT J AU Anthony, SJ Leger, JAS Liang, E Hicks, AL Sanchez-Leon, MD Jain, K Lefkowitch, JH Navarrete-Macias, I Knowles, N Goldstein, T Pugliares, K Ip, HS Rowles, T Lipkin, WI AF Anthony, S. J. Leger, J. A. St. Liang, E. Hicks, A. L. Sanchez-Leon, M. D. Jain, K. Lefkowitch, J. H. Navarrete-Macias, I. Knowles, N. Goldstein, T. Pugliares, K. Ip, H. S. Rowles, T. Lipkin, W. I. TI Discovery of a Novel Hepatovirus (Phopivirus of Seals) Related to Human Hepatitis A Virus SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID 5 NONTRANSLATED REGION; AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS; IN-VITRO; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION; PRIMATES; HAV; RNA AB Describing the viral diversity of wildlife can provide interesting and useful insights into the natural history of established human pathogens. In this study, we describe a previously unknown picornavirus in harbor seals (tentatively named phopivirus) that is related to human hepatitis A virus (HAV). We show that phopivirus shares several genetic and phenotypic characteristics with HAV, including phylogenetic relatedness across the genome, a specific and seemingly quiescent tropism for hepatocytes, structural conservation in a key functional region of the type III internal ribosomal entry site (IRES), and a codon usage bias consistent with that of HAV. IMPORTANCE Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is an important viral hepatitis in humans because of the substantial number of cases each year in regions with low socioeconomic status. The origin of HAV is unknown, and no nonprimate HAV-like viruses have been described. Here, we describe the discovery of an HAV-like virus in seals. This finding suggests that the diversity and evolutionary history of these viruses might be far greater than previously thought and may provide insight into the origin and pathogenicity of HAV. C1 [Anthony, S. J.; Liang, E.; Hicks, A. L.; Sanchez-Leon, M. D.; Jain, K.; Navarrete-Macias, I.; Lipkin, W. I.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Anthony, S. J.; Lipkin, W. I.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. [Anthony, S. J.; Liang, E.] EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY USA. [Leger, J. A. St.] SeaWorld Parks, Dept Pathol & Res, San Diego, CA USA. [Lefkowitch, J. H.] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pathol & Cell Biol, New York, NY USA. [Knowles, N.] Pirbright Inst, Pirbright, Surrey, England. [Goldstein, T.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Hlth Inst 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Goldstein, T.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pugliares, K.] New England Aquarium, Marine Anim Rescue & Rehabil Dept, Boston, MA USA. [Ip, H. S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Rowles, T.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Anthony, SJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sja2127@cumc.columbia.edu RI Institute, Pirbright/K-4476-2014 FU NIH/NIAID Centers for Research in Diagnostics and Discovery [U19AI109761]; NOAA's John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant [NA07NMF4390220]; NOAA's Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program Unusual Mortality Event Contingency Fund; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council under The Pirbright Institute Livestock Viral Diseases Programme FX This study was funded by NIH/NIAID Centers for Research in Diagnostics and Discovery (grant U19AI109761 to W.I.L.). Sample collection was partially funded by NOAA's John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program award no. NA07NMF4390220 and NOAA's Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program Unusual Mortality Event Contingency Fund. N.K. was supported by core funding provided by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council under The Pirbright Institute Livestock Viral Diseases Programme. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 6 IS 4 AR e01180-15 DI 10.1128/mBio.01180-15 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CQ8EN UT WOS:000360839400056 ER PT J AU Mitchell, DM Gray, LJ Fujiwara, M Hibino, T Anstey, JA Ebisuzaki, W Harada, Y Long, C Misios, S Stott, PA Tan, D AF Mitchell, D. M. Gray, L. J. Fujiwara, M. Hibino, T. Anstey, J. A. Ebisuzaki, W. Harada, Y. Long, C. Misios, S. Stott, P. A. Tan, D. TI Signatures of naturally induced variability in the atmosphere using multiple reanalysis datasets SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE natural variability; solar; stratosphere; S-RIP; reanalyses; regression ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; STRATOSPHERIC SUDDEN WARMINGS; 11-YEAR SOLAR SIGNAL; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; ERA-40 REANALYSIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PART I; CYCLE AB A multiple linear regression analysis of nine different reanalysis datasets has been performed to test the robustness of variability associated with volcanic eruptions, the El Nino Southern Oscillation, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and with a specific focus on the 11-year solar cycle. The analysis covers both the stratosphere and troposphere and extends over the period 1979-2009. The characteristic signals of all four sources of variability are remarkably consistent between the datasets and confirm the responses seen in previous analyses. In general, the solar signatures reported are primarily due to the assimilation of observations, rather than the underlying forecast model used in the reanalysis system. Analysis of the 11-year solar response in the lower stratosphere confirms the existence of the equatorial temperature maximum, although there is less consistency in the upper stratosphere, probably reflecting the reduced level of assimilated data there. The solar modulation of the polar jet oscillation is also evident, but only significant during February. In the troposphere, vertically banded anomalies in zonal mean zonal winds are seen in all the reanalyses, with easterly anomalies at 30 degrees N and 30 degrees S suggesting a weaker and possibly broader Hadley circulation under solar maximum conditions. This structure is present in the annual signal and is particularly evident in NH wintertime. As well as the top-down' solar contribution to Northern Annular Mode variability, we show the potential contribution from the surface conditions allowing for a bottom-up' pathway. Finally, the reanalyses are compared with both observed global-mean temperatures from the Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) and from the latest general circulation models from CMIP-5. The SSU samples the stratosphere over three different altitudes, and the 11-year solar cycle fingerprint is identified in these observations using detection and attribution techniques. C1 [Mitchell, D. M.; Gray, L. J.; Anstey, J. A.] Univ Oxford, Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Gray, L. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, NERC, Oxford, England. [Fujiwara, M.; Hibino, T.] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Ebisuzaki, W.; Long, C.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Harada, Y.] Meteorol Res Inst, Climate Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Misios, S.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Lab Atmospher Phys, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Stott, P. A.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Tan, D.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Mitchell, DM (reprint author), Sherrington Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM mitchell@atm.ox.ac.uk RI Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016; OI Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686; Mitchell, Daniel/0000-0002-0117-3486 FU NERC FX We thank the anonymous reviewers. We thank Gil Compo and Jeffrey Whitaker for checking details of the 20CR. JRA-55 monthly mean data were provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency via the JMA Data Dissemination System (JDDS). The NCEP-1 and NCEP-2 reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD. The ERA-40 and ERA-Interim data were provided by the ECMWF through their website. The JRA-25 data were provided by the JMA and CRIEPI. JCDAS is a successor of JRA-25 using the same system provided by JMA. The MERRA data were provided by NASA/GSFC/GMAO. The NCEP-CFSR data were provided through NOAA/NCDC. Support for the 20CR project dataset is provided by the US DOE Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the NOAA Climate Program Office. DMM and LJG are funded by NERC. NR 88 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 141 IS 691 BP 2011 EP 2031 DI 10.1002/qj.2492 PN B PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR0CQ UT WOS:000360986200004 ER PT J AU Scyphers, SB Powers, SP Akins, JL Drymon, JM Martin, CW Schobernd, ZH Schofield, PJ Shipp, RL Switzer, TS AF Scyphers, Steven B. Powers, Sean P. Akins, J. Lad Drymon, J. Marcus Martin, Charles W. Schobernd, Zeb H. Schofield, Pamela J. Shipp, Robert L. Switzer, Theodore S. TI The Role of Citizens in Detecting and Responding to a Rapid Marine Invasion SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Citizen science; conservation planning; participatory management; Pterois volitans; social-ecological systems ID LIONFISHES PTEROIS-VOLITANS; INDO-PACIFIC LIONFISH; SPECIES INVASIONS; ATLANTIC; SCIENCE; FISHERMEN; INSIGHTS; BAHAMAS; SYSTEMS; FUTURE AB Documenting and responding to species invasions requires innovative strategies that account for ecological and societal complexities. We used the recent expansion of Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) throughout northern Gulf of Mexico coastal waters to evaluate the role of stakeholders in documenting and responding to a rapid marine invasion. We coupled an online survey of spearfishers and citizen science monitoring programs with traditional fishery-independent data sources and found that citizen observations documented lionfish 1-2 years earlier and more frequently than traditional reef fish monitoring programs. Citizen observations first documented lionfish in 2010 followed by rapid expansion and proliferation in 2011 (+367%). From the survey of spearfishers, we determined that diving experience and personal observations of lionfish strongly influenced perceived impacts, and these perceptions were powerful predictors of support for initiatives. Our study demonstrates the value of engaging citizens for assessing and responding to large-scale and time-sensitive conservation problems. C1 [Scyphers, Steven B.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Powers, Sean P.; Drymon, J. Marcus] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Powers, Sean P.; Drymon, J. Marcus] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Akins, J. Lad] Reef Environm Educ Fdn, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. [Martin, Charles W.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Schobernd, Zeb H.] NOAA Fisheries, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Schofield, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Shipp, Robert L.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Switzer, Theodore S.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Scyphers, SB (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. EM s.scyphers@neu.edu OI Martin, Charles/0000-0001-9240-3824 FU NOAA Fisheries; USGS Invasive Species Program; Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources; Marine Resources Division; Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute; National Science Foundation [OCE-1215825] FX We appreciate J Fodrie, R McMichael, T Kellison, W Helt, P Levin, M Ruckelshaus, A Knight and reviewers for comments that improved our manuscript. This work was supported in part by NOAA Fisheries, USGS Invasive Species Program, Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Marine Resources Division, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, and the National Science Foundation (OCE-1215825). We thank B Noble, C Gledhill, J Rester, L Kirk, and the Fisheries Ecology Lab for assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 16 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 8 IS 4 BP 242 EP 250 DI 10.1111/conl.12127 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CQ2SM UT WOS:000360451400003 ER PT J AU Burger, JL Schneider, N Bruno, TJ AF Burger, Jessica L. Schneider, Nico Bruno, Thomas J. TI Application of the Advanced Distillation Curve Method to Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engine Gasolines SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference Biogas Science CY 2014 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA ID PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; SURROGATE FUEL; BIODIESEL FUEL; IMPROVEMENTS; MIXTURES; TEMPERATURE; IGNITION; ENTHALPY AB Incremental but fundamental changes are currently being made to fuel composition and combustion strategies to diversify energy feedstocks, decrease pollution, and increase engine efficiency. The increase in parameter space (by having many variables in play simultaneously) makes it difficult at best to propose strategic changes to engine and fuel design by use of conventional build-and-test methodology. To make changes in the most time- and cost-effective manner, it is imperative that new computational tools and surrogate fuels are developed. Currently, sets of fuels are being characterized by industry groups, such as the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) and other entities, so that researchers in different laboratories have access to fuels with consistent properties. In this work, six gasolines (FACE A, C, F, G, I, and J), are characterized by the advanced distillation curve (ADC) method to determine the composition and enthalpy of combustion in various distillate volume fractions. Tracking the composition and enthalpy of distillate fractions provides valuable information for determining structure property relationships, and moreover, it provides the basis for the development of equations of state that can describe the thermodynamic properties of these complex mixtures and lead to development of surrogate fuels composed of major hydrocarbon classes found in target fuels. C1 [Burger, Jessica L.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schneider, Nico] Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU PREP postdoctoral associateship program; Germany's Excellence Initiative [DFG GSC 98/3] FX Jessica L. Burger acknowledges the PREP postdoctoral associateship program support for research performed at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO, for this work. Nico Schneider acknowledges the Ruhr University Research School PLUS, funded by Germany's Excellence Initiative (DFG GSC 98/3) for support for this research. The collaboration of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Clean Combustion Research Center for arranging access to the samples is gratefully acknowledged. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL PY 2015 VL 29 IS 7 BP 4227 EP 4235 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00749 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CP6VS UT WOS:000360026900024 ER PT J AU Hsieh, PY Widegren, JA Slifka, AJ Hagen, AJ Rorrer, RAL AF Hsieh, Peter Y. Widegren, Jason A. Slifka, Andrew J. Hagen, Andrew J. Rorrer, Ronald A. L. TI Direct Measurement of Trace Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Diesel Fuel with H-1 and C-13 NMR Spectroscopy: Effect of PAH Content on Fuel Lubricity SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference Biogas Science CY 2014 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA ID LUBRICATION; DISTILLATES; SATURATION; BIODIESEL; PETROLEUM; PRODUCTS; FRICTION; SURFACES; GRAPHENE; ORIGIN AB Surface-active trace compounds present in diesel fuels protect pumps and injectors against premature wear through boundary lubrication. Due to the vast number of hydrocarbon compounds found in petroleum distillate fuels, it is difficult to measure the concentration of trace lubricity-enhancing compounds in neat diesel fuel samples. We report herein the direct measurement of trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in diesel fuels through H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and relate the presence of PAH with fuel lubricity measured with a high-frequency reciprocating rig. Carboxylic acids and nitrogen heterocyclic PAH were not detected in the diesel fuels tested. The data provide further evidence that surface-active PAR compounds improve the lubricity of diesel fuels. C1 [Hsieh, Peter Y.; Widegren, Jason A.; Slifka, Andrew J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hagen, Andrew J.; Rorrer, Ronald A. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Hsieh, PY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway MS 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM pyhsieh@alum.mit.edu OI Hsieh, Peter/0000-0001-9010-4863 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST FX This research was performed while P.Y.H. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL PY 2015 VL 29 IS 7 BP 4289 EP 4297 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01193 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CP6VS UT WOS:000360026900031 ER PT J AU Boles, JR Garven, G Camacho, H Lupton, JE AF Boles, J. R. Garven, G. Camacho, H. Lupton, J. E. TI Mantle helium along the Newport-Inglewood fault zone, Los Angeles basin, California: A leaking paleo-subduction zone SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE mantle helium; LA basin; Newport-Inglewood fault ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; SAFOD CORE SAMPLES; OIL-FIELD WATERS; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; VOLATILE FLUXES; JOAQUIN BASIN; TERTIARY SANDSTONES AB Mantle helium is a significant component of the helium gas from deep oil wells along the Newport-Inglewood fault zone (NIFZ) in the Los Angeles (LA) basin. Helium isotope ratios are as high as 5.3 Ra (Ra=He-3/He-4 ratio of air) indicating 66% mantle contribution (assuming R/Ra=8 for mantle), and most values are higher than 1.0 Ra. Other samples from basin margin faults and from within the basin have much lower values (R/Ra<1.0). The He-3 enrichment inversely correlates with CO2, a potential magmatic carrier gas. The C-13 of the CO2 in the He-3 rich samples is between 0 and -10, suggesting a mantle influence. The strong mantle helium signal along the NIFZ is surprising considering that the fault is currently in a transpressional rather than extensional stress regime, lacks either recent magma emplacement or high geothermal gradients, and is modeled as truncated by a proposed major, potentially seismically active, decollement beneath the LA basin. Our results demonstrate that the NIFZ is a deep-seated fault directly or indirectly connected with the mantle. Based on a 1-D model, we calculate a maximum Darcy flow rate q approximate to 2.2 cm/yr and a fault permeability k approximate to 6 x 10(-17) m(2) (60 microdarcys), but the flow rates are too low to create a geothermal anomaly. The mantle leakage may be a result of the NIFZ being a former Mesozoic subduction zone in spite of being located 70 km west of the current plate boundary at the San Andreas fault. C1 [Boles, J. R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Garven, G.] Tufts Univ, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Camacho, H.] Occidental Oil & Gas Corp, Houston, TX USA. [Lupton, J. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR USA. RP Boles, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM boles@geol.ucsb.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy (Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences) [DE-SC-0003676, DE-FG02-07ER15900]; NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences) under award DE-SC-0003676 (J. R. Boles) and DE-FG02-07ER15900 (G. Garven) and by the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (Lupton). We are grateful to the following organizations for permission to sample: Signal Hill Petroleum, Inc.; Occidental Oil and Gas Corp (California Resources Corp), Breitburn Energy Partners, LP; City of Newport Beach; Decor LLC; and Freeport-McMoRan, Inc. The paper benefitted by comments from Brady Barto (Signal Hill Petroleum), Peter Eichhubl (Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas-Austin), and editing by Stacey Zeck-Boles. Thom Davis provided insight into the structural aspects of southern California faults. The second author is very grateful for helpful discussions about isotopes with his sabbatical faculty host Jennifer McIntosh (University of Arizona), and Tufts faculty colleagues Anne Gardulski (Earth and Ocean Sciences), James Adler (Department of Mathematics), and Andrew Ramsburg (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering), and for the helium-distance regression analysis by Tufts alumnus Ellen Garven (Department of Physics). Don DePaolo (LBNL) and Tom Johnson (UIUC) provided useful guidance on isotope modeling, and Ghislain de Marsily (professeur emerite, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie) and Philippe Ackerer (CNRS, France, Lab. d'Hydrologie et de Geochimie de Strasbourg) provided very useful information on the behavior of tracers in large groundwater systems. We thank Leigh Evans for helium isotope analysis. The CO2 concentrations and isotopic values were determined by Marvin Lilley, who thanks Stefano Bernasconi and Gretchen Fruh-Green for access to the instrumentation in the Geological Institute at the ETH Zurich. This is PMEL publication 4339. We note that there are no data sharing issues since all of the numerical information is provided in figures and tables in the paper. NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 16 IS 7 BP 2364 EP 2381 DI 10.1002/2015GC005951 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CP9WX UT WOS:000360247200018 ER PT J AU Liang, J Donovan, E Nishimura, Y Yang, B Spanswick, E Asamura, K Sakanoi, T Evans, D Redmon, R AF Liang, Jun Donovan, E. Nishimura, Y. Yang, B. Spanswick, E. Asamura, K. Sakanoi, T. Evans, D. Redmon, R. TI Low-energy ion precipitation structures associated with pulsating auroral patches SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE pulsating auroral patch; low-energy ion precipitation structure; plasma outflows ID MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; INDEX SATELLITE; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; VLF EMISSIONS; PLASMA; REGION; CHORUS; ACCELERATION; INSTABILITY AB Pulsating auroras often appear in forms of geo-stable or slowly convecting patches. These patches can maintain their rough shape and size over many sequences of luminosity pulsations, yet they slowly drift with ionospheric ExB convection. Because of these characteristics, there has long been a speculation that the pulsating auroral patch (PAP) is connected to flux tubes filled with enhanced cold plasma. In this study, we perform a survey on pulsating auroral events when the footprints of low-Earth-orbit satellites traversed the PAPs, with a focus on the low-energy particle signatures associated with the PAPs. As a result, we identified, in a majority (similar to 2/3) of events, the existence of a low-energy ion precipitation structure that is collocated with the PAP, with core energies ranging from several tens of eV up to a few hundred eV. This result supports the hypothesis that a PAP connects to flux tubes filled with enhanced cold plasma. We further propose that the plasma outflows from the ionosphere are the origin of such cold plasma flux tubes. We suggest that the PAP is formed by a combination of high-energy electrons of a magnetospheric origin, the low-energy plasma structure of an ionospheric origin, and certain ELF/VLF waves that are intensified and modulated in interactions with both the hot and cold plasma populations. C1 [Liang, Jun; Donovan, E.; Yang, B.; Spanswick, E.