FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Quackenbush, NF Wangoh, L Scanlon, DO Zhang, R Chung, Y Chen, Z Wen, B Lin, Y Woicik, JC Chernova, NA Ong, SP Whittingham, MS Piper, LFJ AF Quackenbush, N. F. Wangoh, L. Scanlon, D. O. Zhang, R. Chung, Y. Chen, Z. Wen, B. Lin, Y. Woicik, J. C. Chernova, N. A. Ong, S. P. Whittingham, M. S. Piper, L. F. J. TI Interfacial Effects in epsilon-LixVOPO4 and Evolution of the Electronic Structure SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; VANADIUM-OXIDES; SURFACE; CATHODE; EPSILON-VOPO4; TRANSITION AB The epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate epsilon-VOPO4 is a promising cathode material for high-capacity Li ion batteries, owing to its demonstrated ability to reversibly incorporate two lithium ions per redox center. As lithium is inserted into the nanosized particles within the cathode, the electrochemical reaction 2 can be largely affected by the interfacial chemistry at the nanoparticle surface. We performed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using both soft (XPS) and hard (HAXPES) X-rays to chemically distinguish and depth-resolve the interfacial phase transitions in epsilon-VOPO4 electrodes as a function of electrochemical discharge. Our analysis shows that the second lithium reaction begins before the full incorporation of the first lithium. This results in a pronounced lithium gradient within the nanopartides, with the epsilon-Li2VOPO4 phase only forming near the surface. These results indicate that a disruption of the kinetics are limiting the realized capacity in our hydrothermally synthesized epsilon-VOPO4. Moreover, from inspection of the valence band region, we were able to monitor the evolution of epsilon-VOPO4 to epsilon-Li2VOPO4 at the surface of our nanopartides. These assignments are confirmed by hybrid density functional theory of the three end phases. C1 [Quackenbush, N. F.; Wangoh, L.; Zhang, R.; Piper, L. F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Scanlon, D. O.] UCL, Kathleen Lonsdale Mat Chem, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. [Scanlon, D. O.] Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. [Chung, Y.; Chen, Z.; Chernova, N. A.; Whittingham, M. S.] SUNY Binghamton, Northeast Ctr Chem Energy Storage NECCES, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Chen, Z.] Cent S Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Wen, B.] SUNY Binghamton, Chem & Mat, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Lin, Y.; Ong, S. P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept NanoEngn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Piper, L. F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Mat Sci & Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RP Piper, LFJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM lpiper@binghamton.edu RI Scanlon, David/B-1516-2008; Piper, Louis/C-2960-2011 OI Scanlon, David/0000-0001-9174-8601; Piper, Louis/0000-0002-3421-3210 FU NECCES, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012583]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; EPSRC [EP/L000202] FX This work was supported as part of NECCES, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0012583. The NSLS is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The simulations made use the ARCHER supercomputer through membership of the UK's HPC Materials Chemistry Consortium (EPSRC grant EP/L000202). NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC 22 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 24 BP 8211 EP 8219 DI 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02145 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DA1NH UT WOS:000367562000007 ER PT J AU Murphy, RJ Weigandt, KM Uhrig, D Alsayed, A Badre, C Hough, L Muthukumar, M AF Murphy, Ryan J. Weigandt, Katie M. Uhrig, David Alsayed, Ahmed Badre, Chantal Hough, Larry Muthukumar, Murugappan TI Scattering Studies on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Polystyrenesulfonate in the Presence of Ionic Liquids SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY-SCATTERING; SIGNIFICANT CONDUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT; DILUTE-SOLUTIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; POLY(STYRENESULFONATE) FILMS; NANOSTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ANIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; ORDERED STRUCTURE AB The demand for lower cost and flexible electronics has driven industry to develop alternative transparent electrode (TB) materials to replace indium tin oxide (ITO). ITO is the benchmark TE on the market, but its high cost and low flexibility limit it for use in future technologies. Recent work has shown the combination of the conducting polymer poly (3,4- ethylene dioxythiophene)p-olystyrene-sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate (EMIM:TCB) is a viable ITO replacement. The work presented here investigates the nature of the interaction between PEDOT:PSS and EMIIVI:TCB in the solution state. A combination of scattering methods is used to illustrate a novel, multilength scale model of this system. At length scales larger than 300 nm PEODT:PSS adopts a micro.gel-like structure, and below similar to 300 nm the system adopts an entangled polyelectrolyte mesh structure. As EMIM:TCB is added, the microgel interior adopts a more neutral polymer mesh structure as EMIM:TCB concentration is increased. C1 [Murphy, Ryan J.; Alsayed, Ahmed; Badre, Chantal; Hough, Larry] CNRS SOLVAY PENN UMI 3254, Complex Assemblies Soft Matter, Bristol, PA 19007 USA. [Weigandt, Katie M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Uhrig, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Muthukumar, Murugappan] Univ Massachusetts, Silvio O Conte Natl Ctr Polymer Res, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Murphy, RJ (reprint author), CNRS SOLVAY PENN UMI 3254, Complex Assemblies Soft Matter, Bristol, PA 19007 USA. EM ryan.murphy@solvay.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Department of Energy FX This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 22 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 24 BP 8989 EP 8997 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02320 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CZ7KY UT WOS:000367279500033 ER PT J AU Anderegg, WRL Ballantyne, AP Smith, WK Majkut, J Rabin, S Beaulieu, C Birdsey, R Dunne, JP Houghton, RA Myneni, RB Pan, YD Sarmiento, JL Serota, N Shevliakova, E Tans, P Pacala, SW AF Anderegg, William R. L. Ballantyne, Ashley P. Smith, W. Kolby Majkut, Joseph Rabin, Sam Beaulieu, Claudie Birdsey, Richard Dunne, John P. Houghton, Richard A. Myneni, Ranga B. Pan, Yude Sarmiento, Jorge L. Serota, Nathan Shevliakova, Elena Tans, Pieter Pacala, Stephen W. TI Tropical nighttime warming as a dominant driver of variability in the terrestrial carbon sink SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate change; climate feedback; asymmetrical warming; carbon budget; inversion model ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CYCLE FEEDBACKS; LAND-USE; NORTHERN ECOSYSTEMS; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; INCREASING CO2; DIOXIDE UPTAKE; CLIMATE; SENSITIVITY AB The terrestrial biosphere is currently a strong carbon (C) sink but may switch to a source in the 21st century as climate-driven losses exceed CO2-driven C gains, thereby accelerating global warming. Although it has long been recognized that tropical climate plays a critical role in regulating interannual climate variability, the causal link between changes in temperature and precipitation and terrestrial processes remains uncertain. Here, we combine atmospheric mass balance, remote sensing-modeled datasets of vegetation C uptake, and climate datasets to characterize the temporal variability of the terrestrial C sink and determine the dominant climate drivers of this variability. We show that the interannual variability of global land C sink has grown by 50-100% over the past 50 y. We further find that interannual land C sink variability is most strongly linked to tropical nighttime warming, likely through respiration. This apparent sensitivity of respiration to nighttime temperatures, which are projected to increase faster than global average temperatures, suggests that C stored in tropical forests may be vulnerable to future warming. C1 [Anderegg, William R. L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Anderegg, William R. L.; Rabin, Sam; Pacala, Stephen W.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Anderegg, William R. L.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ballantyne, Ashley P.; Smith, W. Kolby; Serota, Nathan] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Majkut, Joseph; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Beaulieu, Claudie] Univ Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Birdsey, Richard; Pan, Yude] US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Dunne, John P.; Shevliakova, Elena] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Houghton, Richard A.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Myneni, Ranga B.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Tans, Pieter] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Anderegg, WRL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM anderegg@princeton.edu; pacala@princeton.edu RI Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012; OI Rabin, Sam/0000-0003-4095-1129 FU Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters; Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University; US National Science Foundation (NSF) MacroSystems Biology Grant Division of Environmental Biology [EF-1340270]; NSF RAPID [DEB-1249256]; NSF Early Concept Grants for Exploratory Research (EAGER) [1550932]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate and Global Change postdoctoral fellowship FX We thank Pekka Kauppi and the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University for sponsoring the workshop that led to this paper. W.R.L.A. was supported, in part, by US National Science Foundation (NSF) MacroSystems Biology Grant Division of Environmental Biology EF-1340270, NSF RAPID Grant DEB-1249256, NSF Early Concept Grants for Exploratory Research (EAGER) Grant 1550932, and a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate and Global Change postdoctoral fellowship, administered by the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 52 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 22 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 51 BP 15591 EP 15596 DI 10.1073/pnas.1521479112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CZ2DT UT WOS:000366916000037 PM 26644555 ER PT J AU Zavala-Araiza, D Lyon, DR Alvarez, RA Davis, KJ Harriss, R Herndon, SC Karion, A Kort, EA Lamb, BK Lan, X Marchese, AJ Pacala, SW Robinson, AL Shepson, PB Sweeney, C Talbot, R Townsend-Small, A Yacovitch, TI Zimmerle, DJ Hamburg, SP AF Zavala-Araiza, Daniel Lyon, David R. Alvarez, Ramon A. Davis, Kenneth J. Harriss, Robert Herndon, Scott C. Karion, Anna Kort, Eric Adam Lamb, Brian K. Lan, Xin Marchese, Anthony J. Pacala, Stephen W. Robinson, Allen L. Shepson, Paul B. Sweeney, Colm Talbot, Robert Townsend-Small, Amy Yacovitch, Tara I. Zimmerle, Daniel J. Hamburg, Steven P. TI Reconciling divergent estimates of oil and gas methane emissions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE methane emissions; oil and gas emissions; greenhouse gas footprint; natural gas supply chain; Barnett Shale ID BARNETT SHALE REGION; UNITED-STATES; PRODUCTION SITES; PROCESS EQUIPMENT; BASIN; QUANTIFICATION; INFRASTRUCTURE; TRANSMISSION; OPERATIONS; PRESSURE AB Published estimates of methane emissions from atmospheric data (top-down approaches) exceed those from source-based inventories (bottom-up approaches), leading to conflicting claims about the climate implications of fuel switching from coal or petroleum to natural gas. Based on data from a coordinated campaign in the Barnett Shale oil and gas-producing region of Texas, we find that top-down and bottom-up estimates of both total and fossil methane emissions agree within statistical confidence intervals (relative differences are 10% for fossil methane and 0.1% for total methane). We reduced uncertainty in top-down estimates by using repeated mass balance measurements, as well as ethane as a fingerprint for source attribution. Similarly, our bottom-up estimate incorporates a more complete count of facilities than past inventories, which omitted a significant number of major sources, and more effectively accounts for the influence of large emission sources using a statistical estimator that integrates observations from multiple ground-based measurement datasets. Two percent of oil and gas facilities in the Barnett accounts for half of methane emissions at any given time, and high-emitting facilities appear to be spatiotemporally variable. Measured oil and gas methane emissions are 90% larger than estimates based on the US Environmental Protection Agency's Greenhouse Gas Inventory and correspond to 1.5% of natural gas production. This rate of methane loss increases the 20-y climate impacts of natural gas consumed in the region by roughly 50%. C1 [Zavala-Araiza, Daniel; Lyon, David R.; Alvarez, Ramon A.; Harriss, Robert; Hamburg, Steven P.] Environm Def Fund, Austin, TX 78701 USA. [Davis, Kenneth J.] Carbon Now Cast LLC, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. [Herndon, Scott C.; Yacovitch, Tara I.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kort, Eric Adam] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lamb, Brian K.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Lan, Xin; Talbot, Robert] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Marchese, Anthony J.; Zimmerle, Daniel J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pacala, Stephen W.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Robinson, Allen L.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Townsend-Small, Amy] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Pacala, SW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM pacala@princeton.edu; shamburg@edf.org RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Robinson, Allen/M-3046-2014 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Robinson, Allen/0000-0002-1819-083X FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Heising-Simons Foundation; Robertson Foundation; TomKat Charitable Trust; Walton Family Foundation FX We thank the project's Scientific Advisory Panel: D. Blewitt, S. Hanna, D. Jacob and F. O'Sullivan. Funding for this work was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Fiona and Stan Druckenmiller, Heising-Simons Foundation, Bill and Susan Oberndorf, Betsy and Sam Reeves, the Robertson Foundation, TomKat Charitable Trust, and the Walton Family Foundation. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 34 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 22 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 51 BP 15597 EP 15602 DI 10.1073/pnas.1522126112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CZ2DT UT WOS:000366916000038 PM 26644584 ER PT J AU Kofu, M Tyagi, M Inamura, Y Miyazaki, K Yamamuro, O AF Kofu, Maiko Tyagi, Madhusudan Inamura, Yasuhiro Miyazaki, Kyoko Yamamuro, Osamu TI Quasielastic neutron scattering studies on glass-forming ionic liquids with imidazolium cations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALKYL-CHAIN-LENGTH; X-RAY-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; RELAXATION PROCESSES; SPIN-ECHO AB Relaxation processes for imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) were investigated by means of an incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering technique. In order to clarify the cation and anion effects on the relaxation processes, ten samples were measured. For all of the samples, we found three relaxations at around 1 ps, 10 ps, and 100 ps-10 ns, each corresponding to the alkyl reorientation, the relaxation related to the imidazolium ring, and the ionic diffusion. The activation energy (E-a) for the alkyl relaxation is insensitive to both anion and alkyl chain lengths. On the other hand, for the imidazolium relaxation and the ionic diffusion processes, E-a increases as the anion size decreases but is almost independent of the alkyl chain length. This indicates that the ionic diffusion and imidazolium relaxation are governed by the Coulombic interaction between the core parts of the cations (imidazolium ring) and the anions. This is consistent with the fact that the imidazolium-based ILs have nanometer scale structures consisting of ionic and neutral (alkyl chain) domains. It is also found that there is a clear correlation between the ionic diffusion and viscosity, indicating that the ionic diffusion is mainly associated with the glass transition which is one of the characteristics of imidazolium-based ILs. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Kofu, Maiko; Inamura, Yasuhiro; Miyazaki, Kyoko; Yamamuro, Osamu] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yamamuro, O (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. EM yamamuro@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp FU MEXT, Japan [17073004]; U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program on Neutron Scattering FX This work is financially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Area No. 17073004, MEXT, Japan. The experiments at NCNR was financially supported by the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program on Neutron Scattering. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 21 PY 2015 VL 143 IS 23 AR 234502 DI 10.1063/1.4937413 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DD3FD UT WOS:000369806500024 PM 26696061 ER PT J AU Manson, JL Huang, QZ Brown, CM Lynn, JW Stone, MB Singleton, J Xiao, F AF Manson, Jamie L. Huang, Qing-zhen Brown, Craig M. Lynn, Jeffrey W. Stone, Matthew B. Singleton, John Xiao, Fan TI Magnetic Structure and Exchange Interactions in Quasi-One-Dimensional MnCl2(urea)(2) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LINEAR-CHAIN; POLYNUCLEAR AGGREGATION; SPIN; COMPLEXES; ANTIFERROMAGNET; MANGANESE; SYSTEMS; NI; PYRAZINE; RB2CRCL4 AB MnCl2(urea)(2) is a new linear chain coordination polymer that exhibits slightly counter-rotated Mn2Cl2 rhomboids along the chain-axis. The material crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Iba2, with each Mn(II) ion equatorially surrounded by four Cl- that lead to bibridged ribbons. Urea ligands coordinate via O atoms in the axial positions. Hydrogen bonds of the Cl center dot center dot center dot H-N and O center dot center dot center dot H-N type link the chains into a quasi-3D network. Magnetic susceptibility data reveal a broad maximum at 9 K that is consistent with short-range magnetic order. Pulsed-field magnetization measurements conducted at 0.6 K show that a fully polarized magnetic state is achieved at B-sat = 19.6 T with another field-induced phase transition occurring at 2.8 T. Zero-field neutron diffraction studies made on a powdered sample of MnCl2(urea)(2) reveal that long-range magnetic order occurs below T-N = 3.2(1) K. Additional Bragg peaks due to antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering can be indexed according to the Ib'a2' magnetic space group and propagation vector tau = [0, 0, 0]. Rietveld profile analysis of these data revealed a Neel-type collinear ordering of Mn(II) ions with an ordered magnetic moment of 4.06(6) mu(B) (5 mu(B) is expected for isotropic S = 5/2) oriented along the b-axis, i.e., perpendicular to the chain-axis that runs along the c-direction. Owing to the potential for spatial exchange anisotropy and the pitfalls in modeling bulk magnetic data, we analyzed inelastic neutron scattering data to retrieve the exchange constants: J(c) = 2.22 K (intrachain), J(a) = -0.10 K (interchain), and D = -0.14 K with J > 0 assigned to AFM coupling. This J configuration is most unusual and contrasts the more commonly observed AFM interchain coupling of 1D chains. C1 [Manson, Jamie L.] Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. [Huang, Qing-zhen; Brown, Craig M.; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NISTCtr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Stone, Matthew B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Singleton, John] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Xiao, Fan] Univ Durham, Ctr Phys Mat, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Manson, JL (reprint author), Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. EM jmanson@ewu.edu RI Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-1306158]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1157490]; State of Florida; U.S. Department of Energy (DoE); DoE Basic Energy Science Field Work Proposal "Science in 100 T"; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX The work at EWU was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant DMR-1306158. J.L.M. thanks Prof. Jesper Bendix for helpful discussions. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing their neutron research facilities used in this work; identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by NIST. Work performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, USA, was supported by the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement DMR-1157490, the State of Florida, and the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE), and through the DoE Basic Energy Science Field Work Proposal "Science in 100 T." The research at ORNL was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 21 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 24 BP 11897 EP 11905 DI 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02162 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA CZ5BU UT WOS:000367118100036 PM 26645988 ER PT J AU Kim, KW Lee, KJ Lee, HW Stiles, MD AF Kim, Kyoung-Whan Lee, Kyung-Jin Lee, Hyun-Woo Stiles, M. D. TI Intrinsic spin torque without spin-orbit coupling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; DOMAIN-WALL; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; HALL CONDUCTIVITY; DYNAMICS; FIELD AB We derive an intrinsic contribution to the nonadiabatic spin torque for nonuniform magnetic textures. It differs from previously considered contributions in several ways and can be the dominant contribution in some models. It does not depend on the change in occupation of the electron states due to the current flow but rather is due to the perturbation of the electronic states when an electric field is applied. Therefore it should be viewed as electric-field-induced rather than current-induced. Unlike previously reported nonadiabatic spin torques, it does not originate from extrinsic relaxation mechanisms or spin-orbit coupling. This intrinsic nonadiabatic spin torque is related by a chiral connection to the intrinsic spin-orbit torque that has been calculated from the Berry phase for Rashba systems. C1 [Kim, Kyoung-Whan] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Basic Sci Res Inst, Pohang 37673, South Korea. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, PCTP, Pohang 37673, South Korea. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 37673, South Korea. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, KU KIST Grad Sch Converging Sci & Technol, Seoul 136713, South Korea. RP Kim, KW (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Basic Sci Res Inst, Pohang 37673, South Korea. EM hwl@postech.ac.kr; mark.stiles@nist.gov RI Lee, Kyung-Jin/B-4431-2010; Lee, Hyun-Woo/B-8995-2008; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; OI Lee, Kyung-Jin/0000-0001-6269-2266; Lee, Hyun-Woo/0000-0002-1648-8093; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; Kim, Kyoung-Whan/0000-0002-1382-7088 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [2013R1A2A2A01013188]; NRF [2011-0030046, 2013R1A2A2A05006237]; Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy of Korea [10044723]; Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology; Basic Science Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX K.W.K. acknowledges stimulating discussions with D. Go. K.J.L. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (2013R1A2A2A01013188). H.W.L. and K.W.K. were supported by NRF (2011-0030046, 2013R1A2A2A05006237) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy of Korea (No. 10044723). K.W.K. was supported by Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, based on a Collaborative Research Agreement with Basic Science Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology. K.W.K. also acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Grant No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 21 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 22 AR 224426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.224426 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CZ4GD UT WOS:000367060600004 ER PT J AU Nalewajko, K Uzdensky, DA Cerutti, B Werner, GR Begelman, MC AF Nalewajko, Krzysztof Uzdensky, Dmitri A. Cerutti, Benoit Werner, Gregory R. Begelman, Mitchell C. TI ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICLE ACCELERATION SITES IN PLASMOID-DOMINATED RELATIVISTIC MAGNETIC RECONNECTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; magnetic reconnection ID GAMMA-RAY FLARES; CRAB-NEBULA; PAIR PLASMAS; CURRENT SHEET; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; NONTHERMAL PARTICLES; SIMULATIONS; BLAZARS; VARIABILITY; DISSIPATION AB We investigate the distribution of particle acceleration sites, independently of the actual acceleration mechanism, during plasmoid-dominated, relativistic collisionless magnetic reconnection by analyzing the results of a particle-in-cell numerical simulation. The simulation is initiated with Harris-type current layers in pair plasma with no guide magnetic field, negligible radiative losses, no initial perturbation, and using periodic boundary conditions. We find that the plasmoids develop a robust internal structure, with colder dense cores and hotter outer shells, that is recovered after each plasmoid merger on a dynamical timescale. We use spacetime diagrams of the reconnection layers to probe the evolution of plasmoids, and in this context we investigate the individual particle histories for a representative sample of energetic electrons. We distinguish three classes of particle acceleration sites associated with (1) magnetic X-points, (2) regions between merging plasmoids, and (3) the trailing edges of accelerating plasmoids. We evaluate the contribution of each class of acceleration sites to the final energy distribution of energetic electrons: magnetic X-points dominate at moderate energies, and the regions between merging plasmoids dominate at higher energies. We also identify the dominant acceleration scenarios, in order of decreasing importance: (1) single acceleration between merging plasmoids, (2) single acceleration at a magnetic X-point, and (3) acceleration at a magnetic X-point followed by acceleration in a plasmoid. Particle acceleration is absent only in the vicinity of stationary plasmoids. The effect of magnetic mirrors due to plasmoid contraction does not appear to be significant in relativistic reconnection. C1 [Nalewajko, Krzysztof] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Nalewajko, Krzysztof; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nalewajko, Krzysztof; Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Uzdensky, Dmitri A.; Werner, Gregory R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cerutti, Benoit] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nalewajko, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 2575 Sand Hill Rd M-S 29, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM knalew@stanford.edu OI Cerutti, Benoit/0000-0001-6295-596X; WERNER, GREGORY/0000-0001-9039-9032; BEGELMAN, MITCHELL/0000-0003-0936-8488 FU NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant [NNX14AB37G]; NSF [AST-1411879]; DoE [DE-SC0008409]; NASA Fermi Guest Investigator Program; NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship [PF3-140130]; NASA [NAS8-03060]; Lyman Spitzer Jr. Fellowship - Department of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University; Max-Planck/Princeton Center for Plasma Physics FX This work was supported in part by NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant NNX14AB37G, NSF grant AST-1411879, DoE grant DE-SC0008409, and NASA Fermi Guest Investigator Program. K.N. was supported by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship grant number PF3-140130 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060. B.C. acknowledges support from the Lyman Spitzer Jr. Fellowship awarded by the Department of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University, and the Max-Planck/Princeton Center for Plasma Physics. We acknowledge the use of computational resources obtained from XSEDE (Stampede), University of Colorado Research Computing (Janus), and the local cluster Verus at the Center for Integrated Plasma Studies at the University of Colorado Boulder. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2015 VL 815 IS 2 AR 101 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/815/2/101 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CZ5OG UT WOS:000367151300021 ER PT J AU Barrett, PM Resing, JA Buck, NJ Landing, WM Morton, PL Shelley, RU AF Barrett, Pamela M. Resing, Joseph A. Buck, Nathaniel J. Landing, William M. Morton, Peter L. Shelley, Rachel U. TI Changes in the distribution of Al and particulate Fe along A16N in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean between 2003 and 2013: Implications for changes in dust deposition SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Iron; Aluminum; Suspended particulate matter; Temporal variations; North Atlantic Ocean AB Particulate Al and Fe and dissolved Al concentrations were analyzed in seawater samples from the upper 1000 m of the eastern North Atlantic Ocean along the CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography Program section A16N in summer 2013, repeating trace metal observations made along the A16N transect a decade earlier. Upper-ocean trace metal distributions in the equatorial and subtropical regions of the North Atlantic are heavily influenced by atmospheric aerosol sources. Using changes in the concentrations of subsurface particulate Al and Fe and mixed-layer dissolved Al in the equatorial North Atlantic, we estimate dust deposition to surface waters in the eastern North Atlantic increased by approximately 15% between 2003 and 2013. Increased concentrations of dissolved Al in subtropical mode waters suggest that dust deposition may have also increased in the western basin. Our observations are consistent with recent reports linking increasing sea surface temperatures in the tropical North Atlantic to increased removal of atmospheric dust via precipitation over the past several decades and highlight the importance of accurate representation of dust deposition processes for modeling Fe biogeochemistry. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barrett, Pamela M.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Barrett, Pamela M.; Resing, Joseph A.; Buck, Nathaniel J.] Univ Washington PMEL NOAA, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA USA. [Landing, William M.; Morton, Peter L.; Shelley, Rachel U.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Barrett, PM (reprint author), Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM barrettp@uw.edu; joseph.resing@noaa.gov; nathan.buck@noaa.gov; wlanding@fsu.edu; pmorton@fsu.edu; rachel.shelley@univ-brest.fr FU NSF/NOAA; NSF [OCE-1260376, OCE-1260287] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Randy Morton for assistance with trace metal sample collection during the 2013 A16N cruise along with the Captain and crew of the RV Ronald H. Brown and the NSF/NOAA-funded U.S. Repeat Hydrography Program, including Richard Feely, Molly Barringer, and John Bullister. We also thank Eric Ward for helpful discussions and two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. This work was funded by NSF grants OCE-1260376 to JAR and OCE-1260287 to WML. This is JISAO publication #2371 and PMEL publication #4237. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD DEC 20 PY 2015 VL 177 SI SI BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.02.009 PN 1 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA CZ0IL UT WOS:000366788300006 ER PT J AU Gentry, CM Shainline, JM Wade, MT Stevens, MJ Dyer, SD Zeng, XG Pavanello, F Gerrits, T Nam, SW Mirin, RP Popovic, MA AF Gentry, Cale M. Shainline, Jeffrey M. Wade, Mark T. Stevens, Martin J. Dyer, Shellee D. Zeng, Xiaoge Pavanello, Fabio Gerrits, Thomas Nam, Sae Woo Mirin, Richard P. Popovic, Milos A. TI Quantum-correlated photon pairs generated in a commercial 45 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor microelectronic chip SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID MICRO-RING RESONATOR; SILICON WAVE-GUIDES; SLOW-LIGHT; ENTANGLED PHOTONS; DELAY-LINES; INTERFERENCE; POLARIZATION; PERFORMANCE; NETWORKS; OPTICS AB Correlated photon pairs are a fundamental building block of quantum photonic systems. While pair sources have previously been integrated on silicon chips built using customized photonics manufacturing processes, these often take advantage of only a small fraction of the established techniques for microelectronics fabrication and have yet to be integrated in a process that also supports electronics. Here we report the first demonstration of quantum-correlated photon pair generation in a device fabricated in an unmodified advanced (sub-100-nm) complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, alongside millions of working transistors. The microring resonator photon pair source is formed in the transistor layer structure, with the resonator core formed by the silicon layer typically used for the transistor body. With ultralow CW on-chip pump powers ranging from 4.8 to 400 mu W, we demonstrate pair generation rates between 165 Hz and 332 kHz using >80% efficient WSi superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Coincidences-to-accidentals ratios consistently exceeding 40 were measured, with a maximum of 55. In the process of characterizing this source, we also accurately predict pair generation rates from the results of classical stimulated four-wave mixing measurements. This proof-of-principle device demonstrates the potential of commercial CMOS microelectronics as an advanced quantum photonics platform with the capability of large volumes and pristine process control, where state-of-the-art high-speed digital circuits could interact with quantumphotonic circuits. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Gentry, Cale M.; Wade, Mark T.; Zeng, Xiaoge; Pavanello, Fabio; Popovic, Milos A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shainline, Jeffrey M.; Stevens, Martin J.; Dyer, Shellee D.; Gerrits, Thomas; Nam, Sae Woo; Mirin, Richard P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zeng, Xiaoge] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gentry, CM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cale.gentry@colorado.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N000141410259] FX Office of Naval Research (ONR) (N000141410259). NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD DEC 20 PY 2015 VL 2 IS 12 BP 1065 EP 1071 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.2.001065 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CZ4RT UT WOS:000367091100011 ER PT J AU Yin, JF Zheng, YF Zhan, XW Hain, CR Zhai, QF Duan, CC Wu, RJ Liu, JC Fang, L AF Yin, Jifu Zheng, Youfei Zhan, Xiwu Hain, Christopher R. Zhai, Qingfei Duan, Changchun Wu, Rongjun Liu, Jicheng Fang, Li TI An assessment of impacts of land-cover changes on root-zone soil moisture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID VALIDATION DATA SET; POYANG LAKE BASIN; ANNUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SURFACE MODEL; CHINA; CLASSIFICATION; CLIMATE; FOREST; ASSIMILATION; VEGETATION AB Land cover exerts considerable control over the exchange of energy, water, and carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases between land surface and the atmosphere. In China, dramatic land-cover changes have occurred along with rapid economic development in the past 30years. However, research specifically on whether such land-cover changes have any influence on root-zone soil moisture in the region has started only in very recent few years. In this study, the performance of selected land-surface models (Noah 2.7.1, Noah 3.2, Common Land Model (CLM version 2.0), and Mosaic) implemented in National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Land Information System (LIS version 6.1.6) is first tested using quality-controlled soil moisture observations from 108 in situ sites of the China Meteorological Administration. The best-performing model (CLM2.0) is selected to estimate the influence of land-cover changes on root-zone soil moisture, as well as drought occurrence in Yunnan Province in China. Both the 1992-1993 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and 2007-2010 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Collection 5 (MODIS) land-cover products at 1km resolution are employed to represent 1990 and 2010 land-cover status, respectively. These are verified using the local ground records of Yunnan Province over the two time periods. Their differences are considered roughly as land-cover changes occurring during the period 1990-2010. It is found that land-cover changes from primeval forest to grassland may increase root-zone soil moisture, thus reducing drought, while changes from grassland and primeval forest to cropland or reforested areas have increased the likelihood of drought. C1 [Yin, Jifu; Hain, Christopher R.; Liu, Jicheng; Fang, Li] Univ Maryland, ESSIC CICS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yin, Jifu; Zhan, Xiwu; Hain, Christopher R.; Liu, Jicheng; Fang, Li] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zheng, Youfei; Wu, Rongjun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher Environm Monitoring & P, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhai, Qingfei] Liaoning Weather Modificat Off, Shenyang 110166, Peoples R China. [Duan, Changchun] Yunnan Res Inst Meteorol Sci, Kunming 650034, Peoples R China. RP Yin, JF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC CICS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jifu.yin@noaa.gov RI Liu, Jicheng/B-4575-2009; Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41575110]; NOAA JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction (PGRR) Program; Graduate Education Innovation Project in Jiangsu Province [CXZZ12_0499] FX The authors would like to acknowledge financial support for this study by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No: 41575110], the NOAA JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction (PGRR) Program, and the Graduate Education Innovation Project in Jiangsu Province [No: CXZZ12_0499]. We would also like to thank Mr Ken Pryor from NOAA-NESDIS-STAR for his efforts in improving the language quality of this paper. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD DEC 20 PY 2015 VL 36 IS 24 BP 6116 EP 6134 DI 10.1080/01431161.2015.1111539 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CX7FI UT WOS:000365867200007 ER PT J AU Yarbrough, JM Mittal, A Mansfield, E Taylor, LE Hobdey, SE Sammond, DW Bomble, YJ Crowley, MF Decker, SR Himmel, ME Vinzant, TB AF Yarbrough, John M. Mittal, Ashutosh Mansfield, Elisabeth Taylor, Larry E., II Hobdey, Sarah E. Sammond, Deanne W. Bomble, Yannick J. Crowley, Michael F. Decker, Stephen R. Himmel, Michael E. Vinzant, Todd B. TI New perspective on glycoside hydrolase binding to lignin from pretreated corn stover SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS LA English DT Article DE Lignin; Glycoside hydrolase; Enzyme binding; Cellulase; Biomass; Pretreatment ID DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; CELLULOSE; INHIBITION; ADSORPTION; CELLULASES; SACCHARIFICATION; TECHNOLOGIES; SOFTWOOD; GLUCOSE AB Background: Non-specific binding of cellulases to lignin has been implicated as a major factor in the loss of cellulase activity during biomass conversion to sugars. It is believed that this binding may strongly impact process economics through loss of enzyme activities during hydrolysis and enzyme recycling scenarios. The current model suggests glycoside hydrolase activities are lost though non-specific/non-productive binding of carbohydrate-binding domains to lignin, limiting catalytic site access to the carbohydrate components of the cell wall. Results: In this study, we have compared component enzyme affinities of a commercial Trichoderma reesei cellulase formulation, Cellic CTec2, towards extracted corn stover lignin using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and p-nitrophenyl substrate activities to monitor component binding, activity loss, and total protein binding. Protein binding was strongly affected by pH and ionic strength. beta-D-glucosidases and xylanases, which do not have carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) and are basic proteins, demonstrated the strongest binding at low ionic strength, suggesting that CBMs are not the dominant factor in enzyme adsorption to lignin. Despite strong adsorption to insoluble lignin, beta-D-glucosidase and xylanase activities remained high, with process yields decreasing only 4-15 % depending on lignin concentration. Conclusion: We propose that specific enzyme adsorption to lignin from a mixture of biomass-hydrolyzing enzymes is a competitive affinity where beta-d-glucosidases and xylanases can displace CBM interactions with lignin. Process parameters, such as temperature, pH, and salt concentration influence the individual enzymes' affinity for lignin, and both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are responsible for this binding phenomenon. Moreover, our results suggest that concern regarding loss of critical cell wall degrading enzymes to lignin adsorption may be unwarranted when complex enzyme mixtures are used to digest biomass. C1 [Yarbrough, John M.; Mittal, Ashutosh; Taylor, Larry E., II; Sammond, Deanne W.; Bomble, Yannick J.; Crowley, Michael F.; Decker, Stephen R.; Himmel, Michael E.; Vinzant, Todd B.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab NREL, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Mansfield, Elisabeth] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hobdey, Sarah E.] Dept Vet Affairs, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Himmel, ME (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab NREL, Biosci Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Mike.Himmel@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and by the Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO). NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 28 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1754-6834 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOFUELS JI Biotechnol. Biofuels PD DEC 18 PY 2015 VL 8 AR 214 DI 10.1186/s13068-015-0397-6 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA CZ6QZ UT WOS:000367227100002 PM 26691693 ER PT J AU Huber, T Predojevic, A Foger, D Solomon, G Weihs, G AF Huber, Tobias Predojevic, Ana Foeger, Daniel Solomon, Glenn Weihs, Gregor TI Optimal excitation conditions for indistinguishable photons from quantum dots SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quantum dots; quantum description of interaction of light and matter; related experiments; photoluminescence of III-V semiconductors ID ENTANGLED PHOTONS; INTERFERENCE; PAIRS; COMPUTATION; GENERATION; DEVICE AB In this paper, we present a detailed, all optical study of the influence of different excitation schemes on the indistinguishability of single photons from a single InAs quantum dot. For this study, we measure the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference of consecutive photons from the spontaneous emission of an InAs quantum dot state under various excitation schemes and different excitation conditions and give a comparison. C1 [Huber, Tobias; Predojevic, Ana; Foeger, Daniel; Solomon, Glenn; Weihs, Gregor] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Solomon, Glenn] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Solomon, Glenn] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. RP Huber, T (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Tech Str 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. OI Weihs, Gregor/0000-0003-2260-3008; Huber, Tobias/0000-0002-5788-8501 FU European Research Council [257531]; Austrian Academy of Sciences (OAW); Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [V-375]; NSF PFC@JQI; Fulbright Austrian American Educational Commission through the Fulbright-University of Innsbruck Visiting Scholar program FX This work was funded by the European Research Council (project EnSeNa, no 257531). TH thanks the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OAW) for receiving a DOC Fellowship. AP would like to thank Austrian Science Fund (FWF) for support provided through Elise Richter Fellowship V-375. GSS acknowledges partial support from the NSF PFC@JQI, and from Fulbright Austrian American Educational Commission through the Fulbright-University of Innsbruck Visiting Scholar program. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD DEC 18 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 123025 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/12/123025 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CZ3QC UT WOS:000367018100001 ER PT J AU Safavi-Naini, A Wall, ML Rey, AM AF Safavi-Naini, A. Wall, M. L. Rey, A. M. TI Role of interspecies interactions in the preparation of a low-entropy gas of polar molecules in a lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STATE TRANSFER AB The preparation of a quantum degenerate gas of heteronuclear molecules has been an outstanding challenge. We use path-integral quantum Monte Carlo simulations to understand the role of interactions and finite temperature effects in the protocol currently employed to adiabatically prepare a low-entropy gas of polar molecules in a lattice starting from an ultracold Bose-Fermi mixture. We find that interspecies interactions affect the final temperature of the mixture after the adiabatic loading procedure and detrimentally limit the molecular peak filling. Our conclusions are in agreement with recent experimental measurements [Moses et al., Science 350, 659 (2015)] and therefore are of immediate relevance for the myriad experiments that aim to form molecules from dual-species atomic gases. C1 [Safavi-Naini, A.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Safavi-Naini, A (reprint author), NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NSF [PIF-1211914, PFC-1125844]; AFOSR; AFOSR-MURI; NIST; ARO individual investigator awards; NRC; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder FX We would like thank M. Garttner and B. Capogrosso-Sansone for useful discussions. This work was supported by the NSF (Grants No. PIF-1211914 and No. PFC-1125844), AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI, NIST, and ARO individual investigator awards. M.L.W. thanks the NRC for support. Part of the computing for this project was performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research (OSCER) at the University of Oklahoma (OU). This work also utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Award No. CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 18 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 6 AR 063416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.063416 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CY9ML UT WOS:000366730900003 ER PT J AU Bao, CY Chang, W Yang, CX Akhmediev, N Cundiff, ST AF Bao, Chengying Chang, Wonkeun Yang, Changxi Akhmediev, Nail Cundiff, Steven T. TI Observation of Coexisting Dissipative Solitons in a Mode-Locked Fiber Laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PULSES; LOCKING AB We show, experimentally and numerically, that a mode-locked fiber laser can operate in a regime where two dissipative soliton solutions coexist and the laser will periodically switch between the solutions. The two dissipative solitons differ in their pulse energy and spectrum. The switching can be controlled by an external perturbation and triggered even when switching does not occur spontaneously. Numerical simulations unveil the importance of the double-minima loss spectrum and nonlinear gain to the switching dynamics. C1 [Bao, Chengying; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bao, Chengying; Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bao, Chengying; Yang, Changxi] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Precis Instruments, State Key Lab Precis Measurement Technol & Instru, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Chang, Wonkeun; Akhmediev, Nail] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys & Engn, Opt Sci Grp, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Bao, CY (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@umich.edu FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [61177046, 61377039]; Australian Research Council [DE130101432, DP150102057] FX C. Bao and C. Yang acknowledge support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (61177046, 61377039). W. Chang and N. Akhmediev acknowledge the support of the Australian Research Council (DE130101432 and DP150102057). NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 25 AR 253903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.253903 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CY9LT UT WOS:000366729100003 PM 26722922 ER PT J AU Wehner, MF Easterling, DR AF Wehner, Michael F. Easterling, David R. TI The global warming hiatus's irrelevance SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID CLIMATE RESPONSE C1 [Wehner, Michael F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Easterling, David R.] NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Easterling, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM David.Easterling@noaa.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 49 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 18 PY 2015 VL 350 IS 6267 BP 1482 EP 1483 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY7LY UT WOS:000366591100042 PM 26680187 ER PT J AU Genkina, D Aycock, LM Stuhl, BK Lu, HI Williams, RA Spielman, IB AF Genkina, D. Aycock, L. M. Stuhl, B. K. Lu, H-I Williams, R. A. Spielman, I. B. TI Feshbach enhanced s-wave scattering of fermions: direct observation with optimized absorption imaging SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quantum gases; atomic physics; Feshbach resonances; absorption imaging ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; RESONANCES; ATOMS; COLLISIONS; THRESHOLD; GAS AB We directly measured the normalized s-wave scattering cross-section of ultracold K-40 atoms across a magnetic-field Feshbach resonance by colliding pairs of degenerate Fermi gases (DFGs) and imaging the scattered atoms. We extracted the scattered fraction for a range of bias magnetic fields, and measured the resonance location to be B-0 = 20.206(15) mT with width triangle = 1.0(5) mT. To optimize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of atom number in scattering images, we developed techniques to interpret absorption images in a regime where recoil induced detuning corrections are significant. These imaging techniques are generally applicable to experiments with lighter alkalis that would benefit from maximizing SNR on atom number counting at the expense of spatial imaging resolution. C1 [Genkina, D.; Aycock, L. M.; Stuhl, B. K.; Lu, H-I; Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Genkina, D.; Aycock, L. M.; Stuhl, B. K.; Lu, H-I; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aycock, L. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Williams, R. A.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RP Genkina, D (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ian.spielman@nist.gov OI Williams, Ross/0000-0001-9347-0922 FU AROs Atomtronics MURI; AFOSRs Quantum Matter MURI; NIST; NSF through the PFC at the JQI; National Research Council Research Associateship program; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship program FX We thank Marcell Gall for helpful discussions. We thank William R McGehee and Elizabeth A Goldschmidt for a careful reading of the manuscript. This work was partially supported by the AROs Atomtronics MURI, by the AFOSRs Quantum Matter MURI, NIST, and the NSF through the PFC at the JQI. BKS acknowledges support from the National Research Council Research Associateship program. LMA acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship program. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 18 AR 013001 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/1/013001 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DG8UZ UT WOS:000372360400001 ER PT J AU Wang, YH Kumar, A Jendrzejewski, F Wilson, RM Edwards, M Eckel, S Campbell, GK Clark, CW AF Wang, Yi-Hsieh Kumar, A. Jendrzejewski, F. Wilson, Ryan M. Edwards, Mark Eckel, S. Campbell, G. K. Clark, Charles W. TI Resonant wavepackets and shock waves in an atomtronic SQUID SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomtronics; shock waves; Bose-Einstein condensation; atom trap; sodium; quasiparticle; soliton ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; INTERFERENCE; PROPAGATION; PARTICLES; SOLITONS AB The fundamental dynamics of ultracold atomtronic devices are reflected in their phonon modes of excitation. We probe such a spectrum by applying a harmonically driven potential barrier to a Na-23 Bose-Einstein condensate in a ring-shaped trap. This perturbation excites phonon wavepackets. When excited resonantly, these wavepackets display a regular periodic structure. The resonant frequencies depend upon the particular configuration of the barrier, but are commensurate with the orbital frequency of a Bogoliubov sound wave traveling around the ring. Energy transfer to the condensate over many cycles of the periodic wavepacket motion causes enhanced atom loss from the trap at resonant frequencies. Solutions of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation exhibit quantitative agreement with the experimental data. We also observe the generation of supersonic shock waves under conditions of strong excitation, and collisions of two shock wavepackets. C1 [Wang, Yi-Hsieh; Kumar, A.; Jendrzejewski, F.; Wilson, Ryan M.; Edwards, Mark; Eckel, S.; Campbell, G. K.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Yi-Hsieh; Kumar, A.; Jendrzejewski, F.; Wilson, Ryan M.; Edwards, Mark; Eckel, S.; Campbell, G. K.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Yi-Hsieh] Univ Maryland, Chem Phys Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jendrzejewski, F.] Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Wilson, Ryan M.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Edwards, Mark] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Clark, CW (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM charles.clark@nist.gov RI Jendrzejewski, Fred/L-2998-2016 OI Jendrzejewski, Fred/0000-0003-1488-7901 NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 125012 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/12/125012 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CZ3QA UT WOS:000367017900002 ER PT J AU Gerbig, YB Michaels, CA Bradby, JE Haberl, B Cook, RF AF Gerbig, Y. B. Michaels, C. A. Bradby, J. E. Haberl, B. Cook, R. F. TI In situ spectroscopic study of the plastic deformation of amorphous silicon under nonhydrostatic conditions induced by indentation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; HIGH-PRESSURE; A-SI; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; REALISTIC MODEL; GE; TRANSITION; ORDER AB Indentation-induced plastic deformation of amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin films was studied by in situ Raman imaging of the deformed contact region of an indented sample, employing a Raman spectroscopy-enhanced instrumented indentation technique. Quantitative analyses of the generated in situ Raman maps provide unique insight into the phase behavior of as-implanted a-Si. In particular, the occurrence and evolving spatial distribution of changes in the a-Si structure caused by processes, such as polyamorphization and crystallization, induced by indentation loading were measured. The experimental results are linked with previously published papers on the plastic deformation of a-Si under hydrostatic compression and shear deformation to establish a sequence for the development of deformation of a-Si under indentation loading. The sequence involves three distinct deformation mechanisms of a-Si: (1) reversible deformation, (2) increase in coordination defects (onset of plastic deformation), and (3) phase transformation. Estimated conditions for the occurrence of these mechanisms are given with respect to relevant intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, such as indentation stress, volumetric strain, and bond angle distribution (a measure for the structural order of the amorphous network). The induced volumetric strains are accommodated solely by reversible deformation of the tetrahedral network when exposed to small indentation stresses. At greater indentation stresses, the increased volumetric strains in the tetrahedral network lead to the formation of predominately fivefold coordination defects, which seems to mark the onset of irreversible or plastic deformation of the a-Si thin film. Further increase in the indentation stress appears to initiate the formation of sixfold coordinated atomic arrangements. These sixfold coordinated arrangements may maintain their amorphous tetrahedral structure with a high density of coordination defects or nucleate as a new crystalline beta-tin phase within the alpha-Si network. C1 [Gerbig, Y. B.; Michaels, C. A.; Cook, R. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gerbig, Y. B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bradby, J. E.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys & Engn, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Haberl, B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gerbig, YB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yvonne.gerbig@nist.gov RI Haberl, Bianca/F-9058-2011 OI Haberl, Bianca/0000-0002-7391-6031 FU Alvin M. Weinberg Fellowship (ORNL); Spallation Neutron Source (ORNL) - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE-BES Contract [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Scientific User Facilities division, DOE-BES [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Alvin M. Weinberg Fellowship by the ORNL LDRD scheme [7620] FX B.H. gratefully acknowledges current funding from an Alvin M. Weinberg Fellowship (ORNL) and the Spallation Neutron Source (ORNL), sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. ORNL is funded under DOE-BES Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, the SNS is supported by the Scientific User Facilities division, DOE-BES under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 and the Alvin M. Weinberg Fellowship by the ORNL LDRD scheme under Project No. 7620. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 21 AR 214110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.214110 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CY9MZ UT WOS:000366732300001 ER PT J AU Wu, RR Bao, LF Hu, FX Wu, H Huang, QZ Wang, J Dong, XL Li, GN Sun, JR Shen, FR Zhao, TY Zheng, XQ Wang, LC Liu, Y Zuo, WL Zhao, YY Zhang, M Wang, XC Jin, CQ Rao, GH Han, XF Shen, BG AF Wu, Rong-Rong Bao, Li-Fu Hu, Feng-Xia Wu, Hui Huang, Qing-Zhen Wang, Jing Dong, Xiao-Li Li, Guan-Nan Sun, Ji-Rong Shen, Fei-Ran Zhao, Tong-Yun Zheng, Xin-Qi Wang, Li-Chen Liu, Yao Zuo, Wen-Liang Zhao, Ying-Ying Zhang, Ming Wang, Xian-Cheng Jin, Chang-Qing Rao, Guang-Hui Han, Xiu-Feng Shen, Bao-Gen TI Giant barocaloric effect in hexagonal Ni2In-type Mn-Co-Ge-In compounds around room temperature SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC ENTROPY CHANGE; MAGNETOCALORIC MATERIALS; PHASE-TRANSITION; FIELD; PRESSURE; ALLOYS; TRANSFORMATION; SYSTEM AB The most widespread cooling techniques based on gas compression/expansion encounter environmental problems. Thus, tremendous effort has been dedicated to develop alternative cooling technique and search for solid state materials that show large caloric effects. An application of pressure to a material can cause a change in temperature, which is called the barocaloric effect. Here we report the giant barocaloric effect in a hexagonal Ni2In-type MnCoGe0.99In0.01 compound involving magnetostructural transformation, T-mstr, which is accompanied with a big difference in the internal energy due to a great negative lattice expansion(Delta V/V similar to 3.9%). High resolution neutron diffraction experiments reveal that the hydrostatic pressure can push the Tmstr to a lower temperature at a rate of 7.7 K/kbar, resulting in a giant barocaloric effect. The entropy change under a moderate pressure of 3 kbar reaches 52 Jkg(-1)K(-1), which exceeds that of most materials, including the reported giant magnetocaloric effect driven by 5 T magnetic field that is available only by superconducting magnets. C1 [Wu, Rong-Rong; Bao, Li-Fu; Hu, Feng-Xia; Wang, Jing; Dong, Xiao-Li; Li, Guan-Nan; Sun, Ji-Rong; Shen, Fei-Ran; Zhao, Tong-Yun; Zheng, Xin-Qi; Wang, Li-Chen; Liu, Yao; Zuo, Wen-Liang; Zhao, Ying-Ying; Zhang, Ming; Wang, Xian-Cheng; Jin, Chang-Qing; Han, Xiu-Feng; Shen, Bao-Gen] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Wu, Rong-Rong; Bao, Li-Fu; Hu, Feng-Xia; Wang, Jing; Dong, Xiao-Li; Li, Guan-Nan; Sun, Ji-Rong; Shen, Fei-Ran; Zhao, Tong-Yun; Zheng, Xin-Qi; Wang, Li-Chen; Liu, Yao; Zuo, Wen-Liang; Zhao, Ying-Ying; Zhang, Ming; Wang, Xian-Cheng; Jin, Chang-Qing; Han, Xiu-Feng; Shen, Bao-Gen] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Magnetism, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Wu, Rong-Rong; Wu, Hui; Huang, Qing-Zhen] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rao, Guang-Hui] Guilin Univ Elect Technol, Dept Informat Mat Sci & Engn, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, Peoples R China. RP Hu, FX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM fxhu@iphy.ac.cn; wangjing@iphy.ac.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2014CB643700, 2012CB933000, 2010CB833102]; National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [51531008, 51271196, 11274357, 11174345]; Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; CAS [XDB07030200]; Beijing Natural Science Foundation [2152034] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program, Grant Nos 2014CB643700, 2012CB933000, and 2010CB833102), the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51531008, 51271196, 11274357, 11174345), the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the CAS (Grant No. XDB07030200), and in part by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant 2152034. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 24 U2 82 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 18027 DI 10.1038/srep18027 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY7GM UT WOS:000366576600001 PM 26673677 ER PT J AU Tan, TR Gaebler, JP Lin, Y Wan, Y Bowler, R Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Tan, T. R. Gaebler, J. P. Lin, Y. Wan, Y. Bowler, R. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. TI Multi-element logic gates for trapped-ion qubits SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION; STATE AB Precision control over hybrid physical systems at the quantum level is important for the realization of many quantum-based technologies. In the field of quantum information processing (QIP) and quantum networking, various proposals discuss the possibility of hybrid architectures(1) where specific tasks are delegated to the most suitable subsystem. For example, in quantum networks, it may be advantageous to transfer information from a subsystem that has good memory properties to another subsystem that is more efficient at transporting information between nodes in the network. For trapped ions, a hybrid system formed of different species introduces extra degrees of freedom that can be exploited to expand and refine the control of the system. Ions of different elements have previously been used in QIP experiments for sympathetic cooling(2), creation of entanglement through dissipation(3), and quantum non-demolition measurement of one species with another(4). Here we demonstrate an entangling quantum gate between ions of different elements which can serve as an important building block of QIP, quantum networking, precision spectroscopy, metrology, and quantum simulation. A geometric phase gate between a Be-9(+) ion and a Mg-25(+) ion is realized through an effective spin-spin interaction generated by state-dependent forces induced with laser beams(5-9). Combined with single-qubit gates and same-species entangling gates, this mixed-element entangling gate provides a complete set of gates over such a hybrid system for universal QIP(10-12). Using a sequence of such gates, we demonstrate a CNOT (controlled-NOT) gate and a SWAP gate(13). We further demonstrate the robustness of these gates against thermal excitation and show improved detection in quantum logic spectroscopy(14). We also observe a strong violation of a CHSH (Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt)-type Bell inequality(15) on entangled states composed of different ion species. C1 [Tan, T. R.; Gaebler, J. P.; Lin, Y.; Wan, Y.; Bowler, R.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tan, TR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tingrei.tan@nist.gov FU Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), ONR; NIST Quantum Information Program; US Army Research Office through MURI grant [W911NF-11-1-0400] FX We thank J. Bollinger and D. Hume for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), ONR, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. Y.W. was supported by the US Army Research Office through MURI grant W911NF-11-1-0400. This paper is a contribution by NIST and not subject to US copyright. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 10 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 528 IS 7582 BP 380 EP + DI 10.1038/nature16186 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY8SM UT WOS:000366678600048 PM 26672553 ER PT J AU Ogata, T Mizuta, R Adachi, Y Murakami, H Ose, T AF Ogata, Tomomichi Mizuta, Ryo Adachi, Yukimasa Murakami, Hiroyuki Ose, Tomoaki TI Effect of air-sea coupling on the frequency distribution of intense tropical cyclones over the northwestern Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; FUTURE CHANGES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACT; MODEL AB Effect of air-sea coupling on the frequency distribution of intense tropical cyclones (TCs) over the northwestern Pacific (NWP) region is investigated using an atmosphere and ocean coupled general circulation model (AOGCM). Monthly varying flux adjustment enables AOGCM to simulate both subseasonal air-sea interaction and realistic seasonal to interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variability. The maximum of intense TC distribution around 20-30 degrees N in the AGCM shifts equatorward in the AOGCM due to the air-sea coupling. Hence, AOGCM reduces northward intense TC distribution bias seen in AGCM. Over the NWP, AOGCM-simulated SST variability is large around 20-30 degrees N where the warm mixed layer becomes shallower rapidly. Active entrainment from subsurface water over this region causes stronger SST cooling, and hence, TC intensity decreases. These results suggest that air-sea coupling characterized by subsurface oceanic condition causes more realistic distribution of intense TCs over the NWP. C1 [Ogata, Tomomichi] Univ Tsukuba, Fac Life & Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Mizuta, Ryo; Adachi, Yukimasa; Ose, Tomoaki] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Adachi, Yukimasa] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Murakami, Hiroyuki] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Ogata, T (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Fac Life & Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. EM ogata.tomomichi.ga@u.tsukuba.ac.jp NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 23 DI 10.1002/2015GL066774 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2MV UT WOS:000368343900039 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, T Feingold, G Kazil, J McComiskey, A AF Yamaguchi, Takanobu Feingold, Graham Kazil, Jan McComiskey, Allison TI Stratocumulus to cumulus transition in the presence of elevated smoke layers SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ABSORBING AEROSOLS; SIMULATIONS; CLOUDINESS; CLOUDS; REDUCTION; IMPACT; MODEL AB The transition from stratocumulus to cumulus clouds in the presence of elevated light-absorbing smoke layers is investigated with idealized large-eddy simulations. A smoke layer is placed 1 km above stratocumulus top and evolves with the cloud fields over the course of a 3 day simulation. The simulations presented vary the smoke-generated heating and the moisture content of the smoke layer. A control case without smoke is simulated for comparison. On day 2 of the transition, when still above cloud, smoke generates a more broken cloud field than the control case, depending weakly on the strength of the aerosol heating but strongly on the water vapor content in the smoke layer. Following nighttime recovery and contact with the stratocumulus, smoke hinders the transition by strengthening the inversion, limiting boundary layer deepening and reducing precipitation-related breakup. This modulation delays the transition, which may extend the stratocumulus deck westward, with concomitant implications for climate forcing. C1 [Yamaguchi, Takanobu; Kazil, Jan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yamaguchi, Takanobu; Feingold, Graham; Kazil, Jan; McComiskey, Allison] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Yamaguchi, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tak.yamaguchi@noaa.gov RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Yamaguchi, Takanobu/H-9169-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Yamaguchi, Takanobu/0000-0001-8059-0757; FU NOAA Climate Program Office through the Climate Process Team; NOAA's Climate Goal; DOE ASR Program [DE-SC0006972, DE-SC0008112] FX The authors thank P. Blossey who kindly provided us case configuration files and B. Stevens for the helpful discussions. This work is supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office through the Climate Process Team, by NOAA's Climate Goal, and by the DOE ASR Program grants DE-SC0006972 and DE-SC0008112. Requests for the System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM) should be directed to M. Khairoutdinov. Both the data and input files necessary to reproduce the experiments with SAM will be made available by the authors upon request. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 23 DI 10.1002/2015GL066544 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2MV UT WOS:000368343900047 ER PT J AU McCarthy, ED Kim, JH Heckert, NA Leigh, SD Gilman, JW Holmes, GA AF McCarthy, E. D. Kim, J. H. Heckert, N. A. Leigh, S. D. Gilman, J. W. Holmes, G. A. TI The fiber break evolution process in a 2-D epoxy/glass multi-fiber array SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Glass fibres; Epoxy resin or Thermoset; Interface; Interfacial strength ID SINGLE-FILAMENT-COMPOSITE; INTERFACIAL SHEAR-STRENGTH; FRAGMENTATION TEST; MODEL COMPOSITES; UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES; STRESS TRANSFER; PARAMETERS; ADHESION; EPOXY AB The mechanical integrity of a structural composite is strongly affected by the strength and toughness of the fiber-matrix interface/interphase (Norwood, 1994), with interfacial shear strength (IFSS) being generally accepted as the best quantifying metric. The value of the IFSS is not directly measurable, but it can be approximated by several micromechanics based test methods with the value obtained being dependent on the choice of the model. The most popular of these test methods is the embedded single fiber fragmentation test (SFFT) which provides the experimental data needed to estimate the IFSS: (a) mean fragment length at saturation and (b) fiber strength at the critical fragment length. Because the IFSS is used in unidirectional composite models to predict strength and failure behavior, where the interaction between fibers can be important, the validity of extrapolating from test results based upon the repeated failure of a single isolated fiber has often been questioned. In this paper, the spatial distribution of fiber breaks in a 2-0 array of glass fibers is compared with break locations observed from SFFT specimens. In both cases, the break locations in each fiber were found to evolve to a uniform distribution, thereby confirming that the ordered fragment lengths from the repeated fracture process conforms for both SFFT and multi-fiber fragmentation test (MFFT) specimens to a cumulative distribution function (CDF) derived by Whitworth (1887) and cited by others (Read, 1988; Pyke, 1988; Hoist, 1980). The array break density was also observed to be less than the break density in isolated fibers, and break locations across array fibers were observed to be highly coordinated and mostly aligned. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McCarthy, E. D.; Kim, J. H.; Leigh, S. D.; Gilman, J. W.; Holmes, G. A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heckert, N. A.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gale.holmes@nist.gov NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 EI 1879-1050 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 121 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.10.013 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA CZ0JM UT WOS:000366791100009 ER PT J AU Daly, EA Brodeur, RD AF Daly, Elizabeth A. Brodeur, Richard D. TI Warming Ocean Conditions Relate to Increased Trophic Requirements of Threatened and Endangered Salmon SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; EARLY MARINE RESIDENCE; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOCKEYE-SALMON; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; FOOD-CONSUMPTION AB The trophic habits, size and condition of yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caught early in their marine residence were examined during 19 survey years (1981-1985; 1998-2011). Juvenile salmon consumed distinct highly piscivorous diets in cold and warm ocean regimes with major differences between ocean regimes driven by changes in consumption of juvenile rockfishes, followed by several other fish prey, adult euphausiids and decapod larvae. Notable, Chinook salmon consumed 30% more food in the warm versus cold ocean regime in both May and June. Additionally, there were about 30% fewer empty stomachs in the warm ocean regime in May, and 10% fewer in warm June periods. The total prey energy density consumed during the warmer ocean regime was also significantly higher than in cold. Chinook salmon had lower condition factor and were smaller in fork length during the warm ocean regime, and were longer and heavier for their size during the cold ocean regime. The significant increase in foraging during the warm ocean regime occurred concurrently with lower available prey biomass. Adult return rates of juvenile Chinook salmon that entered the ocean during a warm ocean regime were lower. Notably, our long term data set contradicts the long held assertion that juvenile salmon eat less in a warm ocean regime when low growth and survival is observed, and when available prey are reduced. Comparing diet changes between decades under variable ocean conditions may assist us in understanding the effects of projected warming ocean regimes on juvenile Chinook salmon and their survival in the ocean environment. Bioenergetically, the salmon appear to require more food resources during warm ocean regimes. C1 [Daly, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR USA. RP Daly, EA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Elizabeth.daly@oregonstate.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration [1998-014-00] FX This work was supported by the Bonneville Power Administration, project #1998-014-00 (http://www.bpa.gov/). NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0144066 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0144066 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY9JH UT WOS:000366722700023 PM 26675673 ER PT J AU Weijerman, M Fulton, EA Kaplan, IC Gorton, R Leemans, R Mooij, WM Brainard, RE AF Weijerman, Mariska Fulton, Elizabeth A. Kaplan, Isaac C. Gorton, Rebecca Leemans, Rik Mooij, Wolf M. Brainard, Russell E. TI An Integrated Coral Reef Ecosystem Model to Support Resource Management under a Changing Climate SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; FISHES; IMPACTS; RECOVERY; FUTURE; DISTURBANCE; RESPONSES AB Millions of people rely on the ecosystem services provided by coral reefs, but sustaining these benefits requires an understanding of how reefs and their biotic communities are affected by local human-induced disturbances and global climate change. Ecosystembased management that explicitly considers the indirect and cumulative effects of multiple disturbances has been recommended and adopted in policies in many places around the globe. Ecosystem models give insight into complex reef dynamics and their responses to multiple disturbances and are useful tools to support planning and implementation of ecosystem-based management. We adapted the Atlantis Ecosystem Model to incorporate key dynamics for a coral reef ecosystem around Guam in the tropical western Pacific. We used this model to quantify the effects of predicted climate and ocean changes and current levels of current land-based sources of pollution (LBSP) and fishing. We used the following six ecosystem metrics as indicators of ecosystem state, resilience and harvest potential: 1) ratio of calcifying to non-calcifying benthic groups, 2) trophic level of the community, 3) biomass of apex predators, 4) biomass of herbivorous fishes, 5) total biomass of living groups and 6) the end-to-start ratio of exploited fish groups. Simulation tests of the effects of each of the three drivers separately suggest that by mid-century climate change will have the largest overall effect on this suite of ecosystem metrics due to substantial negative effects on coral cover. The effects of fishing were also important, negatively influencing five out of the six metrics. Moreover, LBSP exacerbates this effect for all metrics but not quite as badly as would be expected under additive assumptions, although the magnitude of the effects of LBSP are sensitive to uncertainty associated with primary productivity. Over longer time spans (i.e., 65 year simulations), climate change impacts have a slight positive interaction with other drivers, generally meaning that declines in ecosystem metrics are not as steep as the sum of individual effects of the drivers. These analyses offer one way to quantify impacts and interactions of particular stressors in an ecosystem context and so provide guidance to managers. For example, the model showed that improving water quality, rather than prohibiting fishing, extended the timescales over which corals can maintain high abundance by at least 5-8 years. This result, in turn, provides more scope for corals to adapt or for resilient species to become established and for local and global management efforts to reduce or reverse stressors. C1 [Weijerman, Mariska] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Weijerman, Mariska; Leemans, Rik] Wageningen Univ, Environm Syst Anal Grp, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Weijerman, Mariska; Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Fulton, Elizabeth A.; Gorton, Rebecca] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Kaplan, Isaac C.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Mooij, Wolf M.] Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Aquat Ecol, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Mooij, Wolf M.] Wageningen Univ, Aquat Ecol & Water Qual Management Grp, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Weijerman, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM mariska.weijerman@noaa.gov RI Leemans, Rik/A-1548-2009; Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008; Mooij, Wolf/C-2677-2008 OI Leemans, Rik/0000-0002-4001-6301; Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917; Mooij, Wolf/0000-0001-5586-8200 FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; NOAA Office of Habitat FX MW received funding from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (http://coralreef.noaa.gov/) and from NOAA Office of Habitat (http://www.habitat.noaa.gov/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; Funding was provided to MW by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and NOAA Office of Habitat. We would like to thank Ivor Williams, John Rooney, Jeff Polovina and anonymous reviewers for their improvements to the manuscript. The scientific results and conclusions, and any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. NR 87 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 13 U2 74 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0144165 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0144165 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY9JH UT WOS:000366722700026 PM 26672983 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Pookpanratana, SJ Bonevich, JY Natoli, SN Hacker, CA Ren, T Suehle, JS Richter, CA Li, QL AF Zhu, Hao Pookpanratana, Sujitra J. Bonevich, John Y. Natoli, Sean N. Hacker, Christina A. Ren, Tong Suehle, John S. Richter, Curt A. Li, Qiliang TI Redox-Active Molecular Nanowire Flash Memory for High-Endurance and High-Density Nonvolatile Memory Applications SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE redox-active molecules; Si nanowire FETs; flash memory; endurance; multi-bit memory ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ELECTRONIC JUNCTIONS; SILICON; DEVICES; FABRICATION; CHALLENGES; FERROCENE; DESIGN AB In this work, high-performance top-gated nanowire molecular flash memory has been fabricated with redox-active molecules. Different molecules with one and two redox centers have been tested. The flash memory has clean solid/molecule and dielectric interfaces, due to the pristine molecular self-assembly and the nanowire device self-alignment fabrication process. The memory cells exhibit discrete charged states at small gate voltages. Such multi-bit memory in one cell is favorable for high-density storage. These memory devices exhibit fast speed, low power, long memory retention, and exceptionally good endurance (>10(9) cycles). The excellent characteristics are derived from the intrinsic charge-storage properties of the protected redox-active molecules. Such multi-bit molecular flash memory is very attractive for high-endurance and high-density on-chip memory applications in future portable electronics. C1 [Zhu, Hao; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhu, Hao; Pookpanratana, Sujitra J.; Hacker, Christina A.; Suehle, John S.; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bonevich, John Y.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Natoli, Sean N.; Ren, Tong] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM hzhu3@gmu.edu; christina.hacker@nist.gov; qli6@gmu.edu FU NSF [ECCS-1127093, CHE-1362214]; Virginia MicroElectronics Consortium research grant; AOARD [FA2386-14-1-4072] FX This work is supported in part by NSF ECCS-1127093 and a Virginia MicroElectronics Consortium research grant. Research at Purdue has been supported by AOARD (FA2386-14-1-4072) and NSF (CHE-1362214). NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 12 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 49 BP 27306 EP 27313 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b0851 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CZ1NZ UT WOS:000366873900033 PM 26600234 ER PT J AU Pessoa, R Gandolfi, S Vitiello, SA Schmidt, KE AF Pessoa, Renato Gandolfi, S. Vitiello, S. A. Schmidt, K. E. TI Contact interaction in a unitary ultracold Fermi gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB An ultracold Fermi atomic gas at unitarity presents universal properties that in the dilute limit can be well described by a contact interaction. By employing a guiding function with correct boundary conditions and making simple modifications to the sampling procedure we are able to calculate the properties of a true contact interaction with the diffusion Monte Carlo method. The results are obtained with small variances. Our calculations for the Bertsch and contact parameters are in reasonable agreement with published experiments. The possibility of using a more faithful description of ultracold atomic gases can help uncover additional features of ultracold atomic gases. In addition, this work paves the way to perform quantum Monte Carlo calculations for other systems interacting with contact interactions, where the description using potentials with finite effective range might not be accurate. C1 [Pessoa, Renato] Univ Fed Goias UFG, Inst Fis, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Pessoa, Renato; Schmidt, K. E.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Gandolfi, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vitiello, S. A.; Schmidt, K. E.] Univ Estadual Campinas UNICAMP, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Vitiello, S. A.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Vitiello, S. A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pessoa, R (reprint author), Univ Fed Goias UFG, Inst Fis, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. RI Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; OI Gandolfi, Stefano/0000-0002-0430-9035 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Science Foundation [PHY-1404405]; US DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; [FAPESP-2014/20864-2]; [FAPESP-2010/10072-0]; [CAPES 11540/13-3]; [PVE-087/2012] FX R.P. thanks the hospitality of the Department of Physics of the Arizona State University. S.A.V. is happy to acknowledge the hospitality of JILA specifically that of Ana Maria Rey and Murray Holland. We thank Deborah Jin, Tara Drake, and Rabin Paudel for very useful discussions and also for sharing with us their experimental values. This work was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 by the programs NUCLEI SciDac and LANLLDRD, the National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-1404405 and by grants of the Brazilian agencies FAPESP-2014/20864-2, FAPESP-2010/10072-0; CAPES 11540/13-3 and PVE-087/2012. Computational resources have been provided by Los Alamos Open Supercomputing and CENAPAD-SP at Unicamp. We also used resources provided by NERSC, which is supported by the US DOE under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 6 AR 063625 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.063625 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CY6BF UT WOS:000366491400008 ER PT J AU Giustina, M Versteegh, MAM Wengerowsky, S Handsteiner, J Hochrainer, A Phelan, K Steinlechner, F Kofler, J Larsson, JA Abellan, C Amaya, W Pruneri, V Mitchell, MW Beyer, J Gerrits, T Lita, AE Shalm, LK Nam, SW Scheidl, T Ursin, R Wittmann, B Zeilinger, A AF Giustina, Marissa Versteegh, Marijn A. M. Wengerowsky, Soeren Handsteiner, Johannes Hochrainer, Armin Phelan, Kevin Steinlechner, Fabian Kofler, Johannes Larsson, Jan-Ake Abellan, Carlos Amaya, Waldimar Pruneri, Valerio Mitchell, Morgan W. Beyer, Joern Gerrits, Thomas Lita, Adriana E. Shalm, Lynden K. Nam, Sae Woo Scheidl, Thomas Ursin, Rupert Wittmann, Bernhard Zeilinger, Anton TI Significant-Loophole-Free Test of Bell's Theorem with Entangled Photons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VIOLATION; INEQUALITY; EINSTEIN; PODOLSKY; SENSORS; ROSEN AB Local realism is the worldview in which physical properties of objects exist independently of measurement and where physical influences cannot travel faster than the speed of light. Bell's theorem states that this worldview is incompatible with the predictions of quantum mechanics, as is expressed in Bell's inequalities. Previous experiments convincingly supported the quantum predictions. Yet, every experiment requires assumptions that provide loopholes for a local realist explanation. Here, we report a Bell test that closes the most significant of these loopholes simultaneously. Using a well-optimized source of entangled photons, rapid setting generation, and highly efficient superconducting detectors, we observe a violation of a Bell inequality with high statistical significance. The purely statistical probability of our results to occur under local realism does not exceed 3.74 x 10(-31), corresponding to an 11.5 standard deviation effect. C1 [Giustina, Marissa; Versteegh, Marijn A. M.; Wengerowsky, Soeren; Handsteiner, Johannes; Hochrainer, Armin; Phelan, Kevin; Steinlechner, Fabian; Scheidl, Thomas; Ursin, Rupert; Wittmann, Bernhard; Zeilinger, Anton] Austrian Acad Sci, IQOQI, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Giustina, Marissa; Versteegh, Marijn A. M.; Wengerowsky, Soeren; Handsteiner, Johannes; Hochrainer, Armin; Scheidl, Thomas; Wittmann, Bernhard; Zeilinger, Anton] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Quantum Opt Quantum Nanophys & Quantum Informat, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Kofler, Johannes] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Larsson, Jan-Ake] Linkopings Univ, Inst Syst Teknik, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Abellan, Carlos; Amaya, Waldimar; Pruneri, Valerio; Mitchell, Morgan W.] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, Barcelona 08860, Spain. [Pruneri, Valerio; Mitchell, Morgan W.] ICREA, Barcelona 08015, Spain. [Beyer, Joern] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Gerrits, Thomas; Lita, Adriana E.; Shalm, Lynden K.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Giustina, M (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, IQOQI, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RI Mitchell, Morgan/I-9027-2012; Larsson, Jan-Ake/C-2636-2008; Abellan, Carlos/N-4561-2014; Amaya Ocampo, Waldimar/C-8667-2012; OI Mitchell, Morgan/0000-0001-8949-9407; Larsson, Jan-Ake/0000-0002-1082-8325; Abellan, Carlos/0000-0003-1122-6622; Amaya Ocampo, Waldimar/0000-0002-6930-8914; Steinlechner, Fabian/0000-0003-0122-1182 FU program CoQuS of the FWF (Austrian Science Fund); EU Integrated Project SIQS; European Union Project QUIC [641122]; Spanish MINECO under the Severo Ochoa programme [SEV-2015-0522]; Project MAGO [FIS2011-23520]; Project EPEC [FIS2014-62181-EXP]; Catalan AGAUR SGR Grants [129, 1623]; European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) Grant [TEC2013-46168-R]; Fundacio Privada CELLEX; NIST Quantum Information Science Initiative; Austrian Academy of Sciences (OAW); European Research Council (SIQS) [600645 EU-FP7-ICT]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [SFB F40]; European Research Council Project AQUMET FX We thank Reinhold Sahl and the Vienna Hofburg for the use of their sub-basement. We acknowledge Scott Glancy, Sven Ramelow, Johannes Steurer, Max Tillmann, and Witlef Wieczorek for technical assistance and helpful discussions. M. G. acknowledges support by the program CoQuS of the FWF (Austrian Science Fund). J. K. thanks Lucas Clemente for help with implementing data analysis code and acknowledges support from the EU Integrated Project SIQS. C. A., W. A., V. P., and M. W. M. acknowledge the European Research Council Project AQUMET, European Union Project QUIC (Grant Agreement No. 641122), Spanish MINECO under the Severo Ochoa programme (Grant No. SEV-2015-0522) and Projects MAGO (Grant No. FIS2011-23520) and EPEC (Grant No. FIS2014-62181-EXP), Catalan AGAUR 2014 SGR Grants No. 1295 and No. 1623, the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) Grant No. TEC2013-46168-R, and by Fundacio Privada CELLEX. This work was also supported by the NIST Quantum Information Science Initiative. This project was supported by the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OAW), the European Research Council (SIQS Grant No. 600645 EU-FP7-ICT), and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) with SFB F40 (FOQUS). NR 45 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 25 AR 250401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.250401 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CY5ZL UT WOS:000366486600001 PM 26722905 ER PT J AU Shalm, LK Meyer-Scott, E Christensen, BG Bierhorst, P Wayne, MA Stevens, MJ Gerrits, T Glancy, S Hamel, DR Allman, MS Coakley, KJ Dyer, SD Hodge, C Lita, AE Verma, VB Lambrocco, C Tortorici, E Migdall, AL Zhang, YB Kumor, DR Farr, WH Marsili, F Shaw, MD Stern, JA Abellan, C Amaya, W Pruneri, V Jennewein, T Mitchell, MW Kwiat, PG Bienfang, JC Mirin, RP Knill, E Nam, SW AF Shalm, Lynden K. Meyer-Scott, Evan Christensen, Bradley G. Bierhorst, Peter Wayne, Michael A. Stevens, Martin J. Gerrits, Thomas Glancy, Scott Hamel, Deny R. Allman, Michael S. Coakley, Kevin J. Dyer, Shellee D. Hodge, Carson Lita, Adriana E. Verma, Varun B. Lambrocco, Camilla Tortorici, Edward Migdall, Alan L. Zhang, Yanbao Kumor, Daniel R. Farr, William H. Marsili, Francesco Shaw, Matthew D. Stern, Jeffrey A. Abellan, Carlos Amaya, Waldimar Pruneri, Valerio Jennewein, Thomas Mitchell, Morgan W. Kwiat, Paul G. Bienfang, Joshua C. Mirin, Richard P. Knill, Emanuel Nam, Sae Woo TI Strong Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN-VARIABLE THEORIES; BELL INEQUALITIES; SUGGESTED INTERPRETATION; QUANTUM-THEORY; VIOLATION; MECHANICS; PHOTONS; THEOREM; TERMS AB We present a loophole-free violation of local realism using entangled photon pairs. We ensure that all relevant events in our Bell test are spacelike separated by placing the parties far enough apart and by using fast random number generators and high-speed polarization measurements. A high-quality polarization-entangled source of photons, combined with high-efficiency, low-noise, single-photon detectors, allows us to make measurements without requiring any fair-sampling assumptions. Using a hypothesis test, we compute p values as small as 5.9 x 10(-9) for our Bell violation while maintaining the spacelike separation of our events. We estimate the degree to which a local realistic system could predict our measurement choices. Accounting for this predictability, our smallest adjusted p value is 2.3 x 10(-7). We therefore reject the hypothesis that local realism governs our experiment. C1 [Shalm, Lynden K.; Bierhorst, Peter; Stevens, Martin J.; Gerrits, Thomas; Glancy, Scott; Allman, Michael S.; Coakley, Kevin J.; Dyer, Shellee D.; Hodge, Carson; Lita, Adriana E.; Verma, Varun B.; Lambrocco, Camilla; Tortorici, Edward; Mirin, Richard P.; Knill, Emanuel; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Meyer-Scott, Evan; Zhang, Yanbao; Jennewein, Thomas] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Meyer-Scott, Evan; Zhang, Yanbao; Jennewein, Thomas] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Christensen, Bradley G.; Wayne, Michael A.; Kumor, Daniel R.; Kwiat, Paul G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wayne, Michael A.; Migdall, Alan L.; Bienfang, Joshua C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hamel, Deny R.] Univ Moncton, Dept Phys & Astron, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada. [Migdall, Alan L.; Bienfang, Joshua C.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Migdall, Alan L.; Bienfang, Joshua C.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Farr, William H.; Marsili, Francesco; Shaw, Matthew D.; Stern, Jeffrey A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Abellan, Carlos; Amaya, Waldimar; Pruneri, Valerio; Mitchell, Morgan W.] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, Castelldefels 08860, Barcelona, Spain. [Pruneri, Valerio; Mitchell, Morgan W.] ICREA, Barcelona 08015, Spain. [Jennewein, Thomas] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Quantum Informat Sci Program, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Shalm, LK (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Mitchell, Morgan/I-9027-2012; Hamel, Deny/C-7071-2017; Amaya Ocampo, Waldimar/C-8667-2012; Abellan, Carlos/N-4561-2014 OI Mitchell, Morgan/0000-0001-8949-9407; Hamel, Deny/0000-0002-4788-7548; BIERHORST, PETER/0000-0003-2781-5448; Amaya Ocampo, Waldimar/0000-0002-6930-8914; Abellan, Carlos/0000-0003-1122-6622 FU DARPA; NIST Quantum Information Program; NSF [PHY 12-05870]; MURI Center for Photonic Quantum Information Systems (ARO/ARDA Program) [DAAD19-03-1-0199]; Office of Naval Research MURI on Fundamental Research on Wavelength-Agile High-Rate Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) in a Marine Environment [N00014-13-0627]; NSERC; CIFAR; Industry Canada; NASA; European Research Council project AQUMET; European Union Project QUIC [641122]; Spanish MINECO under the Severo Ochoa programme [SEV-2015-0522]; project MAGO [FIS2011-23520]; project EPEC [FIS2014-62181-EXP]; Catalan AGAUR SGR Grants [1295, 1623]; European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) [TEC2013-46168-R]; Fundacio Privada CELLEX; New Brunswick Innovation Foundation FX We thank Todd Harvey for assistance with optical fiber installation; Norman Sanford for the use of lab space; Kevin Silverman, Aephraim M. Steinberg, Rupert Ursin, Marissa Giustina, Stephen Jordan, Dietrich Leibfried, and Paul Lett for helpful discussions; Nik Luhrs and Kristina Meier for help with the electronics; Andrew Novick for help with the GPS measurements; Joseph Chapman and Malhar Jere for designing the cultural pseudorandom numbers; and Stephen Jordan, Paul Lett, and Dietrich Leibfried for constructive comments on the manuscript. We thank Conrad Turner Bierhorst for waiting patiently for the computation of p values. We acknowledge support for this project provided by DARPA (L. K. S., M. S. A., A. E. L., S. D. D., M. J. S., V. B. V., T. G., R. P. M., S. W. N., W. H. F., F. M., M. D. S., J. A. S.) and the NIST Quantum Information Program (L. K. S., M. S. A., A. E. L., S. D. D., M. J. S., V. B. V., T. G., S. G., P. B., J. C. B., A. M., R. P. M., E. K., S. W. N.); NSF Grant No. PHY 12-05870 and MURI Center for Photonic Quantum Information Systems (ARO/ARDA Program DAAD19-03-1-0199) DARPA InPho program and the Office of Naval Research MURI on Fundamental Research on Wavelength-Agile High-Rate Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) in a Marine Environment, Grant No. N00014-13-0627 (B. G. C., M. A. W., D. R. K., P. G. K.); NSERC, CIFAR and Industry Canada (E. M. S., Y. Z., T. J.); NASA (F. M., M. D. S., W. H. F., J. A. S.); European Research Council project AQUMET, European Union Project QUIC (Grant Agreement No. 641122), Spanish MINECO under the Severo Ochoa programme (Grant No. SEV-2015-0522) and projects MAGO (Grant No. FIS2011-23520) and EPEC (Grant No. FIS2014-62181-EXP), Catalan AGAUR 2014 SGR Grants No. 1295 and No. 1623, the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) Grant No. TEC2013-46168-R, and by Fundacio Privada CELLEX (M. W. M., C. A., W. A., V. P.); and New Brunswick Innovation Foundation (D. R. H.). Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 48 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 8 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 25 AR 250402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.250402 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CY5ZL UT WOS:000366486600002 PM 26722906 ER PT J AU Jin, T Huang, JL Feng, Y Yang, R Tang, K Radebaugh, R AF Jin, Tao Huang, Jiale Feng, Ye Yang, Rui Tang, Ke Radebaugh, Ray TI Thermoacoustic prime movers and refrigerators: Thermally powered engines without moving components SO ENERGY LA English DT Review DE Thermoacoustics; Thermoacoustic engine; Refrigerator; Prime mover; No moving component ID DRIVEN ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS; PULSE TUBE REFRIGERATORS; STIRLING HEAT ENGINE; ELECTRICITY GENERATOR; LOOPED-TUBE; LOW-COST; NONLINEAR PROCESSES; GAS-LIQUID; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; ONSET CHARACTERISTICS AB Thermoacoustic engines attract much attention for their lack of moving parts and relatively benign environmental impact. In this review, an introduction of the thermoacoustic effect is supported by a summary of related theoretical models for thermoacoustics. An overview of the current research and experimental prototypes including typical thermoacoustic prime movers, thermoacoustic refrigerators, thermoacoustically driven pulse tube refrigerators, thermoacoustic generators and miniature thermoacoustic engines is presented. The worldwide research activities and the related advances in the thermoacoustic engines, mainly in past 30 years, are reviewed in details. Finally, we present a short summary of promotional studies and perspectives in this developing research field. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jin, Tao; Huang, Jiale; Feng, Ye; Yang, Rui; Tang, Ke] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Refrigerat & Cryogen, Key Lab Refrigerat & Cryogen Technol Zhejiang Pro, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Radebaugh, Ray] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jin, T (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Inst Refrigerat & Cryogen, Key Lab Refrigerat & Cryogen Technol Zhejiang Pro, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM jintao@zju.edu.cn OI Tang, Ke/0000-0002-6452-9697 FU National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [51276154, 51576170] FX This work is financially supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 51276154, No. 51576170). NR 169 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 EI 1873-6785 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 93 BP 828 EP 853 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2015.09.005 PN 1 PG 26 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA DA2MR UT WOS:000367630200076 ER PT J AU Bratkovics, S Wirth, E Sapozhnikova, Y Pennington, P Sanger, D AF Bratkovics, Stephanie Wirth, Edward Sapozhnikova, Yelena Pennington, Paul Sanger, Denise TI Baseline monitoring of organic sunscreen compounds along South Carolina's coastal marine environment SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Sunscreens; LC-MS/MS; Seawater; Beach use ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; UV FILTERS; SURFACE WATERS; BATHING WATERS; SWIMMING POOL; SWISS LAKES; WASTE-WATER; EXTRACTION; ARRAY AB Organic ultraviolet filters (UV-F) are increasingly being used in personal care products to protect skin and other products from the damaging effects of UV radiation. In this study, marine water was collected monthly for approximately one year from six coastal South Carolina, USA sites and analyzed for the occurrence of seven organic chemicals used as UV filters (avobenzone, dioxybenzone, octocrylene, octinoxate, oxybenzone, padimate-o and sulisobenzone). The results were used to examine the relationship between beach use and the distribution of UV-F compounds along coastal South Carolina, USA Five of the seven target analytes were detected in seawater along coastal South Carolina during this study. Dioxybenzone and sulisobenzone were not detected. The highest concentrations measured were >3700 ng octociylene/L and similar to 2200 ng oxybenzone/L and beach use was greatest at this site; a local beach front park. Patterns in concentrations were assessed based on season and a measure of beach use. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bratkovics, Stephanie] Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Wirth, Edward; Pennington, Paul] NCCOS, NOS, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sapozhnikova, Yelena] JHT Inc, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sanger, Denise] SC Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Wirth, Edward] NCCOS, NOS, NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bratkovics, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Dept Soil Chem, Panama City, Panama. EM sdbratko@gmail.com; ed.wirth@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 101 IS 1 BP 370 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.015 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA2MV UT WOS:000367630700054 PM 26541983 ER PT J AU Verwolf, A Poling, C Barbosa, N White, G Rentz, N AF Verwolf, Adrian Poling, Chris Barbosa, Nick White, Grady Rentz, Nikki TI Potential Stable Low-Permeation Rate Standard Based on Micro-machined Silicon SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration; chilled mirror hygrometer; mass loss; permeation; Si; standard AB Silicon wafers with micro-machined holes were evaluated for use as low-permeation-rate standard artifacts. Accuracy, stability, and reliability were assessed. Two independent experimental techniques for evaluating permeation were used: chilled mirror hygrometer and mass loss. The wafers exhibited a well-defined linear relationship between hole area and resultant water partial pressure for both techniques, although the mass loss curve exhibited a constant vertical offset from the hygrometer curve, attributed to water loss through the O-ring seal. In contrast to polymer permeation standards, Si wafers provided long-term reproducible permeation rates. However, they were also highly fragile, with most of them cracking during the course of the investigation. C1 [Verwolf, Adrian] Focused Labs LLC, Denver, CO 80239 USA. [Poling, Chris; Barbosa, Nick; White, Grady; Rentz, Nikki] NIST, Agcy US Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Verwolf, A (reprint author), Focused Labs LLC, Denver, CO 80239 USA. EM verwolf@gmail.com; chris.poling@nist.gov; nicholas.barbosa@nist.gov; grady.white@nist.gov; nikki.goldstein@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 329 EP 342 DI 10.6028/jres.120.021 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DA0RV UT WOS:000367505700001 PM 26958454 ER PT J AU Petitet, R Avens, L Castilhos, JC Kinas, PG Bugoni, L AF Petitet, Roberta Avens, Larisa Castilhos, Jaqueline C. Kinas, Paul G. Bugoni, Leandro TI Age and growth of olive ridley sea turtles Lepidochelys olivacea in the main Brazilian nesting ground SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Growth rate; Line of arrested growth; LAG; Life history; Maturation; Reptile; Skeletochronology; Skeletal growth mark ID LOGGERHEAD CARETTA-CARETTA; POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; ANNUAL SKELETAL MARKS; SKELETOCHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; BONE-HISTOLOGY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; KEMPII; SIZE; VALIDATION AB Olive ridleys Lepidochelys olivacea are the most abundant sea turtles in the world, and their early life and adulthood offshore distributions make them less prone to anthropogenic coastal threats. However, primary use of oceanic habitat also results in olive ridley life history being the least studied of all sea turtle species. Here, age at maturation and growth rates of 68 olive ridleys washed ashore dead in northeastern Brazil were estimated through skeleto chronological analysis of humerus bones. Turtles ranged from 58.0 to 77.0 cm in curved carapace length (CCL), with estimated ages between 14 and 26 yr old. As the sample comprised mostly adults, it was necessary to apply a correction factor from skeletochronological analysis of north-central Pacific olive ridley sea turtles to estimate the number of skeletal growth marks potentially lost at the bone's core. Mean age at sexual maturation was estimated to be 16 yr for a mean size at sexual maturation of 66.0 cm CCL. Growth models fit to the data showed a clear plateau of growth at 15 yr old, which likely coincides with the time when turtles begin directing energy toward reproduction instead of somatic growth. The olive ridley population in the study area is threatened in oceanic and neritic waters by longline and trawl fisheries, respectively. Despite this current threat, the number of nests has increased sharply for the past 16 yr, a time frame coincident with initiation of conservation actions on the beaches in 1982 and which corresponds with the mean age at maturity found in the current study. C1 [Petitet, Roberta; Bugoni, Leandro] Fundacao Univ Fed Rio Grande, Inst Ciencias Biol, Lab Aves Aquat & Tartarugas Marinhas, BR-96203900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Petitet, Roberta] Fundacao Univ Fed Rio Grande, Inst Oceanog, Programa Posgrad Oceanog Biol, BR-96203900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Avens, Larisa] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Castilhos, Jaqueline C.] Fundacao Ctr Brasileiro Protecao & Pesquisa Tarta, BR-49190000 Pirambu, SE, Brazil. [Kinas, Paul G.] Fundacao Univ Fed Rio Grande, Inst Matemat Estat & Fis, Lab Estat Ambiental, BR-96203900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. RP Petitet, R (reprint author), Fundacao Univ Fed Rio Grande, Inst Ciencias Biol, Lab Aves Aquat & Tartarugas Marinhas, Campus Carreiros,Ave Italia S-N,CP 474, BR-96203900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. EM rpetitet@hotmail.com FU Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) FX We acknowledge the TAMAR/ICMBio and FMA staffs for the humeri samples, with special thanks to Ederson Luiz Fonseca, Fabio Lira, Mari Weber, Jociery Vergara Parente, Bruno Almeida and veterinarians for their support. Bone sampling was possible due to the support of PRMEA (Regional Monitoring Program of Strandings and Abnormalities), a measure of environmental impact assessment required by federal environmental licensing for oil and gas exploration, conducted by IBAMA, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovaveis. The skeletochronology method was carried out with logistics provided by the Laboratorio de Ecologia da Megafauna Marinha (Instituto de Oceanografia-FURG), with special thanks to Eduardo R. Secchi and Silvina Botta. R.P. received financial support from the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES). L.B. is a research fellow of the Brazilian CNPq, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Proc. No. 308697/2012-0). This research is part of the PhD thesis written by R.P. under the guidance of L.B. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 541 BP 205 EP 218 DI 10.3354/meps11532 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CZ9BQ UT WOS:000367393200015 ER PT J AU Hauser, DDW Laidre, KL Parker-Stetter, SL Horne, JK Suydam, RS Richard, PR AF Hauser, Donna D. W. Laidre, Kristin L. Parker-Stetter, Sandra L. Horne, John K. Suydam, Robert S. Richard, Pierre R. TI Regional diving behavior of Pacific Arctic beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas and possible associations with prey SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Diving behavior; Arctic marine ecology; Foraging ecology; Optimal foraging; Chukchi Sea; Beaufort Sea; Boreogadus saida ID NORTHEASTERN CHUKCHI SEA; BEAUFORT SEA; MARINE MAMMALS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; DIVE DURATION; WATER MASS; ALASKA; SUMMER; TRANSPORT AB Two populations of beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas in the Pacific Arctic make seasonal migrations to regions characterized by diverse bathymetry and hydrography, yet there is limited information contrasting behavior and foraging across regions. We used satellite-linked time-depth recorders attached to 30 belugas from 1997 to 2012 to infer the depths at which belugas forage seasonally and regionally. We also examined the correspondence between patterns of beluga diving and the vertical distribution of a primary prey species, Arctic cod Boreogadus saida, within the western Beaufort Sea. A suite of regional diving metrics revealed that beluga dive behavior varied among regions and sometimes between populations. Estimates of occupancy time at depth, in addition to maximum and modal dive depths for 6 h periods, suggested that Eastern Chukchi Sea and Beaufort Sea belugas were regularly diving to the seafloor in shallow shelf regions. Along slope margins and in the deep Canada Basin (>3000 m), specific portions of the water column were more frequently targeted. The greatest maximum daily dive depths were >900 m in the Canada Basin. Arctic cod were most abundant at 200-300 m in the western Beaufort Sea, and beluga dives within the survey area also most frequently targeted these depths. These results are consistent with a hypothesis that Arctic cod are a primary prey item for Pacific Arctic belugas and suggest that foraging belugas dive to depths that maximize prey encounters. In the context of a rapidly transforming Arctic ecosystem increasingly exposed to anthropogenic activities, our results quantify the ecological importance of key regions for these 2 populations. C1 [Hauser, Donna D. W.; Laidre, Kristin L.; Parker-Stetter, Sandra L.; Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Laidre, Kristin L.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Parker-Stetter, Sandra L.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Suydam, Robert S.] Dept Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. [Richard, Pierre R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. RP Hauser, DDW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dhauser@uw.edu OI Hauser, Donna/0000-0001-8236-7372 FU Alaska Beluga Whale Committee; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Environmental Studies Revolving Fund; Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO); Fisheries Joint Management Committee; US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); North Slope Borough of Alaska; North Slope Borough School District; Village of Point Lay; University of Washington's Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program on Ocean Change (National Science Foundation) FX Tagging would not have been possible without the support of the Inuvialuit Hunter and Trapper Corporations of Inuvik, Aklavik, and Tuktoyaktuk, and Polar Continental Shelf Project for Beaufort Sea (BS) belugas or the village of Point Lay for Eastern Chukchi Sea (ECS) belugas. We are grateful to many people and organizations who were instrumental in tagging operations and data processing: J. Orr, A. Martin, B. LeBlanc (BS whales); L. Lowry, K. Frost, G. O'Corry-Crowe, D. Pikok, R. Small, J. Tazruk, J. Orr, A. Ashby, V. Dollarhide, L. Ferreira, R. Hobbs, R. Hoover, T. Nukapigak, L. Pierce, T. Romano, M. Sparck, H. Smith, S. Speckman, D. Susook, C. Aniskette, N. Hank, L. Hansen, L. Hoberecht, L. Quakenbush, T. Robeck, A. Simon, G. and K. VanBlaricom, B. and M. Tracey, J. Rexford, J. Taylor, J. Edwards, D. Ramey, and B. Achootchook (ECS whales). Funding for tagging was provided by the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Environmental Studies Revolving Fund, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Fisheries Joint Management Committee, US Minerals Management Service (now US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), North Slope Borough of Alaska, North Slope Borough School District, and Village of Point Lay. Several people and organizations also supported the fish survey (see Parker-Stetter et al. 2011). We appreciate statistical advice from J. Ver Hoef. J. Nomura assisted with analysis of cod vertical distributions. Discussions with S. Moore and R. Hobbs helped develop this project, and J. Citta provided valuable feedback. Four anonymous re viewers contributed suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript. D.D.W.H. was supported by a fellowship from the University of Washington's Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program on Ocean Change (National Science Foundation). All required permits for capture and tagging were approved by DFO for BS whales and by NMFS (nos. 14610, 782-1438, and 782-1719) for ECS whales. NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 19 U2 43 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 541 BP 245 EP 264 DI 10.3354/meps11530 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CZ9BQ UT WOS:000367393200018 ER PT J AU Spies, N Zook, JM Salit, M Sidow, A AF Spies, Noah Zook, Justin M. Salit, Marc Sidow, Arend TI svviz: a read viewer for validating structural variants SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB Visualizing read alignments is the most effective way to validate candidate structural variants (SVs) with existing data. We present svviz, a sequencing read visualizer for SVs that sorts and displays only reads relevant to a candidate SV. svviz works by searching input bam(s) for potentially relevant reads, realigning them against the inferred sequence of the putative variant allele as well as the reference allele and identifying reads that match one allele better than the other. Separate views of the two alleles are then displayed in a scrollable web browser view, enabling a more intuitive visualization of each allele, compared with the single reference genome-based view common to most current read browsers. The browser view facilitates examining the evidence for or against a putative variant, estimating zygosity, visualizing affected genomic annotations and manual refinement of breakpoints. svviz supports data from most modern sequencing platforms. C1 [Spies, Noah; Sidow, Arend] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Spies, Noah; Sidow, Arend] Stanford Univ, Dept Pathol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Spies, Noah; Salit, Marc] NIST, Genome Scale Measurements Grp, Stanford, CA USA. [Zook, Justin M.] NIST, Genome Scale Measurements Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Spies, N (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM nspies@stanford.edu FU National Research Council FX NS was funded by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 EI 1460-2059 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 31 IS 24 BP 3994 EP 3996 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv478 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA CY8AI UT WOS:000366630400017 PM 26286809 ER PT J AU Chen, S McKinney, GJ Nichols, KM Colbourne, JK Sepulveda, MS AF Chen, Shuai McKinney, Garrett J. Nichols, Krista M. Colbourne, John K. Sepulveda, Maria S. TI Novel Cadmium Responsive MicroRNAs in Daphnia pulex SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; RAINBOW-TROUT; MISMATCH REPAIR; UP-REGULATION; TARGET GENES; PCR DATA; CELLS; TRANSCRIPTION; HYPOXIA; GENOME AB Daphnia pulex is a widely used toxicological model and is known for its sensitivity to cadmium (Cd). Recent research suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in animal responses to heavy metals. To investigate the functions of D. pulex miRNAs under Cd exposure, we analyzed the miRNA profiles of D. pulex after 48 h using miRNA microarrays and validated our findings by q-PCR. miRNA dpulet-7 was identified as a stably expressed gene and used as a reference. We identified 22 and 21 differentially expressed miRNAs under low (20 mu g/L CdCl2) and high-exposure (40 mu g/L CdCl2) concentrations compared to controls, respectively. Cellular functions of predicted miRNA target Cd-responsive genes included oxidative stress, ion transport, mitochondrial damage, and DNA repair. An insulin-related network was also identified in relation to several Cd-responsive miRNAs. The expression of three predicted target genes for miR-71 and miR-210 were evaluated, and expression of two of them (SCN2A and SLC31A1) was negatively correlated with the expression of their regulator miRNAs. We show miR-210 is hypoxia-responsive in D. pulex and propose Cd and hypoxia induce miR-210 via a same HIF1 alpha modulated pathway. Collectively, this research advances our understanding on the role of miRNAs in response to heavy-metal exposure. C1 [Chen, Shuai; Nichols, Krista M.; Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McKinney, Garrett J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nichols, Krista M.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Colbourne, John K.] Univ Birmingham, Environm Genom Grp, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mssepulv@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, IN; Indiana Genomic Initiative at Indiana University (INGEN); Lilly Endowment, Inc. FX The authors thank Dr. Don Gilbert at Indiana University, IN, for elaborations on the D. pulex genome annotations. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, IN, in the form of an assistantship for S.C. Microarray studies were carried out at the Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, which is partially supported by the Indiana Genomic Initiative at Indiana University (INGEN); INGEN is supported in part by the Lilly Endowment, Inc. Our work benefits from and contributes to the Daphnia Genomics Consortium. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 24 BP 14605 EP 14613 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b03988 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ1NK UT WOS:000366872300084 PM 26550707 ER PT J AU Zawadowicz, MA Abdelmonem, A Mohr, C Saathoff, H Froyd, KD Murphy, DM LeisnerI, T Cziczo, DJ AF Zawadowicz, Maria A. Abdelmonem, Ahmed Mohr, Claudia Saathoff, Harald Froyd, Karl D. Murphy, Daniel M. Leisner, Thomas, I Cziczo, Daniel J. TI Single-Particle Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Utilizing a Femtosecond Desorption and Ionization Laser SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION SPECTROSCOPY; INDUCED ION FORMATION; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; ABLATION; NANOPARTICLES; THRESHOLDS; PRESSURES; FIELDS; VACUUM AB Single-particle time-of-flight mass spectrometry has now been used since the 1990s to determine particle-to-particle variability and internal mixing state. Instruments commonly use 193 nm excimer or 266 nm frequency-quadrupled Nd:YAG lasers to ablate and ionize particles in a single step. We describe the use of a femtosecond laser system (800 nm wavelength, 100 fs pulse duration) in combination with an existing single-particle time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The goal of this project was to determine the suitability of a femtosecond laser for single-particle studies via direct comparison to the excimer laser (193 nm wavelength, similar to 10 ns pulse duration) usually used with the instrument. Laser power, frequency, and polarization were varied to determine the effect on mass spectra. Atmospherically relevant materials that are often used in laboratory studies, ammonium nitrate and sodium chloride, were used for the aerosol. Detection of trace amounts of a heavy metal, lead, in an ammonium nitrate matrix was also investigated. The femtosecond ionization had a large air background not present with the 193 nm excimer and produced more multiply charged ions. Overall, we find that femtosecond laser ablation and ionization of aerosol particles is not radically different than that provided by a 193 nm excimer. C1 [Zawadowicz, Maria A.; Cziczo, Daniel J.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cziczo, Daniel J.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Abdelmonem, Ahmed; Mohr, Claudia; Saathoff, Harald; Leisner, Thomas, I] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Froyd, Karl D.; Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Froyd, Karl D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cziczo, DJ (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM djcziczo@mit.edu RI Mohr, Claudia/D-9857-2011; Saathoff, Harald/J-8911-2012; Abdelmonem, Ahmed/M-3836-2016; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Leisner, Thomas/A-2391-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Mohr, Claudia/0000-0002-3291-9295; Abdelmonem, Ahmed/0000-0002-4348-2439; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Zawadowicz, Maria/0000-0003-4234-0954 FU NSF [023693-001]; MIT; KIT; Victor P. Starr Career Development Chair at MIT; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship FX This research was supported by NSF Grant 023693-001 and by MIT and KIT internal funding. D.J.C. acknowledges the support of the Victor P. Starr Career Development Chair at MIT. M.A.Z. acknowledges the support of a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 24 BP 12221 EP 12229 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03158 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CZ1NC UT WOS:000366871500039 PM 26575413 ER PT J AU Vieweger, M Holmstrom, ED Nesbitt, DJ AF Vieweger, Mario Holmstrom, Erik D. Nesbitt, David J. TI Single-Molecule FRET Reveals Three Conformations for the TLS Domain of Brome Mosaic Virus Genome SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RNA-LIKE STRUCTURES; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; DIFFUSING MOLECULES; IN-VIVO; RIBOSWITCHES; REPLICATION; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; MIMICRY; SWITCH AB Metabolite-dependent conformational switching in RNA riboswitches is now widely accepted as a critical regulatory mechanism for gene expression in bacterial systems. More recently, similar gene regulation mechanisms have been found to be important for viral systems as well. One of the most abundant and best-studied systems is the tRNA-like structure (TLS) domain, which has been found to occur in many plant viruses spread across numerous genera. In this work, folding dynamics for the TLS domain of Brome Mosaic Virus have been investigated using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques. In particular, burst fluorescence methods are exploited to observe metal-ion ([Mn+])-induced folding in freely diffusing RNA constructs resembling the minimal TLS element of brome mosaic virus RNA3. The results of these experiments reveal a complex equilibrium of at least three distinct populations. A stepwise, or consecutive, thermodynamic model for TLS folding is developed, which is in good agreement with the [Mn+]-dependent evolution of conformational populations and existing structural information in the literature. Specifically, this folding pathway explains the metal-ion dependent formation of a functional TLS domain from unfolded RNAs via two consecutive steps: 1) hybridization of a long-range stem interaction, followed by 2) formation of a 3'-terminal pseudoknot. These two conformational transitions are well described by stepwise dissociation constants for [Mg2+] (K-1 = 328 +/- 30 mu M and K-2 = 1092 +/- 183 mu M) and [Na+] ( K-1 = 74 +/- 6 mu M and K-2 = 243 +/- 52 mu M)induced folding. The proposed thermodynamic model is further supported by inhibition studies of the long-range stem interaction using a complementary DNA oligomer, which effectively shifts the dynamic equilibrium toward the unfolded conformation. Implications of this multistep conformational folding mechanism are discussed with regard to regulation of virus replication. C1 [Vieweger, Mario; Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Vieweger, Mario; Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Vieweger, Mario; Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE1266416, PHY1125844]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; W. M. Keck Foundation initiative in RNA sciences at the University of Colorado, Boulder; National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Program [T32 GM-065103, GM-065103] FX Support for this work has been provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE1266416, PHY1125844), the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the W. M. Keck Foundation initiative in RNA sciences at the University of Colorado, Boulder. The National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Program (T32 GM-065103) provided partial support for E.D.H. GM-065103) provided partial support for E.D.H. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2625 EP 2636 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.10.006 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA CY8EC UT WOS:000366640600019 PM 26682819 ER PT J AU de Souza, GF Slater, RD Hain, MP Brzezinski, MA Sarmiento, JL AF de Souza, Gregory F. Slater, Richard D. Hain, Mathis P. Brzezinski, Mark A. Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI Distal and proximal controls on the silicon stable isotope signature of North Atlantic Deep Water SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biogeochemical cycles; silicon isotopes; meridional overturning circulation ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; MARINE DIATOMS; GLOBAL OCEAN; WORLD OCEAN; FRACTIONATION; THERMOCLINE; EXPORT; SI AB It has been suggested that the uniquely high delta Si-30 signature of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) results from the contribution of isotopically fractionated silicic acid by mode and intermediate waters that are formed in the Southern Ocean and transported to the North Atlantic within the upper limb of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). Here, we test this hypothesis in a suite of ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) with widely varying MOCs and related pathways of nutrient supply to the upper ocean. Despite their differing MOC pathways, all models reproduce the observation of a high delta Si-30 signature in NADW, as well showing a major or dominant (46-62%) contribution from Southern Ocean mode/intermediate waters to its Si inventory. These models thus confirm that the delta Si-30 signature of NADW does indeed owe its existence primarily to the large-scale transport of a distal fractionation signal created in the surface Southern Ocean. However, we also find that more proximal fractionation of Si upwelled to the surface within the Atlantic Ocean must also play some role, contributing 20-46% of the deep Atlantic delta Si-30 gradient. Finally, the model suite reveals compensatory effects in the mechanisms contributing to the high delta Si-30 signature of NADW, whereby less export of high-delta Si-30 mode/intermediate waters to the North Atlantic is compensated by production of a high-delta Si-30 signal during transport to the NADW formation region. This trade-off decouples the delta Si-30 signature of NADW from the pathways of deep water upwelling associated with the MOC. Thus, whilst our study affirms the importance of cross-equatorial transport of Southern Ocean-sourced Si in producing the unique delta Si-30 signature of NADW, it also shows that the presence of a deep Atlantic delta Si-30 gradient does not uniquely constrain the pathways by which deep waters are returned to the upper ocean. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [de Souza, Gregory F.; Slater, Richard D.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [de Souza, Gregory F.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geochem & Petrol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hain, Mathis P.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Brzezinski, Mark A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP de Souza, GF (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geochem & Petrol, NW C81-3,Clausiusstr 25, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM desouza@erdw.ethz.ch OI Hain, Mathis/0000-0002-8478-1857 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [PBEZP2-140169, P300P2-147747]; NOAA [NA11OAR4310066]; UK NERC [NE/K00901X/1] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript by Timothy Conway and Beatrice Radden Keefe, and the constructive reviews of two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation post-doctoral fellowships PBEZP2-140169 and P300P2-147747 granted to GFDS, NOAA grant NA11OAR4310066 to JLS, and UK NERC grant NE/K00901X/1 to MPH. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 432 BP 342 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.10.025 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CY3YG UT WOS:000366345200033 ER PT J AU Ryu, IS Camp, CH Jin, Y Cicerone, MT Lee, YJ AF Ryu, Ian Seungwan Camp, Charles H., Jr. Jin, Ying Cicerone, Marcus T. Lee, Young Jong TI Beam scanning for rapid coherent Raman hyperspectral imaging SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED LASER-PULSES; SCATTERING MICROSCOPY; IN-VIVO; PHOTODAMAGE; APOPTOSIS; TISSUES; CELLS AB Coherent Raman imaging requires high-peak power laser pulses to maximize the nonlinear multiphoton signal generation, but accompanying photo-induced sample damage often poses a challenge to microscopic imaging studies. We demonstrate that beam scanning by a 3.5-kHz resonant mirror in a broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) imaging system can reduce photo-induced damage without compromising signal intensity. Additionally, beam scanning enables slit acquisition, in which spectra from a thin line of sample illumination are acquired in parallel during a single charge-coupled device exposure. Reflective mirrors are employed in the beam-scanning assembly to minimize chromatic aberration and temporal dispersion. The combined approach of beam scanning and slit acquisition is compared with the sample-scanning mode in terms of spatial resolution, photo-induced damage, and imaging speed at the maximum laser power below the sample-damage threshold. We show that the beam-scanning BCARS imaging method can reduce photodamage probability in biological cells and tissues, enabling faster imaging speed by using a higher excitation laser power than could be achieved without beam scanning. C1 [Ryu, Ian Seungwan; Camp, Charles H., Jr.; Jin, Ying; Cicerone, Marcus T.; Lee, Young Jong] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, YJ (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yjlee@nist.gov RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008 OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 24 BP 5826 EP 5829 DI 10.1364/OL.40.005826 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CY8TQ UT WOS:000366681600033 PM 26670522 ER PT J AU Emory, AE McLinden, M Schreier, M Wick, GA AF Emory, Amber E. McLinden, Matthew Schreier, Mathias Wick, Gary A. TI AN INTRODUCTION TO THE NASA EAST PACIFIC ORIGINS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HURRICANES (EPOCH) FIELD CAMPAIGN SO TROPICAL CYCLONE RESEARCH AND REVIEW LA English DT Article ID RAPID INTENSIFICATION; AIRCRAFT; SYSTEM; CORE AB Over the past five years, tropical activity in the East Pacific has increased, while declining in the Atlantic Basin. In addition, during El Nino years, warmer than average sea surface temperatures further increase the likelihood of tropical cyclone formation in the East Pacific. Hurricane field campaigns used the Ku-/Ka-band HighAltitude Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP) radar on the Global Hawk (GH) unmanned aircraft, in GRIP (Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes 2010), HS3 (Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel 2012-14), and the NOAA Sensing Hazards with Operational Unmanned Technology (SHOUT 2015-16) field campaigns. Although originally designed for the GH, the X-band high-altitude RADar (EXRAD) has yet to be integrated and flown on an unmanned aerial vehicle. EXRAD will provide data with less attenuation of signal over deep convection as well as better estimates of three-dimensional winds with its nadir-pointing beam. As part of the NASA Hand On Project Experience (HOPE) Training Opportunity, our team proposed to fly the AV-6 GH aircraft with the EXRAD radar, the High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR), and NOAA Advanced Vertical Atmospheric Profiling System (AVAPS) dropsondes to investigate genesis and/or rapid intensification (RI) of an East Pacific hurricane by measuring both the environment and interior structures. Information on planned activities primarily focused on the EXRAD high-altitude radar integration for the July-August 2017 science flight will be presented. C1 [Emory, Amber E.; McLinden, Matthew] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schreier, Mathias] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Emory, AE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM amber.emory@nasa.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESCAP-WMO TYPHOON COMMITTEE PI MACAU PA ESCAP-WMO TYPHOON COMMITTEE, MACAU, 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 2225-6032 J9 TROP CYCLONE RES REV JI Trop. Cyclone Res. Rev. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 4 IS 3-4 BP 124 EP 131 DI 10.6057/2015TCRRh3.03 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL7ZW UT WOS:000394840900003 ER PT J AU Russell, ES Liu, HP Gao, ZM Finn, D Lamb, B AF Russell, Eric S. Liu, Heping Gao, Zhongming Finn, Dennis Lamb, Brian TI Impacts of soil heat flux calculation methods on the surface energy balance closure SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Energy balance closure; Soil heat flux; Eddy covariance ID EXPERIMENT EBEX-2000; SONIC ANEMOMETER; TEMPERATURE; FIELD; IMBALANCE; RADIATION; DENSITY; QUALITY; STORAGE; BUDGET AB Quantifying uncertainty in determining the surface soil heat fluxes (G(0)) to close the surface energy balance in micrometeorological studies remains an open question. While numerous methods have been proposed to determine G(0) and have been validated individually, few studies have cross-evaluated these methods to examine how the derived G(0) from different methods affects the closure of the surface energy balance. Using data measured at an arid shrub-land site during summertime, nine different methods were evaluated ranging from conventional heat-storage calorimetry to methods derived directly from the heat transfer equation. Apart from the entire dataset, two subsets were used; one with minimal variation from idealized diurnal radiation cycles and the other with highly variable radiation conditions. Under the entire dataset, the performance of the methods varied while there was a distinct drop-off in the level of closure under the variable radiation conditions. The methods that allowed for the most variation in inputs between time steps performed better than those that used diurnal or constant input values. Because of this, a calorimetry method and Green's function-based method are more highly recommended than other methods. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Russell, Eric S.; Liu, Heping; Gao, Zhongming; Lamb, Brian] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Finn, Dennis] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Liu, HP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Heping.Liu@wsu.edu RI Finn, Dennis/C-3204-2016 FU National Science Foundation AGS [1112938] FX We thank Qianyu Zhang, Shane Beard, and Tom Strong for help with the set-up, maintenance of the field site, and collection of data. Comments from two anonymous reviewers contributed to the improvement of this work. We acknowledge support by National Science Foundation AGS under Grant #1112938. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 214 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.08.255 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CW1DO UT WOS:000364730000018 ER PT J AU Javni, I Bilic, O Bilic, N Petrovic, ZS Eastwood, EA Zhang, F Ilavsky, J AF Javni, Ivan Bilic, Olivera Bilic, Nikola Petrovic, Zoran S. Eastwood, Eric A. Zhang, Fan Ilavsky, Jan TI Thermoplastic polyurethanes with isosorbide chain extender SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biopolymers & renewable polymers; elastomers; polyurethanes; structure-property relations ID TISSUE-REPAIR; DIISOCYANATE; REGENERATION; ELASTOMERS; SCAFFOLDS AB Isosorbide, a renewable diol derived from starch, was used alone or in combination with butane diol (BD) as the chain extender in two series of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) with 50 and 70% polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) soft segment concentration (SSC), respectively. In the synthesized TPUs, the hard segment composition was systematically varied in both series following BD/isosorbide molar ratios of 100 : 0; 75 : 25; 50 : 50; 25 : 75, and 0 : 100 to examine in detail the effect of chain extenders on properties of segmented polyurethane elastomers with different morphologies. We found that polyurethanes with 50% SSC were hard elastomers with Shore D hardness of around 50, which is consistent with assumed co-continuous morphology. Polymers with 70% SSC displayed lower Shore A hardness of 74-79 (Shore D around 25) as a result of globular hard domains dispersed in the soft matrix. Insertion of isosorbide increased rigidity, melting point and glass transition temperature of hard segments and tensile strength of elastomers with 50% SSC. These effects were weaker or non-existent in 70% SSC series due to the short hard segments and low content of isosorbide. We also found that the thermal stability was lowered by increasing isosorbide content in both series. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Javni, Ivan; Bilic, Olivera; Bilic, Nikola; Petrovic, Zoran S.] Pittsburg State Univ, Kansas Polymer Res Ctr, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. [Eastwood, Eric A.] Honeywell FM&T LLC, Kansas City, MO USA. [Zhang, Fan] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Petrovic, ZS (reprint author), Pittsburg State Univ, Kansas Polymer Res Ctr, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. EM zpetrovic@pittstate.edu RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 FU Honeywell; Division of Chemistry (CHE), National Science Foundation [NSF/CHE-1346572]; Division of Materials Research (DMR), National Science Foundation [NSF/CHE-1346572]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors are indebted to Honeywell for the financial support. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the Divisions of Chemistry (CHE) and Materials Research (DMR), National Science Foundation, under grant number NSF/CHE-1346572. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 132 IS 47 AR 42830 DI 10.1002/app.42830 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CT3WZ UT WOS:000362738900022 ER PT J AU Xie, T Hasan, MR Qiu, BT Arinze, ES Nguyen, NV Motayed, A Thon, SM Debnath, R AF Xie, Ting Hasan, Md Rezaul Qiu, Botong Arinze, Ebuka S. Nguyen, Nhan V. Motayed, Abhishek Thon, Susanna M. Debnath, Ratan TI High-performing visible-blind photodetectors based on SnO2/CuO nanoheterojunctions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODETECTORS; OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS; EFFICIENCY AB We report on the significant performance enhancement of SnO2 thin film ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) through incorporation of CuO/SnO2 p-n nanoscale heterojunctions. The nanoheterojunctions are self-assembled by sputtering Cu clusters that oxidize in ambient to form CuO. We attribute the performance improvements to enhanced UV absorption, demonstrated both experimentally and using optical simulations, and electron transfer facilitated by the nanoheterojunctions. The peak responsivity of the PDs at a bias of 0.2V improved from 1.9A/W in a SnO2-only device to 10.3 A/W after CuO deposition. The wavelength-dependent photocurrent-to-dark current ratio was estimated to be similar to 592 for the CuO/SnO2 PD at 290 nm. The morphology, distribution of nanoparticles, and optical properties of the CuO/SnO2 heterostructured thin films are also investigated. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Xie, Ting; Hasan, Md Rezaul; Motayed, Abhishek; Debnath, Ratan] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xie, Ting] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hasan, Md Rezaul] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Qiu, Botong; Arinze, Ebuka S.; Thon, Susanna M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nguyen, Nhan V.