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Nishimura, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Asamura, K.] JAXA, Inst Space & Aeronaut Sci, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. [Sakanoi, T.] Tohoku Univ, Planetary Plasma & Atmospher Res Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Evans, D.; Redmon, R.] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO USA. RP Liang, J (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM liangj@ucalgary.ca OI Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155 FU NASA; Canadian Space Agency; NOAA FX The THEMIS mission is supported by NASA. Funding for the THEMIS ASI operation was provided by the Canadian Space Agency. We wish to thank the REIMEI development and operation teams for supporting this study. POES is launched and supported by NOAA. THEMIS ASI data retrieval is provided by the University of Calgary. REIMEI data are obtained via ISAS/JAXA in Japan. POES data are obtained via NOAA data center. We are grateful for helpful discussions with Wen Li and Tom Moore. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 120 IS 7 BP 5408 EP 5431 DI 10.1002/2015JA021094 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CQ1TF UT WOS:000360381400014 ER PT J AU Engebretson, MJ Posch, JL Wygant, JR Kletzing, CA Lessard, MR Huang, CL Spence, HE Smith, CW Singer, HJ Omura, Y Horne, RB Reeves, GD Baker, DN Gkioulidou, M Oksavik, K Mann, IR Raita, T Shiokawa, K AF Engebretson, M. J. Posch, J. L. Wygant, J. R. Kletzing, C. A. Lessard, M. R. Huang, C. -L. Spence, H. E. Smith, C. W. Singer, H. J. Omura, Y. Horne, R. B. Reeves, G. D. Baker, D. N. Gkioulidou, M. Oksavik, K. Mann, I. R. Raita, T. Shiokawa, K. TI Van Allen probes, NOAA, GOES, and ground observations of an intense EMIC wave event extending over 12 h in magnetic local time SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE EMIC waves; radiation belts; magnetospheric compressions ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON-PRECIPITATION; SUBAURORAL PROTON PRECIPITATION; PITCH-ANGLE SCATTERING; EQUATORIAL MAGNETOSPHERE; ENERGETIC PARTICLE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; RADIATION BELTS; PULSATIONS; EMISSIONS AB Although most studies of the effects of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves on Earth's outer radiation belt have focused on events in the afternoon sector in the outer plasmasphere or plume region, strong magnetospheric compressions provide an additional stimulus for EMIC wave generation across a large range of local times and L shells. We present here observations of the effects of a wave event on 23 February 2014 that extended over 8h in UT and over 12h in local time, stimulated by a gradual 4h rise and subsequent sharp increases in solar wind pressure. Large-amplitude linearly polarized hydrogen band EMIC waves (up to 25nT p-p) appeared for over 4h at both Van Allen Probes, from late morning through local noon, when these spacecraft were outside the plasmapause, with densities similar to 5-20cm(-3). Waves were also observed by ground-based induction magnetometers in Antarctica (near dawn), Finland (near local noon), Russia (in the afternoon), and in Canada (from dusk to midnight). Ten passes of NOAA-POES and METOP satellites near the northern foot point of the Van Allen Probes observed 30-80keV subauroral proton precipitation, often over extended L shell ranges; other passes identified a narrow L shell region of precipitation over Canada. Observations of relativistic electrons by the Van Allen Probes showed that the fluxes of more field-aligned and more energetic radiation belt electrons were reduced in response to both the emission over Canada and the more spatially extended emission associated with the compression, confirming the effectiveness of EMIC-induced loss processes for this event. C1 [Engebretson, M. J.; Posch, J. L.] Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. [Wygant, J. R.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Kletzing, C. A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Lessard, M. R.; Huang, C. -L.; Spence, H. E.; Smith, C. W.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Omura, Y.] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto, Japan. [Horne, R. B.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Reeves, G. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Baker, D. N.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gkioulidou, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Oksavik, K.] Univ Bergen, Birkeland Ctr Space Sci, Dept Phys & Technol, Bergen, Norway. [Oksavik, K.] Univ Ctr Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway. [Mann, I. R.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Mann, I. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Raita, T.] Univ Oulu, Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Sodankyla, Finland. [Shiokawa, K.] Nagoya Univ, STELAB, Toyokawa, Japan. RP Engebretson, MJ (reprint author), Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM engebret@augsburg.edu RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Gkioulidou, Matina/G-9009-2015; Omura, Yoshiharu/P-8565-2014; OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Gkioulidou, Matina/0000-0001-9979-2164; Omura, Yoshiharu/0000-0002-6683-3940; Horne, Richard/0000-0002-0412-6407; Kletzing, Craig/0000-0002-4136-3348; Oksavik, Kjellmar/0000-0003-4312-6992 FU NSF [ANT-1142045, PLR-1341493, ANT-1141987, PLR-1341677]; Van Allen Probes mission; NASA [NAS5-01072]; Research Council of Norway [223252, 212014] FX This research was supported by NSF grants ANT-1142045 and PLR-1341493 to Augsburg College and NSF grants ANT-1141987 and PLR-1341677 to the University of New Hampshire. Work performed by M.J.E. at NASA/GSFC was supported by the Van Allen Probes mission. Van Allen Probes research at the University of Minnesota, University of Iowa, University of New Hampshire, and Los Alamos National Laboratory was supported by NASA prime contract NAS5-01072 to The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Work performed by K.O. at the University of Bergen was supported by the Research Council of Norway under contracts 223252 and 212014. We thank David Sibeck, Brian Anderson, Shrikanth Kanekal, Sasha Ukhorskiy, Yuri Shprits, Viacheslav Pilipenko, Finn Soraas, and Barry Mauk for helpful comments The Halley research station in Antarctica is operated by the British Antarctic Survey. We thank R.A. Rakhmatulin for providing Mondy induction magnetometer data, we thank the referees for their helpful comments, and we gratefully acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC's Space Physics Data Facility's OMNIWeb, SSCweb, and CDAWeb data. NR 76 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 120 IS 7 BP 5465 EP 5488 DI 10.1002/2015JA021227 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CQ1TF UT WOS:000360381400018 ER PT J AU Kress, BT Hudson, MK Selesnick, RS Mertens, CJ Engel, M AF Kress, B. T. Hudson, M. K. Selesnick, R. S. Mertens, C. J. Engel, M. TI Modeling geomagnetic cutoffs for space weather applications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Geomagnetic cutoffs ID SOLAR PROTONS; PARTICLE EVENTS; FIELD; RIGIDITY; PENETRATION; RADIATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; STATION AB Access of solar and galactic cosmic rays to the Earth's magnetosphere is quantified in terms of geomagnetic cutoff rigidity. Numerically computed grids of cutoff rigidities are used to model cosmic ray flux in Earth's atmosphere and in low Earth orbit. In recent years, the development of more accurate dynamic geomagnetic field models and an increase in computer power have made a real-time data-driven geomagnetic cutoff computation extending over the inner magnetosphere possible. For computational efficiency, numerically computed cutoffs may be scaled to different altitudes and directions of arrival using the known analytic variation of cutoff in a pure dipole magnetic field. This paper is a presentation of numerical techniques developed to compute effective cutoff rigidities for space weather applications. Numerical tests to determine the error associated with scaling vertical cutoff rigidities with altitude in a realistic geomagnetic field model are included. The tests were performed to guide the development of spatial grids for modeling cosmic ray access to the inner magnetosphere and to gain a better understanding of the accuracy of numerically modeled cutoffs. C1 [Kress, B. T.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kress, B. T.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hudson, M. K.; Engel, M.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Selesnick, R. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Mertens, C. J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Kress, BT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bkress@northstar.dartmouth.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0921979, ATM-1023332]; NSF [AGS-1023339] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation awards ATM-0921979 and ATM-1023332. Support was also provided by NSF grant AGS-1023339. The Dartmouth College radiation belt and geomagnetic cutoff codes used to produce the results presented in this paper are freely available to the public and can be obtained by contacting the author at brian.kress@colorado.edu. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 120 IS 7 BP 5694 EP 5702 DI 10.1002/2014JA020899 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CQ1TF UT WOS:000360381400034 ER PT J AU Cousins, EDP Matsuo, T Richmond, AD AF Cousins, E. D. P. Matsuo, Tomoko Richmond, A. D. TI Mapping high-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics with SuperDARN and AMPERE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; RADAR NETWORK SUPERDARN; FUV AURORAL EMISSIONS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; DOMINANT-MODES; CONVECTION; CONDUCTANCES; CONDUCTIVITIES AB An assimilative procedure for mapping high-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics is developed for use with plasma drift observations from the Super Dural Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) and magnetic perturbation observations from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE). This procedure incorporates the observations and their errors, as well as two background models and their error covariances (estimated through empirical orthogonal function analysis) to infer complete distributions of electrostatic potential and vector magnetic potential in the high-latitude ionosphere. The assimilative technique also enables objective error analysis of the results. Various methods of specifying height-integrated ionospheric conductivity, which is required by the procedure, are implemented and evaluated quantitatively. The benefits of using both SuperDARN and AMPERE data to solve for both electrostatic and vector magnetic potentials, rather than using the data sets independently or solving for just electrostatic potential, are demonstrated. Specifically, solving for vector magnetic potential improves the specification of field-aligned currents (FACs), and using both data sets together improves the specification of features in regions lacking one type of data (SuperDARN or AMPERE). Additionally, using the data sets together results in a better correspondence between large-scale features in the electrostatic potential distribution and those in the FAC distribution, as compared to using SuperDARN data alone to infer electrostatic potential and AMPERE data alone to infer FACs. Finally, the estimated uncertainty in the results decreases by typically approximate to 20% when both data sets rather than just one are included. C1 [Cousins, E. D. P.; Richmond, A. D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cousins, EDP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM ecousins@ucar.edu FU NSF [AGS-1135446, AGS-1025089]; AFOSR [1210429]; NASA [NNX13AD64G]; National Science Foundation FX Operation of the SuperDARN radars is supported by the national funding agencies of the U.S., Canada, the U.K., France, Japan, Italy, South Africa, and Australia. SuperDARN data can be obtained from a SuperDARN principal investigator (see http://vt.superdarn.org/); we thank Simon Shepherd of Dartmouth College for providing the SuperDARN data used in this study. We gratefully acknowledge the NASA Space Physics Data Facility; the World Data Center, Kyoto; and the National Geophysical Data Center for providing the high-resolution OMNI data; the AE, AL, and Sym-H index data; and the Kp index data, respectively. We thank the AMPERE team and the AMPERE Science Center for providing the Iridium-derived data products. Instructions for obtaining these data can be found at http://ampere.jhuapl.edu/. This work was supported by NSF grant AGS-1135446, AFOSR award 1210429, and NASA grant NNX13AD64G. T.M. is supported by NSF award AGS-1025089. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 120 IS 7 BP 5854 EP 5870 DI 10.1002/2014JA020463 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CQ1TF UT WOS:000360381400045 ER PT J AU Grachev, AA Andreas, EL Fairall, CW Guest, PS Persson, POG AF Grachev, Andrey A. Andreas, Edgar L. Fairall, Christopher W. Guest, Peter S. Persson, P. Ola G. TI Similarity theory based on the Dougherty-Ozmidov length scale SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Dougherty-Ozmidov length scale; mixing efficiency; Monin-Obukhov similarity theory; oceanic vertical mixing; stable boundary layer; z-less similarity ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; STABLE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TURBULENT KINETIC-ENERGY; FLUX-PROFILE RELATIONSHIPS; DISSIPATION RATE; LOCAL ISOTROPY; TEMPERATURE PROFILES; RICHARDSON-NUMBER; STRATIFIED FLUID; SELF-CORRELATION AB This article describes a local similarity theory for developed turbulence in the stably stratified boundary layer that is based on the Brunt-Vaisala frequency and the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy instead of the turbulent fluxes used in the traditional Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. Based on dimensional analysis (Pi theorem), it is shown that any properly scaled statistics of the small-scale turbulence are universal functions of a stability parameter defined as the ratio of a reference height z and the Dougherty-Ozmidov length scale, which in the limit of z-less stratification is linearly proportional to the Obukhov length scale. Measurements of atmospheric turbulence made at five levels on a 20 m tower over the Arctic pack ice during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment (SHEBA) are used to examine the behaviour of different similarity functions in the stable boundary layer. In the framework of this approach the non-dimensional turbulent viscosity is equal to the gradient Richardson number, whereas the non-dimensional turbulent thermal diffusivity is equal to the flux Richardson number. These results are a consequence of the approximate local balance between production of turbulence by shear in the mean flow and viscous dissipation. The turbulence framework based on the Brunt-Vaisala frequency and the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy may have practical advantages for estimating turbulence when the fluxes are not directly available. C1 [Grachev, Andrey A.; Fairall, Christopher W.; Persson, P. Ola G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Grachev, Andrey A.; Persson, P. Ola G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andreas, Edgar L.] NorthWest Res Associates Inc, Lebanon, NH USA. [Guest, Peter S.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Grachev, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,R PSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Andrey.Grachev@noaa.gov OI GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 FU US National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs; NSF [ARC 11-07428, ARC 10-19322]; US Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) [RUG1-2976-ST-10] FX The US National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs supported our original SHEBA research. During the current work, NSF also supported AAG and POGP with award ARC 11-07428 and ELA with award ARC 10-19322. AAG also was supported by the US Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) with award RUG1-2976-ST-10. We thank Evgeni Fedorovich, Iossif Lozovatsky and anonymous reviewers for the helpful comments and suggestions on improving the manuscript. Special thanks go to Boris Galperin for initiating the discussion on the Dougherty-Ozmidov length scale. NR 87 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 141 IS 690 BP 1845 EP 1856 DI 10.1002/qj.2488 PN A PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP9HE UT WOS:000360203800028 ER PT J AU Rickenbach, TM Nieto-Ferreira, R Zarzar, C Nelson, B AF Rickenbach, Thomas M. Nieto-Ferreira, Rosana Zarzar, Christopher Nelson, Brian TI A seasonal and diurnal climatology of precipitation organization in the southeastern United States SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE precipitation; climate; diurnal; seasonal ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; WARM-SEASON; ICE SCATTERING; RAINFALL; RADAR; SCALE; FEATURES; TROPICS; CYCLE; TRMM AB This article describes results from a new four-year (2009-2012) radar-based precipitation climatology for the southeastern United States (SE USA). The climatology shows that a size-based classification between mesoscale precipitation features (MPF) and isolated precipitation reveals distinct seasonal and diurnal variability of precipitation. On average, from 70 to 90% of precipitation is associated with MPF, generally less in the summertime and in southern coastal regions. MPF precipitation has a relatively small seasonal cycle except in Florida and the warm offshore waters of the Gulf Stream. In contrast, isolated precipitation has a dramatic seasonal cycle that outlines the SE USA coastline whereas the MPF precipitation does not, consistent with a thermodynamic mechanism for onshore isolated storms in coastal regions. In summer, the isolated precipitation preferentially forms offshore at night, and dramatically flips' inland by early afternoon. In contrast, MPF precipitation has no clear diurnal variations except in the southern coastal region in the summer, likely associated with sea breeze convection organized on the mesoscale. These results suggest that the MPF versus isolated precipitation system framework provides a useful basis for future studies of large-scale and local controls on precipitation and resulting implications for long-range predictability of precipitation. C1 [Rickenbach, Thomas M.; Nieto-Ferreira, Rosana; Zarzar, Christopher] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geog Planning & Environm, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Nelson, Brian] NOAA NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Rickenbach, TM (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Geog Planning & Environm, A-227 Brewster Bldg, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM rickenbacht@ecu.edu RI Nelson, Brian/D-6432-2014 FU National Science Foundation's Division of Atmospheric and Geospatial Science [AGS-1118141] FX This study was funded by a grant (AGS-1118141) from the National Science Foundation's Division of Atmospheric and Geospatial Science, both the Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics programme and the Physical and Dynamic Meteorology programme. We appreciate the comments of the anonymous reviewers, which led to substantial improvements to the article. Gary Lackmann is gratefully acknowledged for useful discussions on the design of this study. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 141 IS 690 BP 1938 EP 1956 DI 10.1002/qj.2500 PN A PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP9HE UT WOS:000360203800035 ER PT J AU Xiao, Y Kunnath, S Li, FW Zhao, YB Lew, HS Bao, Y AF Xiao, Y. Kunnath, S. Li, F. W. Zhao, Y. B. Lew, H. S. Bao, Y. TI Collapse Test of Three-Story Half-Scale Reinforced Concrete Frame Building SO ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catenary mechanism; column failure; column removal; disproportionate collapse; frame(s); plastic hinges; yield line theory ID PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE; CORNER COLUMN; RESISTANCE AB Results of recent research on the dynamic response, failure mechanism, and changes in the load-transfer paths of a half-scale three-story, three-hay, and three-span reinforced concrete frame subjected to a series of sudden column removals are presented. Three phases of testing were carried out, including the removal of a corner column and a column adjacent to the corner column along the short span direction, two middle exterior columns along the long span direction, and one interior column. The column removal was enabled by using a gas cannon. The dynamic response at critical locations after the imposed failure of the respective columns was observed. The removal of the corner column followed by the adjacent column resulted in only an essentially elastic response of the structure. The removal of an interior column resulted in only small deflections. The removal of the two first-story exterior columns resulted in significant vertical deflections of the middle exterior columns and significant yielding at adjacent beams that framed into the two middle exterior columns. The vertical deflection of these two columns progressed for approximately 14 minutes, at which point the exterior frame collapsed on to preset steel shoring columns. The shift from moment-resisting mechanism to catenary mechanism was identified and the response and failure of the building are discussed using simplified analyses. C1 [Xiao, Y.] Hunan Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Xiao, Y.] Hunan Univ, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Xiao, Y.] Univ So Calif, Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kunnath, S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Li, F. W.] Hunan Provincal Architecture Design Inst Co Ltd, Changsha, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Y. B.] China Machinery Int Engn Design & Res Inst Co Ltd, Changsha, Peoples R China. [Lew, H. S.; Bao, Y.] NIST, EL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bao, Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Xiao, Y (reprint author), Hunan Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China. FU Hunan University through the One-thousand Talent National Expert Scholarships; National Key Basic Research Program of China (973) [2012CB026200] FX The research reported in this paper was conducted as a collaborative project between Hunan University, the University of California, Davis, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Primary financial support for the experimental phase of the research was provided by Hunan University through the One-thousand Talent National Expert Scholarships and the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973-2012CB026200). The authors would like to thank the staff and students of the College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, particularly B. S. Chen, for their valuable contributions. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 18 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 COUNTRY CLUB DR, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48331 USA SN 0889-3241 EI 1944-7361 J9 ACI STRUCT J JI ACI Struct. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 112 IS 4 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.14359/51687746 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA CM3AW UT WOS:000357554700002 ER PT J AU Kossin, JP AF Kossin, James P. TI VALIDATING ATMOSPHERIC REANALYSIS DATA USING TROPICAL CYCLONES AS THERMOMETERS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE INTENSITY; TRENDS AB Temperatures in the upper troposphere of the atmosphere, near the tropopause, play a key role in the evolution of tropical cyclones (TC) by controlling their potential intensity (PI), which describes the thermodynamically based maximum TC intensity that the environment will support. Accurately identifying past trends in PI is critical for understanding the causes of observed changes in TC intensity, but calculations of PI trends using different atmospheric reanalysis products can give very different results, largely due to differences in their representation of upper-tropospheric temperatures. Without a means to verify the fidelity of the upper-tropospheric temperatures, PI trends calculated from these products are very uncertain.Here, a method is introduced to validate the upper-tropospheric temperatures in the reanalysis products by using the TCs themselves as thermometers. Using a 30-yr global dataset of TC cloud-top temperatures and three widely utilized atmospheric reanalysis productsModern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), ECMWF interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim), and NCEP-NCAR Global Reanalysis 1it is shown that storm-local upper-level temperatures in the MERRA and ERA-Interim data vary similarly to the TC cloud-top temperatures on both interannual and decadal time scales, but the NCEP-NCAR data have substantial biases that introduce an increasing trend in storm-local PI not found in the other two products. The lack of global storm-local PI trends is due to a balance between temporal increases in the mean state and the poleward migration of TCs into lower climatological PI, and it has significant implications for the detection and attribution of mean TC intensity trends. C1 [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Kossin, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM james.kossin@noaa.gov RI Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1089 EP 1096 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00180.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP4LX UT WOS:000359854600003 ER PT J AU Hegerl, GC Black, E Allan, RP Ingram, WJ Polson, D Trenberth, KE Chadwick, RS Arkin, PA Sarojini, BB Becker, A Dai, AG Durack, PJ Easterling, D Fowler, HJ Kendon, EJ Huffman, GJ Liu, CL Marsh, R New, M Osborn, TJ Skliris, N Stott, PA Vidale, PL Wijffels, SE Wilcox, LJ Willett, KM Zhang, XB AF Hegerl, Gabriele C. Black, Emily Allan, Richard P. Ingram, William J. Polson, Debbie Trenberth, Kevin E. Chadwick, Robin S. Arkin, Phillip A. Sarojini, Beena Balan Becker, Andreas Dai, Aiguo Durack, Paul J. Easterling, David Fowler, Hayley J. Kendon, Elizabeth J. Huffman, George J. Liu, Chunlei Marsh, Robert New, Mark Osborn, Timothy J. Skliris, Nikolaos Stott, Peter A. Vidale, Pier-Luigi Wijffels, Susan E. Wilcox, Laura J. Willett, Kate M. Zhang, Xuebin TI CHALLENGES IN QUANTIFYING CHANGES IN THE GLOBAL WATER CYCLE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EXPLAINING EXTREME EVENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; TROPICAL PRECIPITATION; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; SURFACE HUMIDITY; INTENSE PRECIPITATION; REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE C1 [Hegerl, Gabriele C.; Polson, Debbie] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Grant Inst, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Black, Emily; Allan, Richard P.; Sarojini, Beena Balan; Liu, Chunlei; Vidale, Pier-Luigi; Wilcox, Laura J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci Climate, Reading, Berks, England. [Ingram, William J.; Chadwick, Robin S.; Kendon, Elizabeth J.; Stott, Peter A.; Willett, Kate M.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Ingram, William J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Trenberth, Kevin E.; Dai, Aiguo] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Arkin, Phillip A.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Becker, Andreas] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. [Dai, Aiguo] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Durack, Paul J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. [Durack, Paul J.; Wijffels, Susan E.] CSIRO, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Easterling, David] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Fowler, Hayley J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Huffman, George J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Marsh, Robert; Skliris, Nikolaos] Univ Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton, Hants, England. [New, Mark] Univ Cape Town, ZA-7700 Cape Town, South Africa. [Osborn, Timothy J.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Zhang, Xuebin] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Hegerl, GC (reprint author), Grant Inst, GeoSci, Kings Bldg,James Hutton Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, Midlothian, Scotland. EM gabi.hegerl@ed.ac.uk RI Trenberth, Kevin/A-5683-2012; Allan, Richard/B-5782-2008; Dai, Aiguo/D-3487-2009; New, Mark/A-7684-2008; Huffman, George/F-4494-2014; Durack, Paul/A-8758-2010; Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016; OI Trenberth, Kevin/0000-0002-1445-1000; Allan, Richard/0000-0003-0264-9447; Fowler, Hayley/0000-0001-8848-3606; New, Mark/0000-0001-6082-8879; Huffman, George/0000-0003-3858-8308; Durack, Paul/0000-0003-2835-1438; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686; Vidale, Pier Luigi/0000-0002-1800-8460; Marsh, Robert/0000-0002-1051-8749 FU U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/I006672/1]; DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NERC [NE/I00680X/1]; NCAS; NASA [NNX11AG69G]; PAGODA project of the Changing Water Cycle programme of NERC [NE/I006672/1]; ERC [EC320691]; NSF [AGS-1353740]; Wolfson Foundation; Royal Society as Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award [WM140025, WM130060]; European Research Council (TITAN) [ERC-2012-AdG 320691]; CONVEX project of the Changing Water Cycle programme of NERC [NE/I006680/1]; European Research Council FX We thank several anonymous reviewers for their helpful and perceptive suggestions. The workshop that formed the basis for this paper was funded by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (NERC Grant NE/I006672/1). We thank Eleanor Blyth and David Parker for comments. Robin Chadwick, Kate Willett, William Ingram, Lizzie Kendon, and Peter Stott were supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). Paul Durack is supported by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and William Ingram is partly supported by NERC Grant NE/I00680X/1. Gabi Hegerl and Richard Allan are partly supported by NCAS. Kevin Trenberth is supported by NASA Grant NNX11AG69G. P. L. Vidale, R. P. Allan, B. Balan Sarojini, C. Liu, E. Black, P. Stott, G. Hegerl, D. Polson, R. Marsh, N. Skliris, and Laura Wilcox are supported by the PAGODA project of the Changing Water Cycle programme of NERC under Grant NE/I006672/1. G. Hegerl and D. Polson are supported by the ERC Grant EC320691. A. Dai acknowledges the support of NSF Grant AGS-1353740. H. J. Fowler and G. Hegerl are funded by the Wolfson Foundation and the Royal Society as Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award (WM140025 and WM130060, respectively) holders. G. Hegerl is further supported by the European Research Council (TITAN, ERC-2012-AdG 320691). H. J. Fowler is supported by the CONVEX project of the Changing Water Cycle programme of NERC under Grant NE/I006680/1 and European Research Council funded INTENSE (ERC-2013-CoG). NR 164 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 13 U2 60 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1097 EP 1115 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP4LX UT WOS:000359854600004 ER PT J AU Kossin, JP Karl, TR Knutson, TR Emanuel, KA Kunkel, KE O'Brien, JJ AF Kossin, James P. Karl, Thomas R. Knutson, Thomas R. Emanuel, Kerry A. Kunkel, Kenneth E. O'Brien, James J. TI Reply to "Comments on 'Monitoring and Understanding Trends in Extreme Storms: State of Knowledge'" SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter ID ATLANTIC HURRICANE DATABASE; REANALYSIS C1 [Kossin, James P.; Karl, Thomas R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Knutson, Thomas R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Emanuel, Kerry A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [O'Brien, James J.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Kossin, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RI Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 96 IS 7 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00261.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP4MB UT WOS:000359855000003 ER PT J AU Colgan, W Sommers, A Rajaram, H Abdalati, W Frahm, J AF Colgan, William Sommers, Aleah Rajaram, Harihar Abdalati, Waleed Frahm, Joel TI Considering thermal-viscous collapse of the Greenland ice sheet SO EARTHS FUTURE LA English DT Article DE Greenland; ice sheet; sea level rise; climate change; viscosity; thermal ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; ANNUAL GLACIOHYDROLOGY CYCLE; WEST GREENLAND; MELTWATER DRAINAGE; JAKOBSHAVN ISBRAE; SUBGLACIAL LAKE; ABLATION ZONE; MASS-BALANCE; FLOW; MODEL AB We explore potential changes in Greenland ice sheet form and flow associated with increasing ice temperatures and relaxing effective ice viscosities. We define thermal-viscous collapse as a transition from the polythermal ice sheet temperature distribution characteristic of the Holocene to temperate ice at the pressure melting point and associated lower viscosities. The conceptual model of thermal-viscous collapse we present is dependent on: (1) sufficient energy available in future meltwater runoff, (2) routing of meltwater to the bed of the ice sheet interior, and (3) efficient energy transfer from meltwater to the ice. Although we do not attempt to constrain the probability of thermal-viscous collapse, it appears thermodynamically plausible to warm the deepest 15% of the ice sheet, where the majority of deformational shear occurs, to the pressure melting point within four centuries. First-order numerical modeling of an end-member scenario, in which prescribed ice temperatures are warmed at an imposed rate of 0.05 K/a, infers a decrease in ice sheet volume of 5 2% within five centuries of initiating collapse. This is equivalent to a cumulative sea-level rise contribution of 33 18 cm. The vast majority of the sea-level rise contribution associated with thermal-viscous collapse, however, would likely be realized over subsequent millennia. C1 [Colgan, William] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Colgan, William; Abdalati, Waleed] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sommers, Aleah; Rajaram, Harihar] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Frahm, Joel] Univ Colorado, Res Comp, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Colgan, W (reprint author), Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark. EM wic@geus.dk RI Colgan, William/H-1570-2014 OI Colgan, William/0000-0001-6334-1660 FU DFF award [FNU 11-115166]; NASA ROSES award [NNX12AB72G]; NSF [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder FX We warmly thank Stephen Price for providing the CISM ice temperature field to initialize our simulations [Price et al., 2011], as well as for reading an earlier version of this manuscript. Shelley Knuth provided great assistance interfacing with the Janus Supercomputer. We also thank Michael Ellis for serving as editor, as well as two anonymous reviewers, whose comments were particularly motivating. This work was supported by DFF award FNU 11-115166 to W.C. and NASA ROSES award NNX12AB72G to H.R. This work utilized the Janus Supercomputer, which is supported by NSF award CNS-0821794 and the University of Colorado Boulder. The Janus Supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD JUL PY 2015 VL 3 IS 7 BP 252 EP 267 DI 10.1002/2015EF000301 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP5DT UT WOS:000359902200003 PM 27819011 ER PT J AU Shi, W Wang, MH AF Shi, Wei Wang, Menghua TI Decadal changes of water properties in the Aral Sea observed by MODIS-Aqua SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE OCEAN COLOR; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION ALGORITHM; LEAVING RADIANCE; BOHAI SEA; OPTICAL PROPERTY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; REFLECTANCE; SEAWIFS; VARIABILITY; COASTAL AB Twelve-year satellite observations between 2002 and 2013 from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the satellite Aqua are used to quantitatively assess the water property changes in the Aral Sea. The shortwave infrared (SWIR) atmospheric correction algorithm is required and used to derive normalized water-leaving radiance spectra nL(w)(lambda) in the Aral Sea. We used radiance ratio nL(w)(555)/nL(w)(443) as a surrogate to characterize the spatial and temporal variations of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in the Aral Sea. Both seasonal variability and significant interannual changes were observed when the Aral Sea desiccated between 2002 and 2013. All three separated regions of the Aral Sea show increased nL(w)(555)/nL(w)(443) ratio (a surrogate for Chl-a) and the diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm (K-d(490)) during the fall season. Of the three regions, the North Aral Sea has had the least interannual variability, while South-East (SE) Aral Sea experienced drastic changes. Waters in the SE Aral Sea are the most turbid with significantly higher K-d(490) than those in the other two subregions. K-d(490) gradually increased from similar to 2 m(-1) in 2002 to similar to 3.5 m(-1) after 2008 in the SE Aral Sea. In comparison, both radiance ratio nL(w)(555)/nL(w)(443) and K-d(490) were relatively stable for the North Aral Sea. In the SouthWest (SW) Aral Sea, however, nL(w)(555)/nL(w)(443) values reached peaks in the fall of 2007 and 2010. A possible link between the Aral Sea water property change and the regional climate variation is also discussed. C1 [Shi, Wei; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Wei.1.Shi@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL PY 2015 VL 120 IS 7 BP 4687 EP 4708 DI 10.1002/2015JC010937 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CP3JU UT WOS:000359776000006 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, L Bromirski, PD Miller, AJ Arcas, D Flick, RE Hendershott, MC AF Rasmussen, L. Bromirski, P. D. Miller, A. J. Arcas, D. Flick, R. E. Hendershott, M. C. TI Source location impact on relative tsunami strength along the US West Coast SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; EDGE WAVES; PACIFIC; EARTHQUAKE AB Tsunami propagation simulations are used to identify which tsunami source locations would produce the highest amplitude waves on approach to key population centers along the U.S. West Coast. The reasons for preferential influence of certain remote excitation sites are explored by examining model time sequences of tsunami wave patterns emanating from the source. Distant bathymetric features in the West and Central Pacific can redirect tsunami energy into narrow paths with anomalously large wave height that have disproportionate impact on small areas of coastline. The source region generating the waves can be as little as 100 km along a subduction zone, resulting in distinct source-target pairs with sharply amplified wave energy at the target. Tsunami spectral ratios examined for transects near the source, after crossing the West Pacific, and on approach to the coast illustrate how prominent bathymetric features alter wave spectral distributions, and relate to both the timing and magnitude of waves approaching shore. To contextualize the potential impact of tsunamis from high-amplitude source-target pairs, the source characteristics of major historical earthquakes and tsunamis in 1960, 1964, and 2011 are used to generate comparable events originating at the highest-amplitude source locations for each coastal target. This creates a type of ``worst-case scenario,'' a replicate of each region's historically largest earthquake positioned at the fault segment that would produce the most incoming tsunami energy at each target port. An amplification factor provides a measure of how the incoming wave height from the worst-case source compares to the historical event. C1 [Rasmussen, L.; Bromirski, P. D.; Miller, A. J.; Hendershott, M. C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Arcas, D.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Ctr Tsunami Res, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Arcas, D.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Flick, R. E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Boating & Waterways, Calif Dept Pk & Recreat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Rasmussen, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM raz@ucsd.edu FU California Department of Parks and Recreation, Division of Boating and Waterways Oceanography Program FX Tsunami model data for unit sources are available from NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, Propagation Model Database (http://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/propagation-database.html). Coordinates for all unit sources and corresponding wave heights at the six target sites can be found in supporting information Table S1. Thanks are extended to the reviewers for their helpful suggestions. This study was funded by the California Department of Parks and Recreation, Division of Boating and Waterways Oceanography Program to support the boating facilities development, access, safety, education, and beach erosion control and restoration missions of the Department. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL PY 2015 VL 120 IS 7 BP 4945 EP 4961 DI 10.1002/2015JC010718 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CP3JU UT WOS:000359776000018 ER PT J AU Baeder, MA Cohl, HS Volkmer, H AF Baeder, Michael A. Cohl, Howard S. Volkmer, Hans TI Generalizations of generating functions for higher continuous hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials in the Askey scheme SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Orthogonal polynomials; Generating functions; Connection coefficients; Generalized hypergeometric functions; Eigenfunction expansions; Definite integrals AB We use connection relations and series rearrangement to generalize generating functions for several higher continuous orthogonal polynomials in the Askey scheme, namely the Wilson, continuous dual Hahn, continuous Hahn, and Meixner-Pollaczek polynomials. We also determine corresponding definite integrals using the orthogonality relations for these polynomials. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Baeder, Michael A.] Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Math, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Cohl, Howard S.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Volkmer, Hans] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mbaeder@hmc.edu; howard.cohl@nist.gov; volkmer@uwm.