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thon, SM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM ting.xie@nist.gov; susanna.thon@jhu.edu; ratan.debnath@nist.gov RI Debnath, Ratan/B-4678-2016; Debnath, Ratan/D-3629-2012; OI Debnath, Ratan/0000-0003-1343-7888; Thon, Susanna/0000-0002-1003-2650; Xie, Ting/0000-0003-2722-7822; Hasan, Md Rezaul/0000-0002-3163-9515 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 24 AR 241108 DI 10.1063/1.4938129 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CZ7ZF UT WOS:000367318600008 ER PT J AU Mansfield, E Feldman, A Chiaramonti, AN Lehman, J Curtin, AE AF Mansfield, Elisabeth Feldman, Ari Chiaramonti, Ann N. Lehman, John Curtin, Alexandra E. TI Morphological and Electrical Characterization of MWCNT Papers and Pellets SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE buckypaper; nanotechnology; multiwall carbon nanotubes ID CARBON NANOTUBES AB Six types of commercially available multiwall carbon nanotube soot were obtained and prepared into buckypapers by pellet pressing and by filtration into a paper. These samples were evaluated with respect to thickness, compressibility and electrical conductivity. DC conductivity results by two-point and four-point (van der Pauw) measurement methods as a function of preparation parameters are presented. Topology was investigated qualitatively by way of scanning electron microscopy and helium ion microscopy and from this, some generalizations about the nanotube structural properties and manufacturing technique with respect to conductivity are given. C1 [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Feldman, Ari; Chiaramonti, Ann N.; Lehman, John; Curtin, Alexandra E.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mansfield, E (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM elisabeth.mansfield@nist.gov; ari.feldman@nist.gov; chiaramonti@nist.gov; john.lehman@nist.gov; alexandra.curtin@nist.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD DEC 14 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 304 EP 315 DI 10.6028/jres.120.019 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DA0RT UT WOS:000367505500001 PM 26958452 ER PT J AU Maier, T Ferrier-Barbut, I Kadau, H Schmitt, M Wenzel, M Wink, C Pfau, T Jachymski, K Julienne, PS AF Maier, T. Ferrier-Barbut, I. Kadau, H. Schmitt, M. Wenzel, M. Wink, C. Pfau, T. Jachymski, K. Julienne, P. S. TI Broad universal Feshbach resonances in the chaotic spectrum of dysprosium atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CESIUM ATOMS; GAS; COLLISIONS; MOLECULES AB We report on the observation of weakly bound dimers of bosonic dysprosium with a strong universal s-wave halo character, associated with broad magnetic Feshbach resonances. These states surprisingly decouple from the chaotic background of narrow resonances, persisting across many such narrow resonances. In addition they show the highest reported magnetic moment mu similar or equal to 20 mu(B) of any ultracold molecule. We analyze our findings using a coupled-channel theory taking into account the short range van der Waals interaction and a correction due to the strong dipole moment of dysprosium. We are able to extract the scattering length as a function of magnetic field associated with these resonances and obtain a background scattering length a(bg) = 91(16) a(0). These results offer prospects of a tunability of the interactions in dysprosium, which we illustrate by observing the saturation of three-body losses. C1 [Maier, T.; Ferrier-Barbut, I.; Kadau, H.; Schmitt, M.; Wenzel, M.; Wink, C.; Pfau, T.] Univ Stuttgart, Phys Inst 5, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. [Maier, T.; Ferrier-Barbut, I.; Kadau, H.; Schmitt, M.; Wenzel, M.; Wink, C.; Pfau, T.] Univ Stuttgart, Ctr Integrated Quantum Sci & Technol, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. [Jachymski, K.] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. [Julienne, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Julienne, P. S.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ferrier-Barbut, I (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Phys Inst 5, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. EM i.ferrier-barbut@physik.uni-stuttgart.de RI Pfau, Tilman/G-1774-2011; Ferrier-Barbut, Igor/J-8759-2016; OI Ferrier-Barbut, Igor/0000-0002-4707-0474; Jachymski, Krzysztof/0000-0002-9080-0989; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU German Research Foundation (DFG) [SFB/TRR21]; Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes; Foundation for Polish Science International PhD Projects Programme - EU European Regional Development Fund; START program; AFOSF MURI grant FX We thank Axel Griesmaier for support at the early stage of the experiment. This work is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within SFB/TRR21. H.K. acknowledges support by the "Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes." K.J. acknowledges financial support by the Foundation for Polish Science International PhD Projects Programme cofinanced by the EU European Regional Development Fund and START program. P.S.J. acknowledges support by an AFOSF MURI grant. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 14 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 6 AR 060702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.060702 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CY6AU UT WOS:000366490300001 ER PT J AU Tan, CT James, R Dong, B Driver, MS Kelber, JA Downing, G Cao, LR AF Tan, Chuting James, Robinson Dong, Bin Driver, M. Sky Kelber, Jeffry A. Downing, Greg Cao, Lei R. TI Characterization of a boron carbide-based polymer neutron sensor SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Neutron sensor; Boron carbide polymers; Neutron depth profiling; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy ID ORTHO-CARBORANE; FILMS; DETECTORS; STANDARDS; THIN AB Boron is used widely in thin-film solid-state devices for neutron detection. The film thickness and boron concentration are important parameters that relate to a device's detection efficiency and capacitance. Neutron depth profiling was used to determine the film thicknesses and boron concentration profiles of boron carbide based polymers grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of orthocarborane (1,2-B10C2H12), resulting in a pure boron carbide film, or of meta-carborane (1,7-B10C2H12) and pyridine (C5H5N), resulting in a pyridine composite film, or of pyrimidine (C4H4N2) resulting in a pure pyrimidine film. The pure boron carbide film had a uniform surface appearance and a constant thickness of 250 nm, whereas the thickness of the composite film was 250-350 nm, measured at three different locations. In the meta-carboranc and pyridine composite film the boron concentration was found to increase vvith depth, which correlated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)-derivecl atomic ratios. A proton peak from "N (n,p)"C reaction was observed in the pure pyrirnicline film, indicating an additional neutron sensitivity to nonthermal neutrons from the N atoms in the pyrimidinc. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights rcserved. C1 [Tan, Chuting; Cao, Lei R.] Ohio State Univ, Nucl Engn Program, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [James, Robinson; Dong, Bin; Driver, M. Sky; Kelber, Jeffry A.] Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Downing, Greg] NIST, Elemental Measurement Sci, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cao, LR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nucl Engn Program, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM cao.152@osu.edu RI Cao, Lei/B-3254-2012 OI Cao, Lei/0000-0003-4018-9496 FU US Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-14-1-0041] FX This work was supported in part by the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency under grant HDTRA1-14-1-0041. We thank Dr. Jie Qiu for the help and discussion, NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2015 VL 803 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.nima.201.5.09.031 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA CU3ZF UT WOS:000363464600012 ER PT J AU Zhang, C Safavi-Naini, A Rey, AM Capogrosso-Sansone, B AF Zhang, C. Safavi-Naini, A. Rey, Ana Maria Capogrosso-Sansone, B. TI Equilibrium phases of tilted dipolar lattice bosons SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quantum phase transition; quantum gases; quantum phases ID POLAR-MOLECULES; GAS; DENSITY AB The recent advances in creating nearly degenerate quantum dipolar gases in optical lattices are opening the doors for the exploration of equilibrium physics of quantum systems with anisotropic and long-range dipolar interactions. In this paper we study the zero-and finite-temperature phase diagrams of a system of hard-core dipolar bosons at half-filling, trapped in a two-dimensional square optical lattice. The dipoles are aligned parallel to one another and tilted out of the optical lattice plane by means of an external electric field. At zero-temperature, the system is a superfluid (SF) at all tilt angles theta provided that the strength of dipolar interaction is below a critical value V-c (theta). Upon increasing the interaction strength while keeping theta fixed, the SF phase is destabilized in favor of a checkerboard or a stripe solid (SS) depending on the tilt angle. We explore the nature of the phase transition between the two solid phases, identifying a region of metastable emulsion states intervening between the two solid lobes. Additionally, we study the stability of these quantum phases against thermal fluctuations and find that the SS is the most robust, making it the best candidate for experimental observation. C1 [Zhang, C.; Capogrosso-Sansone, B.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Safavi-Naini, A.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Safavi-Naini, A.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Capogrosso-Sansone, B.] Clark Univ, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Zhang, C (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM chao.zhang@ou.edu FU NSF [PIF-1415561, PIF-1211914, PFC-1125844]; AFOSR; AFOSR-MURI; NIST; ARO FX This work was supported by the NSF (PIF-1415561, PIF-1211914 and PFC-1125844), AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI, NIST and ARO individual investigator awards. The computation for this project was performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) at the University of Oklahoma (OU). NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD DEC 10 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 123014 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/12/123014 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CZ3PL UT WOS:000367016400002 ER PT J AU Barnes, RA Brown, SW Lykke, KR Guenther, B Butler, JJ Schwarting, T Turpie, K Moyer, D Deluccia, F Moeller, C AF Barnes, Robert A. Brown, Steven W. Lykke, Keith R. Guenther, Bruce Butler, James J. Schwarting, Thomas Turpie, Kevin Moyer, David Deluccia, Frank Moeller, Christopher TI Comparison of two methodologies for calibrating satellite instruments in the visible and near-infrared SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; RADIANCE RESPONSIVITY; SEAWIFS AB Traditionally, satellite instruments that measure Earth-reflected solar radiation in the visible and near infrared wavelength regions have been calibrated for radiance responsivity in a two-step method. In the first step, the relative spectral response (RSR) of the instrument is determined using a nearly monochromatic light source such as a lamp-illuminated monochromator. These sources do not typically fill the field of view of the instrument nor act as calibrated sources of light. Consequently, they only provide a relative (not absolute) spectral response for the instrument. In the second step, the instrument views a calibrated source of broadband light, such as a lamp-illuminated integrating sphere. The RSR and the sphere's absolute spectral radiance are combined to determine the absolute spectral radiance responsivity (ASR) of the instrument. More recently, a full-aperture absolute calibration approach using widely tunable monochromatic lasers has been developed. Using these sources, the ASR of an instrument can be determined in a single step on a wavelength-by-wavelength basis. From these monochromatic ASRs, the responses of the instrument bands to broadband radiance sources can be calculated directly, eliminating the need for calibrated broadband light sources such as lamp-illuminated integrating spheres. In this work, the traditional broadband source-based calibration of the Suomi National Preparatory Project Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite sensor is compared with the laser-based calibration of the sensor. Finally, the impact of the new full-aperture laser-based calibration approach on the on-orbit performance of the sensor is considered. C1 [Barnes, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Brown, Steven W.; Lykke, Keith R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guenther, Bruce] Stellar Solut Inc, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Butler, James J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schwarting, Thomas] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Turpie, Kevin] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Moyer, David; Deluccia, Frank] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Moeller, Christopher] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Brown, SW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM swbrown@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 10 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 35 BP 10376 EP 10396 DI 10.1364/AO.54.010376 PG 21 WC Optics SC Optics GA CY7RH UT WOS:000366605900013 PM 26836861 ER PT J AU Barnett, GV Qi, W Amin, S Lewis, EN Razinkov, VI Kerwin, BA Liu, Y Roberts, CJ AF Barnett, Gregory V. Qi, Wei Amin, Samiul Lewis, E. Neil Razinkov, Vladimir I. Kerwin, Bruce A. Liu, Yun Roberts, Christopher J. TI Structural Changes and Aggregation Mechanisms for Anti-Streptavidin IgG1 at Elevated Concentration SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; NUCLEATED-POLYMERIZATION MODEL; NANOPARTICLE TRACKING ANALYSIS; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; THERAPEUTIC PROTEINS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ALPHA-CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN; NONNATIVE AGGREGATION AB Non-native protein aggregation may occur during manufacturing and storage of protein therapeutics, and this may decrease drug efficacy or jeopardize patient safety. From a regulatory perspective, changes in higher order structure due to aggregation are of particular interest but can be difficult to monitor directly at elevated protein concentrations. The present report focuses on non-native aggregation of antistreptavidin (AS) IgG1 at 30 mg/mL under solution conditions that prior work at dilute concentrations (e.g., 1 mg/mL) indicated would result in different aggregation mechanisms. Time-dependent aggregation and structural changes were monitored in situ with dynamic light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, and Raman scattering and ex situ with far-UV circular dichroism and second-derivative UV spectroscopy. The effects of adding 0.15 M (similar to 5 w/w %) sucrose were also assessed. The addition of sucrose decreased monomer loss rates but did not change protein-protein interactions, aggregation mechanism(s), or aggregate structure and morphology. Consistent with prior results, altering the pD or salt concentration had the primary effect of changing the aggregation mechanism. Overall, the results provide a comparison of aggregate structure and morphology created via different growth mechanisms using orthogonal techniques and show that the techniques agree at least qualitatively. Interestingly, AS-IgG1 aggregates created at pD 5.3 with no added salt formed the smallest aggregates but had the largest structural changes compared to other solution conditions. The observation that the larger aggregates were also those with less structural perturbation compared to folded AS-IgG1 might be expected to extend to other proteins if the same strong electrostatic repulsions that mediate aggregate growth also mediate structural changes of the constituent proteins within aggregates. C1 [Barnett, Gregory V.; Liu, Yun; Roberts, Christopher J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Qi, Wei; Amin, Samiul; Lewis, E. Neil] Malvern Biosci Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Razinkov, Vladimir I.; Kerwin, Bruce A.] Amgen Inc, Drug Prod Dev, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. [Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Roberts, CJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM cjr@udel.edu FU Amgen; National Institute of Standards and Technology [NIST 70NANB12H239]; National Science Foundation [CBET 0931173] FX G.V.B. and C.J.R. gratefully acknowledge support from Amgen, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST 70NANB12H239), and the National Science Foundation (CBET 0931173). This work used the NGB (30m SANS) instrument at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research (NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials (or suppliers, or software) are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 10 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 49 BP 15150 EP 15163 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08748 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CY3WD UT WOS:000366339700008 PM 26563591 ER PT J AU Dzuba, VA Safronova, MS Safronova, UI Flambaum, VV AF Dzuba, V. A. Safronova, M. S. Safronova, U. I. Flambaum, V. V. TI Actinide ions for testing the spatial alpha-variation hypothesis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SPACE-TIME VARIATION; FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS; ATOMIC CLOCKS; METROLOGY; ELEMENTS; LEVEL AB Testing the spatial variation of the fine-structure constant a indicated by Webb et al. [J. K. Webb, J. A. King, M. T. Murphy, V. V. Flambaum, R. F. Carswell, and M. B. Bainbridge, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 191101 (2011)] with terrestrial laboratory atomic measurements requires at least. alpha/alpha similar to 10(-19) yr(-1) sensitivity. We conduct a systematic search of atomic systems for such a test that have all features of the best optical clock transitions leading to the possibility of the frequency measurements with fractional accuracy on the level of 10(-18) or better and have a factor of 100 extra enhancement of alpha variation in comparison to experimental frequency ratio measurement accuracy. We identify the pair of actinide Cf15+ and Es16+ ions as the best system for a test of spatial alpha-variation hypothesis as it satisfies both of these requirements and has sufficiently simple electronic structure to allow for high-precision predictions of all atomic properties required for rapid experimental progress. C1 [Dzuba, V. A.; Flambaum, V. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Dzuba, VA (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. FU Gordon Godfrey Fellowship program UNSW; U.S. NSF [PHY-1404156]; Australian Research Council FX We thank Michiharu Wada and Hidetoshi Katori for stimulating discussions. M.S.S. thanks the School of Physics at UNSW, Sydney, Australia for hospitality and acknowledges support from the Gordon Godfrey Fellowship program UNSW. This work was supported by U.S. NSF Grant No. PHY-1404156 and the Australian Research Council. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 10 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 6 AR 060502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.060502 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CY0FZ UT WOS:000366083100001 ER PT J AU Kermarrec, E Maharaj, DD Gaudet, J Fritsch, K Pomaranski, D Kycia, JB Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Couchman, MMP Morningstar, AOR Dabkowska, HA Gaulin, BD AF Kermarrec, E. Maharaj, D. D. Gaudet, J. Fritsch, K. Pomaranski, D. Kycia, J. B. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Couchman, M. M. P. Morningstar, A. O. R. Dabkowska, H. A. Gaulin, B. D. TI Gapped and gapless short-range-ordered magnetic states with (1/2,1/2,1/2) wave vectors in the pyrochlore magnet Tb2+xTi2-xO7+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNET; TB2TI2O7 AB Recent low-temperature heat capacity (C-P) measurements on polycrystalline samples of the pyrochlore antiferromagnet Tb2+xTi2-xO7+delta have shown a strong sensitivity to the precise Tb concentration x, with a large anomaly exhibited for x similar to 0.005 at T-C similar to 0.5 K and no such anomaly and corresponding phase transition for x <= 0. We have grown single-crystal samples of Tb2+xTi2-xO7+delta, with approximate composition x = -0.001,+0.0042, and +0.0147, where the x = 0.0042 single crystal exhibits a large C-P anomaly at T-C = 0.45 K, but neither the x = -0.001 nor the x = +0.0147 single crystals display any such anomaly. We present new time-of-flight neutron scattering measurements on the x = -0.001 and the x = +0.0147 samples which show strong (1 2, 1 2, 1 2) quasi-Bragg peaks at low temperatures characteristic of short-range antiferromagnetic spin ice (AFSI) order at zero magnetic field but only under field-cooled conditions, as was previously observed in our x = 0.0042 single crystal. Furthermore, the frozen AFSI state displays a gapped spin excitation spectrum around (1/2, 1/2, 1/2), with a gap of similar to 0.1 meV, again similar to previous observations on the x = 0.0042 single crystal. These results show that the strong (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) quasi-Bragg peaks and gapped AFSI state at low temperatures under field-cooled conditions are robust features of Tb2Ti2O7, and are not correlated with the presence or absence of the C-P anomaly and phase transition at low temperatures. Further, these results show that the ordered state giving rise to the C-P anomaly is confined to 0 <= x <= 0.01 for Tb2+xTi2-xO7+delta, and is not obviously connected with conventional order of magnetic dipole degrees of freedom. C1 [Kermarrec, E.; Maharaj, D. D.; Gaudet, J.; Fritsch, K.; Couchman, M. M. P.; Morningstar, A. O. R.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Fritsch, K.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Pomaranski, D.; Kycia, J. B.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Pomaranski, D.; Kycia, J. B.] Univ Waterloo, Guelph Waterloo Phys Inst, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Pomaranski, D.; Kycia, J. B.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Kermarrec, E (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. OI Kermarrec, Edwin/0000-0002-3467-5482 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; NSERC of Canada FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772, and was supported by NSERC of Canada. The DAVE software package [34] was used for data reduction and analysis of DCS data. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 10 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 24 AR 245114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.245114 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CY0JZ UT WOS:000366093700001 ER PT J AU Edmunds, RC Gill, JA Baldwin, DH Linbo, TL French, BL Brown, TL Esbaugh, AJ Mager, EM Stieglitz, J Hoenig, R Benetti, D Grosell, M Scholz, NL Incardona, JP AF Edmunds, Richard C. Gill, J. A. Baldwin, David H. Linbo, Tiffany L. French, Barbara L. Brown, Tanya L. Esbaugh, Andrew J. Mager, Edward M. Stieglitz, John Hoenig, Ron Benetti, Daniel Grosell, Martin Scholz, Nathaniel L. Incardona, John P. TI Corresponding morphological and molecular indicators of crude oil toxicity to the developing hearts of mahi mahi SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DRIVEN CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION; INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; HEAVY FUEL-OIL; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CORYPHAENA-HIPPURUS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT AB Crude oils from distinct geological sources worldwide are toxic to developing fish hearts. When oil spills occur in fish spawning habitats, natural resource injury assessments often rely on conventional morphometric analyses of heart form and function. The extent to which visible indicators correspond to molecular markers for cardiovascular stress is unknown for pelagic predators from the Gulf of Mexico. Here we exposed mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) embryos to field-collected crude oil samples from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster. We compared visible heart defects (edema, abnormal looping, reduced contractility) to changes in expression of cardiac-specific genes that are diagnostic of heart failure in humans or associated with loss-of-function zebrafish cardiac mutants. Mahi exposed to crude oil during embryogenesis displayed typical symptoms of cardiogenic syndrome as larvae. Contractility, looping, and circulatory defects were evident, but larval mahi did not exhibit downstream craniofacial and body axis abnormalities. A gradation of oil exposures yielded concentration-responsive changes in morphometric and molecular responses, with relative sensitivity being influenced by age. Our findings suggest that 1) morphometric analyses of cardiac function are more sensitive to proximal effects of crude oil-derived chemicals on the developing heart, and 2) molecular indicators reveal a longer-term adverse shift in cardiogenesis trajectory. C1 [Edmunds, Richard C.] NOAA, Natl Res Council Associate Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Gill, J. A.; Brown, Tanya L.] NOAA, Frank Orth & Associates, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Baldwin, David H.; Linbo, Tiffany L.; French, Barbara L.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.; Incardona, John P.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Esbaugh, Andrew J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Inst Marine Sci, Dept Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Mager, Edward M.; Stieglitz, John; Hoenig, Ron; Benetti, Daniel; Grosell, Martin] Univ Miami, Dept Marine Biol & Ecol, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Edmunds, RC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Res Council Associate Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Richard.C.Edmunds@gmail.com; John.Incardona@noaa.gov OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272; Esbaugh, Andrew/0000-0002-7262-4408 FU Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) FX The authors thank Cathy Laetz (NOAA), Jana Labenia (NOAA), Claire Lay (Abt Associates), Ryan Takeshita (Abt Associates), Heather Forth (Abt Associates), and Jeff Morris (Abt Associates) for assistance with data collection and analysis. This work was supported by funds provided as part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) for the DWH oil spill. Data presented here is a subset of a larger toxicological database that is being generated as part of the Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment. Therefore, these data will be subject to additional analysis and interpretation, which may include interpretation in the context of additional data not presented here. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 49 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 10 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 17326 DI 10.1038/srep17326 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY0RU UT WOS:000366114200001 PM 26658479 ER PT J AU Xue, X Chandler, G Zhang, XR Kline, RJ Fei, ZP Heeney, M Diemer, PJ Jurchescu, OD O'Connor, BT AF Xue, Xiao Chandler, George Zhang, Xinran Kline, R. Joseph Fei, Zhuping Heeney, Martin Diemer, Peter J. Jurchescu, Oana D. O'Connor, Brendan T. TI Oriented Liquid Crystalline Polymer Semiconductor Films with Large Ordered Domains SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE polymer semiconductors; charge transport; pBTTT; oriented film ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT ANISOTROPY; HIGH-PERFORMANCE POLYMER; THIN-FILMS; HIGH-MOBILITY; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); MICROSTRUCTURE; ORIGIN; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); COPOLYMER AB Large strains are applied to liquid crystalline poly(2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2yl)thieno(3,2-b)thiophene) (pBTTT) films when held at elevated temperatures resulting in in-plane polymer alignment. We find that the polymer backbone aligns significantly in the direction of strain, and that the films maintain large quasi-domains similar to that found in spun-cast films on hydrophobic surfaces, highlighted by dark-field transmission electron microscopy imaging. The highly strained films also have nanoscale holes consistent with dewetting. Charge transport in the films is then characterized in a transistor configuration, where the field effect mobility is shown to increase in the direction of polymer backbone alignment, and decrease in the transverse direction. The highest saturated field-effect mobility was found to be 1.67 cm(2)AV(-1)s(-1), representing one of the highest reported mobilities for this material system. The morphology of the oriented films demonstrated here contrast significantly with previous demonstrations of oriented pBTTT films that form a ribbon-like morphology, opening up opportunities to explore how differences in molecular packing features of oriented films impact charge transport. Results highlight the role of grain boundaries, differences in charge transport along the polymer backbone and pi-stacking direction, and structural features that impact the field dependence of charge transport. C1 [Xue, Xiao; Chandler, George; O'Connor, Brendan T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zhang, Xinran] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Inst Soft Matter Synth & Metrol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fei, Zhuping; Heeney, Martin] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Fei, Zhuping; Heeney, Martin] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Diemer, Peter J.; Jurchescu, Oana D.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP O'Connor, BT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM btoconno@ncsu.edu RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; OI Fei, Zhuping/0000-0002-2160-9136; Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1200340, ECCS-1407885, ECCS-1254757, ECCS-1338012] FX National Science Foundation awards: CMMI-1200340, ECCS-1407885, ECCS-1254757, and ECCS-1338012. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD DEC 9 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 48 BP 26726 EP 26734 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b08710 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CY3VX UT WOS:000366339100048 PM 26552721 ER PT J AU Kulosa, AP Fim, D Zipfel, KH Ruhmann, S Sauer, S Jha, N Gibble, K Ertmer, W Rasel, EM Safronova, MS Safronova, UI Porsev, SG AF Kulosa, A. P. Fim, D. Zipfel, K. H. Ruehmann, S. Sauer, S. Jha, N. Gibble, K. Ertmer, W. Rasel, E. M. Safronova, M. S. Safronova, U. I. Porsev, S. G. TI Towards a Mg Lattice Clock: Observation of the S-1(0)-P-3(0) Transition and Determination of the Magic Wavelength SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLOCK; INSTABILITY; UNCERTAINTY AB We optically excite the electronic state 3s3p P-3(0) in Mg-24 atoms, laser cooled and trapped in a magic-wavelength lattice. An applied magnetic field enhances the coupling of the light to the otherwise strictly forbidden transition. We determine the magic wavelength, the quadratic magnetic Zeeman shift, and the transition frequency to be 468.46(21) nm, -206.6(2.0) MHz/T-2, and 655 058 646 691(101) kHz, respectively. These are compared with theoretical predictions and results from complementary experiments. We also develop a high-precision relativistic structure model for magnesium, give an improved theoretical value for the blackbody radiation shift, and discuss a clock based on bosonic magnesium. C1 [Kulosa, A. P.; Fim, D.; Zipfel, K. H.; Ruehmann, S.; Sauer, S.; Jha, N.; Gibble, K.; Ertmer, W.; Rasel, E. M.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Quantenopt, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Gibble, K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Safronova, M. S.; Porsev, S. G.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DC 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Porsev, S. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. RP Kulosa, AP (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Quantenopt, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within QUEST, Center for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research; NASA; U.S. NSF [PHY-1404156, PHY-1311570]; DFG Research Training Group (Graduiertenkolleg) [1729]; Marie Curie Initial Training Network FACT (ITN-FACT) Program [FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN] FX We thank A. Bauch and H. Schnatz from Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) for providing a passive H maser and assistance with frequency measurements during the early stage of the experiment as well as C. Lisdat for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within QUEST, Center for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (A. P. K., S. R., S. S., W. E., and E. M. R.), NASA (K. G.), and U.S. NSF Grants No. PHY-1404156 (M. S. S. and S. G. P.) and No. PHY-1311570 (K. G.). D. F. and K. H. Z. acknowledge financial support from DFG Research Training Group (Graduiertenkolleg) 1729. N. J. is supported by the Marie Curie Initial Training Network FACT (ITN-FACT) Program, call FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 9 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 24 AR 240801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.240801 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CY0PD UT WOS:000366107100005 PM 26705620 ER PT J AU Alberca, A Munuera, C Azpeitia, J Kirby, B Nemes, NM Perez-Munoz, AM Tornos, J Mompean, FJ Leon, C Santamaria, J Garcia-Hernandez, M AF Alberca, A. Munuera, C. Azpeitia, J. Kirby, B. Nemes, N. M. Perez-Munoz, A. M. Tornos, J. Mompean, F. J. Leon, C. Santamaria, J. Garcia-Hernandez, M. TI Phase separation enhanced magneto-electric coupling in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/BaTiO3 ultra-thin films SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID STRAIN; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MANGANITES; BEHAVIOR AB We study the origin of the magnetoelectric coupling in manganite films on ferroelectric substrates. We find large magnetoelectric coupling in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/BaTiO3 ultra-thin films in experiments based on the converse magnetoelectric effect. The magnetization changes by around 30-40% upon applying electric fields on the order of 1 kV/cm to the BaTiO3 substrate, corresponding to magnetoelectric coupling constants on the order of alpha = (2-5).10(-7) s/m. Magnetic anisotropy is also affected by the electric field induced strain, resulting in a considerable reduction of coercive fields. We compare the magnetoelectric effect in pre-poled and unpoled BaTiO3 substrates. Polarized neutron reflectometry reveals a two-layer behavior with a depressed magnetic layer of around 30 angstrom at the interface. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) shows a granular magnetic structure of the La0.7Ca0.3MnO3. The magnetic granularity of the La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 film and the robust magnetoelastic coupling at the La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/BaTiO3 interface are at the origin of the large magnetoelectric coupling, which is enhanced by phase separation in the manganite. C1 [Alberca, A.; Munuera, C.; Azpeitia, J.; Mompean, F. J.; Garcia-Hernandez, M.] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Kirby, B.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nemes, N. M.; Perez-Munoz, A. M.; Tornos, J.; Leon, C.; Santamaria, J.] Univ Complutense, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Munuera, C.; Azpeitia, J.; Nemes, N. M.; Perez-Munoz, A. M.; Mompean, F. J.; Leon, C.; Santamaria, J.; Garcia-Hernandez, M.] Univ Complutense Madrid, CSIC, Unidad Asociada, Lab Heteroestruct Aplicac Spintron, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Garcia-Hernandez, M (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM marmar@icmm.csic.es RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Munuera, Carmen/J-9928-2014; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686 FU Spanish MICINN; MINECO [MAT2011-27470-C02-01, MAT2011-27470-C02-02, MAT2014-52405-C2-2-R, MAT2014-52405-C2-1R, CSD-2009-00013] FX The authors are grateful to Julie Borchers and Chuck Majkrzak for stimulating discussions. The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish MICINN and MINECO through grants MAT2011-27470-C02-01, MAT2011-27470-C02-02, MAT2014-52405-C2-2-R, MAT2014-52405-C2-1R and CSD-2009-00013. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 52 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 9 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 17926 DI 10.1038/srep17926 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX9MJ UT WOS:000366029400001 PM 26648002 ER PT J AU Gunasekera, J Harriger, L Dahal, A Heitmann, T Vignale, G Singh, DK AF Gunasekera, J. Harriger, L. Dahal, A. Heitmann, T. Vignale, G. Singh, D. K. TI Magnetic fluctuations driven insulator-to-metal transition in Ca(Ir1-xRux)O-3 SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MOTT INSULATOR; OXIDES; CARUO3; BAND; FERROMAGNETISM; PHYSICS; NARROW AB Magnetic fluctuations in transition metal oxides are a subject of intensive research because of the key role they are expected to play in the transition from the Mott insulator to the unconventional metallic phase of these materials, and also as drivers of superconductivity. Despite much effort, a clear link between magnetic fluctuations and the insulator-to-metal transition has not yet been established. Here we report the discovery of a compelling link between magnetic fluctuations and the insulator-to-metal transition in Ca(Ir1-xRux)O-3 perovskites as a function of the substitution coefficient x. We show that when the material turns from insulator to metal, at a critical value of x - 0.3, magnetic fluctuations tend to change their character from antiferromagnetic, a Mott insulator phase, to ferromagnetic, an itinerant electron state with Hund's orbital coupling. These results are expected to have wide-ranging implications for our understanding of the unconventional properties of strongly correlated electrons systems. C1 [Gunasekera, J.; Dahal, A.; Vignale, G.; Singh, D. K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Harriger, L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heitmann, T.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Singh, DK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM singhdk@missouri.edu FU Department of Commerce; MU IGERT program - NSF [DGE-1069091] FX This work used facilities supported in part by the Department of Commerce. DKS acknowledges support from the MU IGERT program, funded by NSF under grant number DGE-1069091. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 9 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 18047 DI 10.1038/srep18047 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX9OP UT WOS:000366035400001 PM 26647965 ER PT J AU Zhu, SZ Stroscio, JA Li, T AF Zhu, Shuze Stroscio, Joseph A. Li, Teng TI Programmable Extreme Pseudomagnetic Fields in Graphene by a Uniaxial Stretch SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; LITHOGRAPHY; NANOMESH; GROWTH; HETEROSTRUCTURES; NANORIBBONS; GRAPHANE; BANDGAP AB Many of the properties of graphene are tied to its lattice structure, allowing for tuning of charge carrier dynamics through mechanical strain. The graphene electromechanical coupling yields very large pseudomagnetic fields for small strain fields, up to hundreds of Tesla, which offer new scientific opportunities unattainable with ordinary laboratory magnets. Significant challenges exist in investigation of pseudomagnetic fields, limited by the nonplanar graphene geometries in existing demonstrations and the lack of a viable approach to controlling the distribution and intensity of the pseudomagnetic field. Here we reveal a facile and effective mechanism to achieve programmable extreme pseudomagnetic fields with uniform distributions in a planar graphene sheet over a large area by a simple uniaxial stretch. We achieve this by patterning the planar graphene geometry and graphene-based heterostructures with a shape function to engineer a desired strain gradient. Our method is geometrical, opening up new fertile opportunities of strain engineering of electronic properties of 2D materials in general. C1 [Zhu, Shuze; Li, Teng] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lit@umd.edu RI Li, Teng/B-1585-2008 OI Li, Teng/0000-0001-6252-561X FU National Science Foundation [1069076, 1129826]; Clark School Future Faculty Program; University of Maryland FX We would like to thank N. Zhitenev for valuable discussions. T. L. and S. Z. acknowledge the support by the National Science Foundation (Grants No. 1069076 and No. 1129826). S. Z. thanks the support of the Clark School Future Faculty Program and a Graduate Dean's Dissertation Fellowship at the University of Maryland. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 10 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 24 AR 245501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.245501 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CY0OZ UT WOS:000366106700005 PM 26705640 ER PT J AU Disseler, SM Chen, Y Yeo, S Gasparovic, G Piccoli, PMB Schultz, AJ Qiu, Y Huang, Q Cheong, SW Ratcliff, W AF Disseler, S. M. Chen, Y. Yeo, S. Gasparovic, G. Piccoli, P. M. B. Schultz, A. J. Qiu, Y. Huang, Q. Cheong, S. -W. Ratcliff, W., II TI One Dimensional(1D)-to-2D Crossover of Spin Correlations in the 3D Magnet ZnMn2O4 SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITION; MODEL; ANTIFERROMAGNET; FRUSTRATION; SYSTEMS; ORDER AB We report on the intriguing evolution of the dynamical spin correlations of the frustrated spinel ZnMn2O4. Inelastic neutron scattering and magnetization studies reveal that the dynamical correlations at high temperatures are 1D. At lower temperature, these dynamical correlations become 2D. Surprisingly, the dynamical correlations condense into a quasi 2D Ising-like ordered state, making this a rare observation of two dimensional order on the spinel lattice. Remarkably, 3D ordering is not observed down to temperatures as low as 300 mK. This unprecedented dimensional crossover stems from frustrated exchange couplings due to the huge Jahn-Teller distortions around Mn3+ ions on the spinel lattice. C1 [Disseler, S. M.; Chen, Y.; Gasparovic, G.; Qiu, Y.; Huang, Q.; Ratcliff, W., II] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Y.; Gasparovic, G.; Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yeo, S.; Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Yeo, S.; Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Piccoli, P. M. B.; Schultz, A. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Yeo, S.] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Daejeon, South Korea. RP Ratcliff, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.ratcliff@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46382]; US Department of Energy, BES-Materials Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We acknowledge useful discussions with C. Broholm, I. Zaliznyak, and D.I. Khomskii. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. The work at Rutgers was supported by the DOE grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46382. Work at Argonne was supported by the US Department of Energy, BES-Materials Science, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 8 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 17771 DI 10.1038/srep17771 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX8NH UT WOS:000365960100001 PM 26644220 ER PT J AU Vargas-Angel, B Richards, CL Vroom, PS Price, NN Schils, T Young, CW Smith, J Johnson, MD Brainard, RE AF Vargas-Angel, Bernardo Richards, Cristi L. Vroom, Peter S. Price, Nichole N. Schils, Tom Young, Charles W. Smith, Jennifer Johnson, Maggie D. Brainard, Russell E. TI Baseline Assessment of Net Calcium Carbonate Accretion Rates on US Pacific Reefs SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CRUSTOSE CORALLINE ALGAE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREEN-ALGAE; ECOSYSTEMS; COMMUNITY; RESPONSES; SURVIVAL; DIOXIDE AB This paper presents a comprehensive quantitative baseline assessment of in situ net calcium carbonate accretion rates (g CaCO3 cm(-2) yr(-1)) of early successional recruitment communities on Calcification Accretion Unit (CAU) plates deployed on coral reefs at 78 discrete sites, across 11 islands in the central and south Pacific Oceans. Accretion rates varied substantially within and between islands, reef zones, levels of wave exposure, and island geomorphology. For forereef sites, mean accretion rates were the highest at Rose Atoll, Jarvis, and Swains Islands, and the lowest at Johnston Atoll and Tutuila. A comparison between reef zones showed higher accretion rates on forereefs compared to lagoon sites; mean accretion rates were also higher on windward than leeward sites but only for a subset of islands. High levels of spatial variability in net carbonate accretion rates reported herein draw attention to the heterogeneity of the community assemblages. Percent cover of key early successional taxa on CAU plates did not reflect that of the mature communities present on surrounding benthos, possibly due to the short deployment period (2 years) of the experimental units. Yet, net CaCO3 accretion rates were positively correlated with crustose coralline algae (CCA) percent cover on the surrounding benthos and on the CAU plates, which on average represented >70% of the accreted material. For foreeefs and lagoon sites combined CaCO3 accretion rates were statistically correlated with total alkalinity and Chlorophyll-a; a GAM analysis indicated that SiOH and Halimeda were the best predictor variables of accretion rates on lagoon sites, and total alkalinity and Chlorophyll-a for forereef sites, demonstrating the utility of CAUs as a tool to monitor changes in reef accretion rates as they relate to ocean acidification. This study underscores the pivotal role CCA play as a key benthic component and supporting actively calcifying reefs; high Mg-calcite exoskeletons makes CCA extremely susceptible changes in ocean water pH, emphasizing the far-reaching threat that ocean acidification poses to the ecological function and persistence of coral reefs worldwide. C1 [Vargas-Angel, Bernardo; Young, Charles W.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Vroom, Peter S.] Ocean Associates, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Price, Nichole N.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. [Schils, Tom] Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96913 USA. [Smith, Jennifer; Johnson, Maggie D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Vargas-Angel, B (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM Bernado.VargasAngel@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Maggie/C-6469-2013 FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; NOAA NMFS Office of Science and Technology; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED); Scripps Institution of Oceanography; American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources; National Park of American Samoa; National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai FX This work was supported by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, the NOAA NMFS Office of Science and Technology, and NOAA Ocean Acidification Program. Institutional, logistic, and financial support was also provided by NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Ocean Associates provided support in the form of a salary for author PSV, but did not have any additional role in the study.; This work was supported by the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program and the NOAA NMFS Office of Science and Technology. Institutional, logistic, and financial support was also provided by NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Permission to work in American Samoa and the Pacific Island National Marine Monument was granted by the American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, the National Park of American Samoa, the National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa, and by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Thanks are due to the officers and crew of the NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai for support with dive and small boat operations. A number of CRED staff assisted with construction, deployment, and recovery of the CAU assemblies. E Penland, E Looney, P Misa-Lozada, B Richards, and H, Bailey assisted with CAU lab processing; staff from J Smith Lab at Scripps helped with the CAU plate image analysis, and T Acoba, J Ehses, and A Dillon assisted with figure preparation and formatting. The authors also want to thank B Schumacher, J Samson, P Misa-Lozada, and T Oliver, as well as to anonymous reviewers, whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. The manuscript contents are solely the opinion of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 7 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0142196 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0142196 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CZ1YS UT WOS:000366902700007 PM 26641885 ER PT J AU Klimov, NN Le, ST Yan, J Agnihotri, P Comfort, E Lee, JU Newell, DB Richter, CA AF Klimov, Nikolai N. Le, Son T. Yan, J. Agnihotri, Pratik Comfort, Everett Lee, Ji Ung Newell, David B. Richter, Curt A. TI Edge-state transport in graphene p-n junctions in the quantum Hall regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IRREVERSIBLE-PROCESSES; RECIPROCAL RELATIONS AB We experimentally investigate charge carrier transport in a graphene p-n junction device by using independent p-type and n-type electrostatic gating which allow full characterization of the junction interface in the quantum Hall regime covering awide range of filling factors [-10 <= (v(1), v(2)) <= 10]. Recent charge transportmeasurements across a graphene p-n junction in this quantized regime presume that equilibration of all of the Landauer-Buttiker edge states occurs across the p-n junction interface. Here we show that, in our devices, only the edge state associated with the lowest Landau level fully equilibrate across the p-n junction, while none of the other edge states equilibrate to transmit current across the junction. C1 [Klimov, Nikolai N.; Le, Son T.; Newell, David B.; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Klimov, Nikolai N.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Le, Son T.; Yan, J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Agnihotri, Pratik; Comfort, Everett; Lee, Ji Ung] SUNY Polytech Inst, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Klimov, NN (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 12 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 7 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 24 AR 241301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.241301 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CY0JK UT WOS:000366092200001 ER PT J AU Lecocq, F Clark, JB Simmonds, RW Aumentado, J Teufel, JD AF Lecocq, F. Clark, J. B. Simmonds, R. W. Aumentado, J. Teufel, J. D. TI Quantum Nondemolition Measurement of a Nonclassical State of a Massive Object SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Article ID INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; GROUND-STATE; OSCILLATOR; MICROWAVE; MOTION; LIGHT; OPTOMECHANICS; FLUCTUATIONS; COHERENT; NOISE AB By coupling a macroscopic mechanical oscillator to two microwave cavities, we simultaneously prepare and monitor a nonclassical steady state of mechanical motion. In each cavity, correlated radiation pressure forces induced by two coherent drives engineer the coupling between the quadratures of light and motion. We, first, demonstrate the ability to perform a continuous quantum nondemolition measurement of a single mechanical quadrature at a rate that exceeds the mechanical decoherence rate, while avoiding measurement backaction by more than 13 dB. Second, we apply this measurement technique to independently verify the preparation of a squeezed state in the mechanical oscillator, resolving quadrature fluctuations 20% below the quantum noise. C1 [Lecocq, F.; Clark, J. B.; Simmonds, R. W.; Aumentado, J.; Teufel, J. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Teufel, JD (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.teufel@nist.gov RI Teufel, John/A-8898-2010; Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009; Lecocq, Florent/A-9613-2015 OI Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941; Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466; Lecocq, Florent/0000-0002-3950-0024 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD DEC 7 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 4 AR 041037 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.5.041037 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CY0NU UT WOS:000366103600001 PM 27057422 ER PT J AU Jones, CM Driggers, WB Castro, JI de Carvalho, MR AF Jones, Christian M. Driggers, William B., III Castro, Jose I. de Carvalho, Marcelo R. TI On the attribution of authorship for several elasmobranch species in Muller and Henle's Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jones, Christian M.; Driggers, William B., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. [Castro, Jose I.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. [de Carvalho, Marcelo R.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-05502090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. RP Jones, CM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. EM christian.jones@noaa.gov; william.driggers@noaa.gov; jose.castro@noaa.gov; mrcarvalho@ib.usp.br NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 7 PY 2015 VL 4052 IS 5 BP 569 EP 572 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.5.4 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CX7MP UT WOS:000365886300004 PM 26701453 ER PT J AU Baio, JE Spinner, M Jaye, C Fischer, DA Gorb, SN Weidner, T AF Baio, Joe E. Spinner, Marlene Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Gorb, Stanislav N. Weidner, Tobias TI Evidence of a molecular boundary lubricant at snakeskin surfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE snakeskin; biomimetic materials; surface chemistry ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; IN-SITU; CORNEOUS LAYER; WATER EXCHANGE; ORIENTATION; EPIDERMIS; PROTEINS; SKIN; SPECTROSCOPY; MONOLAYERS AB During slithering locomotion the ventral scales at a snake's belly are in direct mechanical interaction with the environment, while the dorsal scales provide optical camouflage and thermoregulation. Recent work has demonstrated that compared to dorsal scales, ventral scales provide improved lubrication and wear protection. While biomechanic adaption of snake motion is of growing interest in the fields of material science and robotics, the mechanism for how ventral scales influence the friction between the snake and substrate, at the molecular level, is unknown. In this study, we characterize the outermost surface of snake scales using sum frequency generation (SFG) spectra and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) images collected from recently shed California kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae) epidermis. SFG's nonlinear optical selection rules provide information about the outermost surface of materials; NEXAFS takes advantage of the shallow escape depth of the electrons to probe the molecular structure of surfaces. Our analysis of the data revealed the existence of a previously unknown lipid coating on both the ventral and dorsal scales. Additionally, the molecular structure of this lipid coating closely aligns to the biological function: lipids on ventral scales form a highly ordered layer which provides both lubrication and wear protection at the snake's ventral surface. C1 [Baio, Joe E.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Chem Biol & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Spinner, Marlene; Gorb, Stanislav N.] Univ Kiel, Inst Zool, Funct Morphol & Biomech, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Weidner, Tobias] Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Weidner, T (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. EM weidner@mpip-mainz.mpg.de RI Weidner, Tobias/F-8725-2012 OI Weidner, Tobias/0000-0002-7083-7004 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [1202620]; US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science; US Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences FX J.E.B. thanks the National Science Foundation for a research fellowship (NSF grant no. 1202620). This work was performed at the NSLS, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science and Division of Chemical Sciences. This work is also a part of the research programme of the Max Planck Society. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 EI 1742-5662 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD DEC 6 PY 2015 VL 12 IS 113 AR 20150817 DI 10.1098/rsif.2015.0817 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DA4XV UT WOS:000367807000010 PM 26655468 ER PT J AU Velizhanin, KA Sahu, S Chien, CC Dubi, Y Zwolak, M AF Velizhanin, Kirill A. Sahu, Subin Chien, Chih-Chun Dubi, Yonatan Zwolak, Michael TI Crossover behavior of the thermal conductance and Kramers' transition rate theory SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DNA DENATURATION; HEAT-FLOW; NONLINEAR MODEL; FOURIERS LAW AB Kramers' theory frames chemical reaction rates in solution as reactants overcoming a barrier in the presence of friction and noise. For weak coupling to the solution, the reaction rate is limited by the rate at which the solution can restore equilibrium after a subset of reactants have surmounted the barrier to become products. For strong coupling, there are always sufficiently energetic reactants. However, the solution returns many of the intermediate states back to the reactants before the product fully forms. Here, we demonstrate that the thermal conductance displays an analogous physical response to the friction and noise that drive the heat current through a material or structure. A crossover behavior emerges where the thermal reservoirs dominate the conductance at the extremes and only in the intermediate region are the intrinsic properties of the lattice manifest. Not only does this shed new light on Kramers' classic turnover problem, this result is significant for the design of devices for thermal management and other applications, as well as the proper simulation of transport at the nanoscale. C1 [Velizhanin, Kirill A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sahu, Subin; Zwolak, Michael] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sahu, Subin] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sahu, Subin; Zwolak, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chien, Chih-Chun] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Dubi, Yonatan] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Dubi, Yonatan] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Ilse Katz Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Velizhanin, KA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kirill@lanl.gov; mpz@nist.gov RI Velizhanin, Kirill/C-4835-2008; Zwolak, Michael/G-2932-2013 OI Zwolak, Michael/0000-0001-6443-7816 FU U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program; Israel Science Fund [1256/14]; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX K.A.V. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program. Y.D. acknowledges support from the Israel Science Fund (grant No. 1256/14). S. Sahu acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 4 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 17506 DI 10.1038/srep17506 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX6PE UT WOS:000365822200001 PM 26634333 ER PT J AU Lucon, E McCowan, CN Santoyo, RL AF Lucon, Enrico McCowan, Chris N. Santoyo, Ray L. TI Certification of NIST Room Temperature Low-Energy and High-Energy Charpy Verification Specimens SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Charpy master machines; Charpy reference specimens; coefficient of variation; high-energy specimens; indirect verification; low-energy specimens; room temperature; sample size; specimen jamming AB The possibility for NIST to certify Charpy reference specimens for testing at room temperature ( 21 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C) instead of -40 degrees C was investigated by performing 130 room-temperature tests from five low-energy and four high-energy lots of steel on the three master Charpy machines located in Boulder, CO. The statistical analyses performed show that in most cases the variability of results ( i.e., the experimental scatter) is reduced when testing at room temperature. For eight out of the nine lots considered, the observed variability was lower at 21 degrees C than at -40 degrees C. The results of this study will allow NIST to satisfy requests for room-temperature Charpy verification specimens that have been received from customers for several years: testing at 21 degrees C removes from the verification process the operator's skill in transferring the specimen in a timely fashion from the cooling bath to the impact position, and puts the focus back on the machine performance. For NIST, it also reduces the time and cost for certifying new verification lots. For one of the low-energy lots tested with a C-shaped hammer, we experienced two specimens jamming, which yielded unusually high values of absorbed energy. For both specimens, the signs of jamming were clearly visible. For all the low-energy lots investigated, jamming is slightly more likely to occur at 21 degrees C than at -40 degrees C, since at room temperature low-energy samples tend to remain in the test area after impact rather than exiting in the opposite direction of the pendulum swing. In the evaluation of a verification set, any jammed specimen should be removed from the analyses. C1 [Lucon, Enrico; McCowan, Chris N.; Santoyo, Ray L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lucon, E (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM enrico.lucon@nist.gov; chris.mccowan@nist.gov; raymond.santoyo@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD DEC 3 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 316 EP 328 DI 10.6028/jres.120.020 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DA0RR UT WOS:000367505300001 PM 26958453 ER PT J AU Skripov, AV Skoryunov, RV Soloninin, AV Babanova, OA Tang, WS Stavila, V Udovic, TJ AF Skripov, Alexander V. Skoryunov, Roman V. Soloninin, Alexei V. Babanova, Olga A. Tang, Wan Si Stavila, Vitalie Udovic, Terrence J. TI Anion Reorientations and Cation Diffusion in LiCB11H12 and NaCB11H12: H-1, Li-7, and Na-23 NMR Studies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; NA2B12H12; LI2B12H12; LIBH4 AB To study the dynamical properties of the monocarba-closo-dodecaborates LiCB11H12 and NaCB11H12 showing the exceptionally high ionic conductivities in the high-temperature disordered phases, we have measured the temperature dependences of the H-1, Li-7, and Na-23 NMR spectra and spin-lattice relaxation rates in these compounds below and above the phase transition points. It has been found that for both compounds the transition-from the low-T ordered to the high-T disordered phase (near 384 and 376 K for LiCB11H12 and NaCB11H12, respectively) is accompanied by a nearly 3 orders of magnitude increase in the reorientational jump rate of [CB11H12](-) anions. The results of our Li-7 and Na-23 NMR measurements indicate that the phase transitions from the low-T to the high-T phases of both LiCB11H12 and NaCB11H12 are also accompanied by a strong acceleration of translational diffusion of cations (Li+ or Na+). In the high-T phases of LiCB11H12 and NaCB11H12, the cation diffusion is characterized by low activation energies: 92 (7) and 152 (8) meV, respectively. These results are consistent with the high superionic conductivity in the disordered phases of LiCB11H12 and NaCB11H12; furthermore, they suggest that the enhanced reorientational mobility of large nearly spherical anions may facilitate the translational mobility of the cations. C1 [Skripov, Alexander V.; Skoryunov, Roman V.; Soloninin, Alexei V.; Babanova, Olga A.] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Div, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. [Tang, Wan Si; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tang, Wan Si] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Nanomat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Skripov, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Ural Div, Inst Met Phys, S Kovalevskoi 18, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. EM skripov@imp.uran.ru RI Babanova, Olga/J-4821-2013; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013; Soloninin, Alexey/J-8580-2013; OI Babanova, Olga/0000-0002-2422-3263; Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538; Soloninin, Alexey/0000-0001-7127-9641; Skoryunov, Roman/0000-0001-6158-9056 FU Russian Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations [01201463330]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [15-03-01114]; Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences [15-9-2-9] FX This work was carried out within the assignment of the Russian Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations (program "Spin" No. 01201463330), supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 15-03-01114) and by the Grant No. 15-9-2-9 from the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 3 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 48 BP 26912 EP 26918 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b10055 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CX9EA UT WOS:000366006600014 ER PT J AU Gates, RS McLean, MJ Osborn, WA AF Gates, Richard S. McLean, Mark J. Osborn, William A. TI Smart Electronic Laboratory Notebooks for the NIST Research Environment SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cloud; collaboration; computing; ELN; electronic; laboratory; notebook; SELN; tablet AB Laboratory notebooks have been a staple of scientific research for centuries for organizing and documenting ideas and experiments. Modern laboratories are increasingly reliant on electronic data collection and analysis, so it seems inevitable that the digital revolution should come to the ordinary laboratory notebook. The most important aspect of this transition is to make the shift as comfortable and intuitive as possible, so that the creative process that is the hallmark of scientific investigation and engineering achievement is maintained, and ideally enhanced. The smart electronic laboratory notebooks described in this paper represent a paradigm shift from the old pen and paper style notebooks and provide a host of powerful operational and documentation capabilities in an intuitive format that is available anywhere at any time. C1 [Gates, Richard S.; McLean, Mark J.; Osborn, William A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gates, RS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.gates@nist.gov; mark.mclean@nist.gov; william.osborn@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.6028/jres.120.018 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DA0RP UT WOS:000367505100001 PM 26958447 ER PT J AU Szymkowiak, M Himes-Cornell, AH AF Szymkowiak, Marysia Himes-Cornell, Amber H. TI Towards individual-owned and owner-operated fleets in the Alaska Halibut and Sablefish IFQ program SO MARITIME STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Active participation measures; Owner-on-board; Hired skipper; Second-generation shareholders; Adaptive management ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; FISHING RIGHTS; QUOTAS; EXPERIENCE; US AB Although numerous IFQ programs include active participation measures intended to retain or transition fishing privileges to active fishermen, there has been limited research on the efficacy of these measures. This study addresses this gap by examining the impacts of active participation measures in the Alaska halibut and sablefish IFQ program, which were intended to provide for an ultimate transition of the catcher vessel fleets in these fisheries to becoming fully individual-owned and owner-operated. This paper shows that the effectiveness of these measures has been mixed and constrained by apparently strong incentives for many initial recipients of quota shares to effectively lease their annual IFQ allocations (through the use of hired skippers) rather than to sell their quota shares. Perhaps most problematic is the emergence of a class of wholly absentee quota shareholders, who hold only nominal interest in the vessel upon which their IFQ is fished, do not share in the risk of fishing, and continue to profit from the fishery while residing far away from the actual fishing grounds. There is also anecdotal evidence of differing cultural contexts for hired skipper use and second-generation entry between the Seattle and Alaska-based fleets in the Alaska halibut and sablefish fisheries. Wherein acting as a hired skipper may be analogous to an apprenticeship that facilitates quota share acquisition in the Seattle fleet, Alaskan hired skippers may be more analogous to strict lessees, who ultimately compete for quota shares in a market that includes initial recipients and second-generation shareholders both of whom were gifted quota shares. C1 [Himes-Cornell, Amber H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Szymkowiak, Marysia] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Himes-Cornell, AH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM amber.himes-cornell@noaa.gov OI Himes-Cornell, Amber/0000-0003-3695-2241 NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-9790 J9 MARIT STUD JI Marit. Stud. PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 19 DI 10.1186/s40152-015-0037-6 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY7FA UT WOS:000366572600001 ER PT J AU Houghton, J Holt, MM Giles, DA Hanson, MB Emmons, CK Hogan, JT Branch, TA VanBlaricom, GR AF Houghton, Juliana Holt, Marla M. Giles, Deborah A. Hanson, M. Bradley Emmons, Candice K. Hogan, Jeffrey T. Branch, Trevor A. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. TI The Relationship between Vessel Traffic and Noise Levels Received by Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNDERWATER NOISE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WATCHING BOATS; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT; MODEL; CALLS AB Whale watching has become increasingly popular as an ecotourism activity around the globe and is beneficial for environmental education and local economies. Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) comprise an endangered population that is frequently observed by a large whale watching fleet in the inland waters of Washington state and British Columbia. One of the factors identified as a risk to recovery for the population is the effect of vessels and associated noise. An examination of the effects of vessels and associated noise on whale behavior utilized novel equipment to address limitations of previous studies. Digital acoustic recording tags (DTAGs) measured the noise levels the tagged whales received while laser positioning systems allowed collection of geo-referenced data for tagged whales and all vessels within 1000 m of the tagged whale. The objective of the current study was to compare vessel data and DTAG recordings to relate vessel traffic to the ambient noise received by tagged whales. Two analyses were conducted, one including all recording intervals, and one that excluded intervals when only the research vessel was present. For all data, significant predictors of noise levels were length (inverse relationship), number of propellers, and vessel speed, but only 15% of the variation in noise was explained by this model. When research-vessel-only intervals were excluded, vessel speed was the only significant predictor of noise levels, and explained 42% of the variation. Simple linear regressions (ignoring covariates) found that average vessel speed and number of propellers were the only significant correlates with noise levels. We conclude that vessel speed is the most important predictor of noise levels received by whales in this study. Thus, measures that reduce vessel speed in the vicinity of killer whales would reduce noise exposure in this population. C1 [Houghton, Juliana; Branch, Trevor A.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holt, Marla M.; Hanson, M. Bradley; Emmons, Candice K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Giles, Deborah A.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hogan, Jeffrey T.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA USA. [VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA USA. RP Houghton, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM stephj5@uw.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Northwest Fisheries Science Center; NOAA Fisheries Ocean Acoustics Program; NOAA Northwest Regional Office through Cascadia Research Collective; University of Washington (UW) School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; UW College of Environment; Motion Picture Exhibitors of WA, AK OR Scholarship FX This work has been funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries Ocean Acoustics Program, NOAA Northwest Regional Office through Cascadia Research Collective, the University of Washington (UW) School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, the UW College of the Environment, and the Motion Picture Exhibitors of WA, AK & OR Scholarship. MMH, MBH, and CKE are employees of Northwest Fisheries Science Center. The other funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 60 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0140119 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0140119 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX8BI UT WOS:000365926300004 PM 26629916 ER PT J AU Marn, N Klanjscek, T Stokes, L Jusup, M AF Marn, Nina Klanjscek, Tin Stokes, Lesley Jusup, Marko TI Size Scaling in Western North Atlantic Loggerhead Turtles Permits Extrapolation between Regions, but Not Life Stages SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CARETTA-CARETTA; SEA-TURTLES; MARINE TURTLES; GROWTH-RATES; MODEL; CONSEQUENCES; MORTALITY; AGE AB Introduction Sea turtles face threats globally and are protected by national and international laws. Allometry and scaling models greatly aid sea turtle conservation and research, and help to better understand the biology of sea turtles. Scaling, however, may differ between regions and/or life stages. We analyze differences between (i) two different regional subsets and (ii) three different life stage subsets of the western North Atlantic loggerhead turtles by comparing the relative growth of body width and depth in relation to body length, and discuss the implications. Results and Discussion Results suggest that the differences between scaling relationships of different regional subsets are negligible, and models fitted on data from one region of the western North Atlantic can safely be used on data for the same life stage from another North Atlantic region. On the other hand, using models fitted on data for one life stage to describe other life stages is not recommended if accuracy is of paramount importance. In particular, young loggerhead turtles that have not recruited to neritic habitats should be studied and modeled separately whenever practical, while neritic juveniles and adults can be modeled together as one group. Even though morphometric scaling varies among life stages, a common model for all life stages can be used as a general description of scaling, and assuming isometric growth as a simplification is justified. In addition to linear models traditionally used for scaling on log-log axes, we test the performance of a saturating (curvilinear) model. The saturating model is statistically preferred in some cases, but the accuracy gained by the saturating model is marginal. C1 [Marn, Nina; Klanjscek, Tin] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Div Marine & Environm Res, Zagreb, Croatia. [Stokes, Lesley] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Jusup, Marko] Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Fukuoka 812, Japan. RP Marn, N (reprint author), Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Div Marine & Environm Res, Zagreb, Croatia. EM nmarn@irb.hr OI Klanjscek, Tin/0000-0002-9341-344X; Jusup, Marko/0000-0002-0777-0425; Marn, Nina/0000-0002-5307-2521 FU Croatian Science Foundation [2202]; ACCTA; Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports [098-0982934-2719]; Environmental Protection Agency STAR Grant [R82-9094]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Postdoctoral Fellowship Program for Foreign Researchers [P13380] FX This work has been supported in part by Croatian Science Foundation under the project 2202; ACCTA, http://www.hrzz.hr (NM, TK); Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, project 098-0982934-2719, http://public.mzos.hr (NM); Environmental Protection Agency STAR Grant (R82-9094) www.epa.gov (LS); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Postdoctoral Fellowship Program for Foreign Researchers no. P13380 and an accompanying Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, www.jsps.go.jp (MJ). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0143747 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0143747 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX8BI UT WOS:000365926300092 PM 26629702 ER PT J AU Gong, C Ruzmetov, D Pearse, A Ma, DK Munday, JN Rubloff, G Talin, AA Leite, MS AF Gong, Chen Ruzmetov, Dmitry Pearse, Alexander Ma, Dakang Munday, Jeremy N. Rubloff, Gary Talin, A. Alec Leite, Marina S. TI Surface/Interface Effects on High-Performance Thin-Film All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE energy storage; all-solid-state batteries; thin-films; aluminum; silicon ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; LITHIUM BATTERIES; ANODES; SILICON; LITHIATION; STABILITY; OXIDATION; ALUMINUM; CARBON AB The further development of all-solid-state batteries is still limited by the understanding/engineering of the interfaces formed upon cycling. Here, we correlate the morphological, chemical, and electrical changes of the surface of thin-film devices with Al negative electrodes. The stable Al-Li-O alloy formed at the stress-free surface of the electrode causes rapid capacity fade, from 48.0 to 41.5 mu Ah/cm(2) in two cycles. Surprisingly, the addition of a Cu capping layer is insufficient to prevent the device degradation. Nevertheless, Si electrodes present extremely stable cycling, maintaining >92% of its capacity after 100 cycles, with average Coulombic efficiency of 98%. C1 [Gong, Chen; Leite, Marina S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gong, Chen; Pearse, Alexander; Ma, Dakang; Munday, Jeremy N.; Rubloff, Gary; Leite, Marina S.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ma, Dakang; Munday, Jeremy N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rubloff, Gary] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ruzmetov, Dmitry] US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Ruzmetov, Dmitry] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Talin, A. Alec] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Leite, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM aatalin@sandia.gov; mleite@umd.edu RI Munday, Jeremy/E-6512-2016; Gong, Chen/R-9309-2016; Pearse, Alexander/B-2792-2017 OI Munday, Jeremy/0000-0002-0881-9876; Gong, Chen/0000-0003-3302-7675; FU School of Engineering at the University of Maryland; Minta Martin Award; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160] FX MSL and JNM thank the financial support from the School of Engineering at the University of Maryland, and the Minta Martin Award. CG acknowledge the University of Maryland 2015 Graduate School's Summer Research Fellowship program. This work was partially supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award DESC0001160, provided partial support to AAT and GR for data analysis and manuscript authoring, and to AP for carrying out XPS experiments and analysis. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 20 U2 122 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 47 BP 26007 EP 26011 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b07058 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CX8DB UT WOS:000365931700001 PM 26436529 ER PT J AU Breviere, EHG Bakker, DCE Bange, HW Bates, TS Bell, TG Boyd, PW Duce, RA Garcon, V Johnson, MT Law, CS Marandino, CA Olsen, A Quack, B Quinn, PK Sabine, CL Saltzman, ES AF Breviere, Emilie H. G. Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Bange, Hermann W. Bates, Timothy S. Bell, Thomas G. Boyd, Philip W. Duce, Robert A. Garcon, Veronique Johnson, Martin T. Law, Cliff S. Marandino, Christa A. Olsen, Are Quack, Birgit Quinn, Patricia K. Sabine, Christopher L. Saltzman, Eric S. TI Surface ocean-lower atmosphere study: Scientific synthesis and contribution to Earth system science SO ANTHROPOCENE LA English DT Article DE Ocean; Atmosphere; Processes; Biogeochemistry; Flux; Climate ID NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING ARCHAEA; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SOUTH-PACIFIC OCEAN; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; SEA SPRAY AEROSOL; NITROUS-OXIDE; GAS TRANSFER; DIMETHYLSULFIDE DMS AB The domain of the surface ocean and lower atmosphere is a complex, highly dynamic component of the Earth system. Better understanding of the physics and biogeochemistry of the air-sea interface and the processes that control the exchange of mass and energy across that boundary define the scope of the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) project. The scientific questions driving SOLAS research, as laid out in the SOLAS Science Plan and Implementation Strategy for the period 2004-2014, are highly challenging, inherently multidisciplinary and broad. During that decade, SOLAS has significantly advanced our knowledge. Discoveries related to the physics of exchange, global trace gas budgets and atmospheric chemistry, the CLAW hypothesis (named after its authors, Charlson, Lovelock, Andreae and Warren), and the influence of nutrients and ocean productivity on important biogeochemical cycles, have substantially changed our views of how the Earth system works and revealed knowledge gaps in our understanding. As such SOLAS has been instrumental in contributing to the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) mission of identification and assessment of risks posed to society and ecosystems by major changes in the Earth's biological, chemical and physical cycles and processes during the Anthropocene epoch. SOLAS is a bottom-up organization, whose scientific priorities evolve in response to scientific developments and community needs, which has led to the launch of a new 10-year phase. SOLAS (2015-2025) will focus on five core science themes that will provide a scientific basis for understanding and projecting future environmental change and for developing tools to inform societal decision-making. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Breviere, Emilie H. G.; Bange, Hermann W.; Marandino, Christa A.; Quack, Birgit] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Johnson, Martin T.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Bates, Timothy S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bates, Timothy S.; Quinn, Patricia K.; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bell, Thomas G.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Boyd, Philip W.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Garcon, Veronique] UMR 5566, Lab Etud Geophys & Oceanog Spatiales, Toulouse, France. [Law, Cliff S.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Law, Cliff S.] Univ Otago, Dept Chem, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Olsen, Are] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Olsen, Are] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Saltzman, Eric S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Phys Sci, Irvine, CA USA. RP Breviere, EHG (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM ebreviere@geomar.de RI Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015 OI Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337 NR 158 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2213-3054 J9 ANTHROPOCENE JI Anthropocene PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 BP 54 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.ancene.2015.11.001 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DU0OE UT WOS:000381903600006 ER PT J AU Prabhu, VM Venkataraman, S Yang, YY Hedrick, JL AF Prabhu, Vivek M. Venkataraman, Shrinivas Yang, Yi Yan Hedrick, James L. TI Star-Like Structure of Oligocarbonate-Fluorene End-Functionalized Poly(ethylene glycol) ABA Triblock Copolymers Below the Gel Point SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 22nd Polymer-Networks-Group Meeting on Polymer Networks and Gels (PN and G) / 10th Gel Symposium CY NOV 10-14, 2014 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Inst Solid State Phys, Univ Tokyo, Polymer Networks Grp DE aggregation; cluster; neutron scattering; star-like micelle; triblock copolymer ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY-SCATTERING; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; OXIDE) SOLUTIONS; THERMOREVERSIBLE GELATION; MICELLE FORMATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; POLYMERS; HYDROGELS; SYSTEMS AB ABA-type oligocarbonate-fluorene end-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) s form micelles with star-like correlations in dilute solutions where water solvates the middle (B) poly(ethylene oxide) block. Using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), the star-arm aggregation number and arm radius of gyration were characterized by Benoit's star-polymer form factor under theta-solvent conditions and by Alessandrini and Cargnano's renormalization group theory in good solvent. Model-independent SANS Zimm plots provide the radius of gyration, micelle aggregation number, and second virial coefficient (A(2)) as a function of temperature. In comparison to unfunctionalized poly(ethylene glycol) A(2) is consistent with predictions for self-assembling polymers below the gelation point with a theta temperature of approximate to 75 degrees C. C1 [Prabhu, Vivek M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Venkataraman, Shrinivas; Yang, Yi Yan] Inst Bioengn & Nanotechnol, Singapore 138669, Singapore. [Hedrick, James L.] IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 EI 1521-3900 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 358 IS 1 SI SI BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1002/masy.201500076 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DN7VE UT WOS:000377287400019 ER PT J AU Aponte, RA Gettings, KB Duewer, DL Coble, MD Vallone, PM AF Aponte, Rachel A. Gettings, Katherine B. Duewer, David L. Coble, Michael D. Vallone, Peter M. TI Sequence-based analysis of stutter at STR loci: Characterization and utility SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE Stutter; Next generation sequencing (NGS); Short tandem repeat (STR) AB The development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies creates the potential for changing the method by which the forensic science community genotypes short tandem repeat (STR) loci. While the capabilities of NGS are promising, moving from current capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods would require new guidelines to be established and a new understanding of artifacts that may arise with the use of NGS. Stutter has been well characterized for CE technologies; however, NGS workflows may use different polymerases and amplification approaches, which could alter the appearance of this artifact. Stutter is most commonly seen in the n-4 position in CE data, but may be observed more rarely in the n+4 and n-8 positions. NGS data frequently contains detectable sequences consistent with stutter at the n+4 and n-8 positions, and may even contain stutter at the n-12 position for some loci. It is possible that these alternate types of stutter events occur at similar levels in CE workflows and go undetected due to the analytical threshold employed or because the artifacts do not exceed the background noise. Comparing stutter events in NGS data to what has been observed by CE will improve our understanding of the effects of library preparation and sequencing. Characterizing stutter events by sequence will contribute to the development of guidelines and facilitate implementation of NGS technology. Further, determining stutter ratios for each isoallele would allow for individual sequence thresholds to be set, which could then be used to improve mixture interpretation models. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Aponte, Rachel A.] George Washington Univ, Dept Forens Sci, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Gettings, Katherine B.; Duewer, David L.; Coble, Michael D.; Vallone, Peter M.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gettings, KB (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katherine.gettings@nist.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1875-1768 EI 1875-175X J9 FORENSIC SCI INT GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 BP E456 EP E458 DI 10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.09.181 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA DE7JE UT WOS:000370811200182 ER PT J AU Gettings, KB Aponte, RA Kiesler, KM Vallone, PM AF Gettings, Katherine Butler Aponte, Rachel A. Kiesler, Kevin M. Vallone, Peter M. TI The next dimension in STR sequencing: Polymorphisms in flanking regions and their allelic associations SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE STR loci; SNP; Next generation sequencing AB Sequence data was analyzed from the flanking and repeat regions of 22 autosomal STR loci in 183 population samples. The flanking regions of the loci sequenced in this data set can be divided into six categories, based on the types of polymorphisms they contain: (1) multiple polymorphisms in haplotype, (2) "old" single polymorphisms, (3) population or allele specific polymorphisms, (4) polymorphisms associated with sequence variants, (5) rare polymorphisms, and (6) no polymorphisms. These results provide an indication of which loci are expected to gain in areas such as allelic diversity and ancestry information by including flanking regions in STR sequence analysis. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Gettings, Katherine Butler; Kiesler, Kevin M.; Vallone, Peter M.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aponte, Rachel A.] George Washington Univ, Dept Forens Sci, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Gettings, KB (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katherine.gettings@nist.gov OI Kiesler, Kevin/0000-0001-7995-6328 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1875-1768 EI 1875-175X J9 FORENSIC SCI INT GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 BP E121 EP E123 DI 10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.09.049 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA DE7JE UT WOS:000370811200050 ER PT J AU Kiesler, KM Gettings, KB Vallone, PM AF Kiesler, Kevin M. Gettings, Katherine B. Vallone, Peter M. TI A Strategy for Characterization of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in a Reference Material SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE Single nucleotide polymorphism; Next generation sequencing; Concordance ID VALIDATION AB The advent and adoption of next generation sequencing (NGS) is enabling analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at an unprecedented scale, limited primarily by multiplexing during the PCR amplification based enrichment step used for forensic applications. Since only a single nucleotide is assayed, PCR primers may be designed to generate small amplicons, making SNP markers well-suited to forensic DNA typing. Carefully selected panels of SNP markers have been previously established for forensic applications such as one-to-one matching, estimating biogeographical ancestry, and predicting externally visible phenotype [1-6]. To support the implementation of SNPs in forensic DNA analysis, NIST has examined the HID-Ion AmpliSeq Identity Panel and the HID-Ion AmpliSeq Ancestry Panel for the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM). In total, over 289 SNP markers have been typed. NIST intends to use a strategy combining NGS on orthogonal platforms and Sanger sequencing for characterizing the SNP markers for varying levels of confidence. The outcome will be to report only the SNP allele calls, analogous to the mitochondrial sequence variants in NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2392, and not the subsequent application of the information (e.g. prediction of ancestry or phenotype). Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Kiesler, Kevin M.; Gettings, Katherine B.; Vallone, Peter M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kiesler, KM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kevin.kiesler@nist.gov OI Kiesler, Kevin/0000-0001-7995-6328 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1875-1768 EI 1875-175X J9 FORENSIC SCI INT GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 BP E363 EP E364 DI 10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.09.144 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA DE7JE UT WOS:000370811200145 ER PT J AU Romsos, EL Lembirick, S Vallone, PM AF Romsos, Erica L. Lembirick, Sanae Vallone, Peter M. TI Rapid DNA maturity assessment SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE Rapid DNA; Integrated device; Rapid PCR ID DEVELOPMENTAL VALIDATION; SAMPLES; SYSTEM; ASSAY; KIT AB Two fully integrated rapid DNA platforms were tested as a part of a rapid DNA maturity assessment in the fall of 2014. The assessment was conducted with sets of blinded single-source reference samples to gauge the typing success of the current rapid DNA typing technology. Samples were provided to participants for testing on the individual rapid platforms, and data was returned to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for review and analysis. Both automated and manual review of the data sets were conducted to assess the success of genotyping the CODIS 13 core STR loci. Genotype results from the multiple platforms, participating laboratories, and STR typing chemistry was combined into a single analysis. The current assessment of the maturity of rapid DNA technology was focused on genotyping success, peak height ratios, and stutter artifacts across two platforms and multiple STR kit chemistries. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Romsos, Erica L.; Vallone, Peter M.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lembirick, Sanae] Montgomery Coll, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Romsos, EL (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erica.romsos@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1875-1768 EI 1875-175X J9 FORENSIC SCI INT GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 BP E1 EP E2 DI 10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.09.001 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA DE7JE UT WOS:000370811200002 ER PT J AU Steffen, CR Kline, MC Duewer, DL Vallone, PM AF Steffen, Carolyn R. Kline, Margaret C. Duewer, David L. Vallone, Peter M. TI Establishing traceability to NIST SRM 2391c: PCR-Based DNA Profiling Standard SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE DNA sequencing; Standard reference material; Short tandem repeat; DNA typing; Sanger sequencing; Traceable material AB The NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2391c: PCR-Based DNA Profiling Standard was updated in April 2015 to contain new information relevant to the forensic community. Previously, there were certified genotypes for 24 autosomal STR markers plus Amelogenin and 17 Y-STR markers. Due to the increase in markers present in larger commercial autosomal STR and Y-STR multiplex kits recently released, there is a need to add certified types for these new markers for each component of SRM 2391c (Components A-F). The updated Certificate of Analysis has certified values for 1 additional autosomal STR marker (D6S1043) and 12 additional Y-STR markers (29 total). Also, the number of STR multiplex assays tested increased from 24 to 43. Sanger sequencing was performed on Components A-C, E and F (Component D is a mixture of Components A and C) for all the certified markers to determine the STR repeat motifs and to characterize adjacent flanking regions and underlying polymorphisms (sequence, insertion-deletion, variation in complex motifs) typically not detected by fragment-based typing. SRM 2391c Components A-F can be used to establish traceability in a laboratory based on the updated certified and reference genotypes/haplotypes (information values cannot be used for NIST traceable materials). The simple steps to achieve NIST traceability with SRM 2391c will be explained. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Steffen, Carolyn R.; Kline, Margaret C.; Duewer, David L.; Vallone, Peter M.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Steffen, CR (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM becky.steffen@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1875-1768 EI 1875-175X J9 FORENSIC SCI INT GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 BP E112 EP E113 DI 10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.09.045 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA DE7JE UT WOS:000370811200046 ER PT J AU Heckscher, CM Lloyd, JE AF Heckscher, Christopher M. Lloyd, James E. TI An Isolated Occurrence of Pyractomena ecostata (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in the Mid-Atlantic with New Records from New Jersey and Delaware SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS AB Pyractomena ecostata is an uncommon firefly primarily associated with brackish tidal marshes of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of Florida. A geographically isolated occurrence is known from coastal southern New Jersey. Herein, we report 2 unpublished locality records from Kent County, DE, that expands the range of the Mid-Atlantic population into the Delaware Bay Estuary. We also report a previously unpublished modern-day record from Cape May County, NJ, perhaps the first New Jersey specimen secured since 1898. These data bring the total known number of Mid-Atlantic collection sites to 6. Although the species is very rare in the Mid-Atlantic, the disjunct population remains extant and therefore should be considered a significant inventory and conservation target due to impending sea-level rise and the spread of the invasive Phragmites australis (Common Reed). C1 [Heckscher, Christopher M.] Delaware State Univ, NOAA, Environm Cooperat Sci Ctr, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, 1200 N DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Lloyd, James E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Heckscher, CM (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, NOAA, Environm Cooperat Sci Ctr, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, 1200 N DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM checkscher@desu.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 4 BP N35 EP N38 DI 10.1656/045.022.0418 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8PP UT WOS:000370899000018 ER PT J AU Chen, WW Tong, D Zhang, SC Dan, M Zhang, XL Zhao, HM AF Chen, Weiwei Tong, Daniel Zhang, Shichun Dan, Mo Zhang, Xuelei Zhao, Hongmei TI Temporal variability of atmospheric particulate matter and chemical composition during a growing season at an agricultural site in northeastern China SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PM10; PM2.5; Emission factor; Agricultural inventory; Tillage; Harvest; Burning ID PM2.5; EMISSIONS; DYNAMICS; AEROSOLS; BIOMASS; AIR; OPERATIONS; TILLAGE; CARBON; PERIOD AB This study presents the observations of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations at an agricultural site from April to October 2012 in Dehui city, China. Ambient air was sampled by filter-based samplers and online PM monitors. The filter samples were analyzed to determine the abundance of ionic/inorganic elements, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). The daily PM10 concentrations varied significantly over the monitoring period, with an average of 168 +/- 63 (in the range of 52-277) mu g/m(3) during the land preparation/planting period (26 April-15 June), 85 +/- 65 (36-228) mu g/m(3) during the growing season (16 June-25 September), and 207 +/- 88 (103-310) mu g/m(3) during the harvest period (26 September-31 October). PM2.5 accounted for 44%, 56% and 66% of atmospheric PM10 during these periods, respectively. The PM10 diurnal variation showed a distinct peak from 16: 00 to 21: 00 (LST) during the growing and harvesting seasons, while a gradual increase throughout the daytime until 17: 00 was observed during tilling season. Mineral dust elements (Al, Ca, Fe, and Mg) dominated the PM10 chemical composition during the tilling season; OC, NO3-, SO42- and NH4+ during the growing season; and carbonaceous species (i. e., OC and EC) during the harvesting season. Our results indicate that the soil particles emitted by farm tillage and organic matter released from straw burning are the two most significant sources of PM10 emissions contributing to the recurring high pollution events in this region. Therefore, development of agricultural PM inventories from soil tillage and straw burning is prioritized to support air quality modeling. (C) 2015 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chen, Weiwei; Zhang, Shichun; Zhang, Xuelei; Zhao, Hongmei] Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Tong, Daniel] NOAA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Dan, Mo] Beijing Municipal Inst Labor Protect, Beijing 100054, Peoples R China. RP Chen, WW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM chenweiwei@iga.ac.cn RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41205106, 41275158] FX This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41205106, 41275158). We would also like to thank the staff at the sampling sites for their support in the field experiments and for providing agricultural information. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 27 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-0742 EI 1878-7320 J9 J ENVIRON SCI-CHINA JI J. Environ. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 38 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.jes.2015.05.023 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE3RN UT WOS:000370547800016 PM 26702977 ER PT J AU Molina, LT Gallardo, L Andrade, M Baumgardner, D Borbor-Cordova, M Borquez, R Casassa, G Cereceda-Balic, F Dawidowski, L Garreaud, R Huneeus, N Lambert, F McCarty, JL Mc Phee, J Mena-Carrasco, M Raga, GB Schmitt, C Schwarz, JP AF Molina, Luisa T. Gallardo, Laura Andrade, M. Baumgardner, D. Borbor-Cordova, M. Borquez, R. Casassa, G. Cereceda-Balic, F. Dawidowski, L. Garreaud, R. Huneeus, N. Lambert, F. McCarty, J. L. Mc Phee, J. Mena-Carrasco, M. Raga, G. B. Schmitt, C. Schwarz, J. P. TI Pollution and its Impacts on the South American Cryosphere SO EARTHS FUTURE LA English DT Review ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; BLACK CARBON CONCENTRATION; TERM CLIMATE-CHANGE; PULSED CAVITY RING; SEA-LEVEL RISE; AIR-QUALITY; CENTRAL CHILE; SAO-PAULO; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; LIGHT-ABSORPTION AB This article is a review of the science goals and activities initiated within the framework of the Pollution and its Impacts on the South American Cryosphere (PISAC) initiative. Air pollution associated with biomass burning and urban emissions affects extensive areas of South America. We focus on black carbon (BC) aerosol and its impacts on air quality, water availability, and climate, with an emphasis on the Andean cryosphere. BC is one of the key short-lived climate pollutants that is a topic of growing interest for near-term mitigation of these issues. Limited scientific evidence indicates that the Andean cryosphere has already responded to climate change with receding glaciers and snow cover, which directly affect water resources, agriculture, and energy production in the Andean region of South America. Despite the paucity of systematic observations along the Andes, a few studies have detected BC on snow and glaciers in the Andes. These, in addition to existing and projected emissions and weather patterns, suggest a possible contribution of BC to the observed retreat of the Andean cryosphere. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of these issues from scientific and policy perspectives, and propose strategic expansions to the relevant measurement infrastructure in the region. C1 [Molina, Luisa T.] Molina Ctr Energy & Environm, La Jolla, CA USA. [Gallardo, Laura; Borquez, R.; Garreaud, R.; Huneeus, N.; Lambert, F.] Univ Chile, Ctr Climate & Resilience Res CR2, Santiago, Chile. [Gallardo, Laura; Garreaud, R.; Huneeus, N.] Univ Chile, Dept Geofis, Santiago, Chile. [Andrade, M.] Univ Mayor San Andres Campus Univ, Inst Invest Fis, Lab Fis Atmosfera, La Paz, Bolivia. [Baumgardner, D.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Borbor-Cordova, M.] Escuela Super Politecn Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador. [Casassa, G.] Geoestudios, San Jose De Maipo, Chile. [Casassa, G.] Univ Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile. [Cereceda-Balic, F.] Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Ctr Environm Technol, Dept Chem, Valparaiso, Chile. [Dawidowski, L.] Comis Nacl Energia Atom Gerencia Quim, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Lambert, F.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Geog, Santiago, Chile. [McCarty, J. L.] Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Mc Phee, J.] Univ Chile, Fac Phys & Math Sci, Dept Civil Engn, Santiago, Chile. [Mc Phee, J.] Univ Chile, Adv Min Technol Ctr, Santiago, Chile. [Mena-Carrasco, M.] Chilean Minist Environm, Santiago, Chile. [Raga, G. B.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Schmitt, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Schwarz, J. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gallardo, L (reprint author), Univ Chile, Ctr Climate & Resilience Res CR2, Santiago, Chile. EM laura@dgf.uchile.cl RI McPhee, James/F-3402-2011; Garreaud, Rene/I-6298-2016; Huneeus, Nicolas/J-4994-2016; Lambert, Fabrice/M-2003-2014; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/L-9730-2016; Raga, Graciela/A-4340-2008; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Gallardo, Laura/H-4370-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI McPhee, James/0000-0002-7547-0926; Huneeus, Nicolas/0000-0002-6214-5518; Schmitt, Carl/0000-0003-3829-6970; Lambert, Fabrice/0000-0002-2192-024X; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Gallardo, Laura/0000-0001-7605-3721; FU international Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (iCACGP); FONDECYT [1151427, 1150873]; Molina Center for Strategic Studies in Energy and the Environment; Center for Climate and Resilience Research [FONDAP 15110009]; Universidad de Chile; Center for Sustainability; Universidad Andres Bello; Universidad de San Andres in La Paz, Bolivia FX Various writing meetings took place over the last 2 years. We acknowledge the support provided by the Molina Center for Strategic Studies in Energy and the Environment, the Center for Climate and Resilience Research (FONDAP 15110009) and Universidad de Chile, the Center for Sustainability, Universidad Andres Bello, and Universidad de San Andres in La Paz, Bolivia. Also, the sponsorship provided by the international Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (iCACGP). FL and NH acknowledge support from FONDECYT 1151427 and 1150873 respectively. NR 214 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD DEC PY 2015 VL 3 IS 12 BP 345 EP 369 DI 10.1002/2015EF000311 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD5HI UT WOS:000369953400001 ER PT J AU Chapa-Balcorta, C Hernandez-Ayon, JM Durazo, R Beier, E Alin, SR Lopez-Perez, A AF Chapa-Balcorta, Cecilia Martin Hernandez-Ayon, J. Durazo, Reginaldo Beier, Emilio Alin, Simone R. Lopez-Perez, Andres TI Influence of post-Tehuano oceanographic processes in the dynamics of the CO2 system in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Eastern Tropical Pacific; ocean acidification; Tehuano gap winds; carbonate system; mesoscale structures; carbon fluxes ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; CARBON-DIOXIDE SYSTEM; OXYGEN MINIMUM ZONE; DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; MESOSCALE EDDIES; WATER MASSES; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; COASTAL CIRCULATION AB This investigation reports, for the first time, results of CO2 system variables in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, located in the Mexican tropical Pacific. We quantified the post-Tehuano concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pH (April 2013). These values were used to calculate pCO2, aragonite saturation ((Ar)), and air-sea CO2 fluxes (FCO2). The intense vertical stratification was found to contribute to the biogeochemical processes in surface waters (<70 m). However, in post-Tehuano conditions, high pCO2 (approximate to 1000 mu atm) and DIC concentrations (2200 mu mol kg(-1)), as well as low (Ar) (approximate to 1.1) and pH (approximate to 7.5), remain in surface waters for a few days after Tehuano winds have weakened. We identified four oceanographic areas: (a) a highly mixed region due to previous Tehuano events; (b) coastal upwelling in the western region; (c) mesoscale eddies; (d) a poleward surface coastal current. The first three promoted the influence of Subtropical Subsurface Water in the chemistry of surface waters, whereas the coastal current contributed to the horizontal advection of DIC. The calculated CO2 fluxes ranged from -2.3 mmol m(-2) d(-1) in areas with stratified waters to over 25 mmol m(-2) d(-1) for mixed areas. Positive values indicate an ocean-to-atmosphere flux. Our findings suggest that the Gulf of Tehuantepec is a major source of CO2 into the atmosphere. C1 [Chapa-Balcorta, Cecilia; Durazo, Reginaldo] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Chapa-Balcorta, Cecilia; Martin Hernandez-Ayon, J.] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Chapa-Balcorta, Cecilia] Univ del Mar, Puerto Angel Oaxaca, Mexico. [Durazo, Reginaldo] Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Inst Politecn Nacl, La Paz, Mexico. [Beier, Emilio] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Unidad La Paz, La Paz, Mexico. [Alin, Simone R.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lopez-Perez, Andres] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Dept Hidrobiol, Unidad Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, Mexico. RP Hernandez-Ayon, JM (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. EM jmartin@uabc.edu.mx OI Lopez-Perez, Andres/0000-0003-1246-7401 FU Center National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT) [266585]; CONACyT [SEP-2011rucerosxica]; [UMAR-2IR0906] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which improved the manuscript. The AVHRR Oceans Pathfinder project of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center provided satellite wind data. The data of anomaly in the sea level are produced by Segment Sun Altimetrie et Orbitographie/Developing Use of Altimetry for Climate Studies (Ssalto/Duacs) and distributed by Archiving Validation and interpretation of satellite Oceanographic Data (Warning), with the support of the Center National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). The National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT) provided financial support for the first author (grant 266585). Part of the sampling materials was funded by project UMAR-2IR0906 "System of carbonates in the Gulf of Tehuantepec.'' The participation of E. B. is part of the Project "A study of the Mexican Coastal Current and the adjacent Pacific, with a SeaGlider, oceanographic cruises and satellite data'' supported by CONACyT (SEP-2011rucerosxica). We are grateful to the Secretaria de Marina and its Salina Cruz Oceanographic Research Station for access to cruise ships and CTD data; in particular, to captain Jose Paul Murad Serrano, captain CG DEM Jose Luis Eguileta Arias, and the RV Altair crew. Maria Elena Sanchez Salazar translated the manuscript into English and also assisted in the editorial review. This is PMEL contribution #4382. To access the data used write to jmartin@uabc.edu.mx. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 7752 EP 7770 DI 10.1002/2015JC011249 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DC3XO UT WOS:000369153200003 ER PT J AU Chafik, L Nilsson, J Skagseth, O Lundberg, P AF Chafik, L. Nilsson, J. Skagseth, O. Lundberg, P. TI On the flow of Atlantic water and temperature anomalies in the Nordic Seas toward the Arctic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE poleward transport; warm anomalies; Nordic Seas; Arctic Ocean; Barents Sea; sea-ice ID NORTHERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; NORWEGIAN SEA; LOFOTEN BASIN; SLOPE CURRENT; SURFACE CIRCULATION; SHELF WAVES; VARIABILITY; INFLOW; GENERATION; DRIFTERS AB The climatic conditions over the Arctic Ocean are strongly influenced by the inflow of warm Atlantic water conveyed by the Norwegian Atlantic Slope Current (NwASC). Based on sea surface height (SSH) data from altimetry, we develop a simple dynamical measure of the NwASC transport to diagnose its spatio-temporal variability. This supports a dynamical division of the NwASC into two flow regimes; the SvinOy Branch (SvB) in the southern Norwegian Sea, and the Fram Strait Branch (FSB) west of Spitsbergen. The SvB transport is well correlated with the SSH and atmospheric variability within the Nordic Seas, factors that also affect the inflow to the Barents Sea. In contrast, the FSB is influenced by regional atmospheric conditions around Svalbard and northern Barents Sea. Using a composite analysis, we further relate anomalous strong SvB flow events to temperature fluctuations along the core of Atlantic water. A warm composite anomaly is found to propagate northward, with a tendency to amplify enroute, after these events. A roughly 12 months delayed temperature signal is identified in the FSB. However, also in the Lofoten Basin interior a delayed temperature signal is found, which appears to originate from the NwASC. This study suggests that hydrographic anomalies both upstream from the North Atlantic, and locally generated in the Norwegian Sea, are important for the oceanic heat and salt transport that eventually enters into the Arctic. C1 [Chafik, L.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Chafik, L.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nilsson, J.; Lundberg, P.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Skagseth, O.] Inst Marine Res, Bergen, Norway. [Skagseth, O.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. RP Chafik, L (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. EM leon.chafik@noaa.gov OI Nilsson, Johan/0000-0002-9591-124X FU NOAA Jason altimetry program; Swedish Space Science Board (SNSB); NFR FX The work herein is supported by a grant from the NOAA Jason altimetry program. Johan Nilsson acknowledges support from the Swedish Space Science Board (SNSB). The current-meter data were obtained during the IPY 2007 through the NFR-funded project iAOOSNorway. Thanks to two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments that improved the paper. The authors thank Kjell Arild Orvik for generously providing the long-term transport from the Svin{\o}y section. Laurence Miller is greatly acknowledged for the constructive comments that improved the manuscript. The satellite-altimetry data set, denoted SSALTO/DUACS (multimission ground Segment for ALTimetry, Orbitography and precise localisation/Developing Use of Altimetry for Climate Studies), was obtained courtesy of the French archive AVISO (Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic Data, http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com). NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 7897 EP 7918 DI 10.1002/2015JC011012 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DC3XO UT WOS:000369153200011 ER PT J AU Trossman, DS Waterman, S Polzin, KL Arbic, BK Garner, ST Naveira-Garabato, AC Sheen, KL AF Trossman, D. S. Waterman, S. Polzin, K. L. Arbic, B. K. Garner, S. T. Naveira-Garabato, A. C. Sheen, K. L. TI Internal lee wave closures: Parameter sensitivity and comparison to observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE mixing; dissipation; finestructure; internal waves; topographic interactions; microstructure ID GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL; ROUGH TOPOGRAPHY; DEEP-OCEAN; DRAG PARAMETERIZATION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; DISSIPATION; GENERATION; MOMENTUM; TIDES; PARAMETRIZATION AB This paper examines two internal lee wave closures that have been used together with ocean models to predict the time-averaged global energy conversion rate into lee waves and dissipation rate associated with lee waves and topographic blocking: the Garner (2005) scheme and the Bell (1975) theory. The closure predictions in two Southern Ocean regions where geostrophic flows dominate over tides are examined and compared to microstructure profiler observations of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, where the latter are assumed to reflect the dissipation associated with topographic blocking and generated lee wave energy. It is shown that when applied to these Southern Ocean regions, the two closures differ most in their treatment of topographic blocking. For several reasons, pointwise validation of the closures is not possible using existing observations, but horizontally averaged comparisons between closure predictions and observations are made. When anisotropy of the underlying topography is accounted for, the two horizontally averaged closure predictions near the seafloor are approximately equal. The dissipation associated with topographic blocking is predicted by the Garner (2005) scheme to account for the majority of the depth-integrated dissipation over the bottom 1000 m of the water column, where the horizontally averaged predictions lie well within the spatial variability of the horizontally averaged observations. Simplifications made by the Garner (2005) scheme that are inappropriate for the oceanic context, together with imperfect observational information, can partially account for the prediction-observation disagreement, particularly in the upper water column. C1 [Trossman, D. S.] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Trossman, D. S.; Arbic, B. K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Waterman, S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Waterman, S.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Waterman, S.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Polzin, K. L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Garner, S. T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Naveira-Garabato, A. C.; Sheen, K. L.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Dept Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton, Hants, England. [Sheen, K. L.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Trossman, DS (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. EM david.s.trossman@nasa.gov OI Arbic, Brian K/0000-0002-7969-2294 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0960820]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-11-1-0487]; Australian Research Council [DE120102927, CE110001028]; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada [22R23085] FX The authors would like to thank Michael Messina for his computer support and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. D. S. Trossman and B. K. Arbic gratefully acknowledge support from National Science Foundation (NSF) grant OCE-0960820 and Office of Naval Research (ONR) grant N00014-11-1-0487. S. Waterman gratefully acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council (grants DE120102927 and CE110001028) and the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant 22R23085). The SOFine and DIMES data analyzed in this paper can be obtained through the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) by navigating the following links, respectively: http://archive.noc.ac.uk/SOFINE/and http://dimes.ucsd.edu/en/data/. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 7997 EP 8019 DI 10.1002/2015JC010892 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DC3XO UT WOS:000369153200016 ER PT J AU Anderson, EJ Bechle, AJ Wu, CH Schwab, DJ Mann, GE Lombardy, KA AF Anderson, Eric J. Bechle, Adam J. Wu, Chin H. Schwab, David J. Mann, Greg E. Lombardy, Kirk A. TI Reconstruction of a meteotsunami in Lake Erie on 27 May 2012: Roles of atmospheric conditions on hydrodynamic response in enclosed basins SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE meteotsunami; Great Lakes; Lake Erie; seiche; enclosed basin; edge waves ID SURFACE-WATER TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-LAKES; METEOROLOGICAL TSUNAMIS; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; DOPPLER RADAR; SEA-SURFACE; COAST; OCEAN; WSR-88D AB On 27 May 2012, atmospheric conditions gave rise to two convective systems that generated a series of waves in the meteotsunami band on Lake Erie. The resulting waves swept three swimmers a 0.5 mi offshore, inundated a marina, and may have led to a capsized boat along the southern shoreline. Analysis of radial velocities from a nearby radar tower in combination with coastal meteorological observation indicates that the convective systems produced a series of outflow bands that were the likely atmospheric cause of the meteotsunami. In order to explain the processes that led to meteotsunami generation, we model the hydrodynamic response to three meteorological forcing scenarios: (i) the reconstructed atmospheric disturbance from radar analysis, (ii) simulated conditions from a high-resolution weather model, and (iii) interpolated meteorological conditions from the NOAA Great Lakes Coastal Forecasting System. The results reveal that the convective systems generated a series of waves incident to the southern shore of the lake that reflected toward the northern shoreline and reflected again to the southern shore, resulting in spatial wave focusing and edge wave formation that combined to impact recreational users near Cleveland, OH. This study illustrates the effects of meteotsunami development in an enclosed basin, including wave reflection, focusing, and edge wave formation as well as temporal lags between the causative atmospheric conditions and arrival of dangerous wave conditions. As a result, the ability to detect these extreme storms and predict the hydrodynamic response is crucial to reducing risk and building resilient coastal communities. C1 [Anderson, Eric J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Bechle, Adam J.; Wu, Chin H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schwab, David J.] Univ Michigan, Water Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mann, Greg E.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Weather Forecast Off, White Lake, MI USA. [Lombardy, Kirk A.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Weather Forecast Off, Cleveland, MI USA. RP Anderson, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM eric.j.anderson@noaa.gov RI Wu, Chin/C-2042-2009; OI Wu, Chin/0000-0001-8393-1940; Anderson, Eric/0000-0001-5342-8383 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Storms Program (CSP); Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research (CILER) Longterm Great Lakes Fellowship FX This work was partially supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Storms Program (CSP) and the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research (CILER) Longterm Great Lakes Fellowship. Observational data used in this manuscript are freely available at http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov and http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov. The atmospheric model (WRF) and hydrodynamic model (FVCOM) are publicly distributed, and any additional data may be obtained by from E. J. A. (e-mail: eric.j.anderson@noaa.gov). This is GLERL contribution number 1789. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 8020 EP 8038 DI 10.1002/2015JC010883 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DC3XO UT WOS:000369153200017 ER PT J AU McGranaghan, R Knipp, DJ Matsuo, T Godinez, H Redmon, RJ Solomon, SC Morley, SK AF McGranaghan, Ryan Knipp, Delores J. Matsuo, Tomoko Godinez, Humberto Redmon, Robert J. Solomon, Stanley C. Morley, Steven K. TI Modes of high-latitude auroral conductance variability derived from DMSP energetic electron precipitation observations: Empirical orthogonal function analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; IONOSPHERIC ELECTRODYNAMICS; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; IONIZATION RATES; CURRENT SYSTEMS; DOMINANT-MODES; E-REGION; CONDUCTIVITY; SECTOR; FLUX AB We provide the first ever characterization of the primary modes of ionospheric Hall and Pedersen conductance variability as empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). These are derived from six satellite years of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) particle data acquired during the rise of solar cycles 22 and 24. The 60 million DMSP spectra were each processed through the Global Airlglow Model. Ours is the first large-scale analysis of ionospheric conductances completely free of assumption of the incident electron energy spectra. We show that the mean patterns and first four EOFs capture similar to 50.1 and 52.9% of the total Pedersen and Hall conductance variabilities, respectively. The mean patterns and first EOFs are consistent with typical diffuse auroral oval structures and quiet time strengthening/weakening of the mean pattern. The second and third EOFs show major disturbance features of magnetosphere-ionosphere (MI) interactions: geomagnetically induced auroral zone expansion in EOF2 and the auroral substorm current wedge in EOF3. The fourth EOFs suggest diminished conductance associated with ionospheric substorm recovery mode. We identify the most important modes of ionospheric conductance variability. Our results will allow improved modeling of the background error covariance needed for ionospheric assimilative procedures and improved understanding of MI coupling processes. C1 [McGranaghan, Ryan; Knipp, Delores J.] Univ Colorado, Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knipp, Delores J.; Solomon, Stanley C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Godinez, Humberto] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Math & Plasma Phys T 5, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Redmon, Robert J.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Morley, Steven K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat ISR 1, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP McGranaghan, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ryan.mcgranaghan@colorado.edu RI Solomon, Stanley/J-4847-2012; Morley, Steven/A-8321-2008 OI Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034; Morley, Steven/0000-0001-8520-0199 FU NSF [DGE 1144083, AGS 1025089, AGS 1144154, PLR 1443703]; NASA [NNX13AD64G, NNX14AI17G]; Vela Fellowship at the Los Alamos National Labs Space Weather Summer School; National Center for Atmospheric Research - National Science Foundation; [AFSORFA9550-12-1-0264] FX R.M.G. was partially supported by NSF Fellowship award DGE 1144083, NSF grant AGS 1025089, NASA grant NNX13AD64G, and the Vela Fellowship at the Los Alamos National Labs Space Weather Summer School. D.J.K. was partially supported by NSF grants AGS 1025089 and AGS 1144154, AFSORFA9550-12-1-0264, and NASA grant NNX13AD64G. T.M. was in part supported by NSF grants AGS 1025089 and PLR 1443703 and the NASA award NNX14AI17G. S.C.S. was supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC's Space Physics Data Facility's OMNIWeb service and NASA CDAWeb which provided the solar wind and DMSP 2010 data. The DMSP 1987 data can be accessed from http://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov/dmsp/data/. The GLOW model code is archived on the NCAR High Performance Storage System and is available on request from Stanley C. Solomon, stans@ucar.edu. NCAR is sponsored by the NSF. The equal-area binning used in Figure 3 is performed via a routine developed by Astrid Maute at the National Center for Atmospheric Research High Altitude Observatory. We are grateful to Liam Kilcommons, Barbara Emery, and Ernie Holeman. We gratefully acknowledge the SuperMAG initiative and the SuperMAG collaborators for the index and substorm data used herein. NR 96 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 11013 EP 11031 DI 10.1002/2015JA021828 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DC4GZ UT WOS:000369180200058 ER PT J AU Ling, TJ Xu, M Liang, XZ Wang, JLXL Noh, Y AF Ling, Tiejun Xu, Min Liang, Xin-Zhong Wang, Julian X. L. Noh, Yign TI A multilevel ocean mixed layer model resolving the diurnal cycle: Development and validation SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ocean mixed layer model; sea surface temperature; diurnal cycle ID PACIFIC WARM POOL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERE RESPONSE EXPERIMENT; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; TOGA-COARE; SOLAR-RADIATION; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; COOL SKIN AB The representation of transient air-sea interactions is critical to the prediction of the sea surface temperature diurnal cycle and daily variability. This study develops a multilevel upper ocean model to more realistically resolve these interactions. The model is based on the one-dimensional turbulence kinetic energy closure developed by Noh et al. [2011], and incorporates new numerical techniques and improved schemes for model physics. The primary improvements include: (1) a surface momentum flux penetration scheme to better depict velocity shear in the diurnal mixed layer; (2) a solar penetration scheme to improve the penetration of visible and near-infrared bands of solar radiation into the mixed layer ocean; (3) a scheme to resolve the cool-skin and warm-layer effects on sea skin temperature; (4) a vertical grid stretch scheme to achieve higher near-surface resolution with fewer vertical levels; (5) a trapezoidal time integration scheme for flexible time steps; (6) a relaxation term of the previous daily mean difference between observed and modeled sea surface temperature. According to the numerical experiments based on the TOGA-COARE IMET mooring buoy data and the validation by observations from the National Data Buoy Center, NOAA, the results indicate that the new upper ocean mixed layer model improves the simulation of the diurnal cycle of SST and sea skin temperature, especially in amplitude. C1 [Ling, Tiejun] Natl Marine Environm Forecasting Ctr, Key Lab Res Marine Hazards Forecasting, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Xu, Min; Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Julian X. L.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Noh, Yign] Yonsei Univ, Global Environm Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM xliang@umd.edu FU NOAA Education Partnership Program COM Howard [00073421000037534]; National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program in China [2012BAC19B08]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41376016]; Special Fund for Marine Research in the Public Interest [201205018-2] FX The observed data of this study are available from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (http://www.whoi.edu/) and National Data Buoy Center (http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov). This work was jointly supported by the NOAA Education Partnership Program COM Howard 00073421000037534, National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program (the 12th Five-Year Plan) under grant 2012BAC19B08 in China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 41376016, and Special Fund for Marine Research in the Public Interest 201205018-2. And we acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1680 EP 1692 DI 10.1002/2015MS000476 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB8AW UT WOS:000368739800010 ER PT J AU Zhou, WY AF Zhou, Wenyu TI The impact of vertical shear on the sensitivity of tropical cyclogenesis to environmental rotation and thermodynamic state SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclogenesis; vertical wind shear; cloud-resolving simulations ID RADIATIVE-CONVECTIVE EQUILIBRIUM; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; WIND SHEAR; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; CYCLONE INTENSITY; MIDLEVEL; MODEL; AIR; PREDICTABILITY; EVOLUTION AB The impact of vertical wind shear on the sensitivity of tropical cyclogenesis to environmental rotation and thermodynamic state is investigated through idealized cloud-resolving simulations of the intensification of an incipient vortex. With vertical shear, tropical cyclones intensify faster with a higher Coriolis parameter, f, irrespective of the environmental thermodynamic state. The vertical shear develops a vertically tilted vortex, which undergoes a precession process with the midlevel vortices rotating cyclonically around the surface center. With a higher f, the midlevel vortices are able to rotate continuously against the vertical shear, leading to the realignment of the tilted vortex and rapid intensification. With a lower f, the rotation is too slow such that the midlevel vortices are advected away from the surface center and the intensification is suppressed. The parameter, (b), measuring the effect from the low-entropy downdraft air on the boundary layer entropy, is found to be a good indicator of the environmental thermodynamic favorability for tropical cyclogenesis in vertical shear. Without vertical shear, tropical cyclones are found to intensify faster with a lower f by previous studies. We show this dependency on f is sensitive to the environmental thermodynamic state. The thermodynamical favorability for convection can be measured by (m), which estimates the time it takes for surface fluxes to moisten the midtroposphere. A smaller (m) not only leads to a faster intensification due to a shorter period for moist preconditioning of the inner region but also neutralizes the faster intensification with a lower f due to enhanced peripheral convection. C1 [Zhou, Wenyu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Zhou, WY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM wenyuz@princeton.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006841] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under award DE-SC0006841. The author thanks Isaac Held and Thomas Knutson for helpful discussions. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1872 EP 1884 DI 10.1002/2015MS000543 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB8AW UT WOS:000368739800019 ER PT J AU Seifert, A Heus, T Pincus, R Stevens, B AF Seifert, Axel Heus, Thijs Pincus, Robert Stevens, Bjorn TI Large-eddy simulation of the transient and near-equilibrium behavior of precipitating shallow convection SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE large-eddy simulation; cloud-radiative effects; shallow convection; aerosol indirect effects ID TRADE-WIND CUMULUS; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AEROSOL; MICROPHYSICS; ALBEDO; ENSEMBLE; TRACKING; OCEAN AB Large-eddy simulation is used to study the sensitivity of trade wind cumulus clouds to perturbations in cloud droplet number concentrations. We find that the trade wind cumulus system approaches a radiative-convective equilibrium state, modified by net warming and drying from imposed large-scale advective forcing. The system requires several days to reach equilibrium when cooling rates are specified but much less time, and with less sensitivity to cloud droplet number density, when radiation depends realistically on the vertical distribution of water vapor. The transient behavior and the properties of the near-equilibrium cloud field depend on the microphysical state and therefore on the cloud droplet number density, here taken as a proxy for the ambient aerosol. The primary response of the cloud field to changes in the cloud droplet number density is deepening of the cloud layer. This deepening leads to a decrease in relative humidity and a faster evaporation of small clouds and cloud remnants constituting a negative lifetime effect. In the near-equilibrium regime, the decrease in cloud cover compensates much of the Twomey effect, i.e., the brightening of the clouds, and the overall aerosol effect on the albedo of the organized precipitating cumulus cloud field is small. C1 [Seifert, Axel] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Hans Ertel Ctr Weather Res, Hamburg, Germany. [Heus, Thijs] Cleveland State Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pincus, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Stevens, Bjorn] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Seifert, A (reprint author), Deutsch Wetterdienst, Hans Ertel Ctr Weather Res, Hamburg, Germany. EM axel.seifert@dwd.de RI Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Seifert, Axel/B-3774-2010; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Heus, Thijs/E-7336-2012 OI Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Seifert, Axel/0000-0001-9760-3550; Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Heus, Thijs/0000-0003-2650-2423 FU BMVI (Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure); US National Science Foundation [AGS 1138394] FX This research was carried out as part of the Hans Ertel Centre for Weather Research. This research network of Universities, Research Institutes, and the Deutscher Wetterdienst is funded by the BMVI (Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure). We thank the computing center of ECWMF where all simulations were performed using resources provided through DWD. R.P. was supported by the US National Science Foundation (award AGS 1138394). Most of the research was carried out when the four authors were in residence at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, in Hamburg, Germany. The UCLA-LES model is distributed under GNU General Public License and can easily be downloaded from https://github.com/uclales/uclales. Model code and input files necessary to reproduce the specific experiments of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1918 EP 1937 DI 10.1002/2015MS000489 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB8AW UT WOS:000368739800022 ER PT J AU Galbraith, ED Dunne, JP Gnanadesikan, A Slater, RD Sarmiento, JL Dufour, CO de Souza, GF Bianchi, D Claret, M Rodgers, KB Marvasti, SS AF Galbraith, Eric D. Dunne, John P. Gnanadesikan, Anand Slater, Richard D. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Dufour, Carolina O. de Souza, Gregory F. Bianchi, Daniele Claret, Mariona Rodgers, Keith B. Marvasti, Seyedehsafoura Sedigh TI Complex functionality with minimal computation: Promise and pitfalls of reduced-tracer ocean biogeochemistry models SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biogeochemistry; modeling; nutrients; oxygen; carbon dioxide; climate ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CIRCULATION MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL OCEAN; ACIDIFICATION; 21ST-CENTURY; OXYGEN AB Earth System Models increasingly include ocean biogeochemistry models in order to predict changes in ocean carbon storage, hypoxia, and biological productivity under climate change. However, state-of-the-art ocean biogeochemical models include many advected tracers, that significantly increase the computational resources required, forcing a trade-off with spatial resolution. Here, we compare a state-of-the art model with 30 prognostic tracers (TOPAZ) with two reduced-tracer models, one with 6 tracers (BLING), and the other with 3 tracers (miniBLING). The reduced-tracer models employ parameterized, implicit biological functions, which nonetheless capture many of the most important processes resolved by TOPAZ. All three are embedded in the same coupled climate model. Despite the large difference in tracer number, the absence of tracers for living organic matter is shown to have a minimal impact on the transport of nutrient elements, and the three models produce similar mean annual preindustrial distributions of macronutrients, oxygen, and carbon. Significant differences do exist among the models, in particular the seasonal cycle of biomass and export production, but it does not appear that these are necessary consequences of the reduced tracer number. With increasing CO2, changes in dissolved oxygen and anthropogenic carbon uptake are very similar across the different models. Thus, while the reduced-tracer models do not explicitly resolve the diversity and internal dynamics of marine ecosystems, we demonstrate that such models are applicable to a broad suite of major biogeochemical concerns, including anthropogenic change. These results are very promising for the further development and application of reduced-tracer biogeochemical models that incorporate sub-ecosystem-scale parameterizations. C1 [Galbraith, Eric D.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Ambientals, Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Galbraith, Eric D.; Bianchi, Daniele; Claret, Mariona] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Gnanadesikan, Anand; Marvasti, Seyedehsafoura Sedigh] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Slater, Richard D.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Dufour, Carolina O.; de Souza, Gregory F.; Rodgers, Keith B.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Marvasti, Seyedehsafoura Sedigh] Islamic Azad Univ, Sci & Res Branch, Dept Marine Sci, Tehran, Iran. [Bianchi, Daniele] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Galbraith, ED (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Ambientals, Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. EM eric.d.galbraith@gmail.com RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX14AL40G]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006848]; NSF's Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) Project [PLR-1425989] FX Computational resources were provided to E.D.G by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and Compute Canada. C.O.D. was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Award NNX14AL40G. K.B.R. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-SC0006848. The ESM2M code is available from the Modular Ocean Model development lab, which can be accessed at http://www.mom-ocean.org. The model runscript can be obtained from E.D.G. The miniBLING code is provided as supporting information. We thank Charles Stock for providing thoughtful comments on the manuscript. This work was sponsored by NSF's Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) Project under the NSF Award PLR-1425989. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 7 IS 4 BP 2012 EP 2028 DI 10.1002/2015MS000463 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB8AW UT WOS:000368739800027 ER PT J AU Leibrandt, DR Heidecker, J AF Leibrandt, D. R. Heidecker, J. TI An open source digital servo for atomic, molecular, and optical physics experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; DIODE-LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; OPERATION; CAVITY; SYSTEM AB We describe a general purpose digital servo optimized for feedback control of lasers in atomic, molecular, and optical physics experiments. The servo is capable of feedback bandwidths up to roughly 1 MHz (limited by the 320 ns total latency); loop filter shapes up to fifth order; multiple-input, multiple-output control; and automatic lock acquisition. The configuration of the servo is controlled via a graphical user interface, which also provides a rudimentary software oscilloscope and tools for measurement of system transfer functions. We illustrate the functionality of the digital servo by describing its use in two example scenarios: frequency control of the laser used to probe the narrow clock transition of Al-27(+) in an optical atomic clock, and length control of a cavity used for resonant frequency doubling of a laser. C1 [Leibrandt, D. R.; Heidecker, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Leibrandt, DR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.leibrandt@nist.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Office of Naval Research (ONR); Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) FX We thank Till Rosenband and Rahul Mhaskar for useful discussions, and Robert Jordens and Chin-Wen Chou for careful reading of the manuscript. This paper as well as the hardware and software design of the digital servo are contributions of the U.S. Government, not subject to U.S. copyright. This work is supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Office of Naval Research (ONR), and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 86 IS 12 AR 123115 DI 10.1063/1.4938282 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DB6AG UT WOS:000368594900016 PM 26724014 ER PT J AU Staymates, ME Fletcher, R Verkouteren, M Staymates, JL Gillen, G AF Staymates, M. E. Fletcher, R. Verkouteren, M. Staymates, J. L. Gillen, G. TI The production of monodisperse explosive particles with piezo-electric inkjet printing technology SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL; FABRICATION; GENERATORS; STANDARDS AB We have developed a method to produce discrete microparticles from compounds dissolved in nonpolar or polar solvents using drop-on-demand inkjet printer technology. A piezoelectric inkjet printhead located atop a drying tube produces precise droplets containing defined quantities of analyte. Droplets solidify into microparticles with known composition and size as they traverse down the drying tube. Because this is a drop-on-demand printing process, a known number of droplets are produced providing quantitative particle delivery to a variety of substrates. Particular emphasis is placed on the development and characterization of the drying tube in this work. The drying tube was modeled using computational fluid dynamics and experimentally evaluated using laser-based flow visualization techniques. A notable design feature of the drying tube is the ability to push heated air through the tube rather than the need to pull air from the exit. This provides the ability to place a known number of well-defined particles onto almost any substrate of interest, rather than having to collect particles onto a filter first and then transfer them to another surface. Several types of particles have been produced by this system, examples of which are pure particles of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine ranging from 10 mu m to 30 mu m in diameter, and ammonium nitrate particles of 40 mu m diameter. The final particle size is directly related to the solute concentration of the printing solution and the size of the initial jetted droplet. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). C1 [Staymates, M. E.; Fletcher, R.; Verkouteren, M.; Staymates, J. L.; Gillen, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Staymates, ME (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.staymates@nist.gov OI Verkouteren, Robert/0000-0002-5155-9926 FU Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate sponsored the production of this work under an interagency agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The authors wish to thank J. Bottiger for helpful discussions. Commercial equipment, instruments, and materials, or software are identified in this report to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement of these items by the NIST, nor does it imply that they are the best available for the purpose. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 86 IS 12 AR 125114 DI 10.1063/1.4938486 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DB6AG UT WOS:000368594900082 PM 26724080 ER PT J AU Singer, HJ AF Singer, Howard J. TI Selected New Articles on the Topic of Space Weather From AGU Journals: Published Between July and September 2015 SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Singer, HJ (reprint author), NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. EM hsinger@agu.org NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD DEC PY 2015 VL 13 IS 12 BP 821 EP 823 DI 10.1002/2015SW001337 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DC3ZM UT WOS:000369159300001 ER PT J AU White, AB Mahoney, KM Cifelli, R King, CW AF White, Allen B. Mahoney, Kelly M. Cifelli, Robert King, Clarkrk W. TI WIND PROFILERS TO AID WITH MONITORING AND FORECASTING OF HIGH-IMPACT WEATHER IN THE SOUTHEASTERN AND WESTERN UNITED STATES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB With funding provided by the 2012 Disaster Relief Act (Sandy Supplemental), NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Division has installed three Doppler wind-profiling radars and surface meteorology towers along the U.S. Gulf and southeast coasts to help detect and monitor landfalling tropical storms and other high-impact weather events. This same combination of instruments has been used to monitor landfalling atmospheric rivers on the U.S. West Coast. For this reason, we refer to the whole collection of instruments at each site as an Atmospheric River Observatory (ARO). These three new AROs supported by the Sandy Supplemental complement a fourth ARO deployed in coastal North Carolina as part of NOAA's Hydrometeorology Testbed Southeast Pilot Study. These four AROs were installed in time to capture the 2014 hurricane season and will be operated through the 2015 hurricane season. C1 [White, Allen B.; Cifelli, Robert; King, Clarkrk W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mahoney, Kelly M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Cifelli, Robert] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP White, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM allen.b.white@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 BP 2039 EP 2043 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00170.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4RJ UT WOS:000368500500001 ER PT J AU Stein, AF Draxler, RR Rolph, GD Stunder, BJB Cohen, MD Ngan, F AF Stein, A. F. Draxler, R. R. Rolph, G. D. Stunder, B. J. B. Cohen, M. D. Ngan, F. TI NOAA'S HYSPLIT ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT AND DISPERSION MODELING SYSTEM SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC ASH FORECAST; METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; CLOUD TRANSPORT; MERCURY MODELS; NUCLEAR-TEST; GREAT-LAKES; DUST STORMS AB The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT), developed by NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory, is one of the most widely used models for atmospheric trajectory and dispersion calculations. We present the model's historical evolution over the last 30 years from simple hand-drawn back trajectories to very sophisticated computations of transport, mixing, chemical transformation, and deposition of pollutants and hazardous materials. We highlight recent applications of the HYSPLIT modeling system, including the simulation of atmospheric tracer release experiments, radionuclides, smoke originated from wild fires, volcanic ash, mercury, and wind-blown dust. C1 [Stein, A. F.; Draxler, R. R.; Rolph, G. D.; Stunder, B. J. B.; Cohen, M. D.; Ngan, F.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ngan, F.] Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD USA. RP Stein, AF (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL NCWCP Room 4205,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM ariel.stein@noaa.gov RI Cohen, Mark/P-6936-2015; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Rolph, Glenn/P-6860-2015; Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012; Stunder, Barbara/C-3106-2016 OI Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727; NR 123 TC 178 Z9 185 U1 33 U2 73 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 BP 2059 EP 2077 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00110.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4RN UT WOS:000368500900001 ER PT J AU Adams, DK Fernandes, RMS Holub, KL Gutman, SI Barbosa, HMJ Machado, LAT Calhlheiros, AJP Bennett, RA Kursinski, ER Sapucci, LF DeMets, C Chagas, GFB Arellano, A Filizola, N Rocha, AAA Silva, RA Assuncao, LMF Cirino, GG Pauliquevis, T Portela, BTT Sa, A De Sousa, JM Tanaka, LMS AF Adams, David K. Fernandes, Rui M. S. Holub, Kirkrk L. Gutman, Seth I. Barbosa, Henrique M. J. Machado, Luiz A. T. Calhlheiros, Alan J. P. Bennett, Richardrd A. Kursinski, E. Robert Sapucci, Luiz F. DeMets, Charlrles Chagas, Glayson F. B. Arellano, Ave Filizola, Naziano Rocha, Alcielio A. Amorim Silva, Rosimeire Araujo Assuncao, Lilia M. F. Cirino, Glauber G. Pauliquevis, Theotonio Portela, Bruno T. T. Sa, Andre De Sousa, Jeanne M. Tanaka, Ludmila M. S. TI THE AMAZON DENSE GNSS METEOROLOGICAL NETWORK A New Approach for Examining Water Vapor and Deep Convection Interactions in the Tropics SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION; VERTICAL WIND SHEARS; PRECIPITABLE WATER; DIURNAL CYCLE; LIFE-CYCLE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SQUALL LINES; PART I; GPS; RAINFALL AB The complex interactions between water vapor fields and deep atmospheric convection remain one of the outstanding problems in tropical meteorology. The lack of high spatial-temporal resolution, all-weather observations in the tropics has hampered progress. Numerical models have difficulties, for example, in representing the shallow-to-deep convective transition and the diurnal cycle of precipitation. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) meteorology, which provides all-weather, high-frequency (5 min), precipitable water vapor estimates, can help. The Amazon Dense GNSS Meteorological Network experiment, the first of its kind in the tropics, was created with the aim of examining water vapor and deep convection relationships at the mesoscale. This innovative, Brazilian-led international experiment consisted of two mesoscale (100 km x 100 km) networks: 1) a 1-yr (April 2011-April 2012) campaign (20 GNSS meteorological sites) in and around Manaus and 2) a 6-week (June 2011) intensive campaign (15 GNSS meteorological sites) in and around Belem, the latter in collaboration with the Cloud Processes of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil: A Contribution to Cloud-Resolving Modeling and to the Global Precipitation Measurement (CHUVA) Project in Brazil. Results presented here from both networks focus on the diurnal cycle of precipitable water vapor associated with sea-breeze convection in Belem and seasonal and topographic influences in and around Manaus. Ultimately, these unique observations may serve to initialize, constrain, or validate precipitable water vapor in high-resolution models. These experiments also demonstrate that GNSS meteorology can expand into logistically difficult regions such as the Amazon. Other GNSS meteorology networks presently being constructed in the tropics are summarized. C1 [Adams, David K.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Fernandes, Rui M. S.] Univ Beira Interior, Inst Dom Lutz, Covilha, Portugal. [Fernandes, Rui M. S.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, Delft, Netherlands. [Holub, Kirkrk L.; Gutman, Seth I.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Barbosa, Henrique M. J.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-01498 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Machado, Luiz A. T.; Calhlheiros, Alan J. P.; Sapucci, Luiz F.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Ctr Previsao Tempo Estudos Climat, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Bennett, Richardrd A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kursinski, E. Robert] Moog Adv Miss & Sci, Golden, CO USA. [DeMets, Charlrles] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI USA. [Chagas, Glayson F. B.; Rocha, Alcielio A. Amorim; Silva, Rosimeire Araujo; Assuncao, Lilia M. F.; Cirino, Glauber G.; Portela, Bruno T. T.; Tanaka, Ludmila M. S.] Univ Estado Amazonas, Programa Pos Grad Clima & Ambiente, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Arellano, Ave] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Filizola, Naziano] Univ Fed Amazonas, Dept Geog, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Pauliquevis, Theotonio] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Exatas & Terra, Diadema, Brazil. [Sa, Andre] Inst Politecn Guarda, Dept Engn Technol, Guarda, Portugal. [Sa, Andre] Univ Beira Interior, Dept Informat, Covilha, Portugal. RP Adams, DK (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Circuito Exterior S-N,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM dave.k.adams@gmail.com RI Pauliquevis, Theotonio/B-9408-2012; Barbosa, Henrique/F-3499-2012; Sapucci, Luiz/B-2345-2014; Fernandes, Rui/B-6972-2008; OI Barbosa, Henrique/0000-0002-4027-1855; Fernandes, Rui/0000-0002-9733-284X; Cirino, Glauber/0000-0003-1105-7603 FU INPA/LBA; PETROBRAS [0050.0045370.08.4]; INPE (Brazil) [0050.0045370.08.4]; FCT (Portugal) [PTDC/CTEATM/119922/2010]; FAPESP [2009/15235-8] FX We thank Dr. Antonio Manzi, Hilandia Cunha, and Cicero Leite of the INPA/LBA for financial, logistical, and technical support for this project. Special thanks also go to Lucia Soares de Oliveira, Edson Ferreira de Assuncao, Carlos Vicente Ferreira, Francisco Paulo Santos, Prefeito of Manaquiri, Fundacao Amazonas Sustentavel Tumbira, Embrapa, and Reserva Ducke for hosting stations. We also thank Earle Williams and David Fitzjarrald for their comments on the original manuscript. Likewise, Brian Mapes greatly helped with the manuscript and the IDV animations. Figures were made with NCL. Support for this project and the Amazonian Dense GNSS Meteorological Network comes through Cooperation Project 0050.0045370.08.4 between PETROBRAS and INPE (Brazil) (Icaro Vitorello, principal investigator) and SMOG (PTDC/CTEATM/119922/2010) funded by FCT (Portugal). The CHUVA project was funded by FAPESP Grant 2009/15235-8. We also thank UNAVCO's Equipment Loan Program for providing GPS receivers for the Belem network. The ADGMN was carried out while the first author was on the faculty in the Programa de Pos Graduacao em Clima e Ambiente, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Data are available upon request from corresponding author. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 BP 2151 EP 2165 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00171.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4RW UT WOS:000368501800001 ER PT J AU Bell, MM Ballard, RA Bauman, M Foerster, AM Frambach, A Kosiba, KA Lee, WC Rees, SL Wurman, J AF Bell, Michael M. Ballard, Robert A. Bauman, Mark Foerster, Annette M. Frambach, Andrew Kosiba, Karen A. Lee, Wen-Chau Rees, Shannon L. Wurman, Joshua TI THE HAWAIIAN EDUCATIONAL RADAR OPPORTUNITY (HERO) SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRADE-WIND RAINFALL; AIR-FLOW; PRECIPITATION; SIGNATURE; OAHU; SUMMER; ISLAND; MODEL AB A National Science Foundation sponsored educational deployment of a Doppler on Wheels radar called the Hawaiian Educational Radar Opportunity (HERO) was conducted on Oahu from 21 October to 13 November 2013. This was the first-ever deployment of a polarimetric X-band (3 cm) research radar in Hawaii. A unique fine-resolution radar and radiosonde dataset was collected during 16 intensive observing periods through a collaborative effort between University of Hawaii at Mnoa undergraduate and graduate students and the National Weather Service's Weather Forecast Office in Honolulu. HERO was the field component of MET 628 Radar Meteorology, with 12 enrolled graduate students who collected and analyzed the data as part of the course. Extensive community outreach was conducted, including participation in a School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology open house event with over 7,500 visitors from local K-12 schools and the public. An overview of the HERO project and highlights of some interesting tropical rain and cloud observations are described. Phenomena observed by the radar include cumulus clouds, trade wind showers, deep convective thunderstorms, and a widespread heavy rain event associated with a cold frontal passage. Detailed cloud and precipitation structures and their interactions with Oahu terrain, unique dual-polarization signatures, and the implications for the dynamics and microphysics of tropical convection are presented. C1 [Bell, Michael M.; Ballard, Robert A.; Bauman, Mark; Frambach, Andrew; Rees, Shannon L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ballard, Robert A.] Natl Weather Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. [Kosiba, Karen A.; Wurman, Joshua] Ctr Severe Weather Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Lee, Wen-Chau] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Bell, MM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Atmospher Sci, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM mmbell@hawaii.edu FU NSF [AGS-1349881, AGS-1361237]; University Corporation for Atmospheric Research UVISIT program; National Science Foundation Lower Atmospheric Observing Facilities FX The HERO project was supported by the National Science Foundation Lower Atmospheric Observing Facilities, and the subsequent analysis and publication was supported under NSF Award AGS-1349881. The DOW Facility is supported by NSF Award AGS-1361237. WCL's participation in the project was supported by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research UVISIT program. We thank all of the field project participants who contributed to the project's success, including Jeff Keeler, the UHM students, and NWS personnel. Special thanks also go to David Morgan at Kualoa Ranch and the Waikalua Loko Fishpond Board of Directors for the use of their property for data collection. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 BP 2167 EP 2181 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00126.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4RX UT WOS:000368501900001 ER PT J AU Johnson, V Jeffries, R Byrd, G Schreiber-Abshire, W Page, E Muller, B Alberta, T AF Johnson, Victoria Jeffries, Richard Byrd, Greg Schreiber-Abshire, Wendy Page, Elizabeth Muller, Bruce Alberta, Tim TI CELEBRATING COMET'S 25 YEARS OF PROVIDING INNOVATIVE EDUCATION AND TRAINING SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROGRAM AB The Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education, and Training (COMET)'s mission when it began in 1990 was to deliver professional development opportunities to U.S. government forecasters during the National Weather Service (NWS) modernization program. Since then, COMET has emerged as a worldwide leader in geoscience education. Its original objectives were to provide forecasters with classroom and distance learning training based on state-of-the-art science; support development and testing of new forecast methods; promote collaboration between the forecasting, research, and academic communities; and to advance forecasting and nowcasting by encouraging research. Over the years, COMET's mission has expanded to disseminating and enhancing scientific knowledge in the environmental sciences, particularly meteorology, but also including diverse areas such as oceanography, hydrology, space weather, and emergency management. This paper reviews COMET's evolution from a primary focus on educating U.S. forecasters on the application of new technologies (such as Doppler radar) to mesoscale meteorology problems into a program with a much broader scope. Those changes include offering learning opportunities that now cover a wider variety of topics and support the educational needs of diverse audiences worldwide. The history of COMET is a story of adaptation to technological changes, funding cycles, partner requirements, and service opportunities as well as taking on a more global mission. We will look at how COMET's activities in geoscience education have changed, how its adaptability has contributed to the longevity of the program that was only supposed to exist until the NWS modernization was complete, and expectations and plans for the future. C1 [Johnson, Victoria; Jeffries, Richard; Byrd, Greg; Schreiber-Abshire, Wendy; Page, Elizabeth; Muller, Bruce; Alberta, Tim] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Cooperat Program Operat Meteorol Educ & Training, Boulder, CO USA. RP Jeffries, R (reprint author), COMET, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM raj@ucar.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 BP 2183 EP 2194 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00276.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4RZ UT WOS:000368502100001 ER PT J AU Barlow, M Hoell, A AF Barlow, Mathew Hoell, Andrew TI DROUGHT IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND CENTRAL-SOUTHWEST ASIA DURING WINTER 2013/14 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; WARM POOL; LA-NINA; VARIABILITY; TELECONNECTIONS; STREAMFLOW; CLIMATE; SEA C1 [Barlow, Mathew] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Hoell, Andrew] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Barlow, M (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 BP S71 EP S76 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00127.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4SL UT WOS:000368503300015 ER PT J AU Funk, C Shukla, S Hoell, A Livneh, B AF Funk, Chris Shukla, Shraddhanand Hoell, Andy Livneh, Ben TI ASSESSING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF EAST AFRICAN AND WEST PACIFIC WARMING TO THE 2014 BOREAL SPRING EAST AFRICAN DROUGHT SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LONG RAINS; SURFACE; MODELS; SYSTEM; WATER; HORN C1 [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93016 USA. [Funk, Chris; Shukla, Shraddhanand] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hoell, Andy] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Livneh, Ben] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Livneh, Ben] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Funk, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93016 USA. OI LIVNEH, BEN/0000-0001-5445-2473 FU US Geological Survey (USGS) [G09AC000001]; NOAA Award [NA11OAR4310151]; USGS Climate and Land Use Change program; NASA SERVIR; NASA [NNH12ZDA001N-IDS, NNX14AD30G] FX This work was supported by US Geological Survey (USGS) cooperative agreement #G09AC000001), NOAA Award NA11OAR4310151, the USGS Climate and Land Use Change program, NASA SERVIR, and NASA grants NNH12ZDA001N-IDS and NNX14AD30G. We would like to thank our editor (Stephanie Herring), our anonymous reviewers, and Colin Kelley whose suggestions substantially improved this manuscript. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 BP S77 EP S82 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00106.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4SL UT WOS:000368503300016 ER PT J AU Herring, SC Hoerling, MP Kossin, JP Peterson, TC Stott, PA AF Herring, Stephanie C. Hoerling, Martin P. Kossin, James P. Peterson, Thomas C. Stott, Peter A. TI SUMMARY AND BROADER CONTEXT SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Herring, Stephanie C.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hoerling, Martin P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Madison, WI USA. [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Stott, Peter A.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Herring, SC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Kossin, James/C-2022-2016; Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016 OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 BP S168 EP S172 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00210.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4SL UT WOS:000368503300034 ER PT J AU Herring, SC Hoerling, MP Kossin, JP Peterson, TC Stott, PA AF Herring, Stephanie C. Hoerling, Martin P. Kossin, James P. Peterson, Thomas C. Stott, Peter A. TI INTRODUCTION TO EXPLAINING EXTREME EVENTS OF 2014 FROM A CLIMATE PERSPECTIVE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Herring, Stephanie C.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hoerling, Martin P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Madison, WI USA. [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Stott, Peter A.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Herring, SC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Kossin, James/C-2022-2016; Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016 OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686 NR 10 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 19 U2 51 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 BP S1 EP S4 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00157.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4SL UT WOS:000368503300001 ER PT J AU Kam, J Knutson, TR Zeng, FR Wittenberg, AT AF Kam, Jonghun Knutson, Thomas R. Zeng, Fanrong Wittenberg, Andrew T. TI RECORD ANNUAL MEAN WARMTH OVER EUROPE, THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC, AND THE NORTHWEST ATLANTIC DURING 2014: ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Kam, Jonghun; Knutson, Thomas R.; Zeng, Fanrong; Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Kam, Jonghun] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Kam, J (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Kam, Jonghun/G-3550-2012; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Kam, Jonghun/0000-0002-7967-7705; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 BP S61 EP S65 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00101.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4SL UT WOS:000368503300013 ER PT J AU Murakami, H Vecchi, GA Delworth, TL Paffendorf, K Gudgel, R Jia, LW Zeng, FR AF Murakami, Hiroyuki Vecchi, Gabriel A. Delworth, Thomas L. Paffendorf, Karen Gudgel, Richard Jia, Liwei Zeng, Fanrong TI INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC FORCING AND NATURAL VARIABILITY ON THE 2014 HAWAIIAN HURRICANE SEASON SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; EL-NINO; TEMPERATURE; OSCILLATION; HEAT; ENSO C1 [Murakami, Hiroyuki; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Paffendorf, Karen; Gudgel, Richard; Jia, Liwei; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Murakami, Hiroyuki; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Paffendorf, Karen; Jia, Liwei] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Murakami, H (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA14OAR4830101] FX This report was prepared by Hiroyuki Murakami under award NA14OAR4830101 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 BP S115 EP S119 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00119.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4SL UT WOS:000368503300023 ER PT J AU Wolter, K Hoerling, M Eischeid, JK van Oldenborgh, GJ Quan, XW Walsh, JE Chase, TN Dole, RM AF Wolter, Klaus Hoerling, Martin Eischeid, Jon K. van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan Quan, Xiao-Wei Walsh, John E. Chase, Thomas N. Dole, Randall M. TI HOW UNUSUAL WAS THE COLD WINTER OF 2013/14 IN THE UPPER MIDWEST? SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SNOW COVER; EXTENT; TEMPERATURE C1 [Wolter, Klaus; Eischeid, Jon K.; Quan, Xiao-Wei; Chase, Thomas N.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hoerling, Martin; Dole, Randall M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Walsh, John E.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Wolter, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NASA MAP program [MAP12-0072]; EUCLEIA project - European Union's Seventh Framework Programme [607085] FX We wish to thank David Robinson and Thomas Estilow at Rutgers University for access to their gridded northern hemispheric snow cover data. Three anonymous reviews helped to improve our manuscript. This work was supported by the NASA MAP program under the funded MAP12-0072 project. It was also supported by the EUCLEIA project funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement No. 607085. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 BP S10 EP S14 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00126.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4SL UT WOS:000368503300003 ER PT J AU Yang, XS Vecchi, GA Delworth, TL Paffendorf, K Gudgel, R Jia, L Underwood, SD Zeng, F AF Yang, Xiaosong Vecchi, G. A. Delworth, T. L. Paffendorf, K. Gudgel, R. Jia, L. Underwood, Seth D. Zeng, F. TI EXTREME NORTH AMERICA WINTER STORM SEASON OF 2013/14: ROLES OF RADIATIVE FORCING AND THE GLOBAL WARMING HIATUS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CYCLONE ACTIVITY; PACIFIC C1 [Yang, Xiaosong; Vecchi, G. A.; Delworth, T. L.; Paffendorf, K.; Gudgel, R.; Jia, L.; Zeng, F.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Yang, Xiaosong] Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Vecchi, G. A.; Delworth, T. L.; Paffendorf, K.; Jia, L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Underwood, Seth D.] Engility Corp, Chantilly, VA USA. RP Yang, XS (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; NOAA/OAR under National Earth System Prediction Capability (National ESPC) FX This work is supported in part by NOAA's Climate Program Office. X. Yang and G. A. Vecchi are supported by NOAA/OAR under the auspices of the National Earth System Prediction Capability (National ESPC). NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 BP S25 EP S28 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00133.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4SL UT WOS:000368503300006 ER PT J AU Jiang, HL Albers, S Xie, YF Toth, Z Jankov, I Scotten, M Picca, J Stumpf, G Kingfield, D Birkenheuer, D Motta, B AF Jiang, Hongli Albers, Steve Xie, Yuanfu Toth, Zoltan Jankov, Isidora Scotten, Michael Picca, Joseph Stumpf, Greg Kingfield, Darrel Birkenheuer, Daniel Motta, Brian TI Real-Time Applications of the Variational Version of the Local Analysis and Prediction System (vLAPS) SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; WEATHER; LAPS AB The accurate and timely depiction of the state of the atmosphere on multiple scales is critical to enhance forecaster situational awareness and to initialize very short-range numerical forecasts in support of nowcasting activities. The Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) of the Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL)/Global Systems Division (GSD) is a numerical data assimilation and forecast system designed to serve such very finescale applications. LAPS is used operationally by more than 20 national and international agencies, including the NWS, where it has been operational in the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS) since 1995.Using computationally efficient and scientifically advanced methods such as a multigrid technique that adds observational information on progressively finer scales in successive iterations, GSD recently introduced a new, variational version of LAPS (vLAPS). Surface and 3D analyses generated by vLAPS were tested in the Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) to gauge their utility in both situational awareness and nowcasting applications. On a number of occasions, forecasters found that the vLAPS analyses and ensuing very short-range forecasts provided useful guidance for the development of severe weather events, including tornadic storms, while in some other cases the guidance was less sufficient. C1 [Jiang, Hongli; Albers, Steve; Jankov, Isidora] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jiang, Hongli; Albers, Steve; Jankov, Isidora] NOAA, ESRL, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Xie, Yuanfu; Toth, Zoltan; Birkenheuer, Daniel] NOAA, Global Syst Div, OAR, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Scotten, Michael] NOAA, NWS, Norman, OK USA. [Picca, Joseph] NOAA, NWS, Upton, NY USA. [Stumpf, Greg; Kingfield, Darrel] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Stumpf, Greg; Kingfield, Darrel] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Motta, Brian] NOAA, Training Div, NWS, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jiang, HL (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, ESRL, GSD, R-GSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hongli.jiang@noaa.gov RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00185.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4RL UT WOS:000368500700001 ER PT J AU Weisman, ML Trapp, RJ Romine, GS Davis, C Torn, R Baldwin, M Bosart, L Brown, J Coniglio, M Dowell, D Evans, AC Galarneau, TJ Haggerty, J Hock, T Manning, K Roebber, P Romashkin, P Schumacher, R Schwartz, CS Sobash, R Stensrud, D Trier, SB AF Weisman, Morris L. Trapp, Robert J. Romine, Glen S. Davis, Chris Torn, Ryan Baldwin, Michael Bosart, Lance Brown, John Coniglio, Michael Dowell, David Evans, A. Clark Galarneau, Thomas J., Jr. Haggerty, Julie Hock, Terry Manning, Kevin Roebber, Paul Romashkin, Pavel Schumacher, Russ Schwartz, Craig S. Sobash, Ryan Stensrud, David Trier, Stanley B. TI THE MESOSCALE PREDICTABILITY EXPERIMENT (MPEX) SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROSPECTUS DEVELOPMENT TEAM; WEATHER RESEARCH-PROGRAM; TROPOSPHERIC JET STREAK; SEASON PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; SIMULATED CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; TROPICAL SQUALL-LINE; WRF MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; INITIAL CONDITIONS AB The Mesoscale Predictability Experiment (MPEX) was conducted from 15 May to 15 June 2013 in the central United States. MPEX was motivated by the basic question of whether experimental, subsynoptic observations can extend convective-scale predictability and otherwise enhance skill in short-term regional numerical weather prediction.Observational tools for MPEX included the National Science Foundation (NSF)-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Gulfstream V aircraft (GV), which featured the Airborne Vertical Atmospheric Profiling System mini-dropsonde system and a microwave temperature-profiling (MTP) system as well as several ground-based mobile upsonde systems. Basic operations involved two missions per day: an early morning mission with the GV, well upstream of anticipated convective storms, and an afternoon and early evening mission with the mobile sounding units to sample the initiation and upscale feedbacks of the convection.A total of 18 intensive observing periods (IOPs) were completed during the field phase, representing a wide spectrum of synoptic regimes and convective events, including several major severe weather and/or tornado outbreak days. The novel observational strategy employed during MPEX is documented herein, as is the unique role of the ensemble modeling effortswhich included an ensemble sensitivity analysisto both guide the observational strategies and help address the potential impacts of such enhanced observations on short-term convective forecasting. Preliminary results of retrospective data assimilation experiments are discussed, as are data analyses showing upscale convective feedbacks. C1 [Weisman, Morris L.; Romine, Glen S.; Davis, Chris; Galarneau, Thomas J., Jr.; Haggerty, Julie; Hock, Terry; Manning, Kevin; Romashkin, Pavel; Schwartz, Craig S.; Sobash, Ryan; Trier, Stanley B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trapp, Robert J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. [Torn, Ryan; Bosart, Lance] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Baldwin, Michael] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Brown, John; Dowell, David] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Coniglio, Michael] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Evans, A. Clark; Roebber, Paul] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Schumacher, Russ] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stensrud, David] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Weisman, ML (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM weisman@ucar.edu RI Schumacher, Russ/A-9979-2009 OI Schumacher, Russ/0000-0002-4404-3104 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); NSF FX We would like to gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The field project support provided by NCAR/EOL staff, especially Jim Moore, Steve Williams, Brigitte Baeuerle, and Greg Stossmeister, and the computer resources and technical support offered by NCAR/CISL and Wei Wang, Kate Fossell, and Dave Ahijevych of NCAR/MMM are also gratefully appreciated. Thanks also go to Don Conlee of Texas A&M University and to the many student participants involved in the day-to-day operations of the field campaign, especially in support of the mobile upsonde operations, including Matt Paulus, Vanessa Vincente, John Peters, and Adam Rydbeck from Colorado State University; Logan Dawson and Joe Woznicki from Purdue University; Chris Kerr, Stuart Miller, Derek Stratman, Mike Vandenberg, Stacey Hitchcock, Larissa Reames, and Sean Waugh from the University of Oklahoma; and Corey Guastini from the University at Albany. Data from the field campaign can be found at the NCAR/EOL field projects catalog (www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/mpex/). NCAR is operated by UCAR under sponsorship of the NSF. NR 81 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00281.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4RV UT WOS:000368501700001 ER PT J AU Paranjpye, RN Nilsson, WB Liermann, M Hilborn, ED George, BJ Li, QL Bill, BD Trainer, VL Strom, MS Sandifer, PA AF Paranjpye, Rohinee N. Nilsson, William B. Liermann, Martin Hilborn, Elizabeth D. George, Barbara J. Li, Quanlin Bill, Brian D. Trainer, Vera L. Strom, Mark S. Sandifer, Paul A. TI Environmental influences on the seasonal distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific Northwest of the USA SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pathogens; Vibrio; HABS; microbial ecology ID POTENTIALLY PATHOGENIC VIBRIO; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; WASHINGTON-STATE; WEST-COAST; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; UNITED-STATES; ADRIATIC SEA; CHOLERAE O1; DEPENDENT-VARIABLES AB Populations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the environment can be influenced by numerous factors. We assessed the correlation of total (tl+) and potentially virulent (tdh+) V. parahaemolyticus in water with three harmful algal bloom (HAB) genera (Pseudo-nitzschia, Alexandrium and Dinophysis), the abundance of diatoms and dinoflagellates, chlorophyll-a and temperature, salinity and macronutrients at five sites in Washington State from 2008-2009. The variability in V. parahaemolyticus density was explained predominantly by strong seasonal trends where maximum densities occurred in June, 2 months prior to the highest seasonal water temperature. In spite of large geographic differences in temperature, salinity and nutrients, there was little evidence of corresponding differences in V. parahaemolyticus density. In addition, there was no evident relationship between V. parahaemolyticus and indices of HAB genera, perhaps due to a lack of significant HAB events during the sampling period. The only nutrient significantly associated with V. parahaemolyticus density after accounting for the seasonal trend was silicate. This negative relationship may be caused by a shift in cell wall structure for some diatom species to a chitinous substrate preferred by V. parahaemolyticus. Results from our study differ from those in other regions corroborating previous findings that environmental factors that trigger vibrio and HAB events may differ depending on geographic locations. Therefore caution should be used when applying results from one region to another. C1 [Paranjpye, Rohinee N.; Nilsson, William B.; Liermann, Martin; Bill, Brian D.; Trainer, Vera L.; Strom, Mark S.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hilborn, Elizabeth D.; George, Barbara J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Li, Quanlin] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Biostat & Bioinformat Res Ctr, Samuel Oschin Comprehens Canc Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. [Sandifer, Paul A.] NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Paranjpye, RN (reprint author), NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM rohinee.paranjpye@noaa.gov RI Li, Quanlin/H-2358-2015 OI Li, Quanlin/0000-0002-3876-0617 FU Interagency Agreement [DW-13-92270801-1]; US EPA; NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative through an internal grant; Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) FX This research was supported by Interagency Agreement DW-13-92270801-1 between the US EPA and NOAA and by the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative through an internal grant to the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC). The authors thank Dr Steve Jordan, USEPA, for assistance throughout the project and Dr Richard Spinrad, NOAA, for special assistance at the initiation of the project. Thanks to Cassandra Kamischke for phytoplankton analysis and Stephanie Moore for helpful discussions. Thanks also to Soundtoxins. org participants, Teri King (Washington Sea Grant, North Bay, WA), Lohna O'Rourke (Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe, Sequim Bay, WA), Taylor Shellfish (Dabob Bay, WA), Coast Seafoods (Quilcene Bay WA) and Ewann Berntson (NWFSC-Manchester) for help with sample collection. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency or NOAA Fisheries. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 EI 1574-6941 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 91 IS 12 DI 10.1093/femsec/fiv121 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DB3SA UT WOS:000368430600001 ER PT J AU Fortin, D Kaufman, DS Arnold, M Schiefer, E Hawley, N AF Fortin, David Kaufman, Darrell S. Arnold, Megan Schiefer, Erik Hawley, Nathan TI LATE-SUMMER PEAK IN SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION IN TWO LAKES WITH CONTRASTING WATERSHEDS, ALASKA SO GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A-PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE lake sedimentation; glacier-fed lake; Alaska ID RECORD; GLACIER; CANADA; TRANSPORT; ALBERTA; FLUXES AB The timing of clastic sedimentation in two glacial-fed lakes with contrasting watersheds was monitored using sequencing sediment traps for two consecutive years at Allison Lake (Chugach Range, Alaska) and four months at Shainin Lake (Brooks Range, Alaska). Shainin Lake is a weakly stratified lake fed by distant glaciers, whereas Allison Lake is more strongly stratified and fed predominantly by proximal glaciers. At Shainin Lake, sediment accumulation started in late June and reached its maximum in mid-August, just before lake mixing and during a period of low river discharge. The grain size of the sediment reaching the sediment trap in Shainin Lake was homogenous throughout the summer. At Allison Lake, pulsed sedimentation of coarse particles during late summer and early fall storms were superimposed on the fine-grained sedimentation pattern similar to that observed at Shainin Lake. These storms triggered underflows that were observed in the thermal structure of the lake and deposited abundant sediment. The sequencing sediment traps reveal a lag between fluvial discharge and sediment deposition at both lakes, implying limitations to interpreting intra-annual sedimentary features in terms of inflow discharge. C1 [Fortin, David; Kaufman, Darrell S.; Arnold, Megan] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, 625 S Knoles Dr,Bldg 12, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Schiefer, Erik] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geog Planning & Recreat, 19 W McConnell Dr,POB 15016, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hawley, Nathan] Nat Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Kaufman, DS (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, 625 S Knoles Dr,Bldg 12, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM david.fortin@nau.edu; darrell.kaufman@nau.edu; arnold.megan.s@gmail.com; erik.Schiefer@nau.edu; nathan.hawley@noaa.gov OI Fortin, David/0000-0002-0761-0210 FU NSF [ARC-1107662, EAR-0823522, ARC-0909332, 455541, 1048361]; Northern Arizona University FX Jason Briner, Elizabeth Ceperley, William D'Andrea, Anne Krawiec, Barney Peterson, Heidi Roop, Caleb Schiff and David Vaillencourt assisted in the field, and Katherine Whitacre and Megan Saalfeld assisted in the laboratory. CH2MHill Polar Services and Toolik Field Station provided logistical support. Access to Shainin Lake was by permission of the Arctic Slope Regional Corporation. We are grateful to them for allowing access to their land. Copper Valley Electric Association commissioned the discharge data from Allison Lake. The Flagstaff office of the US Geological Survey allowed access to their grain-size analyzer. This study was funded by NSF awards ARC-1107662 (Shainin Lake), and EAR-0823522 and ARC-0909332 (Allison Lake). DF was supported by a postdoctoral scholar award through Northern Arizona University. Datasets were provided by the Toolik Field Station Environmental Data Center with support from NSF grants 455541 and 1048361. This is GLERL contribution # 1769. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0435-3676 EI 1468-0459 J9 GEOGR ANN A JI Geogr. Ann. Ser. A-Phys. Geogr. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 97 IS 4 BP 709 EP 719 DI 10.1111/geoa.12110 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DB3MV UT WOS:000368416700006 ER PT J AU Allen, DW Hwang, J Litorja, M AF Allen, David W. Hwang, Jeeseong Litorja, Maritoni TI Optical Medical Imaging Standards SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Allen, David W.; Litorja, Maritoni] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Quantum Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Allen, DW (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dwallen@nist.gov; jch@nist.gov; litorja@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 EI 1560-2281 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 20 IS 12 AR 121301 DI 10.1117/1.JBO.20.12.121301 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DB3VG UT WOS:000368440300004 PM 26720867 ER PT J AU Chon, B Tokumasu, F Lee, JY Allen, DW Rice, JP Hwang, J AF Chon, Bonghwan Tokumasu, Fuyuki Lee, Ji Youn Allen, David W. Rice, Joseph P. Hwang, Jeeseong TI Digital phantoms generated by spectral and spatial light modulators SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral imaging; optical imaging standard; digital phantom; single cell molecular imaging; scatter imaging; spatial light modulator ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MALARIA PIGMENT; HEMOZOIN; SYSTEM AB A hyperspectral image projector (HIP) based on liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulators is explained and demonstrated to generate data cubes. The HIP-constructed data cubes are three-dimensional images of the spatial distribution of spectrally resolved abundances of intracellular light-absorbing oxyhemoglobin molecules in single erythrocytes. Spectrally and spatially resolved image data indistinguishable from the real scene may be used as standard data cubes, so-called digital phantoms, to calibrate image sensors and validate image analysis algorithms for their measurement quality, performance consistency, and interlaboratory comparisons for quantitative biomedical imaging applications. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Chon, Bonghwan; Lee, Ji Youn; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tokumasu, Fuyuki] NIH, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Allen, David W.; Rice, Joseph P.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hwang, J (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jch@nist.gov FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program on Optical Medical Imaging for Clinical Applications and the Intramural Research Program of the NIAID, NIH; NIST and the Intramural Program of the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the NIH FX Certain commercial equipments, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This research was supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program on Optical Medical Imaging for Clinical Applications and the Intramural Research Program of the NIAID, NIH. This research was performed while J.L. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIH (NIBIB)/NIST. Funding for this award was provided by the NIST and the Intramural Program of the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the NIH. Authors would like to thank to Dr. Kimberly Briggman, Dr. Maritoni Litorja, and Dr. Eric Shirley at NIST, Do-Hyun Kim at USFDA, and Stephen Kanick at Dartmouth College for valuable discussions. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 EI 1560-2281 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 20 IS 12 AR 121309 DI 10.1117/1.JBO.20.12.121309 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DB3VG UT WOS:000368440300012 PM 26502383 ER PT J AU Lemaillet, P Bouchard, JP Hwang, J Allen, DW AF Lemaillet, Paul Bouchard, Jean-Pierre Hwang, Jeeseong Allen, David W. TI Double-integrating-sphere system at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in support of measurement standards for the determination of optical properties of tissue-mimicking phantoms SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE tissue optical property; biomedical optics standard; integrating sphere; tissue-mimicking phantom; tissue optical scattering ID SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOSE-TISSUE; STRONGLY SCATTERING MEDIA; LIQUID DIFFUSIVE MEDIUM; TURBID MEDIA; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; ABSORPTION PROPERTIES; WAVELENGTH RANGE; NIR WAVELENGTHS; CRYSTAL FIBER; HUMAN SKIN AB There is a need for a common reference point that will allow for the comparison of the optical properties of tissue-mimicking phantoms. After a brief review of the methods that have been used to measure the phantoms for a contextual backdrop to our approach, this paper reports on the establishment of a standardized double-integrating-sphere platform to measure absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of tissue-mimicking biomedical phantoms. The platform implements a user-friendly graphical user interface in which variations of experimental configurations and model-based analysis are implemented to compute the coefficients based on a modified inverse adding-doubling algorithm allowing a complete uncertainty evaluation. Repeatability and validation of the measurement results of solid phantoms are demonstrated for three samples of different thicknesses, d = 5.08 mm, 7.09 mm, and 9.92 mm, with an absolute error estimate of 4.0% to 5.0% for the absorption coefficient and 11% to 12% for the reduced scattering coefficient (k = 2). The results are in accordance with those provided by the manufacturer. Measurements with different polarization angles of the incident light are also presented, and the resulting optical properties were determined to be equivalent within the estimated uncertainties. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Lemaillet, Paul; Allen, David W.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bouchard, Jean-Pierre] Natl Opt Inst, Quebec City, PQ G1P 4S4, Canada. [Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lemaillet, P (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.lemaillet@nist.gov; david.allen@nist.gov FU NIST Innovation in Measurement Science (IMS) program on "Optical Medical Imaging for Clinical Applications"; NIST intramural research program in the Statistical Engineering Division of the Information Technology Laboratory of NIST FX Certain commercial materials and equipment are identified in order to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This work was supported by the NIST Innovation in Measurement Science (IMS) program on "Optical Medical Imaging for Clinical Applications" and the NIST intramural research program in the Statistical Engineering Division of the Information Technology Laboratory of NIST. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 EI 1560-2281 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 20 IS 12 AR 121310 DI 10.1117/1.JBO.20.12.121310 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DB3VG UT WOS:000368440300013 PM 26505172 ER PT J AU Scanlon, BR Zhang, ZZ Reedy, RC Pool, DR Save, H Long, D Chen, JL Wolock, DM Conway, BD Winester, D AF Scanlon, Bridget R. Zhang, Zizhan Reedy, Robert C. Pool, Donald R. Save, Himanshu Long, Di Chen, Jianli Wolock, David M. Conway, Brian D. Winester, Daniel TI Hydrologic implications of GRACE satellite data in the Colorado River Basin SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER DEPLETION; UNITED-STATES; VARIABILITY; DROUGHT AB Use of GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites for assessing global water resources is rapidly expanding. Here we advance application of GRACE satellites by reconstructing long-term total water storage (TWS) changes from ground-based monitoring and modeling data. We applied the approach to the Colorado River Basin which has experienced multiyear intense droughts at decadal intervals. Estimated TWS declined by 94 km(3) during 1986-1990 and by 102 km(3) during 1998-2004, similar to the TWS depletion recorded by GRACE (47 km(3)) during 2010-2013. Our analysis indicates that TWS depletion is dominated by reductions in surface reservoir and soil moisture storage in the upper Colorado basin with additional reductions in groundwater storage in the lower basin. Groundwater storage changes are controlled mostly by natural responses to wet and dry cycles and irrigation pumping outside of Colorado River delivery zones based on ground-based water level and gravity data. Water storage changes are controlled primarily by variable water inputs in response to wet and dry cycles rather than increasing water use. Surface reservoir storage buffers supply variability with current reservoir storage representing similar to 2.5 years of available water use. This study can be used as a template showing how to extend short-term GRACE TWS records and using all available data on storage components of TWS to interpret GRACE data, especially within the context of droughts. C1 [Scanlon, Bridget R.; Zhang, Zizhan; Reedy, Robert C.] Univ Texas Austin, Bureau Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Pool, Donald R.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Save, Himanshu; Chen, Jianli] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Space Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Long, Di] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS USA. [Conway, Brian D.] Arizona Dept Water Resources, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Winester, Daniel] Natl Geodet Survey, NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Table Mt Geophys Observ, Boulder, CO USA. RP Scanlon, BR (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Bureau Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM bridget.scanlon@beg.utexas.edu RI Zhang, Zizhan/F-5705-2016; Long, Di/N-8049-2013; Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009 OI Zhang, Zizhan/0000-0002-6815-2006; Long, Di/0000-0001-9033-5039; Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199 FU Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin FX We acknowledge funding for this study from the Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin. We are very grateful for discussions with Ken Nowak at U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. We acknowledge the following individuals who provided data for this study: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Jesus Hernandez, Timothy Miller, Noe Santos, and Alan Harrison; Bureau of Indian Affairs, Augustine Fisher; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jason Lee; and Arizona Department of Water Resources Central Arizona Project, Ken Seasholes. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 51 IS 12 BP 9891 EP 9903 DI 10.1002/2015WR018090 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DB3OR UT WOS:000368421500028 ER PT J AU Poppendieck, DG Ng, LC Persily, AK Hodgson, AT AF Poppendieck, Dustin G. Ng, Lisa C. Persily, Andrew K. Hodgson, Alfred T. TI Long term air quality monitoring in a net-zero energy residence designed with low emitting interior products SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Formaldehyde; Emission rates; Mechanical ventilation; Volatile organic compound (VOC) ID EMISSIONS; OZONE AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) constructed a Net Zero Energy Residential Test Facility (NZERTF) to support the development and adoption of cost-effective Net Zero Energy (NZE) designs and technologies. One key design objective was to provide for occupant health and comfort through adequate ventilation and reduced indoor contaminant sources. To improve source control, guidelines were implemented to utilize products with relatively low volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of formaldehyde and 30 other VOCs were measured approximately monthly during the first year of house operation. Indoor temperature and ventilation conditions were relatively constant over the study. Indoor minus outdoor (I-O) concentrations of many VOCs varied with outdoor temperature. Correlation analyses of I-O concentrations versus inverse outdoor temperature (1/K) suggested that some building envelope components were an indoor source of aldehydes (but not formaldehyde) and several other VOCs. Floor area specific emission rates were calculated and compared to values from several prior studies of conventional new houses. The average formaldehyde emission factor of 6.7 mu g h(-1) m(-2) in this study was lower than literature values (29 mu g h(-1) m(-2) to 45 mu g h(-1) m(-2)) indicating formaldehyde source control approaches were effective. VOC measurements at other indoor conditions demonstrated that eliminating mechanical ventilation contributed more to an increase in indoor VOC concentrations than an 8 degrees C increase in the indoor temperature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Poppendieck, Dustin G.; Ng, Lisa C.; Persily, Andrew K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hodgson, Alfred T.] Berkeley Analyt, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. RP Poppendieck, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dustin.poppendieck@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Matthew Schlegel and Angelica Connor, NIST, in collecting the samples and Na Li, Berkeley Analytical, for chemical analysis. This work was funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 EI 1873-684X J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 94 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.07.001 PN 1 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA DA4GX UT WOS:000367759300004 ER PT J AU Pope, JG Wright, JD AF Pope, Jodie G. Wright, John D. TI Hydrogen field test standard: Laboratory and field performance SO FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen fuel; Gaseous dispenser; Field test standard ID METERS AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) developed a prototype field test standard (FTS) that incorporates three test methods that could be used by state weights and measures inspectors to periodically verify the accuracy of retail hydrogen dispensers, much as gasoline dispensers are tested today. The three field test methods are (1) gravimetric, (2) Pressure, Volume, Temperature (PVT), and (3) master meter. The FTS was tested in NIST's Transient Flow Facility with helium gas and in the field at a hydrogen dispenser location. All three methods agree within 0.57% and 1.53% for all test drafts of helium gas in the laboratory setting and of hydrogen gas in the field, respectively. The time required to perform six test drafts is similar for all three methods, ranging from 6 h for the gravimetric and master meter methods to 8 h for the PVT method. The laboratory tests show that (1) it is critical to wait for thermal equilibrium to achieve density measurements in the FTS that meet the desired uncertainty requirements for the PVT and master meter methods; in general, we found a wait time of 20 mm introduces errors <0.1% and <0.04% in the PVT and master meter methods, respectively and (2) buoyancy corrections are important for the lowest uncertainty gravimetric measurements. The field tests show that sensor drift can become a largest component of uncertainty that is not present in the laboratory setting. The scale was calibrated after it was set up at the field location. Checks of the calibration throughout testing showed drift of 0.031%. Calibration of the master meter and the pressure sensors prior to travel to the field location and upon return showed significant drifts in their calibrations; 0.14% and up to 1.7%, respectively. This highlights the need for better sensor selection and/or more robust sensor testing prior to putting into field service. All three test methods are capable of being successfully performed in the field and give equivalent answers if proper sensors without drift are used. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pope, Jodie G.; Wright, John D.] NIST, Fluid Metrol Grp, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pope, JG (reprint author), NIST, Fluid Metrol Grp, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jodie.pope@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Office of Weights and Measures; Michael Moldover of the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors wish to thank (1) Michael Moldover of the National Institute of Standards and Technology for his advice and support, (2) Ernest Chaput, Fred Humes, Patrick Woodell, and Joette Sonnenberg of the Applied Research Center in South Carolina for allowing us access to their facilities and their invaluable help and support with the field tests, (3) Robert Burgess, Michael Peters, Kevin Harrison, and William Buttner of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for helpful design discussions, and (4) The National Institute of Standards and Technology Office of Weights and Measures for providing funding and specifically Juana Williams for her assistance in arranging and performing the field tests. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-5986 EI 1873-6998 J9 FLOW MEAS INSTRUM JI Flow Meas. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 46 BP 112 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2015.10.010 PN A PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DA4KJ UT WOS:000367768500015 PM 26722192 ER PT J AU Charnley, S Poe, MR Ager, AA Spies, TA Platt, EK Olsen, KA AF Charnley, Susan Poe, Melissa R. Ager, Alan A. Spies, Thomas A. Platt, Emily K. Olsen, Keith A. TI A Burning Problem: Social Dynamics of Disaster Risk Reduction through Wildfire Mitigation SO HUMAN ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE natural hazard mitigation; Forest Service; United States ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; UNITED-STATES; INLAND NORTHWEST; FUEL TREATMENTS; MANAGEMENT; FORESTS; VULNERABILITY; LANDSCAPES; HAZARDS; POLICY AB Disasters result from hazards affecting vulnerable people. Most disasters research by anthropologists focuses on vulnerability; this article focuses on natural hazards. We use the case of wildfire mitigation on United States Forest Service lands in the northwestern United States to examine social, political, and economic variables at multiple scales that influence fire hazard and risk reduction treatments and their effectiveness. Variables highlighted include policy direction to prioritize wildfire risk reduction in the wildland-urban interface, laws and policies that make treating fuels in some national forest land management allocations challenging, social and political constraints on using prescribed fire, agency budget and target pressures, and integrating fire hazard reduction into forest management projects having multiple objectives. These variables compromise the effectiveness of wildfire mitigation treatments. Understanding the social dynamics of natural hazard mitigation is important because they affect its outcomes, creating differential exposure to natural hazards-one component of social vulnerability. Interdisciplinary research to identify how the social dynamics of natural hazard mitigation influence hazard reduction outcomes can contribute to more informed and effective approaches to disaster risk reduction. C1 [Charnley, Susan; Ager, Alan A.; Spies, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Washington, DC 20252 USA. [Poe, Melissa R.] Univ Washington, Sea Grant Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Poe, Melissa R.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci tr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Platt, Emily K.] US Forest Serv, Reg 6, Washington, DC USA. [Olsen, Keith A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Charnley, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Washington, DC 20252 USA. FU National Science Foundation; Coupled Human and Natural Systems Program Grant [CHH-1013296]; National Fire Plan from the United States Forest Service FX Susan Charnley is a Research Social Scientist with the United States Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station. Melissa R. Poe is an Environmental Social Scientist with the University of Washington Sea Grant Program and liaison with NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center. Alan A. Ager is an Operations Research Analyst with the United States Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station. Thomas A. Spies is a Senior Scientist with the United States Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station. Emily K. Platt is a Planning Specialist with United States Forest Service Region 6. Keith A. Olsen is a Geographic Information Systems specialist at Oregon State University. This research was supported by a National Science Foundation, Coupled Human and Natural Systems Program Grant (CHH-1013296) and National Fire Plan funding from the United States Forest Service. The authors thank Kendra Wendel who provided essential help with data analysis and manuscript preparation. A.J. Faas, Roberto Barrios, and three anonymous reviewers provided excellent comments that greatly improved the article. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 16 PU SOC APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY PI OKLAHOMA CITY PA 3000 UNITED FOUNDERS BLVD, STE 148, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73112 USA SN 0018-7259 EI 1938-3525 J9 HUM ORGAN JI Hum. Organ. PD WIN PY 2015 VL 74 IS 4 BP 329 EP 340 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA DA5WR UT WOS:000367873800005 ER PT J AU Zhang, NF Pintar, AL AF Zhang, Nien Fan Pintar, Adam L. TI Monitoring Process Variability for Stationary Process Data SO QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE autocorrelated processes; average run length; exponentially weighted mean square; statistical process control; variance shift ID WEIGHTED MOVING VARIANCE; CONTROL CHARTS AB Processes that arise naturally, for example, from manufacturing or the environment, often exhibit complicated autocorrelation structures. When monitoring such a process for changes in variance, accounting for that structure is critical. While charts for monitoring the variance of processes of independent observations and some specific autocorrelated processes have been proposed in the past, the chart presented in this article can handle a general stationary process. The performance of the proposed chart was examined through simulations for the first-order autoregressive and first-order autoregressive-moving average processes and demonstrated with examples. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Nien Fan; Pintar, Adam L.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, NF (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zhang@nist.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0748-8017 EI 1099-1638 J9 QUAL RELIAB ENG INT JI Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1383 EP 1396 DI 10.1002/qre.1672 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA DB2TQ UT WOS:000368362900007 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, SC Lindeberg, MR Guthrie, DA AF Lindstrom, Sandra C. Lindeberg, Mandy R. Guthrie, Daniel A. TI Marine macroalgae of the Aleutian Islands: I. Bangiales SO ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Aleutian Islands; Bangiales; Boreophyllurn; Porphyra; Pyropia; rbcL ID ALASKAN PORPHYRA BANGIALES; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES; CONCHOCELIS PHASE; NORTH-AMERICA; RHODOPHYTA; BIOGEOGRAPHY; GROWTH AB We sequenced the rbcL gene in more than 100 collections of foliose Bangiales made in the Aleutian Islands and western Alaska Peninsula during the past 25 years. This work allows us to recognize four previously undescribed species, two in the genus Boreophyllurn and two in Pyropia. Boreophyllum aleuticum appears to be endemic to the Aleutian Islands, whereas B. ambiguum is known to occur from the Yakutat area to the tip of the Alaska Peninsula. The two previously undescribed species of Pyropia are more broadly distributed. Pyropia taeniata, which was previously identified under the name Py. pseudolinearis, occurs from northern Southeast Alaska through the Aleutian Islands. Pyropia unabbottiae, which is sister to Py. abbottiae, occurs from southern Vancouver Island to Attu Island. Collections throughout the Aleutian Islands allow us to document the distribution of another dozen species of foliose Bangiales in this region, including Boreophyllum aesti vale, Fuscifolium tasa, Pyropia fallax, Py. fucicola, Py. gardneri, Py. kurogii, Py. nereocystis, Py. pseudol-anceolata, Py. torta, Wildemania amplissima, W. norrisii, and W. variegata. We were unable to confirm the occurrence of the following species previously recorded from the Aleutian Islands: Porphya ochotensis, Pyropia abbottiae, Py. perforata, Py. pseudolinearis, P. purpurea, P. umbilicalis, Py. yezoensis and Wildemania schizophylla. At least two undescribed filamentous Bangiales also occur in the Aleutian Islands. C1 [Lindstrom, Sandra C.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Lindstrom, Sandra C.] Univ British Columbia, Beaty Biodivers Museum, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Lindeberg, Mandy R.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Guthrie, Daniel A.] Claremont Mckenna Coll, WM Keck Sci Dept, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Guthrie, Daniel A.] Scripps Coll, WM Keck Sci Dept, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Guthrie, Daniel A.] Pitzer Coll, WM Keck Sci Dept, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Lindstrom, SC (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, 3529-6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM Sandra.Lindstrom@botany.ubc.ca NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU KOREAN SOC PHYCOLOGY PI SEOUL PA B1F, TRUST TOWER, 275-7 YANGJAE-DONG, SEOCHO-KU, SEOUL, 137-739, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-2617 EI 2093-0860 J9 ALGAE-SEOUL JI Algae PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 4 BP 247 EP 263 DI 10.4490/algae.2015.30.4.247 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA2OY UT WOS:000367636900001 ER PT J AU La Mesa, M Catalano, B Jones, CD AF La Mesa, Mario Catalano, Barbara Jones, Christopher D. TI Early life history traits of Trematomus scotti in the Bransfield Strait SO ANTARCTIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE age and growth; Antarctic Peninsula; feeding; larvae; nototheniidae ID ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; CHAMPSOCEPHALUS-GUNNARI; AGE-DETERMINATION; MACKEREL ICEFISH; ADJACENT WATERS; SOUTH-GEORGIA; FISH; REGION; STRATEGIES; GROWTH AB Early life history traits of the blackfin notothen, Trematomus scotti, were investigated through otolith microincrement pattern and stomach content analyses. Post-larval specimens of 12-20 mm standard length (SL) were collected in the Bransfield Strait and adjacent waters during the 2010-11 summer. Catches were unevenly distributed across the surveyed area, yielding a relative abundance of 0.3-3.6 specimens per 1000 m(3) of filtered sea water. Age estimates ranged from 34 to 67 days, with good consistency and no apparent bias between readings. Based on an exponential model fitted to the age-length dataset, the growth rate was 0.17 mm day(-1), corresponding to a daily percentage increment in size of 1.07% SL. In agreement with previous studies, larval hatching occurred at a mean size of 9.0mm and was spread over a relatively short period, lasting from late December to late January. Prey composition consisted exclusively of copepods, mainly larval stages of copepodites. Feeding intensity ranged from 1-14 prey items per stomach, being positively correlated with larval fish size. In summary, T. scotti shares a common early life history strategy with several other notothenioids, consisting of small larvae hatching in summer and overwintering as pelagic early juveniles until the following summer season. C1 [La Mesa, Mario] Ist Sci Marine, ISMAR CNR, I-60125 Ancona, Italy. [Catalano, Barbara] Ist Super Protez & Ric Ambientale, ISPRA, I-00144 Rome, Italy. [Jones, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP La Mesa, M (reprint author), Ist Sci Marine, ISMAR CNR, I-60125 Ancona, Italy. EM m.lamesa@ismar.cnr.it FU PNRA (Italian National Program for Antarctic Research) [2009/A1.07] FX We thank the US AMLR and foreign scientific staff, and the crew members and personnel aboard the RV Moana Wave for their support in sampling activities. We would like to thank Esteban Barrera-Oro and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful advice on the earlier version of the manuscript. This study was carried out within the project 2009/A1.07 funded by the PNRA (Italian National Program for Antarctic Research). NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0954-1020 EI 1365-2079 J9 ANTARCT SCI JI Antarct. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 27 IS 6 BP 535 EP 542 DI 10.1017/S0954102015000280 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DA6HW UT WOS:000367904800003 ER PT J AU Lu, J Zhang, XK Li, PR Zhu, Y AF Lu, Jing Zhang, Xiakun Li, Peiren Zhu, Yu TI Case-Based FCTF Reasoning System SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL LA English DT Article DE case-based reasoning; from coarse to fine; reasoning system ID OCCAMS RAZOR; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; RAINFALL; VARIABILITY; DIAGNOSIS; PACIFIC; ESSENCE AB Case-based reasoning uses old information to infer the answer of new problems. In case-based reasoning, a reasoner firstly records the previous cases, then searches the previous case list that is similar to the current one and uses that to solve the new case. Case-based reasoning means adapting old solving solutions to new situations. This paper proposes a reasoning system based on the case-based reasoning method. To begin, we show the theoretical structure and algorithm of from coarse to fine (FCTF) reasoning system, and then demonstrate that it is possible to successfully learn and reason new information. Finally, we use our system to predict practical weather conditions based on previous ones and experiments show that the prediction accuracy increases with further learning of the FCTF reasoning system. C1 [Lu, Jing] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Comp & Software, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lu, Jing; Li, Peiren; Zhu, Yu] Shanxi Meteorol Adm, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xiakun] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xiakun] NOAA, NWS, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Zhang, XK (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM lujing19810629@hotmail.com; zhangxk@cma.gov.cn; lpr640221@163.com; zhuyu0351@gmail.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275116, 41375121, 41305079]; Scientific Research and Innovation Plan for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province, China [CXZZ13_0500]; Project of Shanxi Meteorological Administration for Leading Talented Person [SXKLJRY 20151005] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41275116, 41375121 and 41305079) and the Scientific Research and Innovation Plan for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province, China (No. CXZZ13_0500) and the Project of Shanxi Meteorological Administration for Leading Talented Person (No. SXKLJRY 20151005). NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2076-3417 J9 APPL SCI-BASEL JI Appl. Sci.-Basel PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 IS 4 BP 825 EP 839 DI 10.3390/app5040825 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA DA1AS UT WOS:000367529300012 ER PT J AU Mostafa, AA Zaazou, MH Chow, LC Mahmoud, AA Zaki, DY Basha, M Hamid, MAA Khallaf, ME Sharaf, NF Hamdy, TM AF Mostafa, Amany A. Zaazou, Mohamed H. Chow, Laurence C. Mahmoud, Azza A. Zaki, Dalia Y. Basha, Mona Hamid, Mohamed A. Abdel Khallaf, Maram E. Sharaf, Nehal F. Hamdy, Tamer M. TI Injectable nanoamorphous calcium phosphate based in situ gel systems for the treatment of periapical lesions SO BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE calcium phosphate; nanoparticle; bone healing; drug release; in vivo test ID ROOT-CANAL SEALERS; ENDODONTIC TREATMENT; BONE REGENERATION; DELIVERY-SYSTEM; HYDROXIDE; BIOACTIVITY; TISSUE; NANOPARTICLES; COMPOSITES; IBUPROFEN AB Nonsurgical local treatment of a periapical lesion arising from trauma or bacterial infection is a promising innovative approach. The present study investigated the feasibility of developing injectable amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (ACP NPs) and ACP NPs loaded with an anti-inflammatory drug; ibuprofen (IBU-ACP NPs) in the form of thermoreversible in situ gels to treat periapical lesions with the stimulation of bone formation. NPs were produced by a spray-drying technique. Different formulations of Poloxamer 407 were incorporated with/without the produced NPs to form injectable gels. A drug release study was carried out. A 3 month in vivo test on a dog model also was assessed. Results showed successful incorporation of the drug into the NPs of CP during spray drying. The particles had mean diameters varying from 100 to 200 nm with a narrow distribution. A drug release study demonstrated controlled IBU release from IBU-ACP NPs at a pH of 7.4 over 24 h. The gelation temperature of the injectable in situ gels based on Poloxamer 407 was measured to be 30 degrees C. After 3 months of implantation in dogs, the results clearly demonstrated that the inclusion of ACP NPs loaded with IBU showed high degrees of periapical bone healing and cementum layer deposition around the apical root tip. C1 [Mostafa, Amany A.] Natl Res Ctr, Biomat Dept, Cairo 12622, Egypt. [Mostafa, Amany A.; Mahmoud, Azza A.; Basha, Mona] Natl Res Ctr, MRCE, Nanomed & Tissue Engn Lab, Cairo 12622, Egypt. [Zaazou, Mohamed H.; Zaki, Dalia Y.; Khallaf, Maram E.; Sharaf, Nehal F.; Hamdy, Tamer M.] Natl Res Ctr, Endodont Restorat & Dent Mat Res Dept, Cairo 12622, Egypt. [Chow, Laurence C.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mahmoud, Azza A.; Basha, Mona; Hamid, Mohamed A. Abdel] Natl Res Ctr, Dept Pharmaceut Technol, Cairo 12622, Egypt. [Hamid, Mohamed A. Abdel] Cairo Univ, Fac Veternal Med, Vet Surg & Anaesthesiol & Radiol, Cairo, Egypt. RP Mostafa, AA (reprint author), Natl Res Ctr, Biomat Dept, El Bohouth St, Cairo 12622, Egypt. EM amany.mostafa@univ-rennes1.fr RI Mahmoud, Azza/S-1502-2016; OI Khallaf, Maram/0000-0003-0743-6387; Zaki, Dalia/0000-0002-4763-1382; Sharaf, Nehal/0000-0001-6505-2854; Hamdy, Tamer/0000-0003-0948-194X; Basha, Mona/0000-0003-1863-790X; Zaazou, Mohamed/0000-0003-3678-1323; Mostafa, Amany/0000-0003-4013-0742; Mahmoud, Azza/0000-0002-4716-7524 FU STDF [433]; National Research Centre, Egypt FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from STDF, under Grant Agreement No. 433 and the National Research Centre, Egypt. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-6041 EI 1748-605X J9 BIOMED MATER JI Biomed. Mater. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 AR 065006 DI 10.1088/1748-6041/10/6/065006 PG 14 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DA4VW UT WOS:000367801000006 PM 26541174 ER PT J AU Bjorkland, R Dunn, DC McClure, M Jannot, J Bellman, MA Gleason, M Schiffers, K AF Bjorkland, Rhema Dunn, Daniel C. McClure, Michelle Jannot, Jason Bellman, Marlene A. Gleason, Mary Schiffers, Katja TI Spatiotemporal patterns of rockfish bycatch in US west coast groundfish fisheries: opportunities for reducing incidental catch of depleted species SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AIC MODEL SELECTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; POINT-PROCESSES; TRAWL FISHERY; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; INFERENCE; QUOTAS AB Spatial and temporal management measures to reduce nontarget catch are important strategies for rebuilding overfished rockfish (Sebastes spp.) populations in the Northeast Pacific. We describe efforts to support reducing rockfish bycatch in central California trawl fisheries by testing the efficacy of move-on rules on catch data from 2002 to 2010. Move-on rules are regulations or guidelines that trigger the temporary closure of a fishery in a targeted area when a bycatch threshold is reached, without the closure of the entire fishery. Move-on rules based on spatiotemporal autocorrelation (clustering) were effective in reducing bycatch with modest impact on target catch, removing between 35% and 77% of future hauls with bycatch within a specified distance and time of a bycatch-containing haul, while foregoing target catch by an average of 12%. The spatial and temporal peak clustering scales show correlation with the level of schooling behavior by each species; however, the efficiency of the rules measured either in reduction in bycatch hauls or diminished target catch was not strongly affected by those aggregation behaviors. Our analysis provides information for fishers, such as those in the California Risk Pool, in the continuing development of responses that are more refined in both scale and impact. C1 [Bjorkland, Rhema; McClure, Michelle; Jannot, Jason; Bellman, Marlene A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Dunn, Daniel C.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Lab, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Gleason, Mary] Nature Conservancy, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Schiffers, Katja] Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Ecol Alpine, Evolut Modeling & Analyzing Biodivers Grp, UMR CNRS 5553, Grenoble 9, France. RP Bjorkland, R (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM rhemaker@hotmail.com RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015; OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719; Dunn, Daniel/0000-0001-8932-0681 FU National Research Council's Research Associate Program; NF-UBC Nereus Program FX We thank the anonymous reviewers whose insights and comments improved this manuscript. R. Bjorkland was supported by the National Research Council's Research Associate Program. D.C. Dunn was supported by the NF-UBC Nereus Program. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1835 EP 1846 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0242 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA1LF UT WOS:000367556600006 ER PT J AU Satterthwaite, WH Carlson, SM AF Satterthwaite, William H. Carlson, Stephanie M. TI Weakening portfolio effect strength in a hatchery-supplemented Chinook salmon population complex SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OCEAN SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GENETIC STOCK IDENTIFICATION; CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; NORTH-AMERICA; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; SOCKEYE-SALMON; TIME-SERIES; WEST-COAST; DIVERSITY AB Biocomplexity contributes to asynchronous population dynamics, buffering stock complexes in temporally variable environments, a phenomenon referred to as a "portfolio effect". We previously revealed a weakened but persistent portfolio effect in California's Central Valley fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), despite considerable degradation and loss of habitat. Here, we further explore the timing of changes in variability and synchrony and relate these changes to factors hypothesized to influence variability in adult abundance, including hatchery release practices and environmental variables. We found evidence for increasing synchrony among fall-run populations that coincided temporally with increased off-site hatchery releases into the estuary but not with increased North Pacific environmental variability (measured by North Pacific Gyre Oscillation), nor were common trends well explained by a suite of environmental covariates. Moreover, we did not observe a simultaneous increase in synchrony in the nearby Klamath-Trinity system, where nearly all hatchery releases are on-site. Wavelet analysis revealed that variability in production was higher and at a longer time period later in the time series, consistent with increased environmental forcing and a shift away from dynamics driven by natural spawners. C1 [Satterthwaite, William H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Carlson, Stephanie M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Satterthwaite, WH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM will.satterthwaite@noaa.gov OI Carlson, Stephanie/0000-0003-3055-6483 FU California Sea Grant [R/FISH-217]; CDFW-ERP [E1383002]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health project [218561] FX We thank California Sea Grant (R/FISH-217) and CDFW-ERP (Grant No. E1383002) for funding for this project. Additionally this work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health project 218561, to SMC. We thank Eric Huber for compiling the hatchery release data, Brian Wells for suggesting environmental covariates for analyses, and Simone Vincenzi for ideas and feedback. We thank Rachel Johnson, Michael O'Farrell, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1860 EP 1875 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0169 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA1LF UT WOS:000367556600009 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Ianelli, JN Munch, SB Ono, K Spencer, PD AF Thorson, James T. Ianelli, James N. Munch, Stephan B. Ono, Kotaro Spencer, Paul D. TI Spatial delay-difference models for estimating spatiotemporal variation in juvenile production and population abundance SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STOCK-ASSESSMENT MODELS; EFFECTIVE SAMPLE-SIZE; STATE-SPACE MODELS; FISHERY-MANAGEMENT; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ATLANTIC COD; COUNT DATA; DYNAMICS; RECRUITMENT AB Many important ecological questions require accounting for spatial variation in demographic rates (e.g., survival) and population variables (e.g., abundance per unit area). However, ecologists have few spatial modelling approaches that (i) fit directly to spatially referenced data, (ii) represent population dynamics explicitly and mechanistically, and (iii) estimate parameters using rigorous statistical methods. We therefore demonstrate a new and computationally efficient approach to spatial modelling that uses random fields in place of the random variables typically used in spatially aggregated models. We adapt this approach to delay-difference dynamics to estimate the impact of fishing and natural mortality, recruitment, and individual growth on spatial population dynamics for a fish population. In particular, we develop this approach to estimate spatial variation in average production of juvenile fishes (termed recruitment), as well as annual variation in the spatial distribution of recruitment. We first use a simulation experiment to demonstrate that the spatial delay-difference model can, in some cases, explain over 50% of spatial variance in recruitment. We also apply the spatial delay-difference model to data for rex sole (Glyptocephalus zachirus) in the Gulf of Alaska and show that average recruitment (across all years) is greatest near Kodiak Island but that some years show greatest recruitment in Southeast Alaska or the western Gulf of Alaska. Using model developments and software advances presented here, we argue that future research can develop models to approximate adult movement, incorporate spatial covariates to explain annual variation in recruitment, and evaluate management procedures that use spatially explicit estimates of population abundance. C1 [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ianelli, James N.; Spencer, Paul D.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Munch, Stephan B.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ono, Kotaro] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM James.Thorson@noaa.gov OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA10OAR4320148] FX We thank C. McGilliard for helpful discussions and editorial comments, as well as J. Hastie and M. McClure for comments on an earlier draft. We continue to commend K. Kristensen for developing the Template Model Builder software, without which this work would not be computationally feasible. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful and detailed comments that have substantially improved the clarity and presentation of the manuscript. K.O. was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2432. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1897 EP 1915 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0543 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA1LF UT WOS:000367556600012 ER PT J AU Oviatt, C Smith, L McManus, MC Hyde, K AF Oviatt, Candace Smith, Leslie McManus, M. Conor Hyde, Kimberly TI Decadal Patterns of Westerly Winds, Temperatures, Ocean Gyre Circulations and Fish Abundance: A Review SO CLIMATE LA English DT Review DE decadal climate patterns; ocean gyre circulation; decadal fish abundance ID INTERDECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SOUTH ATLANTIC; REGIME SHIFTS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; UPWELLING SYSTEM; SEA-ICE; TRENDS AB The purpose of this review is to describe the global scope of the multidecadal climate oscillations that go back at least, through several hundred years. Literature, historic data, satellite data and global circulation model output have been used to provide evidence for the zonal and meridional jet stream patterns. These patterns were predominantly zonal from the 1970s to 1990s and switched since the 1990s to a meridional wind phase, with weakening jet streams forming Rossby waves in the northern and southern hemispheres. A weakened northern jet stream has allowed northerly winds to flow down over the continents in the northern hemisphere during the winter period, causing some harsh winters and slowing anthropogenic climate warming regionally. Wind oscillations impact ocean gyre circulation affecting upwelling strength and pelagic fish abundance with synchronous behavior in sub Arctic gyres during phases of the oscillation and asynchronous behavior in subtropical gyres between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. C1 [Oviatt, Candace; McManus, M. Conor] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Smith, Leslie] Your Ocean Consulting LLC, Knoxville, TN 37921 USA. [McManus, M. Conor] RPS ASA, Kingston, RI 02879 USA. [Hyde, Kimberly] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Oviatt, C (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM coviatt@uri.edu; leslie.smith@youroceanconsulting.com; michael_mcmanus@my.uri.edu; kimberly.hyde@noaa.gov NR 104 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 16 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2225-1154 J9 CLIMATE JI Climate PD DEC PY 2015 VL 3 IS 4 BP 833 EP 857 DI 10.3390/cli3040833 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DA2DQ UT WOS:000367605900004 ER PT J AU Voas, J Hurlburt, G AF Voas, Jeffrey Hurlburt, George TI Third-Party Software's Trust Quagmire SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article C1 [Voas, Jeffrey] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hurlburt, George] STEMCorp, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Voas, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM j.voas@ieee.org; ghurlburt@change-index.com FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD DEC PY 2015 VL 48 IS 12 BP 80 EP 87 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA DA3IC UT WOS:000367689400011 PM 27110033 ER PT J AU Gordon, JA Novotny, DR Francis, MH Wittmann, RC Butler, ML Curtin, AE Guerrieri, JR AF Gordon, Joshua A. Novotny, David R. Francis, Michael H. Wittmann, Ronald C. Butler, Miranda L. Curtin, Alexandra E. Guerrieri, Jeffery R. TI Millimeter-Wave Near-Field Measurements Using Coordinated Robotics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Coordinated metrology; far-field (FF); laser tracker (LT); machine vision (MV); millimeter-wave (mm-wave); near-field; pattern; robotics AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently developed a new robotic scanning system for performing near-field measurements at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies above 100 GHz, the configurable robotic millimeter-wave antenna (CROMMA) facility. This cost-effective system is designed for high-frequency applications, is capable of scanning in multiple configurations, and is able to track measurement geometry at every point in a scan. The CROMMA combines real-time six-degree-of-freedom optical spatial metrology and robotic motion to achieve antenna positioning to within 25 mu m rms. A unified coordinated metrology approach is used to track all positional aspects of scanning. A vector network analyzer is used to capture amplitude and phase. We present spherical near-field measurements of the forward hemisphere of a 24-dBi standard gain horn at 183 GHz. Using the configurable scanning ability, two different scanning radii were used. Near-field data were taken at a 100-mm radius. Direct far-field measurements were also taken at 1000-mm radius. The E-and H-plane patterns are determined from the measurements and compared to theoretical patterns. We describe the system components of the CROMMA and the coordinated metrology approach used. An analysis of the positional repeatability and accuracy achievable is also presented. C1 [Gordon, Joshua A.; Novotny, David R.; Francis, Michael H.; Wittmann, Ronald C.; Butler, Miranda L.; Curtin, Alexandra E.; Guerrieri, Jeffery R.] NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gordon, JA (reprint author), NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM josh.gordon@nist.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 63 IS 12 BP 5351 EP 5362 DI 10.1109/TAP.2015.2496110 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DA3ZD UT WOS:000367739000010 ER PT J AU Orlova, TY Kameneva, PA Stonik, IV Morozova, TV Efimova, KV Moore, L Eberhart, BTL Wells, ML Trainer, VL AF Orlova, Tatiana Yu. Kameneva, Polina A. Stonik, Inna V. Morozova, Tatiana V. Efimova, Kseniya V. Moore, Leslie Eberhart, Bich-Thu L. Wells, Mark L. Trainer, Vera L. TI DIARRHETIC SHELLFISH TOXINS IN PRIMORSKY KRAI, RUSSIA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diarrhetic shellfish poisoning; DSP; DST; phycotoxins; okadaic acid; Dinophysis; harmful algal blooms; legislation; Russian Federation ID PHOSPHATASE INHIBITION ASSAY; OKADAIC ACID; LIPOPHILIC TOXINS; WASHINGTON-STATE; RIBOSOMAL DNA; DINOPHYSIS; MUSSELS AB Mariculture and recreational zones are expanding rapidly along the coast of Primorsky Krai in the Russian Far East, increasing the pressing need for monitoring of toxin-producing algae and seafood poisoning. One poisoning syndrome, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning has not been reported in this region, but its expansion to other subarctic waters has been observed. To our knowledge, the research here shows the first measures of diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DST) on the east coast of Russia. Mussels contained DST concentrations above the recommended regulatory level of 16 mu g/100 g shellfish at almost all sites sampled in the Primorsky Krai region, with maximum concentrations of 56.3 mu g/100 g. The primary DST isoform was dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1; 94%-100%) but minor amounts of okadaic acid (0%-6%) also were detected. Other lipophilic toxins measured in shellfish were yessotoxin, pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2), and azaspiracid-2; the last two toxins observed in Russian water for the first time. Phytoplankton samples dominated by Dinophysis acuminata contained DST, indicating that it was likely responsible for shellfish toxicity. Particulate seawater samples with Dinophysis contained 2.1-10.2 ng DTX-1/l and 6.5-101.8 ng PTX-2/l, corresponding to cellular concentrations of 3.1-5.6 pg DTX-1/cell and 9.6-46.7 pg PTX-2/cell. These findings provide a foundation for a Federal Monitoring Program for harmful algal blooms and phycotoxin control in seafood in Russia, and suggest that appropriate methods for both rapid screening and regulation of shellfish toxins should be established to ensure safe harvest in Russia. C1 [Orlova, Tatiana Yu.; Kameneva, Polina A.; Stonik, Inna V.; Morozova, Tatiana V.; Efimova, Kseniya V.] Russian Acad Sci, AV Zhirmunsky Inst Marine Biol, Far Eastern Branch, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. [Kameneva, Polina A.; Efimova, Kseniya V.] Far Eastern Fed Univ, Vladivostok 690950, Russia. [Moore, Leslie; Eberhart, Bich-Thu L.; Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wells, Mark L.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Orlova, TY (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AV Zhirmunsky Inst Marine Biol, Far Eastern Branch, 17 Palchevskogo St, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. EM torlova06@mail.ru RI Kameneva, Polina/N-4474-2016; Efimova, Kseniya/Q-3201-2016 OI Kameneva, Polina/0000-0002-5513-8221; Efimova, Kseniya/0000-0002-4339-8990 FU CRDF Global; Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences [RUB1-7063-VL-12, 15-I-6-012 o, 15-I-6-014 o]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [14-04-00860A]; Targeted Complex Program of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Biological Safety of Far Eastern Seas of the Russian Federation'' FX Financial support was provided by the CRDF Global and the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (project RUB1-7063-VL-12), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 14-04-00860A), the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (grants 15-I-6-012 o, 15-I-6-014 o), and the Targeted Complex Program of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Biological Safety of Far Eastern Seas of the Russian Federation''. We thank Linda Rhodes (NOAA, NWFSC) for her review of an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1151 EP 1160 DI 10.2983/035.034.0340 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA4BO UT WOS:000367745300040 ER PT J AU Guan, S Vignola, J Judge, J Turo, D AF Guan, Shane Vignola, Joseph Judge, John Turo, Diego TI Airgun inter-pulse noise field during a seismic survey in an Arctic ultra shallow marine environment SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ALASKAN BEAUFORT SEA; WHALES PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; MASKED HEARING THRESHOLDS; BROAD-BAND CALIBRATION; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION; SAKHALIN ISLAND; TEMPORARY SHIFT; BOWHEAD WHALES; EXPOSURE AB Offshore oil and gas exploration using seismic airguns generates intense underwater pulses that could cause marine mammal hearing impairment and/or behavioral disturbances. However, few studies have investigated the resulting multipath propagation and reverberation from airgun pulses. This research uses continuous acoustic recordings collected in the Arctic during a low-level open-water shallow marine seismic survey, to measure noise levels between airgun pulses. Two methods were used to quantify noise levels during these inter-pulse intervals. The first, based on calculating the root-mean-square sound pressure level in various sub-intervals, is referred to as the increment computation method, and the second, which employs the Hilbert transform to calculate instantaneous acoustic amplitudes, is referred to as the Hilbert transform method. Analyses using both methods yield similar results, showing that the inter-pulse sound field exceeds ambient noise levels by as much as 9 dB during relatively quiet conditions. Inter-pulse noise levels are also related to the source distance, probably due to the higher reverberant conditions of the very shallow water environment. These methods can be used to quantify acoustic environment impacts from anthropogenic transient noises (e.g., seismic pulses, impact pile driving, and sonar pings) and to address potential acoustic masking affecting marine mammals. C1 [Guan, Shane] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Guan, Shane; Vignola, Joseph; Judge, John; Turo, Diego] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Guan, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, 1315 East West Highway,SSMC-3 Suite 13826, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM shane.guan@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 138 IS 6 BP 3447 EP 3457 DI 10.1121/1.4936904 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA DA1DE UT WOS:000367535700015 ER PT J AU Jech, JM Horne, JK Chu, D Demer, DA Francis, DTI Gorska, N Jones, B Lavery, AC Stanton, TK Macaulay, GJ Reeder, DB Sawada, K AF Jech, J. Michael Horne, John K. Chu, Dezhang Demer, David A. Francis, David T. I. Gorska, Natalia Jones, Benjamin Lavery, Andone C. Stanton, Timothy K. Macaulay, Gavin J. Reeder, D. Benjamin Sawada, Kouichi TI Comparisons among ten models of acoustic backscattering used in aquatic ecosystem research SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TARGET-STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS; WAVE BORN APPROXIMATION; SOUND-SCATTERING; FINITE-LENGTH; INTEGRAL-EQUATION; FILLED CYLINDERS; ELASTIC OBJECTS; FISH; ZOOPLANKTON; RADIATION AB Analytical and numerical scattering models with accompanying digital representations are used increasingly to predict acoustic backscatter by fish and zooplankton in research and ecosystem monitoring applications. Ten such models were applied to targets with simple geometric shapes and parameterized (e.g., size and material properties) to represent biological organisms such as zooplankton and fish, and their predictions of acoustic backscatter were compared to those from exact or approximate analytical models, i.e., benchmarks. These comparisons were made for a sphere, spherical shell, prolate spheroid, and finite cylinder, each with homogeneous composition. For each shape, four target boundary conditions were considered: rigid-fixed, pressure-release, gas-filled, and weakly scattering. Target strength (dB re 1 m(2)) was calculated as a function of insonifying frequency (f = 12 to 400 kHz) and angle of incidence (theta = 0 degrees to 90 degrees). In general, the numerical models (i.e., boundary- and finite-element) matched the benchmarks over the full range of simulation parameters. While inherent errors associated with the approximate analytical models were illustrated, so were the advantages as they are computationally efficient and in certain cases, outperformed the numerical models under conditions where the numerical models did not converge. C1 [Jech, J. Michael] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Chu, Dezhang] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Demer, David A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Francis, David T. I.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Elect Elect & Syst Engn, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Gorska, Natalia] Univ Gdansk, Inst Oceanog, PL-81378 Gdynia, Poland. [Jones, Benjamin] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lavery, Andone C.; Stanton, Timothy K.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Macaulay, Gavin J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. [Reeder, D. Benjamin] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sawada, Kouichi] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Engn, Kamisu, Ibaraki 3140408, Japan. RP Jech, JM (reprint author), Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM michael.jech@noaa.gov OI Macaulay, Gavin/0000-0003-2518-6537 FU Office of Naval Research; National Oceanic Partnership Program FX This work was supported by the NOAA Fisheries Advanced Sampling Technologies Working Group, the Office of Naval Research, and the National Oceanic Partnership Program. Josiah S. Renfree, SWFSC, is thanked for computing the SDWBA predictions. K. Foote is thanked for comments and discussions. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for constructive comments. C. S. Clay and D. Van Holliday contributed not only to the early stages of this work, but also throughout their careers to establishing the foundation that produced this work. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 17 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 138 IS 6 BP 3742 EP 3764 DI 10.1121/1.4937607 PG 23 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA DA1DE UT WOS:000367535700042 PM 26723330 ER PT J AU Patrick, WS Link, JS AF Patrick, Wesley S. Link, Jason S. TI Hidden in plain sight: Using optimum yield as a policy framework to operationalize ecosystem-based fisheries management SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Optimum yield; Ecosystem based management; Fisheries; Ecosystem approaches to fisheries management; Ecosystem-based fisheries management ID MARINE RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; STRATEGY EVALUATION; FISH STOCKS; PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; PRODUCTION MODELS; GLOBAL FISHERIES; UNITED-STATES; WILD FISH; CONSERVATION AB An often-cited impediment to the operationalization of ecosystem-based fisheries management is the lack of a governance structure that explicitly provides the authority and framework for implementing this holistic approach to fisheries management. However within the United States and elsewhere in the world, the concept of optimum yield appears to be an explicit mandate and framework that can and should be used to operationalize ecosystem-based fisheries management. This optimum yield policy has been hidden in plain sight for close to 40 years, largely due to happenstance, as other factors facing society-at-large have masked the original intent behind this concept. This paper describes the similarities between optimum yield and ecosystem-based fisheries management, how it has been overlooked in the past, and how the concept can be used to operationalize ecosystem-based fisheries management Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Patrick, Wesley S.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Link, Jason S.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Assistant Administrator, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Patrick, WS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Off Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Wesley.Patrick@noaa.gov NR 108 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.08.014 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA DA0KG UT WOS:000367485400008 ER PT J AU Walden, J Fissel, B Squires, D Vestergaard, N AF Walden, John Fissel, Ben Squires, Dale Vestergaard, Niels TI Productivity change in commercial fisheries: An introduction to the special issue SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Productivity; Fisheries; Index numbers ID PROPERTY-RIGHTS; TRAWL FISHERY; INDUSTRIES; GROWTH AB Productivity is a key economic indicator that measures the relationship between inputs used to produce a product, and the amount of product produced. Productivity change measures how productivity has changed through time. In traditional land based industries, these two economic metrics have been extensively measured and studied. Until recently, this has not been true for commercial fishing fleets. This article provides an overview of productivity as an economic performance metric, and highlights specific studies of productivity change in commercial fisheries during the past 50 years. It concludes with an introduction to the articles contained in this special edition. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Walden, John] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fissel, Ben] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Squires, Dale] Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Walden, J (reprint author), Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM John.Walden@Noaa.Gov; ben.fissel@noaa.gov; Dale.Squires@Noaa.Gov; nv@sam.sdu.dk OI Vestergaard, Niels/0000-0001-9270-2461 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 BP 289 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.06.019 PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA DA0KG UT WOS:000367485400033 ER PT J AU Thunberg, E Walden, J Agar, J Felthoven, R Harley, A Kasperski, S Lee, J Lee, T Mamula, A Stephen, J Strelcheck, A AF Thunberg, Eric Walden, John Agar, Juan Felthoven, Ron Harley, Abigail Kasperski, Stephen Lee, Jean Lee, Todd Mamula, Aaron Stephen, Jessica Strelcheck, Andy TI Measuring changes in multi-factor productivity in US catch share fisheries SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Performance measures; Fishery productivity; Lowe index; Catch shares ID TRAWL FISHERY; MANAGEMENT; COMPONENTS; POLLOCK; GROWTH AB By ending the "race to fish" catch share programs may be expected to lead to improved productivity at the fishery level by retiring redundant capital and by allowing fishing firms to become more technically efficient in their harvesting activities by, among other things, changing the composition of inputs and outputs. Yet, there have been relatively few empirical studies of productivity changes in catch share fisheries and no comprehensive treatment of a cross-section of programs using a common measure of productivity change. In this study estimates of multi-factor productivity change for 20 catch share fisheries in the U.S. using a Lowe index are provided. With few exceptions, productivity increased relative to baseline conditions during the first three years of catch share program implementation. For five of six of the most established catch share programs, these initial productivity gains have been maintained or have continued to improve. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Thunberg, Eric] NOAA, Fisheries Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Walden, John] NOAA, Fisheries Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Agar, Juan] NOAA, Fisheries Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Felthoven, Ron; Kasperski, Stephen; Lee, Jean] NOAA, Fisheries Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Harley, Abigail; Lee, Todd] NOAA, Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Mamula, Aaron] NOAA, Fisheries Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Stephen, Jessica; Strelcheck, Andy] NOAA, Fisheries Southeast Reg Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Thunberg, E (reprint author), Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Eric.Thunberg@NOAA.GOV NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 BP 294 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.05.008 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA DA0KG UT WOS:000367485400034 ER PT J AU Pan, ML Walden, J AF Pan, Minling Walden, John TI Measuring Productivity in a Shared Stock Fishery: A Case Study of the Hawaii Long line Fishery SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Productivity; Lowe index; Biased and unbiased measurement; Hawaii longline fishery AB Fisheries productivity is the result of many factors, including endogenous and exogenous elements, such as regulation and stock condition. Understanding changes in productivity and the factors affecting that change is important to fishery management and a sustainable fishing industry. However, no study has been conducted to measure productivity change in the Hawaii longline fishery, the largest fresh bigeye tuna and swordfish producer in the United Stated. Using a Lowe productivity index, productivity change in the Hawaii longline fleet between 2000 and 2012 is measured in this study. In addition, a biomass quantity index is constructed to disentangle biomass impacts in a pelagic environment in order to arrive at an "unbiased" productivity metric. This is particularly important in the Hawaii longline fishery where catches rely mostly on transboundary (shared) stocks with little control on the total amount of extraction. As resource depletion of the transboundary stocks occurs, productivity loss may follow if less output is obtained from the same input usage, or more inputs are used to extract the same catch level from the fishery. Finally, the study compares productivity change under different fishing technologies. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Pan, Minling] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Walden, John] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Pan, ML (reprint author), 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM minling.pan@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 BP 302 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.07.018 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA DA0KG UT WOS:000367485400035 ER PT J AU Squires, D Vestergaard, N AF Squires, Dale Vestergaard, Niels TI Productivity growth, catchability, stock assessments, and optimum renewable resource use SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Productivity; Catchability; Bioeconomics; Stock assessments; Maximum economic yield; Identification ID COMMON-PROPERTY RESOURCE; TECHNICAL CHANGE; ECONOMIC-THEORY; CATCH; FISHERY; INDEX; MODELS AB Productivity growth substantially impacts rent-maximizing resource stocks, and can lead to an economic optimum that has overfished stocks: BMEY225 cm (stretched total length, L-ST) suggesting that it is not used as a nursery area. Pristis pectinata in Andros ranged from c. 80 to 450 cm (L-ST) indicating that this island might be an important nursery and breeding habitat. Pristis pectinata tracked in both islands remained at depths <3 m, often adjacent to mangrove habitats, displaying residency from 42 days (Bimini) to 180 days (Andros). These preliminary findings confirm the Bahamas as an important habitat for P. pectinata and emphasize the urgent need for national protection and management of this population. C1 [Guttridge, T. L.; Gruber, S. H.; Johnson, G.] Bimini Biol Field Stn Fdn, Bimini, Bahamas. [Gulak, S. J. B.; Carlson, J. K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL USA. [Franks, B. R.] Florida Southern Coll, Lakeland, FL 33801 USA. [Gruber, S. H.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Gledhill, K. S.] South African Shark Conservancy, Old Harbour Museum, ZA-7200 Hermanus, South Africa. [Bond, M. E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Inst Ocean Conservat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Grubbs, R. D.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. RP Guttridge, TL (reprint author), Bimini Biol Field Stn Fdn, Bimini, Bahamas. EM tristangut-tridge@gmail.com FU Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation (BBFSF); Save Our Seas Foundation Keystone Grant; National Geographic Expeditions Council; Moore Charitable Foundation; Rackley Family Foundation FX This work was supported in part by the Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation (BBFSF) and the Save Our Seas Foundation Keystone Grant awarded to T.L.G. and S.H.G. We wish to acknowledge the Commonwealth of the Bahamas Department of Fisheries for issuing permits that allow us to work in the islands of Bimini and Andros. A permit (no: MAF/LIA/22) to conduct scientific marine animal research was supplied by the Department of Marine Resources, Bahamas. Further, we acknowledge staff and volunteers at BBFSF for reporting sightings and facilitating capture and tracking of sawfish. Funding for Andros work was supported by grants from the National Geographic Expeditions Council, A. Luskey and the M.Y. Sirenuse, the Moore Charitable Foundation and the Rackley Family Foundation. We are especially indebted to C. Bethel and C. Rimstad and the guides of the Flamingo Cay Rod and Gun Club for facilitating the Andros based research. We also thank D. Chapman, I. Hamilton, D. Bethea, J. Imhoff, M. Kolmann, S. Fordham and K. Smith for research assistance in Andros. For sighting information, we thank N. Watson Jr., B. Purdy, D. Claridge, E. Brooks, S. Cove, C. Hamby, B. Stratham, B. Hardy, J. Marion, P. Meyer, G. Willis and A. Saunders. BBFSF also wishes to thank the Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation, Sundance, Mercury Engines and Davey Marine. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 87 IS 6 SI SI BP 1322 EP 1341 DI 10.1111/jfb.12825 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CZ8DI UT WOS:000367329900005 PM 26709210 ER PT J AU Bajcsy, P Simon, M Florczyk, SJ Simon, CG Juba, D Brady, MC AF Bajcsy, P. Simon, M. Florczyk, S. J. . Simon, C. G., Jr. Juba, D. Brady, M. C. TI A method for the evaluation of thousands of automated 3D stem cell segmentations SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE confocal imaging; sampling; 3D segmentation; segmentation evaluation; stem cells; visual verification ID IMAGE SEGMENTATION; MICROSCOPY; ALGORITHMS; NUCLEI AB There is no segmentation method that performs perfectly with any dataset in comparison to human segmentation. Evaluation procedures for segmentation algorithms become critical for their selection. The problems associated with segmentation performance evaluations and visual verification of segmentation results are exaggerated when dealing with thousands of three-dimensional (3D) image volumes because of the amount of computation and manual inputs needed. We address the problem of evaluating 3D segmentation performance when segmentation is applied to thousands of confocal microscopy images (z-stacks). Our approach is to incorporate experimental imaging and geometrical criteria, and map them into computationally efficient segmentation algorithms that can be applied to a very large number of z-stacks. This is an alternative approach to considering existing segmentation methods and evaluating most state-of-the-art algorithms. We designed a methodology for 3D segmentation performance characterization that consists of design, evaluation and verification steps. The characterization integrates manual inputs from projected surrogate 'ground truth' of statistically representative samples and from visual inspection into the evaluation. The novelty of the methodology lies in (1) designing candidate segmentation algorithms by mapping imaging and geometrical criteria into algorithmic steps, and constructing plausible segmentation algorithms with respect to the order of algorithmic steps and their parameters, (2) evaluating segmentation accuracy using samples drawn from probability distribution estimates of candidate segmentations and (3) minimizing human labour needed to create surrogate 'truth' by approximating z-stack segmentations with 2D contours from three orthogonal z-stack projections and by developing visual verification tools. We demonstrate the methodology by applying it to a dataset of 1253 mesenchymal stem cells. The cells reside on 10 different types of biomaterial scaffolds, and are stained for actin and nucleus yielding 128 460 image frames (on average, 125 cells/scaffold x 10 scaffold types x 2 stains x 51 frames/cell). After constructing and evaluating six candidates of 3D segmentation algorithms, the most accurate 3D segmentation algorithm achieved an average precision of 0.82 and an accuracy of 0.84 as measured by the Dice similarity index where values greater than 0.7 indicate a good spatial overlap. A probability of segmentation success was 0.85 based on visual verification, and a computation time was 42.3 h to process all z-stacks. While the most accurate segmentation technique was 4.2 times slower than the second most accurate algorithm, it consumed on average 9.65 times less memory per z-stack segmentation. C1 [Bajcsy, P.; Simon, M.; Florczyk, S. J. .; Simon, C. G., Jr.; Juba, D.; Brady, M. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bajcsy, P (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.bajcsy@nist.gov FU NIST; National Research Council FX This work has been supported by NIST. We would like to acknowledge the team members of the computational science in biological metrology project at NIST for providing invaluable inputs to our work. We would also like to acknowledge the NIST SHIP and SURF program students, Andrew Wang and Jacob Siegel, who worked on the 3D Web-based visualization during the summer of 2014, and Dr. James Filliben from NIST for providing excellent review comments on the manuscript. S.F. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Research Council. The cells (hBMSCs) employed in this work were purchased from the Tulane Center for Gene Therapy (NCRR-NIH P40RR017447). NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-2720 EI 1365-2818 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 260 IS 3 BP 363 EP 376 DI 10.1111/jmi.12303 PG 14 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA CZ4RS UT WOS:000367091000013 PM 26268699 ER PT J AU Whitall, D Pait, A Hartwell, SI AF Whitall, David Pait, Anthony Hartwell, S. Ian TI Chemical contaminants in surficial sediment in Coral and Fish Bays, St. John, US Virgin Islands SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Reefs; Pollution monitoring; Sediment pollution; Heavy metals; Pesticides; Organotins; Hydrocarbons ID PUERTO-RICO; JOBOS BAY; MARINE; POLLUTION AB Land based sources of pollution have the potential to negatively impact coral reef ecosystems. Many coral systems, including environmentally sensitive marine protected areas, do not have assessments of their chemical contaminant status (magnitude and extent). Without a status assessment, it is impossible to measure change in a system. This study presents surficial sediment data from Coral and Fish Bays (St. John, US Virgin Islands (USVI)). Portions of these bays are included in Virgin Islands National Park, and Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument. A suite of analytes (PCBs, PAHs, pesticides, heavy metals, butyltins) was quantified and compared against other regional data and against previously published sediment quality guidelines (SQG). Contamination from toxic contaminants in the system was generally low when compared to other similar studies and potential toxicity thresholds (SQG). Exceptions to this were copper and total chlordane which exceeded the Effects Range Low (ERL) sediment quality guideline, indicating possible sediment toxicity. This assessment will be useful to coastal managers for tracking environmental change, and ensuring that this marine protected area remains relatively free from toxic contamination. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Whitall, David; Pait, Anthony; Hartwell, S. Ian] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Tulsa, OK USA. RP Whitall, D (reprint author), N-SCI 1,1305 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dave.whitall@noaa.gov FU Caribbean Coral Reef Institute [N-CCMA-12-10]; NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science FX This work was funded by the Caribbean Coral Reef Institute (Project #: N-CCMA-12-10), with personnel support from NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. The authors would like to thank Greg Piniak, Suzanne Bricker and Andrew Mason (NOAA) for their helpful editorial comments, and David Olsen (St. Thomas Fishermen's Association) for help coordinating boat support. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 EI 1879-0291 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 112 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.08.001 PN A PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA CZ3RL UT WOS:000367021600001 PM 26427342 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL AF Rukhin, Andrew L. TI Bias detection and certified reference materials for random measurands SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE bartlett correction; compatibilityy assessment; confidence interval; higher order asymptotic infeence; necessary sample size; skovgaard statistic ID MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY; 2 LABORATORIES; COMPATIBILITY AB A problem that frequently occurs in metrology is the bias checking of data obtained by a laboratory against the specified value and uncertainty estimate given in the certificate of analysis. The measurand-a property of a certified reference material (CRM)-is supposed to be random with a normal distribution whose parameters are given by the certificate specifications. The laboratory's data from subsequent measurements of the CRM (a CRM experiment) are summarized by the sample mean value and its uncertainty which is commonly based on a repeatability standard deviation. New confidence intervals for the lab's bias are derived. Although they may lack intuitive appeal, those obtained by using higher order asymptotic methods, compared and contrasted in this paper, are recommended. C1 [Rukhin, Andrew L.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2015 VL 52 IS 6 BP 811 EP 818 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/52/6/811 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CZ1WW UT WOS:000366897600011 ER PT J AU Bronnimann, S Fischer, AM Rozanov, E Poli, P Compo, GP Sardeshmukh, PD AF Broennimann, Stefan Fischer, Andreas M. Rozanov, Eugene Poli, Paul Compo, Gilbert P. Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. TI Southward shift of the northern tropical belt from 1945 to 1980 SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; 20TH-CENTURY; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; OZONE; EXPANSION; CENTURIES; AEROSOLS; WIDTH AB Changes in the position and width of the tropical belt are societally and ecologically relevant, because they are associated with shifts of the subtropical dry zones. The tropical belt has widened since about 1980, but little is known about its earlier variability. Here we analyse historical surface and upper-level observations, three global reanalysis data sets, and a reconstruction of total column ozone, to show that the northern tropical edge retracted from 1945 to 1980, while the northern Hadley cell shifted southwards in both summer and winter. We present chemistry-climate model simulations that reproduce the retraction and southward shift. We find that retraction of the tropical belt was largely due to cooling sea-surface temperatures north of the Equator and warming south of the Equator, most prominently over the Atlantic. Substantial hydroclimatic anomalies such as European droughts of the 1940s and 1950s and the Sahel drought of the 1970s were associated with this shift of the Hadley cell. Our results suggest that multidecadal changes in the position of the northern Hadley cell are an important component of climate variability. C1 [Broennimann, Stefan] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Broennimann, Stefan] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Fischer, Andreas M.] Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol MeteoSwiss, CH-8058 Zurich, Switzerland. [Rozanov, Eugene] World Radiat Ctr PMOD WRC, Phys Meteorol Observ, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Rozanov, Eugene] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Poli, Paul] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Compo, Gilbert P.; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Compo, Gilbert P.; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Phys Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bronnimann, S (reprint author), Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM stefan.broennimann@giub.unibe.ch RI Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; OI Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633; Poli, Paul/0000-0002-8392-6524; Bronnimann, Stefan/0000-0001-9502-7991 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [130407, 147659]; EU FP7 project ERA-CLIM2 [607029]; ERC Grant TITAN [320691] FX The authors wish to acknowledge support by the Swiss National Science Foundation (projects EVALUATE (130407) and FUPSOL-II (147659)), EU FP7 project ERA-CLIM2 (607029) and ERC Grant TITAN (320691). Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project data set is provided by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) programme, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. We wish to thank all data providers. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 969 EP U110 DI 10.1038/NGEO2568 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CZ6GW UT WOS:000367200200023 ER PT J AU Wassmann, P Kosobokova, KN Slagstad, D Drinkvvater, KF Hoperoft, RR Moore, SE Ellingsen, I Nelson, RJ Carmack, E Popova, E Berge, J AF Wassmann, P. Kosobokova, K. N. Slagstad, D. Drinkvvater, K. F. Hoperoft, R. R. Moore, S. E. Ellingsen, I. Nelson, R. J. Carmack, E. Popova, E. Berge, J. TI The contiguous domains of Arctic Ocean advection: Trails of life and death SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID BOWHEAD WHALE DISTRIBUTION; COPEPOD CALANUS-GLACIALIS; NORTHEASTERN CHUKCHI SEA; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; PELAGIC FOOD WEBS; BARENTS SEA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC WATER; CANADA BASIN; ZOOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION AB The central Arctic Ocean is not isolated, but tightly connected to the northern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Advection of nutrient-, detritus- and plankton-rich waters into the Arctic Ocean forms lengthy contiguous domains that connect subarctic with the arctic biota, supporting both primary production and higher trophic level consumers. In turn, the Arctic influences the physical, chemical and biological oceanography of adjacent subarctic waters through southward fluxes. However, exports of biomass out of the Arctic Ocean into both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans are thought to be far smaller than the northward influx. Thus, Arctic Ocean ecosystems are net biomass beneficiaries through advection. The biotic impact of Atlantic- and Pacific-origin taxa in arctic waters depends on the total supply of allochthonously-produced biomass, their ability to survive as adults and their (unsuccessful) reproduction in the new environment. Thus, advective transport can be thought of as trails of life and death in the Arctic Ocean. Through direct and indirect (mammal stomachs, models) observations this overview presents information about the advection and fate of zooplankton in the Arctic Ocean, now and in the future. The main zooplankton organisms subjected to advection into and inside the Arctic Ocean are (a) oceanic expatriates of boreal Atlantic and Pacific origin, (b) oceanic Arctic residents and (c) neritic Arctic expatriates. As compared to the Pacific gateway the advective supply of zooplankton biomass through the Atlantic gateways is 2-3 times higher. Advection characterises how the main planktonic organisms interact along the contiguous domains and shows how the subarctic production regimes fuel life in the Arctic Ocean. The main differences in the advective regimes through the Pacific and Atlantic gateways are presented. The Arctic Ocean is, at least in some regions, a net heterotrophic ocean that during the foreseeable global warming trend will more and more rely on an increasing local primary production while the advection of zooplankton, as revealed by models, will cease. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wassmann, P.; Berge, J.] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Fac Biosci Fisheries & Econ, Inst Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Kosobokova, K. N.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117851, Russia. [Slagstad, D.; Ellingsen, I.] SINTEF Fisheries & Aquaculture, N-7466 Trondheim, Norway. [Drinkvvater, K. F.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Hoperoft, R. R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Moore, S. E.] NOAA, Fisheries Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Nelson, R. J.; Carmack, E.] Fisheries Oceans Canada Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Popova, E.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RP Wassmann, P (reprint author), UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Fac Biosci Fisheries & Econ, Inst Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. EM paul.wassmann@uit.no RI Popova, Ekaterina/B-4520-2012 FU Research Council of Norway [226415/E10]; U.S. National Science Foundation [OPP-0909571]; NOAA [NA13OAR4320056]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [13-04-00551] FX This publication is a contribution to the project Carbon Bridge funded by the Research Council of Norway (Contract # 226415/E10). It is also a contribution of the ARCTic marine ecOSystem research network, ARCTOS (www.arctosresearch.net), a northern-Norwegian network that emphasizes interdisciplinary approaches to addressing large-scale and pan-Arctic questions in marine arctic oceanography. Part of the writing was carried out at the Faro de Cap Salines research laboratory, Mallorca. PW thanks IMEDEA and in particular Carlos M. Duarte for the hospitality. KD's contribution is part of the work of the Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Seas (ESSAS) WG on Arctic-Subarctic Interactions. RRH was supported under U.S. National Science Foundation Grant OPP-0909571 and NOAA cooperative agreement NA13OAR4320056. KNK was supported under Russian Foundation for Basic Research Grant 13-04-00551. NR 206 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 17 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 139 SI SI BP 42 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.06.011 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CZ1NV UT WOS:000366873500004 ER PT J AU Qian, WH Du, J Shan, XL Jiang, N AF Qian, Weihong Du, Jun Shan, Xiaolong Jiang, Ning TI Incorporating the Effects of Moisture into a Dynamical Parameter: Moist Vorticity and Moist Divergence SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Forecasting; Forecasting techniques ID CONDITIONAL SYMMETRIC INSTABILITY; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; CYCLONES; INDEXES; SYSTEM AB Properly including moisture effects into a dynamical parameter can significantly increase the parameter's ability to diagnose heavy rain locations. The relative humidity-based weighting approach used to extend the moist potential vorticity (MPV) to the generalized moist potential vorticity (GMPV) is analyzed and demonstrates such an improvement. Following the same approach, two new diagnostic parameters, moist vorticity (MV) and moist divergence (MD), have been proposed in this study by incorporating moisture effects into the traditional vorticity and divergence. A regional heavy rain event that occurred along the Yangtze River on 1 July 1991 is used as a case study, and 41 daily regional heavy rain events during the notorious flooding year of 1998 in eastern China are used for a systematic evaluation. Results show that after the moisture effects were properly incorporated, the improved ability of all three parameters to capture a heavy rain area is significant (statistically at the 99% confidence level): the GMPV is improved over the MPV by 194%, the MD over the divergence by 60%, and the MV over the vorticity by 34% in terms of the threat score (TS). The average TS is 0.270 for the MD, 0.262 for the MV, and 0.188 for the GMPV. Application of the MV and MD to assess heavy rain potential is not intended to replace a complete, multiscale forecasting methodology; however, the results from this study suggest that the MV and MD could be used to postprocess a model forecast to potentially improve heavy rain location predictions. C1 [Qian, Weihong; Shan, Xiaolong; Jiang, Ning] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Du, Jun] NOAA, NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Qian, WH (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM qianwh@pku.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41375073]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA0509400]; Key Technologies RD Program [201306032] FX The authors wish to thank the editors and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the paper. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41375073), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA0509400), and the Key Technologies R&D Program (201306032). Ms. Mary Hart of NCEP is appreciated for her help in improving the readability of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1411 EP 1428 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00154.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3DR UT WOS:000366985100002 ER PT J AU Karstens, CD Stumpf, G Ling, C Hua, LS Kingfield, D Smith, TM Correia, J Calhoun, K Ortega, K Melick, C Rothfusz, LP AF Karstens, Christopher D. Stumpf, Greg Ling, Chen Hua, Lesheng Kingfield, Darrel Smith, Travis M. Correia, James, Jr. Calhoun, Kristin Ortega, Kiel Melick, Chris Rothfusz, Lans P. TI Evaluation of a Probabilistic Forecasting Methodology for Severe Convective Weather in the 2014 Hazardous Weather Testbed SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WARN-ON-FORECAST; TORNADO WARNINGS; DECISION-MAKING; RADAR DATA; CHALLENGES; WSR-88D AB A proposed new method for hazard identification and prediction was evaluated with forecasters in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hazardous Weather Testbed during 2014. This method combines hazard-following objects with forecaster-issued trends of exceedance probabilities to produce probabilistic hazard information, as opposed to the static, deterministic polygon and attendant text product methodology presently employed by the National Weather Service to issue severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings. Three components of the test bed activities are discussed: usage of the new tools, verification of storm-based warnings and probabilistic forecasts from a control-test experiment, and subjective feedback on the proposed paradigm change. Forecasters were able to quickly adapt to the new tools and concepts and ultimately produced probabilistic hazard information in a timely manner. The probabilistic forecasts from two severe hail events tested in a control-test experiment were more skillful than storm-based warnings and were found to have reliability in the low-probability spectrum. False alarm area decreased while the traditional verification metrics degraded with increasing probability thresholds. The latter finding is attributable to a limitation in applying the current verification methodology to probabilistic forecasts. Relaxation of on-the-fence decisions exposed a need to provide information for hazard areas below the decision-point thresholds of current warnings. Automated guidance information was helpful in combating potential workload issues, and forecasters raised a need for improved guidance and training to inform consistent and reliable forecasts. C1 [Karstens, Christopher D.; Stumpf, Greg; Kingfield, Darrel; Smith, Travis M.; Correia, James, Jr.; Calhoun, Kristin; Ortega, Kiel; Melick, Chris] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Karstens, Christopher D.; Kingfield, Darrel; Smith, Travis M.; Calhoun, Kristin; Ortega, Kiel; Rothfusz, Lans P.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Stumpf, Greg] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ling, Chen] Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Hua, Lesheng] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Correia, James, Jr.; Melick, Chris] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Karstens, CD (reprint author), NSSL WRDD, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM chris.karstens@noaa.gov FU NOAA [NA11OAR320072]; NSSL; MDL; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX The authors thank Elizabeth Mintmire, Valliappa Lakshmanan, Jim LaDue, Harold Brooks, Patrick Marsh, Mike Magsig, Jack Kain, Adam Clark, Mike Coniglio, Lou Wicker, Tracy Hansen, Kevin Manross, Bryon Lawrence, and Kim Elmore for their helpful guidance and suggestions to this project. Additionally, the authors thank the six NWS forecasters who participated in the HWT experiment for their diligent efforts and honest feedback aimed at improving the prototype PHI tool and making progress toward the FACETs vision. This manuscript was substantially improved thanks to the constructive comments of Dr. Mathew Bunkers, Phillip Schumacher, and two anonymous reviewers. Partial support for this research was provided by NOAA (Grant NA11OAR320072), NSSL, and MDL. Additionally, this paper was prepared by CDK with funding provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1551 EP 1570 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00163.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3DX UT WOS:000366985700006 ER PT J AU Clark, AJ MacKenzie, A McGovern, A Lakshmanan, V Brown, RA AF Clark, Adam J. MacKenzie, Andrew McGovern, Amy Lakshmanan, Valliappa Brown, Rodger A. TI An Automated, Multiparameter Dryline Identification Algorithm SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; YAMADA LEVEL-3 MODEL; OPERATIONAL NAM; PART I; VERIFICATION; PREDICTION; FORECASTS; POSITION; COPS-91 AB Moisture boundaries, or drylines, are common over the southern U.S. high plains and are one of the most important airmass boundaries for convective initiation over this region. In favorable environments, drylines can initiate storms that produce strong and violent tornadoes, large hail, lightning, and heavy rainfall. Despite their importance, there are few studies documenting climatological dryline location and frequency, or performing systematic dryline forecast evaluation, which likely stems from difficulties in objectively identifying drylines over large datasets. Previous studies have employed tedious manual identification procedures. This study aims to streamline dryline identification by developing an automated, multiparameter algorithm, which applies image-processing and pattern recognition techniques to various meteorological fields and their gradients to identify drylines. The algorithm is applied to five years of high-resolution 24-h forecasts from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations valid April-June 2007-11. Manually identified dryline positions, which were available from a previous study using the same dataset, are used as truth to evaluate the algorithm performance. Generally, the algorithm performed very well. High probability of detection (POD) scores indicated that the majority of drylines were identified by the method. However, a relatively high false alarm ratio (FAR) was also found, indicating that a large number of nondryline features were also identified. Preliminary use of random forests (a machine learning technique) significantly decreased the FAR, while minimally impacting the POD. The algorithm lays the groundwork for applications including model evaluation and operational forecasting, and should enable efficient analysis of drylines from very large datasets. C1 [Clark, Adam J.; Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Brown, Rodger A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Clark, Adam J.; Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Brown, Rodger A.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [MacKenzie, Andrew; McGovern, Amy] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [McGovern, Amy] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Clark, AJ (reprint author), NSSL FRDD, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM adam.clark@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. In addition, three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments to improve the manuscript. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1781 EP 1794 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0070.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3ET UT WOS:000366987900002 ER PT J AU Wheatley, DM Knopfmeier, KH Jones, TA Creager, GJ AF Wheatley, Dustan M. Knopfmeier, Kent H. Jones, Thomas A. Creager, Gerald J. TI Storm-Scale Data Assimilation and Ensemble Forecasting with the NSSL Experimental Warn-on-Forecast System. Part I: Radar Data Experiments SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; KALMAN FILTER ASSIMILATION; MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS; MICROPHYSICS SCHEMES; INITIAL CONDITION; OKLAHOMA; MODEL; SUPERCELL; IMPACT AB This first part of a two-part study on storm-scale radar and satellite data assimilation provides an overview of a multicase study conducted as part of the NOAA Warn-on-Forecast (WoF) project. The NSSL Experimental WoF System for ensembles (NEWS-e) is used to produce storm-scale analyses and forecasts of six diverse severe weather events from spring 2013 and 2014. In this study, only Doppler reflectivity and radial velocity observations (and, when available, surface mesonet data) are assimilated into a 36-member, storm-scale ensemble using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approach. A series of 1-h ensemble forecasts are then initialized from storm-scale analyses during the 1-h period preceding the onset of storm reports. Of particular interest is the ability of these 0-1-h ensemble forecasts to reproduce the low-level rotational characteristics of supercell thunderstorms, as well as other convective hazards. For the tornado-producing thunderstorms considered in this study, ensemble probabilistic forecasts of low-level rotation generally indicated a rotating thunderstorm approximately 30 min before the time of first observed tornado. Displacement errors (often to the north of tornado-affected areas) associated with vorticity swaths were greatest in those forecasts launched 30-60 min before the time of first tornado. Similar forecasts were produced for a tornadic mesovortex along the leading edge of a bow echo and, again, highlighted a well-defined vorticity swath as much as 30 min prior to the first tornado. C1 [Wheatley, Dustan M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Wheatley, DM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM dustan.wheatley@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The computing for this project was performed at the University of Oklahoma (OU) Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER). Funding for this research was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The comments and suggestions by three anonymous reviewers, as well as David Dowell, helped us improve our presentations. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1795 EP 1817 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0043.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3ET UT WOS:000366987900003 ER PT J AU Snyder, JC Ryzhkov, AV Kumjian, MR Khain, AP Picca, J AF Snyder, Jeffrey C. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Kumjian, Matthew R. Khain, Alexander P. Picca, Joseph TI A Z(DR) Column Detection Algorithm to Examine Convective Storm Updrafts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Review ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; INTEGRATED LIQUID WATER; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; X-BAND; TORNADIC SUPERCELL; HIGH-RESOLUTION; EL RENO; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; MULTIPARAMETER RADAR; 3-BODY SCATTERING AB Observations and recent high-resolution numerical model simulations indicate that liquid water and partially frozen hydrometeors can be lofted considerably above the environmental 0 degrees C level in the updrafts of convective storms owing to the warm thermal perturbation from latent heating within the updraft and to the noninstantaneous nature of drop freezing. Consequently, upward extensions of positive differential reflectivity (i.e., Z(DR) >= 1 dB)-called Z(DR) columns-may be a useful proxy for detecting the initiation of new convective storms and examining the evolution of convective storm updrafts. High-resolution numerical simulations with spectral bin microphysics and a polarimetric forward operator reveal a strong spatial association between updrafts and Z(DR) columns and show the utility of examining the structure and evolution of Z(DR) columns for assessing updraft evolution. This paper introduces an automated Z(DR) column algorithm designed to provide additional diagnostic and prognostic information pertinent to convective storm nowcasting. Although suboptimal vertical resolution above the 0 degrees C level and limitations imposed by commonly used scanning strategies in the operational WSR-88D network can complicate Z(DR) column detection, examples provided herein show that the algorithm can provide operational and research-focused meteorologists with valuable information about the evolution of convective storms. C1 [Snyder, Jeffrey C.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Snyder, Jeffrey C.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kumjian, Matthew R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Khain, Alexander P.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jerusalem, Israel. [Picca, Joseph] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Snyder, JC (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, RRDD, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jeffrey.snyder@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program [ER65459] FX This research was performed while JCS held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Severe Storms Laboratory. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. Funding for this work was also provided by Grant ER65459 from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program. The authors appreciate the EnKF analyses provided by Patrick Skinner, discussions with Robin Tanamachi, and a review by Heather Reeves. NR 100 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1819 EP 1844 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0068.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3EV UT WOS:000366988100001 ER PT J AU Han, Y Suwinski, L Tobin, D Chen, Y AF Han, Yong Suwinski, Lawrence Tobin, David Chen, Yong TI Effect of self-apodization correction on Cross-track Infrared Sounder radiance noise SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETERS; INSTRUMENT LINE-SHAPE; ALGORITHM; SPECTRA AB Self-apodization correction increases noise of the radiance spectra measured by the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) in three spectral bands. It also increases noise correlation between spectral channels. The degree of the noise effect depends on the spectral resolution, channel frequency, and detector position in the 3 x 3 detector grids on the focal planes. The effect is relatively small when CrIS is operated in the normal spectral resolution mode, but can reach to the level of a 76% noise increase and 52% noise correlation in high-frequency channels of the shortwave-band spectra from the corner detectors when CrIS is operated in the full spectral resolution mode. The noise impact of the Hamming apodization applied to CrIS spectra is also discussed. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Han, Yong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Suwinski, Lawrence] Exelis Inc, Ft Wayne, IN 46818 USA. [Tobin, David] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chen, Yong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Han, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Yong.Han@noaa.gov RI Chen, Yong/E-4321-2010; Han, Yong/F-5590-2010 OI Chen, Yong/0000-0002-0279-9405; Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 34 BP 10114 EP 10122 DI 10.1364/AO.54.010114 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA CY7QW UT WOS:000366604800016 PM 26836668 ER PT J AU Maynard, JA McKagan, S Raymundo, L Johnson, S Ahmadia, GN Johnston, L Houk, P Williams, GJ Kendall, M Heron, SF van Hooidonk, R Mcleod, E Tracey, D Planes, S AF Maynard, Jeffrey A. McKagan, Steven Raymundo, Laurie Johnson, Steven Ahmadia, Gabby N. Johnston, Lyza Houk, Peter Williams, Gareth J. Kendall, Matt Heron, Scott F. van Hooidonk, Ruben Mcleod, Elizabeth Tracey, Dieter Planes, Serge TI Assessing relative resilience potential of coral reefs to inform management SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Connectivity; Coral reefs; Environmental management; Spatial planning; Vulnerability ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CANONICAL-ANALYSIS; CONSERVATION; CLIMATE AB Ecological resilience assessments are an important part of resilience-based management (REM) and can help prioritize and target management actions. Use of such assessments has been limited due to a lack of clear guidance on the assessment process. This study builds on the latest scientific advances in REM to provide that guidance from a resilience assessment undertaken in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). We assessed spatial variation in ecological resilience potential at 78 forereef sites near the populated islands of the CNMI: Saipan, Tinian/Aguijan, and Rota. The assessments are based on measuring indicators of resilience processes and are combined with information on anthropogenic stress and larval connectivity. We find great spatial variation in relative resilience potential with many high resilience sites near Saipan (5 of 7) and low resilience sites near Rota (7 of 9). Criteria were developed to identify priority sites for six types of management actions (e.g., conservation, land-based sources of pollution reduction, and fishery management and enforcement) and 51 of the 78 sites met at least one of the sets of criteria. The connectivity simulations developed indicate that Tinian and Aguijan are each roughly 10 x the larvae source that Rota is and twice as frequent a destination. These results may explain the lower relative resilience potential of Rota reefs and indicates that actions in Saipan and Tinian/Aguijan will be important to maintaining supply of larvae. The process we describe for undertaking resilience assessments can be tailored for use in coral reef areas globally and applied to other ecosystems. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Maynard, Jeffrey A.] SymbioSeas, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. [Maynard, Jeffrey A.] Marine Appl Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. [Maynard, Jeffrey A.; Planes, Serge] CRIOBE, USR CNRS EPHE 3278, Lab Excellence CORAIL, Papetoai, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [McKagan, Steven] NOAA Fisheries, Habitat Conservat Div, Pacific Isl Reg, Saipan Field Off, Saipan, CM 96950 USA. [Raymundo, Laurie; Johnson, Steven; Houk, Peter] Univ Guam, Marine Lab, UOG Stn, Mangilao, GU 96913 USA. [Johnson, Steven; Johnston, Lyza] Commonwealth Northern Mariana Isl, Bur Environm & Coastal Qual, Saipan, CM 96950 USA. [Ahmadia, Gabby N.] World Wildlife Fund, Oceans, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Williams, Gareth J.] Bangor Univ, Sch Ocean Sci, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, Gwynedd, Wales. [Kendall, Matt] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4814, Australia. [van Hooidonk, Ruben] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [van Hooidonk, Ruben] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Mcleod, Elizabeth] Nature Conservancy, Austin, TX 78749 USA. RP Maynard, JA (reprint author), SymbioSeas, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. EM maynardmarine@gmail.com RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; van Hooidonk, Ruben/F-7395-2010 OI van Hooidonk, Ruben/0000-0002-3804-1233 FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP); USGS via the Pacific Islands Climate Science Center; Western Pacific Coral Reef Institute via the University of Guam; CNMI; European Research Commission; TNC's Reef Resilience program; TNC's network; NOAA CRCP; GBRMPA; AIMS; IUCN; UNEP; International Marine Conservation Congress in Vancouver, Canada FX Financial support for this research was provided by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP), USGS via the Pacific Islands Climate Science Center, Western Pacific Coral Reef Institute via the University of Guam, Senator Gregorio Kilili Sablan Funding in CNMI, the European Research Commission and by TNC's Reef Resilience program and network. Project planning and implementation benefited from collaboration with the CNMI Bureau of Environmental and Coastal Quality and MINA. Content within the paper represents an evolution of ideas initially discussed at workshops funded by the NOAA CRCP, GBRMPA, AIMS, IUCN, and UNEP and at the International Marine Conservation Congress in Vancouver, Canada in 2011. The authors thank all those that assisted with fieldwork. The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 192 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.001 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY6TB UT WOS:000366540600013 ER PT J AU Tonra, CM Sager-Fradkin, K Morley, SA Duda, JJ Marra, PP AF Tonra, Christopher M. Sager-Fradkin, Kimberly Morley, Sarah A. Duda, Jeffrey J. Marra, Peter P. TI The rapid return of marine-derived nutrients to a freshwater food web following dam removal SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE American dipper; Cinclus mexicanus; Elwha River; Salmon; Stable isotopes; Oncorhynchus spp. ID SPAWNING PACIFIC SALMON; ECOSYSTEMS; DELTA-N-15; PERIPHYTON; CARCASSES; SUBSIDIES; GROWTH AB Dam removal is increasingly being recognized as a viable river restoration action. Although the main beneficiaries of restored connectivity are often migratory fish populations, little is known regarding recovery of other parts of the freshwater food web, particularly terrestrial components. We measured stable isotopes in key components to the freshwater food web: salmon, freshwater macroinvertebrates and a river specialist bird, American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus), before and after removal of the Elwha Dam, WA, USA. Less than a year after dam removal, salmon returned to the system and released marine-derived nutrients (MDN). In that same year we documented an increase in stable-nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in American dippers. These results indicate that MDN from anadromous fish, an important nutrient subsidy that crosses the aquatic-terrestrial boundary, can return rapidly to food webs after dams are removed which is an important component of ecosystem recovery. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tonra, Christopher M.; Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Tonra, Christopher M.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sager-Fradkin, Kimberly] Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Dept Nat Resources, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Morley, Sarah A.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Tonra, CM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM tonra.1@osu.edu RI Tonra, Christopher/B-1620-2013 FU USFWS Tribal Wildlife Research grant [WA U-26-NA-1]; Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe; NOAA's Open Rivers Initiative; U.S. Geological Survey; Smithsonian Stable Isotope Research Fellowship; Didden Conservation Biology Fellowship FX Funding was provided by a USFWS Tribal Wildlife Research grant to Marra and Sager-Fradkin (WA U-26-NA-1), the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe and NOAA's Open Rivers Initiative to Morley, U.S. Geological Survey to Duda, and a Smithsonian Stable Isotope Research Fellowship and Didden Conservation Biology Fellowship to Tonra. We are grateful to Olympic National Park Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Natural Resources staff of the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe. We wish to thank James Adelman, Dave Manson, Rebecca Paradis, Larry Ward, Alexander Stevankiv and Sara Cendejas-Zarelli for field and lab assistance and Christine France for her contribution to stable isotope analysis. This manuscript benefitted from reviews by George Pess, Lisa Wetzel and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 38 U2 88 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 192 BP 130 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.009 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY6TB UT WOS:000366540600015 ER PT J AU Keith, D Akcakaya, HR Butchart, SHM Collen, B Dulvy, NK Holmes, EE Hutchings, JA Keinath, D Schwartz, MK Shelton, AO Waples, RS AF Keith, David Akcakaya, H. Resit Butchart, Stuart H. M. Collen, Ben Dulvy, Nicholas K. Holmes, Elizabeth E. Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Keinath, Doug Schwartz, Michael K. Shelton, Andrew O. Waples, Robin S. TI Temporal correlations in population trends: Conservation implications from time-series analysis of diverse animal taxa SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Population growth rate; Population trend; Endangered species; Time series; Vertebrates ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE FISHES; EXTINCTION; ABUNDANCE; RECOVERY; OSCILLATION; ECOSYSTEM; DENSITY; BIOLOGY AB Population trends play a large role in species risk assessments and conservation planning, and species are often considered threatened if their recent rate of decline meets certain thresholds, regardless how large the population is. But how reliable an indicator of extinction risk is a single estimate of population trend? Given the integral role this decline-based approach has played in setting conservation priorities, it is surprising that it has undergone little empirical scrutiny. We compile an extensive global dataset of time series of abundance data for over 1300 vertebrate populations to provide the first major test of the predictability of population growth rates in nature. We divided each time series into assessment and response periods and examined the correlation between growth rates in the two time periods. In birds, population declines tended to be followed by further declines, but mammals, salmon, and other bony fishes showed the opposite pattern: past declines were associated with subsequent population increases, and vice versa. Furthermore, in these taxa subsequent growth rates were higher when initial declines were more severe. These patterns agreed with data simulated under a null model for a dynamically stable population experiencing density dependence. However, this type of result could also occur if conservation actions positively affected the population following initial declines a scenario that our data were too limited to rigorously evaluate. This ambiguity emphasizes the importance of understanding the underlying causes of population trajectories in drawing inferences about rates of decline in abundance. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Keith, David; Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Akcakaya, H. Resit] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Butchart, Stuart H. M.] BirdLife Int, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB30NA, England. [Collen, Ben] UCL, Ctr Biodivers & Environm Res, Dept Genet Evolut & Environm, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Dulvy, Nicholas K.] Simon Fraser Univ, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Holmes, Elizabeth E.] NOAA Fisheries, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Keinath, Doug] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Nat Div Database, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Collen, Ben/F-2543-2016; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016; OI Collen, Ben/0000-0003-2564-4243; Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), a Center - NSF [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California FX This is a contribution from the 'Red Flags and Species Endangerment' working group, sponsored by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), a Center funded by NSF (Grant #EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. We thank the other participants of the Working Group (Priyanga Amarasekare, Jean Cochrane, and Marta Nammack), as well as Brendan Connors, Russ Lande, and Georgina Mace, for their useful discussions and information. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 192 BP 247 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.021 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY6TB UT WOS:000366540600028 ER PT J AU Balazs, GH Van Houtan, KS Hargrove, SA Brunson, SM Murakawa, SKK AF Balazs, George H. Van Houtan, Kyle S. Hargrove, Stacy A. Brunson, Shandell M. Murakawa, Shawn K. K. TI A Review of the Demographic Features of Hawaiian Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Reptilia; Testudines; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands; French Frigate Shoals; nesting biology; population monitoring ID SEA-TURTLES; ARCHIPELAGO; RECOVERY; ISLANDS; GROWTH AB This review summarizes all existing data and knowledge of the demographic variables and their stochasticity of Hawaiian green turtles. The population numbers roughly 4000 breeding females today, having rebounded from its near extinction in the early 1970s, with most of the nesting restricted to French Frigate Shoals in the remote and geologically ancient Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. A timeline is provided of the scientific monitoring for this population and associated data streams relating to morphometrics, maturity, nest dynamics, sex ratio, as well as population growth and viability. C1 [Balazs, George H.; Van Houtan, Kyle S.; Brunson, Shandell M.; Murakawa, Shawn K. K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Hargrove, Stacy A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Balazs, GH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM george.balazs@noaa.gov; kyle.vanhoutan@noaa.gov; stacy.hargrove@noaa.gov; shandell.brunson@noaa.gov; shawn.murakawa@noaa.gov OI Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 NR 51 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 25 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 14 IS 2 BP 119 EP 129 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CY9YK UT WOS:000366762100001 ER PT J AU Shamblin, BM Dutton, PH Bjorndal, KA Bolten, AB Naro-Maciel, E Santos, AJB Bellini, C Baptistotte, C Marcovaldi, MA Nairn, CJ AF Shamblin, Brian M. Dutton, Peter H. Bjorndal, Karen A. Bolten, Alan B. Naro-Maciel, Eugenia Barsante Santos, Armando Jose Bellini, Claudio Baptistotte, Cecilia Marcovaldi, Maria Angela Nairn, Campbell J. TI Deeper Mitochondrial Sequencing Reveals Cryptic Diversity and Structure in Brazilian Green Turtle Rookeries SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mtSTR; mtVNTR; mitochondrial repeat; stock structure; Chelonia mydas ID CHELONIA-MYDAS POPULATIONS; STOCK STRUCTURE; SEA-TURTLES; GENETIC COMPOSITION; DNA SEQUENCES; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; ATLANTIC; CONSERVATION; DISPERSAL; FISHERIES AB Genetic markers are often used to designate population units for management and conservation, but widespread sharing of mitochondrial DNA control-region haplotypes defined from short (<500 base-pair [bp]) sequences often limits inferences of population connectivity in marine turtles. Haplotype CM-A8, defined from 490-bp sequences, dominated the haplotype profiles of the 3 major green turtle (Chelonia mydas) rookeries in Brazil. Previous analyses based on 490-bp haplotypes did not detect differentiation between the northern rookeries of Atol das Rocas and Fernando de Norohna, but did indicate differentiation of the northern rookeries from Trindade Island in the south. We reexamined the stock structure of the Brazilian green turtle rookeries using 817-bp control region and mitochondrial short tandem repeat (mtSTR) sequences. Nine 490-bp haplotypes were subdivided into 41 haplotypes by combining 817-bp and mtSTR sequences. Eight of the 14 CM-A8 turtles from Fernando de Noronha carried mtSTR haplotypes that were not detected in the larger rookeries. Pairwise exact tests indicated that the northern Brazilian green turtle rookeries of the Rocas Atoll and Fernando de Noronha are discrete populations with respect to female natal homing. Moreover, several apparently endemic markers in the 3 Brazilian green turtle nesting populations should improve resolution of future mixed-stock analyses. Comparable data are needed from green turtle rookeries in the central and eastern Atlantic to assess structure and connectivity at the ocean basin scale. C1 [Shamblin, Brian M.; Nairn, Campbell J.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Naro-Maciel, Eugenia] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Barsante Santos, Armando Jose] Fundacao ProTamar, BR-41815135 Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Bellini, Claudio; Baptistotte, Cecilia] TAMAR ICMBio, Ctr Nacl Conservacao & Manejo Tartarugas Marinhas, BR-41950970 Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Marcovaldi, Maria Angela] Projeto TAMAR ICMBio, BR-40210970 Praia Do Forte, BA, Brazil. RP Shamblin, BM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM brian.shamblin@gmail.com; Peter.Dutton@noaa.gov; bjorndal@ufl.edu; abolten@ufl.edu; Eugenia.NaroMaciel@csi.cuny.edu; Armando@tamar.org.br; claudio@tamar.org.br; cecilia@tamar.org.br; neca@tamar.org.br; nairn@uga.edu OI Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 FU NOAA-Fisheries; Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia FX This work was supported by NOAA-Fisheries and by the Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia. We thank the Brazilian Navy, Command of the 1st Naval District, and Zelia de Brito Silva, general manager of the Atol das Rocas Biological Reserve, for assistance at the study sites. We also thank Luciana Moreira for coordination of sample collection at Trindade Island. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 11 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 14 IS 2 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CY9YK UT WOS:000366762100008 ER PT J AU Kleisner, KM Coll, M Lynam, CP Bundy, A Shannon, L Shin, YJ Boldt, JL Borges, MF Diallo, I Fox, C Gascuel, D Heymans, JJ Jorda, MJJ Jouffre, D Large, SI Marshall, KN Ojaveer, H Piroddi, C Tam, J Torres, MA Travers-Trolet, M Tsagarakis, K van der Meeren, GI Zador, S AF Kleisner, Kristin M. Coll, Marta Lynam, Christopher P. Bundy, Alida Shannon, Lynne Shin, Yunne-Jai Boldt, Jennifer L. Borges, Maria F. Diallo, Ibrahima Fox, Clive Gascuel, Didier Heymans, Johanna J. Juan Jorda, Maria J. Jouffre, Didier Large, Scott I. Marshall, Kristin N. Ojaveer, Henn Piroddi, Chiara Tam, Jorge Torres, Maria A. Travers-Trolet, Morgane Tsagarakis, Konstantinos van der Meeren, Gro I. Zador, Stephani TI Evaluating changes in marine communities that provide ecosystem services through comparative assessments of community indicators SO ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LA English DT Article DE Ecological indicator; Comparative approach; Community metric; IndiSeas; Fishing impacts ID BARENTS SEA; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; ECOLOGICAL STATUS; ADRIATIC SEA; FISHERIES; TRENDS; IMPACTS; OCEAN; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE AB Fisheries provide critical provisioning services, especially given increasing human population. Understanding where marine communities are declining provides an indication of ecosystems of concern and highlights potential conflicts between seafood provisioning from wild fisheries and other ecosystem services. Here we use the nonparametric statistic, Kendall's tau, to assess trends in biomass of exploited marine species across a range of ecosystems. The proportion of 'Non-Declining Exploited Species' (NDES) is compared among ecosystems and to three community-level indicators that provide a gauge of the ability of a marine ecosystem to function both in provisioning and as a regulating service: survey-based mean trophic level, proportion of predatory fish, and mean life span. In some ecosystems, NDES corresponds to states and temporal trajectories of the community indicators, indicating deteriorating conditions in both the exploited community and in the overall community. However differences illustrate the necessity of using multiple ecological indicators to reflect the state of the ecosystem. For each ecosystem, we discuss patterns in NDES with respect to the community-level indicators and present results in the context of ecosystem-specific drivers. We conclude that using NDES requires context-specific supporting information in order to provide guidance within a management framework. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kleisner, Kristin M.] Univ British Columbia, Sea Around Us Project, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Kleisner, Kristin M.; Large, Scott I.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Coll, Marta; Shin, Yunne-Jai] Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, Inst Rech Dev, UMR EME 212, F-34203 Sete, France. [Lynam, Christopher P.] Cefas, Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Bundy, Alida] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Populat Ecol Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Shannon, Lynne; Shin, Yunne-Jai] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Shannon, Lynne; Shin, Yunne-Jai] Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Boldt, Jennifer L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Borges, Maria F.] IPMA, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal. [Diallo, Ibrahima] CNSHB, Conakry, Guinea. [Fox, Clive] Scottish Marine Inst, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Gascuel, Didier] Univ Europeenne Bretagne, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR Ecol & Sante Ecosyst 985, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Heymans, Johanna J.] Scottish Marine Inst, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Juan Jorda, Maria J.] Herrera Kaia, Marine Res Div, AZTI Tecnalia, E-20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain. [Juan Jorda, Maria J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Jouffre, Didier] Labep AO IRD IFAN, Inst Rech Dev, UMR ECOSYM 238, Dakar, Senegal. [Marshall, Kristin N.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ojaveer, Henn] Univ Tartu, Estonian Marine Inst, EE-80012 Parnu, Estonia. [Piroddi, Chiara] Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Water Resources Unit, Ispra, Italy. [Tam, Jorge] Inst Mar Peru IMARPE, Esquina Gamarra & Gral, Lima, Peru. [Torres, Maria A.] Ctr Oceanog Cadiz, IEO, E-11006 Cadiz, Spain. [Torres, Maria A.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Inst Coastal Res, Dept Aquat Resources, SE-74242 Skolgatan, Oregrund, Sweden. [Travers-Trolet, Morgane] IFREMER, Fisheries Lab, F-62321 Boulogne, France. [Tsagarakis, Konstantinos] Inst Marine Biol Resources & Inland Waters, Hellenic Ctr Marine Res, Athens 16610, Greece. [van der Meeren, Gro I.] Hjort Ctr Marine Ecosyst Dynam, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway. [van der Meeren, Gro I.] Inst Marine Sci, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Zador, Stephani] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kleisner, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM k.kleisner@fisheries.ubc.ca RI Shin, Yunne-Jai/A-7575-2012; Tsagarakis, Konstantinos/A-1283-2012; Heymans, Johanna/H-4848-2012; Gascuel, Didier/C-1439-2011; Ojaveer, Henn/K-2160-2016; martel, celine/O-6651-2016; Bundy, Alida/H-2884-2015; OI Shin, Yunne-Jai/0000-0002-7259-9265; Tsagarakis, Konstantinos/0000-0003-2408-0220; Heymans, Johanna/0000-0002-7290-8988; Gascuel, Didier/0000-0001-5447-6977; Ojaveer, Henn/0000-0003-2742-6063; martel, celine/0000-0002-1800-4558; Bundy, Alida/0000-0002-4282-0715; Tam, Jorge/0000-0001-8224-4313; Juan-Jorda, Maria Jose/0000-0002-4586-2400 FU Conservation International; University of British Columbia; Pew Charitable Trusts; EC; Spanish Research Program Ramon y Cajal; South African Research Chair Initiative through the South African Department of Science and Technology (DST); French project EMIBIOS (FRB) [APP-SCEN-2010-11]; European collaborative project MEECE - Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment - (FP7) [212085]; EU [308392, MF1228, PIOF-GA-2013-628116]; Norwegian Nature Index programme; Institute of Marine Research, Norway; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research [SF0180005s10]; Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) FX We would like to thank the IndiSeas Working Group, endorsed by IOC-UNESCO (www.ioc-unesco.org) and the European Network of Excellence Euroceans (www.eur-oceans.eu). KMK was supported by Conservation International and the Sea Around Us project, a collaboration between The University of British Columbia and The Pew Charitable Trusts. MC was partially supported by the EC Marie Curie CIG grant to BIOWEB and the Spanish Research Program Ramon y Cajal. LJS was supported through the South African Research Chair Initiative, funded through the South African Department of Science and Technology (DST) and administered by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF). YJS and MIT were supported by the French project EMIBIOS (FRB, contract no. APP-SCEN-2010-11). US and YS were also funded by the European collaborative project MEECE - Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment - (FP7, Contract no. 212085). CPL was supported by Defra project MF1228 (From Physics to Fisheries) and DEVOTES (DEVelopment of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status) funded by EU FP7 (grant Agreement no. 308392), www.devotes-project.eu. GIvdM was partially supported by the Norwegian Nature Index programme and the Institute of Marine Research, Norway. HO was funded was funded by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (grant SF0180005s10). MAT was funded by a predoctoral FPI fellowship from the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO). MJJJ was supported by the EC Marie Curie IOF Grant, PIOF-GA-2013-628116. We acknowledge all those who conducted surveys to collect the data used in this study. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-0416 J9 ECOSYST SERV JI Ecosyst. Serv. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 16 BP 413 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.02.002 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY7HA UT WOS:000366578000041 ER PT J AU Natanson, LJ Hamady, LL Gervelis, BJ AF Natanson, Lisa J. Hamady, Li Ling Gervelis, Brian J. TI Analysis of bomb radiocarbon data for common thresher sharks, Alopias vulpinus, in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean with revised growth curves SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Age; Elasmobranchs; Carbon-14; Vertebral column; Centra ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; AGE-DETERMINATION; TIGER SHARK; CHRONOLOGIES; VALIDATION; DEPOSITION; VERTEBRAE AB Bomb radiocarbon dating was used to determine the periodicity of band pair formation in the vertebral centra of three common thresher sharks (Alopias vulpinus). The traditional interpretation of band pairs were accurate (i.e. annual) up to approximately 14 years of age. In older individuals, band pair counts underestimated age. A new maximum validated age was estimated to be 38 years (an increase of 18 years over the band count estimates). Previously reported length at age estimates for common thresher sharks up to 14 years were used in conjunction with the two older validated estimates to develop a revised growth curve for the species, which was described using the Schnute general model (sexes combined). Updated estimates of age at maturity remained the same for males (8 years) and increased by one year to 13 years for females. The primary finding was the increase in longevity for this species from a band pair count estimate of 24 years to a bomb radiocarbon validated estimate of 38 years, indicating this species lives much longer than previously thought. C1 [Natanson, Lisa J.; Gervelis, Brian J.] NOAA, NOAA Fisheries NEFSC, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Hamady, Li Ling] Natl Sci Fdn, Dept Polar Programs, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Natanson, LJ (reprint author), NOAA, NOAA Fisheries NEFSC, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Lisa.Natanson@noaa.gov OI Hamady, Li Ling/0000-0003-3380-6150 FU Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Ocean Ventures Fund grant [00464173] FX This study would not have been possible without the staff of the NMFS Apex Predators Program (Narragansett, RI). We thank Allen Andrews for both technical support and draft revisions and Megan Winton who provided statistical support. We are indebted to the thousands of tournament fishermen who voluntarily provided samples from shark tournaments, along with tagged and returned sharks from the NMFS Cooperative Shark Tagging Program as well as Simon Thorrold and the staff at NOSAMS. Funding for radiocarbon analyses came from a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Ocean Ventures Fund grant to LLH #00464173. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2015 VL 99 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s10641-015-0452-y PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CY6FB UT WOS:000366502600005 ER PT J AU Grummel, BJ Mustain, HA Shen, ZJ Elmes, JC Hefner, AR AF Grummel, Brian J. Mustain, Habib A. Shen, Zheng John Elmes, John C., III Hefner, Allen R. TI Reliability Characterization of Au-In Transient Liquid Phase Bonding Through Electrical Resistivity Measurement SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diffusion process; Electronics cooling; Semiconductor device packaging; SLID; Solid-liquid interdiffusion; TLP; Transient Liquid Phase Bonding; Wafer bonding ID DIE ATTACH MATERIALS; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; POWER DEVICES; GOLD-INDIUM; FILMS; INTERDIFFUSION; RESISTANCE; SYSTEMS; MULTILAYERS AB Transient liquid phase (TLP) die-attach bonding is an attractive technique for high-temperature semiconductor device packaging. In this paper, the material reliability of gold-indium (Au-In) TLP bonding is investigated utilizing electrical resistivity measurement as an indicator of material diffusion. Samples were fabricated featuring a TLP reaction, representative of TLP die-attach, by depositing TLP materials on glass substrates with various Au-In compositions, but with identical barrier layers, and were then used for reliability investigation. The samples were annealed at 200 degrees C and then stressed with thermal cycling. Samples containing high indium content in the TLP bond are shown to have poor reliability due to material diffusion through barrier layers, whereas the samples containing sufficient gold content proved reliable through electrical resistivity measurement, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, focused ion beam, and scanning electron microscope characterization. C1 [Grummel, Brian J.; Shen, Zheng John] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Grummel, Brian J.; Hefner, Allen R.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mustain, Habib A.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Elmes, John C., III] Adv Power Elect Corp, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Grummel, BJ (reprint author), GeneSiC Semicond Inc, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. EM brian.grummel@gmail.com; habib_mustain@cree.com; johnshen@mail.ucf.edu; john.elmes@gmail.com; allen.hefner@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB7H6113] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology under Grant 70NANB7H6113. Recommended for publication by Associate Editor K. N. Chiang upon evaluation of reviewers' comments. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-3950 EI 2156-3985 J9 IEEE T COMP PACK MAN JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Pack. Manuf. Technol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1726 EP 1733 DI 10.1109/TCPMT.2015.2489686 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CZ0XZ UT WOS:000366831100001 ER PT J AU Berg, RF AF Berg, Robert F. TI Apparatus To Measure the Vapor Pressure of Slowly Decomposing Compounds from 1 Pa to 10(5) Pa SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; STATIC APPARATUS; NAPHTHALENE; LIQUIDS; FERROCENE; SUBLIMATION; PRECURSORS; HYDROCARBONS; TEMPERATURES AB This article describes an apparatus and method for measuring vapor pressures in the range from 1 Pa to 10(5) Pa. Its three distinctive elements are (1) the static pressure measurements were made with only a small temperature difference between the vapor and the condensed phase, (2) the sample was degassed in situ, and (3) the temperature range extended up to 200 degrees C. The apparatus was designed to measure metal organic precursors, which often are toxic, pyrophoric, or unstable. Vapor pressures are presented for naphthalene, ferrocene, diethyl phthalate, and TEMAH (tetrakisethylmethylaminohafnium). Also presented are data for the temperature-dependent decomposition rate of TEMAH. C1 [Berg, Robert F.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Berg, RF (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.berg@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs FX This work was funded in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD DEC PY 2015 VL 60 IS 12 BP 3483 EP 3495 DI 10.1021/acs.jced.5b00751 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA CY3WE UT WOS:000366339800003 PM 27274567 ER PT J AU Berg, RF AF Berg, Robert F. TI Correcting "Static" Measurements of Vapor Pressure for Time Dependence Due to Diffusion and Decomposition SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NAPHTHALENE AB The static method for measuring vapor pressure assumes that the sample is pure and that its temperature is steady and uniform. In practice, the measured pressure may be time dependent because of evaporative cooling after pumping on the sample, transpiration of the sample in a temperature gradient, or diffusion of an impurity out of the sample. An impurity cannot be avoided if the sample is decomposing. This article identifies and quantifies various causes of time dependence, and it includes an analysis that can obtain the vapor pressure from the time-dependent pressure of a decomposing sample. The analysis was applied to measurements of TEMAH (tetrakisethylmethylaminohafnium), whose decomposition continuously generated a volatile impurity. The corrected vapor pressures obtained for three TEMAH samples at 39 degrees C agreed to within +/- 1 %, even though the partial pressure of the impurity was as much as 8 times larger. C1 [Berg, Robert F.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Berg, RF (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.berg@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs FX This work was funded in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD DEC PY 2015 VL 60 IS 12 BP 3496 EP 3505 DI 10.1021/acs.jced.5b00752 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA CY3WE UT WOS:000366339800004 PM 27335504 ER PT J AU Diky, V O'Connell, JP Abildskov, J Kroenlein, K Frenkel, M AF Diky, Vladimir O'Connell, John P. Abildskov, Jens Kroenlein, Kenneth Frenkel, Michael TI Representation and Validation of Liquid Densities for Pure Compounds and Mixtures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS; VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; EQUILIBRIUM DATA; HIGH-PRESSURES; PROPERTY DATA; STATE AB Reliable correlation and prediction of liquid densities are important for designing chemical processes at normal and elevated pressures. A corresponding-states model from molecular theory was extended to yield a robust method for quality testing of experimental data that also provides predicted values at unmeasured conditions. The model has been shown to successfully represent and validate the pressure and temperature dependence of liquid densities greater than 1.5 of the critical density for pure compounds, binary mixtures, and ternary mixtures from the triple to critical temperatures at pressures up to 10(6) kPa. The systems include the full range of organic compounds, including complex solutions, and ionic liquids. Minimal data are required for making predictions. C1 [Diky, Vladimir; Kroenlein, Kenneth; Frenkel, Michael] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [O'Connell, John P.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Abildskov, Jens] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, CAPEC PROC, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Diky, V (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM diky@boulder.nist.gov OI Abildskov, Jens/0000-0003-1187-8778 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD DEC PY 2015 VL 60 IS 12 BP 3545 EP 3553 DI 10.1021/acs.jced.5b00477 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA CY3WE UT WOS:000366339800010 ER PT J AU Paulechka, E Diky, V Kazakov, A Kroenlein, K Frenkel, M AF Paulechka, Eugene Diky, Vladimir Kazakov, Andrei Kroenlein, Kenneth Frenkel, Michael TI Reparameterization of COSMO-SAC for Phase Equilibrium Properties Based on Critically Evaluated Data SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID GROUP-CONTRIBUTION PREDICTION; SCREENING MODEL; SOLVATION MODEL; LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; EXCESS-ENTHALPIES; BINARY-MIXTURES; REAL SOLVENTS; PERFORMANCE; RS AB COSMO-SAC model was reparameterized with use of the critically evaluated data generated by the NIST ThermoData Engine for vapor liquid equilibria, excess enthalpies for binary mixtures, and activity coefficients of binary mixture components. The calculated a-profile library contained 897 individual compounds. The temperature-dependent a profiles included contributions of up to 40 conformers of a molecule. Splitting of the H-bonding a profiles into OH and non-OH parts decreased the root-mean square deviation from the experimental data points by about 10% compared to the model using one H-bonding parameter. The original UNIFAC model demonstrated comparable performance with the more advanced COSMO-SAC variation. The challenges of uncertainty evaluation for parameters of the model and the predicted values are discussed. C1 [Paulechka, Eugene; Diky, Vladimir; Kazakov, Andrei; Kroenlein, Kenneth; Frenkel, Michael] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Paulechka, E (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yauheni.paulechka@nist.gov NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD DEC PY 2015 VL 60 IS 12 BP 3554 EP 3561 DI 10.1021/acs.jced.5b00483 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA CY3WE UT WOS:000366339800011 ER PT J AU McLinden, MO Perkins, RA Lemmon, EW Fortin, TJ AF McLinden, Mark O. Perkins, Richard A. Lemmon, Eric W. Fortin, Tara J. TI Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-Nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone: Vapor Pressure, (p, rho, T) Behavior, and Speed of Sound Measurements, and an Equation of State SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID DENSITY; DENSIMETERS; TEMPERATURE; RANGES; LIQUID AB We report comprehensive thermodynamic property measurements of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone. The (p, rho, T) behavior was measured from T = (225 to 470) K with pressures up to 36 MPa with a two-sinker densimeter. These measurements include compressed-liquid states and states in the extended critical region. The vapor-phase speed of sound was measured from T = (325 to 500) K with pressures up to 1.7 MPa with a spherical acoustic resonator. The vapor pressure was measured in the spherical resonator from T = (325 to 440) K with a static technique. The density and speed of sound of the liquid was measured from T = (278 to 308) K at atmospheric pressure (p = 83 kPa) in a benchtop instrument employing a vibrating-U-tube densimeter and a time-of-flight speed-of-sound technique. These data, together with selected data from the fluid manufacturer, have been used to develop an equation of state explicit in the Helmholtz energy covering the fluid region. The equation of state represents the present experimental vapor-pressure data with an RMS deviation of 0.066 %, the (p, rho, T) data to 0.067 %, and the speed-of-sound data to 0.029 %. This fluid is of interest as the working fluid in Rankine-cycle power applications and as a fire extinguishing agent; it is also known by the trade names Novec-649 and Novec-1230. C1 [McLinden, Mark O.; Perkins, Richard A.; Lemmon, Eric W.; Fortin, Tara J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP McLinden, MO (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway,Mailstop 647-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM markm@boulder.nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy through United Technologies Research Center [DE-EE0002770] FX We acknowledge partial support for this work by U.S. Department of Energy through United Technologies Research Center Agreement DE-EE0002770: Tailored Working Fluids for Enhanced Geothermal Power Plants. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD DEC PY 2015 VL 60 IS 12 BP 3646 EP 3659 DI 10.1021/acs.jced.5b00623 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA CY3WE UT WOS:000366339800021 ER PT J AU Lemmon, EW Span, R AF Lemmon, Eric W. Span, Roland TI Thermodynamic Properties of R-227ea, R-365mfc, R-115, and R-13I1 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANT MIXTURES; 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-HEPTAFLUOROPROPANE HFC-227EA; TRIFLUOROIODOMETHANE CF3I; COMPRESSED LIQUID; T BEHAVIOR; PENTAFLUOROETHANE HFC-125; FLUORINATED PROPANE; BUTANE DERIVATIVES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA AB Equations of state are presented for the refrigerants 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (R-227ea) and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (R-365mfc). For R-227ea, the uncertainties in densities are 0.05 % in the liquid region up to 360 K, 0.3 % in the vapor phase, and 0.5 % in the supercritical region. For vapor pressures, the uncertainties are 0.1 % above 270 K and 0.4 % between 240 K and 270 K (with the higher value at the lower temperature). The uncertainty in heat capacities is 1 % (with increasing uncertainties in the critical region and at high temperatures). For sound speeds, the uncertainties are 0.05 % in the vapor phase up to pressures of 0.5 MPa and 0.03 % in the liquid phase between 280 K and 420 K. For R-365mfc, the uncertainties in densities of the equation of state range from 0.1 % in the liquid to 1 % near the critical point, and the uncertainty in the speeds of sound is 0.05 %. The uncertainty in heat capacities is 2 %, and the uncertainty in vapor pressures is 0.25 % at temperatures between 280 K and 360 K. In the critical region, the uncertainties are higher for all properties. Equations of state for trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) and chloropentafluoroethane (R-115) are also given in an appendix for applications where systems using these banned substances are being upgraded or replaced with modern refrigerants, and properties of the old working fluids are needed in the design of the new system. C1 [Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Span, Roland] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Thermodynam, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Eric.Lemmon@nist.gov NR 82 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD DEC PY 2015 VL 60 IS 12 BP 3745 EP 3758 DI 10.1021/acs.jced.5b00684 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA CY3WE UT WOS:000366339800030 ER PT J AU Wu, LG Tian, W Liu, QY Cao, J Knaff, JA AF Wu, Liguang Tian, Wei Liu, Qingyuan Cao, Jian Knaff, John A. TI Implications of the Observed Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Size and Intensity over the Western North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Hurricanes; typhoons; Tropical cyclones ID INNER-CORE SIZE; AIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE; PART I; TYPHOON STRUCTURE; HURRICANE; MODEL; CLIMATOLOGY; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION AB Tropical cyclone (TC) size, usually measured with the radius of gale force wind (34 kt or 17 m s(-1)), is an important parameter for estimating TC risks such as wind damage, rainfall distribution, and storm surge. Previous studies have reported that there is a very weak relationship between TC size and TC intensity. A close examination presented here using satellite-based wind analyses suggests that the relationship between TC size and intensity is nonlinear. TC size generally increases with increasing TC maximum sustained wind before a maximum of 2.50 degrees latitude at an intensity of 103 kt or 53.0 m s(-1) and then slowly decreases as the TC intensity further increases. The observed relationship between TC size and intensity is compared to the relationships produced by an 11-yr seasonal numerical simulation of TC activity. The numerical simulations were able to produce neither the observed maximum sustained winds nor the observed nonlinear relationship between TC size and intensity. This finding suggests that TC size cannot reasonably be simulated with 9-km horizontal resolution and increased resolution is needed to study TC size variations using numerical simulations. C1 Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Pacific Typhoon Res Ctr, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Knaff, John A.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Wu, LG (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Pacific Typhoon Res Ctr, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM liguang@nuist.edu.cn RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430103, 2015CB452803]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275093]; project of the specially appointed professorship of Jiangsu Province; Natural Science Foundation for Higher Education Institutions in Jiangsu Province [15KJB170008] FX This research was jointly supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430103, 2015CB452803), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41275093), the project of the specially appointed professorship of Jiangsu Province, and the Natural Science Foundation for Higher Education Institutions in Jiangsu Province (15KJB170008). TC data and FNL data are from the JTWC and NCEP. The TC wind data were provided by Dr. John A. Knaff. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 24 BP 9501 EP 9506 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0628.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CY9IM UT WOS:000366720600001 ER PT J AU Notaro, M Bennington, V Lofgren, B AF Notaro, Michael Bennington, Val Lofgren, Brent TI Dynamical Downscaling-Based Projections of Great Lakes Water Levels SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Review DE Geographic location; entity; Inland seas; lakes; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Freshwater; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Climate change; Hydrology; Models and modeling; Regional models; Variability; Climate variability ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; ICE COVER; TRANSPOSED CLIMATES; CHANGE SCENARIOS; SNOWFALL TRENDS; SIMULATION; BASIN AB Projections of regional climate, net basin supply (NBS), and water levels are developed for the mid- and late twenty-first century across the Laurentian Great Lakes basin. Two state-of-the-art global climate models (GCMs) are dynamically downscaled using a regional climate model (RCM) interactively coupled to a one-dimensional lake model, and then a hydrologic routing model is forced with time series of perturbed NBS. The dynamical downscaling and coupling with a lake model to represent the Great Lakes create added value beyond the parent GCM in terms of simulated seasonal cycles of temperature, precipitation, and surface fluxes. However, limitations related to this rudimentary treatment of the Great Lakes result in warm summer biases in lake temperatures, excessive ice cover, and an abnormally early peak in lake evaporation. While the downscaling of both GCMs led to consistent projections of increases in annual air temperature, precipitation, and all NBS components (overlake precipitation, basinwide runoff, and lake evaporation), the resulting projected water level trends are opposite in sign. Clearly, it is not sufficient to correctly simulate the signs of the projected change in each NBS component; one must also account for their relative magnitudes. The potential risk of more frequent episodes of lake levels below the low water datum, a critical shipping threshold, is explored. C1 [Notaro, Michael; Bennington, Val] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lofgren, Brent] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Notaro, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Ctr Climat Res, 1225 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mnotaro@wisc.edu OI Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 FU NOAA Climate Change Data and Detection; NOAA/GLERL; Michigan Department of Natural Resources (from Environmental Protection Agency); National Science Foundation FX This study was funded by NOAA Climate Change Data and Detection, NOAA/GLERL, and Michigan Department of Natural Resources (from Environmental Protection Agency funding). The authors appreciate the assistance of Drs. Graziano Guiliani, Nellie Elguindi, and Filippo Giorgi in improving the lake model and beneficial input from Drs. Andrew Gronewold and David Hart. Comments from three anonymous reviewers were extremely beneficial. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP. We thank the modeling groups for producing and making available their output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. Dr. Jennifer Adam provided the gauge-adjusted precipitation data. The National Science Foundation-sponsored NCAR Computational and Information Systems Laboratory provided computational resources. NR 110 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 24 BP 9721 EP 9745 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00847.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CY9IO UT WOS:000366720800011 ER PT J AU Melet, A Meyssignac, B AF Melet, Angelique Meyssignac, Benoit TI Explaining the Spread in Global Mean Thermosteric Sea Level Rise in CMIP5 Climate Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Sea level; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Climate change; Energy budget; balance; Models and modeling; Climate models; Model evaluation; performance ID OCEAN HEAT-CONTENT; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; GENERATION; SCENARIOS; IMPACT AB The ocean stores more than 90% of the energy excess associated with anthropogenic climate change. The resulting ocean warming and thermal expansion are leading contributors to global mean sea level (GMSL) rise. Confidence in projections of GMSL rise therefore depends on the ability of climate models to reproduce global mean thermosteric sea level (GMTSL) rise over the twentieth century. This study first compares the GMTSL of the climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to observations over 1961-2005. Although the model ensemble mean is within the uncertainty of observations, the model ensemble exhibits a large spread. The authors then aim to explain the spread in CMIP5 climate model GMTSL over the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It is shown that the climate models' GMTSL rise depends linearly on the time-integrated radiative forcing F (under continuously increasing radiative forcing). The constant of proportionality expresses the transient thermosteric sea level response of the climate system, and it depends on the fraction of excess heat stored in the ocean, the expansion efficiency of heat, the climate feedback parameter, and the ocean heat uptake efficiency. The across-model spread in explains most (>70%) of the across-model spread in GMTSL rise over the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, while the across-model spread in time-integrated F explains the rest. The time-integrated F explains less variance in the across-model GMTSL rise in twenty-first-century than in twentieth-century simulations, as the spread in F is reduced over the twenty-first century because the anthropogenic aerosol forcing, which is a large source of uncertainty in F, becomes relatively smaller. C1 [Melet, Angelique; Meyssignac, Benoit] Univ Toulouse 3, LEGOS CNRS CNES IRD, F-31062 Toulouse, France. RP Melet, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM angelique.melet@legos.obs-mip.fr NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 24 BP 9918 EP 9940 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0200.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CY9IO UT WOS:000366720800022 ER PT J AU Bonfils, CJW Santer, BD Phillips, TJ Marvel, K Leung, LR Doutriaux, C Capotondi, A AF Bonfils, Celine J. W. Santer, Benjamin D. Phillips, Thomas J. Marvel, Kate Leung, L. Ruby Doutriaux, Charles Capotondi, Antonietta TI Relative Contributions of Mean-State Shifts and ENSO-Driven Variability to Precipitation Changes in a Warming Climate SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; ENSO; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Precipitation; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Climate change; Regional effects; Models and modeling; General circulation models; Variability; Climate variability ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO TELECONNECTIONS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; INDO-PACIFIC; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; PATTERNS; EVENTS AB El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an important driver of regional hydroclimate variability through far-reaching teleconnections. This study uses simulations performed with coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) to investigate how regional precipitation in the twenty-first century may be affected by changes in both ENSO-driven precipitation variability and slowly evolving mean rainfall. First, a dominant, time-invariant pattern of canonical ENSO variability (cENSO) is identified in observed SST data. Next, the fidelity with which 33 state-of-the-art CGCMs represent the spatial structure and temporal variability of this pattern (as well as its associated precipitation responses) is evaluated in simulations of twentieth-century climate change. Possible changes in both the temporal variability of this pattern and its associated precipitation teleconnections are investigated in twenty-first-century climate projections. Models with better representation of the observed structure of the cENSO pattern produce winter rainfall teleconnection patterns that are in better accord with twentieth-century observations and more stationary during the twenty-first century. Finally, the model-predicted twenty-first-century rainfall response to cENSO is decomposed into the sum of three terms: 1) the twenty-first-century change in the mean state of precipitation, 2) the historical precipitation response to the cENSO pattern, and 3) a future enhancement in the rainfall response to cENSO, which amplifies rainfall extremes. By examining the three terms jointly, this conceptual framework allows the identification of regions likely to experience future rainfall anomalies that are without precedent in the current climate. C1 [Bonfils, Celine J. W.; Santer, Benjamin D.; Phillips, Thomas J.; Marvel, Kate; Doutriaux, Charles] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Leung, L. Ruby] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Capotondi, Antonietta] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Capotondi, Antonietta] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bonfils, CJW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, POB 808,Mail Stop L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bonfils2@llnl.gov RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011 FU Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD); Regional and Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science; U.S. DOE Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development award [13-ERD-032]; DOE/OBER Early Career Research Program [SCW1295] FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table S1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. CMIP5 data processing was enabled by the CDAT analysis package. A. Dai (University at Albany) calculated the second PC of the PDSI dataset (as in Fig. 2d). This work was supported by the Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) and the Regional and Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science and was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344). K.M. was supported by a Laboratory Directed Research and Development award (13-ERD-032). C.B. was fully supported by the DOE/OBER Early Career Research Program Award SCW1295. We thank our three reviewers for their very helpful and constructive comments, which have substantially improved our paper. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 24 BP 9997 EP 10013 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0341.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CY9IO UT WOS:000366720800027 ER PT J AU Ray, JDM Sethi, SA Eiler, JH Joyce, JE AF Ray, James D. M. Sethi, Suresh A. Eiler, John H. Joyce, John E. TI Prespawning Movements and Spawning Distribution of Sockeye Salmon in an Urbanizing Alaskan Lake SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE lake habitat; land use; movement; sockeye salmon; spawning distribution; staging behavior ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DIFFERENTIATION; BEHAVIOR; RIVER AB The efficacy of fish habitat conservation in land planning processes in Alaska is often constrained by the extent of current knowledge of fish distributions and habitat use. In response to requests for information from land and salmon resource management stakeholders regarding Auke Lake sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) status and life history, we examined the prespawning movements and spawning distribution of adult sockeye salmon to provide ecological information needed for Auke Lake watershed management. We used radiotelemetry to track the movements of 80 fish in the Auke Lake watershed during 2012. The prespawning distribution of the fish was not random, indicating five spatially and temporally distinct high-use staging areas within the lake. The Auke Lake sockeye salmon population was dominated by stream-spawning fish (98.5%), with minimal lakeshore spawning (1.5%) observed in association with a small intermittent tributary of the lake. The prespawning distribution patterns identified in this study corroborate observations from Auke Lake 20 y ago, indicating consistent habitat use patterns by sockeye salmon in the lake. Telemetry data also indicate 12% of sockeye salmon expired in Auke Lake without spawning and that 14% of stream-spawning fish were preyed upon by black bear (Usrus americanus). The prespawning and spawning behavior by Auke Lake sockeye salmon suggest that discrete lake staging areas and stream spawning beds are important candidate habitats for protection during the land planning process for shoreline development surrounding the lake. C1 [Ray, James D. M.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Aquaculture & Bay Management, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. [Sethi, Suresh A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Eiler, John H.; Joyce, John E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Ray, JDM (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Aquaculture & Bay Management, 619 Second St, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. EM James.Ray@wildlife.ca.gov FU Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund FX This project was funded under the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund with additional contributions from the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 BP 472 EP 485 DI 10.3996/112014-JFWM-083 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY8TT UT WOS:000366681900020 ER PT J AU Rafieeinasab, A Norouzi, A Kim, S Habibi, H Nazari, B Seo, DJ Lee, H Cosgrove, B Cui, ZT AF Rafieeinasab, Arezoo Norouzi, Amir Kim, Sunghee Habibi, Hamideh Nazari, Behzad Seo, Dong-Jun Lee, Haksu Cosgrove, Brian Cui, Zhengtao TI Toward high-resolution flash flood prediction in large urban areas - Analysis of sensitivity to spatiotemporal resolution of rainfall input and hydrologic modeling SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Distributed hydrologic modeling; Radar-based quantitative precipitation estimates; Space-time resolution; Sensitivity ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; RADAR RAINFALL; SYSTEM; NETWORK; UNCERTAINTY; ASSIMILATION; STREAMFLOW; PRODUCTS; BIAS AB Urban flash flooding is a serious problem in large, highly populated areas such as the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex (DFW). Being able to monitor and predict flash flooding at a high spatiotemporal resolution is critical to providing location-specific early warnings and cost-effective emergency management in such areas. Under the idealized conditions of perfect models and precipitation input, one may expect that spatiotemporal specificity and accuracy of the model output improve as the resolution of the models and precipitation input increases. In reality, however, due to the errors in the precipitation input, and in the structures, parameters and states of the models, there are practical limits to the model resolution. In this work, we assess the sensitivity of streamflow simulation in urban catchments to the spatiotemporal resolution of precipitation input and hydrologic modeling to identify the resolution at which the simulation errors may be at minimum given the quality of the precipitation input and hydrologic models used, and the response time of the catchment. The hydrologic modeling system used in this work is the National Weather Service (NWS) Hydrology Laboratory's Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HLRDHM) applied at spatiotemporal resolutions ranging from 250 m to 2 km and from 1 min to I h applied over the Cities of Fort Worth, Arlington and Grand Prairie in DFW. The high-resolution precipitation input is from the DFIN Demonstration Network of the Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) radars. For comparison, the NWS Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) product, which is available at a 4-km 1-h resolution, was also used. The streamflow simulation results are evaluated for 5 urban catchments ranging in size from 3.4 to 54.6 km(2) and from about 45 min to 3 h in time-to-peak in the Cities of Fort Worth, Arlington and Grand Prairie. The streamflow observations used in evaluation were obtained from water level measurements via rating curves derived from 1-0 steady-state non-uniform hydraulic modeling. The results indicate that a spatiotemporal resolution of 500 m and 15 min or higher is a good choice for streamflow prediction using HLRDHM and CASA QPE in the study area, but that, due to the nonlinear accretion of random errors in QPE and imperfect model dynamics, there are trade-offs to consider among resolution, timeliness of prediction and prediction accuracy. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rafieeinasab, Arezoo; Norouzi, Amir; Kim, Sunghee; Habibi, Hamideh; Nazari, Behzad; Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Lee, Haksu; Cosgrove, Brian; Cui, Zhengtao] NOAA, Natl Water Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Lee, Haksu; Cui, Zhengtao] LEN Technol, Oak Hill, VA USA. RP Norouzi, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Box 19308,416 Yates St,Suite 425, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM amir.norouzi@mavs.uta.edu OI Rafieei Nasab, Arezoo/0000-0001-8557-107X FU National Science Foundation [IIP-1237767, CyberSEES-1442735]; City of Fort Worth FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. IIP-1237767 (Brenda Philips, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Principal Investigator (PI)) and CyberSEES-1442735 (Dong-Jun Seo, University of Texas at Arlington, PI), and by the City of Fort Worth. These supports are gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Victor Koren (retired) and Mike Smith of NWS/OHD for expert help on HLRDHM, Tom Donaldson (retired), Bob Corby (retired), Paul McKee, Greg Waller and Greg Story of NWS/WGRFC for providing various data and support, Tom Bradshaw and Greg Patrick of NWS/WFO Dallas-Fort Worth for helpful discussions and support, Seann Reed of NWS/MARFC for expert help on HLRDHM and derivation of routing parameters, Dave Streubel of NWS/APRFC for sharing experience with high-resolution implementation of HLRDHM, Clair Davis, Ranjan Muttiah and Laura Pham of the City of Fort Worth for providing various data and expert support, Bill Brown, Mandy Clark and Amy Cannon of the City of Arlington for providing various data and support, Romin Khavari, Gabe Johnson (now at the City of Celina) Stephanie Griffin, Barry Fulfer and David McKee of the City of Grand Prairie for providing various data, including the historical HWWS data, Donald Colton of DEC Data Systems for providing help in processing the HWWS data, Dr. Emad Habib of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette for loaning tipping-bucket rain gauges used in evaluation of the HWWS rainfall data and radar QPE, and Zubin Sukheswella of AECOM for helpful discussions at various stages of this work. Lastly, we would like to thank Drs. Jason W. Mean and J. Dungan Smith of the U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, CO, for providing the model for rating curve derivation and expert help. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 531 SI SI BP 370 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.045 PN 2 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CZ0BF UT WOS:000366769400013 ER PT J AU Balcazar, NE Tripovich, JS Klinck, H Nieukirk, SL Mellinger, DK Dziak, RP Rogers, TL AF Balcazar, Naysa E. Tripovich, Joy S. Klinck, Holger Nieukirk, Sharon L. Mellinger, David K. Dziak, Robert P. Rogers, Tracey L. TI Calls reveal population structure of blue whales across the southeast Indian Ocean and the southwest Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Australia; bioacoustics; Lau Basin; marine mammal; New Zealand; passive acoustic monitoring; pygmy blue whale; vocalization ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; NORTH PACIFIC; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; HUMPBACK WHALES; NEW-ZEALAND; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; ACOUSTIC DETECTION; UNDERWATER SOUNDS AB For effective species management, understanding population structure and distribution is critical. However, quantifying population structure is not always straightforward. Within the Southern Hemisphere, the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) complex is extremely diverse but difficult to study. Using automated detector methods, we identified "acoustic populations" of whales producing region-specific call types. We examined blue whale call types in passive acoustic data at sites spanning over 7,370 km across the southeast Indian Ocean and southwest Pacific Ocean (SWPO) from 2009 to 2012. In the absence of genetic resolution, these acoustic populations offer unique information about the blue whale population complex. We found that the Australian continent acts as a geographic boundary, separating Australia and New Zealand blue whale acoustic populations at the junction of the Indian and Pacific Ocean basins. We located blue whales in previously undocumented locations, including the far SWPO, in the Tasman Sea off the east coast of Australia, and along the Lau Basin near Tonga. Our understanding of population dynamics across this broad scale has significant implications to recovery and conservation management for this endangered species, at a regional and global scale. C1 [Balcazar, Naysa E.; Tripovich, Joy S.; Rogers, Tracey L.] Univ New S Wales, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Klinck, Holger; Nieukirk, Sharon L.; Mellinger, David K.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Klinck, Holger] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Dziak, Robert P.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Balcazar, NE (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Biol Sci Bldg D26, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM n.balcazar@unsw.edu.au OI Rogers, Tracey/0000-0002-7141-4177 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE 0825295, 1029278]; NOAA/PMEL Vents Program; NOAA/PMEL [4172] FX Data from the Perth Canyon, Bass Strait, and Tasman Sea were sourced from the Integrated Marine Observing System, an Australian Government National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy and Super Science Initiative. Support for deployment of the NOAA/PMEL Lau Basin hydrophone array was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation, awards OCE 0825295 and 1029278, and the NOAA/PMEL Vents Program. This paper is NOAA/PMEL Contribution number 4172. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 46 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1184 EP 1193 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyv126 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CY4PF UT WOS:000366389800009 PM 26989263 ER PT J AU Winterstein, JP Lin, PA Sharma, R AF Winterstein, Jonathan P. Lin, Pin Ann Sharma, Renu TI Temperature Calibration for In Situ Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy Experiments SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE environmental TEM; selected-area diffraction; temperature measurement; in situ ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HOUGH TRANSFORM AB In situ environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) experiments require specimen heating holders to study material behavior in gaseous environments at elevated temperatures. In order to extract meaningful kinetic parameters, such as activation energies, it is essential to have a direct and accurate measurement of local sample temperature. This is particularly important if the sample temperature might fluctuate, for example when room temperature gases are introduced to the sample area. Using selected-area diffraction (SAD) in an ETEM, the lattice parameter of Ag nanoparticles was measured as a function of the temperature and pressure of hydrogen gas to provide a calibration of the local sample temperature. SAD permits measurement of temperature to an accuracy of +/- 30 degrees C using Ag lattice expansion. Gas introduction can cause sample cooling of several hundred degrees celsius for gas pressures achievable in the ETEM. C1 [Winterstein, Jonathan P.] FEI Co, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Winterstein, Jonathan P.; Lin, Pin Ann; Sharma, Renu] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lin, Pin Ann] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Winterstein, JP (reprint author), FEI Co, 5350 NE Dawson Creek Dr, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. EM jonathan.winterstein@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1622 EP 1628 DI 10.1017/S1431927615015196 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA CY8LS UT WOS:000366660500026 PM 26441334 ER PT J AU Tanase, M Winterstein, J Sharma, R Aksyuk, V Holland, G Liddle, JA AF Tanase, Mihaela Winterstein, Jonathan Sharma, Renu Aksyuk, Vladimir Holland, Glenn Liddle, James A. TI High-Resolution Imaging and Spectroscopy at High Pressure: A Novel Liquid Cell for the Transmission Electron Microscope SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE TEM; EELS; liquid; in situ; windowed cell ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU; ENVIRONMENTAL CELL; LOSS SPECTRA; GROWTH; NANOPARTICLES; NUCLEATION; SPECIMENS; THICKNESS; CATALYSIS AB We demonstrate quantitative core-loss electron energy-loss spectroscopy of iron oxide nanoparticles and imaging resolution of Ag nanoparticles in liquid down to 0.24 nm, in both transmission and scanning transmission modes, in a novel, monolithic liquid cell developed for the transmission electron microscope (TEM). At typical SiN membrane thicknesses of 50 nm the liquid-layer thickness has a maximum change of only 30 nm for the entire TEM viewing area of 200 x 200 mu m. C1 [Tanase, Mihaela; Winterstein, Jonathan; Sharma, Renu; Aksyuk, Vladimir; Holland, Glenn; Liddle, James A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tanase, Mihaela] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 FU National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026] FX M.T. acknowledges support under the National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 37 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1629 EP 1638 DI 10.1017/S1431927615015482 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA CY8LS UT WOS:000366660500027 PM 26650072 ER PT J AU Early, KT Nesbitt, DJ AF Early, Kevin T. Nesbitt, David J. TI Ultrafast Laser Studies of Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence Intermittency in Single CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE quantum dots; ultrafast; kinetics; photoionization; exciton; intraband ID EXCITATION-WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; POWER-LAW BEHAVIOR; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; BLINKING; MOLECULE; FLUOROPHORES; MICROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; NANORODS AB Two-photon fluorescence microscopy of single quantum dots conditions has been reported by several groups,(1-3) with contrasting observations regarding the kinetics and dynamics of fluorescence intermittency or "blinking". Here, we investigate the power dependence, kinetics, and statistics of two photon-excited fluorescence intermittency from single CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in a solid PMMA film as a function of sub-bandgap laser intensity at 800 nm. Fluorescence intermittency is observed at all excitation powers and a quadratic (n = 1.97(3)) dependence of the shot noise-limited fluorescence intensity on the incident laser power is verified, confirming essentially zero background contribution from one-photon excitation processes. Such analyses permit two photon absorption cross sections for single quantum dots to be extracted quantitatively from the data, which reveal good agreement with those obtained from previous two-photon FCS measurements. Strictly inverse power law-distributed off-state dwell times are observed for all excitation powers, with a mean power law exponent < m(off)> = 1.65(4) in excellent agreement with the behavior observed under one-photon excitation conditions. Finally, a superquadratic (n = 2.3(2)) rather than quartic (n = 4) power dependence is observed for the on-state blinking dwell times, which we kinetically analyze and interpret in terms of a novel 2 + 1 "hot" exciton ionization/blinking mechanism due to partially saturated 1-photon sub-bandgap excitation out of the two-photon single exciton state. The kinetic results are consistent with quantum dot photoionization quantum yields from "hot" exciton states (4(1) x 10(-6)) comparable with experimental estimates (10(-6)-10(-5)) of Auger ionization efficiencies out of the biexcitonic state. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0139]; National Science Foundation [CHE1266416, PHYS1125844]; National Academies FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-12-1-0139), with additional funds for optics and lasers provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE1266416, PHYS1125844). K.T.E. would also like to acknowledge financial assistance from the National Academies for a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 89 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 7781 EP 7787 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01139 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CY3WC UT WOS:000366339600001 PM 26542640 ER PT J AU Diroll, BT Weigandt, KM Jishkariani, D Cargnello, M Murphy, RJ Hough, LA Murray, CB Donnio, B AF Diroll, Benjamin T. Weigandt, Katie M. Jishkariani, Davit Cargnello, Matteo Murphy, Ryan J. Hough, Lawrence A. Murray, Christopher B. Donnio, Bertrand TI Quantifying "Softness" of Organic Coatings on Gold Nanoparticles Using Correlated Small-Angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Small-angle X-ray scattering; small-angle neutron scattering dendrimer; self-assembly; superlattice; gold nanoparticles ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES; COLLOIDAL NANOCRYSTALS; DENDRIMERS; DYNAMICS; METAMATERIALS; SUPERLATTICES; SURFACE; DESIGN; CHAINS AB Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering provide powerful tools to selectively characterize the inorganic and organic components of hybrid nanomaterials. Using hydrophobic gold nanoparticles coated with several commercial and dendritic thiols, the size of the organic layer on the gold particles is shown to increase from 1.2 to 4.1 nm. A comparison between solid-state diffraction from self-assembled lattices of nanoparticles and the solution data from neutron scattering suggests that engineering softness/deformability in nanoparticle coatings is less straightforward than simply increasing the organic size. The "dendritic effect" in which higher generations yield increasingly compact molecules explains changes in the deformability of organic ligand shells. C1 [Diroll, Benjamin T.; Jishkariani, Davit; Cargnello, Matteo; Murray, Christopher B.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Weigandt, Katie M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jishkariani, Davit; Murphy, Ryan J.; Hough, Lawrence A.; Donnio, Bertrand] CNRS SOLVAY Univ Penn, Complex Assemblies Soft Matter Lab COMPASS, CRTB, UMI 3254, Bristol, PA 19007 USA. [Murray, Christopher B.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Donnio, Bertrand] Univ Strasbourg, IPCMS, CNRS, UMR 7504, F-67034 Strasbourg 2, France. RP Murray, CB (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM cbmurray@sas.upenn.edu; bdonnio@ipcms.unistra.fr RI Donnio, Bertrand/I-1305-2016; OI Donnio, Bertrand/0000-0001-5907-7705; Jishkariani, Davit/0000-0003-3771-2645; Cargnello, Matteo/0000-0002-7344-9031 FU CNRS-UPENN-SOLVAY through the Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter Lab. (COMPASS); Penn's NSF MRSEC [DMR-112090]; nSoft Consortium; DANSE project under NSF [DMR-0520547]; ANR [12BS10-003] FX This work was supported by the CNRS-UPENN-SOLVAY through the Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter Lab. (COMPASS), in partnership with Penn's NSF MRSEC under Award No. DMR-112090. SANS work was conducted on the 10 m SANS line at the NIST Center for Neutron Research, supported in part by the nSoft Consortium. This work benefited from SasView software, originally developed by the DANSE project under NSF Award No. DMR-0520547. C.B.M. acknowledges the Richard Perry University Professorship at the University of Pennsylvania. B.D. acknowledges additional support from the ANR Programme blanc, METABIP, 12BS10-003. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 8008 EP 8012 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04011 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CY3WC UT WOS:000366339600034 PM 26580005 ER PT J AU Chae, J Dong, QF Huang, JS Centrone, A AF Chae, Jungseok Dong, Qingfeng Huang, Jinsong Centrone, Andrea TI Chloride Incorporation Process in CH3NH3PbI3-xCIx Perovskites via Nanoscale Bandgap Maps SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mixed-halide organolead perovskites; PTIR; bandgap; nanoscale mapping solar cells ID MIXED HALIDE PEROVSKITE; SOLAR-CELLS; PTIR TECHNIQUE; POLYMER NANOSTRUCTURES; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; TRIHALIDE PEROVSKITE; DIFFRACTION LIMIT; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENT; GROWTH AB CH3NH3PbI3,CI3-x perovskites enable fabrication of highly efficient solar cells. Chloride ions benefit the morphology, carrier diffusion length, and stability of perovskite films; however, whether those benefits stem from the presence of Cl- in the precursor solution or from their incorporation in annealed films is debated. In this work, the photothermal-induced resonance, an in situ technique with nanoscale resolution, is leveraged to measure the bandgap of CH3NH3PbI3,Cl-x films obtained by a multicyde coating process that produces high efficiency (-46%) solar cells. Because chloride ions modify the perovskite lattice, thereby widening the bandgap, measuring the bandgap locally yields the local chloride content. After a mild annealing (60 min, 60 degrees C) the films consist of Cl-rich (x < 0.3) and Cl-poor phases that upon further annealing (110 degrees C) evolve into a homogeneous Cl-poorer (x < 0.06) phase, suggesting that methylammonium-chrloride is progressively expelled from the film. Despite the small chloride content, CH3NH3PbI3,C1-x films show better thermal stability up to 140 degrees C with respect CH3NH3PbI3 films fabricated with the same methodology. C1 [Chae, Jungseok; Centrone, Andrea] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chae, Jungseok] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dong, Qingfeng; Huang, Jinsong] Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Huang, JS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jhuang2@unl.edu; andrea.centrone@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1505535, 1538893] FX We thank the partial financial support from National Science Foundation Grant awards DMR-1505535 and 1538893. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 94 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 8114 EP 8121 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03556 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CY3WC UT WOS:000366339600049 PM 26528710 ER PT J AU Nikoobakht, B Herzing, A Muramoto, S Tersoff, J AF Nikoobakht, Babak Herzing, Andrew Muramoto, Shin Tersoff, Jerry TI Vapor-Liquid-Solid Etch of Semiconductor Surface Channels by Running Gold Nanodroplets SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Surface-directed; VLS; nanochannel; surface etch; directed assembly; scalable; semiconductor ID GUIDED GROWTH; NANOWIRES; GAAS; AU; INP AB We show that Au nanoparticles spontaneously move across the (001) surface of InP, InAs, and GaP when heated in the presence of water vapor. As they move, the particles etch crystallographically aligned grooves into the surface. We show that this process is a negative analogue of the vapor liquid solid (VLS) growth of semiconductor nanowires: the semiconductor dissolves into the catalyst and reacts with water vapor at the catalyst surface to create volatile oxides, depleting the dissolved cations and anions and thus A sustaining the dissolution process. This VLS etching process provides a new tool for directed assembly of structures with sublithographic dimensions, as small as a few nanometers in diameter. Au particles above 100 nm in size do not exhibit this process but remain stationary, with oxide accumulating around the particles. C1 [Nikoobakht, Babak; Herzing, Andrew; Muramoto, Shin] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tersoff, Jerry] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Nikoobakht, B (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8372, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babakn@nist.gov; tersoff@us.ibm.com RI Muramoto, Shin/I-6710-2016 OI Muramoto, Shin/0000-0003-3135-375X FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 8360 EP 8364 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04051 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CY3WC UT WOS:000366339600088 PM 26599639 ER PT J AU Pradhan, NR McCreary, A Rhodes, D Lu, ZG Feng, SM Manousakis, E Smirnov, D Namburu, R Dubey, M Walker, ARH Terrones, H Terrones, M Dobrosavljevic, V Balicas, L AF Pradhan, Nihar R. McCreary, Amber Rhodes, Daniel Lu, Zhengguang Feng, Simin Manousakis, Efstratios Smirnov, Dmitry Namburu, Raju Dubey, Madan Walker, Angela R. Hight Terrones, Humberto Terrones, Mauricio Dobrosavljevic, Vladimir Balicas, Luis TI Metal to Insulator Quantum-Phase Transition in Few-Layered ReS2 SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Transition metal dichalcogenides; rhenium disulfide; Raman scattering; field-effect transistor; field-effect mobilities; metal-insulator transition ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; 2 DIMENSIONS; MOS2 TRANSISTORS; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; SINGLE-LAYER; WS2; LOCALIZATION; MONOLAYER; HALL; MOBILITIES AB In ReS2, a layer-independent direct band gap of 1.5 eV implies a potential for its use in optoelectronic applications. ReS2 crystallizes in the 1T'-structure, which leads to anisotropic physical properties and whose concomitant electronic structure might host a nontrivial topology. Here, we report an overall evaluation of the anisotropic Raman response and the transport properties of few-layered ReS2 field-effect transistors. We find that ReS2 exfoliated on SiO2 behaves as an n-type semiconductor with an intrinsic carrier mobility surpassing mu(i) similar to 30 cm(2)/(V s) at T = 300 K, which increases up to similar to 350 cm(2)/(V s) at 2 K. Semiconducting behavior is observed at low electron densities n, but at high values of n the resistivity decreases by a factor of >7 upon cooling to 2 K and displays a metallic T-2-dependence. This suggests that the band structure of 1T'-ReS2 is quite susceptible to an electric field applied perpendicularly to the layers. The electric-field induced metallic state observed in transition metal dichalcogenides was recently claimed to result from a percolation type of transition. Instead, through a scaling analysis of the conductivity as a function of T and n, we find that the metallic state of ReS2 results from a second-order metal-to-insulator transition driven by electronic correlations. This gate-induced metallic state offers an alternative to phase engineering for producing ohmic contacts and metallic interconnects in devices based on transition metal dichalcogenides. C1 [Pradhan, Nihar R.; Rhodes, Daniel; Lu, Zhengguang; Manousakis, Efstratios; Smirnov, Dmitry; Dobrosavljevic, Vladimir; Balicas, Luis] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [McCreary, Amber; Feng, Simin; Terrones, Mauricio] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. [McCreary, Amber; Feng, Simin; Terrones, Mauricio] Penn State Univ, Ctr Dimens & Layered Mat 2, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. [McCreary, Amber; Namburu, Raju] US Army, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [McCreary, Amber; Dubey, Madan] US Army, Res Lab, Sensor & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Rhodes, Daniel; Lu, Zhengguang; Manousakis, Efstratios; Dobrosavljevic, Vladimir] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Terrones, Humberto] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Terrones, Mauricio] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. [Terrones, Mauricio] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. [Terrones, Mauricio] Shinshu Univ, Carbon Inst Sci & Technol, Nagano 3808553, Japan. RP Balicas, L (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM balicas@magnet.fsu.edu RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU U.S. Army Research Office MURI [W911NF-11-1-0362]; NHMFL UCGP [5087]; DOE BES Division [DE-FG02-07ER46451]; NSF [NSF-DMR-0084173, DMR-1410132]; State of Florida; National Science Foundation [EFRI-1433311]; US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Director's Strategic Initiative (DSI) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office MURI Grant No. W911NF-11-1-0362. J.L. acknowledges the support by NHMFL UCGP No. 5087. Z.L. and D.S. acknowledge the support by DOE BES Division under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46451. The NHMFL is supported by NSF through NSF-DMR-0084173 and the State of Florida. H.T. acknowledges the support from the National Science Foundation (EFRI-1433311). A.M., R.R.N., and M.D. acknowledge the support from the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Director's Strategic Initiative (DSI) program on interfaces in stacked 2D atomic layered materials. V.D. is supported by the NSF through Grant No. DMR-1410132. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 23 U2 130 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 8377 EP 8384 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04100 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CY3WC UT WOS:000366339600091 PM 26599563 ER PT J AU Enochs, IC Manzello, DP Donham, EM Kolodziej, G Okano, R Johnston, L Young, C Iguel, J Edwards, CB Fox, MD Valentino, L Johnson, S Benavente, D Clark, SJ Carlton, R Burton, T Eynaud, Y Price, NN AF Enochs, I. C. Manzello, D. P. Donham, E. M. Kolodziej, G. Okano, R. Johnston, L. Young, C. Iguel, J. Edwards, C. B. Fox, M. D. Valentino, L. Johnson, S. Benavente, D. Clark, S. J. Carlton, R. Burton, T. Eynaud, Y. Price, N. N. TI Shift from coral to macroalgae dominance on a volcanically acidified reef SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBONIC-ACID; SEAWATER; CO2; DISSOCIATION; WATER; CALCIFICATION; RECRUITMENT; CONSTANTS AB Rising anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere is accompanied by an increase in oceanic CO2 and a concomitant decline in seawater pH (ref. 1). This phenomenon, known as ocean acidification (OA), has been experimentally shown to impact the biology and ecology of numerous animals and plants(2), most notably those that precipitate calcium carbonate skeletons, such as reef-building corals(3). Volcanically acidified water at Maug, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) is equivalent to near-future predictions for what coral reef ecosystems will experience worldwide due to OA. We provide the first chemical and ecological assessment of this unique site and show that acidification-related stress significantly influences the abundance and diversity of coral reef taxa, leading to the often-predicted shift from a coral to an algae-dominated state(4,5). This study provides field evidence that acidification can lead to macroalgae dominance on reefs. C1 [Enochs, I. C.; Kolodziej, G.; Valentino, L.; Carlton, R.; Burton, T.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enochs, I. C.; Manzello, D. P.; Kolodziej, G.; Valentino, L.; Carlton, R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Donham, E. M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Donham, E. M.; Price, N. N.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. [Okano, R.; Johnston, L.; Iguel, J.; Johnson, S.; Benavente, D.] Gualo Rai Ctr Chalan Pale Arnold, Div Coastal Resources Management, CNMI Bur Environm & Coastal Qual, Saipan, CM 96950 USA. [Young, C.; Clark, S. J.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Edwards, C. B.; Fox, M. D.; Eynaud, Y.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Enochs, IC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ienochs@rsmas.miami.edu RI Kolodziej, Graham/A-3034-2017; Valentino, Lauren/A-3068-2017; Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014 OI Kolodziej, Graham/0000-0001-5483-8923; Valentino, Lauren/0000-0002-8748-9050; Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361 FU NOAA's CRCP; OAP FX Funding was provided by NOAA's CRCP and OAP. We are grateful for the support and guidance of F. Rabauliman and F. Castro at BECQ/DCRM, M. Pangelinan and T. Miller at DFW, as well as J. Morgan, J. Tomczuk and D. Okano at NOAA. The crews of the Hi'Ialakai and Super Emerald provided logistic support. F. Forrestal and T. Dearg provided assistance with developing the manuscript. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1083 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2758 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CY4UA UT WOS:000366402900018 ER PT J AU Little, CM Horton, RM Kopp, RE Oppenheimer, M Vecchi, GA Villarini, G AF Little, Christopher M. Horton, Radley M. Kopp, Robert E. Oppenheimer, Michael Vecchi, Gabriel A. Villarini, Gabriele TI Joint projections of US East Coast sea level and storm surge SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID DISSIPATION INDEX PDI; CYCLONE ENERGY ACE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; POWER DISSIPATION; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; CLIMATE MODELS; UNITED-STATES; CMIP5 MODELS; RISE; VARIABILITY AB Future coastal flood risk will be strongly influenced by sea-level rise (SLR) and changes in the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones. These two factors are generally considered independently. Here, we assess twenty-first century changes in the coastal hazard for the US East Coast using a flood index (FI) that accounts for changes in flood duration and magnitude driven by SLR and changes in power dissipation index (PDI, an integrated measure of tropical cyclone intensity, frequency and duration). Sea-level rise and PDI are derived from representative concentration pathway (RCP) simulations of 15 atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs). By 2080-2099, projected changes in the FI relative to 1986-2005 are substantial and positively skewed: a 10th-90th percentile range 4-75 times higher for RCP 2.6 and 35-350 times higher for RCP 8.5. High-end FI projections are driven by three AOGCMs that project the largest increases in SLR, PDI and upper ocean temperatures. Changes in PDI are particularly influential if their intra-model correlation with SLR is included, increasing the RCP 8.5 90th percentile FI by a further 25%. Sea-level rise from other, possibly correlated, climate processes (for example, ice sheet and glacier mass changes) will further increase coastal flood risk and should be accounted for in comprehensive assessments. C1 [Little, Christopher M.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Horton, Radley M.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Horton, Radley M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Kopp, Robert E.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Energy Inst, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kopp, Robert E.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Oppenheimer, Michael] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Oppenheimer, Michael] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52212 USA. RP Little, CM (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM clittle@aer.com RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016; OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370; Kopp, Robert/0000-0003-4016-9428 FU Carbon Mitigation Initiative in the Princeton Environmental Institute; New Jersey Sea Grant under NOAA [6410-0012, NA11OAR4310101]; USACE Institute for Water Resources FX C.M.L. is grateful for inspiration from the New York City Panel on Climate Change and the Structures of Coastal Resilience project (http://www.structuresofcoastalresilience.org), discussions with R. Ponte, C. Piecuch and K. Quinn, and financial support from the Carbon Mitigation Initiative in the Princeton Environmental Institute. The NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory provided data and analysis tools. R.E.K.'s contribution to this project was supported by New Jersey Sea Grant project 6410-0012 (under NOAA grant NA11OAR4310101). G.V. acknowledges financial support from the USACE Institute for Water Resources. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups (listed in Supplementary Tables 1 and 2) for producing and making available their model output. The US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support for CMIP and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1114 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2801 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CY4UA UT WOS:000366402900023 ER PT J AU Mohanty, UC Osuri, KK Tallapragada, V Marks, FD Pattanayak, S Mohapatra, M Rathore, LS Gopalakrishnan, SG Niyogi, D AF Mohanty, U. C. Osuri, Krishna K. Tallapragada, Vijay Marks, Frank D. Pattanayak, Sujata Mohapatra, M. Rathore, L. S. Gopalakrishnan, S. G. Niyogi, Dev TI A Great Escape from the Bay of Bengal "Super Sapphire-Phailin'' Tropical Cyclone: A Case of Improved Weather Forecast and Societal Response for Disaster Mitigation SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Mesoscale models; Numerical weather prediction/forecasting ID STORM-SURGE; MODEL; PREDICTION; SIMULATION; SEA AB The very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS) "Phailin (2013)'' was the strongest cyclone that hit the eastern coast of the India Odisha state since the supercyclone of 1999. But the same story of casualties was not repeated as that of 1999 where approximately 10 000 fatalities were reported. In the case of Phailin, a record 1 million people were evacuated across 18 000 villages in both the Odisha and Andhra Pradesh states to coastal shelters following the improved operational forecast guidance that benefited from highly skillful and accurate numerical model guidance for the movement, intensity, rainfall, and storm surge. Thus, the property damage and death toll were minimized through the proactive involvement of three-tier disaster management agencies at central, state, and district levels. C1 [Mohanty, U. C.; Osuri, Krishna K.; Pattanayak, Sujata] Indian Inst Technol, Sch Earth Ocean & Climate Sci, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India. [Osuri, Krishna K.; Marks, Frank D.; Gopalakrishnan, S. G.] NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Osuri, Krishna K.] Natl Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Rourkela, Odisha, India. [Tallapragada, Vijay] NOAA NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Mohapatra, M.; Rathore, L. S.] Indian Meteorol Dept, New Delhi, India. [Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Niyogi, D (reprint author), Purdue Univ, LILY 2-420,915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM niyogi@gmail.com RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /I-5773-2013 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /0000-0003-1384-7860 FU Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP); Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS); MoES; Department of Science and Technology (DST), government of India; NSF [CAREER-0847472] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the sustained support provided by the Indo-U.S. Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF) and the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the Ministry of Earth Science (MoES), India. The NOAA authors acknowledge funding from the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP) for sustained support of the developments leading to the HWRF system. The Indian authors acknowledge the research grant from the Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), MoES, and Department of Science and Technology (DST), government of India, and Dev Niyogi acknowledges the NSF CAREER-0847472 Grant. We acknowledge the contribution from Dr. Thiago Quirino for helping with the graphics. Authors acknowledge Dr. Rajasekhar, SHAR, ISRO for providing ECMWF VarEPS products for TC Phailin. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 19 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1175/EI-D-14-0032.1 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CY4OK UT WOS:000366387300001 ER PT J AU Bieniek, PA Bhatt, US Walker, DA Raynolds, MK Comiso, JC Epstein, HE Pinzon, JE Tucker, CJ Thoman, RL Tran, H Molders, N Steele, M Zhang, JL Ermold, W AF Bieniek, Peter A. Bhatt, Uma S. Walker, Donald A. Raynolds, Martha K. Comiso, Josefino C. Epstein, Howard E. Pinzon, Jorge E. Tucker, Compton J. Thoman, Richard L. Huy Tran Moelders, Nicole Steele, Michael Zhang, Jinlun Ermold, Wendy TI Climate Drivers Linked to Changing Seasonality of Alaska Coastal Tundra Vegetation Productivity SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Geographic location/entity; Arctic; Land surface; Atmosphere-ocean structure/phenomena; Vegetation; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Climate variability ID ARCTIC SEA-ICE; NORTHERN ALASKA; AIR-TEMPERATURE; TIME-SERIES; TRENDS; WINTER; FIELD; TELECONNECTIONS; PRECIPITATION; AMPLIFICATION AB The mechanisms driving trends and variability of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for tundra in Alaska along the Beaufort, east Chukchi, and east Bering Seas for 1982-2013 are evaluated in the context of remote sensing, reanalysis, and meteorological station data as well as regional modeling. Over the entire season the tundra vegetation continues to green; however, biweekly NDVI has declined during the early part of the growing season in all of the Alaskan tundra domains. These springtime declines coincide with increased snow depth in spring documented in northern Alaska. The tundra region generally has warmed over the summer but intraseasonal analysis shows a decline in midsummer land surface temperatures. The midsummer cooling is consistent with recent large-scale circulation changes characterized by lower sea level pressures, which favor increased cloud cover. In northern Alaska, the sea-breeze circulation is strengthened with an increase in atmospheric moisture/cloudiness inland when the land surface is warmed in a regional model, suggesting the potential for increased vegetation to feedback onto the atmospheric circulation that could reduce midsummer temperatures. This study shows that both large-and local-scale climate drivers likely play a role in the observed seasonality of NDVI trends. C1 [Bieniek, Peter A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bieniek, Peter A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Atmospher Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Bieniek, Peter A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Walker, Donald A.; Raynolds, Martha K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Walker, Donald A.; Raynolds, Martha K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Comiso, Josefino C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Epstein, Howard E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Pinzon, Jorge E.; Tucker, Compton J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thoman, Richard L.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Huy Tran] Utah State Univ, Bingham Entrepreneurship & Energy Res Ctr, Vernal, UT USA. [Steele, Michael; Zhang, Jinlun; Ermold, Wendy] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Bieniek, PA (reprint author), 930 Koyukuk Dr,POB 757340, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pbieniek@alaska.edu FU NSF Grants [ARC-051180, ARC-0902175, ARC-0902042, ARC-0901987]; NASA [NNG6NEA00A, NNX13AE29G]; USGS Alaska Climate Science Center; University of Alaska Fairbanks Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research FX The authors thank Jim Overland, John Walsh, Matthew Sturm, Torre Jorgenson, Xiangdong Zhang, Debasish Pai Mazumder, Ann Fienup-Riordan, Alice Reardon, Mark John, the members of the Calista Elders Council, and the two anonymous reviewers for their fruitful discussions that helped to improve this study. This study was supported by funds from NSF Grants ARC-051180, ARC-0902175, ARC-0902042, and ARC-0901987, NASA Grants NNG6NEA00A and NNX13AE29G, the USGS Alaska Climate Science Center, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research. NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 19 AR 19 DI 10.1175/EI-D-15-0013.1 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CY4OZ UT WOS:000366389100001 ER PT J AU Falco, J Van Wyk, K Liu, S Carpin, S AF Falco, Joe Van Wyk, Karl Liu, Shuo Carpin, Stefano TI Grasping the Performance Facilitating Replicable Performance Measures via Benchmarking and Standardized Methodologies SO IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID UNDERACTUATED HAND; COMPLIANT C1 [Falco, Joe; Van Wyk, Karl] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Shuo] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Engn, Merced, CA USA. [Carpin, Stefano] Univ Calif Merced, Merced, CA USA. RP Falco, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM falco@nist.gov; karl.vanwyk@nist.gov; sliu33@ucmerced.edu; scarpin@ucmerced.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB12H143] FX S. Liu and S. Carpin are partially supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology under cooperative agreement 70NANB12H143. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in these materials are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressly or implied, of the funding agencies of the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9932 EI 1558-223X J9 IEEE ROBOT AUTOM MAG JI IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 4 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1109/MRA.2015.2460891 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA CY4ZF UT WOS:000366416800014 ER PT J AU Zarate, PM Bjorndal, KA Seminoff, JA Dutton, PH Bolten, AB AF Zarate, Patricia M. Bjorndal, Karen A. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Dutton, Peter H. Bolten, A. B. TI Somatic Growth Rates of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) and Hawksbills (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Galapagos Islands SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SEA-TURTLES; FEEDING GROUNDS; FORAGING AREA; PUERTO-RICO; AGE; SKELETOCHRONOLOGY; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; SIZE AB Growth rates can be used as an indicator of overall turtle population health and provide a baseline against which to compare the quality of, or changes in, the conditions in foraging habitats. Previous studies of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the waters of the Galapagos Archipelago in the late 1970s revealed some of the slowest growth rates ever reported for immature Green Turtles. In this study, we evaluate whether growth rates have changed since the earlier study and the effects of color morph, body size, recapture interval, year, and site of capture on growth rates for Green Turtles at four key foraging grounds in the Galapagos Islands between 2003 and 2008. Results of this study confirm that somatic growth in Galapagos Green Turtles is very slow. In addition, somatic growth is significantly affected by morph, body size, and spatial variation. Mean growth rates generate implausibly long estimates of 133-200 yr for Galapagos Green Turtles to grow from 40-cm straight carapace length to sexual maturity. We also present some data for growth in Hawksbills (Eretmochelys imbricata), representing the first information of growth rates for Hawksbills in the Archipelago. C1 [Zarate, Patricia M.; Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, A. B.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zarate, Patricia M.; Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, A. B.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zarate, Patricia M.] Charles Darwin Fdn, Marine Sci Program, Santa Cruz Isl, Galapagos Islan, Ecuador. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.; Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Zarate, PM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pzarate@ufl.edu OI Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Turner Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge field and research assistance provided by Z. Smith, J. Carrion, N. Beaumont, I. Bravo. C. Chasiluisa, M. Robles, C. Gonzalez, F. Gomez, L. Molina, R. Andrade, S. Castillo, M. A. Fernie, M. Parra, E. Palacios, M. Gonzalez, D. Paez, P. Swannel, and all of the many volunteers. Figure 1 was created with seaturtle. org Maptool (www.seaturtle.org/maptool/). Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Turner Foundation. We also thank the Galapagos National Park for providing research permits for this investigation and approval of animal research protocols. We thank the administration, quarantine and inspection, and science areas and their staff at the Charles Darwin Foundation for support and assistance. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 28 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 4 BP 641 EP 648 DI 10.1670/14-078 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CY1PY UT WOS:000366181100019 ER PT J AU Dufour, CO Griffies, SM de Souza, GF Frenger, I Morrison, AK Palter, JB Sarmiento, JL Galbraith, ED Dunne, JP Anderson, WG Slater, RD AF Dufour, Carolina O. Griffies, Stephen M. de Souza, Gregory F. Frenger, Ivy Morrison, Adele K. Palter, Jaime B. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Galbraith, Eric D. Dunne, John P. Anderson, Whit G. Slater, Richard D. TI Role of Mesoscale Eddies in Cross-Frontal Transport of Heat and Biogeochemical Tracers in the Southern Ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Geographic location; entity; Southern Ocean; Circulation; Dynamics; Advection; Diffusion; Eddies; Fronts; Transport ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; DIVERGENT EDDY FLUXES; CLIMATE MODELS; DRAKE PASSAGE; GLOBAL OCEAN; MIXED-LAYER; Z-COORDINATE; GULF-STREAM; DEEP-OCEAN AB This study examines the role of processes transporting tracers across the Polar Front (PF) in the depth interval between the surface and major topographic sills, which this study refers to as the PF core. A preindustrial control simulation of an eddying climate model coupled to a biogeochemical model [GFDL Climate Model, version 2.6 (CM2.6)- simplified version of the Biogeochemistry with Light Iron Nutrients and Gas (miniBLING) 0.1 degrees ocean model] is used to investigate the transport of heat, carbon, oxygen, and phosphate across the PF core, with a particular focus on the role of mesoscale eddies. The authors find that the total transport across the PF core results from a ubiquitous Ekman transport that drives the upwelled tracers to the north and a localized opposing eddy transport that induces tracer leakages to the south at major topographic obstacles. In the Ekman layer, the southward eddy transport only partially compensates the northward Ekman transport, while below the Ekman layer, the southward eddy transport dominates the total transport but remains much smaller in magnitude than the near-surface northward transport. Most of the southward branch of the total transport is achieved below the PF core, mainly through geostrophic currents. This study finds that the eddy-diffusive transport reinforces the southward eddy-advective transport for carbon and heat, and opposes it for oxygen and phosphate. Eddy-advective transport is likely to be the leading-order component of eddy-induced transport for all four tracers. However, eddy-diffusive transport may provide a significant contribution to the southward eddy heat transport due to strong along-isopycnal temperature gradients. C1 [Dufour, Carolina O.; de Souza, Gregory F.; Frenger, Ivy; Morrison, Adele K.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Slater, Richard D.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Dunne, John P.; Anderson, Whit G.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Palter, Jaime B.] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Galbraith, Eric D.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Dufour, CO (reprint author), Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM cdufour@princeton.edu RI Frenger, Ivy/B-9023-2017 OI Frenger, Ivy/0000-0002-3490-7239 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX14AL40G]; Princeton Environmental Institute Grand Challenge initiative; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [P300P2-147747]; NASA [NNX14AL40G]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0012457]; SNSF Early Postdoc Mobility Fellowship [P2EZP2-152133]; Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) project under the National Science Foundation [PLR-1425989] FX The CM2.6-miniBLING control simulation was run at GFDL through a large co-operative effort involving a substantial commitment of computational resources and data storage. C.O. Dufour was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Award NNX14AL40G and by the Princeton Environmental Institute Grand Challenge initiative. G. F. de Souza was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Postdoctoral Fellowship P300P2-147747 and NASA under Award NNX14AL40G. A. K. Morrison was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Award DE-SC0012457. I. Frenger was supported by the SNSF Early Postdoc Mobility Fellowship P2EZP2-152133. J. L. Sarmiento was supported by the Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) project under the National Science Foundation Award PLR-1425989. R. D. Slater was supported by NASA under Award NNX14AL40G. We thank Michael Winton, Alison Gray, and Robert Hallberg for helpful comments and discussions on this manuscript and Youngrak Cho for his technical help on the schematic of Fig. 11. We are very grateful to Andrew Thompson for providing sound and insightful comments through several rounds of reviews that greatly improved this manuscript. We also thank an anonymous reviewer for useful comments. NR 95 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 45 IS 12 BP 3057 EP 3081 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0240.1 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CY4RC UT WOS:000366394900003 ER PT J AU Tang, J Byrne, D Zhang, JA Wang, Y Lei, XT Wu, D Fang, PZ Zhao, BK AF Tang, Jie Byrne, David Zhang, Jun A. Wang, Yuan Lei, Xiao-tu Wu, Dan Fang, Ping-zhi Zhao, Bing-ke TI Horizontal Transition of Turbulent Cascade in the Near-Surface Layer of Tropical Cyclones SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Nonlinear dynamics; Turbulence; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Boundary layer; Tropical cyclones; Observational techniques and algorithms; In situ atmospheric observations; In situ oceanic observations ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; EDDY DIFFUSIVITY; INTENSITY; INTENSIFICATION; CONVECTION; EXCHANGE; FLUID; INDEX AB Tropical cyclones (TC) consist of a large range of interacting scales from hundreds of kilometers to a few meters. The energy transportation among these different scalesthat is, from smaller to larger scales (upscale) or vice versa (downscale)may have profound impacts on TC energy dynamics as a result of the associated changes in available energy sources and sinks. From multilayer tower measurements in the low-level (<120 m) boundary layer of several landing TCs, the authors found there are two distinct regions where the energy flux changes from upscale to downscale as a function of distance to the storm center. The boundary between these two regions is approximately 1.5 times the radius of maximum wind. Two-dimensional turbulence (upscale cascade) occurs more typically at regions close to the inner-core region of TCs, while 3D turbulence (downscale cascade) mostly occurs at the outer-core region in the surface layer. C1 [Tang, Jie; Lei, Xiao-tu; Wu, Dan; Fang, Ping-zhi; Zhao, Bing-ke] China Meteorol Adm, Shanghai Typhoon Inst, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Tang, Jie; Wang, Yuan] Nanjing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Tang, Jie; Wang, Yuan] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Byrne, David] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys Grp, Zurich, Switzerland. [Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, 22 Hankou Rd, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM yuanasm@nju.edu.cn RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 FU Major State Basic Research Development Program of China [2015CB452801, 2013CB430305]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41475060, 41275057]; Public Benefit Research Foundation of China [GYHY201406010]; NOAA's Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Project (HFIP) Grant [NA14NWS4680028]; NASA Grant [NNX14AM69G]; ETH Research Grant [CH2-01-11-1] FX This work is supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (2015CB452801 and 2013CB430305), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41475060 and 41275057), and the Public Benefit Research Foundation of China (GYHY201406010). Jun Zhang was supported by NOAA's Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Project (HFIP) Grant NA14NWS4680028 and NASA Grant NNX14AM69G. David Byrne was supported by ETH Research Grant CH2-01-11-1. We also thank three reviewers for their comments that helped substantially improve our paper. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 72 IS 12 BP 4915 EP 4925 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0373.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CY3UL UT WOS:000366335300001 ER PT J AU Tong, MS Zhang, H Ott, D Chu, W Song, J AF Tong, Mingsi Zhang, Hao Ott, Daniel Chu, Wei Song, John TI Applications of the spline filter for areal filtration SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spline filter; isotropic; boundary condition; areal filtration; surface metrology AB This paper proposes a general use isotropic areal spline filter. This new areal spline filter can achieve isotropy by approximating the transmission characteristic of the Gaussian filter. It can also eliminate the effect of void areas using a weighting factor, and resolve end-effect issues by applying new boundary conditions, which replace the first order finite difference in the traditional spline formulation. These improvements make the spline filter widely applicable to 3D surfaces and extend the applications of the spline filter in areal filtration. C1 [Tong, Mingsi] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Tong, Mingsi; Zhang, Hao; Ott, Daniel; Chu, Wei; Song, John] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Hao] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Tong, MS (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. EM mingsi.tong@gmail.com OI Ott, Daniel/0000-0001-5221-8819 FU NIST's Forensic Measurement Challenge Project [FMC2012]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [E051101]; Jiangsu University Natural Science Foundation [12KJB460006] FX The funding for this research is provided by NIST's Forensic Measurement Challenge Project (FMC2012), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (E051101) and Jiangsu University Natural Science Foundation (12KJB460006). The authors are grateful to J A Soons and T V Vorburger for their valuable help. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 26 IS 12 AR 127002 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/26/12/127002 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CY5LD UT WOS:000366448200038 ER PT J AU Barnston, AG Vigaud, N Long, LN Tippett, MK Schemm, JKE AF Barnston, Anthony G. Vigaud, Nicolas Long, Lindsey N. Tippett, Michael K. Schemm, Jae-Kyung E. TI Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity in Response to the MJO in NOAA's CFS Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Geographic location; entity; North Atlantic Ocean; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Hurricanes; typhoons; Madden-Julian oscillation; Forecasting; Climate prediction; Models and modeling; Coupled models; Model evaluation; performance ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SYSTEM VERSION 2; PREDICTION; PREDICTABILITY; PACIFIC; WAVES; BASIN AB The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is known to exert some control on the variations of North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity within a hurricane season. To explore the possibility of better TC predictions based on improved MJO forecasts, retrospective hindcast data on MJO and on TC activity are examined both in the current operational version of the CFSv2 model (T126 horizontal resolution) and a high-resolution (T382) experimental version of CFS. Goals are to determine how well each CFS version reproduces reality in 1) predicting MJO and 2) reproducing observed relationships between MJO phase and TC activity. For the operational CFSv2, skill of forecasts of TC activity is evaluated directly.Both CFS versions reproduce MJO behavior realistically and also roughly approximate observed relationships between MJO phase and TC activity. Specific biases in the high-resolution CFS are identified and their causes explored. The high-resolution CFS partially reproduces an observed weak tendency for TC activity to propagate eastward during and following the high-activity MJO phases. The operational (T126) CFSv2 shows useful skill (correlation >0.5) in predicting the MJO phase and amplitude out to similar to 3 weeks. A systematic error of slightly too slow MJO propagation is detected in the operational CFSv2, which still shows usable skill (correlation >0.3) in predicting weekly variations in TC activity out to 10-14 days. A conclusion is that prediction of intraseasonal variations of TC activity by CFSv2 is already possible and implemented in real-time predictions. An advantage of the higher resolution in the T382 version is unable to be confirmed. C1 [Barnston, Anthony G.; Vigaud, Nicolas; Tippett, Michael K.] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Long, Lindsey N.; Schemm, Jae-Kyung E.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Long, Lindsey N.] Innovim LLC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Dept Meteorol, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. RP Barnston, AG (reprint author), IRI, Monell Bldg,61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM tonyb@iri.columbia.edu RI Tippett, Michael/C-6286-2011 OI Tippett, Michael/0000-0002-7790-5364 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections Program Award [NA12OAR4310076] FX This study was supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections Program Award NA12OAR4310076. Most of the authors participated in NOAA's Climate Prediction Task Force. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 143 IS 12 BP 4905 EP 4927 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0127.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CY4RX UT WOS:000366397000001 ER PT J AU Lobser, DS Barentine, AES Cornell, EA Lewandowski, HJ AF Lobser, D. S. Barentine, A. E. S. Cornell, E. A. Lewandowski, H. J. TI Observation of a persistent non-equilibrium state in cold atoms SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Boltzmann noticed that his transport equation predicts special cases in which gases never reach thermal equilibrium. One example is the monopole breathe mode of atoms confined in a perfectly isotropic three-dimensional (3D) harmonic potential(1). Such a complete absence of damping had not been observed in nature, and this anomaly weakened Boltzmann's then-controversial claim to have established a microscopic, atomistic basis for thermodynamics. Only recently has non-damping of a monopole mode in lower-dimensional systems been reported in cold-atom experiments performed in highly elongated trap geometries(2,3). The difficulty in generating a sufficiently spherical harmonic confinement for cold atoms has so far prevented the observation of Boltzmann's fully 3D, isotropic case. Here, thanks to a new magnetic trap(4) capable of producing near-spherical harmonic confinement for cold atoms, we report a long-delayed vindication for Boltzmann: the observation of a 3D monopole mode for which the collisional contribution to damping vanishes. C1 [Lobser, D. S.; Barentine, A. E. S.; Cornell, E. A.; Lewandowski, H. J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lobser, D. S.; Barentine, A. E. S.; Cornell, E. A.; Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lobser, D. S.; Barentine, A. E. S.; Cornell, E. A.; Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lewandowski, HJ (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM lewandoh@colorado.edu FU Marsico Fund; NSF [PHY-1125844] FX This research was supported by the Marsico Fund and NSF grant PHY-1125844. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1009 EP + DI 10.1038/NPHYS3491 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CX7QZ UT WOS:000365898400014 ER PT J AU Song, ZY Lee, SK Wang, CZ Kirtman, BP Qiao, FL AF Song, Zhenya Lee, Sang-Ki Wang, Chunzai Kirtman, Ben P. Qiao, Fangli TI Contributions of the atmosphere-land and ocean-sea ice model components to the tropical Atlantic SST bias in CESM1 SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Tropical Atlantic SST bias; Implicit SST bias; CESM, Almosphere land model experiment; Ocean-sea ice model experiment ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; WARM WATER FORMATION; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; AFRICAN MONSOON; SYSTEM MODEL; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; PACIFIC AB In order to identify and quantify intrinsic errors in the atmosphere-land and ocean-sea ice model components of the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) and their contributions to the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) bias in CESM1, we propose a new method of diagnosis and apply it to a set of CESM1 simulations. Our analyses of the model simulations indicate that both the atmosphere-land and ocean-sea ice model components of CESM1 contain large errors in the tropical Atlantic. When the two model components are fully coupled, the intrinsic errors in the two components emerge quickly within a year with strong seasonality in their growth rates. In particular, the ocean-sea ice model contributes significantly in forcing the eastern equatorial Atlantic warm SST bias in early boreal summer. Further analysis shows that the upper thermocline water underneath the eastern equatorial Atlantic surface mixed layer is too warm in a stand-alone ocean-sea ice simulation of CESM1 forced with observed surface flux fields, suggesting that the mixed layer cooling associated with the entrainment of upper thermocline water is too weak in early boreal summer. Therefore, although we acknowledge the potential importance of the westerly wind bias in the western equatorial Atlantic and the low-level stratus cloud bias in the southeastern tropical Atlantic, both of which originate from the atmosphere-land model, we emphasize here that solving those problems in the atmosphere-land model alone does not resolve the equatorial Atlantic warm bias in CESM1. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Song, Zhenya; Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Song, Zhenya; Lee, Sang-Ki; Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Song, Zhenya; Qiao, Fangli] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Kirtman, Ben P.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causevvay, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Sang-Ki.Lee@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Song, Zhenya/0000-0002-8098-5529 FU National Science Foundation Grant [ATM-0850897]; Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41476023]; International Cooperation Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011DFA20970]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0850897, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) through grant 41476023, International Cooperation Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China 2011DFA20970, and the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). All model simulations used in this study were carried out at National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin, China, and by using NOAA high performance computing system in Boulder, Colorado. We would like to thank anonymous reviewers, Marlos Goes and Libby Johns for their helpful comments. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 BP 280 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.09.008 PN 2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CX9XA UT WOS:000366058600009 ER PT J AU Meisenkothen, F Steel, EB Prosa, TJ Henry, KT Kolli, RP AF Meisenkothen, Frederick Steel, Eric B. Prosa, Ty J. Henry, Karen T. Kolli, R. Prakash TI Effects of detector dead-time on quantitative analyses involving boron and multi-hit detection events in atom probe tomography SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Atomprobe; Dead-time; Boron; Dopant; Multi-hit; Field evaporation ID MICROCHANNEL-PLATE DETECTOR; FIELD EVAPORATION; MASS-SPECTRA; SYSTEM; RECONSTRUCTION; SILICON; IONS AB In atom probe tomography (APT), some elements tend to field evaporate preferentially in multi-hit detection events. Boron (B) is one such element. It is thought that a large fraction of the B signal may be lost during data acquisition and is not reported in the mass spectrum or in the 3-D APT reconstruction. Understanding the relationship between the field evaporation behavior of B and the limitations for detecting multi-hit events can provide insight into the signal loss mechanism for B and may suggest ways to improve B detection accuracy. The present work reports data for nominally pure B and for B-implanted silicon (Si) (NIST-SRM2137) at dose levels two-orders of magnitude lower than previously studied by Da Costa, et al. in 2012. Boron concentration profiles collected from SRM2137 specimens qualitatively confirmed a signal loss mechanism is at work in laser pulsed atom probe measurements of B in Si. Ion correlation analysis was used to graphically demonstrate that the detector dead-time results in few same isotope, same charge-state (SISCS) ion pairs being properly recorded in the multi-hit data, explaining why B is consistently under-represented in quantitative analyses. Given the important role of detector dead-time as a signal loss mechanism, the results from three different methods of estimating the detector dead-time are presented. The findings of this study apply to all quantitative analyses that involve multi-hit data, but the dead-time will have the greatest effect on the elements that have a significant quantity of ions detected in multi-hit events. Published by Elsevier By. C1 [Meisenkothen, Frederick; Steel, Eric B.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Prosa, Ty J.] CAMECA Instruments Inc, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Henry, Karen T.] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Kolli, R. Prakash] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Meisenkothen, F (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8372, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frederick.meisenkothen@nist.gov RI Kolli, Prakash/I-4463-2012 OI Kolli, Prakash/0000-0003-1345-1735 NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD DEC PY 2015 VL 159 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.07.009 PN 1 PG 11 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA CY2DW UT WOS:000366220000012 PM 26342554 ER PT J AU Duewer, DL Kline, MC Romsos, EL AF Duewer, David L. Kline, Margaret C. Romsos, Erica L. TI Real-time cdPCR opens a window into events occurring in the first few PCR amplification cycles SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR); Crossing threshold; Cumulative distribution; Ogive plot; Polymerase chain reaction model ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; QUANTITATION; EFFICIENCY; ACCURACY AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) end-point limiting dilution techniques, collectively termed "digital PCR (dPCR)", have been proposed as providing a potentially primary method for DNA quantification. We are evaluating several commercially available dPCR systems for use in certifying mass concentration in human genomic DNA reference materials. To better understand observed anomalies among results from chamber- and droplet-dPCR (cdPCR and ddPCR) systems, we have developed a graphical tool for evaluating and documenting the performance of PCR assays in real-time cdPCR systems: the ogive plot, the cumulative distribution of crossing threshold values. The ogive structure appears to embed information about early amplification events. We have successfully simulated ogives observed with different assays and reaction conditions using a four-stage amplification model parameterized by the probability of creating an intact 1) first generation "long" amplicon of indeterminate length from an original DNA target, 2) second generation defined-length amplicon from a long amplicon, and 3) defined-length amplicon from another defined-length amplicon. We are using insights from this model to optimize dPCR assay design and reaction conditions and to help validate assays proposed for use in value-assigning DNA reference materials. C1 [Duewer, David L.; Kline, Margaret C.; Romsos, Erica L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duewer, DL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.duewer@nist.gov FU National Institute of Justice; NIST Special Programs Office FX This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Justice through an interagency agreement with the NIST Special Programs Office. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 407 IS 30 BP 9061 EP 9069 DI 10.1007/s00216-015-9073-8 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CX7ER UT WOS:000365865200012 PM 26438478 ER PT J AU Ona-Ruales, JO Sharma, AK Wise, SA AF Ona-Ruales, Jorge O. Sharma, Arun K. Wise, Stephen A. TI Identification and quantification of six-ring C26H16 cata-condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coal tar SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Coal tar; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Standard reference material (SRM); Normal-phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (NPLC/UV-vis); Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION AB We applied a combination of normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the fractionation, identification, and quantification of six ring C26H16 cata-condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, in the Standard Reference Material 1597a, Complex Mixture of PAHs from Coal Tar. For the characterization analysis, we calculated the GC retention indices of 17 C26H16 PAH authentic reference standards using the Rxi-PAH and DB-5 GC columns. Then, we used NPLC with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy to isolate the fractions containing the C26H16 PAHs, and subsequently, we used GC/MS to establish the identity and quantity of the C26H16 PAHs using authentic reference standards. Following this procedure, 12 C26H16 cata-condensed PAHs benzo[c]pentaphene, dibenzo[f,k]tetraphene, benzo[h]pentaphene, dibenzo[a,l]tetracene, dibenzo[c,k]tetraphene, naphtho[2,3-c]tetraphene, dibenzo[a,c]tetracene, benzo[b]picene, dibenzo[a,j]tetracene, naphtho[2,1-a]tetracene, dibenzo[c,p]chrysene, and dibenzo[a,f]tetraphene were identified and quantified for the first time, and benzo[c]picene was quantified for the first time in an environmental combustion sample. C1 [Ona-Ruales, Jorge O.