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-247X EI 1096-0813 J9 J MATH ANAL APPL JI J. Math. Anal. Appl. PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 427 IS 1 BP 377 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.jmaa.2015.01.074 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA CP4SN UT WOS:000359873000024 ER PT J AU Shen, HT Bendersky, LA Young, K Nei, J AF Shen, Haoting Bendersky, Leonid A. Young, Kwo Nei, Jean TI Fine Structure in Multi-Phase Zr8Ni21-Zr7Ni10-Zr2Ni7 Alloy Revealed by Transmission Electron Microscope SO MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE intermetallics; nanocrystalline structure; microstructure; planar faults; scanning electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy ID METAL HYDRIDE ALLOYS; HYDROGEN STORAGE; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ZR8NI19X2 X; AL; CO; MN; NICKEL; PHASE; SN AB The microstructure of an annealed alloy with a Zr8Ni21 composition was studied by both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The presence of three phases, Zr8Ni21, Zr2Ni7, and Zr7Ni10, was confirmed by SEM/X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy compositional mapping and TEM electron diffraction. Distribution of the phases and their morphology can be linked to a multi-phase structure formed by a sequence of reactions: (1) L Zr2Ni7 + L'; (2) peritectic Zr2Ni7 + L' Zr2Ni7 + Zr8Ni21 + L; (3) eutectic L Zr8Ni21 + Zr7Ni10. The effect of annealing at 960 degrees C, which was intended to convert a cast structure into a single-phase Zr8Ni21 structure, was only moderate and the resulting alloy was still multi-phased. TEM and crystallographic analysis of the Zr2Ni7 phase show a high density of planar (001) defects that were explained as low-energy boundaries between rotational variants and stacking faults. The crystallographic features arise from the pseudo-hexagonal structure of Zr2Ni7. This highly defective Zr2Ni7 phase was identified as the source of the broad X-ray diffraction peaks at around 38.4 degrees and 44.6 degrees when a Cu-K was used as the radiation source. C1 [Shen, Haoting; Young, Kwo; Nei, Jean] BASF Ovon, Rochester Hills, MI 48309 USA. [Shen, Haoting; Bendersky, Leonid A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Young, K (reprint author), BASF Ovon, 2983 Waterview Dr, Rochester Hills, MI 48309 USA. EM haoting.shen@nist.gov; leoben@nist.gov; kwo.young@basf.com; jean.nei@basf.com FU ARPA-E under the robust affordable next generation EV-storage (RANGE) program [DE-AR0000386] FX This work is financially supported by ARPA-E under the robust affordable next generation EV-storage (RANGE) program (DE-AR0000386). NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD JUL PY 2015 VL 8 IS 7 BP 4618 EP 4630 DI 10.3390/ma8074618 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CP5CG UT WOS:000359898300056 ER PT J AU Pan, L Chai, H Kinghorn, AD Carter, GT AF Pan, L. Chai, H. Kinghorn, A. D. Carter, G. T. TI Diverse oligopeptides isolated from aquatic microbial consortia SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY JUL 25-29, 2015 CL CO SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Pan, L.; Chai, H.; Kinghorn, A. D.] Ohio State Univ, Div Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, Coll Pharm, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Carter, G. T.] Biosortia Pharmaceut, Dublin, OH 43017 USA. [Carter, G. T.] NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 81 IS 11 MA PT26 BP 922 EP 922 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA CP6AP UT WOS:000359967000319 ER PT J AU van der Laan-Luijkx, IT van der Velde, IR Krol, MC Gatti, LV Domingues, LG Correia, CSC Miller, JB Gloor, M van Leeuwen, TT Kaiser, JW Wiedinmyer, C Basu, S Clerbaux, C Peters, W AF van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T. van der Velde, I. R. Krol, M. C. Gatti, L. V. Domingues, L. G. Correia, C. S. C. Miller, J. B. Gloor, M. van Leeuwen, T. T. Kaiser, J. W. Wiedinmyer, C. Basu, S. Clerbaux, C. Peters, W. TI Response of the Amazon carbon balance to the 2010 drought derived with CarbonTracker South America SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE carbon balance; Amazon; drought; biomass burning; net biome exchange; CO2 ID ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION; GLOBAL FIRE EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; RAIN-FOREST; VERTICAL PROFILES; MODEL TM5; BIOMASS; FLUXES; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY AB Two major droughts in the past decade had large impacts on carbon exchange in the Amazon. Recent analysis of vertical profile measurements of atmospheric CO2 and CO by Gatti et al. (2014) suggests that the 2010 drought turned the normally close-to-neutral annual Amazon carbon balance into a substantial source of nearly 0.5 PgC/yr, revealing a strong drought response. In this study, we revisit this hypothesis and interpret not only the same CO2/CO vertical profile measurements but also additional constraints on carbon exchange such as satellite observations of CO, burned area, and fire hot spots. The results from our CarbonTracker South America data assimilation system suggest that carbon uptake by vegetation was indeed reduced in 2010 but that the magnitude of the decrease strongly depends on the estimated 2010 and 2011 biomass burning emissions. We have used fire products based on burned area (Global Fire Emissions Database version 4), satellite-observed CO columns (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer), fire radiative power (Global Fire Assimilation System version 1), and fire hot spots (Fire Inventory from NCAR version 1), and found an increase in biomass burning emissions in 2010 compared to 2011 of 0.16 to 0.24 PgC/yr. We derived a decrease of biospheric uptake ranging from 0.08 to 0.26 PgC/yr, with the range determined from a set of alternative inversions using different biomass burning estimates. Our numerical analysis of the 2010 Amazon drought results in a total reduction of carbon uptake of 0.24 to 0.50 PgC/yr and turns the balance from carbon sink to source. Our findings support the suggestion that the hydrological cycle will be an important driver of future changes in Amazonian carbon exchange. C1 [van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T.; van der Velde, I. R.; Krol, M. C.; Peters, W.] Wageningen Univ, Meteorol & Air Qual, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Krol, M. C.; van Leeuwen, T. T.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krol, M. C.; van Leeuwen, T. T.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Gatti, L. V.; Domingues, L. G.; Correia, C. S. C.] Ctr Quim Ambiental, Inst Pesquisas Energet & Nucl IPEN, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Miller, J. B.; Basu, S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, J. B.; Basu, S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gloor, M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [van Leeuwen, T. T.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Kaiser, J. W.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Wiedinmyer, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Clerbaux, C.] Univ Paris 06, Univ Versailles St Quentin En Yvelines, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Peters, W.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. RP van der Laan-Luijkx, IT (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Meteorol & Air Qual, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. EM ingrid.vanderlaan@wur.nl RI Kaiser, Johannes/A-7057-2012; van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/G-9169-2011; Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; Gatti, Luciana/J-8569-2012; Domingues, Lucas/E-4730-2015; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013 OI Kaiser, Johannes/0000-0003-3696-9123; van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/0000-0002-3990-6737; Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070; Domingues, Lucas/0000-0003-4868-917X; FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; GEOCARBON project (EU FP7 grant) [283080]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [SH-060-13]; MACC-III project (EU) [H2020, 633080]; AMAZONICA NERC grant [NE/F005806/1] FX The authors would like to thank the contributing laboratories to the ObsPack data product prototype version 1.0.4 for their efforts in performing the high precision atmospheric CO2 measurements at the various locations worldwide. We would specifically like to thank the contributing persons from the following laboratories of which we have assimilated the CO2 observations in CT-SAM: Insituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN, Brazil), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (U.S.A.), Environment Canada (Canada), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE, France) and the RAMCES team (Reseau Atmospherique de Mesure des Composes a Effet de Serre, France), National Center For Atmospheric Research (U.S.A.), University of Bern (Switzerland), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (U.S.A.), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (U.S.A.), University of Groningen (the Netherlands), Finnish Meteorological Institute (Finland), Meteorological State Agency of Spain (Spain), and the Hungarian Meteorological Service (Hungary). Observations collected in the U.S. Southern Great Plains (SGP) were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM). The biomass burning data used for this study are available from the GFED4 (http://www.globalfiredata.org), GFASv1 (https://www.gmesatmosphere.eu/fire/), and FINNv1 (http://bai.acd.ucar.edu/Data/fire/) databases. IASI was developed and built under the responsibility of Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and flies onboard the MetOp satellite as part of the Eumetsat Polar system. The authors acknowledge the Ether French atmospheric database (http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr) for distributing the IASI L1C and L2-CO data. SiBCASA and CarbonTracker model results as presented in this paper are available upon request (ingrid.vanderlaan@wur.nl). This research has been financially supported by the GEOCARBON project (EU FP7 grant agreement: 283080) and a grant for computing time (SH-060-13) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). J. W. Kaiser is funded by the MACC-III project (EU H2020 grant agreement 633080). We furthermore acknowledge the AMAZONICA NERC grant NE/F005806/1 which funded a substantial part of the greenhouse gas measurements over the Amazon used in this paper. The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 66 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUL PY 2015 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1092 EP 1108 DI 10.1002/2014GB005082 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP3VJ UT WOS:000359810400011 ER PT J AU Carvalho, F Ahrens, R Murie, D Bigelow, K Aires-Da-Silva, A Maunder, MN Hazin, F AF Carvalho, Felipe Ahrens, Robert Murie, Debra Bigelow, Keith Aires-Da-Silva, Alexandre Maunder, Mark N. Hazin, Fabio TI Using pop-up satellite archival tags to inform selectivity in fisheries stock assessment models: a case study for the blue shark in the South Atlantic Ocean SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Ocean; blue shark; PSATs; selectivity; spatial variability; stock assessment ID PRIONACE-GLAUCA; STATISTICAL FRAMEWORK; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GEAR SELECTIVITY; PELAGIC SHARKS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; AGE; CATCH; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY AB Selectivity has traditionally been well estimated internally in stock assessment models when length or age composition data are available. However, in stock assessment, temporal or spatial variation in fishery or stock structure can lead to misspecification of the selectivity pattern, which can contribute substantially to the uncertainty in stock assessment results. Consequently, generating auxiliary information to help stock assessment scientists avoid unrealistic specifications of selectivity patterns should be encouraged. Here, we combine data from pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) deployed on blue sharks in the South Atlantic Ocean, and information on maximum pelagic longline fishing depths, to introduce an alternative approach for estimating selectivity of fishing gear. Further, we present how this externally estimated tag-based selectivity can be used to inform the most appropriate form of selectivity curves (e.g. asymptotic or dome-shaped) in a spatially structured stock assessment model for the South Atlantic blue shark population. The estimated tag-based selectivity showed substantially different selectivity patterns within the area of the assessed stock, in one area the depth range of the longline gear is inhabited mostly by adults, which is consistent with an asymptotic selectivity. In another area, the overlap shifts to younger ages, with older sharks located in deeper waters, consequently the expected selectivity is more dome-shaped. To account for this variability in the stock assessment model, we assigned fishing fleets with different selectivity patterns. The form of the selectivity curve assigned for each fleet was based on the tag-based selectivity estimates for the area of where that fleet operates. The assessment model demonstrated relatively good fit to the data and that the estimated management quantities were robust. This study provides additional evidence that externally derived estimates of selectivity using PSATs data can assist implementing stock assessments that capture some of the spatial variability of pelagic fish species. C1 [Carvalho, Felipe; Ahrens, Robert; Murie, Debra] Univ Florida, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Bigelow, Keith] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Aires-Da-Silva, Alexandre; Maunder, Mark N.] Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Maunder, Mark N.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Adv Populat Assessment Methodol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hazin, Fabio] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Pesca, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. RP Carvalho, F (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM felipe.carvalho@noaa.gov FU Program of Fisheries and Aquatic Science; School of Forest Resources and Conservation of the University of Florida FX We thank the Brazilian Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture for providing the set-by-set catch and effort data from the Brazilian longline fishery. We are also grateful to the Program of Fisheries and Aquatic Science and the School of Forest Resources and Conservation of the University of Florida for the Alumni Scholarship Award provided to FC. Daryl Parkyn (UF Program of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences), John Carlson (NOAA Fisheries, Panama City, FL), and the three anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their constructive comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge Steve Martell (International Pacific Halibut Commission) and Catarina Wor (University of British Columbia) for help coding the statistical catch-at-age model in ADMB. We also wish to acknowledge the contributions of all the people who have been involved in the Southwest Atlantic blue shark tagging project in particular George Burgess (Florida Program for Shark Research), Dimas Gianuca (Project Albatroz-Brazil), Paulo Travassos and Mariana Travassos (Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco), Diogo Martins and Humberto Hazin (Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido), Santiago Montealegre-Quijano (Universidade Estadual Paulista), Alberto Ferreira de Amorim (Instituto de Pesca - Governo do Estado de Sao Paulo), Bruno Leite Mourato (Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo), and Pedro Afonso (Universidade dos Acores-Portugal). NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1715 EP 1730 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv026 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CP2GW UT WOS:000359696500001 ER PT J AU Shelton, AO Hutchings, JA Waples, RS Keith, DM Akcakaya, HR Dulvy, NK AF Shelton, Andrew Olaf Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Waples, Robin S. Keith, David M. Akcakaya, H. Resit Dulvy, Nicholas K. TI Maternal age effects on Atlantic cod recruitment and implications for future population trajectories SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE age-structure; age truncation; maternal effects; recruitment; Ricker; productivity ID GADUS-MORHUA; SPAWNING-STOCK; FISH POPULATIONS; STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; REFERENCE POINTS; LARVAL SURVIVAL; BALTIC COD; FLUCTUATIONS; CLIMATE; MANAGEMENT AB Exploited fish populations frequently exhibit truncated age-structure. To address a basic question in fisheries science and conservation biology-how does age truncation affect population dynamics and productivity?-we explored the effect of age-structure on recruitment dynamics of ten stocks of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Based on six alternative stock-recruitment relationships, we compared models that included and excluded maternal age-structure effects on recruitment. In all ten stocks, a recruitment model that included a maternal age-dependent effect was preferred over the standard Ricker model and in seven of the ten stocks, the preferred statistical model included a positive effect of either maternal age or mass on recruitment. Simulations comparing standard and maternal age dependent recruitment two decades into the future suggest that the inclusion of maternal age in recruitment models has little effect on projected biomasses. However, this similarity in biomass trajectory masked an increased sensitivity of populations with maternal age-dependent recruitment to stock age-structure. In particular, simulations with maternal age-dependent recruitment responded strongly to changes in fishing mortality on the oldest age classes, while simulations using standard recruitment models did not. Populations with maternal age-dependent recruitment can exhibit increased biomass catch even if fishing mortality on older individuals was reduced. Overall, simulations suggested that the influence of maternal age on population dynamics are more nuanced than suggested by previous research and indicate that careful consideration of the effects of age-structure on populations may lead to substantially different fisheries management reference points-particularly with respect to age-specific fishing mortality-than classical models. While these results suggest a link between maternal age and population productivity, future research requires the incorporation of biologically reasonable and empirically defensible mechanisms to clarify the effect of age on population dynamics. C1 [Shelton, Andrew Olaf] NOAA, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.; Keith, David M.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Oslo, Norway. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Akcakaya, H. Resit] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, New York, NY USA. [Dulvy, Nicholas K.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Shelton, AO (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM ole.shelton@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016; OI Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), Santa Barbara, CA, USA FX We thank four anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. M. Mangel and W. Satterthwaite provided comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. This is a contribution from the "Red Flags and Species Endangerment" working group, sponsored by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), Santa Barbara, CA, USA. We thank working group members, S.H.M. Butchart, B. Collen, E.E. Holmes, D.A. Keinath, M.K. Schwartz, and M. Nammack, for helpful discussion and comments. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1769 EP 1778 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv058 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CP2GW UT WOS:000359696500005 ER PT J AU Marra, JF Dickey, TD Plueddemann, AJ Weller, RA Kinkade, CS Stramska, M AF Marra, John F. Dickey, Tommy D. Plueddemann, Albert J. Weller, Robert A. Kinkade, Christopher S. Stramska, Malgorzata TI Phytoplankton bloom phenomena in the North Atlantic Ocean and Arabian Sea SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Arabian Sea; critical depth; North Atlantic; spring bloom; Sverdrup; zooplankton grazing ID MIXED LAYERS EXPERIMENT; CRITICAL-DEPTH; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SPRING BLOOM; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; CONVECTION; INITIATION; SVERDRUP; SENSORS AB We review bio-optical and physical data from three mooring experiments, the Marine Light-Mixed Layers programme in spring 1989 and 1991 in the Iceland Basin (59 degrees N/21 degrees W), and the Forced Upper Ocean Dynamics Experiment in the central Arabian Sea from October 1994 to 1995 (15.5 degrees N/61.5 degrees E). In the Iceland Basin, from mid-April to mid-June in 1989, chlorophyll-a concentrations are sensitive to small changes in stratification, with intermittent increases early in the record. The spring increase occurs after 20 May, coincident with persistent water column stratification. In 1991, the bloom occurs 2 weeks earlier than in 1989, with a background of strong short-term and diurnal variability in mixed layer depth and minimal horizontal advection. In the Arabian Sea, the mixing response to the northeast and southwest monsoons, plus the response to mesoscale eddies, produces four blooms over the annual cycle. The mixed layer depth in the Arabian Sea never exceeds the euphotic zone, allowing interactions between phytoplankton and grazer populations to become important. For all three mooring experiments, change in water column stratification is key in producing phytoplankton blooms. C1 [Marra, John F.] CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Dickey, Tommy D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ocean Phys Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Plueddemann, Albert J.; Weller, Robert A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kinkade, Christopher S.