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sharma, Arun K.] Penn State Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Penn State Hershey Canc Inst, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Ona-Ruales, JO (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jorge.ona-ruales@nist.gov RI Ona, Jorge/I-1260-2014 OI Ona, Jorge/0000-0001-6907-9632 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 32 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 407 IS 30 BP 9165 EP 9176 DI 10.1007/s00216-015-9084-5 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CX7ER UT WOS:000365865200020 PM 26449848 ER PT J AU Slattery, O Ma, LJ Kuo, P Tang, X AF Slattery, Oliver Ma, Lijun Kuo, Paulina Tang, Xiao TI Narrow-linewidth source of greatly non-degenerate photon pairs for quantum repeaters from a short singly resonant cavity SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; WAVE-GUIDE; COMMUNICATION; TIME AB We have experimentally implemented a narrow-linewidth source of greatly non-degenerate single photon pairs at the wavelengths of 894.6 nm (D1 transition line of cesium) and 1312.5 nm (telecommunications band). Based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion, the photon pairs are generated from a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal embedded in an optical cavity that is singly resonant for 894.6 nm. The cavity modes show a linewidth of 48 MHz and are separated by a large cavity free spectral range of 4.5 GHz. We use volume Bragg grating and sum-frequency-generation phase-matching filters to select a small number of modes in the signal and idler channel. The detected coincidence rate is 4.9 S-1 mW (pump) (-1) MHz (SPDC) (-1) from the resonant cavity modes. This source may actively interface between flying qubits in the 1310 nm telecommunications band and stationary qubits at the atomic wavelength of cesium for quantum repeater applications. C1 [Slattery, Oliver; Ma, Lijun; Kuo, Paulina; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Slattery, Oliver] Univ Limerick, Dept Phys & Energy, Limerick, Ireland. RP Tang, X (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 121 IS 4 BP 413 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s00340-015-6198-6 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA CX6BG UT WOS:000365785600002 ER PT J AU Wright, DB Knutson, TR Smith, JA AF Wright, Daniel B. Knutson, Thomas R. Smith, James A. TI Regional climate model projections of rainfall from US landfalling tropical cyclones SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Extreme rainfall; Floods; Climate impacts; Climate modeling; Dynamical downscaling ID STOCHASTIC STORM TRANSPOSITION; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; UNITED-STATES; INTENSE PRECIPITATION; CMIP5 MODELS; PART I; FREQUENCY; TRMM; HURRICANES; EVOLUTION AB The eastern United States is vulnerable to flooding from tropical cyclone rainfall. Understanding how both the frequency and intensity of this rainfall will change in the future climate is a major challenge. One promising approach is the dynamical downscaling of relatively coarse general circulation model results using higher-resolution regional climate models (RCMs). In this paper, we examine the frequency of landfalling tropical cyclones and associated rainfall properties over the eastern United States using Zetac, an 18-km resolution RCM designed for modeling Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. Simulations of 1980-2006 tropical cyclone frequency and rainfall intensity for the months of August-October are compared against results from previous studies and observation-based datasets. The 1980-2006 control simulations are then compared against results from three future climate scenarios: CMIP3/A1B (late twenty-first century) and CMIP5/RCP4.5 (early and late twenty-first century). In CMIP5 early and late twenty-first century projections, the frequency of occurrence of post-landfall tropical cyclones shows little net change over much of the eastern U.S. despite a decrease in frequency over the ocean. This reflects a greater landfalling fraction in CMIP5 projections, which is not seen in CMIP3-based projections. Average tropical cyclone rain rates over land within 500 km of the storm center increase by 8-17 % in the future climate projections relative to control. This is at least as much as expected from the Clausius-Clapeyron relation, which links a warmer atmosphere to greater atmospheric water vapor content. Over land, the percent enhancement of area-averaged rain rates from a given tropical cyclone in the warmer climate is greater for larger averaging radius (300-500 km) than near the storm, particularly for the CMIP3 projections. Although this study does not focus on attribution, the findings are broadly consistent with historical tropical cyclone rainfall changes documented in a recent observational study. The results may have important implications for future flood risks from tropical cyclones. C1 [Wright, Daniel B.] NASA Hydrol Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wright, Daniel B.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Knutson, Thomas R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Smith, James A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Wright, DB (reprint author), NASA Hydrol Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM daniel.b.wright@nasa.gov FU Willis Research Network; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Institute for Climate Sciences [NOAA CICS NA08OAR4320752]; National Science Foundation [CBET-1058027]; NASA Postdoctoral Program FX This work was partially funded by the Willis Research Network, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Institute for Climate Sciences (Grant NOAA CICS NA08OAR4320752), and the the National Science Foundation (Grant CBET-1058027) and the NASA Postdoctoral Program. We would like to thank Joseph Sirutis of NOAA GFDL for providing climate model data, Joshua Roundy of Princeton University and NASA GSFC for preparing the NLDAS rainfall data, and Timothy Marchok and Baoqiang Xiang of NOAA GFDL for their thoughtful comments. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 45 IS 11-12 BP 3365 EP 3379 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2544-y PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX0WU UT WOS:000365418900025 ER PT J AU Miller, KB Huettmann, F Norcross, BL AF Miller, K. B. Huettmann, F. Norcross, B. L. TI Efficient spatial models for predicting the occurrence of subarctic estuarine-associated fishes: implications for management SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE essential fish habitat; estuaries; fisheries management; random forest; species distribution models ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; RANDOM FORESTS; REEF FISHES; HABITAT; DISTRIBUTIONS; ATLANTIC; PATTERNS; CONSERVATION; REGRESSION AB In many of the nearshore areas where development is most likely to occur, essential fish habitat data are incomplete and there is little information on species occurrence that can be used to inform management decisions. This research investigated the use of multivariate remotely sensed geomorphic and landscape data to develop accurate predictive models of subarctic, estuarine-associated fishes. The random forest algorithm was used to predict the occurrence of 26 fish species captured in 49 estuaries in Southeast Alaska. Model prediction accuracy ranged from 100 to 42% for species presence and 87 to 15% for species absence. Model goodness of fit and accuracy were assessed by comparing the number of species occurrences predicted by the model against the observed presences and absences of species in an independent data set. Sixty percent of the models were able to predict species presence with an accuracy of 70% or better. The models were used to predict species occurrence for 521 unsampled Southeast Alaskan estuaries to provide a regional map of predicted species distributions. C1 [Miller, K. B.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Huettmann, F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, EWHALE Lab, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Norcross, B. L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Miller, KB (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM katharine.miller@noaa.gov NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 6 BP 501 EP 517 DI 10.1111/fme.12148 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CX5CL UT WOS:000365718900006 ER PT J AU Grother, P Matey, JR Quinn, GW AF Grother, Patrick Matey, James R. Quinn, George W. TI IREX VI: mixed-effects longitudinal models for iris ageing: response to Bowyer and Ortiz SO IET BIOMETRICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB Bowyer and Ortiz, in their study 'A Critical Examination of the IREX VI Results', make seven criticisms of the authors application of linear mixed-effects models to longitudinally collected iris recognition Hamming distances. We reject these as either irrelevant, misinterpretations, or qualitatively correct, but quantitatively irrelevant. C1 [Grother, Patrick; Matey, James R.; Quinn, George W.] NIST, Informat Access Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Grother, P (reprint author), NIST, Informat Access Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pgrother@nist.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 2047-4938 EI 2047-4946 J9 IET BIOMETRICS JI IET Biom. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 4 IS 4 SI SI BP 200 EP 205 DI 10.1049/iet-bmt.2015.0043 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA CX4CL UT WOS:000365645700003 ER PT J AU Sayrafian, K Yazdandoost, KY AF Sayrafian, Kamran Yazdandoost, Kamya Yekeh TI Toward 5G Emerging Technologies: Selected Papers from IEEE PIMRC 2014 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WIRELESS INFORMATION NETWORKS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sayrafian, Kamran] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yazdandoost, Kamya Yekeh] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Tokyo, Japan. RP Sayrafian, K (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ksayrafian@nist.gov; yazdandoost@nict.go.jp NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9605 EI 1572-8129 J9 INT J WIREL INF NETW JI Int. J. Wirel. Inf. Netw. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 4 SI SI BP 295 EP 297 DI 10.1007/s10776-015-0289-5 PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA CX0VU UT WOS:000365416100001 ER PT J AU Murakami, H Vecchi, GA Underwood, S Delworth, TL Wittenberg, AT Anderson, WG Chen, JH Gudgel, RG Harris, LM Lin, SJ Zeng, FR AF Murakami, Hiroyuki Vecchi, Gabriel A. Underwood, Seth Delworth, Thomas L. Wittenberg, Andrew T. Anderson, Whit G. Chen, Jan-Huey Gudgel, Richard G. Harris, Lucas M. Lin, Shian-Jiann Zeng, Fanrong TI Simulation and Prediction of Category 4 and 5 Hurricanes in the High-Resolution GFDL HiFLOR Coupled Climate Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Tropical cyclones; Forecasting; Climate prediction; Hindcasts; Models and modeling; Climate models ID TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL PREDICTIONS; EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS; ATLANTIC HURRICANES; PROJECT ATHENA AB A new high-resolution Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) coupled model [the High-Resolution Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) model (HiFLOR)] has been developed and used to investigate potential skill in simulation and prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) activity. HiFLOR comprises high-resolution (similar to 25-km mesh) atmosphere and land components and a more moderate-resolution (similar to 100-km mesh) sea ice and ocean component. HiFLOR was developed from FLOR by decreasing the horizontal grid spacing of the atmospheric component from 50 to 25 km, while leaving most of the subgrid-scale physical parameterizations unchanged. Compared with FLOR, HiFLOR yields a more realistic simulation of the structure, global distribution, and seasonal and interannual variations of TCs, as well as a comparable simulation of storm-induced cold wakes and TC-genesis modulation induced by the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO). Moreover, HiFLOR is able to simulate and predict extremely intense TCs (Saffir-Simpson hurricane categories 4 and 5) and their interannual variations, which represents the first time a global coupled model has been able to simulate such extremely intense TCs in a multicentury simulation, sea surface temperature restoring simulations, and retrospective seasonal predictions. C1 [Murakami, Hiroyuki; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Anderson, Whit G.; Chen, Jan-Huey; Gudgel, Richard G.; Harris, Lucas M.; Lin, Shian-Jiann; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Murakami, Hiroyuki; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Delworth, Thomas L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Underwood, Seth] NOAA, Engility, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Murakami, H (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM hir.murakami@gmail.com RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA14OAR4830101] FX The authors thank Dr. Baoqiang Xiang and Dr. Wei Zhang for their suggestions and comments. This report was prepared by HM under Award NA14OAR4830101 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 99 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 23 BP 9058 EP 9079 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0216.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX7DC UT WOS:000365860500002 ER PT J AU Graham, FS Brown, JN Wittenberg, AT Holbrook, NJ AF Graham, Felicity S. Brown, Jaclyn N. Wittenberg, Andrew T. Holbrook, Neil J. TI Reassessing Conceptual Models of ENSO SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; El Nino; ENSO; Feedback; Models and modeling; Ocean models ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; WESTERLY WIND BURSTS; EQUATORIAL WAVE REFLECTION; TONGUE EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WARM-POOL; PART I AB The complex nature of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is often simplified through the use of conceptual models, each of which offers a different perspective on the ocean-atmosphere feedbacks underpinning the ENSO cycle. One theory, the unified oscillator, combines a variety of conceptual frameworks in the form of a coupled system of delay differential equations. The system produces a self-sustained oscillation on interannual time scales. While the unified oscillator is assumed to provide a more complete conceptual framework of ENSO behaviors than the models it incorporates, its formulation and performance have not been systematically assessed. This paper investigates the accuracy of the unified oscillator through its ability to replicate the ENSO cycle modeled by flux-forced output from the Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator Ocean Model (ACCESS-OM). The anomalous sea surface temperature equation reproduces the main features of the corresponding tendency modeled by ACCESS-OM reasonably well. However, the remaining equations for the thermocline depth anomaly and zonal wind stress anomalies are unable to accurately replicate the corresponding tendencies in ACCESS-OM. Modifications to the unified oscillator, including a diagnostic form of the zonal wind stress anomaly equations, improve its ability to emulate simulated ENSO tendencies. Despite these improvements, the unified oscillator model is less adept than the delayed oscillator model it incorporates in capturing ENSO behavior in ACCESS-OM, bringing into question its usefulness as a unifying ENSO framework. C1 [Graham, Felicity S.; Holbrook, Neil J.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Brown, Jaclyn N.] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Holbrook, Neil J.] Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Graham, FS (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM fsm@utas.edu.au RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 FU Australian Postgraduate Award; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans scholarship FX The authors wish to thank Simon Marsland and the ACCESS modeling team for providing the data. F.S.G. is supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award and a CSIRO Wealth from Oceans scholarship. This paper makes a contribution to addressing the goals of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science. NR 95 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 23 BP 9121 EP 9142 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00812.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX7DC UT WOS:000365860500005 ER PT J AU Sardeshmukh, PD Compo, GP Penland, C AF Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. Compo, Gilbert P. Penland, Cecile TI Need for Caution in Interpreting Extreme Weather Statistics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Atmospheric circulation; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Extreme events; North Atlantic Oscillation; North Pacific Oscillation; Rainfall; Mathematical and statistical techniques; Risk assessment ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; REANALYSIS PROJECT; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; EVENTS; VIEW AB Given the reality of anthropogenic global warming, it is tempting to seek an anthropogenic component in any recent change in the statistics of extreme weather. This paper cautions that such efforts may, however, lead to wrong conclusions if the distinctively skewed and heavy-tailed aspects of the probability distributions of daily weather anomalies are ignored or misrepresented. Departures of several standard deviations from the mean, although rare, are far more common in such a distinctively non-Gaussian world than they are in a Gaussian world. This further complicates the problem of detecting changes in tail probabilities from historical records of limited length and accuracy.A possible solution is to exploit the fact that the salient non-Gaussian features of the observed distributions are captured by so-called stochastically generated skewed (SGS) distributions that include Gaussian distributions as special cases. SGS distributions are associated with damped linear Markov processes perturbed by asymmetric stochastic noise and as such represent the simplest physically based prototypes of the observed distributions. The tails of SGS distributions can also be directly linked to generalized extreme value (GEV) and generalized Pareto (GP) distributions. The Markov process model can be used to provide rigorous confidence intervals and to investigate temporal persistence statistics. The procedure is illustrated for assessing changes in the observed distributions of daily wintertime indices of large-scale atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic and North Pacific sectors over the period 1872-2011. No significant changes in these indices are found from the first to the second half of the period. C1 [Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.; Compo, Gilbert P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.; Compo, Gilbert P.; Penland, Cecile] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sardeshmukh, PD (reprint author), CIRES, R PSD1, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM prashant.d.sardeshmukh@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Climate Program Office (CPO); DOE's Office for Science (BER); DOE's Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We thank C. Smith for generating Fig. 7 and C. McColl for generating Fig. 11. We also thank the reviewers for comments and suggestions that improved the clarity of the paper. This work was supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office (CPO) and by DOE's Office for Science (BER). The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which are supported by DOE's Office of Science under Contracts DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DE-AC05-00OR22725, respectively. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 23 BP 9166 EP 9187 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0020.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX7DC UT WOS:000365860500007 ER PT J AU Erb, MP Broccoli, AJ Graham, NT Clement, AC Wittenberg, AT Vecchi, GA AF Erb, Michael P. Broccoli, Anthony J. Graham, Neal T. Clement, Amy C. Wittenberg, Andrew T. Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Response of the Equatorial Pacific Seasonal Cycle to Orbital Forcing SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Geographic location; entity; Pacific Ocean; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Heat budgets; fluxes; Paleoclimate; Radiative forcing; Models and modeling; General circulation models; Variability; Seasonal cycle ID EL-NINO/SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; MIDHOLOCENE CLIMATE; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; MILLENNIAL-SCALE; COLD-TONGUE AB The response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean's seasonal cycle to orbital forcing is explored using idealized simulations with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM in which eccentricity, obliquity, and the longitude of perihelion are altered while other boundary conditions are maintained at preindustrial levels. The importance of ocean dynamics in the climate response is investigated using additional simulations with a slab ocean version of the model. Precession is found to substantially influence the equatorial Pacific seasonal cycle through both thermodynamic and dynamic mechanisms, while changes in obliquity have only a small effect. In the precession experiments, western equatorial Pacific SSTs respond in a direct thermodynamic manner to changes in insolation, while the eastern equatorial Pacific is first affected by the propagation of thermocline temperature anomalies from the west. These thermocline signals result from zonal wind anomalies associated with changes in the strength of subtropical anticyclones and shifts in the regions of convection in the western equatorial Pacific. The redistribution of heat from these thermocline signals, aided by the direct thermodynamic effect of insolation anomalies, results in large changes to the strength and timing of the eastern equatorial Pacific seasonal cycle. A comparison of 10 CMIP5 mid-Holocene experiments, in which the primary forcing is due to precession, shows that this response is relatively robust across models. Because equatorial Pacific SST anomalies have local climate impacts as well as nonlocal impacts through teleconnections, these results may be important to understanding paleoclimate variations both inside and outside of the tropical Pacific. C1 [Erb, Michael P.; Broccoli, Anthony J.; Graham, Neal T.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Erb, Michael P.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Broccoli, Anthony J.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Clement, Amy C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Erb, MP (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, 10100 Burnet Rd R2200,Bldg 196, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM merb@ig.utexas.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014; OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434; Erb, Michael/0000-0002-1187-952X FU National Science Foundation as part of their Paleo Perspectives on Climate Change program [ATM0902735]; University of Texas Institute for Geophysics postdoctoral fellowship FX The authors extend their thanks to F. Zeng, J. Krasting, and L. Sentman for their help in conducting these simulations, M. Khodri for running the mid-Holocene simulation, D. Pollard for help in making the calendar conversion, and the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory at Princeton for use of their computing resources. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments, which helped improve this paper. The National Science Foundation supported this research as part of their Paleo Perspectives on Climate Change program (Grant ATM0902735). Additional support was provided through a University of Texas Institute for Geophysics postdoctoral fellowship. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 23 BP 9258 EP 9276 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0242.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX7DC UT WOS:000365860500013 ER PT J AU Work, TM Dagenais, J Breeden, R Schneemann, A Sung, J Hew, B Balazs, GH Berestecky, JM AF Work, Thierry M. Dagenais, Julie Breeden, Renee Schneemann, Anette Sung, Joyce Hew, Brian Balazs, George H. Berestecky, John M. TI Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) Have Novel Asymmetrical Antibodies SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCAL PROTEIN-G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DUCK IMMUNOGLOBULINS; PSAMMOPHIS-SIBILANS; SEA-TURTLE; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; PURIFICATION AB Igs in vertebrates comprise equally sized H and L chains, with exceptions such as H chain-only Abs in camels or natural Ag receptors in sharks. In Reptilia, Igs are known as IgYs. Using immunoassays with isotype-specific mAbs, in this study we show that green turtles (Chelonia mydas) have a 5.7S 120-kDa IgY comprising two equally sized H/L chains with truncated Fc and a 7S 200-kDa IgY comprised of two differently sized H chains bound to L chains and apparently often noncovalently associated with an antigenically related 90-kDa moiety. Both the 200- and 90-kDa 7S molecules are made in response to specific Ag, although the 90-kDa molecule appears more prominent after chronic Ag stimulation. Despite no molecular evidence of a hinge, electron microscopy reveals marked flexibility of Fab arms of 7S and 5.7S IgY. Both IgY can be captured with protein G or melon gel, but less so with protein A. Thus, turtle IgY share some characteristics with mammalian IgG. However, the asymmetrical structure of some turtle Ig and the discovery of an Ig class indicative of chronic antigenic stimulation represent striking advances in our understanding of immunology. C1 [Work, Thierry M.; Dagenais, Julie; Breeden, Renee] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Schneemann, Anette; Sung, Joyce] Nanoimaging Serv Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Hew, Brian; Berestecky, John M.] Kapiolani Community Coll, Microbiol Math Sci Dept, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. [Balazs, George H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50187, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 195 IS 11 BP 5452 EP 5460 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.1501332 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA CX3NP UT WOS:000365606100039 PM 26500346 ER PT J AU Zhao, YY Nguyen, HVL Stahl, W Hougen, JT AF Zhao, Yueyue Ha Vinh Lam Nguyen Stahl, Wolfgang Hougen, Jon T. TI Unusual internal rotation coupling in the microwave spectrum of pinacolone SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Large amplitude motion; Rotational spectroscopy; Combination difference loops; Internal rotation fit ID QUANTUM-CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; VINYL-ACETATE; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; KETONE; SPECTROMETER; EQUILIBRIUM; SYMMETRY; ROTOR AB The molecular beam Fourier-transform microwave spectrum of pinacolone (methyl tert-butyl ketone) has been measured in several regions between 2 and 40 GHz. Fits of the assigned spectrum using several computer programs based on different models for treating torsion-rotation interaction lead to the conclusion that no existing program correctly captures the internal dynamics of this molecule. Quantum chemical calculations at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory indicate that this molecule does not have a plane of symmetry at equilibrium, and that internal rotation of the light methyl group induces a large oscillatory motion of the heavy tert-butyl group from one side of the C-s configuration to the other. This effect has been modeled for J = 0 levels by a relatively simple two-top torsional Hamiltonian, where the magnitudes of the strong coupling terms between the tops are determined directly from the ab initio two-dimensional potential surface. A plot of the resultant 0A, 0E, 1E, 1A torsional levels on the same scale as a one-dimensional potential curve along the zig-zag path connecting the six (unequally spaced) minima bears a striking resemblance to the 1:2:1 splitting pattern of the A, E, E, B levels of an internal rotation problem with a sixfold barrier. It seems likely that rotational transitions within the 1E and 1A torsional levels are the cause of the roughly 50% of the spectrum that remains unassigned after all predicted transitions within the 0A and 0E torsional levels are removed. However, a much more complete measurement campaign and some new torsion-rotation theory will be needed to verify this hypothesis. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Yueyue; Stahl, Wolfgang] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys Chem, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. [Ha Vinh Lam Nguyen] Univ Paris Est, LISA, Univ Paris Est & Paris Diderot, UMR 7583,CNRS, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Hougen, Jon T.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nguyen, HVL (reprint author), Univ Paris Est, LISA, Univ Paris Est & Paris Diderot, UMR 7583,CNRS, 61 Ave Gen Gaulle, F-94010 Creteil, France. EM lam.nguyen@lisa.u-pec.fr FU IT center of RWTH Aachen University; Land Nordrhein-Westfalen; Theodor von Karman fellowship of RWTH Aachen University program FX The authors are greatly indebted to Dr. Isabelle Kleiner and Dr. Vadim Ilyushin for significant help in the early stages of using their programs BELGI-Cs, BELGI-C1, and RAM36. The authors also thank Dr. Peter Groner for making the program ERHAM available to the spectroscopic community. The IT center of the RWTH Aachen University, the Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, and the Theodor von Karman fellowship of the RWTH Aachen University program are greatly acknowledged for free computer time and for funds. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 318 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2015.10.005 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA CX1MC UT WOS:000365459300012 ER PT J AU Srinivasa, V Taylor, JM AF Srinivasa, V. Taylor, J. M. TI Capacitively coupled singlet-triplet qubits in the double charge resonant regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-QUANTUM DOT; SPINS; COMPUTATION; FIELD AB We investigate a method for entangling two singlet-triplet qubits in adjacent double quantum dots via capacitive interactions. In contrast to prior work, here we focus on a regime with strong interactions between the qubits. The interplay of the interaction energy and simultaneous large detunings for both double dots gives rise to the "double charge resonant" regime, in which the unpolarized (1111) and fully polarized (0202) four-electron states in the absence of interqubit tunneling are near degeneracy, while being energetically well separated from the partially polarized (0211 and 1102) states. A rapid controlled-phase gate may be realized by combining time evolution in this regime in the presence of intraqubit tunneling and the interqubit Coulomb interaction with refocusing p pulses that swap the singly occupied singlet and triplet states of the two qubits via, e.g., magnetic gradients. We calculate the fidelity of this entangling gate, incorporating models for two types of noise-charge fluctuations in the single-qubit detunings and charge relaxation within the low-energy subspace via electron-phonon interaction-and identify parameter regimes that optimize the fidelity. The rates of phonon-induced decay for pairs of GaAs or Si double quantum dots vary with the sizes of the dipolar and quadrupolar contributions and are several orders of magnitude smaller for Si, leading to high theoretical gate fidelities for coupled singlet-triplet qubits in Si dots. We also consider the dependence of the capacitive coupling on the relative orientation of the double dots and find that a linear geometry provides the fastest potential gate. C1 [Srinivasa, V.; Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Srinivasa, V.; Taylor, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Srinivasa, V.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Srinivasa, V (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM vsriniv@umd.edu RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594 FU DARPA MTO; NSF-Physics Frontier Center at the JQI FX We acknowledge useful discussions with A. Yacoby, S. Das Sarma, B. Halperin, A. Pal, and S. Yang. We also thank M. Maghrebi and G. Solomon for helpful comments. This work was supported by DARPA MTO and the NSF-funded Physics Frontier Center at the JQI. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 23 AR 235301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.235301 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CX5WU UT WOS:000365774000005 ER PT J AU Armstrong, DA Huie, RE Koppenol, WH Lymar, SV Merenyi, G Neta, P Ruscic, B Stanbury, DM Steenken, S Wardman, P AF Armstrong, David A. Huie, Robert E. Koppenol, Willem H. Lymar, Sergei V. Merenyi, Gabor Neta, Pedatsur Ruscic, Branko Stanbury, David M. Steenken, Steen Wardman, Peter TI Standard electrode potentials involving radicals in aqueous solution: inorganic radicals (IUPAC Technical Report) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2014 International Congress of Photobiology CY SEP 08-12, 2014 CL Cordoba, ARGENTINA SP International Union of Photobiology (IUPB), IUPAC DE aqueous solutions; chemical equilibrium; chemical thermodynamics; inorganic chemistry; IUPAC Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division; oxidation; radicals; standard electrode potentials ID ACTIVE THERMOCHEMICAL TABLES AB Recommendations are made for standard potentials involving select inorganic radicals in aqueous solution at 25 degrees C. These recommendations are based on a critical and thorough literature review and also by performing derivations from various literature reports. The recommended data are summarized in tables of standard potentials, Gibbs energies of formation, radical pK(a)'s, and hemicolligation equilibrium constants. In all cases, current best estimates of the uncertainties are provided. An extensive set of Data Sheets is appended that provide original literature references, summarize the experimental results, and describe the decisions and procedures leading to each of the recommendations. C1 [Stanbury, David M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Armstrong, David A.] Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Huie, Robert E.; Neta, Pedatsur] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Koppenol, Willem H.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Inorgan Chem, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Lymar, Sergei V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Merenyi, Gabor] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys Chem, S-10044 Stockholm 70, Sweden. [Ruscic, Branko] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL USA. [Ruscic, Branko] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Steenken, Steen] Max Planck Inst Strahlenchem, D-45413 Mulheim, Germany. [Wardman, Peter] Univ Oxford, Dept Oncol, Gray Canc Inst, Oxford OX3 7DQ, England. RP Stanbury, DM (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM stanbdm@auburn.edu RI Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008 OI Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990 FU IUPAC; ETH ETH Stiftung; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank IUPAC, ETH & ETH Stiftung for financial support of this project. The work at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This material is partially based upon work at Brookhaven National Laboratory supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 10 U2 27 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 87 IS 11-12 BP 1139 EP 1150 DI 10.1515/pac-2014-0502 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CX9WS UT WOS:000366057300006 ER PT J AU Rabinovich, AB Eble, MC AF Rabinovich, Alexander B. Eble, Marie C. TI Deep-Ocean Measurements of Tsunami Waves SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami measurements; bottom pressure; bottom cable stations; tsunameter; DART stations; sea level; long waves; tsunami spectra; signal extraction; longwave background noise ID 26 DECEMBER 2004; SUMATRA-TSUNAMI; PRESSURE-FLUCTUATIONS; TOHOKU TSUNAMI; PACIFIC-OCEAN; FEBRUARY 23; SEA-FLOOR; TIME; EARTHQUAKES; TIDES AB Deep-ocean tsunami measurements play a major role in understanding the physics of tsunami wave generation and propagation, and in improving the effectiveness of tsunami warning systems. This paper provides an overview of the history of tsunami recording in the open ocean from the earliest days, approximately 50 years ago, to the present day. Modern tsunami monitoring systems such as the self-contained Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis and innovative cabled sensing networks, including, but not limited to, the Japanese bottom cable projects and the NEPTUNE-Canada geophysical bottom observatory, are highlighted. The specific peculiarities of seafloor longwave observations in the deep ocean are discussed and compared with observations recorded in coastal regions. Tsunami detection in bottom pressure observations is exemplified through analysis of distant (22,000 km from the source) records of the 2004 Sumatra tsunami in the northeastern Pacific. C1 [Rabinovich, Alexander B.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Rabinovich, Alexander B.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Eble, Marie C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rabinovich, AB (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, 9860 West Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM a.b.rabinovich@gmail.com FU Russian Science Foundation [14-50-00095] FX We gratefully acknowledge the Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) and specific agency researchers H. Matsumoto and K. Kawaguchi for the information provided on Japanese cable stations. We thank Drs. Eddie Bernard (NOAA/PMEL, Seattle, WA) and Derek Goring (Mulgor Consulting, Christchurch, NZ) for their valuable comments and suggestions. We especially thank Dr. George Mungov (National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO) for his advice and assistance with DART data processing. Russian Science Foundation, Grant 14-50-00095, provided partial support for the contribution of A.B.R. This is NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory contribution number 4297. NR 91 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 172 IS 12 SI SI BP 3281 EP 3312 DI 10.1007/s00024-015-1058-1 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CX5BR UT WOS:000365716200003 ER PT J AU Eble, MC Mungov, GT Rabinovich, AB AF Eble, Marie C. Mungov, George T. Rabinovich, Alexander B. TI On the Leading Negative Phase of Major 2010-2014 Tsunamis SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami leading negative phase; 2010 Chile (Maule); 2011 Tohoku; 2012 Haida Gwaii and 2014 Chile (Iquique) tsunamis; DART; coastal tide gauges ID OCEAN; SIMULATION; PACIFIC; DENSITY; EARTH AB Time series observations from instruments sited in the deep ocean and along coastal margins of the Pacific during major tsunami events in the years since 2010 were systematically processed. Examination of these records during four events, 2010 Chile (Maule), 2011 East Japan (Tohoku), 2012 Haida Gwaii and 2014 Chile (Iquique), show the prevalence of a small negative phase leading the first major positive tsunami wave, a phase that is not typically reproduced by current modelling approaches. We present leading negative phase signatures in examples from the more than 40 deep-ocean bottom pressure and approximately 200 tide gauge records investigated for this study. High sampling rate time series (15-s) were given greater weight in our investigation than the more readily available 1-min series. Careful investigation of tsunami arrival at each deep-ocean site highlights the role filtering techniques may play in misleading researchers or masking specific tsunami features such as the leading negative phase that is the basis of this study. The main focus of this investigation is to characterise the scale and repeatability of the phenomenon in support of recent similar findings rather than to provide a definitive explanation as to the cause. In general, our findings are in good agreement with and support the theoretical results of Watada et al. (J Geophys Res Solid Earth 119:4287-4310, 2014). C1 [Eble, Marie C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mungov, George T.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mungov, George T.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rabinovich, Alexander B.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Rabinovich, Alexander B.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Eble, MC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM marie.c.eble@noaa.gov FU NOAA/PMEL [WE-133R-13-SE-1659]; Russian Science Foundation [14-50-00095] FX The authors thank the National Data Buoy Center and the National Ocean Service for their dedication in securing quality observations, the National Tsunami Warning Center for providing many coastal data sets, and Lindsey Wright and NOS Pacific, especially Caleb Gostnell, for the many hours invested in calling tide gauge backup units and manually downloading the 15-s data that are the basis of our investigations. We also thank Karen Birchfield for her assistance with graphics and the reviewers for taking the time to provide candid and greatly appreciated comments for manuscript improvement. The contribution of Alexander Rabinovich was partially funded under NOAA/PMEL Contract Number WE-133R-13-SE-1659 and by the Russian Science Foundation Grant 14-50-00095. This is PMEL contribution 4099. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 172 IS 12 SI SI BP 3493 EP 3508 DI 10.1007/s00024-015-1127-5 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CX5BR UT WOS:000365716200013 ER PT J AU Dilmen, DI Titov, VV Roe, GH AF Dilmen, Derya I. Titov, Vasily V. Roe, Gerard H. TI Evaluation of the Relationship Between Coral Damage and Tsunami Dynamics; Case Study: 2009 Samoa Tsunami SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Samoa; Tutuila; MOST; coral; reef; 2009; Tonga ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; REEFS AB On September 29, 2009, an Mw = 8.1 earthquake at 17:48 UTC in Tonga Trench generated a tsunami that caused heavy damage across Samoa, American Samoa, and Tonga islands. Tutuila island, which is located 250 km from the earthquake epicenter, experienced tsunami flooding and strong currents on the north and east coasts, causing 34 fatalities (out of 192 total deaths from this tsunami) and widespread structural and ecological damage. The surrounding coral reefs also suffered heavy damage. The damage was formally evaluated based on detailed surveys before and immediately after the tsunami. This setting thus provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the relationship between tsunami dynamics and coral damage. In this study, estimates of the maximum wave amplitudes and coastal inundation of the tsunami are obtained with the MOST model (Titov and Synolakis, J. Waterway Port Coast Ocean Eng: pp 171, 1998; Titov and Gonzalez, NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL 112:11, 1997), which is now the operational tsunami forecast tool used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The earthquake source function was constrained using the real-time deep-ocean tsunami data from three DART(A (R)) (Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting for Tsunamis) systems in the far field, and by tide-gauge observations in the near field. We compare the simulated run-up with observations to evaluate the simulation performance. We present an overall synthesis of the tide-gauge data, survey results of the run-up, inundation measurements, and the datasets of coral damage around the island. These data are used to assess the overall accuracy of the model run-up prediction for Tutuila, and to evaluate the model accuracy over the coral reef environment during the tsunami event. Our primary findings are that: (1) MOST-simulated run-up correlates well with observed run-up for this event (r = 0.8), it tends to underestimated amplitudes over coral reef environment around Tutuila (for 15 of 31 villages, run-up is underestimated by more than 10 %; in only 5 was run-up overestimated by more than 10 %), and (2) the locations where the model underestimates run-up also tend to have experienced heavy or very heavy coral damage (8 of the 15 villages), whereas well-estimated run-up locations characteristically experience low or very low damage (7 of 11 villages). These findings imply that a numerical model may overestimate the energy loss of the tsunami waves during their interaction with the coral reef. We plan future studies to quantify this energy loss and to explore what improvements can be made in simulations of tsunami run-up when simulating coastal environments with fringing coral reefs. C1 [Dilmen, Derya I.; Titov, Vasily V.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Ctr Tsunami Res, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dilmen, Derya I.; Titov, Vasily V.; Roe, Gerard H.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dilmen, DI (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Ctr Tsunami Res, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dilmen@uw.edu; vasily.titov@noaa.gov; groe@uw.edu OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; NOAA Center for Tsunami Research under TSUNAMI TASK-2 Project, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [4368] FX This publication makes use of data products provided by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with funding support from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. NOAA Center for Tsunami Research under TSUNAMI TASK-2 Project, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (contribution number 4368) supports this research. Hermann Fritz generously provided the post-tsunami run-up survey datasets. We are grateful to Randall Leveque, Joanne Bourgeois, Hongqiang Zhou, Yong Wei, Christopher Moore, Marie Eble, Diego Arcas and Lijuan Tang for their endless advice and their help. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 172 IS 12 SI SI BP 3557 EP 3572 DI 10.1007/s00024-015-1158-y PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CX5BR UT WOS:000365716200016 ER PT J AU Nekouee, N Hamidi, SA Roberts, PJW Schwab, DJ AF Nekouee, Navid Hamidi, Sajad Ahmad Roberts, Philip J. W. Schwab, David J. TI A Coupled Empirical-Numerical Model for a Buoyant River Plume in Lake Michigan SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE River plume; Coupling technique; Near field; Empirical-numerical model; Pollution ID BAY OUTFALL PLUMES; PARTICLE TRACKING; CIRCULATION MODEL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HYBRID MODEL; NEAR-FIELD; FAR-FIELD; PREDICTION; DISPERSION; BEACH AB A coupling technique is developed to predict the behavior of a buoyant river plume in a lake. The model incorporates a 3D hydrodynamic model (POMGL) and a 3D particle tracking model (Partic3D) for the far-field transport computations. The source conditions for the particle tracking model are obtained from a near-field model derived from the characteristics of the plume analyzed from extensive field studies on the Grand River plume, Lake Michigan. The empirical near-field model was developed to predict the geometry of the plume, dilution, and centerline trajectory near the river mouth, and to provide the concentration and location of the particles to be released in the far field. The coupled empirical-numerical model shows improved predictions in the near field versus the single numerical model. The present results strongly advocate the use of model combinations in order to improve coastal diffusion and transport processes. The primary application of the technique is in recreational water early-warning and forecasting systems that will estimate the immediate and short-term risk of exceeding pathogen indicator concentration criteria in lakes and coastal areas. C1 [Nekouee, Navid] Tetra Tech, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA. [Hamidi, Sajad Ahmad] Univ Wisconsin, Civil & Environm Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Roberts, Philip J. W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Schwab, David J.] NOAA, GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Hamidi, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Civil & Environm Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM hamidi@uwm.edu FU NOAA, Oceans and Human Health Initiative (OHHI) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from NOAA, Oceans and Human Health Initiative (OHHI), the assistance of the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory for providing POMGL code and the observation data. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 226 IS 12 AR 412 DI 10.1007/s11270-015-2676-z PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CX1YU UT WOS:000365492600026 ER PT J AU Ade, PAR Aikin, RW Barkats, D Benton, SJ Bischoff, CA Bock, JJ Brevik, JA Buder, I Bullock, E Dowell, CD Duband, L Filippini, JP Fliescher, S Golwala, SR Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hildebrandt, SR Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Karkare, KS Kaufman, JP Keating, BG Kernasovskiy, SA Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leitch, EM Lueker, M Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Orlando, A Pryke, C Richter, S Schwarz, R Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, ZK Sudiwala, RV Teply, GP Tolan, JE Turner, AD Vieregg, AG Wong, CL Yoon, KW AF Ade, P. A. R. Aikin, R. W. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Karkare, K. S. Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, A. Pryke, C. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Sudiwala, R. V. Teply, G. P. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wong, C. L. Yoon, K. W. CA BICEP2 Collaboration TI BICEP2. III. INSTRUMENTAL SYSTEMATICS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; gravitational waves; inflation; instrumentation: polarimeters; methods: data analysis ID BACKGROUND POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS; SPT-SZ SURVEY; POWER SPECTRUM; GRAVITY-WAVES; MICROWAVE; ANISOTROPY; TELESCOPE; RADIATION; PROBE; CONSTRAINTS AB In a companion paper, we have reported a >5 sigma detection of degree scale B-mode polarization at 150 GHz by the BICEP2 experiment. Here we provide a detailed study of potential instrumental systematic contamination to that measurement. We focus extensively on spurious polarization that can potentially arise from beam imperfections. We present a heuristic classification of beam imperfections according to their symmetries and uniformities, and discuss how resulting contamination adds or cancels in maps that combine observations made at multiple orientations of the telescope about its boresight axis. We introduce a technique, which we call "deprojection," for filtering the leading order beam-induced contamination from time-ordered data, and show that it reduces power in BICEP2's actual and null-test BB spectra consistent with predictions using high signal-to-noise beam shape measurements. We detail the simulation pipeline that we use to directly simulate instrumental systematics and the calibration data used as input to that pipeline. Finally, we present the constraints on BB contamination from individual sources of potential systematics. We find that systematics contribute BB power that is a factor of similar to 10x below BICEP2's three-year statistical uncertainty, and negligible compared to the observed BB signal. The contribution to the best-fit tensor/scalar ratio is at a level equivalent to r = (3-6) x 10(-3). C1 [Ade, P. A. R.; Sudiwala, R. V.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Aikin, R. W.; Brevik, J. A.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S. R.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Lueker, M.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Teply, G. P.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Barkats, D.] ESO, Joint ALMA Observ, Santiago, Chile. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bischoff, C. A.; Buder, I.; Karkare, K. S.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Dowell, C. D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Turner, A. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bullock, E.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Duband, L.] CEA Grenoble, SBT, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. [Fliescher, S.; Pryke, C.; Schwarz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Tolan, J. E.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kaufman, J. P.; Keating, B. G.; Orlando, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Leitch, E. M.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ade, PAR (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. OI Orlando, Angiola/0000-0001-8004-5054; Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993; Bischoff, Colin/0000-0001-9185-6514; Barkats, Denis/0000-0002-8971-1954 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ANT-0742818, ANT-1044978, ANT-0742592, ANT-1110087]; JPL Research and Technology Development Fund; NASA APRA program [06-ARPA206-0040, 10-SAT10-0017]; SAT program; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation at Caltech; Canada Foundation for Innovation grant; W. M. Keck Foundation; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago [NSF PHY-1125897]; Irene Coyle and Kathy Deniston FX BICEP2 was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants ANT-0742818 and ANT-1044978 (Caltech/Harvard) and ANT-0742592 and ANT-1110087 (Chicago/Minnesota). The development of antenna-coupled detector technology was supported by the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund and grants 06-ARPA206-0040 and 10-SAT10-0017 from the NASA APRA and SAT programs. The development and testing of focal planes were supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation at Caltech. Readout electronics were supported by a Canada Foundation for Innovation grant to UBC. The receiver development was supported in part by a grant from the W. M. Keck Foundation. Partial support for C. Sheehy was also provided by the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago through grant NSF PHY-1125897 and an endowment from the Kavli Foundation and its founder Fred Kavli. The computations in this paper were run on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard University. Tireless administrative support was provided by Irene Coyle and Kathy Deniston. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 814 IS 2 AR 110 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/110 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW9KJ UT WOS:000365317300028 ER PT J AU Hindman, BW Jain, R AF Hindman, Bradley W. Jain, Rekha TI EIGENMODES OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETIC ARCADES IN THE SUN'S CORONA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: corona; Sun: magnetic fields; Sun: oscillations; waves ID LOOP OSCILLATIONS; BESSEL-FUNCTIONS; IMAGINARY ORDER; SEISMOLOGY; TRACE AB We develop a model of coronal-loop oscillations that treats the observed bright loops as an integral part of a larger three-dimensional (3D) magnetic structure comprised of the entire magnetic arcade. We demonstrate that magnetic arcades within the solar corona can trap MHD fast waves in a 3D waveguide. This is accomplished through the construction of a cylindrically symmetric model of a magnetic arcade with a potential magnetic field. For a magnetically dominated plasma, we derive a governing equation for MHD fast waves and from this equation we show that the magnetic arcade forms a 3D waveguide if the Alfven speed increases monotonically beyond a fiducial radius. Both magnetic pressure and tension act as restoring forces, instead of just tension as is generally assumed in 1D models. Since magnetic pressure plays an important role, the eigenmodes involve propagation both parallel and transverse to the magnetic field. Using an analytic solution, we derive the specific eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions for an arcade possessing a discontinuous density profile. The discontinuity separates a diffuse cylindrical cavity and an overlying shell of denser plasma that corresponds to the bright loops. We emphasize that all of the eigenfunctions have a discontinuous axial velocity at the density interface; hence, the interface can give rise to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Further, we find that all modes have elliptical polarization with the degree of polarization changing with height. However, depending on the line of sight, only one polarization may be clearly visible. C1 [Hindman, Bradley W.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hindman, Bradley W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jain, Rekha] Univ Sheffield, Sch Math & Stat, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. RP Hindman, BW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hindman@solarz.colorado.edu OI HINDMAN, BRADLEY/0000-0001-7612-6628 FU NASA [NNX14AG05G, NNX14AC05G, NNX09AB04G]; University of Sheffield (UK) FX This work was supported by NASA through grants NNX14AG05G, NNX14AC05G, and NNX09AB04G. We thank the SDO team for the use of AIA/SDO data. R.J. would like to acknowledge the support of the University of Sheffield (UK) and thanks R. Maurya for discussions regarding AIA/SDO images. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 814 IS 2 AR 105 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/105 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW9KJ UT WOS:000365317300023 ER PT J AU Waters, CD Hard, JJ Brieuc, MSO Fast, DE Warheit, KI Waples, RS Knudsen, CM Bosch, WJ Naish, KA AF Waters, Charles D. Hard, Jeffrey J. Brieuc, Marine S. O. Fast, David E. Warheit, Kenneth I. Waples, Robin S. Knudsen, Curtis M. Bosch, William J. Naish, Kerry A. TI Effectiveness of managed gene flow in reducing genetic divergence associated with captive breeding SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE captive breeding; domestication selection; genome-wide survey; managed gene flow; supportive breeding ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PROTEASOME-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; 1ST-GENERATION HATCHERY; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ARTIFICIAL STREAM; WILD POPULATIONS AB Captive breeding has the potential to rebuild depressed populations. However, associated genetic changes may decrease restoration success and negatively affect the adaptive potential of the entire population. Thus, approaches that minimize genetic risks should be tested in a comparative framework over multiple generations. Genetic diversity in two captive-reared lines of a species of conservation interest, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), was surveyed across three generations using genome-wide approaches. Genetic divergence from the source population was minimal in an integrated line, which implemented managed gene flow by using only naturally-born adults as captive broodstock, but significant in a segregated line, which bred only captive-origin individuals. Estimates of effective number of breeders revealed that the rapid divergence observed in the latter was largely attributable to genetic drift. Three independent tests for signatures of adaptive divergence also identified temporal change within the segregated line, possibly indicating domestication selection. The results empirically demonstrate that using managed gene flow for propagating a captive-reared population reduces genetic divergence over the short term compared to one that relies solely on captive-origin parents. These findings complement existing studies of captive breeding, which typically focus on a single management strategy and examine the fitness of one or two generations. C1 [Waters, Charles D.; Brieuc, Marine S. O.; Naish, Kerry A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hard, Jeffrey J.; Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Fast, David E.; Bosch, William J.] Yakama Nation Fisheries, Toppenish, WA USA. [Warheit, Kenneth I.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. [Knudsen, Curtis M.] Oncorh Consulting, Olympia, WA USA. RP Waters, CD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St,Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cwaters8@uw.edu; knaish@uw.edu RI Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778; FU NOAA Fisheries/Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) Biological Opinion Remand Funds; Washington Sea Grant [NA14OAR4170078]; Marine Technology Society FX We thank everyone who was involved in establishing CESRF and shaping its research direction, including Levi George, Melvin Sampson, Steve Schroder, Craig Busack, past and present members of the Independent Scientific Review Panel, and the Yakama Nation Tribal. We also recognize the following individuals for project development, broodstock collection and sampling, and laboratory assistance: Michael Ford, all Yakama Nation and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife personnel at the Roza Dam Adult Monitoring Facility and CESRF, Isadora Jimenez-Hidalgo, Katrina van Raay, and Daniel Drinan. Finally, we thank two anonymous referees and the Editor in Chief, Louis Bernatchez, for their insightful comments. Funding for this study was provided by NOAA Fisheries/Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) Biological Opinion Remand Funds (to K.A.N. and J.J.H.), Washington Sea Grant (Award NA14OAR4170078 to K.A.N), and the Marine Technology Society Graduate Student, John G. Peterson Endowed, Richard T. Whiteleather, and John N. Cobb Scholarships awarded to C.D.W. NR 84 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 19 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 8 IS 10 BP 956 EP 971 DI 10.1111/eva.12331 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA CX2KX UT WOS:000365526800005 PM 26640521 ER PT J AU Ray, C Roca, M Martin-Puig, C Escola, R Garcia, A AF Ray, Chris Roca, Monica Martin-Puig, Cristina Escola, Roger Garcia, Albert TI Amplitude and Dilation Compensation of the SAR Altimeter Backscattered Power SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Radar altimeter; radar tracking; sea measurements; signal processing algorithms; synthetic aperture radar AB A new method of forming the synthetic aperture radar altimeter multilook backscattered power waveform is proposed for application over water. The method compensates the waveform for both variations in amplitude and dilation in range, which are caused by the geometry of the observation and the signal processing chain of the instrument. Using Cryosat data collected over the Pacific Ocean and over the Black Sea, the method is used to retrack the geophysical parameters of sea surface height and significant wave height, and the noise level of these retracked parameters is compared with the noise levels of conventionally retracked parameters. It is found that applying amplitude compensation and dilation compensation leads to a reduction in the noise level by up to a factor of 4.0 for sea surface height and 2.5 for significant wave height. The reduction in noise is largest for small significant wave heights. In addition, the waveform is accurately modeled by a single argument function, needing only a scaling and offset to fit the multilook waveform, greatly improving the theoretical description of the waveform dependence on the sea state and instrument parameters. C1 [Ray, Chris] St Marys Coll, Moraga, CA 94575 USA. [Roca, Monica; Escola, Roger] IsardSAT SL, Barcelona 08042, Spain. [Martin-Puig, Cristina] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Garcia, Albert] IsardSAT Ltd, Guildford GU2 7YG, Surrey, England. RP Ray, C (reprint author), St Marys Coll, Moraga, CA 94575 USA. EM cray@stmarys-ca.edu RI Martin-Puig, Cristina/B-9544-2015 OI Martin-Puig, Cristina/0000-0003-4207-799X FU Saint Mary's College of California; European Space Agency-European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA-ESTEC) through a Sentinel-6 P4 Ground Processor Prototype contract; isardSAT FX This work was made possible through the support of Saint Mary's College of California and the support of European Space Agency-European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA-ESTEC) through a Sentinel-6 P4 Ground Processor Prototype contract with isardSAT. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 IS 12 BP 2473 EP 2476 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2015.2485119 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CW4VA UT WOS:000364993500024 ER PT J AU Tian, M Zou, XL Weng, FZ AF Tian, Miao Zou, Xiaolei Weng, Fuzhong TI Use of Allan Deviation for Characterizing Satellite Microwave Sounder Noise Equivalent Differential Temperature (NEDT) SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Allan deviation; data assimilation; microwave remote sensing; NEDT; noise estimation ID CALIBRATION; VARIANCE AB Currently, the instrument sensitivity of sensors onboard weather satellites is quantified by computing the standard deviation of the measurements taken from their calibration targets. The standard deviation is valid for describing the spread of a statistical distribution of the measured values around its mean that is stable. However, the actual measurements of a calibration target can exhibit considerable variations in time as shown from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) blackbody data. In this letter, the Allan deviation is proposed as an alternative to the standard deviation for characterizing the instrument sensitivity. It is found that, in the overlapping Allan deviation formula, the averaging window size has to be set to one in order to accurately assess the noise magnitudes for both stationary and nonstationary time series. Furthermore, from the ATMS on-orbit data, the estimates of the noise magnitudes at several channels show a large discrepancy between the Allan deviation and the standard deviation. Finally applying the Allan deviation, the sensitivity of the NOAA-18 Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A is also derived and compared against the traditional algorithm results. From this comparison, significant improvements can be seen in the Allan deviation-based noise-equivalent-differential-temperature estimation. C1 [Tian, Miao] Earth Resource Technol ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Zou, Xiaolei] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Tian, M (reprint author), Earth Resource Technol ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM Miao.Tian@noaa.gov RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program Office FX The authors would like to thank the NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program Office for supporting the Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) sensor data record (SDR) team. The authors would also like to thank Dr. N. Sun, Dr. H. Yang, Dr. K. Anderson, and Dr. V. Leslie for the many helpful discussions during this research. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 IS 12 BP 2477 EP 2480 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2015.2485945 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CW4VA UT WOS:000364993500025 ER PT J AU Tang, YH Wachter, J Rufenacht, A FitzPatrick, GJ Benz, SP AF Tang, Yi-Hua Wachter, James Ruefenacht, Alain FitzPatrick, Gerald J. Benz, Samuel P. TI Application of a 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard in Direct Comparison With Conventional Josephson Voltage Standards SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Allan variance; automated comparison; Josephson arrays; Josephson voltage standards (JVSs); uncertainty; voltage measurement ID ALLAN VARIANCE; JUNCTIONS AB This paper briefly describes the working principle of the 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) that was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and how to use it in a direct comparison with a conventional Josephson voltage standard (CJVS). Manual and automatic comparison methods were developed to verify the agreement between the two types of Josephson standards. A 10 V PJVS provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was used as a transfer standard in the 2014 Josephson voltage standard Interlaboratory Comparison that is organized by the National Conference of Standards Laboratories International. The results of automatic direct comparisons between a NASA PJVS and three CJVSs are reported. Allan variance is applied to analyze the large number of correlated data for Type A uncertainty. C1 [Tang, Yi-Hua; FitzPatrick, Gerald J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wachter, James] NASA, Titusville, FL 32899 USA. [Ruefenacht, Alain; Benz, Samuel P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tang, YH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yi-hua.tang@nist.gov; james.wachter@nasa.gov; alain.rufenacht@nist.gov; gerald.fitzpatrick@nist.gov; samuel.benz@nist.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 64 IS 12 BP 3458 EP 3466 DI 10.1109/TIM.2015.2463392 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CW3CR UT WOS:000364870100031 ER PT J AU Shakarji, CM Srinivasan, V AF Shakarji, Craig M. Srinivasan, Vijay TI Datum Planes Based on a Constrained L-1 Norm SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This paper has two major goals. First, we present an algorithm for establishing planar datums suitable for a default in tolerancing standards. The algorithm is based on a constrained minimization search based on the L-1 (L1) norm after forming a convex surface from the original surface or sampled points. We prove that the problem reduces to a simple minimization search between the convex surface and its centroid. The data points in the discrete case do not need to have any corresponding weights provided with them, as appropriate weighting is part of the algorithm itself, thereby making the algorithm largely insensitive to nonuniformly sampled data points. Terse MATHEMATICA code is included for the reader. The code is sufficient for primary and secondary planar datum fitting as well as a 3-2-1 datum reference frame generation. The second goal of this paper is to compare this new method with several other possible means for establishing datum planes, ultimately showing several appealing characteristics of the proposed algorithm. Since both the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standardization efforts are actively working to establish datum plane definitions, the timing of such a study is opportune. C1 [Shakarji, Craig M.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Srinivasan, Vijay] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shakarji, CM (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.shakarji@nist.gov; vijay.srinivasan@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1530-9827 EI 1944-7078 J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 AR 041008 DI 10.1115/1.4031827 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA CW8SV UT WOS:000365270500008 ER PT J AU Van Gaest, AL Arkoosh, MR Dietrich, JP AF Van Gaest, Ahna L. Arkoosh, Mary R. Dietrich, Joseph P. TI Disinfection Potential of Fire Retardant Foams SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Disinfection; Firefighting foams; Forest fire response; E. coli; Coliphage ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; CHINOOK SALMON; ACUTE TOXICITY; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHEMICALS; VIRUSES AB The spread of aquatic invasive species during wildland firefighting activities is a concern when water sources and equipment are transported across watersheds or into pristine areas. In the present study, we investigated the capability of wildland firefighting foams to inactivate organisms in bench-scale laboratory experiments. Specifically, Escherichia coli and coliphage Phi X174 were used to test the disinfection potential of foams against bacteria and virus species as an indicator of their efficacy against more resistant organisms. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service firefighting foams tested in this study did not inactivate E. coli or coliphage during maximum exposure conditions that are feasible during firefighting activities, i.e., 10% (v:v) mix ratio and a 60-min contact time. We did not examine whether firefighting foams were effective at displacing bacterial and viral organisms when used solely as a surfactant on solid surfaces. We conclude that fire retardant foams are not effective disinfection agents and will not reduce the risk of spreading aquatic invasive viral species during firefighting activities. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Van Gaest, Ahna L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Arkoosh, Mary R.; Dietrich, Joseph P.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Dietrich, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM vangaest@gmail.com; joseph.dietrich@noaa.gov FU USDA Forest Service Wildland Fire Chemical Systems FX USDA Forest Service Wildland Fire Chemical Systems for financial support and Shirley K. Zylstra for project support. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 EI 1943-7870 J9 J ENVIRON ENG JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2015 VL 141 IS 12 AR 04015040 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000972 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CW6QQ UT WOS:000365122800001 ER PT J AU Alkhateb, H Al-Ostaz, A Nyden, M Cheng, AHD AF Alkhateb, Hunain Al-Ostaz, Ahmed Nyden, Marc Cheng, Alexander H. D. TI Experimental Evaluation and Numerical Simulations of Nanocoatings in Infrastructure Fire Applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Polymeric coating; Fire; Blast; Nanocomposites AB Although coating masonry walls with polymeric elastomers can mitigate the effects of a projectile strike in a blast or explosion, it may also increase the fire hazard to the structure and the occupants. Although a rigorous assessment of this problem would require full-scale fire tests, considerable insights can be gained by performing bench-scale tests in conjunction with computer simulations. A joint experimental/numerical methodology is presented in this paper to evaluate the extent to which blast-resistant coatings, applied on masonry walls, may contribute to the spread of existing fire. The experimental data are obtained by performing cone calorimeter heat release rate (HRR) measurements. Flammability characterization and the heat flux generated for structural systems and components that are coated with blast-resistant and fire-retardant polymeric coatings are performed using the NIST fire dynamic simulator (FDS). In these simulations, structural concrete columns and masonry walls are exposed to an assumed fire. The results presented in this paper could be employed in coupled thermal/structural finite element analysis to assess the performance of concrete members coated with polymeric materials and subjected to fire loading. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Alkhateb, Hunain; Al-Ostaz, Ahmed; Cheng, Alexander H. D.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, Nano Infrastruct Res Grp, University, MS 38677 USA. [Nyden, Marc] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Al-Ostaz, A (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, Nano Infrastruct Res Grp, University, MS 38677 USA. EM alostaz@olemiss.edu FU Department of Homeland Security FX The research is supported by the funding received under a subcontract from the Department of Homeland Security-sponsored Southeast Region Research Initiative (SERRI) at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 EI 1943-5533 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 27 IS 12 AR 04015050 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001311 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA CW6TO UT WOS:000365131000012 ER PT J AU Terti, G Ruin, I Anquetin, S Gourley, JJ AF Terti, Galateia Ruin, Isabelle Anquetin, Sandrine Gourley, Jonathan J. TI Dynamic vulnerability factors for impact-based flash flood prediction SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Vulnerability model; Social processes; Impact forecasting; Space-time factors; Flash flood events ID SOCIAL VULNERABILITY; FATALITIES; PARAMETERS; AUSTRALIA; DEATHS; FRANCE; TEXAS; US AB Social vulnerability explains the sociological and human-dependent circumstances that translate a natural event into a deadly disaster. But, what are the space-time characteristics of vulnerability (i.e., dynamic vulnerability) that influence how people are impacted by a specific natural hazard? This paper performs a critical analysis of previous flood-related human impact and vulnerability studies to better understand and summarize the human-related factors that determine the impacts from flash flood events. The paper is motivated by the hypothesis that the intersection of the spatiotemporal context of the hazard with the distribution of people and their characteristics across space and time reveals different paths of vulnerability and defines the most probable space of an exposed area in terms of deadly impacts. Based on this idea, a conceptual model for assessing vulnerability to flash flooding is developed and presented herein. The most important advance of the current research in comparison with previous efforts in vulnerability assessment is the introduction of the concept of the spatial and temporal variability of vulnerability. This means that the proposed conceptual model does not consider vulnerability as a static synopsis that can be described by a single map, but as an ever-evolving process derived from the interaction of social and physical dynamics. The dynamic perspective of vulnerability is key for the identification of pertinent vulnerability variables to be used for flash flood vulnerability assessment and dynamic mapping, and prediction. C1 [Terti, Galateia; Ruin, Isabelle; Anquetin, Sandrine] Univ Grenoble Alpes, LTHE, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Terti, Galateia] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ruin, Isabelle; Anquetin, Sandrine] CNRS, LTHE, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, NSSL, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Ruin, I (reprint author), Univ Grenoble Alpes, LTHE, F-38000 Grenoble, France. EM isabelle.ruin@ujf-grenoble.fr RI Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU Labex OSUG@2020 (Investissements d'avenir, FRANCE) [ANR10 LABX56]; NOAA [NA14OAR4830100] FX This work has been supported by a Grant from Labex OSUG@2020 (Investissements d'avenir-ANR10 LABX56, FRANCE). Additional funding for this research was provided by NOAA to the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies at the University of Oklahoma under contract NA14OAR4830100. The authors wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their contributing and highly constructive comments. NR 79 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD DEC PY 2015 VL 79 IS 3 BP 1481 EP 1497 DI 10.1007/s11069-015-1910-8 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CW5DT UT WOS:000365016300003 ER PT J AU Yajima, T Takeiri, F Aidzu, K Akamatsu, H Fujita, K Yoshimune, W Ohkura, M Lei, SM Gopalan, V Tanaka, K Brown, CM Green, MA Yamamoto, T Kobayashi, Y Kageyama, H AF Yajima, Takeshi Takeiri, Fumitaka Aidzu, Kohei Akamatsu, Hirofumi Fujita, Koji Yoshimune, Wataru Ohkura, Masatoshi Lei, Shiming Gopalan, Venkatraman Tanaka, Katsuhisa Brown, Craig M. Green, Mark A. Yamamoto, Takafumi Kobayashi, Yoji Kageyama, Hiroshi TI A labile hydride strategy for the synthesis of heavily nitridized BaTiO3 SO NATURE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL THIN-FILMS; OXYNITRIDE PEROVSKITES; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NANOPARTICLES; CONDUCTIVITY; OXYHYDRIDES; HYDROGEN; TERNARY; BATAO2N AB Oxynitrides have been explored extensively in the past decade because of their interesting properties, such as visible-light absorption, photocatalytic activity and high dielectric permittivity. Their synthesis typically requires high-temperature NH3 treatment (800-1,300 degrees C) of precursors, such as oxides, but the highly reducing conditions and the low mobility of N(3-)species in the lattice place significant constraints on the composition and structure-and hence the properties-of the resulting oxynitrides. Here we show a topochemical route that enables the preparation of an oxynitride at low temperatures (< 500 degrees C), using a perovskite oxyhydride as a host. The lability of H-in BaTiO3-xHx (x <= 0.6) allows H-/N3- exchange to occur, and yields a room-temperature ferroelectric BaTiO3-xN2x/3. This anion exchange is accompanied by a metal-to-insulator crossover via mixed O-H-N intermediates. These findings suggest that this 'labile hydride' strategy can be used to explore various oxynitrides, and perhaps other mixed anionic compounds. C1 [Yajima, Takeshi; Takeiri, Fumitaka; Aidzu, Kohei; Yoshimune, Wataru; Ohkura, Masatoshi; Yamamoto, Takafumi; Kobayashi, Yoji; Kageyama, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Energy & Hydrocarbon Chem, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Yajima, Takeshi] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Akamatsu, Hirofumi; Lei, Shiming; Gopalan, Venkatraman] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fujita, Koji; Tanaka, Katsuhisa] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Chem Mat, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Brown, Craig M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Green, Mark A.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. [Kageyama, Hiroshi] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Yajima, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Energy & Hydrocarbon Chem, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. EM kage@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Fujita, Koji/C-7662-2012; Kageyama, Hiroshi/A-4602-2010; Akamatsu, Hirofumi/O-6634-2014 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Fujita, Koji/0000-0002-1700-0889; Akamatsu, Hirofumi/0000-0003-2867-2127 FU FIRST programme of the Japan Science and Technology Agency; CREST programme of the Japan Science and Technology Agency; National Science Foundation [DMR-1420620, DMR-1210588]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Research Abroad [25-185] FX This work is supported by FIRST and CREST programmes of the Japan Science and Technology Agency. H.A., S.L. and V.G. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation grant numbers DMR-1420620 and DMR-1210588. H.A. acknowledges support from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Research Abroad (No. 25-185). The synchrotron radiation experiments were performed at the BL02B2 of SPring-8 with the approval of the JASRI. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 22 U2 107 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1755-4330 EI 1755-4349 J9 NAT CHEM JI Nat. Chem. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1017 EP 1023 DI 10.1038/NCHEM.2370 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CW8WD UT WOS:000365279200016 PM 26587718 ER PT J AU Oedekoven, CS Laake, JL Skaug, HJ AF Oedekoven, Cornelia S. Laake, Jeffrey L. Skaug, Hans J. TI Distance sampling with a random scale detection function SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Abundance estimation; AD Model Builder; Half-normal; arbor porpoise detections; Heterogeneity in detection probabilities; Mixed effects ID MODELS AB Distance sampling was developed to estimate wildlife abundance from observational surveys with uncertain detection in the search area. We present novel analysis methods for estimating detection probabilities that make use of random effects models to allow for unmodeled heterogeneity in detection. The scale parameter of the half-normal detection function is modeled by means of an intercept plus an error term varying with detections, normally distributed with zero mean and unknown variance. In contrast to conventional distance sampling methods, our approach can deal with long-tailed detection functions without truncation. Compared to a fixed effect covariate approach, we think of the random effect as a covariate with unknown values and integrate over the random effect. We expand the random scale to a mixed scale model by adding fixed effect covariates. We analyzed simulated data with large sample sizes to demonstrate that the code performs correctly for random and mixed effect models. We also generated replicate simulations with more practical sample sizes (similar to 100) and compared the random scale half-normal with the hazard rate detection function. As expected each estimation model was best for different simulation models. We illustrate the mixed effect modeling approach using harbor porpoise vessel survey data where the mixed effect model provided an improved model fit in comparison to a fixed effect model with the same covariates. We propose that a random or mixed effect model of the detection function scale be adopted as one of the standard approaches for fitting detection functions in distance sampling. C1 [Oedekoven, Cornelia S.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, CREEM, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Laake, Jeffrey L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Skaug, Hans J.] Univ Bergen, Dept Math, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Oedekoven, CS (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, CREEM, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. EM cso2@st-andrews.ac.uk FU University of St Andrews [EP/C522702/1]; EP-SRC through the National Centre for Statistical Ecology (EP-SRC) [EP/C522702/1] FX We thank Steve Buckland for reviewing a nearly final draft of the paper. Cornelia Oedekoven was supported by a studentship jointly funded by the University of St Andrews and EP-SRC, through the National Centre for Statistical Ecology (EP-SRC Grant EP/C522702/1). Hans Skaug thanks the Center for Stock Assessment Research for facilitating his visit to University of California, Santa Cruz. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 EI 1573-3009 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 4 SI SI BP 725 EP 737 DI 10.1007/s10651-015-0316-9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA CW8OI UT WOS:000365258600008 ER PT J AU Fisher, JL Peterson, WT Rykaczewski, RR AF Fisher, Jennifer L. Peterson, William T. Rykaczewski, Ryan R. TI The impact of El Nino events on the pelagic food chain in the northern California Current SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; copepod; Eastern Pacific and Central Pacific El Nino; ENSO; food chain; northern California Current; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; trophic transfer; zooplankton ID CENTRAL OREGON COAST; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; UPWELLING ZONE; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; ECOSYSTEM; OCEAN; ENSO; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY AB The zooplankton of the northern California Current are typically characterized by an abundance of lipid-rich copepods that support rapid growth and survival of ecologically, commercially, and recreationally valued fish, birds, and mammals. Disruption of this food chain and reduced ecosystem productivity are often associated with climatic variability such as El Nino events. We examined the variability in timing, magnitude, and duration of positive temperature anomalies and changes in copepod species composition in the northern California Current in relation to 10 tropical El Nino events. Measurable impacts on mesozooplankton of the northern California Current were observed during seven of 10 of these events. The occurrence of anomalously warm water and the response of the copepod community was rapid (lag of zero to 2months) following the initiation of canonical Eastern Pacific (EP) events, but delayed (lag of 2-8months) following 'Modoki' Central Pacific (CP) events. The variable lags in the timing of a physical and biological response led to impacts in the northern California Current peaking in winter during EP events and in the spring during CP events. The magnitude and duration of the temperature and copepod anomalies were strongly and positively related to the magnitude and duration of El Nino events, but were also sensitive to the phase of the lower frequency Pacific Decadal Oscillation. When fisheries managers and biological oceanographers are faced with the prospect of a future El Nino event, prudent management and observation will require consideration of the background oceanographic conditions, the type of event, and both the magnitude and duration of the event when assessing the potential physical and biological impacts on the northern California Current. C1 [Fisher, Jennifer L.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Fisher, JL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Jennifer.fisher@oregonstate.edu RI Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016 OI Rykaczewski, Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X FU NOAA-Fisheries and the Environment Program (FATE); Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics Program (GLOBEC); NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service Stock Assessment Improvement Program; Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) [NA09NMF4720182] FX We thank Leah Feinberg, Tracy Shaw, Jennifer Menkel, Jay Peterson, Julie Keister, Charlie Miller, and Harold Batchelder for assistance with data collection. This work was funded by NOAA-Fisheries and the Environment Program (FATE). Biological data were collected with financial support from the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics Program (GLOBEC), NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service Stock Assessment Improvement Program, and the Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO; NA09NMF4720182). This is GLOBEC contribution number 753. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 12 BP 4401 EP 4414 DI 10.1111/gcb.13054 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CW1UO UT WOS:000364777400011 PM 26220498 ER PT J AU Martinaitis, SM Cocks, SB Qi, YC Kaney, BT Zhang, J Howard, K AF Martinaitis, Steven M. Cocks, Stephen B. Qi, Youcun Kaney, Brian T. Zhang, Jian Howard, Kenneth TI Understanding Winter Precipitation Impacts on Automated Gauge Observations within a Real-Time System SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Snow; Observational techniques and algorithms; Quality assurance; control; Surface observations ID RADAR REFLECTIVITY; QUALITY-CONTROL; RAIN; SNOW; ACCURACY; ACCUMULATION AB Precipitation gauge observations are routinely classified as ground truth and are utilized in the verification and calibration of radar-derived quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE). This study quantifies the challenges of utilizing automated hourly gauge networks to measure winter precipitation within the real-time Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system from 1 October 2013 to 1 April 2014. Gauge observations were compared against gridded radar-derived QPE over the entire MRMS domain. Gauges that reported no precipitation were classified as potentially stuck in the MRMS system if collocated hourly QPE values indicated nonzero precipitation. The average number of potentially stuck gauge observations per hour doubled in environments defined by below-freezing surface wet-bulb temperatures, while the average number of observations when both the gauge and QPE reported precipitation decreased by 77%. Periods of significant winter precipitation impacts resulted in over a thousand stuck gauge observations, or over 10%-18% of all gauge observations across the MRMS domain, per hour. Partial winter impacts were observed prior to the gauges becoming stuck. Simultaneous postevent thaw and precipitation resulted in unreliable gauge values, which can introduce inaccurate bias correction factors when calibrating radar-derived QPE. The authors then describe a methodology to quality control (QC) gauge observations compromised by winter precipitation based on these results. A comparison of two gauge instrumentation types within the National Weather Service (NWS) Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network highlights the need for improved gauge instrumentation for more accurate liquid-equivalent values of winter precipitation. C1 [Martinaitis, Steven M.; Cocks, Stephen B.; Qi, Youcun; Kaney, Brian T.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Martinaitis, Steven M.; Cocks, Stephen B.; Qi, Youcun; Kaney, Brian T.; Zhang, Jian; Howard, Kenneth] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Martinaitis, SM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM steven.martinaitis@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and assistance. The authors also thank Dr. Chris Fiebrich from the Oklahoma Climatological Survey for his insight and review. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2345 EP 2363 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0020.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CW4PZ UT WOS:000364975200002 ER PT J AU Snyder, CR Kline, RJ DeLongchamp, DM Nieuwendaal, RC Richter, LJ Heeney, M McCulloch, I AF Snyder, Chad R. Kline, R. Joseph DeLongchamp, Dean M. Nieuwendaal, Ryan C. Richter, Lee J. Heeney, Martin McCulloch, Iain TI Classification of Semiconducting Polymeric Mesophases to Optimize Device Postprocessing SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE calorimetry; crystallization; liquid-crystalline polymers (LCP); thermodynamics; X-ray ID FLEXIBLE SIDE-CHAINS; RIGID-ROD POLYMERS; CONFORMATIONALLY DISORDERED CRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); CONJUGATED POLYMER; LAYERED MESOPHASE AB Semiconducting polymers form a variety of phases and mesophases that respond differently to postdeposition solvent or thermal treatments. Here it is shown that classification of these materials into their appropriate mesophases can be a useful tool to optimize their thermal postdeposition treatments. Calorimetry is used to quantify differences between materials having similar molecular structures, using a well-established framework based on the kinetics and thermodynamics of phase changes. By way of example, this classification scheme is used to identify differences in three polymers, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and two isomeric bithio-phene-thienothiophene copolymers. It is demonstrated that poly(3-hexylthiophene) is a "normal" polymer crystal and that the two bithiophene-thienothiophene copolymers have liquid crystalline phases. The different phase structure is notable in light of the molecular similarity of the three polymers and has an impact on the thermal postprocessing conditions that maximize field effect charge carrier mobility in thin film transistor devices. Strong superheating effects are demonstrated for the two bithiophene-thienothiophene copolymers and the impact on annealing is demonstrated using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Some suggestions are also put forth for what post-processing should be employed for each class of polymer. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Snyder, Chad R.; Kline, R. Joseph; DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Nieuwendaal, Ryan C.; Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heeney, Martin; McCulloch, Iain] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Heeney, Martin; McCulloch, Iain] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Snyder, CR (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chad.snyder@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020; Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX We thank F. Khoury and D.L. VanderHart for valuable discussions. Use of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 53 IS 23 BP 1641 EP 1653 DI 10.1002/polb.23801 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CW0VF UT WOS:000364707000002 ER PT J AU Forster, AL Rice, KD Riley, MA Chan-Ou-Teung, A Guigues, E Forster, AM AF Forster, Amanda L. Rice, Kirk D. Riley, Michael A. Chan-Ou-Teung, Anthony Guigues, Emilien Forster, Aaron M. TI Specifying and testing idealized bust surrogates for testing of female stab-resistant body armor SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stab-resistant body armor; female body armor; armor testing AB Manufacturers of stab-resistant body armor continually strive to improve the comfort of the armor wearer and maximize protection. As female officers make up a larger portion of the law enforcement and corrections workplace, armor manufacturers have begun to offer designs that accommodate contoured body shapes, such as the female bust region, which results in non-planar armor. Conventional test methodologies for body armor were designed for armor to be tested flat and do not accommodate contoured armor. This work reviews the available literature concerning common bust sizes and discusses the research performed to specify bust surrogate size, shape, and materials for testing stab-resistant female body armor. Two standard cup sizes, B and D, modeled as a paraboloid with a modified base, are recommended to meet breast volume requirements. Recommendations for manufacture of these surrogates for incorporation into standardized test methods are provided. Instrumented stab testing of these surrogates shows that impact location on a structured armor and the type of backing material increase the maximum deceleration of a spike impact. C1 [Forster, Amanda L.; Rice, Kirk D.; Riley, Michael A.; Chan-Ou-Teung, Anthony; Guigues, Emilien] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forster, Aaron M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Forster, AL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr M S 8102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amanda.forster@nist.gov OI Forster, Amanda/0000-0001-7397-4429 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 EI 1746-7748 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 85 IS 20 BP 2108 EP 2124 DI 10.1177/0040517515580510 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA CW1LS UT WOS:000364752300002 ER PT J AU Herring, SC Hoerling, MP Kossin, JP Peterson, TC Stott, PA AF Herring, Stephanie C. Hoerling, Martin P. Kossin, James P. Peterson, Thomas C. Stott, Peter A. TI EXPLAINING EXTREME EVENTS OF 2014 FROM A CLIMATE PERSPECTIVE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Understanding how long-term global change affects the intensity and likelihood of extreme weather events is a frontier science challenge. This fourth edition of explaining extreme events of the previous year (2014) from a climate perspective is the most extensive yet with 33 different research groups exploring the causes of 29 different events that occurred in 2014. A number of this year's studies indicate that human-caused climate change greatly increased the likelihood and intensity for extreme heat waves in 2014 over various regions. For other types of extreme events, such as droughts, heavy rains, and winter storms, a climate change influence was found in some instances and not in others. This year's report also included many different types of extreme events. The tropical cyclones that impacted Hawaii were made more likely due to human-caused climate change. Climate change also decreased the Antarctic sea ice extent in 2014 and increased the strength and likelihood of high sea surface temperatures in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. For western U.S. wildfires, no link to the individual events in 2014 could be detected, but the overall probability of western U.S. wildfires has increased due to human impacts on the climate. Challenges that attribution assessments face include the often limited observational record and inability of models to reproduce some extreme events well. In general, when attribution assessments fail to find anthropogenic signals this alone does not prove anthropogenic climate change did not influence the event. The failure to find a human fingerprint could be due to insufficient data or poor models and not the absence of anthropogenic effects. This year researchers also considered other human-caused drivers of extreme events beyond the usual radiative drivers. For example, flooding in the Canadian prairies was found to be more likely because of human land-use changes that affect drainage mechanisms. Similarly, the Jakarta floods may have been compounded by land-use change via urban development and associated land subsidence. These types of mechanical factors re-emphasize the various pathways beyond climate change by which human activity can increase regional risk of extreme events. C1 [Herring, Stephanie C.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hoerling, Martin P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Madison, WI USA. [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Stott, Peter A.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Herring, SC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 DI 10.1175/BAMS-EEE_2014_ch1.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4SE UT WOS:000368502600001 ER PT J AU Purcell, CM Chabot, CL Craig, MT Martinez-Takeshita, N Allen, LG Hyde, JR AF Purcell, Catherine M. Chabot, Chris L. Craig, Matthew T. Martinez-Takeshita, Natalie Allen, Larry G. Hyde, John R. TI Developing a genetic baseline for the yellowtail amberjack species complex, Seriola lalandi sensu lato, to assess and preserve variation in wild populations of these globally important aquaculture species SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Seriola lalandi; Genetic baseline; Spatial population structure; Aquaculture; Translocation; Microsatellites; Yellowtail amberjack ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ATLANTIC COD; GREATER AMBERJACK; GENUS SERIOLA; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; DIRECTIONAL SELECTION; MICROSATELLITE DNA; LOCAL ADAPTATION AB Recent study suggest the globally distributed yellowtail amberjack, Seriola lalandi sensu lato, is a complex of three closely related species. Together, these and three other species of Seriola comprise an important component of global aquaculture production with an estimated annual value of $1.3 billion. As yellowtail aquaculture grows, the impact of unintentional releases on wild populations has become an increasingly important issue, particularly in light of international trade of hatchery seed. To create a genetic baseline, we examined spatial genetic structure in 260 specimens collected from seven locations over a wide geographical range using 15 nuclear microsatellites and mitochondrial control region sequences. Overall genetic differentiation among locations, as revealed by microsatellite data, was highly significant (F-ST = 0.085, D-EST = 0.382, P < 0.001), and pairwise estimates of divergence derived from mitochondrial and microsatellite data support the presence of four significantly differentiated populations corresponding to the N.E. Pacific, N.W. Pacific, S. Pacific, and South Atlantic. Based on the genetic differentiation detected in this study, and recently published sequence data, these populations more accurately reflect the presence of at least three cryptic species of Seriola. Especially strong genetic differentiation between hemispheres indicates that the equatorial region is a significant dispersal barrier for yellowtail. This study represents the broadest geographic investigation of genetic population structure conducted, to date, for specimens of the S. lalandi complex. C1 [Purcell, Catherine M.; Craig, Matthew T.; Hyde, John R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Chabot, Chris L.; Martinez-Takeshita, Natalie; Allen, Larry G.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Biol, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. RP Purcell, CM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM catherine.purcell@noaa.gov FU National Institute of Health, Minority Biomedical Research Support Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement program (NIH MBRS RISE) [2R25GM063787]; Nearshore Marine Fish Research Program, Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge; National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship program; US National Marine Fisheries Service FX Funding for this study was provided by the National Institute of Health, Minority Biomedical Research Support Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement program (NIH MBRS RISE) (#2R25GM063787), M. Takeshita, the Nearshore Marine Fish Research Program, Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, the National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship program, and the US National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1475 EP 1488 DI 10.1007/s10592-015-0755-8 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CV0QZ UT WOS:000363957700017 ER PT J AU Zaron, ED Fitzpatrick, PJ Cross, SL Harding, JM Bub, FL Wiggert, JD Ko, DS Lau, Y Woodard, K Mooers, CNK AF Zaron, Edward D. Fitzpatrick, Patrick J. Cross, Scott L. Harding, John M. Bub, Frank L. Wiggert, Jerry D. Ko, Dong S. Lau, Yee Woodard, Katharine Mooers, Christopher N. K. TI Initial evaluations of a Gulf of Mexico/Caribbean ocean forecast system in the context of the Deepwater Horizon disaster SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Mexico; Deepwater Horizon; ocean forecasting; skill assessment ID OF-MEXICO; OIL-SPILL; VECTOR CORRELATION; MODEL; CURRENTS; COASTAL; WIND; CIRCULATION; SATELLITE; TRANSPORT AB In response to the Deepwater Horizon (DwH) oil spill event in 2010, the Naval Oceanographic Office deployed a nowcast-forecast system covering the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent Caribbean Sea that was designated Americas Seas, or AMSEAS, which is documented in this manuscript. The DwH disaster provided a challenge to the application of available ocean-forecast capabilities, and also generated a historically large observational dataset. AMSEAS was evaluated by four complementary efforts, each with somewhat different aims and approaches: a university research consortium within an Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) testbed; a petroleum industry consortium, the Gulf of Mexico 3-D Operational Ocean Forecast System Pilot Prediction Project (GOMEX-PPP); a British Petroleum (BP) funded project at the Northern Gulf Institute in response to the oil spill; and the Navy itself. Validation metrics are presented in these different projects for water temperature and salinity profiles, sea surface wind, sea surface temperature, sea surface height, and volume transport, for different forecast time scales. The validation found certain geographic and time biases/errors, and small but systematic improvements relative to earlier regional and global modeling efforts. On the basis of these positive AMSEAS validation studies, an oil spill transport simulation was conducted using archived AMSEAS nowcasts to examine transport into the estuaries east of the Mississippi River. This effort captured the influences of Hurricane Alex and a non-tropical cyclone off the Louisiana coast, both of which pushed oil into the western Mississippi Sound, illustrating the importance of the atmospheric influence on oil spills such as DwH. C1 [Zaron, Edward D.; Mooers, Christopher N. K.] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Patrick J.; Lau, Yee; Woodard, Katharine] Mississippi State Univ, MSU Sci & Technol Ctr, Geosyst Res Inst, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Cross, Scott L.] NOAA, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Harding, John M.] Mississippi State Univ, MSU Sci & Technol Ctr, Northern Gulf Inst, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bub, Frank L.] Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. [Wiggert, Jerry D.; Woodard, Katharine] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ko, Dong S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Zaron, ED (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM ezaron@pdx.edu FU NOAA through the U.S. IOOS Program [2010-012]; BP through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Award [10121360]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security Award [2008-ST-061-ND 0001]; Department of Energy [08121-2801] FX The authors were supported in this work by NOAA Grant 2010-012 through the U.S. IOOS Program administered by the Southeastern Universities Research Association (Fitzpatrick, Harding, Ko, Wiggert); by BP through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Award #10121360 to the Northern Gulf Institute (Fitzpatrick, Harding); by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Award #2008-ST-061-ND 0001 to Mississippi State University (Fitzpatrick); and by the Department of Energy Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America Project #08121-2801 to Portland State University (Mooers, Zaron). The authors thank Jamie Davis for contributing to AMSEAS analyses and graphics development. Brian Hanson provided the FORTRAN code for the Hanson et al. (1992) algorithm (available at http://hanson.geog.udel.edu/similar to hanson/hanson/Research.html). The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of NOAA, BP, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the U.S. Department of Energy, or the U.S. Navy. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 2095-0195 EI 2095-0209 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC JI Front. Earth Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 9 IS 4 SI SI BP 605 EP 636 DI 10.1007/s11707-014-0508-x PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CV4FX UT WOS:000364223500003 ER PT J AU Sturdivant, SK Perchik, M Brill, RW Bushnell, PG AF Sturdivant, S. Kersey Perchik, Marieke Brill, Richard W. Bushnell, Peter G. TI Metabolic responses of the Nereid polychaete, Alitta succinea, to hypoxia at two different temperatures SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stopflow respirometry; Oxyregulation; Oxygen; Critical saturation; Benthic function ID OXYGEN-UPTAKE; ANAEROBIC METABOLISM; SEDIMENTS; BIOTURBATION; ECOSYSTEMS; VENTILATION; ADAPTATIONS; CALIFORNIA; ORGANISMS; COMMUNITY AB Coastal hypoxia has detrimental effects to community ecology, degrading community structure and diminishing benthic function. Benthic function is largely driven by infauna bioturbation, which facilitates life-supporting processes by increasing the quality of marine sediments for nearly all biota. These infauna-mediated processes are diminished by coastal hypoxia. However, some infauna have been documented to exhibit metabolic plasticity to low oxygen allowing them to maintain some form of benthic function. Of particular interest to this study is the Nereid polychaete Alitta succinea. Stopflow respirometry was used to assess the hypoxic tolerance of A. succinea, by quantifying resting metabolic rate (V-O2), critical oxygen saturation (i.e. the oxygen level below which worms could not maintain aerobic metabolism), and the oxyregulation ability at an acclimation temperature (25 degrees C) and after an acute temperature increase (to 30 degrees C). The acute Q(10) during normoxia was 4.6, though this effect of temperature on V-O2, was completely muted during hypoxia with a Q(10) of 1. Compared among other polychaetes, A. succinea was the most efficient at oxyregulation, resulting in low critical oxygen saturation levels of 16% and 10% at 25 and 30 degrees C, respectively. Finally, there was a significant effect of hypoxia on the mass metabolism relationship of A. succinea. Oxygen consumption rates were significantly higher during hypoxia only for smaller A. succinea, suggesting a physiological size selection for hypoxia response. These findings demonstrate the significant effect of hypoxia on A. succinea metabolism, but also provide the metabolic justification for survival of this infaunal worm during severe hypoxia. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sturdivant, S. Kersey] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Sturdivant, S. Kersey] INSPIRE Environm, Newport, RI 02840 USA. [Perchik, Marieke] Allegheny Coll, Dept Environm Sci, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. [Brill, Richard W.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Brill, Richard W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Bushnell, Peter G.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, South Bend, IN 46634 USA. RP Sturdivant, SK (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM kersey@inspireenvironmental.com FU NSF; Duke University Marine Lab FX Supported in part by NSF funded OCE-PRF and Duke University Marine Lab funded Joseph S. Ramus Endowment to S.K.S. We also thank D. Forward for a helpful critique and critical discussions. [SS] NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 473 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2015.09.001 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CV4TI UT WOS:000364259000019 ER PT J AU Adam, TC Kelley, M Ruttenberg, BI Burkepile, DE AF Adam, Thomas C. Kelley, Megan Ruttenberg, Benjamin I. Burkepile, Deron E. TI Resource partitioning along multiple niche axes drives functional diversity in parrotfishes on Caribbean coral reefs SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Fishing; Functional group; Herbivory; Niche partitioning ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; PHASE-SHIFTS; HABITAT USE; HERBIVORY; FISHES; RESILIENCE; DYNAMICS; BIODIVERSITY AB The recent loss of key consumers to exploitation and habitat degradation has significantly altered community dynamics and ecosystem function across many ecosystems worldwide. Predicting the impacts of consumer losses requires knowing the level of functional diversity that exists within a consumer assemblage. In this study, we document functional diversity among nine species of parrotfishes on Caribbean coral reefs. Parrotfishes are key herbivores that facilitate the maintenance and recovery of coral-dominated reefs by controlling algae and provisioning space for the recruitment of corals. We observed large functional differences among two genera of parrotfishes that were driven by differences in diet. Fishes in the genus Scarus targeted filamentous algal turf assemblages, crustose coralline algae, and endolithic algae and avoided macroalgae, while fishes in the genus Sparisoma preferentially targeted macroalgae. However, species with similar diets were dissimilar in other attributes, including the habitats they frequented, the types of substrate they fed from, and the spatial scale at which they foraged. These differences indicate that species that appear to be functionally redundant when looking at diet alone exhibit high levels of complementarity when we consider multiple functional traits. By identifying key functional differences among parrotfishes, we provide critical information needed to manage parrotfishes to enhance the resilience of coral-dominated reefs and reverse phase shifts on algal-dominated reefs throughout the wider Caribbean. Further, our study provides a framework for predicting the impacts of consumer losses in other species rich ecosystems. C1 [Adam, Thomas C.; Kelley, Megan; Burkepile, Deron E.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93410 USA. RP Adam, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM adam@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Ruttenberg, Benjamin/D-2556-2012 FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; National Science Foundation [OCE-1130786] FX This work was supported by a grant from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program to BIR and DEB and facilitated by grant number OCE-1130786 from the National Science Foundation to DEB and R. Vega Thurber. We thank Laura Catano for assistance with fieldwork and Andrew Hoey and one anonymous reviewer for comments that improved the manuscript. This work was conducted with permission from the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary under permit no. FKNMS-2013-058. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 13 U2 83 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2015 VL 179 IS 4 BP 1173 EP 1185 DI 10.1007/s00442-015-3406-3 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4HE UT WOS:000364226900022 PM 26245147 ER PT J AU Jackson, LA Rakocinski, CF Blaylock, RB AF Jackson, Lauren A. Rakocinski, Chet F. Blaylock, Reginald B. TI Previous exposure to novel prey improves the feeding success of hatchery-reared spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830) within habitat structure SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE novel prey; habitat structure; feeding success ID ENVIRONMENT; SKILLS; FISH; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR C1 [Jackson, Lauren A.] NOAA, NMFS, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS USA. [Rakocinski, Chet F.; Blaylock, Reginald B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. RP Rakocinski, CF (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, 703 East Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM chet.rakocinski@usm.edu FU Mississippi Department of Marine Resources Tidelands Trust Fund; USA NOAA's Science Consortium for Ocean Replenishment (SCORE) FX While conducting this research, L.A. Jackson was supported by the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources Tidelands Trust Fund and USA NOAA's Science Consortium for Ocean Replenishment (SCORE). We extend our sincere thanks to B.H. Comyns for his input and to the staff of the Thad Cochran Marine Aquaculture Center for their help in rearing juvenile spotted seatrout, including B. Schesny, J. Snawder, D. Butler, S. Barnes, J. Wagner, M. Lee, J. Lemus and A. Apeitos. Finally, we thank J. Jackson for his assistance in setting up and conducting the mesocosm experiment. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1355-557X EI 1365-2109 J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 46 IS 12 BP 3079 EP 3083 DI 10.1111/are.12438 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CU5TI UT WOS:000363594500025 ER PT J AU Wang, HF Yamada, C Liu, J Liu, BL Tu, XM Zheng, M Zhou, CW Homma, Y AF Wang, Huafeng Yamada, Chisato Liu, Jia Liu, Bilu Tu, Xiaomin Zheng, Ming Zhou, Chongwu Homma, Yoshikazu TI Re-growth of single-walled carbon nanotube by hot-wall and cold-wall chemical vapor deposition SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GROWTH; PYROLYSIS; ACETYLENE; CATALYSTS; ETHANOL; C-60 AB Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was synthesized from short nanotubes using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and the associated factors affecting the re-growth of the SWCNT were both investigated and optimized. Long, dense nanotubes were prepared from a mixture of acetylene and ethanol on air-annealed ST-cut quartz substrates by hot-wall CVD. Raman and photoluminescence analyses of the resulting material demonstrated that SWCNT was generated from the initial seeds since the chiralities of the seeds were maintained in the re-grown SWCNT. The re-growth of SWCNT was also achieved by cold-wall CVD. In both CVD systems, the efficiency of SWCNT re-growth was largely determined by the pretreatment conditions and growth parameters. By varying these factors, the growth of SWCNT from seeds was controlled. The re-growth mechanism is discussed based on experimental observations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Huafeng; Yamada, Chisato; Homma, Yoshikazu] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. [Liu, Jia; Liu, Bilu; Zhou, Chongwu] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Tu, Xiaomin; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, HF (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, Shinjuku Ku, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. EM Huafeng.w@gmail.com; homma@rs.tus.ac.jp RI Liu, Bilu/B-2287-2010; liu, jia/K-4605-2015; Zhou, Chongwu/F-7483-2010 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD DEC PY 2015 VL 95 BP 497 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.08.039 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CU1WM UT WOS:000363312900058 ER PT J AU Frey, PH Head, MA Keller, AA AF Frey, Peter H. Head, Melissa A. Keller, Aimee A. TI Maturity and growth of darkblotched rockfish, Sebastes crameri, along the US west coast SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Sebastes crameri; Maturity; Age at maturity; Oocyte development; Overfishing ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; NORTHEAST ARCTIC COD; PACIFIC-OCEAN PERCH; SEXUAL-MATURITY; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; INDUCED EVOLUTION; SEA PLAICE; AGE; MATURATION AB Changes in the reproductive biology of fish stocks over time can affect the accuracy of recruitment estimates used by fisheries managers to determine harvest levels. For heavily depleted species, shifts in parameters such as age and size at maturity may occur over a relatively short time period in response to changes in selective pressure or population density. We examined the reproductive biology of darkblotched rockfish (Sebastes crameri), a commercially and ecologically important groundfish in the California Current ecosystem along the west coast of North America. The National Marine Fisheries Service currently lists darkblotched rockfish as "rebuilding" after years of intense overfishing in the 1980s and 1990s. We examined ovaries and age structures collected in 2011 and 2012 for oocyte development stage and maturity. Length and age at 50 % maturity were estimated as 30.0 cm fork length and 6.0 years, respectively, indicating a 12 and 29 % decrease compared to the length and age at 50 % maturity previously reported for this stock based on specimens collected from 1986 to 1987. This reduction increased the estimate of spawning stock biomass in a recent darkblotched rockfish stock assessment. Our study also revealed spatial patterns in darkblotched rockfish maturity along the U.S. west coast, including a notable decrease in the proportion of mature fish encountered south of central Oregon. Our findings demonstrate the importance of periodically updating life history data used in stock assessment models, and also highlight the potential value of spatial management toward sustainable fishing of rockfish species. C1 [Frey, Peter H.; Head, Melissa A.; Keller, Aimee A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Frey, PH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Peter.Frey@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2015 VL 98 IS 12 BP 2353 EP 2365 DI 10.1007/s10641-015-0441-1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CU5BO UT WOS:000363546800005 ER PT J AU Little, AS Needle, CL Hilborn, R Holland, DS Marshall, CT AF Little, Alyson S. Needle, Coby L. Hilborn, Ray Holland, Daniel S. Marshall, C. Tara TI Real-time spatial management approaches to reduce bycatch and discards: experiences from Europe and the United States SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Bycatch; discarding; fisheries; real-time closures; risk pool agreements; spatial management ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; BY-CATCH; SEA; COMANAGEMENT AB Spatial management measures are currently being used to manage bycatch and discards, given the spatial heterogeneity of fish distributions. However, permanent fishing closures are often poorly implemented, unresponsive to stock dynamics and do not achieve their management objectives. Recently, real-time spatial management tools for managing bycatch and discards implemented under either a comanagement or self-governance approach have been introduced in Europe and the US. Real-time catch and discard information is shared among fishers to incentivise and encourage vessels to leave areas of high bycatch. Here, the similarities and differences, in governance, implementation and management of ten real-time spatial management systems from across Europe and the US are reviewed. A framework is developed to characterize the attributes associated with voluntary, private and regulatory real-time spatial management tools. Challenges and management practices in the different case studies are reviewed providing insights for designing these spatial management tools. The results illustrate that real-time spatial management approaches can create incentives for fishers to develop, use and share information and technology to avoid undesired catch. Compared with Europe, the US has developed spatial management tools with more truly real-time mechanisms and with greater involvement of the fishing industry in designing and operating the tools. C1 [Little, Alyson S.; Marshall, C. Tara] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Needle, Coby L.] Marine Scotland Sci, Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland. [Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holland, Daniel S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Little, AS (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Zool Bldg,Tillydrone Ave, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. EM a.little@abdn.ac.uk OI Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X; Barratt, Alyson/0000-0002-7663-7070 FU Winston Churchill Memorial Trust; Natural Environment Research Council; Scottish White Fish Producers' Association Limited FX The authors gratefully acknowledge all the fishing industry stakeholders who contributed to the collection and verification of case study information. In particular, thanks to Jacob Handrup, Mike Park, Kristjan Helgason, Peter Gullestad, Dave Bethoney, Cate O'Keefe, Daniel Georgianna, Jason Didden, Deirdre Boelke, Jim Ianelli, Karl Haflinger, Michael Bell, Michelle Norvell, Joe Sullivan and Dave Fraser. This work was supported by the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust, Natural Environment Research Council and the Scottish White Fish Producers' Association Limited. However, this paper does not necessarily represent opinions or positions held by those organisations. NR 78 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 576 EP 602 DI 10.1111/faf.12080 PG 27 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CU1FC UT WOS:000363264400003 ER PT J AU Roessner, U Bearden, D AF Roessner, Ute Bearden, Dan TI 2015: an eventful year for the Metabolomics Society SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Roessner, Ute] Univ Melbourne, Sch Biosci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Bearden, Dan] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Roessner, U (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Biosci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM u.roessner@unimelb.edu.au OI Roessner, Ute/0000-0002-6482-2615 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 EI 1573-3890 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD DEC PY 2015 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1475 EP 1477 DI 10.1007/s11306-015-0865-9 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CT8BS UT WOS:000363040600001 ER PT J AU Zhang, BL Tallapragada, V Weng, FZ Sippel, J Ma, ZZ AF Zhang, Banglin Tallapragada, Vijay Weng, Fuzhong Sippel, Jason Ma, Zaizhong TI Use of incremental analysis updates in 4D-Var data assimilation SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; incremental analysis updates; 4D-Var; convergence AB The four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation systems used in most operational and research centers use initial condition increments as control variables and adjust initial increments to find optimal analysis solutions. This approach may sometimes create discontinuities in analysis fields and produce undesirable spin ups and spin downs. This study explores using incremental analysis updates (IAU) in 4D-Var to reduce the analysis discontinuities. IAU-based 4D-Var has almost the same mathematical formula as conventional 4D-Var if the initial condition increments are replaced with time-integrated increments as control variables. The IAU technique was implemented in the NASA/GSFC 4D-Var prototype and compared against a control run without IAU. The results showed that the initial precipitation spikes were removed and that other discontinuities were also reduced, especially for the analysis of surface temperature. C1 [Zhang, Banglin; Sippel, Jason] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhang, Banglin; Tallapragada, Vijay; Sippel, Jason] NOAA NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ma, Zaizhong] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Zhang, BL (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM banglin.zhang@noaa.gov RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project FX The authors thank Yannick TREMOLET of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and Ricardo TODLING of the GMAO for their help with the development of the NASA/GMAO 4D-Var prototype. The authors are grateful to Jing GUO of Science Systems and Applications, Inc. at the NASA/GMAO for helpful discussions. The work was supported by NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1575 EP 1582 DI 10.1007/s00376-015-5041-7 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT8HH UT WOS:000363055300001 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Koo, SM AF Kim, Ji-Hong Koo, Sang-Mo TI Epitaxial ZnO thin film transistors on 4H-SiC substrates SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE ZnO; Thin film transistors; TFTs; Epitaxial growth; 4H-SiC ID C-PLANE SAPPHIRE; DEPOSITION; GROWTH; DIODES AB Epitaxial ZnO thin film transistors (TFTs) were successfully fabricated on 4H-SiC (0001) substrates and characterized. When compared with conventional ZnO TFTs on glass substrates that were prepared in the same fabrication process, the ZnO TFTs on 4H-SiC substrates exhibited improved characteristics, namely, a saturation mobility of 5.41 cm(2)/V s, a threshold voltage of 2.43 V, and a subthreshold swing of 0.61 V/decade. The ZnO TFTs on glass substrates showed 0.44 cm(2)/V s, -1.55 V, and 1.13 V/decade. Such improved performance is attributed to the different growth behavior and structural properties of the ZnO channel layers on 4H-SiC substrates. Structural analysis on the ZnO channel layers clearly revealed the epitaxial growth of high-crystalline ZnO along the c-axis on 4H-SiC and the polycrystalline growth on glass substrates. The epitaxial ZnO thin films showed a higher Hall mobility of 24.17 cm(2)/V s due to less grain boundary and a lower carrier concentration of 6.21 x 10(15)/cm(3) resulting from higher crystalline quality with less defects, whereas the ZnO on glass exhibited 6.24 cm(2/)V s and 2.37 x 10(17)/cm(3). (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Ji-Hong] Korea Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Koo, Sang-Mo] Kwangwoon Univ, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Seoul 139701, South Korea. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jihong81@gmail.com NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 EI 1873-3956 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 41 IS 10 BP 14641 EP 14644 DI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.07.185 PN B PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA CT6JS UT WOS:000362919900091 ER PT J AU Gilmore, K Vinson, J Shirley, EL Prendergast, D Pemmaraju, CD Kas, JJ Vila, FD Rehr, JJ AF Gilmore, K. Vinson, John Shirley, E. L. Prendergast, D. Pemmaraju, C. D. Kas, J. J. Vila, F. D. Rehr, J. J. TI Efficient implementation of core-excitation Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectroscopy; Bethe-Salpeter equation ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; 3D TRANSITION-METALS; HOLE INTERACTION; SPECTRA; INTERFACE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; COEXISTENCE; MOLECULES; PACKAGE; BATIO3 AB We present an efficient implementation of the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) method for obtaining core-level spectra including X-ray absorption (XAS), X-ray emission (XES), and both resonant and non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra (N/RIXS). Calculations are based on density functional theory (OFT) electronic structures generated either by ABINIT or QuantumESPRESSO, both plane-wave basis, pseudopotential codes. This electronic structure is improved through the inclusion of a GW self energy. The projector augmented wave technique is used to evaluate transition matrix elements between core-level and band states. Final two-particle scattering states are obtained with the NIST core-level BSE solver (NBSE). We have previously reported this implementation, which we refer to as OCEAN (Obtaining Core Excitations from Ab initio electronic structure and NBSE) (Vinson et al., 2011). Here, we present additional efficiencies that enable us to evaluate spectra for systems ten times larger than previously possible; containing up to a few thousand electrons. These improvements include the implementation of optimal basis functions that reduce the cost of the initial OFT calculations, more complete parallelization of the screening calculation and of the action of the BSE Hamiltonian, and various memory reductions, Scaling is demonstrated on supercells of SrTiO3 and example spectra for the organic light emitting molecule Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq(3)) are presented. The ability to perform large-scale spectral calculations is particularly advantageous for investigating dilute or non-periodic systems such as doped materials, amorphous systems, or complex nano-structures. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gilmore, K.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Gilmore, K.] Soochow Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Funct Mat & Devices, Inst Funct Nano & Soft Mat FUNSOM, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Vinson, John; Shirley, E. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Prendergast, D.; Pemmaraju, C. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kas, J. J.; Vila, F. D.; Rehr, J. J.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gilmore, K (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. EM kgilmore@esrf.fr OI Vinson, John/0000-0002-7619-7060 FU DOE [DE-FG03-97ER45623]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11375127]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Provence [BK20130280]; Chinese 1000 Talents Plan; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by DOE Grant DE-FG03-97ER45623 (KG, JJK, FDV, JJR). KG was additionally supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 11375127), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Provence (Grant BK20130280) and the Chinese 1000 Talents Plan. Calculations were conducted in part (DP and CDP) with computing resources of The Molecular Foundry at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and additional supercomputing resources were provided by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), both DOE Office of Science User Facilities supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 197 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2015.08.014 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA CT6JO UT WOS:000362919500012 ER PT J AU Faunce, CH Cahalan, J Bonney, J Swanson, R AF Faunce, Craig H. Cahalan, Jennifer Bonney, Julie Swanson, Robert TI Can observer sampling validate industry catch reports from trawl fisheries? SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Quota monitoring; Observers; Sampling; Catch estimation; Data quality, Fisheries, Alaska ID LESSONS; COOPERATIVES; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; PACIFIC; ALASKA AB Stock assessment scientists and fishery managers operate under the necessary assumption that the identities of species and quantities of catch from industry landing reports are known without error. To evaluate this assumption, we compared industry-generated reports of landed catch to independent observer estimates. An observer sampling design for shore-based processing plants was developed and implemented at four plants in Kodiak, Alaska. A total of 13 deliveries from three fisheries were examined. Observers were able to track different portions of the catch and treat them as strata from which to randomly sample or completely enumerate. Differences between observer- and industry-derived species proportions were negligible when measured across the entire study, but differed by fishery. Industry weight in the shallow-water flatfish fishery exhibited a small negative bias not related to processor or species type. Weight differences in complete enumerations for big (Beringraja binoculata) and longnose skates (Raja rhina) were of similar magnitude but in opposite directions, leading to the conclusion that the identification of these species is confused since there is no detection error. Where observers needed to sample, they were able to detect most species in open access fisheries, with a resolution comparable to that of the industry, and were more likely to detect skates than industry. However, in the cooperative rockfish fishery, where tighter controls on the dockside sorting of fish by plant staff are in place, industry reports had enhanced detection of rare species relative to observer sampling. Notwithstanding, differences between data sources remained substantial in strata where the observer sampled even after considering rarity. The results here highlight the utility of using third-party verification to improve data quality of self-reported data, and identified the logistical, database, and analytical challenges to effectively monitor fishery quotas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Faunce, Craig H.] NOAA, Fisheries Monitoring & Anal Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cahalan, Jennifer] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bonney, Julie] Alaska Groundfish Data Bank, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Swanson, Robert] NOAA, Fisheries Monitoring & Anal Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Kodiak Fisheries Res C, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Faunce, CH (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Monitoring & Anal Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way,NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM craig.faunce@noaa.gov; jcahalan@psmfc.org; jbonney@gci.net FU North Pacific Research Board [1017]; NMFS (Fisheries Monitoring and Analysis Division of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center); Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission FX This work would not have been possible without the dedicated professional fisheries observers who served as the project's at-sea scientists or without the voluntary participation of the owners, operators, and staff of the processors that allowed us to conduct this project. Specifically we would like to thank observers: Robert Davis, Laura Galati, Kenny Hardin, Carla Hilts, Mike Levine, Lauren Loe, Tom Mauer, Dave Pearmain, and Rory Ricks; the vessels F/V Caravelle, F/V Laura, F/V Marathon, F/V Mar Del Norte, F/V Michelle Renee, F/V Pacific Star, F/V Sea Mac, and F/V Topaz, and the processors APS, ISA, Ocean Beauty, and Trident Seafoods. Katy McGauley (Alaska Groundfish Data Bank) provided invaluable at-sea support and technical expertise to the project. The programmatic support on which this project depended was provided by the training, data processing, and contract management staff of the Fisheries Monitoring and Analysis Division of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, in particular Brian Mason, Mike Vector, Bob Maier and Heather Weikart. Saltwater, Inc. provided observers while under contract to the NMFS. This manuscript was improved through the reviews of O. Ormseth, S. Lowe, A. Punt, and two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this project was provided by the North Pacific Research Board (Project 1017), the NMFS (Fisheries Monitoring and Analysis Division of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center), and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. This is NPRB publication number 522. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 172 BP 34 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.06.007 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CS5SP UT WOS:000362138700005 ER PT J AU Rooper, CN Williams, K De Robertis, A Tuttle, V AF Rooper, Christopher N. Williams, Kresimir De Robertis, Alex Tuttle, Vanessa TI Effect of underwater lighting on observations of density and behavior of rockfish during camera surveys SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Underwater stereo imagery; Underwater lighting; Sebastes; Visual surveys; Habitat studies; Puget sound ID FISH BEHAVIOR; DEEP-WATER; HABITAT; ABUNDANCE; ASSOCIATIONS; TRANSECTS; ALASKA; TRAWLS; STOCK; SPP. AB Unbiased visual observations of fish are increasingly important for a number of management issues, such as non-extractive abundance estimates and fish-habitat associations. We tested the effect of three types of underwater lighting on observable rockfish density and behavior using an underwater stereo camera. Higher densities of small rockfish were observed on deployments conducted with strobed red lights (where rockfish are less spectrally sensitive) than with either strobed white light or constant white light. The difference between strobed red lights and constant white light was statistically significant. For three larger species of rockfish there was no significant effect of lighting on fish density. Rockfish behavioral responses measured by the range-dependent height off the seafloor were also lowest for the red strobe light deployments, although not significantly different than for white strobe light. Rockfish height above the seafloor decreased as the drop camera approached in all treatments for both small and large rockfish. Small rockfish exhibited stronger responses to light treatments both in terms of density and observed height off the seafloor, while large rockfish were less sensitive to any of the light treatments. The implications of this study are that white lights decrease the observed density of small rockfish during underwater surveys, and the degree to which lighting regimes overlap the spectral sensitivities of target fishes can determine fish reactions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rooper, Christopher N.; Williams, Kresimir; De Robertis, Alex] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Tuttle, Vanessa] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Rooper, CN (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chris.rooper@noaa.gov FU NMFS Office of Science and Technology, Untrawlable Habitat Strategic Initiative FX The successful completion of the fieldwork was made possible by the assistance of D. Duggins, D. Willows, K. Kull and J. Fahlbusch of UW-Friday Harbor Laboratory and R. Pacunski of WDFW. R. Towler and J. Harms provided assistance with the underwater camera equipment. L. Britt provided advice and expertise on underwater lighting. This manuscript was improved by discussions and comments from G.R. Hoff, C. Ryer, W. Palsson, D. Somerton, and two anonymous reviewers. This study was funded by NMFS Office of Science and Technology, Untrawlable Habitat Strategic Initiative. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 172 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.07.012 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CS5SP UT WOS:000362138700019 ER PT J AU Murray, KT AF Murray, Kimberly T. TI The importance of location and operational fishing factors in estimating and reducing loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) interactions in US bottom trawl gear SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Loggerhead turtle; Fisheries interaction; Bottom trawl; Generalized additive model; Mitigation ID BYCATCH; MORTALITY; CATCH AB Mortalities due to interactions between loggerhead (Caretta caretta) turtles and commercial bottom trawl fisheries impede the recovery of loggerhead populations worldwide. In the U.S. Mid-Atlantic, several hundred loggerheads interact with commercial bottom trawl gear each year despite the implementation of temporal and spatial conservation measures. In this analysis a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) is developed using fisheries observer data to estimate the magnitude of loggerhead interactions and mortalities in U.S. Mid-Atlantic bottom trawl gear from 2009 to 2013. Based on the results, the potential conservation benefits of hypothetical spatial closures or turtle excluder device (TED) requirements in times and areas of high estimated interactions is then evaluated. Loggerhead interaction rates were modeled as a function of retained catch, depth, latitude, and sea surface temperature. From 2009-2013, a total of 1156 (CV = 0.13,908-1488) loggerheads were estimated to have interacted with bottom trawl gear in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic, of which 479 resulted in mortality. The total number of estimated interactions was equivalent to 166 adults, of which 68 resulted in mortality. The trawl fishery targeting Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) in the southern Mid-Atlantic had the highest turtle interactions among fisheries investigated; this may be due to larger mesh sizes in the mouth of the trawl and high headline height of the gear. The potential conservation benefit of hypothetical spatial closures or TEDs differs depending on the metric used to define "benefit", and further depends on factors such as the spatial and temporal design of the closure, the magnitude and distribution of effort displacement, the spatial distribution of observed loggerhead life stages, and the assumed survival rate of animals passing through TEDs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Murray, KT (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Kimberly.Murray@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 172 BP 440 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.08.012 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CS5SP UT WOS:000362138700046 ER PT J AU Said, F Johnsen, H Chapron, B Engen, G AF Said, Faozi Johnsen, Harald Chapron, Bertrand Engen, Geir TI An Ocean Wind Doppler Model Based on the Generalized Curvature Ocean Surface Scattering Model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Doppler measurements; geophysical measurement techniques; sea surface; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID RADAR CROSS-SECTION; SEA-SURFACE; RETRIEVAL; SAR AB A Doppler centroid D-C model based on the generalized curvature ocean surface scattering model (generalized curvature model or GCM) is presented. Two key features are included in this model: a skewness-related phase coefficient based on empirical skewness coefficients of sea-surface-slope probability density function (pdf) for wind speed less than 10 m/s and effects from wave breaking for wind speed greater than 10 m/s. Simulated D-c values are exclusively compared with the empirical geophysical Doppler model function named CDOP, for hh and vv polarizations, various wind conditions, and incidence angles. Good agreement is found overall between CDOP and simulated D-C values. The overall bias for simulated Dc-vv with and without skewness are 2.63 versus -0.51 Hz (14.6 versus -2.8 cm/s), respectively; overall standard deviations are 2.76 versus 3.53 Hz (15.3 versus 19.6 cm/s). For simulated DC-hh, overall bias values with and without skewness are -0.16 versus -2.52 Hz (-0.9 versus -14 cm/s); standard deviations are 3.56 versus 4.32 Hz (19.7 versus 24 cm/s). The overall bias for simulated Dc-vv with and without the wave breaking component are -0.08 versus 0.12 Hz (-0.4 versus 0.7 cm/s), respectively; corresponding standard deviations are 3.32 versus 4.75 Hz (18.4 versus 26.3 cm/s). Bias values for simulated Dc-vv with and without the wave breaking component are -1.83 versus -2.02 Hz (-10.2 versus -11.2 cm/s), with corresponding overall standard deviations of 3.43 versus 4.87 Hz (19 versus 27 cm/s). The largest deviation from CDOP, of about 18 Hz (0.99 m/s), is found in the upwind direction for a 26 incidence angle, 10-m/s wind speed, and hh polarization. C1 [Said, Faozi] NOAA, Ocean Surface Winds Team, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Johnsen, Harald; Engen, Geir] Norut, Earth Observat Grp, N-9294 Tromso, Norway. [Chapron, Bertrand] IFREMER, Lab Oceanog Space, F-29280 Brest, France. RP Said, F (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Surface Winds Team, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM faozi.said@noaa.gov; harald.johnsen@norut.no; bertrand.chapron@ifremer.fr; geir.engen@norut.no RI Chapron, Bertrand/O-6527-2015 FU Tromso County Regional Development Fund FX This work was supported by the Tromso County Regional Development Fund. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2015 VL 53 IS 12 BP 6632 EP 6638 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2445057 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CR7LV UT WOS:000361532400025 ER PT J AU Moradi, I Ferraro, RR Soden, BJ Eriksson, P Arkin, P AF Moradi, Isaac Ferraro, Ralph R. Soden, Brian J. Eriksson, Patrick Arkin, Phillip TI Retrieving Layer-Averaged Tropospheric Humidity From Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder Water Vapor Channels SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Climate change; hydrology; joint polar satellite system (JPSS); microwave; remote sensing; water vapor ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; CLOUD; PRECIPITATION; ASSIMILATION; TEMPERATURES; VALIDATION; FEEDBACK; NPP AB A method is presented to calculate layer-averaged tropospheric humidity (LAH) from the observations of the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) water vapor channels. The method is based on a linear relation between the satellite brightness temperatures (Tb) and natural logarithm of Jacobian weighted humidity. The empirical coefficients of this linear relation were calculated using different data sets, as well as a fast and a line-by-line radiative transfer (RT) model. It was found that the coefficients do not significantly depend on the data set or the RT model. This Tb to the LAH transformation method can be applied to either original or limb-corrected ATMS Tb's. The method was validated using both simulated and observed ATMS Tb's. The systematic difference between the estimated and calculated LAH values was less than 10% in most cases. We also tested the transformation method using a fixed Jacobian for each channel. The bias generally increases when fixed Jacobians are used, but there is still a satisfactory agreement between estimated and calculated LAH values. In addition, the spatial distribution of the bias was investigated using the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) Interim Reanalysis (ERA-interim) and collocated ATMS observations. The bias did not indicate any significant regional dependence when actual Jacobians were used, but in the case of fixed Jacobians, the bias generally increased from middle latitude toward the poles. C1 [Moradi, Isaac; Arkin, Phillip] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Moradi, Isaac] NOAA, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ferraro, Ralph R.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Soden, Brian J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Eriksson, Patrick] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Moradi, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Isaac.Moradi@noaa.gov RI Eriksson, Patrick/A-5321-2009; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Moradi, Isaac/A-7539-2008 OI Eriksson, Patrick/0000-0002-8475-0479; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Moradi, Isaac/0000-0003-2194-1427 FU NOAA/National Climatic Data Center (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites) at the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was supported by the NOAA/National Climatic Data Center under Grant# NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites) at the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2015 VL 53 IS 12 BP 6675 EP 6688 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2445832 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CR7LV UT WOS:000361532400029 ER PT J AU Perkins, A McLinden, MO AF Perkins, Richard A. McLinden, Mark O. TI Spherical resonator for vapor-phase speed of sound and measurements of 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-methoxypropane (RE347mcc) and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene [R1234ze(E)] SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Ethane; 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluoro-3-methoxypropane; Methane; Sound speed; Spherical resonator; trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MELTING LINE; 450 K; PRESSURES; TEMPERATURES; MPA; METHANE; ARGON; COEFFICIENTS AB We describe an apparatus to measure the speed of sound of gas samples at temperatures from (265 to 500) K with pressures up to 10 MPa. The speed of sound was determined from the frequency of the three lowest-order radial resonance modes for the gas in a spherical cavity machined from type 321 stainless steel for corrosion resistance. The spherical resonator was contained in an isothermal copper block that was maintained at the temperature of interest by a multilayer thermostat with vacuum insulation. The dimensions of the spherical cavity were characterized as a function of temperature and pressure though calibration measurements with high-purity argon. The performance of the apparatus was demonstrated with measurements of high-purity methane and ethane. Measurements of the sound speed of 1,1,1,2,2, 3,3-heptafluoro-3-methoxypropane (RE347mcc) are reported at temperatures from (325 to 500) K with pressures up to 1.6 MPa. Measurements on trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)) are reported at temperatures from (280 to 420) K with pressures up to 2.8 MPa. The average relative combined expanded uncertainties of the measured sound speed for RE347mcc and R1234ze(E) are (0.029 and 0.041)%, respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Perkins, Richard A.; McLinden, Mark O.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Perkins, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway,Mailstop 647-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM richard.perkins@nist.gov; mark.mclinden@nist.gov FU United Technologies Research Center under DOE [DE-EE0002770] FX We gratefully acknowledge the generous donation of the spherical-resonator cell, which comprises the core of our instrument, to NIST in 2004 by Dr. J.T.R. Watson (1941-2006) of the National Engineering Laboratory (Glasgow, UK). We also gratefully acknowledge Prof. J.P.M. Trusler of Imperial College (London, UK) for designing and directing the fabrication of this spherical-resonator cell and for his guidance as we got it working. We thank Dr. M.R. Moldover of NIST for inspiration and enlightening guidance on the sound speed of gases and spherical resonators. We thank Ryan Hulse and Dr. Rajiv Singh of Honeywell for providing the high-purity sample of R1234ze(E). The measurements on RE347mcc were supported by a subcontract with United Technologies Research Center under DOE Agreement DE-EE0002770 (Tailored Working Fluids for Enhanced Geothermal Power Plants). This sponsor was not involved in the study design, nor the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 EI 1096-3626 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 91 BP 43 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2015.07.005 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA CR6QO UT WOS:000361472600006 ER PT J AU Zaitsau, D Paulechka, E Firaha, DS Blokhin, AV Kabo, GJ Bazyleva, A Kabo, AG Varfolomeev, MA Sevruk, VM AF Zaitsau, Dzmitry Paulechka, Eugene Firaha, Dzmitry S. Blokhin, Andrey V. Kabo, Gennady J. Bazyleva, Ala Kabo, Andrey G. Varfolomeev, Mikhail A. Sevruk, Viktor M. TI Comprehensive study of the thermodynamic properties for 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Heat capacity; Phase transition enthalpy; Vapour pressure; Hydrogen bond; Standard enthalpy of formation; Gas phase cluster formation ID HEAT-CAPACITIES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; VAPORIZATION ENTHALPIES; LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; GROUP ADDITIVITY; VAPOR-LIQUID; BASIS-SETS; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY; WATER AB The heat capacity of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol over the interval T = (5 to 370) K was measured in an adiabatic calorimeter. The standard entropy and heat capacity of the liquid phase at a reference temperature 298.15 K were found to be S-m(o) = (232.6 +/- 1.0) J . K-1 . mol(-1) and C-s,C-m = (237.4 +/- 0.9) J . K-1 . mol(-1). The triple-point temperature T-fus = (245.03 +/- 0.03) K and the corresponding enthalpy of fusion Delta H-l(cr)m(o) = (5.199 +/- 0.012) kJ . mol(-1) were also determined. The enthalpy of vaporisation was determined with a Calvet-type calorimeter to be Delta H-g(l)m(o) (305: 1 K) = (46.9 +/- 1.6) kJ.mol(-1). The vapour pressure over the temperature interval (280 to 328) K was measured with a static technique. The standard entropy of vaporisation at T = 298.15 K was found to be Delta S-g(l)m(o) = (132.7 +/- 0.2) J . K-1 . mol(-1). The standard enthalpy of combustion for liquid 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol Delta H-c(m)o (l, 298.15 K) = -(3145.1 +/- 2.7) kJ . mol(-1) was measured with two static-bomb isoperibol combustion calorimeters. From the experimental data, the standard enthalpies of formation for liquid and gaseous 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol were found to be Delta H-f(m)o(l, 298.15 K) = -(251.6 +/- 2.8) kJ . mol(-1) and Delta H-f(m)o (g, 298.15 K) = -(203.3 +/- 2.8) kJ . mol(-1), respectively. The latter value was confirmed by high-level quantum chemical calculations. Molecular association in the gas phase and its effect on thermodynamic properties of the compound were discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zaitsau, Dzmitry] Univ Rostock, Dept Phys Chem, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. [Zaitsau, Dzmitry; Varfolomeev, Mikhail A.] Kazan Fed Univ, Dept Phys Chem, Kazan 420008, Russia. [Paulechka, Eugene; Blokhin, Andrey V.; Kabo, Gennady J.; Kabo, Andrey G.; Sevruk, Viktor M.] Belarusian State Univ, Fac Chem, Minsk 220030, Byelarus. [Paulechka, Eugene; Bazyleva, Ala] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Firaha, Dzmitry S.] Univ Bonn, Mulliken Ctr Theoret Chem, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. RP Zaitsau, D (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Dept Phys Chem, Dr Lorenz Weg 1, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. EM Zaitsaudz@gmail.com RI Varfolomeev, Mikhail/N-1824-2014; Zaitsau, Dzmitry/E-5874-2016 FU Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University FX Dr Zaitsau is grateful to the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University for financial support of this work. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 EI 1096-3626 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 91 BP 459 EP 473 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2015.07.028 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA CR6QO UT WOS:000361472600055 ER PT J AU Folmer, MJ DeMaria, M Ferraro, R Beven, J Brennan, M Daniels, J Kuligowski, R Meng, H Rudlosky, S Zhao, LM Knaff, J Kusselson, S Miller, SD Schmit, TJ Velden, C Zavodsky, B AF Folmer, Michael J. DeMaria, Mark Ferraro, Ralph Beven, John Brennan, Michael Daniels, Jaime Kuligowski, Robert Meng, Huan Rudlosky, Scott Zhao, Limin Knaff, John Kusselson, Sheldon Miller, Steven D. Schmit, Timothy J. Velden, Chris Zavodsky, Brad TI Satellite tools to monitor and predict Hurricane Sandy (2012): Current and emerging products SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Passive microwave; Hurricane; GOES-R; JPSS; Sandy ID TROPICAL-CYCLONE INTENSITY; MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; SIZE ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS; POTENTIAL TRAP TECHNIQUE; SURFACE WIND ANALYSIS; KINETIC-ENERGY; PART II; GOES-R; FORECASTS; IMPACT AB Hurricane Sandy - a tropical cyclone that transitioned into an extratropical cyclone near the time of landfall along the east coast of the United States - caused historic damage in many regions which rarely receive such a direct hit from a storm of this magnitude, including many of the large metropolitan areas along the U.S. eastern seaboard. Specifically, Sandy generated record low-pressure, a large wind field with corresponding storm surge and copious amounts of precipitation in some areas, including record snowfall in mountainous regions. Sandy presented several forecast challenges to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS). Satellites played an integral role in the analysis and forecast of Sandy's track and intensity. The NOAA National Hurricane Center, Ocean Prediction Center, and Weather Prediction Center all relied on information from satellites to make critical warning decisions using various satellite products that assist with diagnosing tropical cyclone intensity, surface winds over the ocean, and heavy precipitation. All of the skillful global forecast models used satellite data for initiation to better forecast the track and intensity of Sandy. As part of the Geostationaty Operational Environmental Satellite R-series (GOES-R) and Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Proving Ground activities, new satellite products were available to forecasters at these national centers in experimental form to assist with observing this unique, high impact event. This paper will demonstrate how the current satellite products assisted NOAA forecasters during Sandy and introduce some new satellite products that could be used to analyze and predict future high impact weather systems. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Folmer, Michael J.] Univ Maryland ESSIC CICS, College Pk, MD USA. [DeMaria, Mark; Beven, John; Brennan, Michael] NOAA NWS NCEP NHC, Miami, FL USA. [Ferraro, Ralph; Daniels, Jaime; Kuligowski, Robert; Meng, Huan; Rudlosky, Scott] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Zhao, Limin; Kusselson, Sheldon] NOAA NESDIS OSPO, College Pk, MD USA. [Knaff, John] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Miller, Steven D.] Colorado State Univ CIRA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Madison, WI USA. [Velden, Chris] Univ Wisconsin Madison CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. [Zavodsky, Brad] NASA SPoRT, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Folmer, MJ (reprint author), NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court,Rm 4000, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Michael.Folmer@noaa.gov; Mark.DeMaria@noaa.gov; Ralph.R.Ferraro@noaa.gov RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Rudlosky, Scott/H-4309-2011; Daniels, Jaime/E-7933-2011; Meng, Huan/F-5613-2010; Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Daniels, Jaime/0000-0002-9438-6631; Meng, Huan/0000-0001-6449-890X; Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252; Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 166 BP 165 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.06.005 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ7IJ UT WOS:000360775900017 ER PT J AU Gu, JE Lee, JS Park, SH Kim, IT Chan, EP Kwon, YN Lee, JH AF Gu, Joung-Eun Lee, Jong Suk Park, Sang-Hee Kim, Il Tae Chan, Edwin P. Kwon, Young-Nam Lee, Jung-Hyun TI Tailoring interlayer structure of molecular layer-by-layer assembled polyamide membranes for high separation performance SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Molecular layer-by-layer assembly; Polyamide; Thin film composite membranes; Multilayered coatings; Reverse osmosis desalination; Water purification ID THIN-FILM COMPOSITE; REVERSE-OSMOSIS MEMBRANES; INTERFACIAL POLYMERIZATION; NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES; ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE; POLYACRYLONITRILE PAN; WATER DESALINATION; TRIMESOYL CHLORIDE; MICROSCOPY; LINKING AB A molecular layer-by-layer (mLbL) technique was recently developed to fabricate polyamide (PA) thin film composite (TFC) membranes for water purification. In this study, the interlayer structure between the selective and support layers of the mLbL-assembled TFC membrane was tailored to achieve high performance applicable to seawater desalination. Introducing interlayers on porous supports prior to mLbL deposition allowed the effective PA growth by preventing monomer deposition within the support pores. The PA layers were grown via mLbL on supports coated by a series of interlayers: poly(piperazineamide), cross-linked poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) and a polyelectrolyte bilayer of PEI and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (PEI/PAA). The density and distribution of surface carboxyl groups of the interlayer were found to be key parameters that determine the structure and performance of the mLbL-assembled membranes. Among the interlayers examined, the PEI/PAA interlayer not only yielded membranes with superior performance but also with a highly smooth surface beneficial for antifouling. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gu, Joung-Eun; Lee, Jong Suk] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Environm Hlth & Welf Res, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Gu, Joung-Eun; Kwon, Young-Nam] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Urban & Environm Engn, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. [Park, Sang-Hee; Lee, Jung-Hyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Kim, Il Tae] Gachon Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Sujeong Gu 461701, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Chan, Edwin P.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 5-1 Anam Dong, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM kwonyn@unist.ac.kr; leejhyyy@korea.ac.kr RI Lee, Jung-Hyun/H-1096-2011 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [NRF-2014R1A1A1003197]; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) institutional program [KK 1502-C00] FX This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2014R1A1A1003197) and the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) institutional program (Project # KK 1502-C00). Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 13 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 EI 1873-5584 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV 30 PY 2015 VL 356 BP 659 EP 667 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.08.119 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA CW9XN UT WOS:000365351600085 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, PS Zaitchik, BF AF Bhattacharjee, Partha S. Zaitchik, Benjamin F. TI Perspectives on CMIP5 model performance in the Nile River headwaters regions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CMIP5; GCM; climate change; Nile River; water resources ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; INDIAN-OCEAN; RAINFALL ANOMALIES; WATER-RESOURCES; SUMMER MONSOON; RAINY SEASONS; EAST-AFRICA; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS AB Ranking the performance of global climate models (GCMs) is a notoriously difficult exercise. Multi-model comparison studies nearly always show that each model has strengths and weaknesses relative to others, and for many purposes the multi-model ensemble mean delivers better estimates than any individual model. Nevertheless, in regions like East Africa, where there is little consensus between models on the magnitude or sign of 21st century precipitation change, the multi-model ensemble mean approach to climate projection provides little value for adaptation planning. Here, we consider several possible frameworks for model evaluation and ranking, and assess the differences in performance of a subset of models participating in the 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) according to each framework. Our test case is precipitation in the Nile River headwaters regions. We find that there is little consistency in the relative performance of models across frameworks based on amount and seasonality of precipitation, interannual precipitation variability, precipitation teleconnections, and continental scale climate patterns. These analyses offer some guidance on which GCMs are most likely to provide meaningful results for specific applications, but they caution that any effort to select 'best performing' GCMs for the Nile River basin must carefully consider the purposes for which GCMs are being selected. C1 [Bhattacharjee, Partha S.] IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Bhattacharjee, Partha S.; Zaitchik, Benjamin F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Zaitchik, BF (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 301 Olin Hall,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM zaitchik@jhu.edu RI Bhattacharjee, Partha/B-1620-2009 OI Bhattacharjee, Partha/0000-0003-1117-0649 FU NASA Applied Sciences Program project [NNX09AT61G] FX This research was supported in part by NASA Applied Sciences Program project NNX09AT61G. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD NOV 30 PY 2015 VL 35 IS 14 BP 4262 EP 4275 DI 10.1002/joc.4284 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX2HV UT WOS:000365518600018 ER PT J AU Yang, S Wang, MY Chen, LJ Yin, BJ Song, GQ Turko, IV Phinney, KW Betenbaugh, MJ Zhang, H Li, SW AF Yang, Shuang Wang, Meiyao Chen, Lijun Yin, Bojiao Song, Guoqiang Turko, Illarion V. Phinney, Karen W. Betenbaugh, Michael J. Zhang, Hui Li, Shuwei TI QUANTITY: An Isobaric Tag for Quantitative Glycomics SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GLYCAN ANALYSIS; GLYCOPROTEIN IMMOBILIZATION; REACTIVE TAGS; CELLS; QUANTIFICATION; ERYTHROPOIETIN; ACID; MS AB Glycan is an important class of macromolecules that play numerous biological functions. Quantitative glycomics - analysis of glycans at global level - however, is far behind genomics and proteomics owing to technical challenges associated with their chemical properties and structural complexity. As a result, technologies that can facilitate global glycan analysis are highly sought after. Here, we present QUANTITY (Quaternary Amine Containing Isobaric Tag for Glycan), a quantitative approach that can not only enhance detection of glycans by mass spectrometry, but also allow high-throughput glycomic analysis from multiple biological samples. This robust tool enabled us to accomplish glycomic survey of bioengineered Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells with knock-in/out enzymes involved in protein glycosylation. Our results demonstrated QUANTITY is an invaluable technique for glycan analysis and bioengineering. C1 [Yang, Shuang; Chen, Lijun; Zhang, Hui] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Wang, Meiyao; Turko, Illarion V.; Li, Shuwei] Univ Maryland, Coll Pk, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Yin, Bojiao; Betenbaugh, Michael J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Baltimore, MD USA. [Song, Guoqiang] Changzhou Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Engn & Life Sci, Changzhou, Peoples R China. [Turko, Illarion V.; Phinney, Karen W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Meiyao] MedImmune LLC, Analyt Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM hzhang32@jhmi.edu; sli@umd.edu FU National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute; Johns Hopkins Proteomics Center [N01-HV-00240]; Programs of Excellence in Glycosicences (PEG) [P01HL107153]; National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) [U01CA152813]; Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) [U24CA160036] FX We are grateful to Dr. Jian-ying Zhou for help on mass spectrometry, Ms. Shadi Toghi Eshghi for help on data output using MATLab, and Mr. Cheng-yu Chung for providing ST3Gal4 knockout CHO cell lines. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Johns Hopkins Proteomics Center (N01-HV-00240) and Programs of Excellence in Glycosicences (PEG, P01HL107153), and National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN, U01CA152813), the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC, U24CA160036). NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 30 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 17585 DI 10.1038/srep17585 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX0XJ UT WOS:000365420500001 PM 26616285 ER PT J AU John, JG Stock, CA Dunne, JP AF John, Jasmin G. Stock, Charles A. Dunne, John P. TI A more productive, but different, ocean after mitigation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PART I; MODELS; FORMULATION; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; FISHERIES; CMIP5 AB Reversibility studies suggest a lagged recovery of global mean sea surface temperatures after mitigation, raising the question of whether a similar lag is likely for marine net primary production (NPP). Here we assess NPP reversibility with a mitigation scenario in which projected Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 forcings are applied out to 2100 and then reversed over the course of the following century in a fully coupled carbon-climate Earth System Model. In contrast to the temperature lag, we find a rapid increase in global mean NPP, including an overshoot to values above contemporary means. The enhanced NPP arises from a transient imbalance between the cooling surface ocean and continued warming in subsurface waters, which weakens upper ocean density gradients, resulting in deeper mixing and enhanced surface nitrate. We also find a marine ecosystem regime shift as persistent silicate depletion results in increased prevalence of large, non-diatom phytoplankton. C1 [John, Jasmin G.; Stock, Charles A.; Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP John, JG (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM jasmin.john@noaa.gov OI Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 22 BP 9836 EP 9845 DI 10.1002/2015GL066160 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2MO UT WOS:000368343200030 ER PT J AU Moftakhari, HR AghaKouchak, A Sanders, BF Feldman, DL Sweet, W Matthew, RA Luke, A AF Moftakhari, Hamed R. AghaKouchak, Amir Sanders, Brett F. Feldman, David L. Sweet, William Matthew, Richard A. Luke, Adam TI Increased nuisance flooding along the coasts of the United States due to sea level rise: Past and future SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACTS; PROJECTIONS; OCEAN; WATER AB Mean sea level has risen tenfold in recent decades compared to the most recent millennia, posing a serious threat for population and assets in flood-prone coastal zones over the next century. An increase in the frequency of nuisance (minor) flooding has also been reported due to the reduced gap between high tidal datums and flood stage, and the rate of sea level rise (SLR) is expected to increase based on current trajectories of anthropogenic activities and greenhouse gases emissions. Nuisance flooding (NF), however nondestructive, causes public inconvenience, business interruption, and substantial economic losses due to impacts such as road closures and degradation of infrastructure. It also portends an increased risk in severe floods. Here we report substantial increases in NF along the coasts of United States due to SLR over the past decades. We then take projected near-term (2030) and midterm (2050) SLR under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs), 2.6 and 8.5, to estimate the increase in NF. The results suggest that on average, - 80 +/- 10% local SLR causes the median of the NF distribution to increase by 55 +/- 35% in 2050 under RCP8.5. The projected increase in NF will have significant socio-economic impacts and pose public health risks in coastal regions. C1 [Moftakhari, Hamed R.; AghaKouchak, Amir; Sanders, Brett F.; Luke, Adam] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Sanders, Brett F.; Feldman, David L.; Matthew, Richard A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Planning Policy & Design, Irvine, CA USA. [Sweet, William] NOAA, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Matthew, Richard A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Blum Ctr Poverty Alleviat, Irvine, CA USA. RP AghaKouchak, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM amir.a@uci.edu RI Sanders, Brett/K-7153-2012 FU National Science Foundation [DMS 1331611] FX This study is supported by the National Science Foundation Award No. DMS 1331611. We acknowledge the constructive comments and suggestions which led to substantial improvements in the revised version of the manuscript. Hourly water level data used in this study are available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/). The local sea level projections are provided by Kopp et al. [2014]. The authors will provide nuisance flooding data to interested readers upon request. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 22 BP 9846 EP 9852 DI 10.1002/2015GL066072 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2MO UT WOS:000368343200031 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Franks, A Zhang, R AF Sanchez-Franks, A. Zhang, R. TI Impact of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on the decadal variability of the Gulf Stream path and regional chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; OCEAN; OSCILLATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; RECIRCULATION; FORMULATION; WORLD AB In this study, we show that the underlying physical driver for the decadal variability in the Gulf Stream (GS) path and the regional biogeochemical cycling is linked to the low frequency variability in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). There is a significant anticorrelation between AMOC variations and the meridional shifts of the GS path at decadal time scale in both observations and two Earth system models (ESMs). The chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations in the GS region are found significantly correlated with the AMOC fingerprint and anticorrelated with the GS path at decadal time scale through coherent isopycnal changes in the GS front in the ESMs. Our results illustrate how changes in the large-scale ocean circulation, such as AMOC, are teleconnected with regional decadal physical and biogeochemical variations near the North American east coast. Such linkages are useful for predicting future physical and biogeochemical variations in this region. C1 [Sanchez-Franks, A.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Zhang, R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Sanchez-Franks, A (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. EM alsf@noc.ac.uk RI Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra/0000-0002-4831-5461 FU NOAA Mentoring Physical Oceanography Women to Increase Retention Internship FX A. Sanchez-Franks was supported by the NOAA Mentoring Physical Oceanography Women to Increase Retention Internship to work on this project at GFDL during the summer of 2014. Contact A. Sanchez-Franks (alsf@noc.ac.uk) or Rong Zhang (rong.zhang@noaa.gov) for data and code requests. We thank John Dunne and Vincent Saba for comments on the manuscript. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 22 BP 9889 EP 9897 DI 10.1002/2015GL066262 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2MO UT WOS:000368343200036 ER PT J AU Fenoglio-Marc, L Scharroo, R Annunziato, A Mendoza, L Becker, M Lillibridge, J AF Fenoglio-Marc, L. Scharroo, R. Annunziato, A. Mendoza, L. Becker, M. Lillibridge, J. TI Cyclone Xaver seen by geodetic observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-SEA; STORM SURGES; OCEAN; TIDE; MODELS; GPS AB Cyclone Xaver pounded the North Sea on 5-6 December 2013 and reached its maximum in the German Bight the second day. Combined geodetic measurements from the SARAL/AltiKa satellite and from a local geodetic network detect cross-shelf and alongshore variations and loading vertical deformation. The cross-shelf root-mean-square differences between observations and predictions are 30 cm for surge height, 2m for significant wave height, and 4 m/s for wind speed, with significant biases. The different wind forcing mainly causes the predicted height differences. The smallest standard deviation difference between observed and predicted vertical displacements is from HyFlux2 forced by DWD wind, with a 52% reduction in the standard deviation by subtracting prediction from observations. The GPS network monitors the anticlockwise surge path with maximum land subsidence of 3-5 cm. The tide gauge network monitors both the anticlockwise path of the external wave and the surge associated with strong northwesterly winds. C1 [Fenoglio-Marc, L.; Mendoza, L.; Becker, M.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, Phys & Satellite Geodesy, Inst Geodesy, Darmstadt, Germany. [Scharroo, R.] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. [Annunziato, A.] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. [Lillibridge, J.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD USA. RP Fenoglio-Marc, L (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, Phys & Satellite Geodesy, Inst Geodesy, Darmstadt, Germany. EM fenoglio@psg.tu-darmstadt.de RI Lillibridge, John/F-5606-2010 OI Lillibridge, John/0000-0001-9102-171X FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through project 'Coastal Sea Level' (COSELE); ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) FX The authors acknowledge, for in situ and model data, the Bundesanstalt fur Gewasserkunde (BfG), the German Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG), the Bundesumweltministerium (BMU), Project Management Julich (PTJ), the WSV, BSH, DWD, and ECMWF. The free available software programs SPOTL and T-tide were used. We thank Sonke Dangendorf and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions which improved the manuscript. Support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through project 'Coastal Sea Level' (COSELE) and of the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) is kindly acknowledged. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 22 BP 9925 EP 9932 DI 10.1002/2015GL065989 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2MO UT WOS:000368343200040 ER PT J AU Capotondi, A Sardeshmukh, PD AF Capotondi, Antonietta Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. TI Optimal precursors of different types of ENSO events SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC DECADAL VARIABILITY; WESTERLY WIND BURSTS; 1997-98 EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE; MERIDIONAL MODE; OPTIMAL-GROWTH; NORTH PACIFIC; ANOMALIES AB Not all El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are the same. Their global impacts can differ substantially depending on whether the associated sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are stronger in the central Pacific (CP) or the eastern Pacific (EP). The predictability of such differences is therefore of interest. In this study, the optimal two-season precursors of different ENSO types are investigated in a linear inverse modeling framework using observational SST and thermocline depth data for 1958-2007. It is shown that different SST precursor types alone do not favor the generation of different ENSO types. However, initial subsurface conditions characterized by a deeper thermocline in the eastern Pacific and a shallower thermocline in the central Pacific favor the generation of EP-type events, while a shallower thermocline in the east and a deeper thermocline in the central/western Pacific are conducive to CP-type events. The predictability of different ENSO types thus depends importantly on initial subsurface conditions. C1 [Capotondi, Antonietta; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Capotondi, Antonietta; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] NOAA, Phys Sci Div, Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Capotondi, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Antonietta.Capotondi@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Climate Program Office (CPO); DOE's Office of Science (BER); NASA Physical Oceanography Program FX Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) data were obtained online from the SODA/TAMU research group at http://soda/tamu/edu. This study was partly supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office (CPO), DOE's Office of Science (BER), and NASA Physical Oceanography Program. The Authors thank Bruce Anderson and an anonymous reviewer for their careful reading of the manuscript and excellent constructive suggestions. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 22 BP 9952 EP 9960 DI 10.1002/2015GL066171 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2MO UT WOS:000368343200043 ER PT J AU Zhu, P Zhu, ZD Gopalakrishnan, S Black, R Marks, FD Tallapragada, V Zhang, JA Zhang, XJ Gao, C AF Zhu, Ping Zhu, Zhenduo Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman Black, Robert Marks, Frank D. Tallapragada, Vijay Zhang, Jun A. Zhang, Xuejin Gao, Cen TI Impact of subgrid-scale processes on eyewall replacement cycle of tropical cyclones in HWRF system SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY EYEWALL; PART I; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; WIND-FIELD; MODEL; INTENSITY; RAINBANDS; PARAMETERIZATION AB Two idealized simulations by the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast (HWRF) model are presented to examine the impact of model physics on the simulated eyewall replacement cycle (ERC). While no ERC is produced in the control simulation that uses the operational HWRF physics, the sensitivity experiment with different model physics generates an ERC that possesses key features of observed ERCs in real tropical cyclones. Likely reasons for the control simulation not producing ERC include lack of outer rainband convection at the far radii from the eyewall, excessive ice hydrometeors in the eyewall, and enhanced moat shallow convection, which all tend to prevent the formation of a persistent moat between the eyewall and outer rainband. Less evaporative cooling from precipitation in the outer rainband region in the control simulation produces a more stable and dryer environment that inhibits the development of systematic convection at the far radii from the eyewall. C1 [Zhu, Ping; Zhu, Zhenduo; Gao, Cen] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman; Black, Robert; Marks, Frank D.; Zhang, Jun A.; Zhang, Xuejin] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Tallapragada, Vijay] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Zhang, Jun A.; Zhang, Xuejin] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Key Biscayne, FL USA. RP Zhu, P (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM zhup@fiu.edu RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /I-5773-2013; Black, Robert/C-9617-2009; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Zhang, Xuejin/B-3085-2014 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /0000-0003-1384-7860; Black, Robert/0000-0001-6938-125X; Zhang, Xuejin/0000-0003-2630-534X FU NOAA/HFIP [NA14NWS4680030]; National Science Foundation [AGS-0847332] FX This work is supported by NOAA/HFIP under grant NA14NWS4680030 and National Science Foundation under grant AGS-0847332. The authors are very grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Their helpful suggestions lead to the improvements of this paper. All data used in this study can be accessed at http://vortex.ihrc.fiu.edu/download/HWRF-ERC-IDEAL/. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 22 BP 10027 EP 10036 DI 10.1002/2015GL066436 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2MO UT WOS:000368343200052 ER PT J AU Vargas-Lara, F Hassan, AM Garboczi, EJ Douglas, JF AF Vargas-Lara, Fernando Hassan, Ahmed M. Garboczi, Edward J. Douglas, Jack F. TI Intrinsic conductivity of carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets having a realistic geometry SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; EFFECTIVE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ISOPERIMETRIC-INEQUALITIES; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; POLYMER COMPOSITES; ARBITRARY SHAPE AB The addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene sheets (GSs) into polymeric materials can greatly enhance the conductivity and alter the electromagnetic response of the resulting nanocomposite material. The extent of these property modifications strongly depends on the structural parameters describing the CNTs and GSs, such as their shape and size, as well as their degree of particle dispersion within the polymeric matrix. To model these property modifications in the dilute particle regime, we determine the leading transport virial coefficients describing the conductivity of CNT and GS composites using a combination of molecular dynamics, path-integral, and finite-element calculations. This approach allows for the treatment of the general situation in which the ratio between the conductivity of the nanoparticles and the polymer matrix is arbitrary so that insulating, semi-conductive, and conductive particles can be treated within a unified framework. We first generate ensembles of CNTs and GSs in the form of self-avoiding worm-like cylinders and perfectly flat and random sheet polymeric structures by using molecular dynamics simulation to model the geometrical shapes of these complex-shaped carbonaceous nanoparticles. We then use path-integral and finite element methods to calculate the electric and magnetic polarizability tensors (alpha(E), alpha(M)) of the CNT and GS nanoparticles. These properties determine the conductivity virial coefficient [sigma] in the conductive and insulating particle limits, which are required to estimate [sigma] in the general case in which the conductivity contrast Delta between the nanoparticle and the polymer matrix is arbitrary. Finally, we propose approximate relationships for alpha(E) and alpha(M) that should be useful in materials design and characterization applications. C1 [Vargas-Lara, Fernando; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hassan, Ahmed M.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garboczi, Edward J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vargas-Lara, F (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fernando.vargaslara@nist.gov; hassanam@umkc.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov OI Hassan, Ahmed/0000-0001-8842-1798 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 102 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2015 VL 143 IS 20 AR 204902 DI 10.1063/1.4935970 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CY3OS UT WOS:000366319700029 PM 26627970 ER PT J AU Clark, SK Ward, DS Mahowald, NM AF Clark, Spencer K. Ward, Daniel S. Mahowald, Natalie M. TI The sensitivity of global climate to the episodicity of fire aerosol emissions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; UNITED-STATES; EARTH SYSTEM; TRANSPORT; IMPACT; SMOKE; CIRCULATION; FOREST AB Here we explore the sensitivity of the global radiative forcing and climate response to the episodicity of fire emissions. We compare the standard approach used in present day and future climate modeling studies, in which emissions are not episodic but smoothly interpolated between monthly mean values and that contrast to the response when fires are represented using a range of approximations of episodicity. The range includes cases with episodicity levels matching observed fire day and fire event counts, as well as cases with extreme episodicity. We compare the different emissions schemes in a set of Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) simulations forced with reanalysis meteorology and a set of simulations with online dynamics designed to calculate aerosol indirect effect radiative forcings. We find that using climatologically observed fire frequency improves model estimates of cloud properties over the standard scheme, particularly in boreal regions, when both are compared to a simulation with meteorologically synchronized emissions. Using these emissions schemes leads to a range in global indirect effect radiative forcing of fire aerosols between -1.1 and -1.3 Wm(-2). In cases with extreme episodicity, we see increased transport of aerosols vertically, leading to longer lifetimes and less negative indirect effect radiative forcings. In general, the range in climate impacts that results from the different realistic fire emissions schemes is smaller than the uncertainty in climate impacts due to other aspects of modeling fire emissions. C1 [Clark, Spencer K.; Ward, Daniel S.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mahowald, Natalie M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Clark, SK (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM skclark@princeton.edu OI Clark, Spencer/0000-0001-5595-7895 FU [NSF-EaSM-1049033] FX The simulations presented here were conducted at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, supported by the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge the support of NSF-EaSM-1049033. GFED emissions data were downloaded from the GFED website (http://www.globalfiredata.org). NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 22 DI 10.1002/2015JD024068 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DA5EJ UT WOS:000367825200013 ER PT J AU Fortems-Cheiney, A Saunois, M Pison, I Chevallier, F Bousquet, P Cressot, C Montzka, SA Fraser, PJ Vollmer, MK Simmonds, PG Young, D O'Doherty, S Weiss, RF Artuso, F Barletta, B Blake, DR Li, S Lunder, C Miller, BR Park, S Prinn, R Saito, T Steele, LP Yokouchi, Y AF Fortems-Cheiney, A. Saunois, M. Pison, I. Chevallier, F. Bousquet, P. Cressot, C. Montzka, S. A. Fraser, P. J. Vollmer, M. K. Simmonds, P. G. Young, D. O'Doherty, S. Weiss, R. F. Artuso, F. Barletta, B. Blake, D. R. Li, S. Lunder, C. Miller, B. R. Park, S. Prinn, R. Saito, T. Steele, L. P. Yokouchi, Y. TI Increase in HFC-134a emissions in response to the success of the Montreal Protocol SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HALOGENATED GREENHOUSE GASES; HALOCARBON EMISSIONS; METHYL CHLOROFORM; GLOBAL EMISSIONS; 2 DECADES; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION; HCFC-22 AB The 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), an important alternative to CFC-12 in accordance with the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, is a high global warming potential greenhouse gas. Here we evaluate variations in global and regional HFC-134a emissions and emission trends, from 1995 to 2010, at a relatively high spatial and temporal (3.75 degrees in longitude x 2.5 degrees in latitude and 8 day) resolution, using surface HFC-134a measurements. Our results show a progressive increase of global HFC-134a emissions from 19 +/- 2 Gg/yr in 1995 to 167 +/- 5 Gg/yr in 2010, with both a slowdown in developed countries and a 20%/yr increase in China since 2005. A seasonal cycle is also seen since 2002, which becomes enhanced over time, with larger values during the boreal summer. C1 [Fortems-Cheiney, A.; Saunois, M.; Pison, I.; Chevallier, F.; Bousquet, P.; Cressot, C.] CEA, Lab Sci Climat & Environnem, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, CNRS,UVSQ, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Fortems-Cheiney, A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Creteil, France. [Montzka, S. A.; Miller, B. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Fraser, P. J.; Steele, L. P.] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Vollmer, M. K.] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Simmonds, P. G.; Young, D.; O'Doherty, S.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Artuso, F.] Italian Natl Agcy New Technol Energy & Sustainabl, Rome, Italy. [Barletta, B.; Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Li, S.; Park, S.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Kyungpook Inst Oceanog, Coll Nat Sci, Daegu, South Korea. [Lunder, C.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Park, S.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Ecol & Environm Sci, Dept Oceanog, Sangju, South Korea. [Prinn, R.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Saito, T.; Yokouchi, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Fortems-Cheiney, A (reprint author), Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, INSU,UMR7583, Creteil, France. EM audrey.fortems@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2012-3010] FX We acknowledge the NOAA ESRL, Global Monitoring Division (GMD), Halocarbons and other Atmospheric Trace Species (HATS), the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE), the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), and the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) groups for providing HFC-134a measurements, available from the World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases (http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/wdcgg/, accessed 15 November 2012), except for the Gosan data. We also thank J.W. Elkins (NOAA), C. Siso (NOAA/CIRES), B. Hall (NOAA), H. Mukai (NIES), A. Disarra (ENEA), S. Piacentino (ENEA), and S. Chiavarini (ENEA). HFC-134a measurements at Gosan are supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under grant CATER 2012-3010 and were provided by S. Li (sun28@snu.ac.kr). We thank S. Barrault (Armines-ParisTech) for the fruitful discussions about the HFC-134a inventories. Finally, we wish to thank F. Marabelle and his team for computer support at LSCE. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 22 DI 10.1002/2015JD023741 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DA5EJ UT WOS:000367825200021 ER PT J AU Wang, L Han, JK Zhu, YQ Zhou, RP Jaye, C Liu, HQ Li, ZQ Taylor, GT Fischer, DA Appenzeller, J Wong, SS AF Wang, Lei Han, Jinkyu Zhu, Yuqi Zhou, Ruiping Jaye, Cherno Liu, Haiqing Li, Zhuo-Qun Taylor, Gordon T. Fischer, Daniel A. Appenzeller, Joerg Wong, Stanislaus S. TI Probing the Dependence of Electron Transfer on Size and Coverage in Carbon Nanotube-Quantum Dot Heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; PHOTOINDUCED CHARGE-TRANSFER; CDSE QUANTUM; SOLAR-CELLS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; HYBRID AB As a model system for understanding charge transfer in novel architectural designs for solar cells, double-walled carbon nanotube (DWNT)-CdSe quantum dot (QD) (QDs with average diameters of 2.3, 3.0, and 4.1 nm) heterostructures have been fabricated. The individual nanoscale building blocks were successfully attached and combined using a hole-trapping thiol linker molecule, i.e., 4-mercaptophenol (MTH), through a facile, noncovalent pi-pi stacking attachment strategy. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the attachment of QDs onto the external surfaces of the DWNTs. We herein demonstrate a meaningful and unique combination of near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and Raman spectroscopies bolstered by complementary electrical transport measurements in order to elucidate the synergistic interactions between CdSe QDs and DWNTs, which are facilitated by the bridging MTH molecules that can scavenge photoinduced holes and potentially mediate electron redistribution between the conduction bands in CdSe QDs and the C 2p-derived states of the DWNTs. Specifically, we correlated evidence of charge transfer as manifested by (i) changes in the NEXAFS intensities of pi* resonance in the C K-edge and Cd M-3-edge spectra, (ii) a perceptible outer tube G-band downshift in frequency in Raman spectra, as well as (iii) alterations in the threshold characteristics present in transport data as a function of CdSe QD deposition onto the DWNT surface. In particular, the separate effects of (i) varying QD sizes and (ii) QD coverage densities on the electron transfer were independently studied. C1 [Wang, Lei; Liu, Haiqing; Wong, Stanislaus S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Han, Jinkyu; Wong, Stanislaus S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Zhu, Yuqi; Zhou, Ruiping; Appenzeller, Joerg] Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zhu, Yuqi; Zhou, Ruiping; Appenzeller, Joerg] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. [Li, Zhuo-Qun; Taylor, Gordon T.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM stanislaus.wong@stonybrook.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-98CH10886, DE-SC-00112704]; NSF MRI [OCE-1336724] FX Research (including support for L.W.J.H, Y.Z., R.Z, J.A., and S.S.W.) was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. NEXAFS experiments were carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contracts DE-ACO2-98CH10886 and DE-SC-00112704. Raman data were acquired at Stony Brook University's Nano-Raman Molecular Imaging Laboratory (NARMIL), established with NSF MRI Grant OCE-1336724. Certain commercial names used in this manuscript are for illustration purposes and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 26 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 47 BP 26327 EP 26338 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08681 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CX9DY UT WOS:000366006400011 ER PT J AU Wedding, L Yoklavich, MM AF Wedding, Lisa Yoklavich, Mary M. TI Habitat-based predictive mapping of rockfish density and biomass off the central California coast SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Visual surveys; Rockfishes; Generalized additive model; Central California ID DEMERSAL FISH ASSEMBLAGES; DEEP-WATER; VISUAL SURVEYS; CORDELL BANK; ASSOCIATIONS; BATHYMETRY; MODELS; USA AB Understanding the association between components of habitat and fish distribution and abundance is important in order to achieve accurate stock assessments. We developed generalized additive models (GAM) and spatially predictive maps of rockfish abundance at the individual species level using habitat descriptors collected from visual surveys and fine-scale bathymetry. We advanced beyond presence/absence and presence only models to create predictive maps of fish density (100 m(-2)) and biomass (kg 100 m(-2)) for Sebastes rosaceus (rosy rockfish) and S. constellatus (starry rockfish), both common species in commercial and recreational fisheries along the central coast of California. Selected models included co-variables of seafloor depth, complexity, substratum type, and heterogeneity. Predicted density and biomass of both species were highest in areas of complex rock on the continental shelf off Points Lobos and Sur at 50-90 (S. rosaceus) and 80-120 m (S. constellatus) water depth. Our results will be useful both in stock assessments of these data-poor species as well as in allocation of fishing effort, catches, and other space-based management decisions. C1 [Wedding, Lisa; Yoklavich, Mary M.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Wedding, Lisa] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Wedding, L (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM lwedding@stanford.edu FU NOAA NMFS Habitat Assessment Improvement Plan Program; California State Mapping Program; California Ocean Protection Council FX We thank R. Starr, T. Laidig, M. Love, M. Nishimoto, L. Snook and others for help with field data collection. We are especially grateful to T. Laidig for post-cruise video analysis and to D. Watters for database management. We thank D. Huff for his expertise and help with data analyses. J. Blakley assisted with derived seafloor indices. The in situ visual survey data were collected as part of a grant from the California Ocean Protection Council to R. Starr and M.M.Y., and the analytical work was supported by a grant from NOAA NMFS Habitat Assessment Improvement Plan Program to M.M.Y. Acoustic data used in this study were acquired, processed, archived, and distributed by the Seafloor Mapping Lab of California State University Monterey Bay, supported in part by California State Mapping Program. We appreciate the very thoughtful and useful comments and suggestions from E. J. Dick, D. Huff, S. Sogard, and 3 anonymous reviewers. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD NOV 26 PY 2015 VL 540 BP 235 EP 250 DI 10.3354/meps11442 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CX4VR UT WOS:000365698900020 ER PT J AU Li, F Grishaev, A Ying, JF Bax, A AF Li, Fang Grishaev, Alexander Ying, Jinfa Bax, Ad TI Side Chain Conformational Distributions of a Small Protein Derived from Model-Free Analysis of a Large Set of Residual Dipolar Couplings SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE MEDIUM; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE RELAXATION; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BINDING DOMAIN; METHYL-GROUPS; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; CONSERVATIVE MUTAGENESIS; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE AB Accurate quantitative measurement of structural dispersion in proteins remains a prime challenge to both X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Here we use a model-free approach based on measurement of many residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) in differentially orienting aqueous liquid crystalline solutions to obtain the side chain chi 1 distribution sampled by each residue in solution. Applied to the small well-ordered model protein GB3, our approach reveals that the RDC data are compatible with a single narrow distribution of side chain chi 1 angles for only about 40% of the residues. For more than half of the residues, populations greater than 10% for a second rotamer are observed, and four residues require sampling of three rotameric states to fit the RDC data. In virtually all cases, sampled chi 1 values are found to center closely around ideal g , g(+) and t rotameric angles, even though no rotamer restraint is used when deriving the sampled angles. The root-mean-square difference between experimental (3)J(H alpha H beta) couplings and those predicted by the Haasnoot-parametrized, motion-adjusted Karplus equation reduces from 2.05 to 0.75 Hz when using the new rotamer analysis instead of the 1.1-a X-ray structure as input for the dihedral angles. A comparison between observed and predicted (3)J(H alpha H beta) values suggests that the root-mean-square amplitude of chi 1 angle fluctuations within a given rotamer well is ca. 20. The quantitatively defined side chain rotamer equilibria obtained from our study set new benchmarks for evaluating improved molecular dynamics force fields, and also will enable further development of quantitative relations between side chain chemical shift and structure. C1 [Li, Fang; Ying, Jinfa; Bax, Ad] NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Grishaev, Alexander] NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Bax, A (reprint author), NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM bax@nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Intramural Antiviral Target Program of Office of Director, NIH; China Scholarship Council FX We thank Dr. Yang Shen for assistance in data analysis and Dennis Torchia for useful discussions. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and by the Intramural Antiviral Target Program of the Office of the Director, NIH. F. Li acknowledges financial support from the China Scholarship Council. NR 91 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 25 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 46 BP 14798 EP 14811 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b10072 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CX9DH UT WOS:000366004700033 PM 26523828 ER PT J AU Abecassis, M Polovina, J Baird, RW Copeland, A Drazen, JC Domokos, R Oleson, E Jia, YL Schorr, GS Webster, DL Andrews, RD AF Abecassis, Melanie Polovina, Jeffrey Baird, Robin W. Copeland, Adrienne Drazen, Jeffrey C. Domokos, Reka Oleson, Erin Jia, Yanli Schorr, Gregory S. Webster, Daniel L. Andrews, Russel D. TI Characterizing a Foraging Hotspot for Short-Finned Pilot Whales and Blainville's Beaked Whales Located off the West Side of Hawai'i Island by Using Tagging and Oceanographic Data SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CUVIERS ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; KILLER WHALES; OCEAN; MICRONEKTON; MOVEMENTS; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT; EDDIES; MODEL AB Satellite tagging data for short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) and Blainville's beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) were used to identify core insular foraging regions off the Kona (west) Coast of Hawai'i Island. Ship-based active acoustic surveys and oceanographic model output were used in generalized additive models (GAMs) and mixed models to characterize the oceanography of these regions and to examine relationships between whale density and the environment. The regions of highest density for pilot whales and Blainville's beaked whales were located between the 1000 and 2500 m isobaths and the 250 and 2000 m isobaths, respectively. Both species were associated with slope waters, but given the topography of the area, the horizontal distribution of beaked whales was narrower and located in shallower waters than that of pilot whales. The key oceanographic parameters characterizing the foraging regions were bathymetry, temperature at depth, and a high density of midwater micronekton scattering at 70 kHz in 400-650 m depths that likely represent the island-associated deep mesopelagic boundary community and serve as prey for the prey of the whales. Thus, our results suggest that off the Kona Coast, and potentially around other main Hawaiian Islands, the deep mesopelagic boundary community is key to a food web that supports insular cetacean populations. C1 [Abecassis, Melanie] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Polovina, Jeffrey; Domokos, Reka; Oleson, Erin] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Baird, Robin W.; Schorr, Gregory S.; Webster, Daniel L.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA USA. [Copeland, Adrienne] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. [Drazen, Jeffrey C.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Jia, Yanli] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Abecassis, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM melanie.abecassis@noaa.gov RI Drazen, Jeffrey/C-1197-2013 OI Drazen, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9613-3833 FU NOAA Fisheries [13-11, AB133F07CN0220, AB133F08SE4534, AB133F09SE4843]; Office of Naval Research [N00140811203, N000141010686]; ONR [N000141110612, N000141210205]; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution [D100115] FX This work was supported by Project 13-11 from the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment program: http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/fate/Resources/Projects/index (MA), Grants No. N00140811203 and N000141010686 from Office of Naval Research, www.onr.navy.mil (RDA, RWB, GSS, DLW), Grant No. N000141110612 from ONR, www.onr.navy.mil (RWB, DLW), Grant No. N000141210205 from ONR, www.onr.navy.mil (AC), Sub-contract No. D100115 from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, www.whoi.edu (RWB, GSS, DLW) and Contracts AB133F07CN0220, AB133F08SE4534, AB133F09SE4843 from NOAA Fisheries to Cascadia Research Project (RWB, GSS, DLW). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 25 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0142628 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0142628 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX7ES UT WOS:000365865300024 PM 26605917 ER PT J AU Altman, RB Khuri, N Salit, M Giacomini, KM AF Altman, Russ B. Khuri, Natalia Salit, Marc Giacomini, Kathleen M. TI Unmet needs: Research helps regulators do their jobs SO SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPOTENT STROMAL CELLS; MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; CLINICAL-APPLICATIONS; STANDARDS; CULTURE; GENOMICS; TRIALS; CANCER; DONOR AB A plethora of innovative new medical products along with the need to apply modern technologies to medical-product evaluation has spurred seminal opportunities in regulatory sciences. Here, we provide eight examples of regulatory science research for diverse products. Opportunities abound, particularly in data science and precision health. C1 [Altman, Russ B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Khuri, Natalia; Salit, Marc] Stanford Univ, Dept Bioengn, Sch Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Khuri, Natalia; Salit, Marc] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Khuri, Natalia; Giacomini, Kathleen M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, Sch Pharm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Khuri, Natalia; Giacomini, Kathleen M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Salit, Marc] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Giacomini, Kathleen M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Human Genet, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Giacomini, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, Sch Pharm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM kathy.giacomini@ucsf.edu FU FDA [U01FD004979]; Burroughs Wellcome Fund in Innovation in Regulatory Sciences FX We gratefully acknowledge a grant from FDA to support the UCSF-Stanford CERSI (U01FD004979) and an award from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund in Innovation in Regulatory Sciences. We thank L. Lin for his expert review of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1946-6234 EI 1946-6242 J9 SCI TRANSL MED JI Sci. Transl. Med. PD NOV 25 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 315 AR 315ps22 DI 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac4369 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CY0ZO UT WOS:000366135900002 PM 26606966 ER PT J AU Wei, KY Beauchemin, L Wang, H Porter, WD Martin, J Nolas, GS AF Wei, Kaya Beauchemin, Laura Wang, Hsin Porter, Wallace D. Martin, Joshua Nolas, George S. TI Enhanced thermoelectric properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 with Ga-doping SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Quaternary chalcogenides; Thermoelectric properties; Gallium doping ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; NANOCRYSTALS AB Gallium doped Cu2ZnSnSe4 quaternary chalcogenides with and without excess Cu were synthesized by elemental reaction and densified using hot pressing in order to investigate their high temperature transport properties. The resistivity, rho, and Seebeck coefficient, S, for these materials decrease with increased Ga-doping while both mobility and effective mass increase with Ga doping. The power factor (S-2/rho) therefore increases with Ga-doping however the highest thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT = 0.39 at 700 K) was obtained for the composition that had the lowest thermal conductivity. Our results suggest an approach for optimizing the thermoelectric properties of these materials and are part of the continuing effort to explore different quaternary chalcogenide compositions and structure types, as this class of materials continues to be of interest for energy-related applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wei, Kaya; Beauchemin, Laura; Nolas, George S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Wang, Hsin; Porter, Wallace D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Martin, Joshua] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nolas, GS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM gnolas@usf.edu RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1400957]; II-VI Foundation Block-Gift Program; assistant secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the Department of Energy; Propulsion Materials program under the Vehicle Technologies program FX This work was supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR-1400957. K.W. acknowledges support from the II-VI Foundation Block-Gift Program. H.W. and W.D.P would like to thank the support of the assistant secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the Department of Energy and the Propulsion Materials program under the Vehicle Technologies program. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle LLC under contract DE-AC05000OR22725. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD NOV 25 PY 2015 VL 650 BP 844 EP 847 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.08.046 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CR7HM UT WOS:000361519300122 ER PT J AU Clark, GA Henderson, JM Heffern, C Akgun, B Majewski, J Lee, KYC AF Clark, Ginevra A. Henderson, J. Michael Heffern, Charles Akgun, Bulent Majewski, Jaroslaw Lee, Ka Yee C. TI Synergistic Interactions of Sugars/Polyols and Monovalent Salts with Phospholipids Depend upon Sugar/Polyol Complexity and Anion Identity SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; MEMBRANE-SUGAR INTERACTIONS; LIQUID EXPANDED MONOLAYERS; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; LIPID MONOLAYERS; PHOSPHATE MIXTURES; GLUCOSE-TRANSPORT; MODEL SYSTEMS; TREHALOSE; LUNG AB We found that interactions of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid monolayers with sugars are influenced by addition of NaCl. This work is of general importance in understanding how sugar-lipid-salt interactions impact biological systems. Using Langmuir isothermal compressions, fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and neutron reflectometry, we examined DPPC monolayers upon addition of sugars/polyols and/or monovalent salts. Sugar lipid interactions in the presence of NaCl increased with increasing complexity of the sugar/polyol in the order glycerol << glucose < trehalose. When the anion was altered in the series NaF, NaCl, and NaBr, only minor differences were observed. When comparing LiCl, NaCl, and KCl, sodium chloride had the greatest influence on glucose and trehalose interactions with DPPC. We propose that heterogeneity created by cation binding allows for sugars to bind the lipid headgroups. While cation binding increases in the order K+ < Na+ < Li+, lithium ions may also compete with glucose for binding sites. Thus, both cooperative and competitive factors contribute to the overall influence of salts on sugar-lipid interactions. C1 [Clark, Ginevra A.; Henderson, J. Michael; Heffern, Charles; Lee, Ka Yee C.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Dept Chem, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem, TR-34342 Istanbul, Turkey. [Akgun, Bulent] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Majewski, Jaroslaw] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, MPA, CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Majewski, Jaroslaw] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lee, KYC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Dept Chem, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM kayeelee@uchicago.edu RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011; OI Henderson, James/0000-0001-7836-9025 FU National Science Foundation [MCB-1413613]; NSF [DMR-1420709]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences at Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE [AC52-06NA25396] FX We thank Dr. Sushil Satija for help and advice during the neutron scattering experiments. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant MCB-1413613 and the NSF-supported MRSEC program at the University of Chicago (DMR-1420709). The Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE is funded by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences at Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE Contract AC52-06NA25396. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 24 PY 2015 VL 31 IS 46 BP 12688 EP 12698 DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02815 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CX1NZ UT WOS:000365464200016 PM 26496486 ER PT J AU Godfrin, PD Hudson, SD Hong, K Porcar, L Falus, P Wagner, NJ Liu, Y AF Godfrin, P. Douglas Hudson, Steven D. Hong, Kunlun Porcar, Lionel Falus, Peter Wagner, Norman J. Liu, Yun TI Short-Time Glassy Dynamics in Viscous Protein Solutions with Competing Interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLUSTER FORMATION; COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS; SELF-DIFFUSION; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; LYSOZYME; TRANSITION; DISPERSIONS; PARTICLES; VISCOSITY; ARREST AB The glass transition of colloidal dispersions interacting with both a short-ranged attraction and long-ranged repulsion is studied using highly purified lysozyme solutions. Newtonian liquid behavior is observed at all conditions while measurements of the dynamics in the short-time limit show features typical of glassy colloidal systems at high protein concentrations. This interesting behavior is due to the competition of the attraction and repulsion that produces a heterogeneous microstructure only at intermediate range length scales. The results demonstrate that theories for the macroscopic properties of systems with competing interactions need to include intermediate range order. C1 [Godfrin, P. Douglas; Wagner, Norman J.; Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Ctr Neutron Sci, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hudson, Steven D.] NIST, Polymers & Complex Fluids Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat & Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Porcar, Lionel; Falus, Peter] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Godfrin, PD (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Neutron Sci, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM wagnernj@udel.edu; yunliu@nist.gov RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Godfrin, Paul/P-8982-2015; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X; Godfrin, Paul/0000-0003-0546-0690; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB12H239, 70NANB10H256]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The authors acknowledge the support of Cooperative Agreements No. 70NANB12H239 and No. 70NANB10H256 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. The samples were purified at CNMS, supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 22 AR 228302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.228302 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CX2KB UT WOS:000365524500018 ER PT J AU Lu, QM Yue, M Zhang, HG Wang, ML Yu, F Huang, QZ Ryan, DH Altounian, Z AF Lu, Q. M. Yue, M. Zhang, H. G. Wang, M. L. Yu, F. Huang, Q. Z. Ryan, D. H. Altounian, Z. TI Intrinsic magnetic properties of single-phase Mn1+xGa (0 < x < 1) alloys SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MNGA AB Magnetization measurements have been carried out on a series of carefully prepared single-phase Mn1+xGa (0 < x < 1) alloys. The saturation magnetization M-s, measured at 5 K, has a value of 92.0 emu/g for x = 0.15. This is the highest value reported in these alloys and is close to the calculated value of 116 emu/g for the stoichiometric compound (x = 0). M-s decreases gradually with x and has a value of 60.7 emu/g for x = 0.86. This behavior is consistent with the extra Mn atoms occupying Ga sites and coupling antiferromagnetically with the rest of the Mn atoms. The intrinsic magnetic properties of the Mn-Ga alloys indicate their great potential as novel, rare-earth free permanent magnetic materials. C1 [Lu, Q. M.; Yue, M.; Zhang, H. G.; Wang, M. L.; Yu, F.] Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. [Huang, Q. Z.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ryan, D. H.; Altounian, Z.] McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Ryan, D. H.; Altounian, Z.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP Yue, M (reprint author), Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. EM yueming@bjut.edu.cn; qing.huang@nist.gov FU State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China [51331003]; Beijing Natural Science Foundation [2152006]; State Key Lab of Advanced Metals and Materials [2014-ZD07]; Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry; Fundamental Research Foundation of Beijing University of Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Quebecois de la Recherchesur la Nature et les Technologies FX This work was supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (51331003), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2152006), State Key Lab of Advanced Metals and Materials (2014-ZD07), and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry, and the Fundamental Research Foundation of Beijing University of Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherchesur la Nature et les Technologies. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 15 U2 42 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 24 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 17086 DI 10.1038/srep17086 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW7QB UT WOS:000365193100001 PM 26597458 ER PT J AU Yu, YL Yu, YF Cai, YQ Li, W Gurarslan, A Peelaers, H Aspnes, DE Van de Walle, CG Nguyen, NV Zhang, YW Cao, LY AF Yu, Yiling Yu, Yifei Cai, Yongqing Li, Wei Gurarslan, Alper Peelaers, Hartwin Aspnes, David E. Van de Walle, Chris G. Nguyen, Nhan V. Zhang, Yong-Wei Cao, Linyou TI Exciton-dominated Dielectric Function of Atomically Thin MoS2 Films SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; MONOLAYER MOS2; SPECTRA; LAYER AB We systematically measure the dielectric function of atomically thin MoS2 films with different layer numbers and demonstrate that excitonic effects play a dominant role in the dielectric function when the films are less than 5-7 layers thick. The dielectric function shows an anomalous dependence on the layer number. It decreases with the layer number increasing when the films are less than 5-7 layers thick but turns to increase with the layer number for thicker films. We show that this is because the excitonic effect is very strong in the thin MoS2 films and its contribution to the dielectric function may dominate over the contribution of the band structure. We also extract the value of layer-dependent exciton binding energy and Bohr radius in the films by fitting the experimental results with an intuitive model. The dominance of excitonic effects is in stark contrast with what reported at conventional materials whose dielectric functions are usually dictated by band structures. The knowledge of the dielectric function may enable capabilities to engineer the light-matter interactions of atomically thin MoS2 films for the development of novel photonic devices, such as metamaterials, waveguides, light absorbers, and light emitters. C1 [Yu, Yifei; Gurarslan, Alper; Cao, Linyou] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Yu, Yiling; Aspnes, David E.; Cao, Linyou] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cai, Yongqing; Zhang, Yong-Wei] ASTAR, Inst High Performance Comp, Singapore 138632, Singapore. [Li, Wei; Nguyen, Nhan V.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gurarslan, Alper] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Fiber & Polymer Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Peelaers, Hartwin; Van de Walle, Chris G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Cao, LY (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lcao2@ncsu.edu RI Cai, Yongqing/G-1694-2012 FU Army Research Office [W911NF-13-1-0201]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-07ER46434] FX This work was supported by a Young Investigator Award from the Army Research Office (W911NF-13-1-0201). Y.C. and Y.Z. gratefully acknowledge the use of computing resources at the A*STAR Computational Resource Centre, Singapore. H.P. and C.G.V.d.W. were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under Award DE-FG02-07ER46434. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 60 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 24 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 16996 DI 10.1038/srep16996 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW7UO UT WOS:000365205100001 PM 26598075 ER PT J AU Kibler, SR Tester, PA Kunkel, KE Moore, SK Litaker, RW AF Kibler, Steven R. Tester, Patricia A. Kunkel, Kenneth E. Moore, Stephanie K. Litaker, R. Wayne TI Effects of ocean warming on growth and distribution of dinoflagellates associated with ciguatera fish poisoning in the Caribbean SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Ciguatoxin; Harmful algal bloom; Benthic dinoflagellate ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; GAMBIERDISCUS-TOXICUS ADACHI; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; MIDSUMMER DROUGHT; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PUERTO-RICO; DINOPHYCEAE; GONYAULACALES; VARIABILITY AB Projected water temperatures at six sites in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea were used to forecast potential effects of climate change on the growth, abundance and distribution of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa species, dinoflagellates associated with ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). Data from six sites in the Greater Caribbean were used to create statistically downscaled projections of water temperature using an ensemble of eleven global climate models and simulation RCP6.0 from the WCRP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Growth rates of five dinoflagellate species were estimated through the end of the 21st century using experimentally derived temperature vs. growth relationships for multiple strains of each species. The projected growth rates suggest the distribution and abundance of CFP-associated dinoflagellate species will shift substantially through 2099. Rising water temperatures are projected to increase the abundance and diversity of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa species in the Gulf of Mexico and along the U.S. southeast Atlantic coast. In the Caribbean Sea, where the highest average temperatures correlate with the highest rates of CFP, it is projected that Gambierdiscus caribaeus, Gambierdiscus belizeanus and Fukuyoa ruetzleri will become increasingly dominant. Conversely, the lower temperature-adapted species Gambierdiscus carolinianus and Gambierdiscus ribotype 2 are likely to become less prevalent in the Caribbean Sea and are expected to expand their ranges in the northern Gulf of Mexico and farther into the western Atlantic. The risks associated with CFP are also expected to change regionally, with higher incidence rates in the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. southeast Atlantic coast, with stable or slightly lower risks in the Caribbean Sea. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kibler, Steven R.; Litaker, R. Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Tester, Patricia A.] Ocean Tester LLC, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Moore, Stephanie K.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Joint Off Sci Support, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Kibler, SR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Steve.Kibler@noaa.gov; ocean.tester@yahoo.com; Ken.Kunkel@noaa.gov; Stephanie.Moore@noaa.gov; Wayne.Litaker@noaa.gov FU National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, NOAA FX We wish to extend our thanks to D. Hardison and W. Holland for assistance with experimental data, internal reviewers at the Beaufort Laboratory and Center the Northwest Fisheries Science Center for helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript; and to J. Trtanj, M. Faust and UNESCO/IOC/SCOR's Program on HABs in Benthic Systems (GEOHAB) for inspiration. Funding for this work was provided by The National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, NOAA. NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 15 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 24 PY 2015 VL 316 BP 194 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.08.020 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4PI UT WOS:000364248600019 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Lynn, JW Huang, Q Brown, CM Kaduk, JA Joshi, G AF Wong-Ng, W. Lynn, J. W. Huang, Q. Brown, C. M. Kaduk, J. A. Joshi, G. TI Observation of drastic change of generalized phonon density-of-states in nanostructured half-Heusler using inelastic neutron scattering SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-THERMOELECTRIC PERFORMANCE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BULK ALLOYS; FIGURE; MERIT; SUBSTITUTION; ENHANCEMENT; NI AB To understand the role of the nanophase in reducing the lattice contribution of the thermal conductivity of thermoelectrics, the structure and phonon density of a p-type half-Heusler thermoelectric ingot (ingot-HH, nominal composition of (Hf0.5Zr0.5)Co(Sb0.8Sn0.2)), and its nano form prepared from ball milling (nano-HH), were studied using neutron diffraction and neutron inelastic scattering techniques. They are both cubic, F (4) over bar 3m, with lattice parameters a = 6.0649(3) angstrom (nano) and 6.0629(1) angstrom (ingot), but the nano and ingot materials exhibit markedly different generalized phonon density-of-states (GDOS) at 300K due to the substantially reduced grain size in the nano sample. These overall changes in GDOS, together with the increase in grain boundary scattering, account for the sharp reduction of the thermal conductivity in the nano-hot-pressed (nano-hp-HH) sample, which has a similar average grain size to that of nano-HH. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lynn, J. W.; Huang, Q.; Brown, C. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, C. M.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] IIT, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Joshi, G.] Evident Thermoelect, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 21 AR 213901 DI 10.1063/1.4936163 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CX4NL UT WOS:000365677500044 ER PT J AU Savukov, I Safronova, UI Safronova, MS AF Savukov, I. Safronova, U. I. Safronova, M. S. TI Relativistic configuration interaction plus linearized-coupled-cluster calculations of U2+ energies, g factors, transition rates, and lifetimes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY IONIZED URANIUM; PERTURBATION-THEORY; IONIZATION; ATOMS AB Excitation energies, term designations, g factors, transition rates, and lifetimes of U2+ are determined using a relativistic configuration interaction (CI) + linearized-coupled-cluster (LCC) approach. The CI-LCC energies are compared with CI + many-body-perturbation-theory (MBPT) and available experimental energies. Close agreement has been found with experiment, within hundreds of cm(-1). In addition, lifetimes of higher levels have been calculated for comparison with three experimentally measured lifetimes, and close agreement has been found within the experimental error. CI-LCC calculations constitute a benchmark test of the CI + all-order method in complex relativistic systems such as actinides and their ions with many valence electrons. The theory yields many energy levels, g factors, transition rates, and lifetimes of U2+ that are not available from experiment. The theory can be applied to other multivalence atoms and ions, which would be of interest to many applications. C1 [Savukov, I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Savukov, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Savukov, Igor/0000-0003-4190-5335 FU U.S. DOE by LANL [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Gordon Godfrey Fellowship program, UNSW; U.S. NSF [PHY-1404156] FX We thank Vladimir Dzuba for making his CI + MBPT code available for this work and many useful discussions. The work of I. Savukov has been performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by LANL under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. I.S. and M.S.S. thank the School of Physics, UNSW, Australia, for hospitality. M.S.S. acknowledges support from the Gordon Godfrey Fellowship program, UNSW. This work was supported in part by U.S. NSF Grant No. PHY-1404156. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 23 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 5 AR 052516 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.052516 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CX2DE UT WOS:000365504500005 ER PT J AU Orloff, ND Long, CJ Obrzut, J Maillaud, L Mirri, F Kole, TP McMichael, RD Pasquali, M Stranick, SJ Liddle, JA AF Orloff, Nathan D. Long, Christian J. Obrzut, Jan Maillaud, Laurent Mirri, Francesca Kole, Thomas P. McMichael, Robert D. Pasquali, Matteo Stranick, Stephan J. Liddle, J. Alexander TI Noncontact conductivity and dielectric measurement for high throughput roll-to-roll nanomanufacturing SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPY; MICROWAVE MICROSCOPE; FILMS; TRANSPARENT; PERMITTIVITY; CAVITY AB Advances in roll-to-roll processing of graphene and carbon nanotubes have at last led to the continuous production of high-quality coatings and filaments, ushering in a wave of applications for flexible and wearable electronics, woven fabrics, and wires. These applications often require specific electrical properties, and hence precise control over material micro-and nanostructure. While such control can be achieved, in principle, by closed-loop processing methods, there are relatively few noncontact and nondestructive options for quantifying the electrical properties of materials on a moving web at the speed required in modern nanomanufacturing. Here, we demonstrate a noncontact microwave method for measuring the dielectric constant and conductivity (or geometry for samples of known dielectric properties) of materials in a millisecond. Such measurement times are compatible with current and future industrial needs, enabling real-time materials characterization and in-line control of processing variables without disrupting production. C1 [Orloff, Nathan D.] NIST, Comm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Orloff, Nathan D.; Obrzut, Jan; Stranick, Stephan J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Long, Christian J.; McMichael, Robert D.; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Long, Christian J.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Maillaud, Laurent; Mirri, Francesca; Pasquali, Matteo] Rice Univ, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Kole, Thomas P.] Georgetown Univ Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Stranick, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stranick@nist.gov; liddle@nist.gov RI Pasquali, Matteo/A-2489-2008; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; OI Pasquali, Matteo/0000-0001-5951-395X; Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712 FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NIST [70NANB10H193, 70NANB12H188]; Rice University [70NANB12H188] FX We acknowledge useful discussions with K. Twedt, B. Knuffman, and D. L. Stanley at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We thank T. M. Wallis and E. Mansfield for their critical review of this manuscript. Research was supported by a Cooperative Research Agreement (CRA) between the University of Maryland and NIST with grant 70NANB10H193 (for C. J. L.); and, by a CRA between Rice University and NIST with grant 70NANB12H188 (for N.D.O.). NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 23 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 17019 DI 10.1038/srep17019 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW8HJ UT WOS:000365239800002 PM 26592441 ER PT J AU Dudowicz, J Freed, KF Douglas, JF AF Dudowicz, Jacek Freed, Karl F. Douglas, Jack F. TI Phase behavior and second osmotic virial coefficient for competitive polymer solvation in mixed solvent solutions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PREFERENTIAL ADSORPTION; SYSTEMS AB We apply our recently developed generalized Flory-Huggins (FH) type theory for the competitive solvation of polymers by two mixed solvents to explain general trends in the variation of phase boundaries and solvent quality (quantified by the second osmotic virial coefficient B-2) with solvent composition. The complexity of the theoretically predicted miscibility patterns for these ternary mixtures arises from the competitive association between the polymer and the solvents and from the interplay of these associative interactions with the weak van der Waals interactions between all components of the mixture. The main focus here lies in determining the influence of the free energy parameters for polymer-solvent association (solvation) and the effective FH interaction parameters {chi(alpha beta)} (driving phase separation) on the phase boundaries (specifically the spinodals), the second osmotic virial coefficient B-2, and the relation between the positions of the spinodal curves and the theta temperatures at which B-2 vanishes. Our classification of the predicted miscibility patterns is relevant to numerous applications of ternary polymer solutions in industrial formulations and the use of mixed solvent systems for polymer characterization, such as chromatographic separation where mixed solvents are commonly employed. A favorable comparison of B-2 with experimental data for poly(methyl methacrylate)/acetonitrile/methanol (or 1-propanol) solutions only partially supports the validity of our theoretical predictions due to the lack of enough experimental data and the neglect of the self and mutual association of the solvents. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM dudowicz@jfi.uchicago.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1363012] FX This research is supported, in part, by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. CHE-1363012. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 21 PY 2015 VL 143 IS 19 AR 194901 DI 10.1063/1.4935705 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CY6NB UT WOS:000366524700035 PM 26590552 ER PT J AU Gor, GY Siderius, DW Rasmussen, CJ Krekelberg, WP Shen, VK Bernstein, N AF Gor, Gennady Y. Siderius, Daniel W. Rasmussen, Christopher J. Krekelberg, William P. Shen, Vincent K. Bernstein, Noam TI Relation between pore size and the compressibility of a confined fluid SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MATRIX MONTE-CARLO; WEDGE-SHAPED FILM; EQUATION-OF-STATE; SURFACE-AREA; CAPILLARY CONDENSATION; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; POROUS MATERIALS; ADSORPTION; SIMULATION; ARGON AB When a fluid is confined to a nanopore, its thermodynamic properties differ from the properties of a bulk fluid, so measuring such properties of the confined fluid can provide information about the pore sizes. Here, we report a simple relation between the pore size and isothermal compressibility of argon confined in such pores. Compressibility is calculated from the fluctuations of the number of particles in the grand canonical ensemble using two different simulation techniques: conventional grand-canonical Monte Carlo and grand-canonical ensemble transition-matrix Monte Carlo. Our results provide a theoretical framework for extracting the information on the pore sizes of fluid-saturated samples by measuring the compressibility from ultrasonic experiments. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Gor, Gennady Y.; Bernstein, Noam] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Siderius, Daniel W.; Krekelberg, William P.; Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rasmussen, Christopher J.] DuPont Cent Res & Dev Expt Stn, Wilmington, DC 19803 USA. RP Gor, GY (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gennady.y.gor@gmail.com FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research program FX This research was performed while one of the authors (G.Y.G.) held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Naval Research Laboratory. The work of G.Y.G. and N.B. was funded by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research program. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 21 PY 2015 VL 143 IS 19 AR 194506 DI 10.1063/1.4935430 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CY6NB UT WOS:000366524700024 PM 26590541 ER PT J AU Simon, JB Lesur, G Kunz, MW Armitage, PJ AF Simon, Jacob B. Lesur, Geoffroy Kunz, Matthew W. Armitage, Philip J. TI Magnetically driven accretion in protoplanetary discs SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; instabilities; MHD; turbulence; protoplanetary discs ID WEAKLY MAGNETIZED DISKS; LOCAL SHEAR INSTABILITY; T TAURI DISKS; MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; LINEAR-ANALYSIS; TURBULENT LINEWIDTHS; IONIZATION FRACTION AB We characterize magnetically driven accretion at radii between 1 and 100 au in protoplanetary discs, using a series of local non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. The simulations assume a minimum mass solar nebula (MMSN) disc that is threaded by a net vertical magnetic field of specified strength. Confirming previous results, we find that the Hall effect has only a modest impact on accretion at 30 au, and essentially none at 100 au. At 1-10 au the Hall effect introduces a pronounced bimodality in the accretion process, with vertical magnetic fields aligned to the disc rotation supporting a strong laminar Maxwell stress that is absent if the field is anti-aligned. In the anti-aligned case, we instead find evidence for bursts of turbulent stress at 5-10 au, which we tentatively identify with the non-axisymmetric Hall-shear instability. The presence or absence of these bursts depends upon the details of the adopted chemical model, which suggests that appreciable regions of actual protoplanetary discs might lie close to the borderline between laminar and turbulent behaviour. Given the number of important control parameters that have already been identified in MHD models, quantitative predictions for disc structure in terms of only radius and accretion rate appear to be difficult. Instead, we identify robust qualitative tests of magnetically driven accretion. These include the presence of turbulence in the outer disc, independent of the orientation of the vertical magnetic fields, and a Hall-mediated bimodality in turbulent properties extending from the region of thermal ionization to 10 au. C1 [Simon, Jacob B.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lesur, Geoffroy] Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Lesur, Geoffroy] CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Kunz, Matthew W.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Simon, JB (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM jbsimon.astro@gmail.com FU NASA [NNX13AI58G, NAS 5-26555]; NSF [AST 1313021]; Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-AR-12814]; California Institute of Technology (Caltech) - NASA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) - NASA; XSEDE grant [TG-AST120062] FX We thank Sebastien Fromang, Xue-Ning Bai, and Jim Stone for useful discussions and advice. We also thank the anonymous referee, whose suggestions greatly improved the quality of this work. We acknowledge support from NASA through grants NNX13AI58G (PJA), from the NSF through grant AST 1313021 (PJA), and from grant HST-AR-12814 (PJA) awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc, for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. Support for JBS was provided in part under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. The computations were performed on Stampede and Maverick at the Texas Advanced Computing Center and on Kraken and Darter at the National Institute for Computational Sciences using XSEDE grant TG-AST120062. NR 65 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2015 VL 454 IS 1 BP 1117 EP 1131 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv2070 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CU6QJ UT WOS:000363657000080 ER PT J AU Jacobsen, H Zaliznyak, IA Savici, AT Winn, BL Chang, S Hucker, M Gu, GD Tranquada, JM AF Jacobsen, H. Zaliznyak, I. A. Savici, A. T. Winn, B. L. Chang, S. Huecker, M. Gu, G. D. Tranquada, J. M. TI Neutron scattering study of spin ordering and stripe pinning in superconducting La1.93Sr0.07CuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTORS; INSULATING LA1.95SR0.05CUO4; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDER; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; COPPER OXIDES AB The relationships among charge order, spin fluctuations, and superconductivity in underdoped cuprates remain controversial. We use neutron scattering techniques to study these phenomena in La1.93Sr0.07CuO4, a superconductor with a transition temperature of T-c = 20 K. At T << T-c we find incommensurate spin fluctuations with a quasielastic energy spectrum and no sign of a gap within the energy range from 0.2 to 15 meV. A weak elastic magnetic component grows below similar to 10 K, consistent with results from local probes. Regarding the atomic lattice, we have discovered unexpectedly strong fluctuations of the CuO6 octahedra about Cu-O bonds, which are associated with inequivalent O sites within the CuO2 planes. Furthermore, we observed a weak elastic (3 (3) over bar0) superlattice peak that implies a reduced lattice symmetry. The presence of inequivalent O sites rationalizes various pieces of evidence for charge stripe order in underdoped La2-xSrxCuO4. The coexistence of superconductivity with quasistatic spin-stripe order suggests the presence of intertwined orders; however, the rotation of the stripe orientation away from the Cu-O bonds might be connected with evidence for a finite gap at the nodal points of the superconducting gap function. C1 [Jacobsen, H.; Zaliznyak, I. A.; Huecker, M.; Gu, G. D.; Tranquada, J. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jacobsen, H.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Nanosci Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Savici, A. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Data Anal & Visualizat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Winn, B. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chang, S.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacobsen, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jtran@bnl.gov RI Jacobsen, Henrik/B-6500-2015; Winn, Barry/A-5065-2016; Savici, Andrei/F-2790-2013; Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009 OI Jacobsen, Henrik/0000-0001-6950-3990; Winn, Barry/0000-0001-6383-4318; Savici, Andrei/0000-0001-5127-8967; Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857 FU Danish Research Council FNU through DanScatt; Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC00112704]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Scientific User Facilities Division, BES, U.S. DOE FX For the work at HYSPEC, we are grateful to M. K. Graves-Brook for valuable assistance. Helpful comments from S. A. Kivelson, R. M. Konik, T. Senthil, and A. M. Tsvelik are gratefully acknowledged. H.J. was supported by the Danish Research Council FNU through DanScatt. Work at Brookhaven was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), through Contract No. DE-SC00112704. This work utilized facilities at the NCNR supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The experiments at ORNL's SNS and HFIR were sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, BES, U.S. DOE. NR 106 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 20 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 17 AR 174525 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.174525 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CW4WN UT WOS:000364997400005 ER PT J AU Patsavas, MC Byrne, RH Wanninkhof, R Feely, RA Cai, WJ AF Patsavas, Mark C. Byrne, Robert H. Wanninkhof, Rik Feely, Richard A. Cai, Wei-Jun TI Internal consistency of marine carbonate system measurements and assessments of aragonite saturation state: Insights from two US coastal cruises SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ocean acidification; CO2 system; Internal consistency; Thermodynamics; pH; Fugacity; Total alkalinity; Dissolved inorganic carbon; Carbonate; Saturation state ID META-CRESOL PURPLE; SEAWATER PH MEASUREMENTS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; INORGANIC CARBON; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; ESTUARINE WATERS; ORGANIC-MATTER; NORTH PACIFIC AB This research assesses the thermodynamic consistency of recent marine CO2 system measurements in United States coastal waters. As one means of assessment, we compared aragonite saturation states calculated using various combinations of measured parameters. We also compared directly measured and calculated values of total alkalinity and CO2 fugacity. The primary data set consists of state-of-the-art measurements of the keystone parameters of the marine CO2 system: dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), CO2 fugacity (fCO(2)), and pH. This study is the first thermodynamic CO2 system intercomparison based on measurements obtained using purified meta cresol purple as a pH indicator. The data are from 1890 water samples collected during NOAA's West Coast Ocean Acidification Cruise of 2011 (WCOA2011) and NOAA's Gulf of Mexico and East Coast Carbon Cruise of 2012 (GOMECC-2). Calculations of in situ aragonite saturation states (Omega(A)) near the saturation horizon exhibited differences on the order of +/- 10% between predictions based on the (DIC, TA) pair of measurements vs. the (pH, DIC), (fCO(2), DIC), or (fCO(2), pH) pairs. Differences of this magnitude, which are largely attributable to the imprecision of Omega(A) calculated from the (DIC, TA) pair, are roughly equivalent to the magnitude of Omega(A) change projected to occur over the next several decades due to ocean acidification. These observations highlight the importance of including either pH or fCO(2) in saturation state calculations. Calculations of TA from (pH, DIC) and (fCO(2), DIC) showed that internal consistency could be achieved if minor subtractions of TA (<= 4 mu mol kg(-1)) were applied to samples of salinity <35. The extent of thermodynamic consistency is also exemplified by the small offset between TA calculated from (DIC, pH) and that calculated from (DIC,fCO(2)): similar to 3 mu mol kg(-1), which is similar to the accuracy of the TA measurements. Systematic trends can be detected in the offsets between measured and calculated parameters, but for this high-quality data set the magnitude of methodological improvements required to achieve exact thermodynamic consistency is quite small. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Patsavas, Mark C.; Byrne, Robert H.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cai, Wei-Jun] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Byrne, RH (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM rhbyrne@usf.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-1220110]; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) award [NA11OAR4320199]; NOAA/OAP [OAPFY13.02.PMEL.003]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; USF Robert M. Garrets Memorial Fellowship; USF William and Elsie Knight Endowed Fellowship for Marine Science FX This work was supported by a U.S. National Science Foundation award (OCE-1220110) and a NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) award (NA11OAR4320199), as well as funds from NOAA/OAP directed to the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (Project No. OAPFY13.02.PMEL.003) and the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Partial support for M. Patsavas was provided by the USF Robert M. Garrets Memorial Fellowship and the USF William and Elsie Knight Endowed Fellowship for Marine Science. Advice and insightful comments from T. Clayton are greatly appreciated. We would like to thank Bo Yang, Wei-Jun Huang, Andrew Joesoef, Xuewu Liu, Regina Easley, Yong-Rae Kim, Kevin Sullivan, Andrew Margolin, Esa Peltola, Charles Fischer, Dana Greeley, Cynthia Peacock, and Xiaoling Ding for performing cruise measurements. We thank Kathleen M. Watson for producing the cruise-track images. The authors gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments of two anonymous reviewers. Contribution No. 4348 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD NOV 20 PY 2015 VL 176 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.06.022 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA CV4UP UT WOS:000364262300002 ER PT J AU Grand, MM Measures, CI Hatta, M Morton, PL Barrett, P Milne, A Resing, JA Landing, WM AF Grand, Maxime M. Measures, Christopher I. Hatta, Mariko Morton, Peter L. Barrett, Pamela Milne, Angela Resing, Joseph A. Landing, William M. TI The impact of circulation and dust deposition in controlling the distributions of dissolved Fe and Al in the south Indian subtropical gyre SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fe iron; Al aluminium; Indian Ocean; CLIVAR ID ANTARCTIC INTERMEDIATE WATER; ATMOSPHERIC TRACE-METALS; LEAD-ISOTOPE RATIOS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; OPEN-OCEAN; COLLOIDAL ALUMINUM; IRON AVAILABILITY; SURFACE WATERS; PACIFIC-OCEAN AB The South Indian Subtropical Gyre (SISG) is one of the least studied gyre systems of the world ocean with respect to trace elements. Here we report dissolved (<0.45 mu m) Fe and Al measurements collected during two high-resolution US-CLIVAR CO2 Repeat Hydrography sections, which transected the upper 1000 m of the gyre zonally along similar to 32 degrees S (105) and meridionally along similar to 30 degrees E (IOW. Particulate Fe and Al concentrations in waters influenced by the Agulhas Current are also presented. The distributions of dissolved Fe and Al in the gyre are primarily impacted by mineral dust deposition at the surface and the large-scale circulation patterns of the gyre at depth. Using mean mixed layer dissolved Al concentrations, we estimate that the deposition and partial dissolution of mineral dust emanating from South Africa and Australia vary from 60 to 685 mg (dust) m(-2) yr(-1) across the 32 degrees S transect. This translates into a dust source of dissolved Fe ranging from 1.7 to 20 mu mol Fe m(-2) y(-1). The zonal patterns of aeolian deposition and those of N*, an indirect geochemical tracer for nitrogen fixation, show remarkable similarities along the 105 transect, suggesting that aeolian delivery of Fe may regulate nitrogen fixation rates in the SISG. In the western SISG (west of 60 degrees E), which receives some of the highest aeolian Fe fluxes of the 32 degrees S section, the Fe:AOU ratio in Indian Central Water was elevated relative to that observed in the Indian Central Water occupying the eastern Indian Ocean. These elevated Fe:AOU ratios may reflect the remineralization of Fe-rich organic material from nitrogen fixing organisms at the western end of the basin. Below the mixed layer, the distribution of dissolved Al appears to trace the principal features of the large-scale circulation of the SISG. Elevated subsurface concentrations of dissolved Al (>4 nM) in the southwest Indian Ocean west of 45-50 degrees E are most likely sustained by leakage of Al-rich waters from the Agulhas Return Current. Along the southeast African margin, the elevated particulate Fe (up to 230 nM) and Al (up to 690 nM) concentrations reflect the resuspension and transport of shelf sediments by the highly energetic Agulhas Current. However, while the particulate inputs at the margin are massive and appear to supply modest amounts of dissolved Fe, the distribution of dissolved Al is decoupled from the particulate phase. This observation suggests that the elevated subsurface dissolved Al concentrations observed near the African shelf are not the result of sediment resuspension processes occurring in situ along 105 but are more likely an advected signal originating from the upper reaches of the Agulhas Current. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Grand, Maxime M.; Measures, Christopher I.; Hatta, Mariko] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Morton, Peter L.; Landing, William M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Barrett, Pamela; Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, PMEL, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Milne, Angela] Univ Plymouth, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. RP Grand, MM (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Waterfront Campus,European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM maxime@hawaii.edu OI Grand, Maxime/0000-0001-9338-694X; Milne, Angela/0000-0002-3304-8962 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1157490]; State of Florida; [NSF-OCE-0649584]; [NSF-OCE-0550317]; [0649639]; [NSF-OCE-1260376] FX We thank the crew and captains of the R/V Roger Revelle and chief scientists Jim Swift (105) and Kevin Speer (I06S) for their tremendous technical and logistical support, particularly on I06S when we were faced with many technical difficulties following the failed delivery of our hydraulic winch and loss of our CTD rosette. We also acknowledge Kati Gosnell and William Hiscock for their help during the seagoing part of this project as well as Yoshild Sohrin and Natalie Mahowald for sharing their data and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. The ICP-MS analyses reported here were performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by the National Science Foundation cooperative agreement no. DMR-1157490 and the State of Florida. This work was funded by NSF-OCE-0649584 to CIM, NSF-OCE-0550317 and 0649639 to WML and NSF-OCE-1260376 to JAR. This is SOEST contribution number 9484 and JISAO and PMEL publications #2413 and #4290, respectively. NR 90 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD NOV 20 PY 2015 VL 176 BP 110 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.08.002 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA CV4UP UT WOS:000364262300010 ER PT J AU Mason, JA Oktawiec, J Taylor, MK Hudson, MR Rodriguez, J Bachman, JE Gonzalez, MI Cervellino, A Guagliardi, A Brown, CM Llewellyn, PL Masciocchi, N Long, JR AF Mason, Jarad A. Oktawiec, Julia Taylor, Mercedes K. Hudson, Matthew R. Rodriguez, Julien Bachman, Jonathan E. Gonzalez, Miguel I. Cervellino, Antonio Guagliardi, Antonietta Brown, Craig M. Llewellyn, Philip L. Masciocchi, Norberto Long, Jeffrey R. TI Methane storage in flexible metal-organic frameworks with intrinsic thermal management SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-GAS STORAGE; ADSORPTION; CRYSTALS; CO(1,4-BENZENEDIPYRAZOLATE); THERMODYNAMICS; PRESSURE; MODEL AB As a cleaner, cheaper, and more globally evenly distributed fuel, natural gas has considerable environmental, economic, and political advantages over petroleum as a source of energy for the transportation sector(1,2). Despite these benefits, its low volumetric energy density at ambient temperature and pressure presents substantial challenges, particularly for light-duty vehicles with little space available for on-board fuel storage(3). Adsorbed natural gas systems have the potential to store high densities of methane (CH4, the principal component of natural gas) within a porous material at ambient temperature and moderate pressures(4). Although activated carbons, zeolites, and metal-organic frameworks have been investigated extensively for CH4 storage(5-8), there are practical challenges involved in designing systems with high capacities and in managing the thermal fluctuations associated with adsorbing and desorbing gas from the adsorbent. Here, we use a reversible phase transition in a metal-organic framework to maximize the deliverable capacity of CH4 while also providing internal heat management during adsorption and desorption. In particular, the flexible compounds Fe(bdp) and Co(bdp) (bdp(2-) = 1,4-benzenedipyrazolate) are shown to undergo a structural phase transition in response to specific CH4 pressures, resulting in adsorption and desorption isotherms that feature a sharp 'step'. Such behaviour enables greater storage capacities than have been achieved for classical adsorbents(9), while also reducing the amount of heat released during adsorption and the impact of cooling during desorption. The pressure and energy associated with the phase transition can be tuned either chemically or by application of mechanical pressure. C1 [Mason, Jarad A.; Oktawiec, Julia; Taylor, Mercedes K.; Bachman, Jonathan E.; Gonzalez, Miguel I.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rodriguez, Julien; Llewellyn, Philip L.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Lab MADIREL UMR 7246, Ctr St Jerome, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. [Cervellino, Antonio] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Synchrotron Radiat Condensed Matter, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Guagliardi, Antonietta] CNR, Ist Cristallog, I-22100 Como, Italy. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Masciocchi, Norberto] Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Sci & Alta Tecnol, I-22100 Como, Italy. [Masciocchi, Norberto] To Sca Lab, I-22100 Como, Italy. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu RI LLEWELLYN, Philip/J-3458-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Guagliardi, Antonietta/K-4471-2015; OI LLEWELLYN, Philip/0000-0001-5124-7052; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Guagliardi, Antonietta/0000-0001-6390-2114; Gonzalez, Miguel/0000-0003-4250-9035 FU Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E) of the US Department of Energy (DoE); Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation FX This research was supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E) of the US Department of Energy (DoE). Powder X-ray diffraction data were collected at beamline 17-BM-B at the Advanced Photon Source, a DoE Office of Science User Facility operated by Argonne National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and at beamline MS-X04SA of the Swiss Light Source (SLS) at the Paul Scherrer Institut. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments were performed at beamline 11.3.1 at the Advanced Light Source, a DoE Office of Science User Facility operated by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. In addition, we thank M. Veenstra, D. A. Boysen, T. M. McDonald, D. J. Xiao, M. Nippe, Z. Hulvey, G. J. Halder, K. J. Gagnon, S. J. Teat, and the technical staff of the MS-X04SA beamline at SLS for experimental assistance and discussions. We also thank the National Science Foundation for providing graduate fellowship support for J.O. and J.E.B. NR 34 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 70 U2 195 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 19 PY 2015 VL 527 IS 7578 BP 357 EP + DI 10.1038/nature15732 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW9ZN UT WOS:000365356800052 PM 26503057 ER PT J AU Allison, TC Burgess, DR AF Allison, Thomas C. Burgess, Donald R., Jr. TI First-Principles Prediction of Enthalpies of Formation for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Derivatives SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE THERMOCHEMICAL TABLES; MEDIUM-SIZED HYDROCARBONS; AB-INITIO HEATS; CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORIES; GROUP ADDITIVITY METHOD; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENTHALPIES; ZERO-POINT ENERGIES; SET MODEL CHEMISTRY; ELECTRON DELOCALIZATION AB In this article, the first-principles prediction of enthalpies of formation is demonstrated for 669 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compoundS and a number of related functionalized molecules. It is shown that by extrapolating density functional theory calculations to a large basis set limit and then applying a group based correction scheme that good results may be obtained. Specifically, a mean unSigned deviation and root mean squared deviation from the experimental enthalpies of formation data of 5.0 and 6.4 kJ/mol, respectively, are obtained using this scheme. This computational Scheme is economical to compute and straightforward to apply, while yielding results of reasonable reliability. The results are also compared for a smaller set of molecules to the predictions given by the G3B3 and G3MP2B3 variants of the Gaussian-3 model chemistry with a mean unsigned deviation and root mean squared deviation from the experimental enthalpies of formation of 4.5 and 4.8 kJ/mol, respectively. C1 [Allison, Thomas C.; Burgess, Donald R., Jr.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Allison, TC (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.allison@nist.gov; donald.burgess@nist.gov NR 247 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 19 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 46 BP 11329 EP 11365 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07908 PG 37 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CX1NL UT WOS:000365462800011 PM 26485436 ER PT J AU Straus, DB Goodwin, ED Gaulding, EA Muramoto, S Murray, CB Kagan, CR AF Straus, Daniel B. Goodwin, E. D. Gaulding, E. Ashley Muramoto, Shin Murray, Christopher B. Kagan, Cherie R. TI Increased Carrier Mobility and Lifetime in CdSe Quantum Dot Thin Films through Surface Trap Passivation and Doping SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MATCHED MOLECULAR SOLDERS; BAND-LIKE TRANSPORT; COLLOIDAL NANOCRYSTALS; SOLAR-CELLS; STOICHIOMETRIC CONTROL; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; POST-SYNTHESIS; SOLIDS; PERFORMANCE; TRANSISTORS AB Passivating surface defects and controlling the carrier concentration and mobility in quantum dot (QD) thin films is prerequisite to designing electronic and optoelectronic devices. We investigate the effect of introducing indium in CdSe QD thin films on the dark mobility and the photogenerated carrier mobility and lifetime using field-effect transistor (FET) and time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements. We evaporate indium films ranging from 1 to 11 nm in thickness on top of approximately 40 nm thick thiocyanate-capped CdSe QD thin films and anneal the QD films at 300 degrees C to densify and drive diffusion of indium through the films. As the amount of indium increases, the FET and TRMC mobilities and the TRMC lifetime increase. The increase in mobility and lifetime is consistent with increased indium passivating midgap and band-tail trap states and doping the films, shifting the Fermi energy closer to and into the conduction band. C1 [Straus, Daniel B.; Goodwin, E. D.; Murray, Christopher B.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gaulding, E. Ashley; Murray, Christopher B.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Muramoto, Shin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kagan, CR (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM kagan@seas.upenn.edu RI Muramoto, Shin/I-6710-2016; OI Muramoto, Shin/0000-0003-3135-375X; Straus, Daniel/0000-0003-2977-5590 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-SC0002158]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1321851] FX We thank the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, under Award No. DE-SC0002158 for primary support of this work. D.B.S. acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1321851. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 13 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD NOV 19 PY 2015 VL 6 IS 22 BP 4605 EP 4609 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02251 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CX1MQ UT WOS:000365460700025 PM 26536065 ER PT J AU Hafezi, M Adhikari, P Taylor, JM AF Hafezi, M. Adhikari, P. Taylor, J. M. TI Chemical potential for light by parametric coupling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; JOSEPHSON RING MODULATOR; QUANTUM LIMIT; AMPLIFICATION; PHOTONS; CAVITY; MODEL AB Usually photons are not conserved in their interaction with matter. Consequently, for the thermodynamics of photons, while we have a concept of temperature for energy conservation, there is no equivalent chemical potential for particle number conservation. However, the notion of a chemical potential is crucial in understanding a wide variety of single-and many-body effects, from transport in conductors and semiconductors to phase transitions in electronic and atomic systems. Here we show how a direct modification of the system-bath coupling via parametric oscillation creates an effective chemical potential for photons even in the thermodynamic limit. In particular, we show that the photonic system equilibrates to the temperature of the bath, with a tunable chemical potential that is set by the frequency of the parametric coupler. Specific implementations, using circuit-QED or optomechanics, are feasible using current technologies, and we show a detailed example demonstrating the emergence of Mott insulator-superfluid transition in a lattice of nonlinear oscillators. Our approach paves the way for quantum simulation, quantum sources, and even electronlike circuits with light. C1 [Hafezi, M.; Adhikari, P.; Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, M.] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU ARO MURI [W911NF0910406]; NSF-funded Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX We thank S. Girvin, A. Houck, B. L. Hu, J. Keeling, J. Freericks, M. Devoret, E. Kapit, and P. Zoller for helpful discussions. Support was provided by the NSF-funded Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute and by ARO MURI Grant No. W911NF0910406. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 19 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 17 AR 174305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.174305 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CW4WK UT WOS:000364997100003 ER PT J AU Isaev, L Ortiz, G Vekhter, I AF Isaev, L. Ortiz, G. Vekhter, I. TI Tunable unconventional Kondo effect on topological insulator surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE MAGNETIC IMPURITY; GAPLESS FERMI SYSTEMS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; CONDUCTION ELECTRONS; SPIN; SCATTERING; BAND; RESONANCE; OPERATORS; SPECTRUM AB We study Kondo physics of a spin-1/2 impurity in electronic matter with strong spin-orbit interaction, which can be realized by depositing magnetic adatoms on the surface of a three-dimensional topological insulator. We show that magnetic properties of topological surface states and the very existence of Kondo screening strongly depend on details of the bulk material, and specifics of surface preparation encoded in time-reversal preserving boundary conditions for electronic wavefunctions. When this tunable Kondo effect occurs, the impurity spin is screened by purely orbital motion of surface electrons. This mechanism gives rise to a transverse magnetic response of the surface metal, and to spin textures that can be used to experimentally probe signatures of a Kondo resonance. Our predictions are particularly relevant for STM measurements in PbTe-class crystalline topological insulators, but we also discuss implications for other classes of topological materials. C1 [Isaev, L.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Isaev, L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Isaev, L.; Vekhter, I.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Ortiz, G.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Ortiz, G.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Isaev, L (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NSF [PIF-1211914, PFC-1125844, DMR-1105339, DMR-1410741]; AFOSR; AFOSR-MURI; NIST; ARO; ICAM FX L.I. was supported by the NSF (Grants No. PIF-1211914 and No. PFC-1125844), AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI, NIST and ARO individual investigator awards, and also in part by ICAM. I.V. acknowledges support from NSF Grants No. DMR-1105339 and DMR-1410741. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 19 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 20 AR 205423 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.205423 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CW4WW UT WOS:000364998300007 ER PT J AU Maier, T Kadau, H Schmitt, M Wenzel, M Ferrier-Barbut, I Pfau, T Frisch, A Baier, S Aikawa, K Chomaz, L Mark, MJ Ferlaino, F Makrides, C Tiesinga, E Petrov, A Kotochigova, S AF Maier, T. Kadau, H. Schmitt, M. Wenzel, M. Ferrier-Barbut, I. Pfau, T. Frisch, A. Baier, S. Aikawa, K. Chomaz, L. Mark, M. J. Ferlaino, F. Makrides, C. Tiesinga, E. Petrov, A. Kotochigova, S. TI Emergence of Chaotic Scattering in Ultracold Er and Dy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTUM CHAOS; SHELL-MODEL; ATOMS; SYSTEMS; GAS; STATISTICS; PHYSICS; ERBIUM AB We show that for ultracold magnetic lanthanide atoms chaotic scattering emerges due to a combination of anisotropic interaction potentials and Zeeman coupling under an external magnetic field. This scattering is studied in a collaborative experimental and theoretical effort for both dysprosium and erbium. We present extensive atom-loss measurements of their dense magnetic Feshbach-resonance spectra, analyze their statistical properties, and compare to predictions from a random-matrix-theory-inspired model. Furthermore, theoretical coupled-channels simulations of the anisotropic molecular Hamiltonian at zero magnetic field show that weakly bound, near threshold diatomic levels form overlapping, uncoupled chaotic series that when combined are randomly distributed. The Zeeman interaction shifts and couples these levels, leading to a Feshbach spectrum of zero-energy bound states with nearest-neighbor spacings that changes from randomly to chaotically distributed for increasing magnetic field. Finally, we show that the extreme temperature sensitivity of a small, but sizable fraction of the resonances in the Dy and Er atom-loss spectra is due to resonant nonzero partial-wave collisions. Our threshold analysis for these resonances indicates a large collision-energy dependence of the three-body recombination rate. C1 [Maier, T.; Kadau, H.; Schmitt, M.; Wenzel, M.; Ferrier-Barbut, I.; Pfau, T.] Univ Stuttgart, Phys Inst 5, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Maier, T.; Kadau, H.; Schmitt, M.; Wenzel, M.; Ferrier-Barbut, I.; Pfau, T.] Univ Stuttgart, Ctr Integrated Quantum Sci & Technol, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Frisch, A.; Baier, S.; Aikawa, K.; Chomaz, L.; Mark, M. J.; Ferlaino, F.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Frisch, A.; Chomaz, L.; Mark, M. J.; Ferlaino, F.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantenopt & Quanteninformat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Makrides, C.; Petrov, A.; Kotochigova, S.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Tiesinga, E.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, E.] NIST, Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, E.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Petrov, A.] St Petersburg State Univ, Div Quantum Mech, NRC Kurchatov Inst PNPI 188300, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. RP Maier, T (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Phys Inst 5, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM t.maier@physik.uni-stuttgart.de RI Pfau, Tilman/G-1774-2011; Aikawa, Kiyotaka/D-4896-2016; Petrov, Alexander/I-7865-2013; Ferrier-Barbut, Igor/J-8759-2016; Ferlaino, francesca/E-6726-2012; Mark, Manfred/E-4286-2010 OI Petrov, Alexander/0000-0003-1342-3160; Ferrier-Barbut, Igor/0000-0002-4707-0474; FU German Research Foundation (DFG) [SFB/TRR21]; Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes; Austrian Ministry of Science and Research (BMWF); Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through a START grant [Y479-N20]; European Research Council [259435]; Lise-Meitner program of the FWF; FWF through SFB FoQuS; AFOSR [FA9550-14-1-0321]; NSF [PHY-1308573, PHY-1506343] FX The Stuttgart group thanks Axel Griesmaier for the support at the early stage of the experiment. The Dy work is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within SFB/TRR21. H. K. acknowledges support by the "Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes." The Er work is supported by the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research (BMWF) and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through a START grant under Project No. Y479-N20 and by the European Research Council under Project No. 259435. K. A. was supported within the Lise-Meitner program of the FWF. L. C. acknowledges support by the FWF through SFB FoQuS. Work at Temple University is supported by the AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-14-1-0321 and the NSF Grant No. PHY-1308573. The work at JQI is supported by the NSF Grant No. PHY-1506343. NR 58 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD NOV 19 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 4 AR 041029 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.5.041029 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CW4YP UT WOS:000365002800001 ER PT J AU Becker, CR Gillen, GJ Staymates, ME Stoldt, CR AF Becker, Collin R. Gillen, Greg J. Staymates, Matthew E. Stoldt, Conrad R. TI Nanoporous Silicon Combustion: Observation of Shock Wave and Flame Synthesis of Nano-particle Silica SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE porous silicon; ball lightning; nanothermite; nanoenergetic; Raman spectroscopy; MEMS ID GALVANIC POROUS SILICON; NANOPARTICLES; MICROCHANNELS; FABRICATION; CELLS; LAYER; FILMS AB The persistent hydrogen termination present in nanoporous silicon (nPS) is unique compared to other forms of nanoscale silicon (Si) which typically readily form a silicon dioxide passivation layer. The hydrogen terminated surface combined with the extremely high surface area of nPS yields a material capable of powerful exothermic reactions when combined with strong oxidizers. Here, a galvanic etching mechanism is used to produce nPS both in bulk Si wafers as well as in patterned regions of Si wafers with microfabricated ignition wires. An explosive composite is generated by filling the pores with sodium perchlorate (NaClO4). Using high-speed video including Schlieren photography, a shock wave is observed to propagate through air at 1127 +/- 116 m/s. Additionally, a fireball is observed above the region of nPS combustion which persists for nearly 3x as long when reacted in air compared to N-2, indicating that highly reactive species are generated that can further combust with excess oxygen. Finally, reaction products from either nPS-NaClO4 composites or nPS alone combusted with only high pressure O-2 (400 psig) gas as an oxidizer are captured in a calorimeter bomb. The products in both cases are similar and verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to include nano- to micrometer scale SiOx particles. This work highlights the complex oxidation mechanism of nPS composites and demonstrates the ability to use a solid state reaction to create a secondary gas phase combustion. C1 [Becker, Collin R.] US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Gillen, Greg J.; Staymates, Matthew E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stoldt, Conrad R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Becker, CR (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM Collin.r.becker.civ@mail.mil FU U.S. Army Research Lab; DOD SMART scholarship FX We are grateful for financial support from the U.S. Army Research Lab. C.R.B. also acknowledges support from a DOD SMART scholarship. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD NOV 18 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 45 BP 25539 EP 25545 DI 10.1021/acmasi.5b09076 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CW6ZW UT WOS:000365148600066 PM 26501940 ER PT J AU Simeone, CA Gulland, FMD Norris, T Rowles, TK AF Simeone, Claire A. Gulland, Frances M. D. Norris, Tenaya Rowles, Teresa K. TI A Systematic Review of Changes in Marine Mammal Health in North America, 1972-2012: The Need for a Novel Integrated Approach SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Review ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; SEA LIONS; DEFINITION; PREVALENCE; SENTINELS; WHALES; OCEAN; USA AB Marine mammals are often cited as "sentinels of ocean health" yet accessible, synthesized data on their health changes that could effectively warn of ocean health changes are rare. The objectives of this study were to 1) perform a systematic review of published cases of marine mammal disease to determine spatial and temporal trends in disease from 1972-2012, including changes in regions and taxa affected and specific causes; and 2) compare numbers of published cases of neoplasia with known, hospital-based neoplasia records to explore the causes of discrepancy between numbers of published cases and true disease trends. Peer-reviewed literature was compiled, and data were collected from The Marine Mammal Center database in Sausalito, California for comparison of numbers of neoplasia cases. Toxicoses from harmful algal blooms appear to be increasing. Viral epidemics are most common along the Atlantic U.S. coastline, while bacterial epidemics, especially leptospirosis, are most common along the Pacific coast. Certain protozoal and fungal zoonoses appear to be emerging, such as Toxoplasma gondii in southern sea otters in California, and Cryptococcus gattii in cetaceans in the Pacific Northwest. Disease reports were most common from California where pinniped populations are large, but increased effort also occurs. Anthropogenic trauma remains a large threat to marine mammal health, through direct mortality and indirect chronic disease. Neoplasia cases were under-reported from 2003-2012 when compared to true number of cases, and over-reported in several years due to case duplication. Peer-reviewed literature greatly underestimates the true magnitude of disease in marine mammals as it focuses on novel findings, fails to reflect etiology of multifactorial diseases, rarely reports prevalence rather than simple numbers of cases, and is typically presented years after a disease first occurs. Thus literature cannot guide management actions adequately, nor inform indices of ocean health. A real-time, nationally centralized system for reporting marine mammal disease data is needed to be able to understand how marine mammal diseases are changing with ecosystem changes, and before these animals can truly be considered 'sentinels of ocean health'. C1 [Simeone, Claire A.; Gulland, Frances M. D.; Norris, Tenaya] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Simeone, Claire A.; Rowles, Teresa K.] NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Simeone, CA (reprint author), Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. EM Claire.Simeone@noaa.gov OI Norris, Tenaya/0000-0003-1682-7881; Simeone, Claire/0000-0002-4576-4106 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 43 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 18 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0142105 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0142105 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW7CD UT WOS:000365154600034 PM 26579715 ER PT J AU Kole, TP Liao, KT Schiffels, D Ilic, BR Strychalski, EA Kralj, JG Liddle, JA Dritschilo, A Stavis, SM AF Kole, Thomas P. Liao, Kuo-Tang Schiffels, Daniel Ilic, B. Robert Strychalski, Elizabeth A. Kralj, Jason G. Liddle, J. Alexander Dritschilo, Anatoly Stavis, Samuel M. TI Rapid Prototyping of Nanofluidic Slits in a Silicone Bilayer SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE device; DNA; microfluidic; molding; nanofluidic; nanoparticle; silicone; prototyping; replica; silicon; silicone; SU-8 ID DNA-MOLECULES; DEVICE; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE) AB This article reports a process for rapidly prototyping nanofluidic devices, particularly those comprising slits with microscale widths and nanoscale depths, in silicone. This process consists of designing a nanofluidic device, fabricating a photomask, fabricating a device mold in epoxy photoresist, molding a device in silicone, cutting and punching a molded silicone device, bonding a silicone device to a glass substrate, and filling the device with aqueous solution. By using a bilayer of hard and soft silicone, we have formed and filled nanofluidic slits with depths of less than 400 nm and aspect ratios of width to depth exceeding 250 without collapse of the slits. An important attribute of this article is that the description of this rapid prototyping process is very comprehensive, presenting context and details which are highly relevant to the rational implementation and reliable repetition of the process. Moreover, this process makes use of equipment commonly found in nanofabrication facilities and research laboratories, facilitating the broad adaptation and application of the process. Therefore, while this article specifically informs users of the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), we anticipate that this information will be generally useful for the nanofabrication and nanofluidics research communities at large, and particularly useful for neophyte nanofabricators and nanofluidicists. C1 [Kole, Thomas P.; Liao, Kuo-Tang; Schiffels, Daniel; Ilic, B. Robert; Strychalski, Elizabeth A.; Kralj, Jason G.; Liddle, J. Alexander; Stavis, Samuel M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kole, Thomas P.; Dritschilo, Anatoly] MedStar Georgetown Univ Hosp, Dept Radiat Med, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Liao, Kuo-Tang; Schiffels, Daniel] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Kole, TP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tpkole@gmail.com; kuo-tang.liao@nist.gov; daniel.schiffels@nist.gov; robert.ilic@nist.gov; elizabeth.strychalski@nist.gov; jason.kralj@nist.gov; liddle@nist.gov; dritscha@georgetown.edu; sstavis@nist.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 FU Department of Radiation Medicine at MedStar Georgetown University Hospital; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70ANB10H193] FX T. P. K. and A. D. acknowledge support by the Department of Radiation Medicine at MedStar Georgetown University Hospital. K.-T. L. and D. S. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award number 70ANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. The authors gratefully acknowledge L. Yu for assistance with photomask fabrication and R. Newby, J. Geist, and M. Cabodi for helpful reviews of this article. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 14 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 252 EP 269 DI 10.6028/jres.120.015 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CY7TM UT WOS:000366612000001 PM 26958449 ER PT J AU Lee, YTT AF Lee, Yung-Tsun Tina TI A Journey in Standard Development: The Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) Information Model SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CMSD; information model; interoperability; machine shop; manufacturing; simulation; standard AB This report documents a journey "from research to an approved standard" of a NIST-led standard development activity. That standard, Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) information model, provides neutral structures for the efficient exchange of manufacturing data in a simulation environment. The model was standardized under the auspices of the international Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO). NIST started the research in 2001 and initiated the standardization effort in 2004. The CMSD standard was published in two SISO Products. In the first Product, the information model was defined in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and published in 2010 as SISO-STD-008-2010. In the second Product, the information model was defined in Extensible Markup Language (XML) and published in 2013 as SISO-STD-008-01-2012. Both SISO-STD-008-2010 and SISO-STD-008-01-2012 are intended to be used together. C1 [Lee, Yung-Tsun Tina] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, YTT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yung-tsun.lee@nist.gov NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 270 EP 279 DI 10.6028/jres.120.016 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CY7TM UT WOS:000366612000002 PM 26958450 ER PT J AU Yao, J Levine, J Weiss, M AF Yao, Jian Levine, Judah Weiss, Marc TI Toward Continuous GPS Carrier-Phase Time Transfer: Eliminating the Time Discontinuity at an Anomaly SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anomaly boundary; boundary discontinuity; carrier phase; curve fitting; cycle slip; discontinuity (anomaly-BD); GPS; GPS jamming; precise point positioning (PPP); time transfer ID FREQUENCY; RECEIVER; LINK AB The wide application of Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier-phase (CP) time transfer is limited by the problem of boundary discontinuity (BD). The discontinuity has two categories. One is "day boundary discontinuity," which has been studied extensively and can be solved by multiple methods [1-8]. The other category of discontinuity, called " anomaly boundary discontinuity (anomaly-BD)," comes from a GPS data anomaly. The anomaly can be a data gap (i.e., missing data), a GPS measurement error (i.e., bad data), or a cycle slip. Initial study of the anomaly-BD shows that we can fix the discontinuity if the anomaly lasts no more than 20 min, using the polynomial curve-fitting strategy to repair the anomaly [9]. However, sometimes, the data anomaly lasts longer than 20 min. Thus, a better curve-fitting strategy is in need. Besides, a cycle slip, as another type of data anomaly, can occur and lead to an anomaly-BD. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a new strategy, i.e., the satellite-clock-aided curve fitting strategy with the function of cycle slip detection. Basically, this new strategy applies the satellite clock correction to the GPS data. After that, we do the polynomial curve fitting for the code and phase data, as before. Our study shows that the phase-data residual is only similar to 3 mm for all GPS satellites. The new strategy also detects and finds the number of cycle slips by searching the minimum curve-fitting residual. Extensive examples show that this new strategy enables us to repair up to a 40-min GPS data anomaly, regardless of whether the anomaly is due to a data gap, a cycle slip, or a combination of the two. We also find that interference of the GPS signal, known as "jamming", can possibly lead to a time-transfer error, and that this new strategy can compensate for jamming outages. Thus, the new strategy can eliminate the impact of jamming on time transfer. As a whole, we greatly improve the robustness of the GPS CP time transfer. C1 [Yao, Jian; Levine, Judah; Weiss, Marc] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yao, Jian; Levine, Judah] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yao, J (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jian.yao@nist.gov; judah.levine@nist.gov; marc.weiss@nist.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 280 EP 292 DI 10.6028/jres.120.017 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CY7TM UT WOS:000366612000003 PM 26958451 ER PT J AU Commane, R Meredith, LK Baker, IT Berry, JA Munger, JW Montzka, SA Templer, PH Juice, SM Zahniser, MS Wofsy, SC AF Commane, Roisin Meredith, Laura K. Baker, Ian T. Berry, Joseph A. Munger, J. William Montzka, Stephen A. Templer, Pamela H. Juice, Stephanie M. Zahniser, Mark S. Wofsy, Steven C. TI Seasonal fluxes of carbonyl sulfide in a midlatitude forest SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE carbonyl sulfide; carbon cycle; sulfur cycle; stomatal conductance ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; EDDY COVARIANCE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; GROWING-SEASON; COS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION; MODEL AB Carbonyl sulfide (OCS), the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere, has a summer minimum associated with uptake by vegetation and soils, closely correlated with CO2. We report the first direct measurements to our knowledge of the ecosystem flux of OCS throughout an annual cycle, at a mixed temperate forest. The forest took up OCS during most of the growing season with an overall uptake of 1.36 +/- 0.01 mol OCS per ha (43.5 +/- 0.5 g S per ha, 95% confidence intervals) for the year. Daytime fluxes accounted for 72% of total uptake. Both soils and incompletely closed stomata in the canopy contributed to nighttime fluxes. Unexpected net OCS emission occurred during the warmest weeks in summer. Many requirements necessary to use fluxes of OCS as a simple estimate of photosynthesis were not met because OCS fluxes did not have a constant relationship with photosynthesis throughout an entire day or over the entire year. However, OCS fluxes provide a direct measure of ecosystem-scale stomatal conductance and mesophyll function, without relying on measures of soil evaporation or leaf temperature, and reveal previously unseen heterogeneity of forest canopy processes. Observations of OCS flux provide powerful, independent means to test and refine land surface and carbon cycle models at the ecosystem scale. C1 [Commane, Roisin; Munger, J. William; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Commane, Roisin; Munger, J. William; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Meredith, Laura K.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Baker, Ian T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Berry, Joseph A.] Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Montzka, Stephen A.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Templer, Pamela H.; Juice, Stephanie M.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Zahniser, Mark S.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Atmospher & Environm Chem, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Commane, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rcommane@seas.harvard.edu RI Commane, Roisin/E-4835-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; OI Commane, Roisin/0000-0003-1373-1550; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU NOAA Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate (AC4) Program; Charles Bullard fellowship at Harvard University; NSF Science and Technology Center for Multi-scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes [ATM-0425247] FX We thank Mark Vanscoy for help with the long-term operation of the instrument at Harvard Forest and flask sampling, Carolina Siso for analysis at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Brad Hall for OCS standardization at NOAA, Ryan McGovern at Aerodyne for instrumental repairs, and Richard Wehr for helpful discussion. The instrument was developed and deployed as part of US Department of Energy (DOE) Small Business Innovation Research DE-SC0001801. Funding for flask analysis was provided in part by NOAA Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate (AC4) Program. EMS tower and CO2 flux measurements are a component of the Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research site supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and additionally by the Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research), DOE. P.H.T. was supported by a Charles Bullard fellowship at Harvard University during the writing of this manuscript. I.T.B. was sponsored by the NSF Science and Technology Center for Multi-scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, managed by Colorado State University under Cooperative Agreement ATM-0425247. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 46 BP 14162 EP 14167 DI 10.1073/pnas.1504131112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW7IA UT WOS:000365170400038 PM 26578759 ER PT J AU Cheung, CSF Anderson, KW Benitez, KYV Soloski, MJ Aucott, JN Phinney, KW Turko, MV AF Cheung, Crystal S. F. Anderson, Kyle W. Benitez, Kenia Y. Villatoro Soloski, Mark J. Aucott, John N. Phinney, Karen W. Turko, Marion V. TI Quantification of Borrelia burgdorferi Membrane Proteins in Human Serum: A New Concept for Detection of Bacterial Infection SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; EXPRESSION; FRACTIONS; PEPTIDES; ANTIBODY; DNA AB The Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete is the causative agent of Lyme disease, the most common tick-borne disease in the United States. The low abundance of bacterial proteins in human serum during infection imposes a challenge for early proteomic detection of Lyme disease. To address this challenge, we propose to detect membrane proteins released from bacteria due to disruption of their plasma membrane triggered by the innate immune system. These membrane proteins can be separated from the bulk of serum proteins by high-speed centrifugation causing substantial sample enrichment prior to targeted protein quantification using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. This new approach was first applied to detection of B. burgdorferi membrane proteins supplemented in human serum. Our results indicated that detection of B. burgdorferi membrane proteins, which are approximate to 10(7) lower in abundance than major serum proteins, is feasible. Therefore, quantitative analysis was also carried out for serum samples from three patients with acute Lyme disease. We were able to demonstrate the detection of ospA, the major B. burgdorferi lipoprotein at the level of 4.0 fmol of ospA/mg of serum protein. The results confirm the concept and suggest that the proposed approach can be expanded to detect other bacterial infections in humans, particularly where existing diagnostics are unreliable. C1 [Cheung, Crystal S. F.; Anderson, Kyle W.; Phinney, Karen W.; Turko, Marion V.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cheung, Crystal S. F.; Anderson, Kyle W.; Benitez, Kenia Y. Villatoro; Turko, Marion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Soloski, Mark J.; Aucott, John N.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Turko, MV (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM iturko@umd.edu OI Anderson, Kyle/0000-0002-2808-3026 FU Lyme Disease Research Foundation, Inc.; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [P30AR05350]; Stabler Foundation FX This work was supported in part by the Lyme Disease Research Foundation, Inc. (www.lymemd.org), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under award number P30AR05350, and the Stabler Foundation (www.stablerfoundation.org). Certain commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this manuscript in order to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 22 BP 11383 EP 11388 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02803 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CW7AT UT WOS:000365151000031 PM 26491962 ER PT J AU Leri, AC Ravel, B AF Leri, Alessandra C. Ravel, Bruce TI Abiotic Bromination of Soil Organic Matter SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; VANADIUM-BROMOPEROXIDASE; OXIDATIVE BROMINATION; NATURAL SEAWATER; SURFACE WATERS; METHYL-BROMIDE; PEAT BOGS; DECOMPOSITION; HALOGENATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB Biogeochemical transformations of plant-derived soil organic matter (SOM) involve complex abiotic and microbially mediated reactions. One such reaction is halogenation, which occurs naturally in the soil environment and has been associated with enzymatic activity of decomposer organisms. Building on a recent finding that naturally produced organobromine is ubiquitous in SOM, we hypothesized that inorganic bromide could be subject to abiotic oxidations resulting in bromination of SOM. Through lab-based degradation treatments of plant material and soil humus, we have shown that abiotic bromination of particulate organic matter occurs in the presence of a range of inorganic oxidants, including hydrogen peroxide and assorted forms of ferric iron, producing both aliphatic and organobromine. Bromination of oak and pine litter is limited primarily by bromide concentration. Fresh plant material is more susceptible to bromination than decayed litter and soil humus, due to a labile pool of mainly aliphatic compounds that break down during early stages of SOM formation. As the first evidence of abiotic bromination of particulate SOM, this study identifies a mechanistic source of the natural organobromine in humic substances and the soil organic horizon. Formation of organobromine through oxidative treatments of plant material also provides insights into the relative stability of aromatic and aliphatic components of SOM. C1 [Leri, Alessandra C.] Marymount Manhattan Coll, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Ravel, Bruce] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Leri, AC (reprint author), Marymount Manhattan Coll, Dept Nat Sci, 221 E 71st St, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM aleri@mmm.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Marymount Manhattan College Distinguished Chair award FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. A.C.L. is supported by the Marymount Manhattan College Distinguished Chair award. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 22 BP 13350 EP 13359 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b03937 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CW7AV UT WOS:000365151200030 PM 26468620 ER PT J AU Jung, JH Kim, M Yim, UH Ha, SY Shim, WJ Chae, YS Kim, H Incardona, JP Linbo, TL Kwon, JH AF Jung, Jee-Hyun Kim, Moonkoo Yim, Un Hyuk Ha, Sung Yong Shim, Won Joon Chae, Young Sun Kim, Hana Incardona, John P. Linbo, Tiffany L. Kwon, Jung-Hwan TI Differential Toxicokinetics Determines the Sensitivity of Two Marine Embryonic Fish Exposed to Iranian Heavy Crude Oil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; EXXON-VALDEZ; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; ZEBRAFISH; KOREA; SPILL; MORTALITY AB Interspecific difference in the developmental toxicity of crude oil to embryonic fish allows the prediction of injury extent to a number of resident fish species in oil spill sites. This study clarifies the comparative developmental effects of Iranian heavy crude oil (IHCO) on the differences of biouptake and toxic sensitivity between embryonic spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculates) and olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). From 24 h after exposure to IHCO, several morphological defects were observed in both species of embryonic fish, including pericardial edema, dorsal curvature of the trunk, developmental delay, and reduced finfolds. The severity of defects was greater in flounder compared to that in sea bass. While flounder embryos accumulated higher embryo PAH concentrations than sea bass, the former showed significantly lower levels of CYP1A expression. Although bioconcentration ratios were similar between the two species for some PAHs, phenanthrenes and dibenzothiophenes showed selectively higher bioconcentration ratios in flounder, suggesting that this species has a reduced metabolic capacity for these compounds. While consistent with a conserved cardiotoxic mechanism for petrogenic PAHs across diverse marine and freshwater species, these findings indicate that species-specific differences in toxicokinetics can be an important factor underlying species' sensitivity to crude oil. C1 [Jung, Jee-Hyun; Kim, Moonkoo; Yim, Un Hyuk; Ha, Sung Yong; Shim, Won Joon; Chae, Young Sun; Kim, Hana] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Oil & POPs Res Grp, Geoje 53201, South Korea. [Incardona, John P.; Linbo, Tiffany L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kwon, Jung-Hwan] Korea Univ, Div Environm Sci & Ecol Engn, Seoul 02841, South Korea. RP Jung, JH (reprint author), Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Oil & POPs Res Grp, 41 Jangmok 1 Gil, Geoje 53201, South Korea. EM jungjh@kiost.ac RI Kim, Moonkoo/C-2938-2008; OI Kim, Moonkoo/0000-0002-9079-1736; Yim, Un Hyuk/0000-0003-1972-5450; Shim, Won Joon/0000-0002-9591-8564 FU research fund (Oil Spill Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Restoration) from the Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries, Korea FX This study was supported by a research fund (Oil Spill Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Restoration) from the Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries, Korea. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 12 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 22 BP 13639 EP 13648 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b03729 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CW7AV UT WOS:000365151200063 PM 26458192 ER PT J AU Schoen, MAW Shaw, JM Nembach, HT Weiler, M Silva, TJ AF Schoen, Martin A. W. Shaw, Justin M. Nembach, Hans T. Weiler, Mathias Silva, T. J. TI Radiative damping in waveguide-based ferromagnetic resonance measured via analysis of perpendicular standing spin waves in sputtered permalloy films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SURFACE ANISOTROPY; BOUNDARY CONDITION; EDDY CURRENT; FREQUENCY AB The damping a of the spin-wave resonances in 75, 120, and 200 nm thick permalloy films is measured via vector-network-analyzer ferromagnetic resonance (VNA-FMR) in the out-of-plane geometry. Inductive coupling between the sample and the waveguide leads to an additional radiative damping term. The radiative contribution to the over-all damping is determined by measuring perpendicular standing spin waves (PSSWs) in the permalloy films, and the results are compared to a simple analytical model. The damping of the PSSWs can be fully explained by three contributions to the damping: the intrinsic damping, the eddy-current damping, and the radiative damping. It was not necessary to invoke any additional damping contributions to explain the data. Furthermore, a method to determine the radiative damping in FMR measurements with a single resonance is suggested. C1 [Schoen, Martin A. W.; Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, T. J.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schoen, Martin A. W.] Univ Regensburg, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. [Weiler, Mathias] Bayer Akad Wissensch, Walther Meissner Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Schoen, MAW (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martin1.schoen@physik.uni-regensburg.de RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013; Weiler, Mathias/H-4266-2016 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642; NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 18 AR 184417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.184417 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CW2HG UT WOS:000364811600007 ER PT J AU Ferretti, NM Galler, MA Bushby, ST Choiniere, D AF Ferretti, Natascha Milesi Galler, Michael A. Bushby, Steven T. Choiniere, Daniel TI Evaluating the performance of Diagnostic Agent for Building Operation (DABO) and HVAC-Cx tools using the Virtual Cybernetic Building Testbed SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB Automated commissioning tools are designed to facilitate the commissioning process, thereby decreasing the time and the skill level required to carry out necessary quality control measures. As a result, they enable more thorough testing of building HVAC systems to improve occupant comfort and the persistence of correct system operation. As a part of the International Energy Agency's Annex 47 research project, two tools were developed to perform automated commissioning: (1) the Diagnostic Agent for Building Operation (DABO) tool, developed by Natural Resources Canada, and (2) the heating ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system commissioning tool, HVAC-Cx, developed by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology. This article investigates the performance of these automated commissioning tools for the ongoing commissioning of air-handling units using data from the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology Virtual Cybernetic Building Testbed as a means to conduct a repeatable evaluation over a range of operating conditions. C1 [Ferretti, Natascha Milesi; Galler, Michael A.; Bushby, Steven T.] NIST, Div Energy & Environm, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Choiniere, Daniel] Nat Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY, Varennes, PQ, Canada. RP Ferretti, NM (reprint author), NIST, Div Energy & Environm, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM natascha.milesi-ferretti@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2374-4731 EI 2374-474X J9 SCI TECHNOL BUILT EN JI Sci. Technol. Built Environ. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1154 EP 1164 DI 10.1080/23744731.2015.1077670 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA CV8SG UT WOS:000364557400010 ER PT J AU Tomillo, PS Saba, VS Lombard, CD Valiulis, JM Robinson, NJ Paladino, FV Spotila, JR Fernandez, C Rivas, ML Tucek, J Nel, R Oro, D AF Santidrian Tomillo, Pilar Saba, Vincent S. Lombard, Claudia D. Valiulis, Jennifer M. Robinson, Nathan J. Paladino, Frank V. Spotila, James R. Fernandez, Carlos Rivas, Marga L. Tucek, Jenny Nel, Ronel Oro, Daniel TI Global analysis of the effect of local climate on the hatchling output of leatherback turtles SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT; SAND TEMPERATURE; CHELONIA-MYDAS; POPULATION; RATIOS; GREEN; ROOKERY; IMPACT AB The most recent climate change projections show a global increase in temperatures along with precipitation changes throughout the 21st century. However, regional projections do not always match global projections and species with global distributions may exhibit varying regional susceptibility to climate change. Here we show the effect of local climatic conditions on the hatchling output of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) at four nesting sites encompassing the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. We found a heterogeneous effect of climate. Hatchling output increased with long-term precipitation in areas with dry climatic conditions (Playa Grande, Pacific Ocean and Sandy Point, Caribbean Sea), but the effect varied in areas where precipitation was high (Pacuare, Caribbean Sea) and was not detected at the temperate site (Maputaland, Indian Ocean). High air temperature reduced hatchling output only at the area experiencing seasonal droughts (Playa Grande). Climatic projections showed a drastic increase in air temperature and a mild decrease in precipitation at all sites by 2100. The most unfavorable conditions were projected for Sandy Point where hatching success has already declined over time along with precipitation levels. The heterogeneous effect of climate may lead to local extinctions of leatherback turtles in some areas but survival in others by 2100. C1 [Santidrian Tomillo, Pilar; Oro, Daniel] IMEDEA CSIC UIB, Populat Ecol Grp, Inst Mediterrani Estudis Avancats, Esporles 07190, Mallorca, Spain. [Saba, Vincent S.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA,Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lombard, Claudia D.] US Fishing & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Valiulis, Jennifer M.] Geog Consulting, St Croix, VI USA. [Robinson, Nathan J.; Paladino, Frank V.] Indiana Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Spotila, James R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biodivers Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Fernandez, Carlos] Endangered Wildlife Trust, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Rivas, Marga L.] Univ Granada, Granada, Spain. [Tucek, Jenny; Nel, Ronel] Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Dept Zool, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. RP Tomillo, PS (reprint author), IMEDEA CSIC UIB, Populat Ecol Grp, Inst Mediterrani Estudis Avancats, Miquel Marques 21, Esporles 07190, Mallorca, Spain. EM psantidrian@imedea.uib-csic.es RI Santidrian Tomillo, Pilar/N-5406-2014 OI Santidrian Tomillo, Pilar/0000-0002-6895-7218 FU Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme; Earthwatch Institute (Playa Grande); Betz Chair of Environmental Science at Drexel University (Playa Grande); Schrey Chair of Biology at IPFW (Playa Grande); Leatherback Trust (Playa Grande); US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) (Sandy Point); Endangered Wildlife Trust (Pacuare); NRF/Thuthuka (Maputaland); NMMU Postgraduate Research Scholarship (Maputaland) FX We would like to thank research assistants and volunteers that participated in the collection of field data at all sites. The National Meteorological Institute of Costa Rica, the South African Weather Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States (NOAA) facilitated access to local climate data. We thank the anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved the manuscript. Funding for the study was provided by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. Specific funding for each site was provided by the Earthwatch Institute, the Betz Chair of Environmental Science at Drexel University, the Schrey Chair of Biology at IPFW and The Leatherback Trust (Playa Grande), the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) (Sandy Point), the Endangered Wildlife Trust (Pacuare) and NRF/Thuthuka and NMMU Postgraduate Research Scholarship (Maputaland). NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 21 U2 86 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 16789 DI 10.1038/srep16789 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW1NF UT WOS:000364756300001 ER PT J AU Kogan, F Guo, W AF Kogan, Felix Guo, Wei TI 2006-2015 mega-drought in the western USA and its monitoring from space data SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK LA English DT Article ID LAST MILLENNIUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALIFORNIA; TECHNOLOGY; VEGETATION; CONTEXT AB During 2014 and early 2015, scientific and online publications strongly focused on the multi-year drought over the western USA, showing its dramatic consequences for the US economy, environment and society. Considering such an extraordinary drought, many questions related to its beginning, duration, dynamics, intensity, genesis, extent and frequency became unanswered and even became controversial. How different is this current event from the extraordinary US drought of the 1930s and other intensive droughts? Can this drought be classified as a mega-drought? This paper attempts to answer most of these questions, by applying National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) global operational satellite system estimating vegetation health. It has been shown that the latest western US drought began in 2006 and has continued for nine full years. Since vegetation stress still continues in the first few months of 2015 (when this paper is written) coming into the 10th year, this drought was classified as a mega-drought. In 2006, when the drought began, vegetation was stressed in over 61% of the western USA. During 2012 and 2013 (time of the drought's intensification), this area increased to 71% and 67%, respectively. All 17 states of the western two-thirds of the USA were affected by this drought, especially South Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas, Montana and Wyoming with up to 100% of the area affected by severe vegetation stress during 2012-2014. Compared to other catastrophic droughts of the past 100 years, the current drought during the worst year (2012), affected 71.3% of the western USA. This is comparable to the area affected by a catastrophic drought in 1934 (71.6%) and much higher than the droughts in 1956 (49%) and 1988 (31%). In terms of number of drought years, the other droughts in the western USA (1985-1986, 1988-1992, 1995-1996, and 2001-2003) were shorter and less intensive. Among western states, California was the most severely drought-affected, especially in 2014, when areas of stronger than moderate vegetation stress reached 70%. C1 [Kogan, Felix] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Guo, Wei] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM felix.kogan@noaa.gov RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1947-5705 EI 1947-5713 J9 GEOMAT NAT HAZ RISK JI Geomat. Nat. Hazards Risk PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 6 IS 8 BP 651 EP 668 DI 10.1080/19475705.2015.1079265 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CT7XN UT WOS:000363028900002 ER PT J AU Sweet, WV Park, J Gill, S Marra, J AF Sweet, William V. Park, Joseph Gill, Stephen Marra, John TI New ways to measure waves and their effects at NOAA tide gauges: A Hawaiian-network perspective SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER-LEVEL; OSCILLATIONS; VARIABILITY; INUNDATION; EXTREME; PACIFIC; COAST AB We use the standard deviation (sigma) of continuous 1 s water level sampling at 46 U.S. NOAA tide gauges available since 1996 as a high-frequency variance measure. Sigma estimates local infragravity and incident wave band variability, is significantly correlated (r = 0.5-0.9) to significant wave height (H-s), and scales linearly to local observations and output from the global ocean wave reanalysis at most ocean-exposed and harbor-sheltered locations. Empirical orthogonal functions of daily mean sigma from six Hawaii tide gauges distinguish northerly and southerly modes that closely match local Hs observations. Depending on tide gauge location, the 99% of daily maxima sigma can be as large as or larger than the nontidal residual component of the water level sample. Our findings provide new uses of land-based tide gauge data to estimate significant wave heights and dynamic water levels to better monitor for local conditions leading to impacts. C1 [Sweet, William V.; Gill, Stephen] NOAA, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Park, Joseph] Natl Pk Serv, Homestead, FL USA. [Marra, John] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Sweet, WV (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 21 BP 9355 EP 9361 DI 10.1002/2015GL066030 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2KK UT WOS:000368336800070 ER PT J AU Di Lorenzo, E Liguori, G Schneider, N Furtado, JC Anderson, BT Alexander, MA AF Di Lorenzo, E. Liguori, G. Schneider, N. Furtado, J. C. Anderson, B. T. Alexander, M. A. TI ENSO and meridional modes: A null hypothesis for Pacific climate variability SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL FOOTPRINTING MECHANISM; SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; NORTH PACIFIC; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; DECADAL OSCILLATION; COUPLED MODEL; EL-NINO; OCEAN; TELECONNECTIONS; IMPACTS AB Pacific low-frequency variability (timescale > 8 years) exhibits a well-known El Nino-like pattern of basin-scale sea surface temperature, which is found in all the major modes of Pacific decadal climate. Using a set of climate model experiments and observations, we decompose the mechanisms contributing to the growth, peak, and decay of the Pacific low-frequency spatial variance. We find that the El Nino-like interdecadal pattern is established through the combined actions of Pacific meridional modes (MM) and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Specifically, in the growth phase of the pattern, subtropical stochastic excitation of the MM energizes the tropical low-frequency variance acting as a red noise process. Once in the tropics, this low-frequency variance is amplified by ocean-atmospheric feedbacks as the pattern reaches its peak phase. At the same time, atmospheric teleconnections distribute the variance from the tropics to the extratropics, where the pattern ultimately decays. In this stochastic red noise model of Pacific climate, the timescale of the extra-tropical/tropical interactions (1-2 years) permits the stochastic excitation of the ENSO-like pattern of decadal and interdecadal variance. C1 [Di Lorenzo, E.; Liguori, G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Schneider, N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Furtado, J. C.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Anderson, B. T.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Alexander, M. A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Di Lorenzo, E (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM edl@gatech.edu RI Furtado, Jason/A-3459-2015; Liguori, Giovanni/P-2606-2014; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; OI Furtado, Jason/0000-0001-6580-2109; Liguori, Giovanni/0000-0002-1617-350X; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363 FU NSF-OCE [1356924, 1419292]; NSF [OCE-0550266, 1357015]; JAMSTEC-IPRC; [DOE-DESC000511] FX We acknowledge the support of the NSF-OCE 1356924, NSF-OCE 1419292, NSF OCE-0550266, NSF 1357015, DOE-DESC000511 and JAMSTEC-IPRC Joint Investigations. The modeling data used in this study are available at www.podx.org. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 21 BP 9440 EP 9448 DI 10.1002/2015GL066281 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2KK UT WOS:000368336800081 ER PT J AU Baidar, S Hardesty, RM Kim, SW Langford, AO Oetjen, H Senff, CJ Trainer, M Volkamer, R AF Baidar, S. Hardesty, R. M. Kim, S-W. Langford, A. O. Oetjen, H. Senff, C. J. Trainer, M. Volkamer, R. TI Weakening of the weekend ozone effect over California's South Coast Air Basin SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; AEROSOL EXTINCTION; ECONOMIC RECESSION; NITROGEN-OXIDES; UNITED-STATES; WEEKDAY; NO2; REDUCTIONS AB We have observed lower nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O-3) during a hot weekend (summer 2010) from aircraft over the entire South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB). Surface concentrations of NO2, O-3, and temperature from 1996 to 2014 corroborate that this lower O-3 on weekends is increasingly likely in recent years. While higher surface O-3 on the weekends (weekend ozone effect, WO3E) remains widespread, the spatial extent and the trend in the probability of WO3E occurrences (P-WO3E) have decreased significantly compared to a decade ago. This decrease is mostly the result of lower O-3 on hot weekends in recent years. P-WO3E is lowest in the eastern SoCAB. The major decrease happened during the 2008 economic recession, after which P-WO3E has stabilized at a 15-25% lower level throughout most of the basin. Future NOx reductions are likely to be increasingly effective at reducing O-3 pollution initially under hot conditions in the coming decade. C1 [Baidar, S.; Oetjen, H.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baidar, S.; Hardesty, R. M.; Kim, S-W.; Senff, C. J.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hardesty, R. M.; Kim, S-W.; Langford, A. O.; Senff, C. J.; Trainer, M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Oetjen, Hilke/H-3708-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; Oetjen, Hilke/0000-0002-3542-1337; FU California Air Resource Board (CARB) [09-317]; ESRL-CIRES Graduate Fellowship FX Surface monitoring station data for this paper are available at California Air Resource Board (CARB)'s Air Quality and Meteorological Information System (http://www.arb.ca.gov/aqmis2/aqmis2.php). CU AMAX-DOAS NO2 data from CalNex are available at http://chem.colorado.edu/volkamergroup/, and O3 data from TOPAZ lidar are publicly available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/groups/csd3/measurements/calnex/data_archiv e/. This work was supported by the California Air Resource Board (CARB) contract 09-317 (R.V.) and an ESRL-CIRES Graduate Fellowship (S.B.). NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 21 BP 9457 EP 9464 DI 10.1002/2015GL066419 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2KK UT WOS:000368336800083 ER PT J AU Jubb, AM McGillen, MR Portmann, RW Daniel, JS Burkholder, JB AF Jubb, Aaron M. McGillen, Max R. Portmann, Robert W. Daniel, John S. Burkholder, James B. TI An atmospheric photochemical source of the persistent greenhouse gas CF4 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERFLUOROACETYL FLUORIDE; RADICALS; TETRAFLUOROMETHANE; HEXAFLUOROETHANE; OZONE AB A previously uncharacterized atmospheric source of the persistent greenhouse gas tetrafluoromethane, CF4, has been identified in the UV photolysis of trifluoroacetyl fluoride, CF3C(O)F, which is a degradation product of several halocarbons currently present in the atmosphere. CF4 quantum yields in the photolysis of CF3C(O) F were measured at 193, 214, 228, and 248 nm, wavelengths relevant to stratospheric photolysis, to be (75.3 +/- 1) x 10(-4), (23.7 +/- 0.4) x 10(-4), (6.6 +/- 0.2) x 10(-4), and <= 0.4 x 10(-4), respectively. A 2-D atmospheric model was used to estimate the contribution of the photochemical source to the global CF4 budget. The atmospheric photochemical production of CF4 from CF3CH2F (HFC-134a), CF3CHFCl (HCFC-124), and CF3CCl2F (CFC-114a) per molecule emitted was calculated to be (1-2.5) x 10(-5), 1.0 x 10(-4), and 2.8 x 10(-3), respectively. Although CF4 photochemical production was found to be relatively minor at the present time, the identified mechanism demonstrates that long-lived products with potential climate impacts can be formed from the atmospheric breakdown of shorter-lived source gases. C1 [Jubb, Aaron M.; McGillen, Max R.; Portmann, Robert W.; Daniel, John S.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jubb, Aaron M.; McGillen, Max R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Jubb, Aaron/G-4538-2013; Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jubb, Aaron/0000-0001-6875-1079; Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; FU NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. The authors declare no competing financial interest. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 21 BP 9505 EP 9511 DI 10.1002/2015GL066193 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2KK UT WOS:000368336800090 ER PT J AU Minschwaner, K Manney, GL Petropavlovskikh, I Torres, LA Lawrence, ZD Sutherland, B Thompson, AM Johnson, BJ Butterfield, Z Dubey, MK Froidevaux, L Lambert, A Read, WG Schwartz, MJ AF Minschwaner, K. Manney, G. L. Petropavlovskikh, I. Torres, L. A. Lawrence, Z. D. Sutherland, B. Thompson, A. M. Johnson, B. J. Butterfield, Z. Dubey, M. K. Froidevaux, L. Lambert, A. Read, W. G. Schwartz, M. J. TI Signature of a tropical Pacific cyclone in the composition of the upper troposphere over Socorro, NM SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTION; SURFACE OZONE; MONSOON ANTICYCLONE; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; TROPOPAUSE LAYER; ASIAN EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; WATER-VAPOR; TRANSPORT; CHEMISTRY AB We present a case study based on balloon-borne ozone measurements during the SouthEast American Consortium for Intensive Ozonesonde Network Study in August-September 2013. Data from Socorro, NM (34 degrees N, 107 degrees W) show a layer of anomalously low ozone in the upper troposphere (UT) during 8-14 August. Back trajectories, UT jet analyses, and data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite indicate that this feature originated from the marine boundary layer in the eastern/central tropical Pacific, where several disturbances and one hurricane (Henriette) formed within an active region of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in early August 2013. The hurricane and nearby convection pumped boundary layer air with low ozone (20-30 ppbv) into the UT. This outflow was advected to North America 3-5 days later by a strong subtropical jet, forming a tongue of low ozone observed in MLS fields and a corresponding layer of low ozone in Socorro vertical profiles. C1 [Minschwaner, K.; Manney, G. L.; Torres, L. A.; Lawrence, Z. D.; Sutherland, B.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Manney, G. L.] NW Res Associates Inc, Socorro, NM USA. [Petropavlovskikh, I.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thompson, A. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Johnson, B. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Butterfield, Z.; Dubey, M. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Froidevaux, L.; Lambert, A.; Read, W. G.; Schwartz, M. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Minschwaner, K (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM krm@nmt.edu RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014 OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920 FU NASA UARP; NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program [NNX12AF05G]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Data from SEACIONS can be obtained at http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/seacions. MLS v4.2 data are available from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center. SEACIONS was supported by the NASA UARP (K.W. Jucks) and grants from the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program (J. Al-Saadi and A. Pszenny) to NOAA (B.J.J.), and to the Pennsylvania State University (A.M.T.) through grant NNX12AF05G. Special thanks to Patrick Cullis and Chance Sterling (CIRES at NOAA/GMD), Gary Morris (St. Edwards University), Michael Herman (New Mexico Tech), and to students who collected data at five SEACIONS sites. Thanks to GMAO for MERRA and other GEOS analyses, especially Krzysztof Wargan for providing the OMI/MLS assimilated fields. Critical support for the Socorro SEACIONS operations was provided by the New Mexico Tech Physics Department, the Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, and Edward Gangemi (New Mexico Tech Research Division). Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 21 BP 9530 EP 9537 DI 10.1002/2015GL065824 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2KK UT WOS:000368336800093 ER PT J AU Beraki, AF Landman, WA DeWitt, D AF Beraki, Asmerom F. Landman, Willem A. DeWitt, David TI On the comparison between seasonal predictive skill of global circulation models: Coupled versus uncoupled SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TO-INTERANNUAL PREDICTION; CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; INDIAN-OCEAN DIPOLE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLES; PREDICTABILITY; PERFORMANCE; RATIONALE; ANOMALIES; IMPACTS AB The study compares one-and two-tiered forecasting systems as represented by the South African Weather Service Coupled Model and its atmosphere-only version. In this comparative framework, the main difference between these global climate models (GCMs) resides in the manner in which the sea surface temperature (SST) is represented. The models are effectively kept similar in all other aspects. This strategy may allow the role of coupling on the predictive skill differences to be better distinguished. The result reveals that the GCMs differ widely in their performances and the issue of superiority of one model over the other is mostly dependent on the ability to a priori determine an optimal global SST field for forcing the atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). Notwithstanding, the AGCM's fidelity is reasonably reduced when the AGCM is constrained with persisting SST anomalies to the extent to which the coupled general circulation model's superiority becomes noticeable. The result suggests that the boundary forcing coming from the optimal SST field plays a significant role in leveraging a reasonable equivalency in the predictive skill of the two GCM configurations. C1 [Beraki, Asmerom F.] South African Weather Serv, Pretoria, South Africa. [Beraki, Asmerom F.; Landman, Willem A.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Geog Geoinformat & Meteorol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Landman, Willem A.] CSIR, Nat Resources & Environm, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [DeWitt, David] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Beraki, AF (reprint author), South African Weather Serv, Pretoria, South Africa. EM asmerom.beraki@weathersa.co.za FU Water Research Commission; Applied Centre for Climate and Earth Systems Science FX The work was supported financially by the Water Research Commission and Applied Centre for Climate and Earth Systems Science. The authors are also gratefully appreciative for the CHPC's computational support. Furthermore, computer hardware obtained through the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development, a collaborative project between Japan and South Africa, was essential for processing massive model output data. The Max-Planck-Institut fur Meteorologie has kindly provided the ECHAM 4.5 AGCM code. The work was also impossible without the NCEP reanalysis product. GCMs data used in the study are available for research purpose on request via the SAWS ftp server (ftp://ftp.saws.co.za; e-mail: asmerom.beraki@weathersa.co.za). NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 21 BP 11151 EP 11172 DI 10.1002/2015JD023839 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DA5DV UT WOS:000367823600007 ER PT J AU Wagner, R Killgore, JP AF Wagner, Ryan Killgore, Jason P. TI Photothermally excited force modulation microscopy for broadband nanomechanical property measurements SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CANTILEVERS AB We demonstrate photothermally excited force modulation microscopy (PTE FMM) for mechanical property characterization across a broad frequency range with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Photothermal excitation allows for an AFM cantilever driving force that varies smoothly as a function of drive frequency, thus avoiding the problem of spurious resonant vibrations that hinder piezoelectric excitation schemes. A complication of PTE FMM is that the sub-resonance cantilever vibration shape is fundamentally different compared to piezoelectric excitation. By directly measuring the vibrational shape of the cantilever, we show that PTE FMM is an accurate nanomechanical characterization method. PTE FMM is a pathway towards the characterization of frequency sensitive specimens such as polymers and biomaterials with frequency range limited only by the resonance frequency of the cantilever and the low frequency limit of the AFM. C1 [Wagner, Ryan; Killgore, Jason P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wagner, R (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ryan.wagner@nist.gov FU National Research Council Associateship Award at NIST FX This work was performed while Ryan Wagner held a National Research Council Associateship Award at NIST. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 20 AR 203111 DI 10.1063/1.4935982 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CX4RT UT WOS:000365688700056 ER PT J AU Zhang, YQ Yamamoto, T Green, MA Kageyama, H Ueda, Y AF Zhang, Yaoqing Yamamoto, Takafumi Green, Mark A. Kageyama, Hiroshi Ueda, Yutaka TI Interlayer Communication in Aurivillius Vanadate to Enable Defect Structures and Charge Ordering SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; OXIDE-ION CONDUCTORS; POWDER DIFFRACTION; LAYERED STRUCTURE; GAMMA-BI4V2O11 POLYMORPHS; FERROELECTRICITY; COMPOUND; PHASES; BI4V2O11-DELTA; ALPHA-BI4V2O11 AB The fluorite-like [Bi2O2](2+) layer is a fundamental building unit in a great variety of layered compounds. Here in this contribution, we presented a comprehensive study on an unusual Aurivillius phase Bi3.6V2O10 with respect to its defect chemistry and polymorphism control as well as implications for fast oxide ion transport at lower temperatures. The bismuth oxide layer in Bi4V2O11 is found to tolerate a large number of Bi vacancies without breaking the high temperature prototype I4/mmm structure (gamma-phase). On cooling, an orthorhombic distortion occurs to the gamma-phase, giving rise to a different type of phase (B-phase) in the intermediate temperature region. Cooling to room temperature causes a further transition to an oxygen-vacancy ordered A-phase, which is accompanied by the charge ordering of V4+ and V5+ cations, providing magnetic (d(1)) and nonmagnetic (d(0)) chains along the a axis. This is a novel charge ordering transition in terms of the concomitant change of oxygen coordination. Interestingly, upon quenching, both the gamma- and B-phase can be kinetically trapped, enabling the structural probing of the two phases at ambient temperature. Driven by the thermodynamic forces, the oxide anion in the gamma-phase undergoes an interlayer diffusion process to reshuffle the compositions of both Bi-O and V-O layers. C1 [Zhang, Yaoqing; Ueda, Yutaka] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Zhang, Yaoqing; Yamamoto, Takafumi; Kageyama, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Dept Energy & Hydrocarbon Chem, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Green, Mark A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ueda, Yutaka] Toyota Phys & Chem Res Inst, Nagakute, Aichi 4801192, Japan. RP Zhang, YQ (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat Res Ctr Element Strategy, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268501, Japan. EM zhang.y.am@m.titech.ac.jp; yueda@toyotariken.jp RI Kageyama, Hiroshi/A-4602-2010 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); MOE Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries affiliated with Jilin University FX This work is financially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). The sponsorship to Y.Z. from MOE Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries affiliated with Jilin University is acknowledged. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 22 BP 10925 EP 10933 DI 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01964 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA CW4SB UT WOS:000364981300051 PM 26502341 ER PT J AU Davis, JL Currin, CA O'Brien, C Raffenburg, C Davis, A AF Davis, Jenny L. Currin, Carolyn A. O'Brien, Colleen Raffenburg, Craig Davis, Amanda TI Living Shorelines: Coastal Resilience with a Blue Carbon Benefit SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA MARSHES; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; SEA-LEVEL RISE; NORTH-CAROLINA; SALT MARSHES; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; WATER MARSH; WETLANDS; ACCUMULATION; FRESH AB Living shorelines are a type of estuarine shoreline erosion control that incorporates native vegetation and preserves native habitats. Because they provide the ecosystem services associated with natural coastal wetlands while also increasing shoreline resilience, living shorelines are part of the natural and hybrid infrastructure approach to coastal resiliency. Marshes created as living shorelines are typically narrow (< 30 m) fringing marshes with sandy substrates that are well flushed by tides. These characteristics distinguish living shorelines from the larger meadow marshes in which most of the current knowledge about created marshes was developed. The value of living shorelines for providing both erosion control and habitat for estuarine organisms has been documented but their capacity for carbon sequestration has not. We measured carbon sequestration rates in living shorelines and sandy transplanted Spartina alterniflora marshes in the Newport River Estuary, North Carolina. The marshes sampled here range in age from 12 to 38 years and represent a continuum of soil development. Carbon sequestration rates ranged from 58 to 283 g C m(-2) yr(-1) and decreased with marsh age. The pattern of lower sequestration rates in older marshes is hypothesized to be the result of a relative enrichment of labile organic matter in younger sites and illustrates the importance of choosing mature marshes for determination of long-term carbon sequestration potential. The data presented here are within the range of published carbon sequestration rates for S. alterniflora marshes and suggest that wide-scale use of the living shoreline approach to shoreline management may come with a substantial carbon benefit. C1 [Davis, Jenny L.; Currin, Carolyn A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat R, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Davis, Jenny L.] Consolidated Safety Serv, Fairfax, VA USA. [O'Brien, Colleen] Eckerd Coll, St Petersburg, FL 33733 USA. [Raffenburg, Craig] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Davis, Amanda] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA USA. RP Davis, JL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat R, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM jenny.davis@noaa.gov FU Defense Coastal Estuarine Research Program; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP); Consolidated Safety Services (CSS) FX This work was supported by the Defense Coastal Estuarine Research Program, funded by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). The funder provided support in the form of salaries for authors [JLD] through a contract with Consolidated Safety Services (CSS). Neither the funding agency, nor CSS had any role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific role of authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 17 U2 65 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0142595 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0142595 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW5XP UT WOS:000365070700050 PM 26569503 ER PT J AU Johnson, KG Neyenhuis, B Mizrahi, J Wong-Campos, JD Monroe, C AF Johnson, K. G. Neyenhuis, B. Mizrahi, J. Wong-Campos, J. D. Monroe, C. TI Sensing Atomic Motion from the Zero Point to Room Temperature with Ultrafast Atom Interferometry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; QUANTUM; COHERENT; STATES AB We sense the motion of a trapped atomic ion using a sequence of state-dependent ultrafast momentum kicks. We use this atom interferometer to characterize a nearly pure quantum state with n = 1 phonon and accurately measure thermal states ranging from near the zero-point energy to (n) over bar similar to 10(4), with the possibility of extending at least 100 times higher in energy. The complete energy range of this method spans from the ground state to far outside of the Lamb-Dicke regime, where atomic motion is greater than the optical wavelength. Apart from thermometry, these interferometric techniques are useful for characterizing ultrafast entangling gates between multiple trapped ions. C1 [Johnson, K. G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Johnson, KG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kale@umd.edu RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 FU Army Research Office; NSF Physics Frontier Center FX This work is supported by the Army Research Office and NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 21 AR 213001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.213001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CW3RS UT WOS:000364910000005 PM 26636850 ER PT J AU Manzello, DP AF Manzello, Derek P. TI Rapid Recent Warming of Coral Reefs in the Florida Keys SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID REGION-WIDE DECLINES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; PORITES-ASTREOIDES; THERMAL TOLERANCE; CARIBBEAN REEFS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROWTH; MORTALITY AB Coral reef decline in the Florida Keys has been well-publicized, controversial, and polarizing owing to debate over the causative agent being climate change versus overfishing. The recurrence of mass bleaching in 2014, the sixth event since 1987, prompted a reanalysis of temperature data. The summer and winter of 2014 were the warmest on record. The oldest known in-situ temperature record of any coral reef is from Hens and Chickens Reef (H&C) in the Florida Keys, which showed significant warming from 1975-2014. The average number of days >= 31.5 and 32 degrees C per year increased 2670% and 2560%, respectively, from the mid-1990 s to present relative to the previous 20 years. In every year after 1992 and 1994, maximum daily average temperatures exceeded 30.5 and 31 degrees C, respectively. From 1975-1994, temperatures were <31 degrees C in 61% of years, and in 44% of the years prior to 1992 temperatures were <30.5 degrees C. The measured rate of warming predicts the start of annual bleaching between 2020 and 2034, sooner than expected from climate models and satellite-based sea temperatures. These data show that thermal stress is increasing and occurring on a nearannual basis on Florida Keys reefs due to ocean warming from climate change. C1 NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Manzello, DP (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Derek.Manzello@noaa.gov RI Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014 OI Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041 FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program FX This study would not have been possible without the dedication and unprecedented foresight of pioneering coral reef scientist, J. Harold Hudson who initiated and maintained in-situ temperature monitoring in the Florida Keys beginning in 1975. I thank NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program for supporting this work and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary for allowing this work to take place (Permits #FKNMS-2008-091 and #FKNMS-2011-049). In particular, Joanne Delaney of FKNMS provided valuable assistance with permitting. R. Carlton, I. Enochs, and G. Kolodziej helped with field work and I. Enochs made figure 2. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the author and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 72 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 16762 DI 10.1038/srep16762 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW0DZ UT WOS:000364660900002 PM 26567884 ER PT J AU Reed, LA McFee, WE Pennington, PL Wirth, EF Fulton, MH AF Reed, Lou Ann McFee, Wayne E. Pennington, Paul L. Wirth, Edward F. Fulton, Michael H. TI A survey of trace element distribution in tissues of the dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima) stranded along the South Carolina coast from 1990-2011 SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Dwarf sperm whale; Kogia sima; South Carolina; Trace metals; Selenium; Mercury ID DOLPHINS STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; HEAVY-METALS; MARINE MAMMALS; CETACEAN PRODUCTS; MERCURY; SELENIUM; JAPAN; CARDIOMYOPATHY; ORGANOCHLORINE; METHYLMERCURY AB Few studies report trace elements in dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima). As high trophic level predators, marine mammals are exposed through diet to environmental contaminants including metals from anthropogenic sources. Inputs of Hg, Pb, and Cd are of particular concern due to toxicity and potential for atmospheric dispersion and subsequent biomagnification. Liver and kidney tissues of stranded K. sima from coastal South Carolina, USA, were analyzed for 22 trace elements. Age-related correlations with tissue concentrations were found for some metals. Mean molar ratio of Hg:Se varied with age with higher ratios found in adult males. Maximum concentrations of Cd and Hg in both tissues exceeded historical FDA levels of concern, but none exceeded the minimum 100 mu g/g Hg threshold for hepatic damage. Tissue concentrations of some metals associated with contamination were low, suggesting that anthropogenic input may not be a significant source of some metals for these pelagic marine mammals. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Reed, Lou Ann; McFee, Wayne E.; Pennington, Paul L.; Wirth, Edward F.; Fulton, Michael H.] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. RP Reed, LA (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. EM LouAnn.Reed@noaa.gov; Wayne.McFee@noaa.gov; Paul.Pennington@noaa.gov; Ed.Wirth@noaa.gov; Mike.Fulton@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 100 IS 1 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.005 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CZ0BZ UT WOS:000366771400068 PM 26386505 ER PT J AU Li, Y Zhu, CJ Deng, L Hagley, EW Garrett, WR AF Li, Yan Zhu, Chengjie Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. Garrett, W. R. TI Versatile, dynamically balanced low-noise optical-field manipulator using a coherently prepared atomic medium SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; QUANTUM LOGIC; GATE AB We propose a versatile dynamic optical-field manipulator using a coherently prepared atomic medium. We show that by locking the pump power change with the two-photon detuning, a pi-phase shifting can be realized with unit probe fidelity in a broad two-photon detuning range. The two-photon-insensitive pi-phase-shift mode with significantly reduced fluctuation makes this scheme an attractive system for low-noise phase-gate operations. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Li, Yan] E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Chengjie] Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garrett, W. R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Zhu, CJ (reprint author), Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. EM cjzhu@tongji.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [11104075, 11504272]; Shanghai Science and Technology Committee [15YF1412400] FX National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (11104075, 11504272); The Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (15YF1412400). NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 22 BP 5243 EP 5246 DI 10.1364/OL.40.005243 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CY0YS UT WOS:000366133400029 PM 26565845 ER PT J AU Yang, JC Manzello, SL AF Yang, Jiann C. Manzello, Samuel L. TI A dimensional analysis on firebrand penetration through a mesh screen SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Firebrand; Ember; Mesh screen; Wildland-urban interface fires AB A dimensional analysis on firebrand penetration through a mesh screen was carried out to correlate the experimental data previously reported in the literature. Three dimensionless variables, one dimensionless time and two dimensionless lengths, were obtained. The resulting dimensionless parameters correlated the data well and may provide a useful framework to assess firebrand penetration through mesh screens, a significant problem associated with the ignition of interior contents of built structures in wild-land-urban interface fires. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yang, Jiann C.; Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, JC (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jiann.yang@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 EI 1873-7153 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 160 BP 114 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.07.098 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CQ6JM UT WOS:000360710600014 PM 26412870 ER PT J AU Webb, MJ Lock, AP Bretherton, CS Bony, S Cole, JNS Idelkadi, A Kang, SM Koshiro, T Kawai, H Ogura, T Roehrig, R Shin, Y Mauritsen, T Sherwood, SC Vial, J Watanabe, M Woelfle, MD Zhao, M AF Webb, Mark J. Lock, Adrian P. Bretherton, Christopher S. Bony, Sandrine Cole, Jason N. S. Idelkadi, Abderrahmane Kang, Sarah M. Koshiro, Tsuyoshi Kawai, Hideaki Ogura, Tomoo Roehrig, Romain Shin, Yechul Mauritsen, Thorsten Sherwood, Steven C. Vial, Jessica Watanabe, Masahiro Woelfle, Matthew D. Zhao, Ming TI The impact of parametrized convection on cloud feedback SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cloud; climate; feedback; convection; parametrization ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; TOPPED BOUNDARY-LAYERS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; PART I; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SENSITIVITY AB We investigate the sensitivity of cloud feedbacks to the use of convective parametrizations by repeating the CMIP5/CFMIP-2 AMIP/AMIP + 4K uniform sea surface temperature perturbation experiments with 10 climate models which have had their convective parametrizations turned off. Previous studies have suggested that differences between parametrized convection schemes are a leading source of inter-model spread in cloud feedbacks. We find however that 'ConvOff' models with convection switched off have a similar overall range of cloud feedbacks compared with the standard configurations. Furthermore, applying a simple bias correction method to allow for differences in present-day global cloud radiative effects substantially reduces the differences between the cloud feedbacks with and without parametrized convection in the individual models. We conclude that, while parametrized convection influences the strength of the cloud feedbacks substantially in some models, other processes must also contribute substantially to the overall inter-model spread. The positive shortwave cloud feedbacks seen in the models in subtropical regimes associated with shallow clouds are still present in the ConvOff experiments. Inter-model spread in shortwave cloud feedback increases slightly in regimes associated with trade cumulus in the ConvOff experiments but is quite similar in the most stable subtropical regimes associated with stratocumulus clouds. Inter-model spread in longwave cloud feedbacks in strongly precipitating regions of the tropics is substantially reduced in the ConvOff experiments however, indicating a considerable local contribution from differences in the details of convective parametrizations. In both standard and ConvOff experiments, models with less mid-level cloud and less moist static energy near the top of the boundary layer tend to have more positive tropical cloud feedbacks. The role of non-convective processes in contributing to inter-model spread in cloud feedback is discussed. C1 [Webb, Mark J.; Lock, Adrian P.] MOHC, Exeter, Devon, England. [Bretherton, Christopher S.; Woelfle, Matthew D.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bony, Sandrine; Idelkadi, Abderrahmane; Vial, Jessica] IPSL, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Paris, France. [Cole, Jason N. S.] Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal CCCma, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Kang, Sarah M.; Shin, Yechul] UNIST, Ulsan, South Korea. [Koshiro, Tsuyoshi; Kawai, Hideaki] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Ogura, Tomoo] NIES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Roehrig, Romain] CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Mauritsen, Thorsten] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Sherwood, Steven C.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Watanabe, Masahiro] AORI, Chiba, Japan. [Zhao, Ming] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Webb, MJ (reprint author), MOHC, Exeter, Devon, England. EM mark.webb@metoffice.gov.uk RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Mauritsen, Thorsten/G-5880-2013; Koshiro, Tsuyoshi/O-7183-2016; Sherwood, Steven/B-5673-2008; OI Mauritsen, Thorsten/0000-0003-1418-4077; Koshiro, Tsuyoshi/0000-0003-2971-7446; Sherwood, Steven/0000-0001-7420-8216; Shin, Yechul/0000-0002-4381-697X; Cole, Jason/0000-0003-0450-2748; Bony, Sandrine/0000-0002-4791-4438 FU Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; European Union [244067]; Programme for Risk Information on Climate Change (SOUSEI programme) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan; Max Planck Gesellschaft (MPG); Basic Science Research Programme through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning [2013R1A1A3004589]; UNIST president fellowship; ARC [DP140101104] FX M.J.W. was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101) and by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 244067 via the EU Cloud Intercomparison and Process Study Evaluation project (EUCLIPSE). M.W. and T.O. were supported by the Programme for Risk Information on Climate Change (SOUSEI programme) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. T.M. was supported by the Max Planck Gesellschaft (MPG). S.M.K. was supported by Basic Science Research Programme through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2013R1A1A3004589). Y.S. was supported by a UNIST president fellowship. S.C.S. was supported by ARC DP140101104. NR 94 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD NOV 13 PY 2015 VL 373 IS 2054 AR 20140414 DI 10.1098/rsta.2014.0414 PG 27 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY2XC UT WOS:000366270500001 ER PT J AU Pershing, AJ Alexander, MA Hernandez, CM Kerr, LA Le Bris, A Mills, KE Nye, JA Record, NR Scannell, HA Scott, JD Sherwood, GD Thomass, AC AF Pershing, Andrew J. Alexander, Michael A. Hernandez, Christina M. Kerr, Lisa A. Le Bris, Arnault Mills, Katherine E. Nye, Janet A. Record, Nicholas R. Scannell, Hillary A. Scott, James D. Sherwood, Graham D. Thomass, Andrew C. TI Slow adaptation in the face of rapid warming leads to collapse of the Gulf of Maine cod fishery SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GADUS-MORHUA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; STREAM; VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; SYSTEMS; OCEAN; US AB Several studies have documented fish populations changing in response to long-term warming. Over the past decade, sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Maine increased faster than 99% of the global ocean. The warming, which was related to a northward shift in the Gulf Stream and to changes in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation, led to reduced recruitment and increased mortality in the region's Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stock. Failure to recognize the impact of warming on cod contributed to overfishing. Recovery of this fishery depends on sound management, but the size of the stock depends on future temperature conditions. The experience in the Gulf of Maine highlights the need to incorporate environmental factors into resource management. C1 [Pershing, Andrew J.; Hernandez, Christina M.; Kerr, Lisa A.; Le Bris, Arnault; Mills, Katherine E.; Scannell, Hillary A.; Sherwood, Graham D.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.; Scott, James D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nye, Janet A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Record, Nicholas R.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. [Scannell, Hillary A.; Thomass, Andrew C.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Scott, James D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pershing, AJ (reprint author), Gulf Maine Res Inst, 350 Commercial St, Portland, ME 04101 USA. EM apershing@gmri.org RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU NSF [OCE-1325484]; Lenfest Ocean Program; Gulf of Maine Research Institute; Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences FX Supported by the NSF's Coastal SEES Program (OCE-1325484; A.J.P., M.A.A., C.M.H., A.L.B., K.E.M., J.A.N., H.A.S., J.D.S., and A.C.T.), the Lenfest Ocean Program (A.J.P., A.L.B., K.E.M., and G.D.S.), and institutional funds from the Gulf of Maine Research Institute (L.A.K.) and the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences (N.R.R.). A.J.P.'s knowledge of fishery management was greatly enhanced by discussions with P. Sullivan, S. Cadrin, J. Kritzer, and other members of the New England Fishery Management Council Scientific and Statistical Committee. M. Palmer provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript and facilitated access to the recent stock assessment. The manuscript also benefited from helpful feedback from J. Hare and two anonymous reviewers. The data reported in this paper are tabulated in the supplementary materials and are available from the referenced technical reports and from the National Climate Data Center. NR 26 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 35 U2 128 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 13 PY 2015 VL 350 IS 6262 BP 809 EP 812 DI 10.1126/science.aac9819 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW3MS UT WOS:000364897000043 PM 26516197 ER PT J AU Gainar, A Stevens, JS Jaye, C Fischer, DA Schroeder, SLM AF Gainar, Adrian Stevens, Joanna S. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Schroeder, Sven L. M. TI NEXAFS Sensitivity to Bond Lengths in Complex Molecular Materials: A Study of Crystalline Saccharides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; TOTAL ELECTRON-YIELD; SHAPE RESONANCES; X-RAY; ORIENTED MOLECULES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FINE-STRUCTURE; PROBING DEPTH; DIFFRACTION; SURFACE AB Detailed analysis of the C K near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra of a series of saccharides (fructose, xylose, glucose, galactose, maltose monohydrate, alpha-lactose monohydrate, anhydrous beta-lactose, cellulose) indicates that the precise determination of IPs and sigma* shape resonance energies is sensitive enough to distinguish different crystalline saccharides through the variations in their average C OH bond lengths. Experimental data as well as FEFF8 calculations confirm that bond length variations in the organic solid state of 10(-2) angstrom can be experimentally detected, opening up the possibility to use NEXAFS for obtaining incisive structural information for molecular materials, including noncrystalline systems without long-range order such as dissolved species in solutions, colloids, melts, and similar amorphous phases. The observed bond length sensitivity is as good as that originally reported for gas-phase and adsorbed molecular species. NEXAFS-derived molecular structure data for the condensed phase may therefore be used to guide molecular modeling as well as to validate computationally derived structure models for such systems. Some results indicate further analytical value in that the sigma* shape resonance analysis may distinguish hemiketals from hemiacetals (i.e., derived from ketoses and aldoses) as well as alpha from beta forms of otherwise identical saccharides. C1 [Gainar, Adrian; Stevens, Joanna S.; Schroeder, Sven L. M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem Engn & Analyt Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schroeder, Sven L. M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem & Proc Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Schroeder, Sven L. M.] DIAMOND Light Source Ltd, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. RP Schroeder, SLM (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Chem Engn & Analyt Sci, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM s.l.m.schroeder@leeds.ac.uk OI Stevens, Joanna/0000-0002-1013-8447 FU EPSRC Critical Mass Grant [EP/1013563/1]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Royal Academy of Engineering, Diamond Light Source Ltd; Infineum UK, Ltd. FX All data supporting this study are provided either in the results section of this paper or in the supplementary information accompanying it. We gratefully acknowledge support for A.G., J.S.S., and S.L.M.S. through an EPSRC Critical Mass Grant (EP/1013563/1). Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Commercial names mentioned in this manuscript are for illustrative purposes and do not represent an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. S.L.M.S. holds the Bragg Centenary Chair at the University of Leeds, which is supported by the Royal Academy of Engineering, Diamond Light Source Ltd and Infineum UK, Ltd. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 12 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 45 BP 14373 EP 14381 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b07159 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CW2BQ UT WOS:000364796500004 PM 26459024 ER PT J AU Kaufman, AM Lester, BJ Foss-Feig, M Wall, ML Rey, AM Regal, CA AF Kaufman, A. M. Lester, B. J. Foss-Feig, M. Wall, M. L. Rey, A. M. Regal, C. A. TI Entangling two transportable neutral atoms via local spin exchange SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; ENTANGLEMENT; INFORMATION; TRAP; IONS AB To advance quantum information science, physical systems are sought that meet the stringent requirements for creating and preserving quantum entanglement. In atomic physics, robust two-qubit entanglement is typically achieved by strong, long-range interactions in the form of either Coulomb interactions between ions or dipolar interactions between Rydberg atoms(1-4). Although such interactions allow fast quantum gates, the interacting atoms must overcome the associated coupling to the environment and crosstalk among qubits(5-)8. Local interactions, such as those requiring substantial wavefunction overlap, can alleviate these detrimental effects; however, such interactions present a new challenge: to distribute entanglement, qubits must be transported, merged for interaction, and then isolated for storage and subsequent operations. Here we show how, using a mobile optical tweezer, it is possible to prepare and locally entangle two ultracold neutral atoms, and then separate them while preserving their entanglement(9-11). Ground-state neutral atom experiments have measured dynamics consistent with spin entanglement(10,12,13), and have detected entanglement with macroscopic observables(14,15); we are now able to demonstrate position-resolved two-particle coherence via application of a local gradient and parity measurements'. This new entanglement-verification protocol could be applied to arbitrary spin-entangled states of spatially separated atoms(16,17). The local entangling operation is achieved via spin-exchange interactions(9-11), and quantum tunnelling is used to combine and separate atoms. These techniques provide a framework for dynamically entangling remote qubits via local operations within a large-scale quantum register. C1 [Kaufman, A. M.; Lester, B. J.; Wall, M. L.; Rey, A. M.; Regal, C. A.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kaufman, A. M.; Lester, B. J.; Wall, M. L.; Rey, A. M.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kaufman, A. M.; Lester, B. J.; Rey, A. M.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Foss-Feig, M.] Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Foss-Feig, M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Regal, CA (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM regal@colorado.edu FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation [1125844]; Clare Boothe Luce Foundation; NSF-PIF; ARO; ARO-DARPA-OLE; AFOSR; NRC postdoctoral fellowship program FX This work was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the National Science Foundation under grant number 1125844. C.A.R. acknowledges support from the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation. M.L.W. and A.M.R. acknowledge funding from NSF-PIF, ARO, ARO-DARPA-OLE and AFOSR. M.L.W. and M.F.-F. acknowledge support from the NRC postdoctoral fellowship program. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 32 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 12 PY 2015 VL 527 IS 7577 BP 208 EP + DI 10.1038/nature16073 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV6RC UT WOS:000364396700039 PM 26524533 ER PT J AU Hildebrand, JA Baumann-Pickering, S Frasier, KE Trickey, JS Merkens, KP Wiggins, SM McDonald, MA Garrison, LP Harris, D Marques, TA Thomas, L AF Hildebrand, John A. Baumann-Pickering, Simone Frasier, Kaitlin E. Trickey, Jennifer S. Merkens, Karlina P. Wiggins, Sean M. McDonald, Mark A. Garrison, Lance P. Harris, Danielle Marques, Tiago A. Thomas, Len TI Passive acoustic monitoring of beaked whale densities in the Gulf of Mexico SO Scientific Reports LA English DT Article ID MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; ECHOLOCATION CLICKS; BEHAVIOR; SENSORS; BIDENS; OCEAN; SOUND; PREY AB Beaked whales are deep diving elusive animals, difficult to census with conventional visual surveys. Methods are presented for the density estimation of beaked whales, using passive acoustic monitoring data collected at sites in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) from the period during and following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2010-2013). Beaked whale species detected include: Gervais' (Mesoplodon europaeus), Cuvier's (Ziphius cavirostris), Blainville's (Mesoplodon densirostris) and an unknown species of Mesoplodon sp. (designated as Beaked Whale Gulf-BWG). For Gervais' and Cuvier's beaked whales, we estimated weekly animal density using two methods, one based on the number of echolocation clicks, and another based on the detection of animal groups during 5 min time-bins. Density estimates derived from these two methods were in good general agreement. At two sites in the western GOM, Gervais' beaked whales were present throughout the monitoring period, but Cuvier's beaked whales were present only seasonally, with periods of low density during the summer and higher density in the winter. At an eastern GOM site, both Gervais' and Cuvier's beaked whales had a high density throughout the monitoring period. C1 [Hildebrand, John A.; Baumann-Pickering, Simone; Frasier, Kaitlin E.; Trickey, Jennifer S.; Merkens, Karlina P.; Wiggins, Sean M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McDonald, Mark A.] WhaleAcoust, Bellvue, CO 80512 USA. [Garrison, Lance P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Harris, Danielle; Marques, Tiago A.; Thomas, Len] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, Observ, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. RP Hildebrand, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jhildebrand@ucsd.edu OI Trickey, Jennifer/0000-0002-6080-8744; Thomas, Len/0000-0002-7436-067X FU Natural Resource Damage Assessment partners [20105138]; US Marine Mammal Commission [20104755/E4061753]; Southeast Fisheries Science Center under Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate [NA10OAR4320156]; Interagency Agreement [M11PG00041]; CIMAGE Consortium of the BP/Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative [SA 12-10/GoMRI-007]; U.S. Office of Naval Research [N000141210418, N00014-07-10988, N00014-07-11023, N00014-08-10990]; U.S. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [SI-1539]; MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland) - Scottish Funding Council [HR09011] FX We thank S. Murawski and S. Gilbert of USF and K. Mullin and M. Soldevilla of the NMFS-SEFSC for project assistance. We thank LUMCON and the crew of the R/V Pelican, as well as I. Kerr and the crew of the R/V Odyssey for assistance with HARP deployment. We thank members of the SIO Whale Acoustic Laboratory including: M. Roch, B. Kennedy, T. Christianson, C. Garsha, B. Hurley, J. Hurwitz, J. Jones, E. Roth, B. Thayre, R. Gottlieb and A. Alldredge. We thank M. Gassmann for access to beaked whale acoustic tracking data, and M. Johnson, P. Tyack and S. DeRuiter for access to beaked whale tag data. Funding for HARP data collection and analysis was provided by the Natural Resource Damage Assessment partners (20105138), the US Marine Mammal Commission (20104755/E4061753), the Southeast Fisheries Science Center under the Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate (NA10OAR4320156) with support through Interagency Agreement #M11PG00041 between the Bureau of Offshore Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program and the National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, and the CIMAGE Consortium of the BP/Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (SA 12-10/GoMRI-007). Whale tracking data was supported by the U.S. Navy Living Marine Resource Program. Whale tag funding came from the U.S. Office of Naval Research (grants N000141210418, N00014-07-10988, N00014-07-11023 and N00014-08-10990) and the U.S. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (grant SI-1539). Funding to support the tag data was also received from the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland) funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions. The analyses and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the funding entities. The GOM beaked whale data used for this study are archived at https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org/data/R1.x135.120:0019/ maintained by the Gulf of Mexico Research initiative. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 12 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 16343 DI 10.1038/srep16343 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV7LA UT WOS:000364453000001 PM 26559743 ER PT J AU Gullans, MJ Taylor, JM AF Gullans, M. J. Taylor, J. M. TI Optical control of donor spin qubits in silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BOUND EXCITONS; ELECTRON-SPIN; RESONANCE EXPERIMENTS; RYDBERG STATES; GERMANIUM; SEMICONDUCTORS; RELAXATION; ACCEPTORS; READOUT; SPECTRA AB We show how to achieve optical, spin-selective transitions from the ground state to excited orbital states of group-V donors (P, As, Sb, and Bi) in silicon. We consider two approaches based on either resonant, far-infrared (IR) transitions of the neutral donor or resonant, near-IR excitonic transitions. For far-IR light, we calculate the dipole matrix elements between the valley-orbit and spin-orbit split states for all the group-V donors using effective mass theory. We then calculate the maximum rate and amount of electron-nuclear spin-polarization achievable through optical pumping with circularly polarized light. We find this approach is most promising for Bi donors due to their large spin-orbit and valley-orbit interactions. Using near-IR light, spin-selective excitation is possible for all the donors by driving a two-photon Lambda transition from the ground state to higher orbitals with even parity. We show that externally applied electric fields or strain allow similar, spin-selective Lambda transition to odd-parity excited states. We anticipate these results will be useful for future spectroscopic investigations of donors, quantum control and state preparation of donor spin qubits, and for developing a coherent interface between donor spin qubits and single photons. C1 [Gullans, M. J.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gullans, MJ (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594 FU NIST; NSF Physics Frontier at the JQI FX We thank G. Wolfowicz, J. J. L. Morton, K. D. Greve, and S. Lyon for helpful discussions, M. L. W. Thewalt and M. Friesen for several insightful comments on the manuscript, and G. Pica and B. Lovett for pointing out several corrections to our calculation of the parity forbidden dipole matrix element in Sec. IIIA. Funding is provided by NIST and the NSF Physics Frontier at the JQI. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 11 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 19 AR 195411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.195411 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CV6UT UT WOS:000364407400005 ER PT J AU Kogan, F Goldberg, M Schott, T Guo, W AF Kogan, Felix Goldberg, Mitch Schott, Tom Guo, Wei TI Suomi NPP/VIIRS: improving drought watch, crop loss prediction, and food security SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL RESPONSE FUNCTION; SATELLITE SENSORS AB Since 1990, the role of satellite observations for climate and land services increased considerably, especially with the introduction in 2011 of the new generation of NOAA operational satellites, called Suomi NPOSS Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP). S-NPP will continue as the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) for the next two decades. The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the S-NPP spacecraft is accommodating the best technical and scientific features of its predecessors and has several new important features. S-NPP and JPSS, in addition to data collection, will address the impacts of climate and weather on industries, water, energy, population health, and other resources and activities. This article discusses how these operational satellites improve early drought detection, monitoring its features (intensity, duration, area, etc.) and prediction of agricultural losses; how fast the Earth's natural resources deteriorate; and whether the current warm climate intensifies droughts and increases its area and duration. These climate services have already become available to the global community (http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/vci/VH/index.php). The S-NPP/VIIRS data permits its users to enhance long-term environmental data records, thereby improving the ability to estimate global warming, land-cover changes, and better monitoring of environmental resources. C1 [Kogan, Felix; Schott, Tom] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Goldberg, Mitch] NOAA, JPSS, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Guo, Wei] IMSG, Rockville, MD USA. RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Felix.Kogan@noaa.gov RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV 10 PY 2015 VL 36 IS 21 BP 5373 EP 5383 DI 10.1080/01431161.2015.1095370 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CW6DA UT WOS:000365086500004 ER PT J AU Li, SM Sun, DL Goldberg, ME Sjoberg, B AF Li, Sanmei Sun, Donglian Goldberg, Mitchell E. Sjoberg, Bill TI Object-based automatic terrain shadow removal from SNPP/VIIRS flood maps SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID 250 M RESOLUTION; IMAGERY AB Terrain shadow is a big challenge to land products such as flood extent and snow cover from moderate-resolution optical satellite data. Because terrain shadows share similar spectral features with floodwaters, they can be easily detected as floodwaters by flood detection algorithms based on spectral features in visible, near-infrared, and short-wave infrared channels, which decreases the accuracy of flood detection substantially. However, because terrain shadows appear in mountainous areas with large surface roughness while floodwaters accumulate in low-lying areas with small surface roughness, analysis on surface roughness between terrain shadows and floodwaters can be very effective to distinguish one from the other. Root-mean-square height, internal height difference, and external height difference are used as principal quantitative surface roughness parameters in this study and calculated upon water objects that are clustered from a group of adjacent water pixels. This object-based method is applied in terrain shadow removal from SNPP/VIIRS (Suomi National Polar Orbit Partnership/Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite) near-real-time flood maps and shows promising results according to the tests with 10,000+ VIIRS granules across global areas. Quantitative evaluation in the northwest of the USA also indicates that more than 99% terrain shadow pixels could be removed from VIIRS flood maps by this method, which significantly improves the accuracy of near-real-time flood detection from SNPP/VIIRS imagery. C1 [Li, Sanmei; Sun, Donglian] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell E.; Sjoberg, Bill] NOAA, JPSS Program Off, College Pk, MD USA. RP Li, SM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM slia@gmu.edu FU NOAA [NA14NES4400007] FX This work was supported by NOAA [grant number NA14NES4400007]. The article's contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV 10 PY 2015 VL 36 IS 21 BP 5504 EP 5522 DI 10.1080/01431161.2015.1103918 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CW6DA UT WOS:000365086500011 ER PT J AU Shao, M Xu, JJ Powell, AM Kogan, F Guo, W AF Shao, Min Xu, Jianjun Powell, Alfred M., Jr. Kogan, Felix Guo, Wei TI Global land vegetation and marine fishery responses to atmospheric and oceanic decadal variability SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC REGIME SHIFTS; NORTH PACIFIC; IMPACTS; TEMPERATURE; OSCILLATION; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS AB The decadal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies, as well as the response of global land vegetation and marine fisheries, are investigated for three periods: 1982-1988, 1989-1998, and 1999-2008, separated by the 1988-89 and 1998-99 regime shifts. The goal is to develop a global-scale ecosystem concept to support an improved understanding of the corresponding changes in atmospheric, oceanic, and biological responses. The analysis is based on global SST, SLP, precipitable water content (PWC), land vegetation condition index (VCI), and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) fish capture data. The results show that SST and SLP displayed significant decadal variability. The decadal variability of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) associated with sea level pressure anomalies (SLPA) has an influence on the land vegetation moisture condition (VCI). Positive SSTA tends to be associated with negative SLPA, and vice versa, in the corresponding ocean areas and most land areas. Consequently, clearly opposing distributions of SSTA and SLPA are observed in the periods 1982-1988 and 1999-2008. With positive SSTA and negative SLPA, VCI tends to increase in value representing more favourable vegetation conditions. Negative SSTA and positive SLPA is generally unfavourable for global vegetation development. The decadal variability of SSTA is closely related to the number of fish species (NFS) doing better or worse based on normalized fish landing data. However, the fishery responses show different yet consistent trends in the three ocean basins. When SSTA is negative, it appears more beneficial for the number of fish species with improved landings in the Atlantic Ocean. However, positive SSTA leads to more fish species with improved landings in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. C1 [Shao, Min] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Shao, Min; Xu, Jianjun] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, GENRI, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Kogan, Felix] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Climate Res & Applicat Div, College Pk, MD USA. [Guo, Wei] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, GENRI, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jxu14@gmu.edu RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011; Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS); Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR); National Nature Science Foundation of China [41305013, 40875028]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2013CB430103] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS), and Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). This work was partially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China [41305013, 40875028] and the National 973 Fundamental Research Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2013CB430103]. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV 10 PY 2015 VL 36 IS 21 BP 5523 EP 5536 DI 10.1080/01431161.2015.1103919 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CW6DA UT WOS:000365086500012 ER PT J AU Stoltzfus, A McCandlish, DM AF Stoltzfus, Arlin McCandlish, David M. TI Mutation-biased adaptation in Andean house wrens SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID DNA METHYLATION; EVOLUTION; DETERMINANT; LANDSCAPE C1 [Stoltzfus, Arlin] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [McCandlish, David M.] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Stoltzfus, A (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM arlin@umd.edu OI Stoltzfus, Arlin/0000-0002-0963-1357 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 10 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 45 BP 13753 EP 13754 DI 10.1073/pnas.1518490112 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV7QY UT WOS:000364470300031 PM 26489650 ER PT J AU Pausata, FSR Chafik, L Caballero, R Battisti, DS AF Pausata, Francesco S. R. Chafik, Leon Caballero, Rodrigo Battisti, David S. TI Impacts of high-latitude volcanic eruptions on ENSO and AMOC SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE high-latitude volcanic eruptions; AMOC-ENSO interaction; volcanism ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE RESPONSE; OCEAN; NORESM1-M; AEROSOLS; HIATUS AB Large volcanic eruptions can have major impacts on global climate, affecting both atmospheric and ocean circulation through changes in atmospheric chemical composition and optical properties. The residence time of volcanic aerosol from strong eruptions is roughly 2-3 y. Attention has consequently focused on their short-term impacts, whereas the long-term, ocean-mediated response has not been well studied. Most studies have focused on tropical eruptions; high-latitude eruptions have drawn less attention because their impacts are thought to be merely hemispheric rather than global. No study to date has investigated the long-term effects of high-latitude eruptions. Here, we use a climate model to show that large summer high-latitude eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere cause strong hemispheric cooling, which could induce an El Nino-like anomaly, in the equatorial Pacific during the first 8-9 mo after the start of the eruption. The hemispherically asymmetric cooling shifts the Intertropical Convergence Zone southward, triggering a weakening of the trade winds over the western and central equatorial Pacific that favors the development of an El Nino-like anomaly. In the model used here, the specified high-latitude eruption also leads to a strengthening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the first 25 y after the eruption, followed by a weakening lasting at least 35 y. The long-lived changes in the AMOC strength also alter the variability of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). C1 [Pausata, Francesco S. R.; Chafik, Leon; Caballero, Rodrigo] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Pausata, Francesco S. R.; Chafik, Leon; Caballero, Rodrigo] Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Chafik, Leon] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Chafik, Leon] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Battisti, David S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Battisti, David S.] Uni Res, N-5008 Bergen, Norway. RP Pausata, FSR (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM francesco.pausata@misu.su.se RI Caballero, Rodrigo/E-4637-2010 OI Caballero, Rodrigo/0000-0002-5507-9209 NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 10 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 45 BP 13784 EP 13788 DI 10.1073/pnas.1509153112 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV7QY UT WOS:000364470300038 PM 26504201 ER PT J AU Shrestha, UR Bhowmik, D Copley, JRD Tyagi, M Leao, JB Chu, XQ AF Shrestha, Utsab R. Bhowmik, Debsindhu Copley, John R. D. Tyagi, Madhusudan Leao, Juscelino B. Chu, Xiang-qiang TI Effects of pressure on the dynamics of an oligomeric protein from deep-sea hyperthermophile SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE protein dynamics; energy landscape; denaturation phase diagram; quasielastic neutron scattering; mode coupling theory ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; EGG-WHITE LYSOZYME; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; THERMOCOCCUS-THIOREDUCENS; X-RAY; RELAXATION PROCESSES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CONSISTENT PICTURE; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; HYDROTHERMAL VENT AB Inorganic pyrophosphatase (IPPase) from Thermococcus thioreducens is a large oligomeric protein derived from a hyperthermophilic microorganism that is found near hydrothermal vents deep under the sea, where the pressure is up to 100 MPa (1 kbar). It has attracted great interest in biophysical research because of its high activity under extreme conditions in the seabed. In this study, we use the quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) technique to investigate the effects of pressure on the conformational flexibility and relaxation dynamics of IPPase over a wide temperature range. The beta-relaxation dynamics of proteins was studied in the time ranges from 2 to 25 ps, and from 100 ps to 2 ns, using two spectrometers. Our results indicate that, under a pressure of 100 MPa, close to that of the native environment deep under the sea, IPPase displays much faster relaxation dynamics than a mesophilic model protein, hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL), at all measured temperatures, opposite to what we observed previously under ambient pressure. This contradictory observation provides evidence that the protein energy landscape is distorted by high pressure, which is significantly different for hyperthermophilic (IPPase) and mesophilic (HEWL) proteins. We further derive from our observations a schematic denaturation phase diagram together with energy landscapes for the two very different proteins, which can be used as a general picture to understand the dynamical properties of thermophilic proteins under pressure. C1 [Shrestha, Utsab R.; Bhowmik, Debsindhu; Chu, Xiang-qiang] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Copley, John R. D.; Tyagi, Madhusudan; Leao, Juscelino B.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chu, XQ (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM chux@wayne.edu OI Chu, Xiang-qiang/0000-0003-4320-5316 FU Wayne State University; National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249] FX We appreciate technical support from Drs. Yiming Qiu and Wei Zhou during the neutron scattering experiments at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research. We are also grateful to Dr. Joseph D. Ng and Manavalan Gajapathy at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, and to Drs. Hugh M. O'Neill and Qiu Zhang at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for their help with sample preparation. This project was funded and supported by Wayne State University. This work used facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-1508249. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 10 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 45 BP 13886 EP 13891 DI 10.1073/pnas.1514478112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV7QY UT WOS:000364470300056 PM 26504206 ER PT J AU Mennemann, JF Matthes, D Weishaupl, RM Langen, T AF Mennemann, J-F Matthes, D. Weishaeupl, R-M Langen, T. TI Optimal control of Bose-Einstein condensates in three dimensions SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ultracold quantum gases; optimal control theory; atomtronics; Gross-Pitaevskii equation; Bose-Einstein condensates; numerical methods ID MATTER-WAVE INTERFEROMETRY; GROUND-STATE; ATOM-CHIP; GASES; PRETHERMALIZATION; SYSTEM; LIMIT AB Ultracold gases promise many applications in quantum metrology, simulation and computation. In this context, optimal control theory (OCT) provides a versatile framework for the efficient preparation of complex quantum states. However, due to the high computational cost, OCT of ultracold gases has so far mostly been applied to one-dimensional (1D) problems. Here, we realize computationally efficient OCT of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation to manipulate Bose-Einstein condensates in all three spatial dimensions. We study various realistic experimental applications where 1D simulations can only be applied approximately or not at all. Moreover, we provide a stringent mathematical footing for our scheme and carefully study the creation of elementary excitations and their minimization using multiple control parameters. The results are directly applicable to recent experiments and might thus be of immediate use in the ongoing effort to employ the properties of the quantum world for technological applications. C1 [Mennemann, J-F] Vienna Univ Technol, Automat & Control Inst, Complex Dynam Syst Grp, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Matthes, D.] Tech Univ Munich, Zentrum Math, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Mennemann, J-F; Weishaeupl, R-M] Univ Vienna, Dept Math, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Langen, T.] TU Wien, Atominst, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. [Langen, T.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Langen, T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mennemann, JF (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Automat & Control Inst, Complex Dynam Syst Grp, Gusshausstr 27-29, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM mennemann@acin.tuwien.ac.at; tim.langen@colorado.edu RI Langen, Tim/I-6357-2012 OI Langen, Tim/0000-0002-2012-2895 FU Hertha-Firnberg Program of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [T402-N13]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [TRR 109]; FWF through the Doctoral Programme CoQuS [W1210]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through a Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship FX Wethank Jorg Schmiedmayer, Wolfgang Rohringer and Alexander Pikovski for helpful discussions. RML is supported by the Hertha-Firnberg Program of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Grant T402-N13. DM acknowledges Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Collaborative Research Center TRR 109, Discretization in Geometry and Dynamics. TL acknowledges support by the FWF through the Doctoral Programme CoQuS (W1210) and by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through a Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 9 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 113027 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/11/113027 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CX7QD UT WOS:000365896200003 ER PT J AU Krayzman, V Levin, I Woicik, JC Bridges, F AF Krayzman, Victor Levin, Igor Woicik, Joseph C. Bridges, Frank TI Correlated rattling-ion origins of dielectric properties in reentrant dipole glasses BaTiO3-BiScO3 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CUBIC PYROCHLORE; CERAMICS; RELAXOR; KBR AB The local structure of the pseudo-cubic solid solution 0.6BaTiO(3)-0.4BiScO(3), which exhibits reentrant dipole-glass behavior, has been determined using the Reverse Monte Carlo method to simultaneously fit (1) neutron and X-ray total scattering data (including the corresponding real-space pair-distribution functions), (2) Bi and Sc extended X-ray absorption fine structure, and (3) patterns of diffuse scattering in electron diffraction. These structural refinements revealed the multi-site probability density distributions for both Bi (14-sites) and Ti (8 sites), whereas Ba and Sc featured normal unimodal distributions. Bi atoms are displaced along both the < 111 > and < 100 > directions, while Ti atoms are shifted along < 111 >. Correlated dynamic hopping of Bi and Ti over their corresponding split sites combined with chemical disorder is proposed as the origin of the strong frequency dispersion observed in dielectric measurements. The existence of split sites also explains the reentrant dipole-glass behavior reported for this system. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Krayzman, Victor; Levin, Igor; Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bridges, Frank] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov FU Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, while it was funded by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No DE-AC52-06NA25396. Portions of this research were carried out at the (i) Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lights Source, a Directorate of the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University; (ii) National Synchrotron Light Source (NIST beamline X23A2), Brookhaven National Laboratory, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886; and (iii) Advanced Photon Source (beamline 11-ID-B). The authors are grateful to J. Siewenie (ORNL) and E. Nelson (SSRL) for their technical assistance with the neutron scattering and X-ray absorption measurements, respectively, and to K. Beyer (APS) and T.-M. Usher (NCSU) for their help with the X-ray PDF measurements. The authors acknowledge the stimulating discussions with I. Reaney (U. Sheffield), who suggested the term "double rattling ion" for the proposed model. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 12 U2 45 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 19 AR 192903 DI 10.1063/1.4935417 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CW5NC UT WOS:000365041300045 ER PT J AU Morigi, G Eschner, J Cormick, C Lin, YH Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Morigi, Giovanna Eschner, Juergen Cormick, Cecilia Lin, Yiheng Leibfried, Dietrich Wineland, David J. TI Dissipative Quantum Control of a Spin Chain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; ENTANGLEMENT; STATES; DECOHERENCE; SIMULATOR; DRIVEN; ATOMS; BITS AB A protocol is discussed for preparing a spin chain in a generic many-body state in the asymptotic limit of tailored nonunitary dynamics. The dynamics require the spectral resolution of the target state, optimized coherent pulses, engineered dissipation, and feedback. As an example, we discuss the preparation of an entangled antiferromagnetic state, and argue that the procedure can be applied to chains of trapped ions or Rydberg atoms. C1 [Morigi, Giovanna] Univ Saarland, Theoret Phys, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. [Eschner, Juergen] Univ Saarland, Expt Phys, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. [Cormick, Cecilia] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, IFEG, Cordoba, Argentina. [Cormick, Cecilia] Univ Nacl Cordoba, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Lin, Yiheng; Leibfried, Dietrich; Wineland, David J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Morigi, G (reprint author), Univ Saarland, Theoret Phys, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. FU German DFG; BMBF (Q.Com); IARPA; ONR; NIST Quantum Information Program FX G. M. and J. E. acknowledge the hospitality of the Ion Storage Group at NIST (Boulder) and support by the German DFG and BMBF (Q.Com). Y. L., D. L., and D. W. acknowledge support by IARPA, ONR, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 20 AR 200502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.200502 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CV6XA UT WOS:000364413900002 PM 26613425 ER PT J AU Lane, SM Smith, CR Mitchell, J Balmer, BC Barry, KP McDonald, T Mori, CS Rosel, PE Rowles, TK Speakman, TR Townsend, FI Tumlin, MC Wells, RS Zolman, ES Schwacke, LH AF Lane, Suzanne M. Smith, Cynthia R. Mitchell, Jason Balmer, Brian C. Barry, Kevin P. McDonald, Trent Mori, Chiharu S. Rosel, Patricia E. Rowles, Teresa K. Speakman, Todd R. Townsend, Forrest I. Tumlin, Mandy C. Wells, Randall S. Zolman, Eric S. Schwacke, Lori H. TI Reproductive outcome and survival of common bottlenose dolphins sampled in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA, following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; Deepwater Horizon; oil spill; reproductive outcome; survival ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; IMPACTS; POPULATION; CONTEXT; COAST; MINK AB Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabit bays, sounds and estuaries across the Gulf of Mexico. Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, studies were initiated to assess potential effects on these ecologically important apex predators. A previous study reported disease conditions, including lung disease and impaired stress response, for 32 dolphins that were temporarily captured and given health assessments in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA. Ten of the sampled dolphins were determined to be pregnant, with expected due dates the following spring or summer. Here, we report findings after 47 months of follow-up monitoring of those sampled dolphins. Only 20% (95% CI: 2.50-55.6%) of the pregnant dolphins produced viable calves, as compared with a previously reported pregnancy success rate of 83% in a reference population. Fifty-seven per cent of pregnant females that did not successfully produce a calf had been previously diagnosed with moderate-severe lung disease. In addition, the estimated annual survival rate of the sampled cohort was low (86.8%, 95% CI: 80.0-92.7%) as compared with survival rates of 95.1% and 96.2% from two other previously studied bottlenose dolphin populations. Our findings confirm low reproductive success and high mortality in dolphins from a heavily oiled estuary when compared with other populations. Follow-up studies are needed to better understand the potential recovery of dolphins in Barataria Bay and, by extension, other Gulf coastal regions impacted by the spill. C1 [Lane, Suzanne M.; Balmer, Brian C.; Speakman, Todd R.; Zolman, Eric S.; Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29406 USA. [Smith, Cynthia R.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA USA. [Mitchell, Jason; McDonald, Trent] Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY USA. [Balmer, Brian C.; Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Barry, Kevin P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS USA. [Mori, Chiharu S.] Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Rosel, Patricia E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Lafayette, LA USA. [Rowles, Teresa K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Townsend, Forrest I.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Ft Walton Beach, FL USA. [Tumlin, Mandy C.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Schwacke, LH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29406 USA. EM lori.schwacke@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 47 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 7 PY 2015 VL 282 IS 1818 AR 20151944 DI 10.1098/rspb.2015.1944 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CW2VC UT WOS:000364850200013 PM 26538595 ER PT J AU Churnside, JH AF Churnside, James H. TI Bio-optical model to describe remote sensing signals from a stratified ocean SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE ocean color; remote sensing; thin-plankton layers; lidar; chlorophyll ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATION; CASE-1 WATERS; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; OCEANOGRAPHIC LIDAR; INVERSION MODELS; PIGMENT PROFILE; THIN-LAYERS; SCATTERING; COLOR AB We use a bio-optical model of the optical properties of natural seawater to investigate the effects of subsurface chlorophyll layers on passive and active remote sensors. A thin layer of enhanced chlorophyll concentration reduces the remote sensing reflectance in the blue, while having little effect in the green. As a result, the chlorophyll concentration inferred from ocean color instruments will fall between the background concentration and the concentration in the layer, depending on the concentrations and the depth of the layer. For lidar, an iterative inversion algorithm is described that can reproduce the chlorophyll profile within the limits of the model. The model is extended to estimate column-integrated primary productivity, demonstrating that layers can contribute significantly to overall productivity. This contribution also depends on the chlorophyll concentrations and the depth of the layer. Using passive remote sensing alone to estimate primary productivity can lead to significant underestimation in the presence of subsurface plankton layers. Active remote sensing is not affected by this bias. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Churnside, James H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD NOV 6 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 095989 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.9.095989 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CX7JZ UT WOS:000365879300001 ER PT J AU Morris, SE Zelner, JL Fauquier, DA Rowles, TK Rosel, PE Gulland, F Grenfell, BT AF Morris, Sinead E. Zelner, Jonathan L. Fauquier, Deborah A. Rowles, Teresa K. Rosel, Patricia E. Gulland, Frances Grenfell, Bryan T. TI Partially observed epidemics in wildlife hosts: modelling an outbreak of dolphin morbillivirus in the northwestern Atlantic, June 2013-2014 SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE dolphin morbillivirus; Poisson process; epidemiology; ecology; statistical modelling; marine mammal pathogen ID PHOCINE DISTEMPER VIRUS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; WESTERN ATLANTIC; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE; INFECTION; CETACEANS; NETWORKS; DYNAMICS AB Morbilliviruses cause major mortality in marine mammals, but the dynamics of transmission and persistence are ill understood compared to terrestrial counterparts such as measles; this is especially true for epidemics in cetaceans. However, the recent outbreak of dolphin morbillivirus in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean can provide new insights into the epidemiology and spatio-temporal spread of this pathogen. To deal with uncertainties surrounding the ecology of this system (only stranded animals were observed), we develop a statistical framework that can extract key information about the underlying transmission process given only sparse data. Our self-exciting Poisson process model suggests that individuals are infectious for at most 24 days and can transfer infection up to two latitude degrees (220 km) within this time. In addition, the effective reproduction number is generally below one, but reaches 2.6 during a period of heightened stranding numbers near Virginia Beach, Virginia, in summer 2013. Network analysis suggests local movements dominate spatial spread, with seasonal migration facilitating wider dissemination along the coast. Finally, a low virus transmission rate or high levels of pre-existing immunity can explain the lack of viral spread into the Gulf of Mexico. More generally, our approach illustrates novel methodologies for analysing very indirectly observed epidemics. C1 [Morris, Sinead E.; Grenfell, Bryan T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zelner, Jonathan L.] Columbia Univ, Robert Wood Johnson Hlth & Soc Scholars Program, New York, NY USA. [Fauquier, Deborah A.; Rowles, Teresa K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal Hlth & Stranding Response Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Rosel, Patricia E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Gulland, Frances] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA USA. [Gulland, Frances] US Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD USA. [Grenfell, Bryan T.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Morris, SE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM semorris@princeton.edu FU RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; NOAA's Marine Mammal Unusual Mortality Event Contingency Fund; John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program FX B.T.G. and J.L.Z. were supported by the RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security, the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health; B.T.G. was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Funding for dolphin data collection was provided by NOAA's Marine Mammal Unusual Mortality Event Contingency Fund, and the John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by NOAA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 EI 1742-5662 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD NOV 6 PY 2015 VL 12 IS 112 AR 20150676 DI 10.1098/rsif.2015.0676 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW7HG UT WOS:000365168200004 ER PT J AU Moses, SA Covey, JP Miecnikowski, MT Yan, B Gadway, B Ye, J Jin, DS AF Moses, Steven A. Covey, Jacob P. Miecnikowski, Matthew T. Yan, Bo Gadway, Bryce Ye, Jun Jin, Deborah S. TI Creation of a low-entropy quantum gas of polar molecules in an optical lattice SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOTT INSULATOR; ATOMS; PROPAGATION; DYNAMICS; FERMIONS; PHASES; SYSTEM AB Ultracold polar molecules, with their long-range electric dipolar interactions, offer a unique platform for studying correlated quantum many-body phenomena. However, realizing a highly degenerate quantum gas of molecules with a low entropy per particle is challenging. We report the synthesis of a low-entropy quantum gas of potassium-rubidium molecules (KRb) in a three-dimensional optical lattice. We simultaneously load into the optical lattice a Mott insulator of bosonic Rb atoms and a single-band insulator of fermionic K atoms. Then, using magnetoassociation and optical state transfer, we efficiently produce ground-state molecules in the lattice at those sites that contain one Rb and one K atom. The achieved filling fraction of 25% should enable future studies of transport and entanglement propagation in a many-body system with long-range dipolar interactions. C1 [Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu; jin@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Yan, Bo/B-3810-2012 OI Yan, Bo/0000-0001-7235-5554 FU National Defense Science and Engineering graduate fellowship; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI); Army Research Office MURI; NSF [1125844] FX We thank Z. Fu for experimental assistance and M. Wall, A. Safavi, K. Hazzard, and A. M. Rey for many useful discussions. Supported by a National Defense Science and Engineering graduate fellowship (J.P.C.), the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI), the Army Research Office MURI, and NSF grant 1125844. NR 46 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 6 PY 2015 VL 350 IS 6261 BP 659 EP 662 DI 10.1126/science.aac6400 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV3MH UT WOS:000364162800045 PM 26542566 ER PT J AU Christensen, BTR Henriksen, MR Schaffer, SA Westergaard, PG Tieri, D Ye, J Holland, MJ Thomsen, JW AF Christensen, Bjarke T. R. Henriksen, Martin R. Schaffer, Stefan A. Westergaard, Philip G. Tieri, David Ye, Jun Holland, Murray J. Thomsen, Jan W. TI Nonlinear spectroscopy of Sr atoms in an optical cavity for laser stabilization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LATTICE CLOCKS; INSTABILITY; PHYSICS; NOISE AB We study the nonlinear interaction of a cold sample of Sr-88 atoms coupled to a single mode of a low finesse optical cavity in the so-called bad cavity limit, and we investigate the implications for applications to laser stabilization. The atoms are probed on the weak intercombination line vertical bar 5s(2) S-1(0)> -vertical bar 5s5p P-3(1)> at 689 nm in a strongly saturated regime. Our measured observables include the atomic induced phase shift and absorption of the light field transmitted through the cavity represented by the complex cavity transmission coefficient. We demonstrate high signal-to-noise-ratio measurements of both quadratures-the cavity transmitted phase and absorption-by employing frequency modulation (FM) spectroscopy (noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical-heterodyne molecular spectroscopy). We also show that when FM spectroscopy is employed in connection with a cavity locked to the probe light, observables are substantially modified compared to the free-space situation in which no cavity is present. Furthermore, the nonlinear dynamics of the phase dispersion slope is experimentally investigated, and the optimal conditions for laser stabilization are established. Our experimental results are compared to state-of-the-art cavity QED theoretical calculations. C1 [Christensen, Bjarke T. R.; Henriksen, Martin R.; Schaffer, Stefan A.; Thomsen, Jan W.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Westergaard, Philip G.] Danish Fundamental Metrol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Tieri, David; Ye, Jun; Holland, Murray J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tieri, David; Ye, Jun; Holland, Murray J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Christensen, BTR (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM bjarkesan@nbi.ku.dk RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Henriksen, Martin Romme/P-5786-2015; Thomsen, Jan W./M-9087-2016 OI Henriksen, Martin Romme/0000-0003-1409-6974; Thomsen, Jan W./0000-0003-3423-6989 FU Danish research council; ESA [4000108303/13/NL/PA-NPI272-2012]; DARPA QuASAR program; NIST; NSF FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from the Danish research council and ESA Contract No. 4000108303/13/NL/PA-NPI272-2012. J.Y. and M.H. also wish to thank the DARPA QuASAR program, the NIST, and the NSF for financial support. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 6 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 5 AR 053820 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.053820 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CV4BX UT WOS:000364211500010 ER PT J AU Kusne, AG Keller, D Anderson, A Zaban, A Takeuchi, I AF Kusne, A. G. Keller, D. Anderson, A. Zaban, A. Takeuchi, I. TI High-throughput determination of structural phase diagram and constituent phases using GRENDEL SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE materials informatics; phase diagram; high throughput materials science ID ENERGY MINIMIZATION; INORGANIC MATERIALS; SEARCH; TOOL AB Advances in high-throughput materials fabrication and characterization techniques have resulted in faster rates of data collection and rapidly growing volumes of experimental data. To convert this mass of information into actionable knowledge of material process-structure-property relationships requires high-throughput data analysis techniques. This work explores the use of the Graph-based endmember extraction and labeling (GRENDEL) algorithm as a high-throughput method for analyzing structural data from combinatorial libraries, specifically, to determine phase diagrams and constituent phases from both x-ray diffraction and Raman spectral data. The GRENDEL algorithm utilizes a set of physical constraints to optimize results and provides a framework by which additional physics-based constraints can be easily incorporated. GRENDEL also permits the integration of database data as shown by the use of critically evaluated data from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database in the x-ray diffraction data analysis. Also the Sunburst radial tree map is demonstrated as a tool to visualize material structure-property relationships found through graph based analysis. C1 [Kusne, A. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Keller, D.; Anderson, A.; Zaban, A.] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Nanotechnol & Adv Mat, IL-5290002 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Takeuchi, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kusne, AG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aaron.kusne@nist.gov RI kiaie, robabeh/I-2157-2016; kiaie, fatemeh/I-6083-2016 OI kiaie, robabeh/0000-0001-5251-3201; NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV 6 PY 2015 VL 26 IS 44 AR 444002 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/26/44/444002 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CU3XL UT WOS:000363459500004 PM 26469294 ER PT J AU Deng, SH Sun, Y Wang, L Shi, ZX Wu, H Huang, QZ Yan, J Shi, KW Hu, PW Zaoui, A Wang, C AF Deng, Sihao Sun, Ying Wang, Lei Shi, Zaixin Wu, Hui Huang, Qingzhen Yan, Jun Shi, Kewen Hu, Pengwei Zaoui, Ali Wang, Cong TI Frustrated Triangular Magnetic Structures of Mn3ZnN: Applications in Thermal Expansion SO Journal of Physical Chemistry C LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ARTIFICIAL SPIN ICE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; FCC IRON; ANTIPEROVSKITE; POLARIZATION; MANGANESE; NITRIDE; ENTROPY AB One of the specific subjects in frustrated magnetic systems is the phenomenon coupled with noncollinear magnetism, such as zero or negative thermal expansion (ZTE or NTE) in antiperovsldte compounds. The first-principles calculations and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) are used to reveal the control of the noncollinear Gamma(5g) antiferromagnetic (AFM) structure and corresponding thermal expansion properties in Mn3Zn0.875X0.125N = Mn, Ge, and Sn). Based on the optimal exchange-correlation functional, our results demonstrate that X (X = Mn, Ge, and Sn) doping at Zn site could stabilize the noncollinear Gamma(5g) AFM structure and produce magnetovolume effect (MVE). The predictions of Gamma(5g) AFM ground state and MVE is further verified by the NPD results of Mn3Zn0.83Mn0.15N0.99. Intriguingly, this special magnetic structure with strong spin lattice coupling can be tunable to achieve ZTE behavior. On the basis of these results we suggest that frustrated magnetic systems with noncollinear Gamma(5g) AFM structure of Mn atoms in Mn3ZnN series of compounds are favorable candidates for a new class of ZTE material. C1 [Deng, Sihao; Sun, Ying; Wang, Lei; Shi, Zaixin; Yan, Jun; Shi, Kewen; Hu, Pengwei; Wang, Cong] Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Deng, Sihao; Sun, Ying; Wang, Lei; Shi, Zaixin; Yan, Jun; Shi, Kewen; Hu, Pengwei; Wang, Cong] Beihang Univ, Key Lab Micronano Measurement Manipulat & Phys, Minist Educ, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zaoui, Ali] Univ Lille1 Sci & Technol, LGCgE Lille Nord France, Polytech Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Sun, Y (reprint author), Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. EM sunying@buaa.edu.cn; congwang@buaa.edu.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Sun, Ying/P-1453-2016; Wang, Lei/O-6298-2015 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51172012, 51472017]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; State Key Lab of Advanced Metals and Materials [2014-ZD03]; Foundation of Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission [Z141109004414063] FX This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos. 51172012 and 51472017), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and State Key Lab of Advanced Metals and Materials (2014-ZD03). The authors also acknowledge the support of Foundation of Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Z141109004414063). NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 5 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 44 BP 24983 EP 24990 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b07225 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CV7EM UT WOS:000364435200036 ER PT J AU Worcester, DL Weinrich, M AF Worcester, David L. Weinrich, Michael TI Hydrostatic Pressure Promotes Domain Formation in Model Lipid Raft Membranes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GENERAL-ANESTHESIA; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; NMDA RECEPTOR; BILAYERS; MIXTURES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; LIPOSOMES; VESICLES AB Neutron diffraction measurements demonstrate that hydrostatic pressure promotes liquid-ordered (L-o) domain formation in lipid membranes prepared as both oriented multilayers and unilamellar vesicles made of a canonical ternary lipid mixture for which demixing transitions have been extensively studied. The results demonstrate an unusually large dependence of the mixing transition on hydrostatic pressure. Additionally, data at 28 degrees C show that the magnitude of increase in Lo caused by 10 MPa pressure is much the same as the decrease in Lo produced by twice minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) of general anesthetics such as halothane, nitrous oxide, and xenon. Therefore, the results may provide a plausible explanation for the reversal of general anesthesia by hydrostatic pressure. C1 [Worcester, David L.; Weinrich, Michael] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Weinrich, Michael] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Huma, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Worcester, David L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Weinrich, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mw287k@nih.gov FU U.S. National Institutes of Health [GM 86685] FX We thank the National Science Foundation and the NIST Center for Neutron Research for access to neutron scattering facilities and Juscellino Leao for providing and helping with pressure equipment. We thank Boualem Hammouda and Jun Liu for help with SANS. Support to D.L.W. was provided by U.S. National Institutes of Health Grant GM 86685 (to Stephen H. White). We thank Dr. Sergey Bezmkov for useful discussions. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply any endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2015 VL 6 IS 21 BP 4417 EP 4421 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02134 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CV7ES UT WOS:000364435800020 PM 26538052 ER PT J AU Domanski, PA Henderson, H Payne, WV AF Domanski, Piotr A. Henderson, Hugh Payne, W. Vance TI Effect of heat pump commissioning faults on energy use in a slab-ongrade residential house SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Air conditioner; Commissioning; Energy efficiency; Heat pump; Space conditioning AB This study seeks to develop an understanding of the effect of commissioning common faults on the energy consumption of an air-to-air heat pump installed in a single-family, slab-on-grade residential house. Through annual simulations of the house/heat pump system, the study found that duct leakage, refrigerant undercharge, oversized heat pump with nominal ductwork, low indoor airflow due to undersized ductwork, and refrigerant overcharge have the most potential for causing significant performance degradation and increased annual energy consumption. Depending on the faults involved, the effects of simultaneous faults were found to be additive, little changed relative to the single fault condition, or well-beyond additive. A significant increase in annual energy use can be caused by lowering the thermostat setting in the cooling mode to improve indoor comfort in cases of excessive indoor humidity levels due to installation faults. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Domanski, Piotr A.; Payne, W. Vance] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Henderson, Hugh] CDH Energy Corp, Cazenovia, NY 13035 USA. RP Domanski, PA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM piotr.domanski@nist.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD NOV 5 PY 2015 VL 90 BP 352 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.05.090 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA CV4ON UT WOS:000364246500038 ER PT J AU Magris, RA Heron, SF Pressey, RL AF Magris, Rafael A. Heron, Scott F. Pressey, Robert L. TI Conservation Planning for Coral Reefs Accounting for Climate Warming Disturbances SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; GULF-OF-MEXICO; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; EL-NINO; GLOBAL TREND; MANAGEMENT; RESILIENCE; FUTURE AB Incorporating warming disturbances into the design of marine protected areas (MPAs) is fundamental to developing appropriate conservation actions that confer coral reef resilience. We propose an MPA design approach that includes spatially-and temporally-varying sea-surface temperature (SST) data, integrating both observed (1985-2009) and projected (2010-2099) time-series. We derived indices of acute (time under reduced ecosystem function following short-term events) and chronic thermal stress (rate of warming) and combined them to delineate thermal-stress regimes. Coral reefs located on the Brazilian coast were used as a case study because they are considered a conservation priority in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. We show that all coral reef areas in Brazil have experienced and are projected to continue to experience chronic warming, while acute events are expected to increase in frequency and intensity. We formulated quantitative conservation objectives for regimes of thermal stress. Based on these objectives, we then evaluated if/how they are achieved in existing Brazilian MPAs and identified priority areas where additional protection would reinforce resilience. Our results show that, although the current system of MPAs incorporates locations within some of our thermal-stress regimes, historical and future thermal refugia along the central coast are completely unprotected. Our approach is applicable to other marine ecosystems and adds to previous marine planning for climate change in two ways: (i) by demonstrating how to spatially configure MPAs that meet conservation objectives for warming disturbance using spatially-and temporally-explicit data; and (ii) by strategically allocating different forms of spatial management (MPA types) intended to mitigate warming impacts and also enhance future resistance to climate warming. C1 [Magris, Rafael A.; Pressey, Robert L.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Magris, RA (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM Rafael.magris@my.jcu.edu.au RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011 FU Australian Research Council; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; Brazilian Ministry of Environment; CNPq-Brazil FX Funding: RAM and RLP are supported by Australian Research Council; SFH is supported by NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. RAM is also supported by Brazilian Ministry of Environment. RAM thanks CNPq-Brazil for financial support. NR 105 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 54 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 4 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0140828 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0140828 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV5GZ UT WOS:000364298400040 PM 26535586 ER PT J AU Serafy, JE Shideler, GS Araujo, RJ Nagelkerken, I AF Serafy, Joseph E. Shideler, Geoffrey S. Araujo, Rafael J. Nagelkerken, Ivan TI Mangroves Enhance Reef Fish Abundance at the Caribbean Regional Scale SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SEAGRASS BEDS; QUANTILE REGRESSION; CORAL-REEFS; COMMUNITIES; NURSERIES; CONNECTIVITY; POPULATIONS; HABITATS; MODELS; FOREST AB Several studies conducted at the scale of islands, or small sections of continental coastlines, have suggested that mangrove habitats serve to enhance fish abundances on coral reefs, mainly by providing nursery grounds for several ontogenetically-migrating species. However, evidence of such enhancement at a regional scale has not been reported, and recently, some researchers have questioned the mangrove-reef subsidy effect. In the present study, using two different regression approaches, we pursued two questions related to mangrove-reef connectivity at the Caribbean regional scale: (1) Are reef fish abundances limited by mangrove forest area?; and (2) Are mean reef fish abundances proportional to mangrove forest area after taking human population density and latitude into account? Specifically, we tested for Caribbean-wide mangrove forest area effects on the abundances of 12 reef fishes that have been previously characterized as "mangrove-dependent". Analyzed were data from an ongoing, long-term (20-year) citizen-scientist fish monitoring program; coastal human population censuses; and several wetland forest information sources. Quantile regression results supported the notion that mangrove forest area limits the abundance of eight of the 12 fishes examined. Linear mixed-effects regression results, which considered potential human (fishing and habitat degradation) and latitudinal influences, suggested that average reef fish densities of at least six of the 12 focal fishes were directly proportional to mangrove forest area. Recent work questioning the mangrove-reef fish subsidy effect likely reflects a failure to: (1) focus analyses on species that use mangroves as nurseries, (2) consider more than the mean fish abundance response to mangrove forest extent; and/or (3) quantitatively account for potentially confounding human impacts, such as fishing pressure and habitat degradation. Our study is the first to demonstrate at a large regional scale (i.e., the Wider Caribbean) that greater mangrove forest size generally functions to increase the densities on neighboring reefs of those fishes that use these shallow, vegetated habitats as nurseries. C1 [Serafy, Joseph E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.; Shideler, Geoffrey S.; Araujo, Rafael J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Nagelkerken, Ivan] Univ Adelaide, Sch Biol Sci, Southern Seas Ecol Labs, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Nagelkerken, Ivan] Univ Adelaide, Inst Environm, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Serafy, JE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM joe.serafy@noaa.gov OI Shideler, Geoffrey/0000-0002-0160-2973; Araujo, Rafael J./0000-0003-3781-2857 NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 40 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 4 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0142022 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0142022 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV5GZ UT WOS:000364298400118 PM 26536478 ER PT J AU Setiawan, F Sengupta, K Spielman, IB Sau, JD AF Setiawan, F. Sengupta, K. Spielman, I. B. Sau, Jay D. TI Dynamical Detection of Topological Phase Transitions in Short-Lived Atomic Systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY-BREAKING; MOTT INSULATOR; FERMI GAS; MAJORANA FERMIONS; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; SUPERFLUID; EMERGENCE; THERMODYNAMICS; COHERENCE AB We demonstrate that dynamical probes provide direct means of detecting the topological phase transition (TPT) between conventional and topological phases, which would otherwise be difficult to access because of loss or heating processes. We propose to avoid such heating by rapidly quenching in and out of the short-lived topological phase across the transition that supports gapless excitations. Following the quench, the distribution of excitations in the final conventional phase carries signatures of the TPT. We apply this strategy to study the TPT into a Majorana-carrying topological phase predicted in one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gases with attractive interactions. The resulting spin-resolved momentum distribution, computed by self-consistently solving the time-dependent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, exhibits Kibble-Zurek scaling and Stuckelberg oscillations characteristic of the TPT. We discuss parameter regimes where the TPT is experimentally accessible. C1 [Setiawan, F.; Sau, Jay D.