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Stramska, Malgorzata] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland. RP Marra, JF (reprint author), CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. EM jfm7780@brooklyn.cuny.edu NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 72 IS 6 BP 2021 EP 2028 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu241 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CP2GW UT WOS:000359696500027 ER PT J AU Gerberding, O Diekmann, C Kullmann, J Trobs, M Bykov, I Barke, S Brause, NC Delgado, JJE Schwarze, TS Reiche, J Danzmann, K Rasmussen, T Hansen, TV Enggaard, A Pedersen, SM Jennrich, O Suess, M Sodnik, Z Heinzel, G AF Gerberding, Oliver Diekmann, Christian Kullmann, Joachim Troebs, Michael Bykov, Ioury Barke, Simon Brause, Nils Christopher Delgado, Juan Jose Esteban Schwarze, Thomas S. Reiche, Jens Danzmann, Karsten Rasmussen, Torben Hansen, Torben Vendt Enggaard, Anders Pedersen, Soren Moller Jennrich, Oliver Suess, Martin Sodnik, Zoran Heinzel, Gerhard TI Readout for intersatellite laser interferometry: Measuring low frequency phase fluctuations of high-frequency signals with microradian precision SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NOISE AB Precision phase readout of optical beat note signals is one of the core techniques required for inter-satellite laser interferometry. Future space based gravitational wave detectors like eLISA require such a readout over a wide range of MHz frequencies, due to orbit induced Doppler shifts, with a precision in the order of mu rad/root Hz at frequencies between 0.1 mHz and 1 Hz. In this paper, we present phase readout systems, so-called phasemeters, that are able to achieve such precisions and we discuss various means that have been employed to reduce noise in the analogue circuit domain and during digitisation. We also discuss the influence of some non-linear noise sources in the analogue domain of such phasemeters. And finally, we present the performance that was achieved during testing of the elegant breadboard model of the LISA phasemeter, which was developed in the scope of a European Space Agency technology development activity. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Gerberding, Oliver; Diekmann, Christian; Kullmann, Joachim; Troebs, Michael; Bykov, Ioury; Barke, Simon; Brause, Nils Christopher; Delgado, Juan Jose Esteban; Schwarze, Thomas S.; Reiche, Jens; Danzmann, Karsten; Heinzel, Gerhard] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Gerberding, Oliver; Diekmann, Christian; Kullmann, Joachim; Troebs, Michael; Bykov, Ioury; Barke, Simon; Brause, Nils Christopher; Delgado, Juan Jose Esteban; Schwarze, Thomas S.; Reiche, Jens; Danzmann, Karsten; Heinzel, Gerhard] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Rasmussen, Torben; Hansen, Torben Vendt; Enggaard, Anders] Axcon ApS, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Pedersen, Soren Moller] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Jennrich, Oliver; Suess, Martin; Sodnik, Zoran] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Gerberding, O (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM contact@olivergerberding.com OI Bykov, Iouri/0000-0003-4805-2072 FU European Space Agency (ESA); International Max-Planck Research School for Gravitational Wave Astronomy (IMPRS-GW); Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST); Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie [50 OQ 0601] FX We acknowledge funding by the European Space Agency (ESA) within the technology development project "LISA Metrology System" and "Optical Bench Development for LISA." The authors also gratefully acknowledge support by the International Max-Planck Research School for Gravitational Wave Astronomy (IMPRS-GW), by the Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), and by Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) with funding from the Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie (Project Reference No. 50 OQ 0601). NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 86 IS 7 AR 074501 DI 10.1063/1.4927071 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CO1SB UT WOS:000358934400060 PM 26233398 ER PT J AU Long, CJ Cannara, RJ AF Long, Christian J. Cannara, Rachel J. TI Modular apparatus for electrostatic actuation of common atomic force microscope cantilevers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; SENSOR; PROBE; TIP AB Piezoelectric actuation of atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers often suffers from spurious mechanical resonances in the loop between the signal driving the cantilever and the actual tip motion. These spurious resonances can reduce the accuracy of AFM measurements and in some cases completely obscure the cantilever response. To address these limitations, we developed a specialized AFM cantilever holder for electrostatic actuation of AFM cantilevers. The holder contains electrical contacts for the AFM cantilever chip, as well as an electrode (or electrodes) that may be precisely positioned with respect to the back of the cantilever. By controlling the voltages on the AFM cantilever and the actuation electrode(s), an electrostatic force is applied directly to the cantilever, providing a near-ideal transfer function from drive signal to tip motion. We demonstrate both static and dynamic actuations, achieved through the application of direct current and alternating current voltage schemes, respectively. As an example application, we explore contact resonance atomic force microscopy, which is a technique for measuring the mechanical properties of surfaces on the sub-micron length scale. Using multiple electrodes, we also show that the torsional resonances of the AFM cantilever may be excited electrostatically, opening the door for advanced dynamic lateral force measurements with improved accuracy and precision. (C) 2015 Author(s). C1 [Long, Christian J.; Cannara, Rachel J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Long, Christian J.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Long, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christian.long@nist.gov FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX The authors are grateful to Fred Sharifi, Donna Hurley, and Jason Killgore for insightful and invaluable discussions and feedback on this work. We also thank Donna Hurley and Gene Hilton for providing the Ti/Si sample used for contact resonance measurements. C.J.L. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 86 IS 7 AR 073703 DI 10.1063/1.4926431 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CO1SB UT WOS:000358934400054 PM 26233392 ER PT J AU Proctor, JE Smith, AW Jung, TM Woods, SI AF Proctor, J. E. Smith, A. W. Jung, T. M. Woods, S. I. TI High-gain cryogenic amplifier assembly employing a commercial CMOS operational amplifier SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RADIOMETER; DETECTORS; TRANSISTOR; SENSORS AB We have developed a cryogenic amplifier for the measurement of small current signals (10 fA-100 nA) from cryogenic optical detectors. Typically operated with gain near 10(7) V/A, the amplifier performs well from DC to greater than 30 kHz and exhibits noise level near the Johnson limit. Care has been taken in the design and materials to control heat flow and temperatures throughout the entire detector-amplifier assembly. A simple one-board version of the amplifier assembly dissipates 8 mW to our detector cryostat cold stage, and a two-board version can dissipate as little as 17 mu W to the detector cold stage. With current noise baseline of about 10 fA/(Hz)(1/2), the cryogenic amplifier is generally useful for cooled infrared detectors, and using blocked impurity band detectors operated at 10 K, the amplifier enables noise power levels of 2.5 fW/(Hz)(1/2) for detection of optical wavelengths near 10 mu m. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Proctor, J. E.; Jung, T. M.] Jung Res & Dev Corp, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Smith, A. W.] L1 Stand & Technol Inc, New Windsor, MD 21776 USA. [Woods, S. I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Proctor, JE (reprint author), Jung Res & Dev Corp, 3807 Porter St NW 304, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 86 IS 7 AR 073102 DI 10.1063/1.4923277 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CO1SB UT WOS:000358934400013 PM 26233351 ER PT J AU Devineni, N Lall, U Xi, C Ward, P AF Devineni, Naresh Lall, Upmanu Xi, Chen Ward, Philip TI Scaling of extreme rainfall areas at a planetary scale SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID POWER-LAW DISTRIBUTIONS; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; RUNOFF; FLOODS; FLOWS AB Event magnitude and area scaling relationships for rainfall over different regions of the world have been presented in the literature for relatively short durations and over relatively small areas. In this paper, we present the first ever results on a global analysis of the scaling characteristics of extreme rainfall areas for durations ranging from 1 to 30 days. Broken power law models are fit in each case. The past work has been focused largely on the time and space scales associated with local and regional convection. The work presented here suggests that power law scaling may also apply to planetary scale phenomenon, such as frontal and monsoonal systems, and their interaction with local moisture recycling. Such features may have persistence over large areas corresponding to extreme rain and regional flood events. As a result, they lead to considerable hazard exposure. A caveat is that methods used for empirical power law identification have difficulties with edge effects due to finite domains. This leads to problems with robust model identification and interpretability of the underlying relationships. We use recent algorithms that aim to address some of these issues in a principled way. Theoretical research that could explain why such results may emerge across the world, as analyzed for the first time in this paper, is needed. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Devineni, Naresh] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Devineni, Naresh] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Lall, Upmanu] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lall, Upmanu] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Columbia Water Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Xi, Chen] Changjiang Water Resources Commiss, Bur Hydrol, Wuhan 430010, Peoples R China. [Xi, Chen] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Ward, Philip] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies IVM, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ward, Philip] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, AGCI, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Devineni, N (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM ndevineni@ccny.cuny.edu; ula2@columbia.edu RI Lall, Upmanu/B-7992-2009; Ward, Philip/E-6208-2010 OI Lall, Upmanu/0000-0003-0529-8128; FU American International Group (AIG); IPA from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX This work was partially supported by American International Group (AIG) under the "Climate Informed Global Flood Risk Assessment" project. U. Lall was also supported by an IPA from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUL PY 2015 VL 25 IS 7 AR 075407 DI 10.1063/1.4921719 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CO1OT UT WOS:000358925600029 PM 26232980 ER PT J AU Martinez-Takeshita, N Purcell, CM Chabot, CL Craig, MT Paterson, CN Hyde, JR Allen, LG AF Martinez-Takeshita, Natalie Purcell, Catherine M. Chabot, Chris L. Craig, Matthew T. Paterson, Corinne N. Hyde, John R. Allen, Larry G. TI A Tale of Three Tails: Cryptic Speciation in a Globally Distributed Marine Fish of the Genus Seriola SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; LALANDI VALENCIENNES 1833; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; REEF FISHES; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; KINGFISH AB Genetic data are increasingly being applied to re-evaluate past taxonomic hypotheses and better understand the evolutionary patterns and connectivity among regional populations of cosmopolitan species. This is of particular importance for heavily exploited, commercially important species. The phylogenetic structure of the Yellowtail Jack, Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, 1833, was investigated using genetic data from 42 individuals collected from California, the Pacific coast of Baja California (Mexico), the Gulf of California (Mexico), New Zealand, Japan, South Africa, and Chile. An analysis using S. dumerili as an outgroup and combining the sequences of two mitochondrial genes (CR and COI) and four nuclear genes (RAG2, EHHADH, UBE3A, MLL) was used to determine the level of genetic divergence among samples from different geographic regions. Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses utilizing combined mitochondrial gene (mtDNA) or nuclear gene (nucDNA) data supported the existence of multiple regionally restricted clades with mtDNA analysis identifying four major clades and nucDNA supporting three. Both mtDNA and nucDNA trees were very similar in topology, which was reflected in the combined total evidence phylogram. These clades were highly supported with Bayesian posterior and bootstrap probabilities ranging from 90 to 100 percent for the three major clades that were recovered in both mtDNA and nucDNA trees. These clades represent regionally specific specimens collected from the 1) Northeast Pacific, 2) Northwest Pacific, and 3) Southern Hemisphere. Morphometric analysis (MDS and ANOSIM) of available meristic data on the number of soft dorsal-fin rays, anal-fin rays, and total number of gill rakers separated specimens among the three regions identified by genetic analysis (P = 0.05). Based on the phylogenetic structure within this taxonomic unit as evidenced by genetic data and significant meristic differences among these regional lineages, we conclude that three cryptic species currently bear the name Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, 1833. We propose the resurrection of two currently available names based on nomenclatural priority. The Northwest Pacific species name should revert to Seriola aureovittata Temminck and Schlegel (1845) (type locality japan), and the Northeast Pacific species to Seriola dorsalis Gill (1863) (type locality Cabo San Lucas, Mexico). Serbia lalandi Valenciennes, 1833 (type locality Brazil) should apply only to the species in the Southern Hemisphere. C1 [Martinez-Takeshita, Natalie; Chabot, Chris L.; Paterson, Corinne N.; Allen, Larry G.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Biol, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Purcell, Catherine M.; Hyde, John R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Craig, Matthew T.] Univ San Diego, Dept Environm & Ocean Sci, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Allen, LG (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Biol, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM larry.allen@csun.edu FU NIH MBRS RISE program [2R25GM063787]; Nearshore Marine Fish Research Program, Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge; Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, La Jolla, California FX Yellowtail Jack specimens for this study from southern and Baja California were collected by the authors via hook and line sampling, and by M. Steele (CSUN) spear-fishing aboard various vessels (under the scientific collecting permit #000032 from the California Department of Fish and Game) including the FV Toronado, FV Aloha Spirit, FV Cobra, RV Yellowfin, FV Royal Polaris, various pangas, and from private sport fishermen. Specimens of Yellowtail Jack from Japan were collected by commercial fishermen and obtained through Naigai Foods, Inc. from Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan and from Dr. K. Saitoh, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science (Aquatic Genomics Research Center), Tokyo. Specimens from Chile were generously provided by the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Gobierno de Chile (MNHNC). Specimens from New Zealand were also collected by the senior author via hook and line sampling aboard the FV Pursuit and FV Earl Grey,, while those from South Africa were again obtained from R. Roodt-Wilding's Laboratory at Stellenbosch University (SUM), South Africa. Finally, K. Zilberberg and P. Coelhinho (Universidad Federal do Rio de Janeiro [MNRJ]) obtained a single specimen each of S. dumerili for us from off Brazil from a fish market in Rio de Janeiro. Also, we are greatly indebted to W. Smith-Vaniz (U.S. Geological Survey, retired) who generously provided advice, publications, and morphometric data from many individuals throughout the world including holotypes from the Southern Hemisphere and the data collected by F. Mather, III. Finally, the authors wish to thank M. Franklin for his special contributions to this work since its inception. Funds for this work were provided by the NIH MBRS RISE program (#2R25GM063787), M. Takeshita, the Nearshore Marine Fish Research Program, Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, and the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, La Jolla, California. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUL PY 2015 VL 103 IS 2 BP 357 EP 368 DI 10.1643/CI-124-224 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CN9GD UT WOS:000358754300010 ER PT J AU Barnas, KA Katz, SL Hamm, DE Diaz, MC Jordan, CE AF Barnas, Katie A. Katz, Stephen L. Hamm, David E. Diaz, Monica C. Jordan, Chris E. TI Is habitat restoration targeting relevant ecological needs for endangered species? Using Pacific Salmon as a case study SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE conservation plan; decentralized management; ecoinformatics; ecological concern; endangered species; habitat assessment; habitat restoration; limiting factor; Pacific salmon; recovery plan; text mining ID RIVER RESTORATION; WATERSHED RESTORATION; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; STREAM RESTORATION; JUVENILE SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION; DECENTRALIZATION; NORTHWEST; SCIENCE; PROJECT AB Conservation and recovery plans for endangered species around the world, including the US Endangered Species Act (ESA), rely on habitat assessments for data, conclusions and planning of short and long-term management strategies. In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, hundreds of millions of dollars ($US) per year are spent on thousands of restoration projects across the extent of ESA-listed Pacific salmon-often without clearly connecting restoration actions to ecosystem and population needs. Numerous decentralized administrative units select and fund projects based on agency/organization needs or availability of funds with little or no centralized planning nor post-project monitoring. The need therefore arises for metrics to identify whether ecosystem and species level restoration needs are being met by the assemblage of implemented projects. We reviewed habitat assessments and recovery plans to identify ecological needs and statistically compared these to the distribution of co-located restoration projects. We deployed two metrics at scales ranging from the sub-watershed to ESA listing units; one describes the unit scale match/mismatch between projects and ecological concerns, the other correlates ecological need with need treated by projects across units. Populations with more identified ecological concerns contained more restoration effort, but the frequency of ecological concerns in recovery plans did not correlate with their frequency as restoration targets. Instead, restoration projects were strongly biased towards less expensive types. Many ESA-listed salmon populations (78%) had a good match between need and action noted in their recovery plan, but fewer (31%) matched at the smaller sub-watershed scale. Further, a majority of sub-watersheds contained a suite of projects that matched ecological concerns no better, and often worse, than a random pick of all project types. These results suggest considerable room for gains in restoration funding and placement even in the absence of centralized planning. This analytical approach can be applied to any species for which habitat management is a principle tactic, and in particular can help improve efficiencies in matching identified needs with explicit management actions. C1 [Barnas, Katie A.; Jordan, Chris E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Katz, Stephen L.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hamm, David E.] Hamm Consulting, Seattle, WA 98117 USA. [Diaz, Monica C.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Barnas, KA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Katie.Barnas@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 47 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUL PY 2015 VL 6 IS 7 AR 110 DI 10.1890/ES14-00466.1 PG 42 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO2MV UT WOS:000358991500004 ER PT J AU Hinke, JT Polito, MJ Goebel, ME Jarvis, S Reiss, CS Thorrold, SR Trivelpiece, WZ Watters, GM AF Hinke, Jefferson T. Polito, Michael J. Goebel, Michael E. Jarvis, Sharon Reiss, Christian S. Thorrold, Simon R. Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. Watters, George M. TI Spatial and isotopic niche partitioning during winter in chinstrap and Adelie penguins from the South Shetland Islands SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; geolocation; migration; niche; Pygoscelis adeliae; Pygoscelis antarctica; stable isotope; winter ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; PYGOSCELIS-ADELIAE; PELAGIC SEABIRD; FORAGING AREAS; OCEAN; MIGRATION; REVEAL; ANTARCTICA; PREDATORS; SEGREGATION AB Closely related species with similar ecological requirements should exhibit segregation along spatial, temporal, or trophic niche axes to limit the degree of competitive overlap. For migratory marine organisms like seabirds, assessing such overlap during the non-breeding period is difficult because of long-distance dispersal to potentially diffuse foraging habitats. Miniaturization of geolocation devices and advances in stable isotope analysis (SIA), however, provide a robust toolset to quantitatively track the movements and foraging niches of wide ranging marine animals throughout much of their annual cycle. We used light-based geolocation tags and analyzed stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes from tail feathers to simultaneously characterize winter movements, habitat utilization, and overlap of spatial and isotopic niches of migratory chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) and Adelie (P. adeliae) penguins during the austral winter of 2012. Chinstrap penguins exhibited a higher diversity of movements and occupied portions of the Southern Ocean from 138 degrees W to 30 degrees W within a narrow latitudinal band centered on 60 degrees S. In contrast, all tracked Adelie penguins exhibited smaller-scale movements into the Weddell Sea and then generally along a counter-clockwise path as winter advanced. Inter-specific overlap during the non-breeding season was low except during the months immediately adjacent to the summer breeding season. Intra-specific overlap by chinstraps from adjacent breeding colonies was higher throughout the winter. Spatial segregation appears to be the primary mechanism to maintain inter-and intra-specific niche separation during the non-breeding season for chinstrap and Adelie penguins. Despite low spatial overlap, however, the data do suggest that a narrow pelagic corridor in the southern Scotia Sea hosted both chinstrap and Adelie penguins for most months of the year. Shared occupancy and similar isotopic signatures of the penguins in that region suggests that the potential for inter-specific competition persists during the winter months. Finally, we note that SIA was able to discriminate eastward versus westward migrations in penguins, suggesting that SIA of tail feathers may provide useful information on population-level distribution patterns for future studies. C1 [Hinke, Jefferson T.; Goebel, Michael E.; Reiss, Christian S.; Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.; Watters, George M.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Polito, Michael J.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Polito, Michael J.; Thorrold, Simon R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Jarvis, Sharon] SeaWorld, Aviculture Dept, Orlando, FL 32821 USA. RP Hinke, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Jefferson.Hinke@noaa.gov RI Polito, Michael/G-9118-2012; Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012 OI Polito, Michael/0000-0001-8639-4431; Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517 FU National Marine Sanctuary Foundation; Ocean Life Institute; SeaWorld Bush Gardens Conservation Fund; Woods Hole Oceanographic Devonshire Scholarship FX We thank M. Mudge, N. Cook, M. Goh, S. Trivel-piece, P. Chilton, B. Soucie, M. Henschen, C. Bishop, and A. Bertoldi for assistance deploying and recovering tags for this study. Funds for the GLS tags were provided by the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation. Thank you also to S. Branch and the aviculture department at SeaWorld Orlando for assistance in measuring penguin tail feather growth rates. Additional support for this project was provided by a Woods Hole Oceanographic Devonshire Scholarship as well as funding from the Ocean Life Institute and SeaWorld Bush Gardens Conservation Fund to MJP. Reference to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service. Use of information from this publication shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. The Antarctic fur seal portion of this study (mobile control tags) was conducted under the Marine Mammal Protection Act Permit #16472-01. All protocols were reviewed and approved by the UCSD IACUC. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUL PY 2015 VL 6 IS 7 AR 125 DI 10.1890/ES14-00287.1 PG 32 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO2MV UT WOS:000358991500019 ER PT J AU Zhou, KB Suzuki, S Manzello, SL AF Zhou, Kuibin Suzuki, Sayaka Manzello, Samuel L. TI Experimental Study of Firebrand Transport SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Firebrands; WUI fires; Firebrand transport ID IGNITION; GENERATION; WIND; SIZE; MASS AB The NIST Firebrand Generator (NIST Dragon) has been used to quantify the vulnerability of structures to ignition by firebrand attack. The Firebrand Generator is a useful device to study firebrand transport, and has been used to validate transport models of firebrand showers. During this series of experiments, the Firebrand Generator was fed with wood cubes of uniform size. The glowing firebrands generated were collected in an array of water-filled pans that were arranged to collect the bulk of the lofted firebrands. The pan arrangement was determined from repeated preliminary studies. These experiments were performed over a range of wind speeds (up to 9 m/s) to determine the lofting distance. The major change in these experiments from prior work was that, for a given wind speed, the firebrand size and mass was determined at each pan location. In the past, it was only possible to determine the number distribution; specifically the number of firebrands at each spatial location was counted (not resolved at every pan but only across a given row of pans). Statistical analysis indicated that a normal distribution was able to capture the number/mass percentage versus horizontal distance. This study provides even greater fidelity measurements to validate transport models of firebrand showers, and further insights into firebrand generation. C1 [Zhou, Kuibin] Nanjing Tech Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Hazardous Chem Safety & Control, Coll Urban Construct & Safety Engn, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Kuibin] Univ Sci & Technol China, State Key Lab Fire Sci, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Suzuki, Sayaka] Natl Res Inst Fire & Disaster, Chofu, Tokyo 1820012, Japan. [Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51120165001]; State Key Laboratory of Fire Science [HZ2013-KF09] FX KZ acknowledges support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51120165001 and Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Fire Science HZ2013-KF09. SLM is thankful to BRI for allowing NIST to use the FRWTF for these experiments. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 785 EP 799 DI 10.1007/s10694-014-0411-8 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CO1DE UT WOS:000358892300005 ER PT J AU Suzuki, S Manzello, SL Kagiya, K Suzuki, J Hayashi, Y AF Suzuki, Sayaka Manzello, Samuel L. Kagiya, Koji Suzuki, Junichi Hayashi, Yoshihiko TI Ignition of Mulch Beds Exposed to Continuous Wind-Driven Firebrand Showers SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fire; Firebrand; Ignition; Firebrand Generator; Mulch ID FUEL BEDS; FIRES; GENERATION AB A series of experiments were conducted to examine ignition of mulch beds to continuous, wind-driven firebrand showers. Shredded hardwood mulch, fitted in beds 1.2 m by 1.2 m with a thickness of 51 mm, was attached to a non-combustible reentrant corner assembly. The mulch/reentrant corner assembly was then exposed to continuous, wind-driven firebrand bombardment generated by the NIST full-scale Continuous Feed Firebrand Generator installed in the Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility at the Building Research Institute in Japan. These experiments have determined ignition behavior of mulch beds installed in realistic building configurations under wind-driven firebrand showers. Experiments were performed by varying the wind speed and moisture content (MC) of the mulch beds. It was observed that continuous application of small wind-driven firebrands, with sizes similar to those observed in actual wildland-urban interface fires in California and Texas, resulted in flaming ignition of mulch beds held at MC up to 83% under wind speeds of 8 m/s. The accumulation of firebrands was a key factor to produce ignition. C1 [Suzuki, Sayaka] Natl Res Inst Fire & Disaster, Chofu, Tokyo 1828508, Japan. [Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kagiya, Koji] Bldg Res Inst, Dept Fire Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050802, Japan. [Suzuki, Junichi; Hayashi, Yoshihiko] Natl Inst Land & Infrastruct Management, Fire Stand Div, Bldg Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050802, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 905 EP 922 DI 10.1007/s10694-014-0425-2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CO1DE UT WOS:000358892300011 ER PT J AU Parrish, FA Hayman, NT Kelley, C Boland, RC AF Parrish, Frank A. Hayman, Nicholas T. Kelley, Christopher Boland, Raymond C. TI Acoustic tagging and monitoring of cultured and wild juvenile crimson jobfish (Pristipomoides filamentosus) in a nursery habitat SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; STOCK ENHANCEMENT; POLYDACTYLUS SEXFILIS; PACIFIC THREADFIN; WINTER FLOUNDER; PINK SNAPPER; HAWAII; TELEMETRY; GROWTH; TRANSMITTERS AB The movements of cultured (n=18) and wild (n=28) juvenile crimson jobfish (Pristipomoides filamentosus) are reported for a known nursery off windward Oahu, Hawaii. The 2 batches of fish were tagged with acoustic transmitters in separate years (2006, 2007) and monitored with a receiver array for up to 10 weeks. Of the cultured fish, 75% left the nursery within 3 days, more than twice the exit rate for wild fish tagged the following year. The number of wild fish detected peaked during daylight hours, indicating that the fish were diurnally active. Tidally driven changes in bottom temperature did not explain the behavioral patterns of the wild fish that remained in the nursery for multiple weeks. Additional receivers deployed on the slope adjacent to the nursery detected that two-thirds of the wild fish departed from the nursery after a short period (mean: 1.2 days [SD 1.69]), by crossing areas with soft substrate similar to that of the nursery. In contrast, the fish that exited by rock ledges stayed near the rock ledges longer (mean: 13.3 days [SD 20.9]). These movement patterns provide insight into the early life history of this deepwater snapper and a glimpse at some of the challenges for future stock enhancement efforts. C1 [Parrish, Frank A.; Hayman, Nicholas T.; Boland, Raymond C.] NOAA, Daniel K Inouye Reg Ctr, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Kelley, Christopher] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Parrish, FA (reprint author), NOAA, Daniel K Inouye Reg Ctr, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM frank.parrish@noaa.gov FU State of Hawaii Fishery Disaster Relief Program [657788] FX This research was supported by a grant from the State of Hawaii Fishery Disaster Relief Program (grant #657788). Wild fish were obtained under a State of Hawaii Scientific Collection Permit with the help of R. Sixberry. Surgical procedures were in accordance with guidelines of the University of Hawaii Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee (6 August 2006). Helpful comments on the manuscript were provided by D. Kobayashi, E. De Martini, and a number of anonymous reviewers. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 113 IS 3 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.7755/FB.113.3.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CO3XZ UT WOS:000359095900001 ER PT J AU Dahlheim, ME Zerbini, AN Waite, JM Kennedy, AS AF Dahlheim, Marilyn E. Zerbini, Alexandre N. Waite, Janice M. Kennedy, Amy S. TI Temporal changes in abundance of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoenth) inhabiting the inland waters of Southeast Alaska SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GILL NETS; MITOCHONDRIAL; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY; ATLANTIC; AERIAL; WHALES AB Abundance of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) was estimated from data collected during vessel surveys conducted throughout the inland waters of Southeast Alaska. Line-transect methods were used during 18 seasonal surveys spanning 22 years (1991-2012). Estimates were derived from summer surveys only because of the broader spatial coverage and greater number of surveys during this season than during other seasons. Porpoise abundance varied when different periods were compared (i.e., 1991-1993, 2006-2007, and 2010-2012); however, persistent areas of high porpoise densities occurred in Glacier Bay and Icy Strait, and off the town of Wrangell and Zarembo Island. Overall abundance of harbor porpoise significantly declined from the early 1990s (N=1076, 95% confidence interval [CI]=910-1272) to the mid-2000s (N=604, 95% CI=468-780). This downward trend was followed by a significant increase in the early 2010s (N=975, 95% CI=857-1109) when abundance rose to levels similar to those observed 20 years earlier. Potential factors that could contribute to the downward trend were examined. The 2 regions with high densities of harbor porpoise (i.e., Glacier Bay and Icy Strait as well as Wrangell and Zarembo islands), that were consistently occupied by this species, and the different trend values of these 2 regions indicate that some fine-scale population structuring may exist for harbor porpoise inhabiting the inland waters of Southeast Alaska. C1 [Dahlheim, Marilyn E.; Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Waite, Janice M.; Kennedy, Amy S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Dahlheim, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM marilyn.dahlheim@noaa.gov RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 113 IS 3 BP 242 EP 255 DI 10.7755/FB.113.3.2 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CO3XZ UT WOS:000359095900002 ER PT J AU Ryer, CH Long, WC Spencer, ML Iseri, P AF Ryer, Clifford H. Long, William C. Spencer, Mara L. Iseri, Paul TI Depth distribution, habitat associations, and differential growth of newly settled southern Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) in embayments around Kodiak Island, Alaska SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID RED KING CRAB; NORTHERN ROCK SOLE; PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICUS TILESIUS; JUVENILE BLUE-CRAB; EASTERN BERING-SEA; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; NURSERY GROUNDS; LEPIDOPSETTA-POLYXYSTRA; PREDATION RISK; CHESAPEAKE BAY AB We examined depth distribution, habitat association, and growth of newly settled southern Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) at 4 sites around the eastern end of Kodiak Island, Alaska, during 2010 and 2011. Settlement was from April through July, and crab density peaked during May July, at 10 crabs/m(2) in 2010 and 2.3 crabs/m(2) in 2011. By the end of August most crabs had progressed through 3-5 molt stages (instars). An association between crabs and tubes of the ampharetid polychaete Sabellides sibirica was observed in 2010, but it was not seen in 2011 when both crabs and worms were less abundant. Crabs in protected embayments were larger in August than crabs at open coastal sites. Crabs at protected sites were also found in shallower water than at open coastal sites a difference that may have exposed them to higher ambient water temperature and may have accelerated their growth. Accelerated growth may in turn result in earlier maturation. Southern Tanner crabs probably settle over a wide range of depths, but shallow embayments (depths <50 m) may play a disproportionately large role in providing recruits to the adult population, due to accelerated crab growth and survival. C1 [Ryer, Clifford H.; Spencer, Mara L.; Iseri, Paul] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Long, William C.] NOAA, Shellfish Assessment Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Ryer, CH (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM cliff.ryer@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 FU Essential Fish Habitat funds from the NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We thank M. Ottmar, S. Haines, and C. Sweitzer for assistance with logistics. R. Foy, E. Munk, P. Cummiski, and K. Swiney provided logistical support in Kodiak. We also wish to thank the captain of the FV Miss-O, T. Tripp, for valuable assistance on the water. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an early draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by 2010 and 2011 Essential Fish Habitat funds from the NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 113 IS 3 BP 256 EP 269 DI 10.7755/FB.113.3.3 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CO3XZ UT WOS:000359095900003 ER PT J AU Laman, EA Kotwicki, S Rooper, CN AF Laman, Edward A. Kotwicki, Stan Rooper, Christopher N. TI Correlating environmental and biogenic factors with abundance and distribution of Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; BOTTOM TRAWL; DEEP-SEA; SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; BENTHIC COMMUNITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FISH-HABITAT; WATER CORALS; REEF FISHES AB In the Aleutian Islands, patterns of distribution and abundance of Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) are influenced by oceanographic processes and biogenic structures. We used generalized additive modeling (GAM) to examine relationships between these predictors and patterns of settled juvenile and adult distribution and abundance from bottom trawl surveys conducted from 1997 through 2010. Depth, temperature, and location had the greatest influence, and biogenic structures co-occurring with this species improved predictions. Model results confirmed previously reported depth- and temperature-dependent patterns of Pacific ocean perch and revealed the elevated presence and abundance of this fish in proximity to Aleutian passes. Adults were more common and abundant in deeper (similar to 225 m) water than were juveniles (similar to 150 m), and the probability of encountering either life stage increased in the presence of fan- and ball-shaped sponges over moderate slopes and decreased with increasing tidal velocities. The GAMs accounted for one-quarter of the deviance for juvenile presence-absence (24.9%) and conditional abundance (25.0%) and accounted for 38.7% and 42.5% of the deviance for the same adult response variables. Although depth, temperature, and location were the dominant predictor variables of both juvenile presence and abundance, our results indicate that biogenic structures that provide vertical structure in otherwise low-relief, trawlable habitats may represent refugia for Pacific ocean perch juveniles and adults. C1 [Laman, Edward A.; Kotwicki, Stan; Rooper, Christopher N.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Laman, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ned.laman@noaa.gov NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 113 IS 3 BP 270 EP 289 DI 10.7755/FB.113.3.4 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CO3XZ UT WOS:000359095900004 ER PT J AU Nichol, DG Somerton, DA AF Nichol, Daniel G. Somerton, David A. TI Seasonal migrations of morphometrically mature male snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in the eastern Bering Sea in relation to mating dynamics SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SPRING BREEDING MIGRATION; TERMINAL MOLT; TANNER CRABS; BONNE BAY; CIRCULATING ECDYSTEROIDS; FUNCTIONAL MATURITY; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; SPATIAL DYNAMICS; SAINT-LAWRENCE; 1788 DECAPODA AB Seasonal migration of commercial-size (>= 102 mm carapace width [CW]), morphometrically mature (MM) snow crabs (Chionoecetes opilio) from the eastern Bering Sea was examined in relation to the summer distribution of mature females to identify spatiotemporal overlap of males and females and determine the likelihood of mating associations for specific reproductive stages. Depth variation associated with this migration was examined to determine whether seasonal migrations contribute to previously recognized spatial differences in distributions of commercial-size males caught in the winter fishery and in the National Marine Fisheries Service summer bottom trawl survey. Depth data from 33 data storage tags attached to commercial-size MM males during 2010 and 2011 indicated that most males moved inshore during spring a movement that would allow them to mate with multiparous females but not with pubescent-primiparous females. Smaller tagged males (100-102 mm CW) underwent more extensive inshore migrations, and several of them traveled more than 100 km in one direction. Both tagging and distribution data indicated that most commercial-size MM males remained predominantly on the outer shelf throughout the year (despite some inshore movements during spring) and, therefore, these males did not contribute greatly to the spatial differences observed between winter and summer. C1 [Nichol, Daniel G.; Somerton, David A.] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Nichol, DG (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dan.nichol@noaa.gov FU BSFRF; National Cooperative Research Program (NOAA/NMFS); Marine Conservation Alliance FX D. Pengilly provided the impetus for the research. R. Alinsunurin, J. Conner, and C. Armistead contributed to the tagging process and data acquisition. Reviews from L. Rugolo, J. Turnock, J. Webb, and 2 anonymous scientists significantly improved this manuscript. S. Hughes and the Bering Sea Fisheries Research Foundation (BSFRF) secured the vessels used for tagging. We are very grateful to skippers M. Wilson and J. Hochstein and to the crews of the FV Kiska Sea and FV Pacific Sun. We also acknowledge the staff of the NMFS Shellfish Assessment Program in Kodiak, Alaska, for the collection of data, upon which the presented distributions of snow crabs in the eastern Being Sea are based. This research was supported by the BSFRF, the National Cooperative Research Program (NOAA/NMFS), and the Marine Conservation Alliance. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 20 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 113 IS 3 BP 313 EP 326 DI 10.7755/FB.113.3.7 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CO3XZ UT WOS:000359095900007 ER PT J AU O'Farrell, MR Satterthwaite, WH AF O'Farrell, Michael R. Satterthwaite, William H. TI Inferred historical fishing mortality rates for an endangered population of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID OCEAN SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; FISHERY; PATTERNS AB The time series of estimated fishery exploitation rates for endangered Sacramento River winter Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is confined to a relatively recent period for which coded-wire tag data have been available. However, the nature of ocean salmon fisheries before this period was substantially different, and it is likely that recent exploitation rates do not represent the level of fishing mortality experienced by these Chinook salmon in earlier years. To infer historical exploitation rates, a model was developed to hindcast the impact rate for age-3 winter Chinook salmon (an approximation of the exploitation rate) by using 35 years of fishing effort estimates coupled with contemporary estimates of fishery encounter rates. The impact-rate hindcasts were highest during a period from the mid-1980s through the mid-1990s. Over time, the proportion of the impact rate attributed to commercial and recreational fisheries diverged from approximately equal shares early in the time series to an impact rate mostly composed of recreational fishery-induced mortality in more recent years. The inferred exploitation rates provide context for the fishing-induced mortality experienced by winter Chinook salmon both before and after the time of the initial inclusion of this species on the Endangered Species Act (ESA) list in 1989 and through a dynamic period for ocean salmon fisheries in California. C1 [O'Farrell, Michael R.; Satterthwaite, William H.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP O'Farrell, MR (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM michael.ofarrell@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 113 IS 3 BP 341 EP 351 DI 10.7755/FB.113.3.9 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CO3XZ UT WOS:000359095900009 ER PT J AU Feifel, KM Fletcher, SJ Watson, LR Moore, SK Lessard, EJ AF Feifel, K. M. Fletcher, S. J. Watson, L. R. Moore, S. K. Lessard, E. J. TI Alexandrium and Scrippsiella cyst viability and cytoplasmic fullness in a 60-cm sediment core from Sequim Bay, WA SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium; Scrippsiella; Dinoflagellate cysts; Germination success; Viability; Resuspension ID SPECIES COMPLEX DINOPHYCEAE; RESTING CYSTS; TROCHOIDEA DINOPHYCEAE; CATENELLA DINOPHYCEAE; DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS; GONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; PUGET-SOUND; BALTIC SEA; GERMINATION; RESUSPENSION AB Many marine protists produce a benthic resting stage during their life history. This non-motile cyst stage can either germinate near the sediment surface to provide the inoculum for subsequent blooms or, be buried by sediment deposits over time and entrained into the sedimentary record. Buried cysts can be resuspended into the water column by mixing events (e.g., storms) or other disturbances (e.g., dredging). It is not clear how long cysts can survive while buried in the sediments and still be capable of germinating given favorable conditions. Here, the germination success of cysts produced by the potentially toxic dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium and the non-toxic dinoflagellate genus Scrippsiella is reported from a 60-cm sediment core collected in Sequim Bay, WA, in December 2011. Cysts of Alexandrium spp. and Scrippsiella spp. were isolated from 2-cm sections of the core, placed in individual wells of a 96-well plate with growth medium, imaged, incubated at favorable conditions and monitored for germination. An image analysis program, DinoCyst, was used to quantitatively measure the amount of granular storage products, presumed energy stores, inside the cytoplasm to test the hypothesis that older cysts located deeper in the sediment core will have fewer energy stores available and will be less likely to germinate. An index of the area of the cytoplasm occupied with granular storage products relative to cyst size, termed 'cytoplasmic fullness', and age, based on Pb-210 dating of surrounding sediments, was compared with germination success or failure. This research indicates that cysts of Alexandrium spp. and Scrippsiella spp. can remain viable in sediments for 60 years or longer, show little visual evidence of cytoplasmic deterioration over this timescale (as measured by cytoplasmic fullness), and that germination success is statistically similar for cysts isolated from 0-60 cm deep in the sediment core. These results suggest that a cyst's cytoplasmic fullness is not indicative of viability and that cysts located as deep as 60 cm in the sediments are as likely to germinate as surface cysts given favorable conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Feifel, K. M.; Fletcher, S. J.; Lessard, E. J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Watson, L. R.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Moore, S. K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Feifel, KM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kfei04@uw.edu FU NSF GK-12 OASIS program; University of Washington Pacific Northwest Center for Human Health and Oceans Studies; National Park Service George Melendez Wright Climate Change Fellowship FX This research was funded by the NSF GK-12 OASIS program, University of Washington Pacific Northwest Center for Human Health and Oceans Studies, University of Washington Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) on Ocean Change and had research support from the National Park Service George Melendez Wright Climate Change Fellowship. We are grateful for the technical assistance from Garfield High School (Seattle, WA) students L. Aasen, A. Maloney-Bertelli, K. Vesteins-son, and H. Xie used to develop the DinoCyst program. Thanks to C. Nittrouer, R. Hale, K. Boldt and the crew of the R/V Barnes for help obtaining and processing the sediment core. [SS] NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JUL PY 2015 VL 47 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2015.05.009 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CO3AA UT WOS:000359027400007 ER PT J AU Charnotskii, M AF Charnotskii, Mikhail TI Bit error rate of focused Gaussian beams in weak oceanic turbulence: comment SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article AB Recent calculations [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 31, 1963 (2014)] of the scintillation index of focused beams did not take into account the second order of the perturbation theory, and therefore led the author to erroneous conclusions regarding dependence of the scintillation index for the focused beams on the aperture size. The log-normal intensity probability distribution used for the Bit Error Rate calculations in [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 31, 1963 (2014)] is also invalid for the wide focused beams. As a result, most of the conclusions of [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 31, 1963 (2014)] are incorrect. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Charnotskii, Mikhail] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Charnotskii, Mikhail] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Charnotskii, M (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, 325 Broadway R PSD 99, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Mikhail.charnotskii@noaa.gov RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013 OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1247 EP 1250 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.32.001247 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CN9SO UT WOS:000358789500006 PM 26367152 ER PT J AU Charnotskii, M AF Charnotskii, Mikhail TI Extended Huygens-Fresnel principle and optical waves propagation in turbulence: discussion SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC BEAM PROPAGATION; ANGULAR SPECTRUM REPRESENTATION; MARKOV RANDOM PROCESS; 4TH MOMENT EQUATION; INTENSITY FLUCTUATIONS; RANDOM-MEDIA; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; RANDOM INHOMOGENEITIES; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; APPROXIMATION AB Extended Huygens-Fresnel principle (EHF) currently is the most common technique used in theoretical studies of the optical propagation in turbulence. A recent review paper [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 31, 2038 (2014)] cites several dozens of papers that are exclusively based on the EHF principle. We revisit the foundations of the EHF, and show that it is burdened by very restrictive assumptions that make it valid only under weak scintillation conditions. We compare the EHF to the less-restrictive Markov approximation and show that both theories deliver identical results for the second moment of the field, rendering the EHF essentially worthless. For the fourth moment of the field, the EHF principle is accurate under weak scintillation conditions, but is known to provide erroneous results for strong scintillation conditions. In addition, since the EHF does not obey the energy conservation principle, its results cannot be accurate for scintillations of partially coherent beam waves. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Charnotskii, Mikhail] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Charnotskii, Mikhail] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Charnotskii, M (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, 325 Broadway R PSD 99, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Mikhail.Charnotskii@noaa.gov RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013 OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254 NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1357 EP 1365 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.32.001357 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA CN9SO UT WOS:000358789500020 PM 26367166 ER PT J AU Sapienza, L Davanco, M Badolato, A Srinivasan, K AF Sapienza, Luca Davanco, Marcelo Badolato, Antonio Srinivasan, Kartik TI Nanoscale optical positioning of single quantum dots for bright and pure single-photon emission SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EMITTERS; SYSTEM AB Self-assembled, epitaxially grown InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) are promising semiconductor quantum emitters that can be integrated on a chip for a variety of photonic quantum information science applications. However, self-assembled growth results in an essentially random in-plane spatial distribution of QDs, presenting a challenge in creating devices that exploit the strong interaction of single QDs with highly confined optical modes. Here, we present a photoluminescence imaging approach for locating single QDs with respect to alignment features with an average position uncertainty <30nm (<10nm when using a solid-immersion lens), which represents an enabling technology for the creation of optimized single QD devices. To that end, we create QD single-photon sources, based on a circular Bragg grating geometry, that simultaneously exhibit high collection efficiency (48% +/- 5% into a 0.4 numerical aperture lens, close to the theoretically predicted value of 50%), low multiphoton probability (g((2))(0) <1%), and a significant Purcell enhancement factor (approximate to 3). C1 [Sapienza, Luca; Davanco, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sapienza, Luca] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sapienza, Luca] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Badolato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Sapienza, L (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM l.sapienza@soton.ac.uk; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NIST-CNST [70NANB10H193]; National Science Foundation (NSF) under CAREER Grant [ECCS-454021, DMR-1309734] FX L.S. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST-CNST, Award 70NANB10H193. A.B. acknowledges support from National Science Foundation (NSF) under CAREER Grant No. ECCS-454021 and Grant No. DMR-1309734. The authors thank Serkan Ates and Krishna Coimbatore Balram for useful discussions and early contributions to this work. They also thank Christopher Long and Santiago Solares for helpful advice regarding atomic force microscopy. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7833 DI 10.1038/ncomms8833 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO0RV UT WOS:000358860900013 PM 26211442 ER PT J AU Svanidze, E Wang, JKK Besara, T Liu, L Huang, Q Siegrist, T Frandsen, B Lynn, JW Nevidomskyy, AH Gamza, MB Aronson, MC Uemura, YJ Morosan, E AF Svanidze, E. Wang, Jiakui K. Besara, T. Liu, L. Huang, Q. Siegrist, T. Frandsen, B. Lynn, J. W. Nevidomskyy, Andriy H. Gamza, Monika B. Aronson, M. C. Uemura, Y. J. Morosan, E. TI An itinerant antiferromagnetic metal without magnetic constituents SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON FERROMAGNETISM; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; TRANSITIONS; POINTS AB The origin of magnetism in metals has been traditionally discussed in two diametrically opposite limits: itinerant and local moments. Surprisingly, there are very few known examples of materials that are close to the itinerant limit, and their properties are not universally understood. In the case of the two such examples discovered several decades ago, the itinerant ferromagnets ZrZn2 and Sc3In, the understanding of their magnetic ground states draws on the existence of 3d electrons subject to strong spin fluctuations. Similarly, in Cr, an elemental itinerant antiferromagnet with a spin density wave ground state, its 3d electron character has been deemed crucial to it being magnetic. Here, we report evidence for an itinerant antiferromagnetic metal with no magnetic constituents: TiAu. Antiferromagnetic order occurs below a Neel temperature of 36 K, about an order of magnitude smaller than in Cr, rendering the spin fluctuations in TiAu more important at low temperatures. This itinerant antiferromagnet challenges the currently limited understanding of weak itinerant antiferromagnetism, while providing insights into the effects of spin fluctuations in itinerant-electron systems. C1 [Svanidze, E.; Wang, Jiakui K.; Nevidomskyy, Andriy H.; Morosan, E.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Besara, T.; Siegrist, T.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Liu, L.; Frandsen, B.; Uemura, Y. J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Huang, Q.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gamza, Monika B.; Aronson, M. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Aronson, M. C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Morosan, E (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM emorosan@rice.edu RI Besara, Tiglet/M-7969-2014; OI Besara, Tiglet/0000-0002-2143-2254; Nevidomskyy, Andriy/0000-0002-8684-7979 FU NSF [DMR 0847681, DMR-1105961, OISE-0968226, DMR-1436095]; AFOSR MURI; Welch Foundation [C-1818]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH1886]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-SC0008832]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1157490]; State of Florida; REIMEI project from JAEA, Japan; Friends of Todai Inc. Foundation FX We would like to thank M.B. Maple, P. Dai, M. Foster, S. Kivelson, Z. Deng, T. Munsie, T. Medina, and G. Luke for assistance and discussions. The work at Rice University was supported by NSF DMR 0847681 (E.M. and E.S.), AFOSR MURI (J.K.W.) and the Welch Foundation grant C-1818 (A.H.N.). Work at Brookhaven National Laboratory (M.B.G. and M.C.A.) was carried out under the auspices of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1886. T.B. and T.S. are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, under Award #DE-SC0008832. A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-1157490 and the State of Florida. Work at Columbia and TRIUMF (L.L., B.F. and Y.J.U.) is supported by NSF grants DMR-1105961, OISE-0968226 (PIRE) and DMR-1436095 (DMREF), REIMEI project from JAEA, Japan, and the Friends of Todai Inc. Foundation. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 46 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7701 DI 10.1038/ncomms8701 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO0RA UT WOS:000358858500007 PM 26166042 ER PT J AU Spies, I Spencer, PD Punt, AE AF Spies, Ingrid Spencer, Paul D. Punt, Andre E. TI Where do we draw the line? A simulation approach for evaluating management of marine fish stocks with isolation-by-distance stock structure SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; PACIFIC COD; ATLANTIC COD; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; LARVAL DISPERSAL; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; ROCKFISH AB There is no established management protocol for stocks subject to isolation-by-distance (IBD) stock structure. This study examines several management strategies for two marine fish species subject to IBD using simulation: Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the Aleutian Islands (AI) and northern rockfish (Sebastes polyspinis) in the Eastern Bering Sea (EBS) and AI. A one-dimensional stepping stone model was used to model IBD and was intended to mimic regions where marine species are exploited along a continental shelf. The performance of spatial assessment and management methods depended on how the range was split. Splitting anywhere within the managed area led to fewer demes falling below target and threshold biomass levels and higher yield than managing the entire area as a single unit. Equilibrium yield was maximized when each deme was assessed and managed separately and under catch cascading, in which harvest quotas within a management unit are spatially allocated based upon the distribution of survey biomass. The longer-lived rockfish declined more slowly than Pacific cod and experienced greater depletion in biomass under disproportionate fishing effort because of lower productivity. Overall, splitting a management area of the size simulated in the model improved performance measures, and the optimal management strategy grouped management units by demes with similar relative fishing effort. C1 [Spies, Ingrid; Spencer, Paul D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Spies, Ingrid] Univ Washington, Quantitat Ecol & Resource Management, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Spies, I (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ingrid.spies@noaa.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center; School of Aquatic and Fishery Science at the University of Washington FX We thank the following people for their contributions to this work: Bailey Draper, Lorenz Hauser, Per Erik Jorde, Vladimir Minin, Kimberly Rand, Grant Thompson, and Rebecca White. The Alaska Fisheries Science Center and the School of Aquatic and Fishery Science at the University of Washington provided funding. We thank two anonymous reviewers and the Editor for their comments on an earlier version of this paper. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 72 IS 7 BP 968 EP 982 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0366 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN7IM UT WOS:000358607900002 ER PT J AU Cahalan, JA Gasper, J Mondragon, J AF Cahalan, Jennifer A. Gasper, Jason Mondragon, Jennifer TI Catch estimation in the federal trawl fisheries off Alaska: a simulation approach to compare the statistical properties of three trip-specific catch estimators SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BY-CATCH; DISCARD DATA; SEA; MANAGEMENT; IMPUTATION; VARIANCE; FLEET AB Quantifying catch has been recognized worldwide as a critical component in fisheries management. Assessment of discard is challenging because of the requirement for at-sea observation, which is both logistically difficult and costly to fishery agencies. Statistical estimators using robust sampling methods may yield accurate and imprecise estimates given the variability associated with many at-sea discard species and inability for agencies to obtain high sampling fractions. However, biased estimates occur if an inappropriate estimator is used. Using Alaska trawl fisheries as an example, we investigated the statistical properties and implementation issues for three commonly used estimators: the ratio estimator; a simple mean estimator; and a deterministic imputation method currently in use in federal fisheries off Alaska. We used a simulation approach to evaluate the performance of these estimators to estimate trip-specific catch. Several statistical properties were evaluated: bias of the estimators, variability of the estimators, and accuracy of the variance estimators. The simple mean estimator had the best performance for vessels landing catch at shoreside processors. The choice of estimator was less clear for vessels processing catch, owing to sensitivity associated with species composition and implementation issues for the simple mean and ratio estimators. C1 [Cahalan, Jennifer A.] Pacific States Marine Fishery Commiss, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gasper, Jason; Mondragon, Jennifer] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Reg Off, Sustainable Fisheries Div, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Cahalan, JA (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fishery Commiss, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jcahalan@psmfc.org NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1024 EP 1036 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0347 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN7IM UT WOS:000358607900007 ER PT J AU Tommasi, D Nye, J Stock, C Hare, JA Alexander, M Drew, K AF Tommasi, Desiree Nye, Janet Stock, Charles Hare, Jonathan A. Alexander, Michael Drew, Katie TI Effect of environmental conditions on juvenile recruitment of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) in fresh water: a coastwide perspective SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POST-SMOLT MIGRATION; CLASS STRENGTH; ANADROMOUS ALEWIFE; CONNECTICUT RIVER; ATLANTIC SALMON; NORTH-CAROLINA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LIFE-HISTORY; HUDSON RIVER; TEMPERATURE AB The abundance of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) has declined throughout their range, and there are increasing concerns about their conservation status. Because of their diadromous life history, variability in rates of survival in fresh water can affect overall recruitment. The objective of our study was to assess how river temperature and flow influence young of the year (YOY) river herring recruitment in the Northeast US. Observations of adult and juvenile fish in five rivers were used to construct spawner-YOY recruits models; these rivers were chosen because of the length of the time series (>15 years) and the paired observations of spawners and juveniles. An environmentally explicit stock-recruitment model explained a substantial fraction (41% to 80%) of the variance in YOY abundance, depending on river system. Our approach allowed for a preliminary discussion of potential mechanisms, which need to be further substantiated by focused field and laboratory studies. Early summer river flow and river temperature had the greatest influence, indicating the importance of conditions in nursery habitats. In certain systems, spring or fall conditions were also important determinants of survival, suggesting additional effects of the environment on spawning of adults and juvenile egress from freshwater nursery habitats. C1 [Tommasi, Desiree] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Nye, Janet] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Stock, Charles] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02818 USA. [Alexander, Michael] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Drew, Katie] Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Tommasi, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM desiree.tommasi@noaa.gov RI Tommasi, Desiree/M-1668-2015; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; OI Tommasi, Desiree/0000-0003-4027-6047; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries And The Environment (FATE) Program FX We thank P. Lynch for providing the data from the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission river herring benchmark stock assessment, as well as all the people and organizations involved with data collection. We also thank V. Saba, R. Asch, and two anonymous reviewers for useful suggestions on earlier versions of the paper. Funding was provided by the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries And The Environment (FATE) Program. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 38 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1037 EP 1047 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0259 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN7IM UT WOS:000358607900008 ER PT J AU Perry, LG Reynolds, LV Beechie, TJ Collins, MJ Shafroth, PB AF Perry, Laura G. Reynolds, Lindsay V. Beechie, Timothy J. Collins, Mathias J. Shafroth, Patrick B. TI Incorporating climate change projections into riparian restoration planning and design SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Restoring Functional Riparian Ecosystems - Concepts and Applications Symposium at the 5th World Conference on Ecological Restoration CY 2013 CL Madison, WI DE climate adaptation; global change; hydrology; ecological restoration; riparian ecosystems; river management; streamflow ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; SCALE FLOW EXPERIMENTS; RIVER RESTORATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; SOUTH-AFRICA; MANAGEMENT DECISIONS; STREAM RESTORATION; NORTH-AMERICA; PHENOLOGICAL RESPONSE AB Climate change and associated changes in streamflow may alter riparian habitats substantially in coming decades. Riparian restoration provides opportunities to respond proactively to projected climate change effects, increase riparian ecosystem resilience to climate change, and simultaneously address effects of both climate change and other human disturbances. However, climate change may alter which restoration methods are most effective and which restoration goals can be achieved. Incorporating climate change into riparian restoration planning and design is critical to long-term restoration of desired community composition and ecosystem services. In this review, we discuss and provide examples of how climate change might be incorporated into restoration planning at the key stages of assessing the project context, establishing restoration goals and design criteria, evaluating design alternatives, and monitoring restoration outcomes. Restoration planners have access to numerous tools to predict future climate, streamflow, and riparian ecology at restoration sites. Planners can use those predictions to assess which species or ecosystem services will be most vulnerable under future conditions, and which sites will be most suitable for restoration. To accommodate future climate and streamflow change, planners may need to adjust methods for planting, invasive species control, channel and floodplain reconstruction, and water management. Given the considerable uncertainty in future climate and streamflow projections, riparian ecological responses, and effects on restoration outcomes, planners will need to consider multiple potential future scenarios, implement a variety of restoration methods, design projects with flexibility to adjust to future conditions, and plan to respond adaptively to unexpected change. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Perry, Laura G.; Reynolds, Lindsay V.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Perry, Laura G.; Reynolds, Lindsay V.; Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Beechie, Timothy J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Collins, Mathias J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Restorat Ctr, Gloucester, MA USA. RP Perry, LG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM perryl@usgs.gov OI Collins, Mathias/0000-0003-4238-2038 NR 203 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 20 U2 103 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD JUL PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 SI SI BP 863 EP 879 DI 10.1002/eco.1645 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CN6IR UT WOS:000358538800011 ER PT J AU Gargis, AS Kalman, L Bick, DP da Silva, C Dimmock, DP Funke, BH Gowrisankar, S Hegde, MR Kulkarni, S Mason, CE Nagarajan, R Voelkerding, KV Worthey, EA Aziz, N Barnes, J Bennett, SF Bisht, H Church, DM Dimitrova, Z Gargis, SR Hafez, N Hambuch, T Hyland, FCL Luna, RA MacCannell, D Mann, T McCluskey, MR McDaniel, TK Ganova-Raeval, LM Rehm, HL Reid, J Campo, DS Resnick, RB Ridge, PG Salit, ML Skums, P Wong, LJC Zehnbauer, BA Zook, JM Lubin, IM AF Gargis, Amy S. Kalman, Lisa Bick, David P. da Silva, Cristina Dimmock, David P. Funke, Birgit H. Gowrisankar, Sivakumar Hegde, Madhuri R. Kulkarni, Shashikant Mason, Christopher E. Nagarajan, Rakesh Voelkerding, Karl V. Worthey, Elizabeth A. Aziz, Nazneen Barnes, John Bennett, Sarah F. Bisht, Himani Church, Deanna M. Dimitrova, Zoya Gargis, Shaw R. Hafez, Nabil Hambuch, Tina Hyland, Fiona C. L. Luna, Ruth Ann MacCannell, Duncan Mann, Tobias McCluskey, Megan R. McDaniel, Timothy K. Ganova-Raeval, Lilia M. Rehm, Heidi L. Reid, Jeffrey Campo, David S. Resnick, Richard B. Ridge, Perry G. Salit, Marc L. Skums, Pavel Wong, Lee-Jun C. Zehnbauer, Barbara A. Zook, Justin M. Lubin, Ira M. TI Good laboratory practice for clinical next-generation sequencing informatics pipelines SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ACMG RECOMMENDATIONS; INCIDENTAL FINDINGS; STANDARDS C1 [Gargis, Amy S.; Kalman, Lisa; Zehnbauer, Barbara A.; Lubin, Ira M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bick, David P.; Dimmock, David P.; Worthey, Elizabeth A.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pediat, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [da Silva, Cristina; Hegde, Madhuri R.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. [Funke, Birgit H.; Gowrisankar, Sivakumar; Rehm, Heidi L.] Partners Healthcare Personalized Med, Lab Mol Med, Cambridge, MA USA. [Funke, Birgit H.; Gowrisankar, Sivakumar; Rehm, Heidi L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA USA. [Kulkarni, Shashikant] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Kulkarni, Shashikant] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Kulkarni, Shashikant; Nagarajan, Rakesh] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, St Louis, MO USA. [Mason, Christopher E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Physiol & Biophys, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Voelkerding, Karl V.; Ridge, Perry G.] Univ Utah, Dept Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Voelkerding, Karl V.] Associated Reg & Univ Pathologists ARUP Labs, Inst Clin & Expt Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Aziz, Nazneen] Coll Amer Pathologists, Northfield, IL USA. [Barnes, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bennett, Sarah F.] Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Div Lab Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bisht, Himani] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Church, Deanna M.] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Dimitrova, Zoya; Ganova-Raeval, Lilia M.; Campo, David S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gargis, Shaw R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Select Agents & Toxins, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hafez, Nabil; Resnick, Richard B.; Skums, Pavel] GenomeQuest, Westborough, MA USA. [Hambuch, Tina] Illumina, Clin Serv, San Diego, CA USA. [Hyland, Fiona C. L.] Thermo Fisher Sci, San Francisco, CA USA. [Luna, Ruth Ann] Texas Childrens Hosp, Texas Childrens Microbiome Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Luna, Ruth Ann] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [MacCannell, Duncan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mann, Tobias] Illumina, San Diego, CA USA. [McCluskey, Megan R.] SoftGenetics, State Coll, State Coll, PA USA. [McDaniel, Timothy K.; Wong, Lee-Jun C.] Illumina, Oncol, San Diego, CA USA. [Reid, Jeffrey] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Salit, Marc L.; Zook, Justin M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gargis, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Zook, Justin/B-7000-2008 OI Zook, Justin/0000-0003-2309-8402 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [U01HG006500, U41HG006834] NR 11 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 EI 1546-1696 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 33 IS 7 BP 689 EP 693 DI 10.1038/nbt.3237 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA CN4JJ UT WOS:000358396100018 PM 26154004 ER PT J AU Halpern, BS Frazier, M Potapenko, J Casey, KS Koenig, K Longo, C Lowndes, JS Rockwood, RC Selig, ER Selkoe, KA Walbridge, S AF Halpern, Benjamin S. Frazier, Melanie Potapenko, John Casey, Kenneth S. Koenig, Kellee Longo, Catherine Lowndes, Julia Stewart Rockwood, R. Cotton Selig, Elizabeth R. Selkoe, Kimberly A. Walbridge, Shaun TI Spatial and temporal changes in cumulative human impacts on the world's ocean SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; AREAS; SUSTAINABILITY; BIODIVERSITY; STRESSORS; FISHERIES; THREATS; MAP AB Human pressures on the ocean are thought to be increasing globally, yet we know little about their patterns of cumulative change, which pressures are most responsible for change, and which places are experiencing the greatest increases. Managers and policymakers require such information to make strategic decisions and monitor progress towards management objectives. Here we calculate and map recent change over 5 years in cumulative impacts to marine ecosystems globally from fishing, climate change, and ocean- and land-based stressors. Nearly 66% of the ocean and 77% of national jurisdictions show increased human impact, driven mostly by climate change pressures. Five percent of the ocean is heavily impacted with increasing pressures, requiring management attention. Ten percent has very low impact with decreasing pressures. Our results provide large-scale guidance about where to prioritize management efforts and affirm the importance of addressing climate change to maintain and improve the condition of marine ecosystems. C1 [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Halpern, Benjamin S.; Frazier, Melanie; Longo, Catherine; Lowndes, Julia Stewart; Selkoe, Kimberly A.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Potapenko, John] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Casey, Kenneth S.] NOAA, Natl Ctrs Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Koenig, Kellee; Selig, Elizabeth R.] Conservat Int, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci & Oceans, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Rockwood, R. Cotton] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Selkoe, Kimberly A.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Walbridge, Shaun] Boston Off, ESRI, Middleton, MA 01949 USA. RP Halpern, BS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM halpern@bren.ucsb.edu RI Casey, Kenneth/D-4065-2013 OI Rockwood, R. Cotton/0000-0002-1231-4221; Casey, Kenneth/0000-0002-6052-7117 FU Arctic Options: Holistic Integration for Arctic Coastal Marine Sustainability; National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs [PLR-1263819] FX All data are described in the Supplementary Information and are freely available at doi:10.5063/F19Z92TW. This paper is a contribution to Imperial College's Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment initiative. This manuscript has been prepared with support from Arctic Options: Holistic Integration for Arctic Coastal Marine Sustainability, with funding from the National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs (Grant No. PLR-1263819). NR 29 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 11 U2 64 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7615 DI 10.1038/ncomms8615 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO0QM UT WOS:000358857000008 PM 26172980 ER PT J AU Lane, PA Cunningham, PD Melinger, JS Esenturk, O Heilweil, EJ AF Lane, P. A. Cunningham, P. D. Melinger, J. S. Esenturk, O. Heilweil, E. J. TI Hot photocarrier dynamics in organic solar cells SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; ENERGY; SEMICONDUCTORS; SEPARATION; MOBILITY AB Photocurrent in an organic solar cell is generated by a charge transfer reaction between electron donors and acceptors. Charge transfer is expected to proceed from thermalized states, but this picture has been challenged by recent studies that have investigated the role of hot excitons. Here we show a direct link between excess excitation energy and photocarrier mobility. Charge transfer from excited donor molecules generates hot photocarriers with excess energy coming from the offset between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the donor and that of the acceptor. Hot photocarriers manifest themselves through a short-lived spike in terahertz photoconductivity that decays on a picosecond timescale as carriers thermalize. Different dynamics are observed when exciting the acceptor at its absorption edge to a thermalized state. Charge transfer in this case generates thermalized carriers described by terahertz photoconductivity dynamics consisting of an instrument-limited rise to a long-lived signal. C1 [Lane, P. A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cunningham, P. D.; Melinger, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Elect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Esenturk, O.; Heilweil, E. J.] NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lane, PA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.lane@nrl.navy.mil OI Esenturk, Okan/0000-0001-6539-4344 FU Office of Naval Research; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX We thank the Office of Naval Research and National Institute of Standards and Technology for funding. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 15 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7558 DI 10.1038/ncomms8558 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO0PH UT WOS:000358853900002 PM 26179323 ER PT J AU Shi, ZW Bechtel, HA Berweger, S Sun, YH Zeng, B Jin, CH Chang, H Martin, MC Raschke, MB Wang, F AF Shi, Zhiwen Bechtel, Hans A. Berweger, Samuel Sun, Yinghui Zeng, Bo Jin, Chenhao Chang, Henry Martin, Michael C. Raschke, Markus B. Wang, Feng TI Amplitude- and Phase-Resolved Nanospectral Imaging of Phonon Polaritons in Hexagonal Boron Nitride SO ACS PHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE phonon polariton; boron nitride; near-field spectroscopy; synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy (SINS) ID NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPY; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; GRAPHENE PLASMONS; DIRAC FERMIONS; LIGHT; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SUPERLATTICES; NANOPARTICLES; SCATTERING; PRESSURE AB Phonon polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from strong coupling of photons with optical phonons. Excitation and control of these quasiparticles in 2D materials offer the opportunity to confine and transport light at the nanoscale. Here, we image the phonon polariton (PhP) spectral response in thin hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) crystals as a representative 2D material using amplitude- and phase-resolved scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) using broadband mid-IR synchrotron radiation. The large spectral bandwidth enables the simultaneous measurement of both out-of-plane (780 cm(-1)) and in-plane (1370 cm(-1)) hBN phonon modes. In contrast to the strong in-plane mode, the out-of-plane PhP mode response is weak Measurements of the PhP wavelength reveal a proportional dependence on sample thickness for thin hBN flakes, which can be understood by a general model describing two-dimensional polariton excitation in ultrathin materials. C1 [Shi, Zhiwen; Sun, Yinghui; Zeng, Bo; Jin, Chenhao; Chang, Henry; Wang, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bechtel, Hans A.; Martin, Michael C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Berweger, Samuel] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Berweger, Samuel; Raschke, Markus B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Berweger, Samuel; Raschke, Markus B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Berweger, Samuel; Raschke, Markus B.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Kavli Energy NanoSci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM markus.raschke@colorado.edu; fengwang76@berkeley.edu RI Shi, Zhiwen/C-4945-2013; Raschke, Markus/F-8023-2013; Sun, Yinghui/I-5947-2016; wang, Feng/I-5727-2015 OI Shi, Zhiwen/0000-0002-3928-2960; FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0464]; David and Lucile Packard fellowship; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-12ER46893] FX Sample preparation and optical measurements in this work were mainly supported by the Office of Naval Research (award N00014-13-1-0464). F.W. acknowledges support from a David and Lucile Packard fellowship. The ALS is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the BSISB is supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, all through the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. M.R. acknowledges supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Award No. DE-FG02-12ER46893. Mention of commercial products is for informational purposes only; it does not imply NIST's recommendation or endorsement. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2330-4022 J9 ACS PHOTONICS JI ACS Photonics PD JUL PY 2015 VL 2 IS 7 BP 790 EP 796 DI 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00007 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA CN1OC UT WOS:000358188300002 ER PT J AU DePiper, GS AF DePiper, Geret S. TI To Bid or Not to Bid: The Role of Participation Rates in Conservation Auction Outcomes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE auction participation; bidding; conservation auctions; latent crabbing effort; fishery buybacks ID JOB-SATISFACTION; 1ST-PRICE AUCTIONS; BUYBACK PROGRAMS; FISHERIES; ENTRY; MANAGEMENT; SUBSIDIES; INCENTIVES; COMMUNITY; PRICES AB In this article, I jointly analyze stated willingness to accept values with revealed auction bids from fishing license buybacks in the Chesapeake Bay blue crab fishery in order to better understand the link between participation decisions and conservation outcomes. In contrast with theoretical expectations, I find individuals with the lowest willingness to accept participated in these reverse auctions at lower rates than other eligible individuals, all else being equal. This suggests that who bids in an auction plays an important role in the success of conservation outcomes. These results indicate that market design should expand to consider how, and whether, the economic incentives underlying auction participation align with desired conservation outcomes, both within fisheries and in natural resource management more broadly. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP DePiper, GS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM geret.depiper@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries; NOAA Fisheries/Sea Grant Graduate Fellowship in Marine Resource Economics FX Geret S. DePiper is an economist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Social Sciences Branch. I gratefully acknowledge the support of the NOAA Fisheries through a 2010 grant, and the NOAA Fisheries/Sea Grant Graduate Fellowship in Marine Resource Economics. Doug Lipton, Ted McConnell, Anna Alberini, and Eric Thunberg provided invaluable support in the development of this research, and the editor and two anonymous referees' feedback was fully appreciated. The views expressed are the author's and not necessarily those of NOAA Fisheries. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 EI 1467-8276 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1157 EP 1174 DI 10.1093/ajae/aav017 PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA CN1GI UT WOS:000358166100007 ER PT J AU Gaither, MR Wagner, D AF Gaither, Michelle R. Wagner, Daniel TI Promiscuous associations: observations of gold-saddle goatfishes in the Chagos Archipelago (Indian Ocean) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BEHAVIOR C1 [Gaither, Michelle R.] Calif Acad Sci, Sect Ichthyol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Wagner, Daniel] NOAA Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. RP Gaither, MR (reprint author), Calif Acad Sci, Sect Ichthyol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM michellergaither@gmail.com RI Gaither, Michelle/J-3137-2015 OI Gaither, Michelle/0000-0002-0371-5621 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 91 IS 3 BP 321 EP 322 DI 10.5343/bms.2015.1016 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CN5FJ UT WOS:000358454900003 ER EF