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Setiawan, F.; Sau, Jay D.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sengupta, K.] Indian Assoc Cultivat Sci, Dept Theoret Phys, Kolkata 700032, India. [Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Setiawan, F (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM setiawan@umd.edu FU LPS-CMTC; JQI-NSF-PFC; University of Maryland startup grants; ARO's Atomtronics-MURI; AFOSR's quantum matter MURI; NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center; NIST FX We thank H.-Y. Hui, S. S. Natu, and J. Radic for useful discussions. F. S. and J. D. S. acknowledge the support from LPS-CMTC, JQI-NSF-PFC and University of Maryland startup grants. I. B. S. gratefully acknowledges funding from the ARO's Atomtronics-MURI, the AFOSR's quantum matter MURI, the NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center, and NIST. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 19 AR 190401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.190401 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CV1NK UT WOS:000364024800001 PM 26588362 ER PT J AU Cao, FY Liu, Y Xu, JJ He, YD Hammouda, B Qiao, R Yang, B AF Cao, Fangyu Liu, Ying Xu, Jiajun He, Yadong Hammouda, B. Qiao, Rui Yang, Bao TI Probing Nanoscale Thermal Transport in Surfactant Solutions SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID REVERSE MICELLES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; AGGREGATION; CONDUCTIVITY; RESISTANCE; SANS; SIMULATIONS; INTERFACES AB Surfactant solutions typically feature tunable nanoscale, internal structures. Although rarely utilized, they can be a powerful platform for probing thermal transport in nanoscale domains and across interfaces with nanometer-size radius. Here, we examine the structure and thermal transport in solution of AOT (Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate) in n-octane liquids using small-angle neutron scattering, thermal conductivity measurements, and molecular dynamics simulations. We report the first experimental observation of a minimum thermal conductivity occurring at the critical micelle concentration (CMC): the thermal conductivity of the surfactant solution decreases as AOT is added till the onset of micellization but increases as more AOT is added. The decrease of thermal conductivity with AOT loading in solutions in which AOT molecules are dispersed as monomers suggests that even the interfaces between individual oleophobic headgroup of AOT molecules and their surrounding non-polar octane molecules can hinder heat transfer. The increase of thermal conductivity with AOT loading after the onset of micellization indicates that the thermal transport in the core of AOT micelles and across the surfactant-oil interfaces, both of which span only a few nanometers, are efficient. C1 [Cao, Fangyu; Xu, Jiajun; Yang, Bao] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Ying; He, Yadong; Qiao, Rui] Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hammouda, B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ruiqiao@vt.edu; baoyang@umd.edu RI Qiao, Rui/B-2350-2009 OI Qiao, Rui/0000-0001-5219-5530 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [1336778, 1463932, DMR-0944772] FX B.Y., F.C., and J.X. acknowledges the financial support from National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant 1336778. Y.L., Y.H. and R.Q. acknowledges the financial support from National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant 1463932. B.H. acknowledges the financial support from National Science Foundation (NSF) under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 4 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 16040 DI 10.1038/srep16040 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV1SE UT WOS:000364037600001 PM 26534840 ER PT J AU Pusede, SE VandenBoer, TC Murphy, JG Markovic, MZ Young, CJ Veres, PR Roberts, JM Washenfelder, RA Brown, SS Ren, XR Tsai, C Stutz, J Brune, WH Browne, EC Wooldridge, PJ Graham, AR Weber, R Goldstein, AH Dusanter, S Griffith, SM Stevens, PS Lefer, BL Cohen, RC AF Pusede, Sally E. VandenBoer, Trevor C. Murphy, Jennifer G. Markovic, Milos Z. Young, Cora J. Veres, Patrick R. Roberts, James M. Washenfelder, Rebecca A. Brown, Steven S. Ren, Xinrong Tsai, Catalina Stutz, Jochen Brune, William H. Browne, Eleanor C. Wooldridge, Paul J. Graham, Ashley R. Weber, Robin Goldstein, Allen H. Dusanter, Sebastien Griffith, Stephen M. Stevens, Philip S. Lefer, Barry L. Cohen, Ronald C. TI An Atmospheric Constraint on the NO2 Dependence of Daytime Near-Surface Nitrous Acid (HONO) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED VERTICAL PROFILES; NITRIC-ACID; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; PHOTOLYSIS; EMISSIONS; AIR; CHEMISTRY; EXHAUST; SOIL; SOOT AB Recent observations suggest a large and unknown daytime source of nitrous acid (HONO) to the atmosphere. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed, many of which involve chemistry that reduces nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on some time scale. To examine the NO2 dependence of the daytime HONO source, we compare weekday and weekend measurements of NO2 and HONO in two U.S. cities. We find that daytime HONO does not increase proportionally to increases in same-day NO2, i.e., the local NO2 concentration at that time and several hours earlier. We discuss various published HONO formation pathways in the context of this constraint. C1 [Pusede, Sally E.; Browne, Eleanor C.; Wooldridge, Paul J.; Graham, Ashley R.; Cohen, Ronald C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [VandenBoer, Trevor C.; Murphy, Jennifer G.; Markovic, Milos Z.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. [Young, Cora J.; Veres, Patrick R.; Roberts, James M.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Young, Cora J.; Veres, Patrick R.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brown, Steven S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ren, Xinrong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tsai, Catalina; Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Weber, Robin; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dusanter, Sebastien; Griffith, Stephen M.; Stevens, Philip S.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Lefer, Barry L.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Cohen, Ronald C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RP Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rccohen@berkeley.edu RI Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Murphy, Jennifer/C-2367-2011; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012 OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 FU California Air Resources Board [CARB 08-316]; NOAA Office of Global Programs [NA13OAR4310067] FX This work was funded by the California Air Resources Board under Contract CARB 08-316 and the NOAA Office of Global Programs (NA13OAR4310067). The authors thank Melinda Beaver, Jason St. Clair, and Paul Wennberg for use of the Bakersfield acid data. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 18 U2 72 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 3 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 21 BP 12774 EP 12781 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b02511 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV6BI UT WOS:000364355300020 PM 26436410 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Liu, K He, JQ Wu, H Huang, QZ Lin, JH Lu, ZY Huang, FQ AF Zhang, Xian Liu, Kai He, Jian-Qiao Wu, Hui Huang, Qing-Zhen Lin, Jian-Hua Lu, Zhong-Yi Huang, Fu-Qiang TI Antiperovskite Chalco-Halides Ba-3(FeS4)Cl, Ba-3(FeS4)Br, and Ba-3(FeSe4)Br with Spin Super-Super Exchange SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PEROVSKITE SOLAR-CELLS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; THIN-FILMS; LI3OCL; PLANE; STATE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; DEPOSITION; EFFICIENCY AB Perovskite-related materials have received increasing attention for their broad applications in photovoltaic solar cells and information technology due to their unique electrical and magnetic properties. Here we report three new antiperovskite chalco-halides: Ba-3(FeS4)Cl, Ba-3(FeS4)Br, and Ba-3(FeSe4)Br. All of them were found to be good solar light absorbers. Remarkably, although the shortest Fe-Fe distance exceeds 6 angstrom, an unexpected anti-ferromagnetic phase transition near 100 K was observed in their magnetic susceptibility measurement. The corresponding complex magnetic structures were resolved by neutron diffraction experiments as well as investigated by first-principles electronic structure calculations. The spin-spin coupling between two neighboring Fe atoms along the b axis, which is realized by the Fe-S center dot center dot center dot S-Fe super-super exchange mechanism, was found to be responsible for this magnetic phase transition. C1 [Zhang, Xian; Lin, Jian-Hua; Huang, Fu-Qiang] Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xian; Lin, Jian-Hua; Huang, Fu-Qiang] Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Liu, Kai; Lu, Zhong-Yi] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing Key Lab Optoelect Funct Mat & Micronano D, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Huang, Fu-Qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. [Huang, Fu-Qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, State Key Lab High Performance Ceram & Superfine, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM huiwu@nist.gov; zlu@ruc.edu.cn; huangfq@pku.edu.cn FU Innovation Program of the CAS [KJCX2-EW-W11]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB04040200]; NSF of China [91122034, 51125006, 51202279, 61376056, 21201012, 11190024]; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai [12XD1406800]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Research Funds of Renmin University of China [14XNLQ03] FX This work was financially supported by Innovation Program of the CAS (Grant KJCX2-EW-W11), "Strategic Priority Research Program (B)" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grants XDB04040200), NSF of China (Grants 91122034, 51125006, 51202279, 61376056, 21201012, and 11190024), and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai (Grant 12XD1406800). K. L. was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China (14XNLQ03). NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 58 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 3 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 15910 DI 10.1038/srep15910 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV0SN UT WOS:000363963400001 PM 26525136 ER PT J AU Kittel, TGF Williams, MW Chowanski, K Hartman, M Ackerman, T Losleben, M Blanken, PD AF Kittel, Timothy G. F. Williams, Mark W. Chowanski, Kurt Hartman, Michael Ackerman, Todd Losleben, Mark Blanken, Peter D. TI Contrasting long-term alpine and subalpine precipitation trends in a mid-latitude North American mountain system, Colorado Front Range, USA SO PLANT ECOLOGY & DIVERSITY LA English DT Review DE synoptic circulation; elevation-dependent climate change; alpine tundra; precipitation orographic ratio; Niwot Ridge LTER; high mountain regions; snow water equivalent; precipitation seasonal cycle; subalpine forest ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; HIGH-ELEVATION SITES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; SIERRA-NEVADA; NIWOT RIDGE; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; FLOWERING PHENOLOGY AB Background: Long-term climate trends in mountain systems often vary strongly with elevation. Aims: To evaluate elevation dependence in long-term precipitation trends in subalpine forest and alpine tundra zones of a mid-continental, mid-latitude North American mountain system and to relate such dependence to atmospheric circulation patterns. Methods: We contrasted 59-year (1952-2010) precipitation records of two high-elevation climate stations on Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range, Rocky Mountains, USA. The sites, one in forest (3022m a.s.l.) and the other in alpine tundra (3739m), are closely located (within 7km horizontally, ca. 700m vertically), but differ with respect to proximity to the mountain-system crest (the Continental Divide). Results: The sites exhibited significant differences in annual and seasonal precipitation trends, which depended strongly on their elevation and distance from the Continental Divide. Annual precipitation increased by 60mm (+6%) per decade at the alpine site, with no significant change at the subalpine site. Seasonally, trends at the alpine site were dominated by increases in winter, which we suggest resulted from an increase in orographically generated precipitation over the Divide, driven by upper-air (700 hPa) north-westerly flow. Such a change was not evident at the subalpine site, which is less affected by orographic precipitation on north-westerly flow. Conclusions: Elevation dependence in precipitation trends appears to have arisen from a change in upper-air flow from predominantly south-westerly to north-westerly. Dependence of precipitation trends on topographic position and season has complex implications for the ecology and hydrology of Niwot Ridge and adjacent watersheds, involving interactions among physical processes (e.g. snowpack dynamics) and biotic responses (e.g. in phenologies and ecosystem productivity). C1 [Kittel, Timothy G. F.; Williams, Mark W.; Chowanski, Kurt; Ackerman, Todd] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Mark W.; Blanken, Peter D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chowanski, Kurt] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Hartman, Michael] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Losleben, Mark] Univ Arizona, Lab Tree Ring Res, Tucson, AZ USA. [Losleben, Mark] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Kittel, TGF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kittel@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1027341] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation through the Niwot Ridge Long Term Ecological Research (NWT LTER) programme under Cooperative Agreement [#DEB-1027341]. NR 127 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-0874 EI 1755-1668 J9 PLANT ECOL DIVERS JI Plant Ecol. Divers. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 607 EP 624 DI 10.1080/17550874.2016.1143536 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DF9UP UT WOS:000371707500001 ER PT J AU Jin, RB Gerrits, T Fujiwara, M Wakabayashi, R Yamashita, T Miki, S Terai, H Shimizu, R Takeoka, M Sasaki, M AF Jin, Rui-Bo Gerrits, Thomas Fujiwara, Mikio Wakabayashi, Ryota Yamashita, Taro Miki, Shigehito Terai, Hirotaka Shimizu, Ryosuke Takeoka, Masahiro Sasaki, Masahide TI Spectrally resolved Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between independent photon sources SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; TELECOM WAVELENGTH; INDISTINGUISHABLE PHOTONS; DETECTION EFFICIENCY; DOWN-CONVERSION; ENTANGLEMENT; INFORMATION; DETECTORS; SYSTEM AB Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between independent photon sources (HOMI-IPS) is the fundamental block for quantum information processing. All the previous HOMI-IPS experiments were carried out in time-domain, however, the spectral information during the interference was omitted. Here, we investigate the HOMI-IPS in spectral domain using the recently developed fast fiber spectrometer, and demonstrate the spectral distribution during the HOM interference between two heralded single-photon sources, and two thermal sources. This experiment not only can deepen our understanding of HOMI-IPS from the viewpoint of spectral domain, but also presents a tool to test the theoretical predictions of HOMI-IPS using spectrally engineered sources. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Jin, Rui-Bo; Fujiwara, Mikio; Wakabayashi, Ryota; Takeoka, Masahiro; Sasaki, Masahide] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol NICT, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Gerrits, Thomas] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wakabayashi, Ryota] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1658555, Japan. [Yamashita, Taro; Miki, Shigehito; Terai, Hirotaka] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol NICT, Kobe, Hyogo 6512492, Japan. [Shimizu, Ryosuke] Univ Electrocommun, Chofu, Tokyo 1828585, Japan. RP Jin, RB (reprint author), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol NICT, 4-2-1 Nukui Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. EM ruibo@nict.go.jp RI Jin, Rui-Bo/E-6504-2016 FU MEXT [15K17477]; Program for Impulsing Paradigm Change through Disruptive Technologies (ImPACT) FX The authors are grateful to S. W. Nam for helpful discussion, and to K. Yoshino and K. Wakui for assistance in experiment. This work is supported by MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists(B)15K17477, and the Program for Impulsing Paradigm Change through Disruptive Technologies (ImPACT). NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 22 BP 28829 EP 28835 DI 10.1364/OE.23.028836 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CY7HJ UT WOS:000366578900072 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ AF Lee, Young Jong TI Determination of 3D molecular orientation by concurrent polarization analysis of multiple Raman modes in broadband CARS spectroscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTALS; MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING; MICROSPECTROSCOPY; DISTRIBUTIONS; POLYETHYLENE; ORDER AB A theoretical description is presented about a new analysis method to determine three-dimensional (3D) molecular orientation by concurrently analyzing multiple Raman polarization profiles. Conventional approaches to polarization Raman spectroscopy are based on single peaks, and their 2D-projected polarization profiles are limited in providing 3D orientational information. Our new method analyzes multiple Raman profiles acquired by a single polarization scanning measurement of broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS). Because the analysis uses only dimensionless quantities, such as intensity ratios and phase difference between multiple profiles, the results are not affected by sample concentration and the system response function. We describe how to determine the 3D molecular orientation with the dimensionless observables by using two simplified model cases. In addition, we discuss the effect of orientational broadening on the polarization profiles in the two model cases. We find that in the presence of broadening we can still determine the mean 3D orientation angles and, furthermore, the degree of orientational broadening. C1 [Lee, Young Jong] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, YJ (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yjlee@nist.gov RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008 OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 22 BP 29279 EP 29295 DI 10.1364/OE.23.029279 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA CY7HJ UT WOS:000366578900117 PM 26561197 ER PT J AU Tchana, FK Lafferty, WJ Flaud, JM Manceron, L Ndao, M AF Tchana, F. Kwabia Lafferty, W. J. Flaud, J. -M. Manceron, L. Ndao, M. TI High-resolution analysis of the v(1) and v(5) bands of phosgene (Cl2CO)-Cl-35 and (Cl37ClCO)-Cl-35 SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE phosgene; high-resolution infrared specta; spectroscopy constants ID ANHARMONIC POTENTIAL FUNCTION; EQUILIBRIUM STRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRUM; STATES AB Fourier transform spectra of phosgene (Cl2CO) have been recorded in the 11.75 and 5.47 m spectral regions using a Bruker IFS125HR spectrometer at resolutions of 0.00102 and 0.0015 cm(-1), respectively, leading to the observation of the (5) and (1) vibrational bands of the two isotopologues (Cl2CO)-Cl-35 and (ClClCO)-Cl-35-Cl-37. The corresponding upper state ro-vibrational levels were fit using Watson-type Hamiltonians and/or a Hamiltonian matrix accounting for resonance effects when necessary. In this way, it was possible to reproduce the upper state ro-vibrational levels to within the experimental accuracy, i.e. approximate to 0.17 x 10(-3) cm(-1). Very accurate rotational and centrifugal distortion constants were derived from the fit together with the following band centres: (0)((5,) (Cl2CO)-Cl-35) = 851.012737(20) cm(-1), (0)((5,) (ClClCO)-Cl-35-Cl-37) = 849.995451(90) cm(-1), (0)((2 +) (3,) (ClClCO)-Cl-35-Cl-37) = 864.42370(50) cm(-1), (0)((1,) (Cl2CO)-Cl-35) = 1828.202514(40) cm(-1) and (0)((1,) (ClClCO)-Cl-35-Cl-37) = 1827.246444(20) cm(-1). C1 [Tchana, F. Kwabia; Flaud, J. -M.; Ndao, M.] Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, LISA, Creteil, France. [Tchana, F. Kwabia; Flaud, J. -M.; Ndao, M.] Univ Paris Diderot, Creteil, France. [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Manceron, L.] Synchrotron SOLEIL, LOrme Merisiers, Ligne AILES, Paris, France. RP Flaud, JM (reprint author), Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, LISA, Creteil, France. EM jean-marie.flaud@lisa.u-pec.fr FU European Space Agency [21719/08/I-OL] FX Part of this work was supported by the European Space Agency through contract No 21719/08/I-OL, "Support to MIPAS Level 2 Product Validation." NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 EI 1362-3028 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 113 IS 21 BP 3241 EP 3246 DI 10.1080/00268976.2015.1015638 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CV0YR UT WOS:000363980300011 ER PT J AU Leonard, RH Fallon, AJ Sackett, CA Safronova, MS AF Leonard, R. H. Fallon, A. J. Sackett, C. A. Safronova, M. S. TI High-precision measurements of the Rb-87 D-line tune-out wavelength SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; ATOMS AB We report an experimental measurement of a light wavelength at which the ac electric polarizability equals zero for Rb-87 atoms in the F = 2 ground hyperfine state. The experiment uses a condensate interferometer both to find this "tune-out" wavelength and to accurately determine the light polarization for it. The wavelength lies between the D1 and D2 spectral lines at 790.032388(32) nm. The measurement is sensitive to the tensor contribution to the polarizability, which has been removed so that the reported value is the zero of the scalar polarizability. The precision is 50 times better than previous tune-out wavelength measurements. Our result can be used to determine the ratio of matrix elements vertical bar < 5P(3/2)parallel to d parallel to 5S(1/2)>/< 5P(1/2)parallel to d parallel to 5S(1/2)>vertical bar(2) = 1.99221(3), a 100-fold improvement over previous experimental values. New theoretical calculations for the tune-out wavelength and matrix element ratio are presented. The results are consistent with the experiment, with uncertainty estimates for the theory about an order of magnitude larger than the experimental precision. C1 [Leonard, R. H.; Fallon, A. J.; Sackett, C. A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Leonard, RH (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. FU National Science Foundation [1312220]; NASA [1502012]; Jefferson Scholars Foundation; U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology FX We are grateful to A. Cronin for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript, and to V. Dzuba for the use of his QED code. The Virginia group was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. 1312220, NASA Grant No. 1502012, and the Jefferson Scholars Foundation. This research was performed in part under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 5 AR 052501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.052501 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CV1JQ UT WOS:000364011400003 ER PT J AU Liu, YY Stehlik, J Gullans, MJ Taylor, JM Petta, JR AF Liu, Y. -Y. Stehlik, J. Gullans, M. J. Taylor, J. M. Petta, J. R. TI Injection locking of a semiconductor double-quantum-dot micromaser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID UNLOCKED DRIVEN OSCILLATORS; HYDROGEN-MASER; CASCADE LASER; QUBIT; ELECTRODYNAMICS; SPECTRUM; PHOTON AB The semiconductor double-quantum-dot (DQD) micromaser generates photons through single-electron tunneling events. Charge noise couples to the DQD energy levels, resulting in a maser linewidth that is 100 times larger than the Schawlow-Townes prediction. We demonstrate linewidth narrowing by more than a factor of 10 using injection locking. The injection locking range is measured as a function of input power and is shown to be in excellent agreement with the Adler equation. The position and amplitude of distortion sidebands that appear outside of the injection locking range are quantitatively examined. Our results show that this unconventional maser, which is impacted by strong charge noise and electron-phonon coupling, is well described by standard laser models. C1 [Liu, Y. -Y.; Stehlik, J.; Petta, J. R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gullans, M. J.; Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gullans, M. J.; Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liu, YY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation [DMR-1409556, DMR-1420541]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative [GBMF4535] FX Research at Princeton was funded in part by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the National Science Foundation (Grants No. DMR-1409556 and DMR-1420541), and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative through Grant No. GBMF4535. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 5 AR 053802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.053802 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CV1JQ UT WOS:000364011400010 ER PT J AU Garrigue, C Clapham, PJ Geyer, Y Kennedy, AS Zerbini, AN AF Garrigue, Claire Clapham, Phillip J. Geyer, Ygor Kennedy, Amy S. Zerbini, Alexandre N. TI Satellite tracking reveals novel migratory patterns and the importance of seamounts for endangered South Pacific humpback whales SO ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE whale; distribution; cryptic habitat; satellite tracking; Oceania; breeding ground ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; WESTERN INDIAN-OCEAN; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CETACEAN DISTRIBUTIONS; PREDATOR DIVERSITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MOVEMENTS; CALIFORNIA; HOTSPOTS AB The humpback whale population of New Caledonia appears to display a novel migratory pattern characterized by multiple directions, long migratory paths and frequent pauses over seamounts and other shallow geographical features. Using satellite-monitored radio tags, we tracked 34 whales for between 5 and 110 days, travelling between 270 and 8540 km on their southward migration from a breeding ground in southern New Caledonia. Mean migration speed was 3.53 +/- 2.22 km h(-1), while movements within the breeding ground averaged 2.01 +/- 1.63 km h(-1). The tag data demonstrate that seamounts play an important role as offshore habitats for this species. Whales displayed an intensive use of oceanic seamounts both in the breeding season and on migration. Seamounts probably serve multiple and important roles as breeding locations, resting areas, navigational landmarks or even supplemental feeding grounds for this species, which can be viewed as a transient component of the seamount communities. Satellite telemetry suggests that seamounts represent an overlooked cryptic habitat for the species. The frequent use by humpback whales of such remote locations has important implications for conservation and management. C1 [Garrigue, Claire] Operat Cetaces, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Garrigue, Claire] IRD, Inst Rec Dev UMR ENTROPIE, Perpignan, France. [Clapham, Phillip J.; Kennedy, Amy S.; Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Geyer, Ygor; Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Inst Aqualie, Projeto Monitoramento Baleias Satelite, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA USA. RP Garrigue, C (reprint author), Operat Cetaces, Noumea, New Caledonia. EM claire.garrigue@ird.fr RI Garrigue, Claire/I-4704-2016 OI Garrigue, Claire/0000-0002-8117-3370 FU Greenpeace International; Fondation d'Entreprise Total; Total Pacifique; Operation Cetaces; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX Funding for fieldwork was partially providing by Greenpeace International for the first year then by Fondation d'Entreprise Total and Total Pacifique the two following years. Y. G. was funded by Operation Cetaces. P. J. C., A. S. K. and A. N. Z. were funded by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 2054-5703 J9 ROY SOC OPEN SCI JI R. Soc. Open Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 2 IS 11 AR 150489 DI 10.1098/rsos.150489 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DO7MV UT WOS:000377967600016 PM 26716006 ER PT J AU Mensch, A Thole, K AF Mensch, Amy Thole, Karen TI Simulations of Multiphase Particle Deposition on a Gas Turbine Endwall With Impingement and Film Cooling SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID MSWI FLY-ASH AB Replacing natural gas fuels with coal-derived syngas in industrial gas turbines can lead to molten particle deposition on the turbine components. The deposition of the particles, which originate from impurities in the syngas fuels, can increase surface roughness and obstruct film cooling holes. These deposition effects increase heat transfer to the components and degrade the performance of cooling mechanisms, which are critical for maintaining component life. The current experimental study dynamically simulated molten particle deposition on a conducting blade endwall with the injection of molten wax. The key nondimensional parameters for modeling of conjugate heat transfer and deposition were replicated in the experiment. The endwall was cooled with internal impingement jet cooling and film cooling. Increasing blowing ratio mitigated some deposition at the film cooling hole exits and in areas of coolest endwall temperatures. After deposition, the external surface temperatures and internal endwall temperatures were measured and found to be warmer than the endwall temperatures measured before deposition. Although the deposition helps insulate the endwall from the mainstream, the roughness effects of the deposition counteract the insulating effect by decreasing the benefit of film cooling and by increasing external heat transfer coefficients. C1 [Mensch, Amy; Thole, Karen] Penn State Univ, Mech & Nucl Engn Dept, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Mensch, A (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amy.mensch@nist.gov; kthole@psu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) through the University Turbine Systems Research (UTSR) program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support and funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) through the University Turbine Systems Research (UTSR) program. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOE. The writers would like to thank Mark Zelesky of Pratt & Whitney, Dr. David Bogard of the University of Texas, and Robin Ames of DOE-NETL for their continued communication and support regarding this research. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2015 VL 137 IS 11 AR 111002 DI 10.1115/1.4031177 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA DN5UX UT WOS:000377137700002 ER PT J AU Dabrowski, C AF Dabrowski, Christopher TI Catastrophic event phenomena in communication networks: A survey SO COMPUTER SCIENCE REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Internet; Communication network; Phase transition; Percolation; Graph theory ID SCALE-FREE NETWORKS; SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS; COMPLEX NETWORKS; 1/F NOISE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; COLLECTIVE DYNAMICS; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; BOND PERCOLATION; CONTACT PROCESS AB With the rise of the Internet, there has been increased interest in the use of computer models to study the dynamics of communication networks. An important aspect of this trend has been the study of dramatic, but relatively infrequent, events that result in abrupt and often catastrophic changes in network state. In the research literature, such catastrophic events have been commonly referred to as phase transitions. As interest in phase transitions in communication networks has grown, different approaches to the study of such phenomena have arisen. These approaches are based on differing goals of the researchers, differing investigative methods, and selection of different causal agents to study. While researchers using various approaches have made progress in understanding phase transition phenomena in communication networks, today there is only an incomplete understanding of the overall state of knowledge on this topic and no agreement on a common explanation of how such events occur in communication networks. To provide better understanding of the work done so far, this paper surveys research on phase transitions in communication networks and summarizes what has been learned. The paper identifies four different approaches taken by researchers studying this topic, describes the scope of the work done, identifies the contributions that have thus far been made, and characterizes differences in views on the nature of phase transitions in communication networks. An assessment is also made of weaknesses in the work that has been done, most notably the lack of realism in network models used to date. This survey discusses characteristics of real-world communication networks that need to be included in such models to improve their realism. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dabrowski, Christopher] NIST, Mailstop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dabrowski, C (reprint author), NIST, Mailstop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.dabrowski@nist.gov NR 174 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0137 EI 1876-7745 J9 COMPUT SCI REV JI Comput. Sci. Rev. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 18 BP 10 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.cosrev.2015.10.001 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA DL7UP UT WOS:000375845900002 ER PT J AU Liu, CI Wang, PJ Mi, J Lee, HY Wang, YT Ho, IF Zhang, C Lin, X Elmquist, RE Liang, CT AF Liu, Chieh-I Wang, Pengjie Mi, Jian Lee, Hsin-Yen Wang, Yi-Ting Ho, I-Fan Zhang, Chi Lin, Xi Elmquist, Randolph E. Liang, Chi-Te TI Weak localization and microwave-irradiated transport in multilayer epitaxial graphene grown on SiC SO MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS LA English DT Article DE weak localization; graphene; microwave ID FEW-LAYER GRAPHENE AB We have studied weak localization (WL) and microwave-irradiated transport in multilayer graphene grown on SiC(0001). Different scattering channels are identified by analyzing the WL data. Moreover, we have shown that at a fixed ambient temperature, irradiating graphene with a microwave appears to be equivalent to changing the ambient temperature without microwave. We find that both the zero-field resistance of graphene and the WL correction term can be used as reliable thermometers which agree well with each other. C1 [Liu, Chieh-I; Ho, I-Fan; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Wang, Pengjie; Mi, Jian; Zhang, Chi; Lin, Xi] Peking Univ, Int Ctr Quantum Mat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Lee, Hsin-Yen; Wang, Yi-Ting; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Elmquist, Randolph E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, CI (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM hyli.ai@gmail.com; gwlzhangchi@pku.edu.cn; xilin@pku.edu.cn; ctliang@phys.ntu.edu.tw RI Liang, Chi-Te/A-3902-2009; OI Liang, Chi-Te/0000-0003-4435-5949; Wang, Pengjie/0000-0002-1427-6599 FU National Taiwan University [104R7552-2]; 973 foundation: NBRP of China [2013CB921903, 2013CB920904]; NSFC [11274020, 11322435] FX CTL acknowledges support from National Taiwan University (grant number: 104R7552-2). CZ was supported by the 973 foundation number: NBRP of China (2013CB921903 and 2013CB920904). XL was supported by the NSFC (Grants No. 11274020 and No. 11322435). NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2053-1591 J9 MATER RES EXPRESS JI Mater. Res. Express PD NOV PY 2015 VL 2 IS 11 AR 115002 DI 10.1088/2053-1591/2/11/115002 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DD6UL UT WOS:000370059900002 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Fu, R Dickinson, R Joiner, J Frankenberg, C Gu, LH Xia, YL Fernando, N AF Sun, Ying Fu, Rong Dickinson, Robert Joiner, Joanna Frankenberg, Christian Gu, Lianhong Xia, Youlong Fernando, Nelun TI Drought onset mechanisms revealed by satellite solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence: Insights from two contrasting extreme events SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Arctic Research Planning CY NOV 10-12, 2005 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK ID GREAT-PLAINS; WATER-STRESS; VEGETATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INDEX; SPACE; SIMULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; TEMPERATURE; NLDAS-2 AB This study uses the droughts of 2011 in Texas and 2012 over the central Great Plains as case studies to explore the potential of satellite-observed solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) for monitoring drought dynamics. We find that the spatial patterns of negative SIF anomalies from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 (GOME-2) closely resembled drought intensity maps from the U.S. Drought Monitor for both events. The drought-induced suppression of SIF occurred throughout 2011 but was exacerbated in summer in the Texas drought. This event was characterized by a persistent depletion of root zone soil moisture caused by yearlong below-normal precipitation. In contrast, for the central Great Plains drought, warmer temperatures and relatively normal precipitation boosted SIF in the spring of 2012; however, a sudden drop in precipitation coupled with unusually high temperatures rapidly depleted soil moisture through evapotranspiration, leading to a rapid onset of drought in early summer. Accordingly, SIF reversed from above to below normal. For both regions, the GOME-2 SIF anomalies were significantly correlated with those of root zone soil moisture, indicating that the former can potentially be used as proxy of the latter for monitoring agricultural droughts with different onset mechanisms. Further analyses indicate that the contrasting dynamics of SIF during these two extreme events were caused by changes in both fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation fPAR and fluorescence yield, suggesting that satellite SIF is sensitive to both structural and physiological/biochemical variations of vegetation. We conclude that the emerging satellite SIF has excellent potential for dynamic drought monitoring. C1 [Sun, Ying; Fu, Rong; Dickinson, Robert] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Joiner, Joanna] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Frankenberg, Christian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gu, Lianhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Gu, Lianhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Xia, Youlong] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Fernando, Nelun] Texas Water Dev Board, Austin, TX USA. RP Sun, Y (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM suny@jsg.utexas.edu RI Sun, Ying/G-6611-2016; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU NASA [NNX13AN39G]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Program, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We thank John Michael Wallace, Kingtse Mo, Ranga Myneni, and Kevin Bowman for helpful discussions, Yasuko Yoshida for providing SIF model products and Xitian Cai for clarification of NLDAS-2 soil moisture datasets. The support for this research came from NASA the Development and Testing of Potential Indicators for the National Climate Assessment Program (grant NNX13AN39G awarded to The University of Texas at Austin). L.Gu was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Program, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The GOME-2 v26 level 3 SIF data are publicly available at http://avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. The GOSAT SIF product is available in Frankenberg et al. [2011b]. The NLDAS-2 products and MODIS fPAR are obtained from http://ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov/nldas/ and https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/, respectively. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 120 IS 11 BP 2427 EP 2440 DI 10.1002/2015JG003150 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DC0LM UT WOS:000368908700020 ER PT J AU Stevenson, S Powell, BS Merrifield, MA Cobb, KM Nusbaumer, J Noone, D AF Stevenson, S. Powell, B. S. Merrifield, M. A. Cobb, K. M. Nusbaumer, J. Noone, D. TI Characterizing seawater oxygen isotopic variability in a regional ocean modeling framework: Implications for coral proxy records SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC CONVERGENCE ZONE; EL-NINO/SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ENSO; NINO AB Reconstructions of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are often created using the oxygen isotopic ratio in tropical coral skeletons (delta O-18). However, coral delta O-18 can be difficult to interpret quantitatively, as it reflects changes in both temperature and the delta O-18 value of seawater. Small-scale (10-100 km) processes affecting local temperature and seawater delta O-18 are also poorly quantified and contribute an unknown amount to intercoral delta O-18 offsets. A new version of the Regional Ocean Modeling System capable of directly simulating seawater delta O-18 (isoROMS) is therefore presented to address these issues. The model is used to simulate delta O-18 variations over the 1979-2009 period throughout the Pacific at coarse (O(50 km)) resolution, in addition to 10 km downscaling experiments covering the central equatorial Pacific Line Islands, a preferred site for paleo-ENSO reconstruction from corals. A major impact of downscaling at the Line Islands is the ability to resolve fronts associated with tropical instability waves (TIWs), which generate large excursions in both temperature and seawater delta O-18 at Palmyra Atoll (5.9 degrees N, 162.1 degrees W). TIW-related sea surface temperature gradients are smaller at neighboring Christmas Island (1.9 degrees N, 157.5 degrees W), but the interaction of mesoscale features with the steep island topography nonetheless generates cross-island temperature differences of up to 1 degrees C. These nonlinear processes alter the slope of the salinity: seawater delta O-18 relationship at Palmyra and Christmas, as well as affect the relation between coral delta O-18 and indices of ENSO variability. Consideration of the full physical oceanographic context of reef environments is therefore crucial for improving delta O-18-based ENSO reconstructions. C1 [Stevenson, S.; Powell, B. S.; Merrifield, M. A.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Stevenson, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Cobb, K. M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nusbaumer, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nusbaumer, J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Noone, D.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Stevenson, S (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM slgs@hawaii.edu OI Nusbaumer, Jesse/0000-0002-4370-3537 FU NSF Ocean Sciences postdoctoral fellowship [OCE-1323104]; NSF [AGS-1049104, AGS-0955841]; National Science Foundation FX This work is supported by an NSF Ocean Sciences postdoctoral fellowship to S.S., OCE-1323104. D.N. and J.N. were supported by the NSF Paleoclimate (AGS-1049104) and Climate and Large-scale Dynamics (AGS-0955841) programs. Computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies. NOAA_OI_SST_V2 data are provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO, USA from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Data from the isoROMS simulations presented here are available on the Earth System Grid Gateway at the National Center for Atmospheric Research: http://www.earthsystemgrid.org. NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD NOV PY 2015 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1573 EP 1593 DI 10.1002/2015PA002824 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA DC0LO UT WOS:000368908900011 ER PT J AU Sherman, K AF Sherman, Kenneth TI Sustaining the world's large marine ecosystems SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem-based assessment and management partnerships; fusion of science and management; large marine ecosystems ID COASTAL WATERS; SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE; FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY; TIME-SERIES; MANAGEMENT; PACIFIC; MAINE; RESOURCES; SERVICES; RECOVERY AB In this essay, I review nearly six decades of a career in marine science and fisheries considering scientific contributions, successes, failures, and changes in my field of practice. My body of work has been in plankton research to support fisheries assessments, and in ecosystems programme development and implementation. I describe my early studies on Pacific plankton oceanography in relation to fisheries assessment, and subsequent studies of plankton oceanography and fisheries in relation to coastal ocean fisheries and management. Early in my career, realizing that applications of my published results and those of other fisheries ecologists were generally not included in fish stock assessments, I participated in a national planning group that introduced a system for marine resources monitoring, assessment, and prediction (MARMAP) that included primary productivity, ichthyoplankton, zooplankton, and oceanographic assessments as important components for large-scale fisheries ecology assessment. I joined with European colleagues in ICES to advance fisheries ecology studies in fish stock assessments in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1983, I conceived with Professor Lewis Alexander of the University of Rhode Island a system for assessing and managing marine resources within the spatial domain of ecologically delineated large marine ecosystems (LMEs). On behalf of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and in partnership with developing countries, international financial organizations, UN agencies, and NGOs, I am currently contributing scientific and technical advice to a global network of assessment and management projects in 22 LMEs with 110 developing countries and $3.1 billion in financial support. The participating countries are applying a modular framework of natural science and social science indicators for assessing the changing states of LMEs. I conclude the essay with a retrospective viewpoint on my career and changes over half a century of practicing the application of marine science in relation to sustaining the goods and services of the ocean Commons. C1 [Sherman, Kenneth] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries, NEFSC, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Sherman, K (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries, NEFSC, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kenneth.sherman@noaa.gov NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 25 U2 36 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 72 IS 9 BP 2521 EP 2531 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv136 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DB1FF UT WOS:000368252700001 ER PT J AU Lough, RG Kristiansen, T AF Lough, R. G. Kristiansen, T. TI Potential growth of pelagic juvenile cod in relation to the 1978-2006 winter-spring zooplankton on the Northeast US continental shelf SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth-survival; individual-based model; juvenile fish; zooplankton ID HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; GEORGES-BANK; GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CENTROPAGES-TYPICUS; COPEPOD POPULATIONS; HABITAT SELECTION; REGIME SHIFTS; LARVAL COD AB Environmental conditions during the pelagic juvenile cod period determine their fitness to survive settlement as demersal juveniles (0-group) and recruitment. This study examines the potential growth of pelagic juvenile cod in five areas of the New England Shelf based on time series of zooplankton and ocean temperature from surveys. An individual-based model was used to estimate the temporal variation in growth of juvenile cod at each survey station based on available prey of appropriate sized copepods of Calanus finmarchicus, Pseudocalanus spp., Centropages typicus, and Centropages hamatus. Mean juvenile cod growth was low(1-7% d(-1)) during January-February and March-April time series across all areas, Gulf of Maine (GOM), Eastern Georges Bank, Western Georges Bank, southern New England to Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB). Growth increased significantly in May-June with the seasonal increase in copepod density and temperature generally from South to North. The 1990-1999 warm years had the highest growth of 12-14% d(-1) compared with the cooler 2000-2006 years and colder 1978-1989 years of similarly lower growth of 8-11% d(-1). Growth in the MAB stayed the same 13% d(-1) as in 1990-1999, whereas GOM growth decreased significantly to similar to 6% d(-1). High prey densities during May-June 1990-1999 for Georges Bank and GOM, followed by a strong decrease in 2000-2006 may explain the decrease in growth during the same periods. While all four copepod species contributed to potential growth, C. typicus, a more southern species, could be the more important prey for juveniles in the coastal areas during all months in contrast to Pseudocalanus spp. for the larvae. Centropages typicus also is the most adaptable and likely species able to expand and thrive under warmer climatic conditions, which could be of significance to future recruitment. Age-1 recruitment for Georges Bank cod was found to be related to juvenile growth. C1 [Lough, R. G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kristiansen, T.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. RP Lough, RG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM gregory.lough@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 72 IS 9 BP 2549 EP 2568 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv145 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DB1FF UT WOS:000368252700004 ER PT J AU Masuda, MM Stone, RP AF Masuda, Michele M. Stone, Robert P. TI Bayesian logistic mixed-effects modelling of transect data: relating red tree coral presence to habitat characteristics SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian methods; cold-water corals; generalized linear mixed model; Gulf of Alaska; logistic mixed-effects model; Primnoa ID SUITABLE HABITAT; SUITABILITY; ABUNDANCE; DISTRIBUTIONS; FISH AB The collection of continuous data on transects is a common practice in habitat and fishery stock assessments; however, the application of standard regression models that assume independence to serially correlated data is problematic. We show that generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), i.e. generalized linear models for longitudinal data, that are normally used for studies performed over time can also be applied to other types of clustered or serially correlated data. We apply a specific GLMM for longitudinal data, a hierarchical Bayesian logistic mixed-effects model (BLMM), to a marine ecology dataset obtained from submersible video recordings of the seabed on transects at two sites in the Gulf of Alaska. The BLMM was effective in relating the presence of red tree corals (Primnoa pacifica; i.e. binary data) to habitat characteristics: the presence of red tree corals is highly associated with bedrock as the primary substrate (estimated odds ratio 9-19), high to very high seabed roughness (estimated odds ratio 3-5), and medium to high slope (estimated odds ratio 2-3). The covariate depth was less important at the sites. We also demonstrate and compare two methods of model checking: full and mixed posterior predictive assessments, the latter of which provided a more realistic assessment, and we calculate the variance partition coefficient for reporting the variation explained by multiple levels of the hierarchical model. C1 [Masuda, Michele M.; Stone, Robert P.] TSMRI, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Masuda, MM (reprint author), TSMRI, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM michele.masuda@noaa.gov FU Habitat Conservation Division of NOAA's Alaska Regional Office FX We thank Delta Oceanographics and the captain and crew of the RV Velero IV for their assistance and support. The field project was funded by the Habitat Conservation Division of NOAA's Alaska Regional Office. Our thanks are extended to Mike Sigler and Mark Carls of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, James Thorson of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and one anonymous reviewer for their insightful comments that improved the final version of the manuscript. Finally, we humbly acknowledge the esteemed statistician G.E.P. Box who at the age of 93 expressed in his memoir that statistics should be divided into two disciplines: one theoretical and one that could be called "Technometrics". He further stated that courses in technometrics should "...concentrate on problem solving using the statistical design and analysis of investigations and avoid specious assumptions such as the independence of sequential data" (Box, 2013). The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 72 IS 9 BP 2674 EP 2683 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv163 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DB1FF UT WOS:000368252700015 ER PT J AU Iwamoto, EM Elz, AE Garcia-De Leon, FJ Silva-Segundo, CA Ford, MJ Palsson, WA Gustafson, RG AF Iwamoto, Eric M. Elz, Anna E. Garcia-De Leon, Francisco J. Silva-Segundo, Claudia A. Ford, Michael J. Palsson, Wayne A. Gustafson, Richard G. TI Microsatellite DNA analysis of Pacific hake Merluccius productus population structure in the Salish Sea SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pacific Northwest; Puget Sound; species of concern ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ROCKFISH SEBASTES-CAURINUS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; COASTAL ATLANTIC COD; EUROPEAN HAKE; NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC; CONSERVATION UNITS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; MARKERS REVEAL AB This study presents the first microsatellite DNA study of population structure of Pacific hake, Merluccius productus (also known as Pacific whiting) within the Salish Sea, which has been identified as a distinct population segment under the US Endangered Species Act and is currently listed as a federal Species of Concern. In contrast, a separate coastal stock component of Pacific hake represents the most abundant commercial groundfish species on the US West Coast. We surveyed variation at 10 microsatellite DNA loci in a total of 655 individuals from three Salish Sea locations (Port Susan (PTS) and Dabob Bay in Washington and south-central Strait of Georgia (SOG) in British Columbia), three coastal locations (two off southern California and one in the Gulf of Alaska), and the Northern Gulf of California (GOC), Mexico. No significant differences were detected among temporal samples from both PTS and SOG locations. Multilocus measures of population subdivision between coastal and Salish Sea populations (all pairwise F-ST >= 0.03) and between PTS and SOG populations (F-ST >= 0.01) suggest a moderate degree of demographic isolation among these spawning populations. No significant genetic differences were found among the three coastal Pacific hake samples; however, Pacific hake from the GOC were significantly differentiated from both coastal (F-ST > 0.05) and Salish Sea (F-ST >= 0.03) Pacific hake. Correlations between genetic and geographic distance showed that Pacific hake display a very strong isolation by distance signal, both over the whole study area (similar to 4500 km; r(2) = 0.94) and within the Salish Sea (similar to 280 km; r(2) = 0.72). This study suggests that PTS and SOG populations are to some extent demographically isolated from each other. C1 [Iwamoto, Eric M.; Elz, Anna E.; Ford, Michael J.; Gustafson, Richard G.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Garcia-De Leon, Francisco J.; Silva-Segundo, Claudia A.] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Lab Genet Conservac, La Paz 23090, Bcs, Mexico. [Palsson, Wayne A.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Gustafson, RG (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM rick.gustafson@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries' Office of Protected Resources; Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentacion; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Mexico (SAGARPA-CONACYT) [2005-12058, 2003-C01-047]; CONACYT fellowships FX We thank the crew of the FV Chasina, James West (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife), and Sharon Howard (Northwest Fisheries Science Center) (NWFSC) for assistance in sampling in Puget Sound; Gail Jewsbury, Mark Saunders, and Gordon (Sandy) McFarlane of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) for providing samples from the Strait of Georgia; and Mark Saunders of DFO and Larry Hufnagle, Tonya Ramsey, and Herb Sanborn of the NWFSC for providing samples of coastal hake. Northern Gulf of California hake samples were provided by Manuel Nevarez of Instituto Nacional de Pesca (Mexico). David Teel, Jim Myers, Linda Park, Jeff Hard (NWFSC), and Fred Utter (University of Washington) reviewed previous versions of the manuscript. We also thank two anonymous peer reviewers for providing valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, and Damon Holzer (NWFSC) for his expertise in mapmaking and generation of the matrix of geographic distances between sampling sites. This study was partially supported by two Species of Concern Internal Grants from NOAA Fisheries' Office of Protected Resources. This study was also partially funded by the Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentacion and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Mexico (SAGARPA-CONACYT grants 2005-12058 and 2003-C01-047). CASS received CONACYT fellowships. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 72 IS 9 BP 2720 EP 2731 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv146 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DB1FF UT WOS:000368252700019 ER PT J AU Penczek, J Kelley, EF Boynton, PA AF Penczek, John Kelley, Edward F. Boynton, Paul A. TI General framework for measuring the optical characteristics of displays under ambient illumination SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY LA English DT Article DE daylight readability; transparent display; reflectance; transmittance; ambient contrast ratio; ambient color; ambient illumination; reflectance factor; transmittance factor ID REFLECTANCE AB A measurement and analysis framework is described that allows a generalized treatment of display ambient performance. The proposed methodology considers the reflection and transmission properties of the display in order to evaluate its on-screen characteristics under arbitrary illumination conditions. New transmission methods and metrics are developed to compliment the traditional reflection methods. The utility of this framework is demonstrated by evaluating the photometric and colorimetric qualities of an LCD and OLED transparent display for a wide range of ambient lighting environments. C1 [Penczek, John] Univ Colorado, Boulder & Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kelley, Edward F.] LLC Longmont, KELTEK, Boulder, CO USA. [Boynton, Paul A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Penczek, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder & Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM john.penczek@nist.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1071-0922 EI 1938-3657 J9 J SOC INF DISPLAY JI J. Soc. Inf. Disp. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 23 IS 11 BP 529 EP 542 DI 10.1002/jsid.395 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA DA8UN UT WOS:000368082000004 ER PT J AU Atlas, R Bucci, L Annane, B Hoffman, R Murillo, S AF Atlas, Robert Bucci, Lisa Annane, Bachir Hoffman, Ross Murillo, Shirley TI Observing System Simulation Experiments to Assess the Potential Impact of New Observing Systems on Hurricane Forecasting SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE OSSE; hurricane forecasting ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WEATHER PREDICTION; DATA ASSIMILATION; INITIALIZATION; CYCLONES; MODEL; NASA AB Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSES) are an important tool for evaluating the potential impact of new or proposed observing systems, as well as methodology for assimilating new observations. Extensive OSSEs have been conducted at the National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight center (GSFC) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory tory (AOML) over the last three decade. These OSSEs determined correctly the quantitative potential to several proposed satellite observing systems to improve weather analysis and prediction prior to their launch, evaluated trade-offs orbits coverage and accuracy for space-based wind lidars and were used in the development of the methodology that led to the first beneficial impacts of satellite surface wind on numerical weather Prediction. This paper summarizes early applications of global OSSEs to hurricane track forecasting and new experiments using both global and regional models. These latter experiments are aimed at assessing potential impact on hurricane track and intensity prediction over the oceans and at landfall. C1 [Atlas, Robert; Bucci, Lisa; Annane, Bachir; Hoffman, Ross; Murillo, Shirley] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bucci, Lisa; Annane, Bachir; Hoffman, Ross] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Atlas, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI Annane, Bachir/A-3399-2017; Murillo, Shirley/C-3259-2014; Bucci, Lisa/C-3284-2014; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011 OI Murillo, Shirley/0000-0002-2075-8682; Bucci, Lisa/0000-0002-2706-3795; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 BP 140 EP 148 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA DA8JD UT WOS:000368050000016 ER PT J AU Atlas, R Tallapragada, V Gopalakrishnan, S AF Atlas, Robert Tallapragada, Vijay Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman TI Advances in Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasts SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hurricane; Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP); Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF) ID PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; HWRF SYSTEM; HURRICANE; RESOLUTION; MODEL; PHYSICS AB NOAA established the 10-year Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) to accelerate the improvement of forecasts and warnings of tropical cyclones and to enhance mitigation and preparedness by increased confidence in those forecasts. Specific goals incluse reducing track and intensity errors by 20% in 5 years and 50% in 10 years and extending the useful range of hurricane forecasts to 7 days. Under HFIP, there have been significant improvements to NOAA's operational hurricane prediction model resulting in increased accuracy in the numerical guidance for tropical cyclone intensity predictions. This paper documents many of the improvements that have been accompolished over the last 5 years, as well as some future research directions that are being pursued. C1 [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Tallapragada, Vijay] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Atlas, Robert; Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Atlas, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /I-5773-2013; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011 OI Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /0000-0003-1384-7860; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 BP 149 EP 160 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA DA8JD UT WOS:000368050000017 ER PT J AU Gettings, KB Kiesler, KM Vallone, PM AF Gettings, Katherine Butler Kiesler, Kevin M. Vallone, Peter M. TI Performance of a next generation sequencing SNP assay on degraded DNA SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Degraded DNA; Next generation sequencing; SNP; STR; InDel ID HUMAN IDENTIFICATION; PCR PURIFICATION; US POPULATION; ANCESTRY; SAMPLES; LOCI; TOOL AB Forensic DNA casework samples are often of insufficient quantity or quality to generate full profiles by conventional DNA typing methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of short tandem repeat (STR) loci is inherently limited in samples containing degraded DNA, as the cumulative size of repeat regions, primer binding regions, and flanking sequence is necessarily larger than the PCR template. Additionally, traditional capillary electrophoresis (CE) assay design further inherently limits shortening amplicons because the markers must be separated by size. Non-traditional markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion deletion polymorphisms (InDels), may yield more information from challenging samples due to their smaller amplicon size. In this study, the performance of a next generation sequencing (NGS) SNP assay and CE-based STR, mini-STR, and InDel assays was evaluated with a series of fragmented, size-selected samples. Information obtained from the NGS SNP assay exhibited higher overall inverse random match probability (1/RMP) values compared to the CE-based typing assays, with particular benefit for fragment sizes <= 150 base pairs (bp). The InDel, mini-STR, and NGS SNP assays all had similar percentages of loci with reportable alleles at this level of degradation; however, the relatively fewer number of loci in the InDel and mini-STR assays results in the NGS SNP assay having at least nine orders of magnitude higher 1/RMP values. In addition, the NGS SNP assay and three CE-based assays (two STR and one InDel assay) were tested using a dilution series consisting of 0.5 ng, 0.1 ng, and 0.05 ng non-degraded DNA. All tested assays showed similar percentages of loci with reportable alleles at these levels of input DNA; however, due to the larger number of loci, the NGS SNP assay and the larger of the two tested CE-based STR assays both resulted in considerably higher 1/RMP values than the other assays. These results indicate the potential advantage of NGS SNP assays for forensic analysis of degraded DNA samples. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Gettings, Katherine Butler; Kiesler, Kevin M.; Vallone, Peter M.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gettings, KB (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) [DJF-13-0100-PR-0000080] FX The authors express gratitude to Thermo Fisher for providing primer pools, technical guidance, and feedback. Sharon Wootton at Thermo Fisher conducted the SNP LD evaluation and compiled SNP allele frequency data that were used in this study. Christopher Phillips at the University of Santiago de Campostela provided guidance for the SNP LD evaluation. This work was funded in part by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) interagency agreement DJF-13-0100-PR-0000080: "DNA as a Biometric". Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Departments of Commerce or Justice. Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 19 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.04.010 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA DA0TL UT WOS:000367510300002 PM 26036183 ER PT J AU Santos, C Fondevila, M Ballard, D Banemann, R Bento, AM Borsting, C Branicki, W Brisighelli, F Burrington, M Capal, T Chaitanya, L Daniel, R Decroyer, V England, R Gettings, KB Gross, TE Haas, C Harteveld, J Hoff-Olsen, P Hoffmann, A Kayser, M Kohler, P Linacre, A Mayr-Eduardoff, M McGovern, C Morling, N O'Donnell, G Parson, W Pascali, VL Porto, MJ Roseth, A Schneider, PM Sijen, T Stenzl, V Court, DS Templeton, JE Turanska, M Vallone, PM van Oorschot, RAH Zatkalikova, L Carracedo, A Phillips, C AF Santos, C. Fondevila, M. Ballard, D. Banemann, R. Bento, A. M. Borsting, C. Branicki, W. Brisighelli, F. Burrington, M. Capal, T. Chaitanya, L. Daniel, R. Decroyer, V. England, R. Gettings, K. B. Gross, T. E. Haas, C. Harteveld, J. Hoff-Olsen, P. Hoffmann, A. Kayser, M. Kohler, P. Linacre, A. Mayr-Eduardoff, M. McGovern, C. Morling, N. O'Donnell, G. Parson, W. Pascali, V. L. Porto, M. J. Roseth, A. Schneider, P. M. Sijen, T. Stenzl, V. Court, D. Syndercombe Templeton, J. E. Turanska, M. Vallone, P. M. van Oorschot, R. A. H. Zatkalikova, L. Carracedo, A. Phillips, C. CA EUROFORGEN-NoE Consortium TI Forensic ancestry analysis with two capillary electrophoresis ancestry informative marker (AIM) panels: Results of a collaborative EDNAP exercise SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Ancestry; SNPs; Indels; Aims; Bayes analysis; Principal component analysis (PCA) ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; EYE COLOR; IDENTIFICATION; PREDICTION; SYSTEM; ASSAY AB There is increasing interest in forensic ancestry tests, which are part of a growing number of DNA analyses that can enhance routine profiling by obtaining additional genetic information about unidentified DNA donors. Nearly all ancestry tests use single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but these currently rely on SNaPshot single base extension chemistry that can fail to detect mixed DNA. Insertion-deletion polymorphism (Indel) tests have been developed using dye-labeled primers that allow direct capillary electrophoresis detection of PCR products (PCR-to-CE). PCR-to-CE maintains the direct relationship between input DNA and signal strength as each marker is detected with a single dye, so mixed DNA is more reliably detected. We report the results of a collaborative inter-laboratory exercise of 19 participants (15 from the EDNAP European DNA Profiling group) that assessed a 34-plex SNP test using SNaPshot and a 46-plex Indel test using PCR-to-CE. Laboratories were asked to type five samples with different ancestries and detect an additional mixed DNA sample. Statistical inference of ancestry was made by participants using the Snipper online Bayes analysis portal plus an optional PCA module that analyzes the genotype data alongside calculation of Bayes likelihood ratios. Exercise results indicated consistent genotyping performance from both tests, reaching a particularly high level of reliability for the Indel test. SNP genotyping gave 93.5% concordance (compared to the organizing laboratory's data) that rose to 97.3% excluding one laboratory with a large number of miscalled genotypes. Indel genotyping gave a higher concordance rate of 99.8% and a reduced no-call rate compared to SNP analysis. All participants detected the mixture from their Indel peak height data and successfully assigned the correct ancestry to the other samples using Snipper, with the exception of one laboratory with SNP miscalls that incorrectly assigned ancestry of two samples and did not obtain informative likelihood ratios for a third. Therefore, successful ancestry assignments were achieved by participants in 92 of 95 Snipper analyses. This exercise demonstrates that ancestry inference tests based on binary marker sets can be readily adopted by laboratories that already have well-established CE regimes in place. The Indel test proved to be easy to use and allowed all exercise participants to detect the DNA mixture as well as achieving complete and concordant profiles in nearly all cases. Lastly, two participants successfully ran parallel next-generation sequencing analyses (each using different systems) and achieved high levels of genotyping concordance using the exercise PCR primer mixes unmodified. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Santos, C.; Fondevila, M.; Carracedo, A.; Phillips, C.] Univ Santiago Compostela, Inst Forens Sci, Forens Genet Unit, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Ballard, D.; Court, D. Syndercombe] Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci, Dept Forens & Analyt Sci, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Banemann, R.; Hoffmann, A.] Fed Criminal Police Off, Wiesbaden, Germany. [Bento, A. M.; Porto, M. J.] Natl Inst Legal Med & Forens Sci, Ctr Branch, Forens Genet & Biol Serv, Coimbra, Portugal. [Borsting, C.; Morling, N.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Forens Med, Sect Forens Genet, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Branicki, W.] Inst Forens Res, Sect Forens Genet, Krakow, Poland. [Brisighelli, F.; Pascali, V. L.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Inst Legal Med, Forens Genet Lab, Rome, Italy. [Burrington, M.; O'Donnell, G.] Forens Sci Lab, Dublin, Ireland. [Capal, T.; Stenzl, V.] Inst Criminalist, Dept Forens Genet, Prague, Czech Republic. [Chaitanya, L.; Kayser, M.] Erasmus MC Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Forens Mol Biol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Daniel, R.; van Oorschot, R. A. H.] Victoria Police, Forens Serv Dept, Off Chief Forens Scientist, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Decroyer, V.; Morling, N.; Stenzl, V.] Natl Inst Criminalist & Criminol, Brussels, Belgium. [England, R.; McGovern, C.] ESR, Auckland, New Zealand. [Gettings, K. B.; Vallone, P. M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gross, T. E.; Schneider, P. M.] Univ Cologne, Fac Med, Inst Legal Med, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Haas, C.] Univ Zurich, Zurich Inst Forens Med, Zurich, Switzerland. [Harteveld, J.; Sijen, T.] Netherlands Forens Inst, Dept Human Biol Traces, The Hague, Netherlands. [Hoff-Olsen, P.; Kohler, P.; Roseth, A.] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Forens Biol, Oslo, Norway. [Linacre, A.; Templeton, J. E.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia. [Mayr-Eduardoff, M.; Parson, W.] Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Legal Med, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Parson, W.] Penn State Univ, Forens Sci Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Turanska, M.; Zatkalikova, L.] Minist Interior, Dept Biol, Inst Forens Sci, Slovenska Lupca, Slovakia. [Turanska, M.; Zatkalikova, L.] DNA Anal, Slovenska Lupca, Slovakia. RP Phillips, C (reprint author), Univ Santiago Compostela, Inst Forens Sci, Forens Genet Unit, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. EM c.phillips@mac.com RI Phillips, Christopher/E-4005-2012; OI Phillips, Christopher/0000-0002-9601-0128; England, Ryan/0000-0002-6175-5453; Carracedo, Angel/0000-0003-1085-8986; Santos, Carla/0000-0002-4575-1807; Linacre, Adrian/0000-0001-5890-5548; Haas, Cordula/0000-0001-8122-1427 FU Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [SFRH/BD/75627/2010]; European Social Fund (Human Potential Thematic Operational Programme); European Forensic Genetics Network of Excellence (EUROFORGEN-NoE) [285487] FX This work was partially supported through a grant to CS (SFRH/BD/75627/2010) awarded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and co-financed by the European Social Fund (Human Potential Thematic Operational Programme). The organizing laboratory of the Forensic Genetics Unit, University of Santiago de Compostela, would like to thank Fabio Oldoni for his assistance in piloting the exercise, in partial fulfillment of an M.Sc. in Forensic Science, Department of Forensic Science and Drug Monitoring, King's College, London. The two anonymous donors for the mixture are also thanked for their willingness to provide samples. Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine thanks Corinne Moser for technical assistance. The pilot studies, Indel primers and test DNAs used in the exercise were funded by the European Forensic Genetics Network of Excellence (EUROFORGEN-NoE, Grant Agreement No. 285487). NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 19 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.06.004 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA DA0TL UT WOS:000367510300014 PM 26122263 ER PT J AU Coble, MD Bright, JA Buckleton, JS Curran, JM AF Coble, Michael D. Bright, Jo-Anne Buckleton, John S. Curran, James M. TI Uncertainty in the number of contributors in the proposed new CODIS set SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Forensic DNA; Mixed DNA profiles; Interpretation ID FORENSIC DNA PROFILES; LOCI; MIXTURES; STAINS; MODELS AB The probability that multiple contributors are detected within a forensic DNA profile improves as more highly polymorphic loci are analysed. The assignment of the correct number of contributors to a profile is important when interpreting the DNA profiles. In this work we investigate the probability of a mixed DNA profile appearing as having originated from a fewer number of contributors for the African American, Asian, Caucasian and Hispanic US populations. We investigate a range of locus configurations from the proposed new CODIS set. These theoretical calculations are based on allele frequencies only and ignore peak heights. We show that the probability of a higher order mixture (five or six contributors) appearing as having originated from one less individual is high. This probability decreases as the number of loci tested increases. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Coble, Michael D.; Buckleton, John S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bright, Jo-Anne; Buckleton, John S.] ESR, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Bright, Jo-Anne; Curran, James M.] Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. RP Coble, MD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcoble@nist.gov FU U.S. National Institute of Justice [2011-DN-BX-K541] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. John Butler (NIST) for helpful discussions and the suggestions from two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported in part by grant 2011-DN-BX-K541 from the U.S. National Institute of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice or Department of Commerce. Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 19 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.07.005 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA DA0TL UT WOS:000367510300037 PM 26275610 ER PT J AU Cronin, MF Pelland, NA Emerson, SR Crawford, WR AF Cronin, Meghan F. Pelland, Noel A. Emerson, Steven R. Crawford, William R. TI Estimating diffusivity from the mixed layer heat and salt balances in the North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID UPPER-OCEAN; TRANSITION LAYER; PARAMETERIZATION; TURBULENCE; CURRENTS; EVENTS; MODEL AB Data from two National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) surface moorings in the North Pacific, in combination with data from satellite, Argo floats and glider (when available), are used to evaluate the residual diffusive flux of heat across the base of the mixed layer from the surface mixed layer heat budget. The diffusion coefficient (i.e., diffusivity) is then computed by dividing the diffusive flux by the temperature gradient in the 20 m transition layer just below the base of the mixed layer. At Station Papa in the NE Pacific subpolar gyre, this diffusivity is 1 x 10(-4) m(2)/s during summer, increasing to similar to 3 x 10(-4) m(2)/s during fall. During late winter and early spring, diffusivity has large errors. At other times, diffusivity computed from the mixed layer salt budget at Papa correlate with those from the heat budget, giving confidence that the results are robust for all seasons except late winter-early spring and can be used for other tracers. In comparison, at the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) in the NW Pacific subtropical recirculation gyre, somewhat larger diffusivities are found based upon the mixed layer heat budget: similar to 3 x 10(-4) m(2)/s during the warm season and more than an order of magnitude larger during the winter, although again, wintertime errors are large. These larger values at KEO appear to be due to the increased turbulence associated with the summertime typhoons, and weaker wintertime stratification. C1 [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Pelland, Noel A.; Emerson, Steven R.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Crawford, William R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada. RP Cronin, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Meghan.F.Cronin@noaa.gov FU NOAA Office of Climate Observations FX This work was funded by the NOAA Office of Climate Observations. Station Papa shiptime has been provided by the DFO Line P program. Shiptime for KEO was provided by NSF for 2004-2006, and thereafter through a partnership between NOAA and JAMSTEC. We thank Marie Robert of the Line P program, and the captains, crews, and science parties for their help in making this study possible. Data from the NOAA surface moorings used in this study can be accessed from http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/OCS/. This is PMEL contribution 4167. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2015 VL 120 IS 11 BP 7346 EP 7362 DI 10.1002/2015JC011010 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DA3GZ UT WOS:000367686500015 ER PT J AU Frenger, I Munnich, M Gruber, N Knutti, R AF Frenger, I. Muennich, M. Gruber, N. Knutti, R. TI Southern Ocean eddy phenomenology SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; CYCLONE-ANTICYCLONE ASYMMETRY; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; MESOSCALE EDDIES; GLOBAL OCEAN; HEAT-TRANSPORT; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; KINETIC-ENERGY; AGULHAS RINGS; SEA AB Mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous features in the Southern Ocean, yet their phenomenology is not well quantified. To tackle this task, we use satellite observations of sea level anomalies and sea surface temperature (SST) as well as in situ temperature and salinity measurements from profiling floats. Over the period 1997-2010, we identified over a million mesoscale eddy instances and were able to track about 10(5) of them over 1 month or more. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), the boundary current systems, and the regions where they interact are hot spots of eddy presence, representing also the birth places and graveyards of most eddies. These hot spots contrast strongly to areas shallower than about 2000 m, where mesoscale eddies are essentially absent, likely due to topographical steering. Anticyclones tend to dominate the southern subtropical gyres, and cyclones the northern flank of the ACC. Major causes of regional polarity dominance are larger formation numbers and lifespans, with a contribution of differential propagation pathways of long-lived eddies. Areas of dominance of one polarity are generally congruent with the same polarity being longer-lived, bigger, of larger amplitude, and more intense. Eddies extend down to at least 2000 m. In the ACC, eddies show near surface temperature and salinity maxima, whereas eddies in the subtropical areas generally have deeper anomaly maxima, presumably inherited from their origin in the boundary currents. The temperature and salinity signatures of the average eddy suggest that their tracer anomalies are a result of both trapping in the eddy core and stirring. C1 [Frenger, I.; Muennich, M.; Gruber, N.] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Frenger, I.; Gruber, N.] ETH, Ctr Climate Syst Modeling, Zurich, Switzerland. [Knutti, R.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Climate Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Frenger, I (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ifrenger@princeton.edu RI Knutti, Reto/B-8763-2008; Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Frenger, Ivy/B-9023-2017 OI Knutti, Reto/0000-0001-8303-6700; Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Frenger, Ivy/0000-0002-3490-7239 FU NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team; Center for Climate Systems Modelling (C2SM) at ETH Zurich; Swiss National Science Foundation [P2EZP2-152133] FX The altimeter products used for this study were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso, with support from Cnes (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). The SST data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team. Data are available at http://www.remss.com. The profiling float data data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.Argo.ucsd.edu, http://Argo.jcommops.org). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. The eddy data set which was created in this study and used to produce the figures of this article is available from the authors upon request. The Center for Climate Systems Modelling (C2SM) at ETH Zurich and the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant P2EZP2-152133) provided financial support for this project. We thank Bridget Zakrzewski for insights on regional variations of subsurface properties of Southern Ocean eddies, and Stephen Griffies, David Byrne, and Ryan Abernathey for helpful comments. NR 155 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2015 VL 120 IS 11 BP 7413 EP 7449 DI 10.1002/2015JC011047 PG 37 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DA3GZ UT WOS:000367686500019 ER PT J AU Ashenfelter, J Balantekin, B Band, HR Barclay, G Bass, CD Berish, D Bowden, NS Bowes, A Brodsky, JP Bryan, CD Cherwinka, JJ Chu, R Classen, T Commeford, K Davee, D Dean, D Deichert, G Diwan, MV Dolinski, MJ Dolph, J Dwyer, DA Gaison, JK Galindo-Uribarri, A Gilje, K Glenn, A Goddard, BW Green, M Han, K Hans, S Heeger, KM Heffron, B Jaffe, DE Langford, TJ Littlejohn, BR Caicedo, DAM McKeown, RD Mendenhall, MP Mueller, P Mumm, HP Napolitano, J Neilson, R Norcini, D Pushin, D Qian, X Romero, E Rosero, R Saldana, L Seilhan, BS Sharma, R Sheets, S Stemen, NT Surukuchi, PT Varner, RL Viren, B Wang, W White, B White, C Wilhelmi, J Williams, C Wise, T Yao, H Yeh, M Yen, YR Zangakis, G Zhang, C Zhang, X AF Ashenfelter, J. Balantekin, B. Band, H. R. Barclay, G. Bass, C. D. Berish, D. Bowden, N. S. Bowes, A. Brodsky, J. P. Bryan, C. D. Cherwinka, J. J. Chu, R. Classen, T. Commeford, K. Davee, D. Dean, D. Deichert, G. Diwan, M. V. Dolinski, M. J. Dolph, J. Dwyer, D. A. Gaison, J. K. Galindo-Uribarri, A. Gilje, K. Glenn, A. Goddard, B. W. Green, M. Han, K. Hans, S. Heeger, K. M. Heffron, B. Jaffe, D. E. Langford, T. J. Littlejohn, B. R. Caicedo, D. A. Martinez McKeown, R. D. Mendenhall, M. P. Mueller, P. Mumm, H. P. Napolitano, J. Neilson, R. Norcini, D. Pushin, D. Qian, X. Romero, E. Rosero, R. Saldana, L. Seilhan, B. S. Sharma, R. Sheets, S. Stemen, N. T. Surukuchi, P. T. Varner, R. L. Viren, B. Wang, W. White, B. White, C. Wilhelmi, J. Williams, C. Wise, T. Yao, H. Yeh, M. Yen, Y. R. Zangakis, G. Zhang, C. Zhang, X. TI Light collection and pulse-shape discrimination in elongated scintillator cells for the PROSPECT reactor antineutrino experiment SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Neutrino detectors; Particle identification methods; Calorimeters ID NEUTRON DETECTION; LIQUID SCINTILLATORS; DETECTOR AB A meter-long, 23-liter EJ-309 liquid scintillator detector has been constructed to study the light collection and pulse-shape discrimination performance of elongated scintillator cells for the PROSPECT reactor antineutrino experiment. The magnitude and uniformity of light collection and neutron-gamma discrimination power in the energy range of antineutrino inverse beta decay products have been studied using gamma and spontaneous fission calibration sources deployed along the cell axis. We also study neutron-gamma discrimination and light collection abilities for differing PMT and reflector configurations. Key design features for optimizing MeV-scale response and background rejection capabilities are identified. C1 [Ashenfelter, J.; Band, H. R.; Gaison, J. K.; Han, K.; Heeger, K. M.; Langford, T. J.; Norcini, D.; Saldana, L.; Stemen, N. T.; Wise, T.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, Wright Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Balantekin, B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Barclay, G.; Bryan, C. D.; Deichert, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bass, C. D.] Le Moyne Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Syracuse, NY USA. [Berish, D.; Napolitano, J.; Wilhelmi, J.; Zangakis, G.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Bowden, N. S.; Brodsky, J. P.; Classen, T.; Glenn, A.; Seilhan, B. S.; Sheets, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA USA. [Bowes, A.; Gilje, K.; Littlejohn, B. R.; Caicedo, D. A. Martinez; Surukuchi, P. T.; White, C.; Zhang, X.] IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Cherwinka, J. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Phys Sci Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Chu, R.; Dean, D.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Green, M.; Heffron, B.; Mueller, P.; Romero, E.; Varner, R. L.; Wang, W.; White, B.; Williams, C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chu, R.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Heffron, B.; Romero, E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Commeford, K.; Dolinski, M. J.; Goddard, B. W.; Neilson, R.; Yen, Y. R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Davee, D.; McKeown, R. D.; Yao, H.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Diwan, M. V.; Dolph, J.; Jaffe, D. E.; Qian, X.; Sharma, R.; Viren, B.; Zhang, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Dwyer, D. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hans, S.; Rosero, R.; Yeh, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Mendenhall, M. P.; Mumm, H. P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pushin, D.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Pushin, D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Han, K (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, Wright Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM ke.han@yale.edu; thomas.langford@yale.edu; blittlej@iit.edu; danielle.norcini@yale.edu RI Han, Ke/D-3697-2017; OI Han, Ke/0000-0002-1609-7367; Surukuchi, Pranava Teja/0000-0002-7858-0370; Pushin, Dmitry/0000-0002-4594-3403; Norcini, Danielle/0000-0003-0075-5326; Zhang, Chao/0000-0003-2298-6272 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; National Science Foundation; Yale University; Illinois Institute of Technology; High Flux Isotope Reactor FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science and the National Science Foundation. Additional support for this work is provided by Yale University and the Illinois Institute of Technology. We gratefully acknowledge the support and hospitality of the High Flux Isotope Reactor, managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 10 AR P11004 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/10/11/P11004 PG 22 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA DA3DH UT WOS:000367676000014 ER PT J AU Simiu, E Yeo, D AF Simiu, Emil Yeo, DongHun TI Advances in the design of high-rise structures by the wind tunnel procedure: Conceptual framework SO WIND AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE aerodynamics; design; high-rise buildings; micrometeorology; structural dynamics; structural engineering; wind climate; wind engineering; wind tunnel procedure; wind tunnel testing ID PEAK-GUST MAP; SPEEDS AB This paper surveys and complements contributions by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to techniques ensuring that the wind tunnel procedure for the design of high-rise structures is based on sound methods and allows unambiguous inter-laboratory comparisons. Developments that enabled substantial advances in these techniques include: Instrumentation for simultaneously measuring pressures at multiple taps; time-domain analysis methods for estimating directional dynamic effects; creation of large simulated extreme directional wind speed data sets; non-parametric methods for estimating mean recurrence intervals (MRIs) of Demand-to-Capacity Indexes (DCIs); and member sizing based on peak DCIs with specified MRIs. To implement these advances changes are needed in the traditional division of tasks between wind and structural engineers. Wind engineers should provide large sets of directional wind speeds, pressure coefficient time series, and estimates of uncertainties in wind speeds and pressure coefficients. Structural engineers should perform the dynamic analyses, estimates of MRIs of wind effects, sensitivity studies, and iterative sizing of structural members. The procedure is transparent, eliminates guesswork inherent in frequency domain methods and due to the lack of pressure measurements, and enables structural engineers to be in full control of the structural design for wind. C1 [Simiu, Emil; Yeo, DongHun] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20852 USA. RP Simiu, E (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20852 USA. EM simiu@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TECHNO-PRESS PI DAEJEON PA PO BOX 33, YUSEONG, DAEJEON 305-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-6116 EI 1598-6225 J9 WIND STRUCT JI Wind Struct. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 21 IS 5 BP 489 EP 503 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Mechanics GA DA5NV UT WOS:000367850700003 ER PT J AU Ramirez, MD Avens, L Seminoff, JA Goshe, LR Heppell, SS AF Ramirez, Matthew D. Avens, Larisa Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Goshe, Lisa R. Heppell, Selina S. TI Patterns of loggerhead turtle ontogenetic shifts revealed through isotopic analysis of annual skeletal growth increments SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Caretta caretta; growth rates; life history variation; loggerhead sea turtle; nitrogen stable isotopes; Northwest Atlantic; ontogenetic shift; skeletochronology ID FEEDING HABITAT USE; SEA-TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; LIFE-HISTORY; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GREEN TURTLES; REEF FISH AB Ontogenetic changes in resource use often delimit transitions between life stages. Ecological and individual factors can cause variation in the timing and consistency of these transitions, ultimately affecting community and population dynamics through changes in growth and survival. Therefore, it is important to document and understand behavioral and life history polymorphisms, and the processes that drive intraspecific variation in them. To evaluate juvenile loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) life history variation and to detect shifts in habitat and diet that occur during an oceanic-to-neritic ontogenetic shift, we sequentially analyzed the stable isotope composition of humerus bone growth increments from turtles that stranded dead on Southeastern U. S. beaches between 1997 and 2013 (n = 84). In one-half of the sampled turtles, growth increment-specific nitrogen stable isotope (delta N-15) data showed significant increases in delta N-15 values over each turtle's life. These data were used to provide a new line of evidence that juvenile Northwest Atlantic loggerheads exhibit two major ontogenetic shift patterns: discrete shifts (n = 24), which were completed within one year, and facultative shifts (n = 14), which were completed over multiple years (up to five). The mean difference in pre- and post-ontogenetic shift delta N-15 values was 4.3%. Differences in isotopic baselines between neritic and oceanic habitats of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean make it likely these patterns are driven by a coupled change in both habitat and diet, and that facultative shifters utilize both neritic and oceanic resources within transitional growth years. Mean size and age at transition between habitats (54.2 cm straightline carapace length, SCL; 11.98 yr) was within the range of previous estimates and did not differ between discrete and facultative shifters. Our results further expand our understanding of loggerhead sea turtle life history polymorphisms and demonstrate the value of bone tissue analysis to the study of this variation. Sequential analysis of annual skeletal growth increments provides a valuable method for reconstructing long-term ontogenetic changes in foraging ecology and habitat use in long-lived, cryptic marine species. C1 [Ramirez, Matthew D.; Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Avens, Larisa; Goshe, Lisa R.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Ramirez, MD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM matthew.ramirez@oregonstate.edu FU Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center (LMRCSC) as part of the NOAA Educational Partnership Program; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program; Thomas G. Scott Publication Fund FX We thank J. McKay, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences Stable Isotope Laboratory (Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon), for assistance with stable isotope analyses; J. Miller for micromill training; and E. Parks for assistance with sample processing and collection. Special thanks to participants of the National Sea Turtle Stranding and Salvage Network for their dedicated work and sample collection. This study was funded through the Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center (LMRCSC) as part of the NOAA Educational Partnership Program, and the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program. Publication of this paper was supported, in part, by the Thomas G. Scott Publication Fund. Research was conducted under USFWS permit number TE-676379-5 issued to the NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center. Thank you to M. Snover, J. Miller, S. Piacenza, and two anonymous reviewers for their help in improving this manuscript. NR 77 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 32 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2015 VL 6 IS 11 AR 244 DI 10.1890/ES15-00255.1 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ7WH UT WOS:000367310600035 ER PT J AU Durre, I Squires, MF AF Durre, Imke Squires, Michael F. TI White Christmas? An Application of NOAA's 1981-2010 Daily Normals SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Durre, Imke; Squires, Michael F.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. RP Squires, MF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Informat, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Mike.Squires@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 96 IS 11 BP 1853 EP 1858 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00038.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3GK UT WOS:000366992200001 ER PT J AU Barthold, FE Workoff, TE Cosgrove, BA Gourley, JJ Novak, DR Mahoney, KM AF Barthold, Faye E. Workoff, Thomas E. Cosgrove, Brian A. Gourley, Jonathan J. Novak, David R. Mahoney, Kelly M. TI Improving Flash Flood Forecasts The HMT-WPC Flash Flood and Intense Rainfall Experiment SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODEL; GUIDANCE AB Despite advancements in numerical modeling and the increasing prevalence of convection-allowing guidance, flash flood forecasting remains a substantial challenge. Accurate flash flood forecasts depend not only on accurate quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs), but also on an understanding of the corresponding hydrologic response. To advance forecast skill, innovative guidance products that blend meteorology and hydrology are needed, as well as a comprehensive verification dataset to identify areas in need of improvement.To address these challenges, in 2013 the Hydrometeorological Testbed at the Weather Prediction Center (HMT-WPC), partnering with the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) and the Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), developed and hosted the inaugural Flash Flood and Intense Rainfall (FFaIR) Experiment. In its first two years, the experiment has focused on ways to combine meteorological guidance with available hydrologic information. One example of this is the creation of neighborhood flash flood guidance (FFG) exceedance probabilities, which combine QPF information from convection-allowing ensembles with flash flood guidance; these were found to provide valuable information about the flash flood threat across the contiguous United States.Additionally, WPC has begun to address the challenge of flash flood verification by developing a verification database that incorporates observations from a variety of disparate sources in an attempt to build a comprehensive picture of flash flooding across the nation. While the development of this database represents an important step forward in the verification of flash flood forecasts, many of the other challenges identified during the experiment will require a long-term community effort in order to make notable advancements. C1 [Barthold, Faye E.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Barthold, Faye E.; Workoff, Thomas E.; Novak, David R.] NOAA, NWS, Weather Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Workoff, Thomas E.] Syst Res Grp Inc, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Cosgrove, Brian A.] NOAA, NWS, Natl Water Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Mahoney, Kelly M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahoney, Kelly M.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Barthold, FE (reprint author), NOAA NWS WFO New York, 175 Brookhaven Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM faye.barthold@noaa.gov RI Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU NOAA's Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) program; U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP) FX This work was supported by NOAA's Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) program and the U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP). The authors thank all past FFaIR Experiment participants for their enthusiasm and valuable insight into the flash flood forecast problem. In addition, Michael Smith (National Water Center), Russ Schumacher (Colorado State University), and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful feedback to improve the quality of this paper. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 96 IS 11 BP 1859 EP 1866 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00201.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3HB UT WOS:000366993900001 ER PT J AU Moore, AW Small, IJ Gutman, SI Bock, Y Dumas, JL Fang, P Haase, JS Jackson, ME Laber, JL AF Moore, Angelyn W. Small, Ivory J. Gutman, Seth I. Bock, Yehuda Dumas, John L. Fang, Peng Haase, Jennifer S. Jackson, Mark E. Laber, Jayme L. TI National Weather Service Forecasters Use GPS Precipitable Water Vapor for Enhanced Situational Awareness during the Southern California Summer Monsoon SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SURGES; METEOROLOGY; RAINFALL; SYSTEM; ASSIMILATION; CLIMATOLOGY; MOUNTAINS AB During the North American Monsoon, low-to-midlevel moisture is transported in surges from the Gulf of California and Eastern Pacific Ocean into Mexico and the American Southwest. As rising levels of precipitable water interact with the mountainous terrain, severe thunderstorms can develop, resulting in flash floods that threaten life and property. The rapid evolution of these storms, coupled with the relative lack of upper-air and surface weather observations in the region, make them difficult to predict and monitor, and guidance from numerical weather prediction models can vary greatly under these conditions. Precipitable water vapor (PW) estimates derived from continuously operating ground-based GPS receivers have been available for some time from NOAA's GPS-Met program, but these observations have been of limited utility to operational forecasters in part due to poor spatial resolution. Under a NASA Advanced Information Systems Technology project, 37 real-time stations were added to NOAA's GPS-Met analysis providing 30-min PW estimates, reducing station spacing from approximately 150 km to 30 km in Southern California. An 18-22 July 2013 North American Monsoon event provided an opportunity to evaluate the utility of the additional upper-air moisture observations to enhance National Weather Service (NWS) forecaster situational awareness during the rapidly developing event. NWS forecasters used these additional data to detect rapid moisture increases at intervals between the available 1-6-h model updates and approximately twice-daily radiosonde observations, and these contributed tangibly to the issuance of timely flood watches and warnings in advance of flash floods, debris flows, and related road closures. C1 [Moore, Angelyn W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Small, Ivory J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv Forecast Off, San Diego, CA USA. [Gutman, Seth I.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bock, Yehuda; Fang, Peng; Haase, Jennifer S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Cecil H & Ida M Green Inst Geophys & Planetary Ph, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dumas, John L.; Jackson, Mark E.; Laber, Jayme L.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv Forecast Off, Oxnard, CA USA. RP Moore, AW (reprint author), 4800 Oak Grove Dr MS 238-600, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Angelyn.W.Moore@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA [AIST-11 NNX09AI67G]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1400901] FX This research was funded by a NASA AIST-11 NNX09AI67G award to Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and by in-kind support from NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory and the NOAA Weather Forecasting Offices in San Diego and Oxnard. A portion of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Maps were drawn with the Generic Mapping Tool and matplotlib. San Andreas fault map data are from P. Bird (doi:10.1029/2001GC000252). GPS RINEX data were provided by the NASA MEaSUREs Solid Earth Science ESDR System project through the SOPAC archive and by the UNAVCO Facility with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. EAR-1400901 and NASA under NSF Cooperative Agreement No. EAR-0735156. We thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for suggestions that greatly improved the paper. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 96 IS 11 BP 1867 EP 1877 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00095.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3HB UT WOS:000366993900002 ER PT J AU Schreck, CJ Bennett, S Cordeira, JM Crouch, J Dissen, J Lang, AL Margolin, D O'Shay, A Rennie, J Schneider, TI Ventrice, MJ AF Schreck, Carl J., III Bennett, Stephen Cordeira, Jason M. Crouch, Jake Dissen, Jenny Lang, Andrea L. Margolin, David O'Shay, Adam Rennie, Jared Schneider, Thomas Ian Ventrice, Michael J. TI NATURAL GAS PRICES AND THE EXTREME WINTERS OF 2011/12 AND 2013/14 Causes, Indicators, and Interactions SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; EL-NINO; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES; NORTHERN WINTER; SST ANOMALIES; ANNULAR MODE AB Volatility in the natural gas markets can be linked to large temperature variability over the United States in recent winters. Day-to-day volatility in natural gas markets is driven largely by variability in heating demand, which is in turn dominated by cool-season temperature anomalies over the northeastern quadrant of the United States (Midwest-East). Energy traders rely on temperature forecasts at horizons of 2-4 weeks to anticipate those fluctuations in demand. Forecasts from dynamical models are widely available, so the markets react quickly to changes in the model predictions. Traders often work with meteorologists who leverage teleconnections from the tropics and the Arctic to improve upon the model forecasts. This study demonstrates how natural gas prices react to Midwest-East temperatures using the anomalous winters of 2011/12 and 2013/14. These examples also illustrate how energy meteorologists use teleconnections from the Arctic and the tropics to forecast heating demand. Winter 2011/12 was exceptionally warm, consistent with the positive Arctic Oscillation (AO). March 2012 was a fitting exclamation point on the winter as it featured the largest warm anomaly for the United States above the twentieth-century climatology of any month since 1895. The resulting lack of heating demand led to record surpluses of natural gas storage and spurred prices downward to an 11-yr low in April 2012. In sharp contrast, winter 2013/14 was unusually cold. An anomalous Alaskan ridge led to cold air being transported from Siberia into the United States, despite the AO generally being positive. The ensuing swell in heating demand exhausted the surplus natural gas inventory, and prices rose to their highest levels since the beginning of the global recession in 2008. C1 [Schreck, Carl J., III; Dissen, Jenny; Rennie, Jared] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites North Carolina, Asheville, NC USA. [Schreck, Carl J., III; Crouch, Jake; Dissen, Jenny; Rennie, Jared] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Bennett, Stephen; Margolin, David; O'Shay, Adam] EarthRisk Technol, San Diego, CA USA. [Bennett, Stephen] Verisk Climate, San Francisco, CA USA. [Cordeira, Jason M.] Plymouth State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci & Chem, Plymouth, NH USA. [Lang, Andrea L.] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [O'Shay, Adam] Leeward Pointe Capital, Austin, TX USA. [Schneider, Thomas Ian] Boston Coll, Boston, MA USA. [Ventrice, Michael J.] Weather Serv Int, Andover, MA USA. RP Schreck, CJ (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM cjschrec@ncsu.edu RI Schreck, Carl/B-8711-2011; Rennie, Jared/E-2984-2015 OI Schreck, Carl/0000-0001-9331-5754; Rennie, Jared/0000-0002-3316-9668 FU Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina (CICS-NC); NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information; NOAA's Climate Data Record (CDR) program through CICS-NC [NA14NES432003] FX This study was inspired by the Executive Forum on Business and Climate supported by the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina (CICS-NC) and NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information in June 2013. The manuscript benefited significantly from the comments of two anonymous reviewers. Schreck received support for this research from NOAA's Climate Data Record (CDR) program through CICS-NC under Cooperative Agreement NA14NES432003. Natural gas prices and storage data were provided by the Energy Information Administration. Nino-3.4, AO, and NAO are calculated by NOAA/CPC and obtained from NOAA/ESRL/PSD. Eurasian snow cover was obtained from the Rutgers Snow Lab. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 96 IS 11 BP 1879 EP 1894 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00237.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3HD UT WOS:000366994100001 ER PT J AU Butler, AH Seidel, DJ Hardiman, SC Butchart, N Birner, T Match, A AF Butler, Amy H. Seidel, Dian J. Hardiman, Steven C. Butchart, Neal Birner, Thomas Match, Aaron TI DEFINING SUDDEN STRATOSPHERIC WARMINGS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE MODEL; NIGHT JET OSCILLATION; OFFICE CLIMATE MODEL; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; POLAR VORTEX; CMIP5 SIMULATIONS; SURFACE CLIMATE; LOW TOP; VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERE C1 [Butler, Amy H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Butler, Amy H.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Hardiman, Steven C.; Butchart, Neal] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Birner, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Match, Aaron] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Butler, AH (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, CSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM amy.butler@noaa.gov RI Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; Birner, Thomas/A-2108-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; Birner, Thomas/0000-0002-2966-3428; FU Climate Observations and Monitoring Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; NSF Climate Dynamics Program FX AHB and DJS were supported by the Climate Observations and Monitoring Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA. NB and SCH were supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101), and TB was supported by the NSF Climate Dynamics Program. We thank D. Mitchell and W. Seviour for providing code to calculate vortex moments and the central dates for SSWs using this definition, and D. Mitchell and E. Gerber for their help leading community efforts and providing valuable input. We thank U. Langematz and K. Kruger for their help with understanding and interpreting major references for the WMO SSW definition, the historical role of the Freie Universitat Berlin, and the interpretation and application of the WMO definition today. We thank L.M. Polvani and A. Charlton-Perez for their useful feedback, and Melissa Free (NOAA) and the internal reviewers at the Met Office for their helpful reviews of early drafts of this paper. BAMS Editor M. Alexander; reviewers U. Langematz, G. Manney, and B. Naujokat; and two anonymous colleagues provided constructive and insightful comments. We thank J. Thomas at the NOAA library for the quick assistance in locating archaic references. NR 78 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 96 IS 11 BP 1913 EP 1928 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00173.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3GO UT WOS:000366992600001 ER PT J AU Jung, T Doblas-Reyes, F Goessling, H Guemas, V Bitz, C Buontempo, C Caballero, R Jakobson, E Jungclaus, J Karcher, M Koenigk, T Matei, D Overland, J Spengler, T Yang, ST AF Jung, Thomas Doblas-Reyes, Francisco Goessling, Helge Guemas, Virginie Bitz, Cecilia Buontempo, Carlo Caballero, Rodrigo Jakobson, Erko Jungclaus, Johann Karcher, Michael Koenigk, Torben Matei, Daniela Overland, James Spengler, Thomas Yang, Shuting TI POLAR LOWER-LATITUDE LINKAGES AND THEIR ROLE IN WEATHER AND CLIMATE PREDICTION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Jung, Thomas; Goessling, Helge; Karcher, Michael] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Doblas-Reyes, Francisco] Inst Catala Ciencies Clima IC3, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Doblas-Reyes, Francisco] CNS, BSC, Barcelona, Spain. [Guemas, Virginie] Inst Catala Ciencies Clima IC3, Barcelona, Spain. [Guemas, Virginie] Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Bitz, Cecilia] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Buontempo, Carlo] MetOffice, Exeter, Devon, England. [Caballero, Rodrigo] Stockholm Univ, Inst Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Jakobson, Erko] Tartu Observ, Travere, Estonia. [Jungclaus, Johann; Matei, Daniela] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Koenigk, Torben] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, Norrkoeping, Sweden. [Overland, James] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Spengler, Thomas] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Yang, Shuting] Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Jung, T (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Bussestr 24, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM Thomas.Jung@awi.de RI Guemas, Virginie/B-9090-2016; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/C-1228-2016; Caballero, Rodrigo/E-4637-2010; Jung, Thomas/J-5239-2012; Bitz, Cecilia/S-8423-2016 OI Guemas, Virginie/0000-0002-6340-3558; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/0000-0002-6622-4280; Caballero, Rodrigo/0000-0002-5507-9209; Jung, Thomas/0000-0002-2651-1293; Bitz, Cecilia/0000-0002-9477-7499 FU Polar Prediction Project (PPP) of the WMO World Weather Research Programme (WWRP); World Climate Research Programme (WCRP); Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS); European Commission through the Seventh Framework Programme Seasonal-to-Decadal Climate Prediction for the Improvement of European Climate Services (SPECS) project; European Climate Research Alliance (ECRA); European Geophysical Union (EGU); IC3; Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) FX We acknowledge Francois Massonnet for reading the summary and for verifying the accuracy of the content. The report reflects ideas from a variety of workshop participants. The workshop was sponsored by the Polar Prediction Project (PPP) of the WMO World Weather Research Programme (WWRP), the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS), the European Commission through the Seventh Framework Programme Seasonal-to-Decadal Climate Prediction for the Improvement of European Climate Services (SPECS) project, the European Climate Research Alliance (ECRA), and the European Geophysical Union (EGU), as well as IC3 and the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI). NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 96 IS 11 BP ES197 EP ES200 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00121.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3GW UT WOS:000366993400001 ER PT J AU Fernando, HJS Pardyjak, ER Di Sabatino, S Chow, FK De Wekker, SFJ Hoch, SW Hacker, J Pace, JC Pratt, T Pu, Z Steenburgh, WJ Whiteman, CD Wang, Y Zajic, D Balsley, B Dimitrova, R Emmitt, GD Higgins, CW Hunt, JCR Knievel, JC Lawrence, D Liu, Y Nadeau, DF Kit, E Blomquist, BW Conry, P Coppersmith, RS Creegan, E Felton, M Grachev, A Gunawardena, N Hang, C Hocut, CM Huynh, G Jeglum, ME Jensen, D Kulandaivelu, V Lehner, M Leo, LS Liberzon, D Massey, JD McEnerney, K Pal, S Price, T Sghiatti, M Silver, Z Thompson, M Zhang, H Zsedrovits, T AF Fernando, H. J. S. Pardyjak, E. R. Di Sabatino, S. Chow, F. K. De Wekker, S. F. J. Hoch, S. W. Hacker, J. Pace, J. C. Pratt, T. Pu, Z. Steenburgh, W. J. Whiteman, C. D. Wang, Y. Zajic, D. Balsley, B. Dimitrova, R. Emmitt, G. D. Higgins, C. W. Hunt, J. C. R. Knievel, J. C. Lawrence, D. Liu, Y. Nadeau, D. F. Kit, E. Blomquist, B. W. Conry, P. Coppersmith, R. S. Creegan, E. Felton, M. Grachev, A. Gunawardena, N. Hang, C. Hocut, C. M. Huynh, G. Jeglum, M. E. Jensen, D. Kulandaivelu, V. Lehner, M. Leo, L. S. Liberzon, D. Massey, J. D. McEnerney, K. Pal, S. Price, T. Sghiatti, M. Silver, Z. Thompson, M. Zhang, H. Zsedrovits, T. TI THE MATERHORN Unraveling the Intricacies of Mountain Weather SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; STRONGLY STRATIFIED FLOW; COMPLEX TERRAIN; EVENING TRANSITION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; DOPPLER LIDAR; HEAT-FLUX; PART I; MODEL C1 [Fernando, H. J. S.; Di Sabatino, S.; Pratt, T.; Dimitrova, R.; Hunt, J. C. R.; Kit, E.; Blomquist, B. W.; Conry, P.; Coppersmith, R. S.; Grachev, A.; Hocut, C. M.; Leo, L. S.; Liberzon, D.; McEnerney, K.; Silver, Z.; Thompson, M.; Zsedrovits, T.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Pardyjak, E. R.; Hoch, S. W.; Pu, Z.; Steenburgh, W. J.; Whiteman, C. D.; Gunawardena, N.; Hang, C.; Jeglum, M. E.; Jensen, D.; Kulandaivelu, V.; Lehner, M.; Massey, J. D.; Price, T.; Zhang, H.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Chow, F. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [De Wekker, S. F. J.; Pal, S.; Sghiatti, M.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Hacker, J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Hacker, J.; Knievel, J. C.; Liu, Y.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Pace, J. C.; Zajic, D.] US Army Dugway Proving Ground, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Creegan, E.; Felton, M.; Huynh, G.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Balsley, B.; Lawrence, D.; Blomquist, B. W.; Grachev, A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Emmitt, G. D.] Simpson Weather Associates, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Higgins, C. W.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Nadeau, D. F.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [Kit, E.] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Blomquist, B. W.; Grachev, A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Fernando, HJS (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Environm Fluid Dynam Labs, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM hfernand@nd.edu RI Zsedrovits, Tamas/D-1362-2016; Leo, Laura/J-9529-2013; OI Zsedrovits, Tamas/0000-0003-0768-1171; Leo, Laura/0000-0003-4103-6862; GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 FU Office of Naval Research (MURI) Award [N00014-11-1-0709]; Army Research Office; Air Force Weather Agency; Research Office of University of Notre Dame; Research Office of University of Utah; Wayne and Diana Murdy Family Endowment at Notre Dame FX The MATERHORN Program was funded by the Office of Naval Research (MURI) Award N00014-11-1-0709 (Program Officers: Drs. Ronald Ferek and Daniel Eleuterio), with additional funding from the Army Research Office (Program Officers: Gordon Videen and Walter Bach), Air Force Weather Agency, Research Offices of University of Notre Dame and University of Utah, and Wayne and Diana Murdy Family Endowment at Notre Dame. MATERHORN-M gratefully acknowledges the DART team at NCAR, the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command, DoD High-Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP), High Performance Computing at UU, Center for Research Computing (CRC), and Engineering and Science Computing (ESC) at UND. The GIS rendition of Fig. 4 was skillfully prepared by Dott. Ing. Roberto Perrone, Territorial Planning Department of Province of Lecce, Italy. Without the invaluable support of Chris Fairall (ESRL/PSD, NOAA), Vanda Grubisic, and Steven Oncley (EOL, NCAR), James Doyle (Naval Research Laboratory), many DPG and U.S. government personnel, domestic, and international visitors, as well as a host of technical staff, the program could not have been a reality. Four referees provided invaluable comments that improved the paper substantially. NR 99 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 96 IS 11 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00131.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3GQ UT WOS:000366992800001 ER PT J AU Pierdomenico, M Guida, VG Macelloni, L Chiocci, FL Rona, PA Scranton, MI Asper, V Diercks, A AF Pierdomenico, Martina Guida, Vincent G. Macelloni, Leonardo Chiocci, Francesco L. Rona, Peter A. Scranton, Mary I. Asper, Vernon Diercks, Arne TI Sedimentary facies, geomorphic features and habitat distribution at the Hudson Canyon head from AUV multibeam data SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Hudson Canyon; Seafloor mapping; Benthic habitat; Backscatter imagery ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; SUBMARINE-CANYON; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; SEA-FLOOR; UNITED-STATES; GEORGES BANK; MANAGEMENT; OCEAN; CLASSIFICATION; HETEROGENEITY AB Mapping of physical benthic habitats at the head of Hudson Canyon was performed by means of integrated analysis of acoustic data, video surveys and seafloor sampling. Acoustic mapping, performed using AUV-mounted multibeam sonar, provided ultra-high resolution bathymetric and backscatter imagery for the identification of geomorphological features and the characterization of surficial sediments. Habitat characterization in terms of seafloor texture and identification of benthic and demersal communities was accomplished by visual analysis of still photographs from underwater vehicles. Habitat classes were defined on the basis of the seafloor texture observed on photos and then compared with the geophysical data in order to associate habitats to acoustic classes and/or geomorphological features. This enabled us to infer habitat distribution on the basis of morpho-acoustic classes and extrapolate results over larger areas. Results from bottom trawling were used to determine the overall biodiversity within the identified habitats. Our analysis revealed a variety of topographic and sedimentological structures that provide a wide range of physical habitats. A variety of sandy and muddy substrates, gravel patches and mudstone outcrops host rich and varied faunal assemblages, including cold-water corals and sponge communities. Pockmark fields below 300 m depth suggest that methane-based chemosynthetic carbonate deposition may contributes to creation of specific benthic habitats. Hummocky terrain has been delineated along the canyon rims and associated with extensive, long-term burrowing activity by golden tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps). These results show the relationships of physical features to benthic habitat variation, support the notion of the area as a biodiversity hotspot and define essential habitats for planning of sustainable regional fisheries. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pierdomenico, Martina; Chiocci, Francesco L.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Earth Sci, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Guida, Vincent G.] NOAA NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Macelloni, Leonardo; Asper, Vernon; Diercks, Arne] Univ Mississippi, Natl Inst Undersea Sci & Technol, University, MS 38677 USA. [Rona, Peter A.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Scranton, Mary I.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Pierdomenico, M (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Earth Sci, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM martina.pierdomenico@uniroma1.it OI Macelloni, Leonardo/0000-0001-5238-3398 NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 121 SI SI BP 112 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.04.016 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CX0IG UT WOS:000365379500012 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, SE Baker, ET German, CR AF Beaulieu, Stace E. Baker, Edward T. German, Christopher R. TI Where are the undiscovered hydrothermal vents on oceanic spreading ridges? SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Hydrothermal springs; Hydrothermal activity; Mid-ocean ridges; Spreading centers; Plate boundaries ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; FLOOR MASSIVE SULFIDES; CENTRAL INDIAN RIDGE; DEEP-SEA; CARLSBERG RIDGE; CAYMAN RISE; LAU BASIN; FIELD; DISCOVERY; PLUME AB In nearly four decades since the discovery of deep-sea vents, one-third of the length of global oceanic spreading ridges has been surveyed for hydrothermal activity. Active submarine vent fields are now known along the boundaries of 46 out of 52 recognized tectonic plates. Hydrothermal survey efforts over the most recent decade were sparked by national and commercial interests in the mineral resource potential of seafloor hydrothermal deposits, as well as by academic research. Here we incorporate recent data for back-arc spreading centers and ultraslow- and slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges (MORs) to revise a linear equation relating the frequency of vent fields along oceanic spreading ridges to spreading rate. We apply this equation globally to predict a total number of vent fields on spreading ridges, which suggests that 900 vent fields remain to be discovered. Almost half of these undiscovered vent fields (comparable to the total of all vent fields discovered during 35 years of research) are likely to occur at MORs with full spreading rates less than 60 mm/yr. We then apply the equation regionally to predict where these hydrothermal vents may be discovered with respect to plate boundaries and national jurisdiction, with the majority expected to occur outside of states' exclusive economic zones. We hope that these predictions will prove useful to the community in the future, in helping to shape continuing ridge-crest exploration. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Beaulieu, Stace E.; German, Christopher R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Baker, Edward T.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Beaulieu, SE (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM stace@whoi.edu FU NSF [NSF OCE08-38923, NSF GeoEd12-02977, OCE10-61863]; WHOI Marquet Award; Earth-Ocean Interactions Program; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; NASA [NASA NNX09AB75G]; NOAA [NA14OAR4320158] FX We thank A. Emerson, J. Llopiz, S. Mills, L Mullineaux, and anonymous reviewers for improvements to the manuscript. S.B. was supported by NSF (NSF OCE08-38923, NSF GeoEd12-02977), and a WHOI Marquet Award, E.B. by the NOAA Vents (now Earth-Ocean Interactions) Program and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement no. NA10OAR4320148, and C.G. by NSF OCE10-61863, NASA (NASA NNX09AB75G), and NOAA NA14OAR4320158. PMEL contribution 3948, JISAO contribution 2268. NR 83 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 10 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 121 SI SI BP 202 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.05.001 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CX0IG UT WOS:000365379500019 ER PT J AU Rona, P Guida, V Scranton, M Gong, DL Macelloni, L Pierdomenico, M Diercks, AR Asper, V Haag, S AF Rona, Peter Guida, Vincent Scranton, Mary Gong, Donglai Macelloni, Leonardo Pierdomenico, Martina Diercks, Arne-R. Asper, Vernon Haag, Scott TI Hudson submarine canyon head offshore New York and New Jersey: A physical and geochemical investigation SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Hudson Canyon; Seafloor mapping; Geomorphology; Methane; Pockmarks; Hydrography; Canyon circulation ID ATLANTIC CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; CAPE-HATTERAS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SHELF SLOPE; SEA-FLOOR; US; BIGHT; STRATIGRAPHY; WATERS; TROUGH AB Hudson Canyon is the largest shelf-sourced canyon system off the east coast of the United States, and hosts a productive ecosystem that supports key fisheries. Here we report the results of a multi-year interdisciplinary study of the geological, geochemical, and physical oceanographic features and processes in the canyon that underpin that ecosystem. High-resolution multi-beam bathymetric and backscatter data show that the contrasting morphology of the two perpendicularly oriented branches at the head of the Hudson Canyon is indicative of different states of geomorphological activity and sediment transport Tightly spaced ridges and gullies extend perpendicularly towards the canyon axis from the canyon walls. Numerous depressions are found at the base of the canyon walls or along the canyon axis at depths from 300 m to 600 m. Elevated concentrations of dissolved methane in the water column, where the highest density of depressions occur, suggests that methane is actively venting there. The topography and reflective floors of circular depressions in canyon walls and their association with methane maxima suggest that these represent active methane gas release-collapse pockmarks with carbonate floors. Patterns of irregular, low-relief, reflective depressions on the canyon floor may also represent methane release points, either as gas release or cold-seep features. The presence of methane maxima in a region of strong advective currents suggests continuous and substantial methane supply. Hydrographic observations in the canyon show that multiple layers of distinct inter-leaved shelf (cold, fresh) and slope (warm, salty) water masses occupy the head of the canyon during the summer. Their interactions with the canyon and with each other produce shifting fronts, internal waves, and strong currents that are influenced by canyon topography. Strong tidal currents with along-canyon-axis flow shear help to drive the advection, dispersion and mixing of dissolved materials in the water column that likely help support the rich canyon ecosystem. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rona, Peter] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Guida, Vincent] NOAA NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, JJ Howard Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Scranton, Mary] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Gong, Donglai] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Macelloni, Leonardo] Univ Mississippi, Univ MS, NIUST, Oxford, MS 38677 USA. [Macelloni, Leonardo] IGAG CNR, Rome, Italy. [Pierdomenico, Martina] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Earth Sci, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Diercks, Arne-R.; Asper, Vernon] Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, Hattiesburg, MS 39529 USA. [Haag, Scott] Drexel Univ, Acad Nat Sci, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM rona@marine.rutgers.edu; vincent.guida@noaa.gov; mary.scranton@stonybrook.edu; gong@vims.edu; Imacello@olemiss.edu; martina.pierdomenico@uniroma1.it; arne.diercks@usm.edu; vernon.asper@usm.edu; smh362@drexel.edu OI Macelloni, Leonardo/0000-0001-5238-3398; Gong, Donglai/0000-0002-1697-1739 FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Northeast Fisheries Science Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Undersea Research Program (NURP); NOM Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER); Marie Curie Fellowship; European Union under FP7 [600407]; RIT-MARE Flagship FX We thank NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Northeast Fisheries Science Center, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Undersea Research Program (NURP) formerly at Rutgers under Michael DeLuca, and NOM Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER) for scientific support. We thank Ray Highsmith, former Director, and others at the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIUST), University of Mississippi in conjunction with the University of Southern Mississippi for providing and staffing the Eagle Ray Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) which accomplished the mapping as the basis for this investigation. L. Macelloni has been supported through the Marie Curie Fellowship co-funded by the European Union under FP7-People - co-funding of Regional, National and International Programmes, GA n. 600407 and RIT-MARE Flagship. We thank the Rutgers University Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science for supporting the analysis and interpretation of the physical oceanographic data. We thank Brad Butman and an anonymous reviewer for providing valuable feedback for improving this manuscript. We thank the Captains, Officers and Crews of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown and NOAA Fisheries Vessel Henry Bigelow for superb support. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 121 SI SI BP 213 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.07.019 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CX0IG UT WOS:000365379500020 ER PT J AU Larson, BI Lang, SQ Lilley, MD Olson, EJ Lupton, JE Nakamura, K Buck, NJ AF Larson, B. I. Lang, S. Q. Lilley, M. D. Olson, E. J. Lupton, J. E. Nakamura, K. Buck, N. J. TI Stealth export of hydrogen and methane from a low temperature serpentinization system SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Lost City; Hydrothermal; Serpentinization; Hydrogen; Methane; Helium; Eh ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; CITY HYDROTHERMAL FIELD; DE-FUCA RIDGE; VENT FIELD; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; ZAMBALES OPHIOLITE; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; CORE COMPLEX; GEOCHEMISTRY; 30-DEGREES-N AB Chemical input to the deep sea from hydrothermal systems is a globally distributed phenomenon. Hydrothermal discharge is one of the primary mechanisms by which the Earth's interior processes manifest themselves at the Earth's surface, and it provides a source of energy for autotrophic processes by microbes that are too deep to capitalize on sunlight Much is known about the water-column signature of this discharge from high-temperature mid-ocean Ridge (MOR) environments and their neighboring low-temperature counterparts. Hydrothermal discharge farther away from the ridge, however, has garnered less attention, owing in part to the difficulty in finding this style of venting, which eludes methods of detection that work well for high-temperature 'black smoker'-type venting. Here we present a case study of the plume from one such 'invisible' off-axis environment, The Lost City, with an emphasis on the dissolved volatile content of the hydrothermal plume. Serpentinization and abiotic organic synthesis generate significant concentrations of H-2 and CH4 in vent fluid, but these species are unevenly transported to the overlying plume, which itself appears to be a composite of two different sources. A concentrated vent cluster on the talus slope channels fluid through at least eight chimneys, producing a water-column plume with the highest observed concentrations of CH4 in the field. In contrast, a saddle in the topography leading up to a carbonate cap hosts broadly distributed, nearly invisible venting apparent only in its water-column signals of redox potential and dissolved gas content, including the highest observed plume H-2. After normalizing H-2 and CH4 to the He-3 background-corrected anomaly (He-3(Delta)) to account for mixing and relative amount of mantle input, it appears that, while a minimum of 60% of CH4 is transported out of the system, greater than 90% of the H-2 is consumed in the subsurface prior to venting. The exception to this pattern occurs in the plume originating from the area dubbed Chaff Beach, in which somewhat more than 10% of the original Hy remains, indicating that this otherwise unremarkable plume, and others like it, may represent a significant source of Hy to the deep sea. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Larson, B. I.; Lilley, M. D.; Olson, E. J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Larson, B. I.; Buck, N. J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Larson, B. I.; Buck, N. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lang, S. Q.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Lupton, J. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Nakamura, K.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. RP Larson, BI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM ben.larson@noaa.gov RI Larson, Benjamin/K-4859-2016 OI Larson, Benjamin/0000-0002-1007-1684 FU NSF [OCE0137206]; PMEL Earth-Ocean Interactions Program; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA10OAR4320148] FX We thank the captains and crews of the R/V Atlantis, R/V Ronald H. Brown, DSV Alvin, ROV Hercules and ABE for their invaluable assistance and Deborah Kelley for her leadership as chief scientist. This work was supported by NSF grant OCE0137206 and partially funded by the PMEL Earth-Ocean Interactions Program and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement no. NA10OAR4320148. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 121 SI SI BP 233 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.05.007 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CX0IG UT WOS:000365379500021 ER PT J AU Zhang, C Usmani, A AF Zhang, Chao Usmani, Asif TI Heat transfer principles in thermal calculation of structures in fire SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Structural fire analysis; Heat transfer; Fire resistance; Steel member; Thermal calculation; Flashover; Lumped heat capacity method; Flame radiation; Participating medium; Thermal resistance; Section factor; Localized fire; Large enclosure ID LOCALIZED-FIRES; BEAMS AB Structural fire engineering (SFE) is a relatively new interdisciplinary subject, which requires a comprehensive knowledge of heat transfer, fire dynamics and structural analysis. It is predominantly the community of structural engineers who currently carry out most of the structural fire engineering research and design work. The structural engineering curriculum in universities and colleges do not usually include courses in heat transfer and fire dynamics. In some institutions of higher education, there are graduate courses for fire resistant design which focus on the design approaches in codes. As a result, structural engineers who are responsible for structural fire safety and are competent to do their jobs by following the rules specified in prescriptive codes may find it difficult to move toward performance-based fire safety design which requires a deep understanding of both fire and heat. Fire safety engineers, on the other hand, are usually focused on fire development and smoke control, and may not he familiar with the heat transfer principles used in structural fire analysis, or structural failure analysis. This paper discusses the fundamental heat transfer principles in thermal calculation of structures in fire, which might serve as an educational guide for students, engineers and researchers. Insights on problems which are commonly ignored in performance based fire safety design are also presented. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Chao] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Usmani, Asif] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Zhang, C (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chao.zhang@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 78 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2015.08.006 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CZ0JP UT WOS:000366791400008 PM 26783379 ER PT J AU McDermott, RJ Floyd, JE AF McDermott, Randall J. Floyd, Jason E. TI Enforcing realizability in explicit multi-component species transport SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Fire Dynamics Simulator; Realizability; Boundedness ID EQUATIONS; FLOW AB We propose a strategy to guarantee realizability of species mass fractions in explicit time integration of the partial differential equations governing fire dynamics, which is a multi-component transport problem (realizability requires all mass fractions that are greater than or equal to zero and that the sum equals unity). For a mixture of n species, the conventional strategy is to solve for n - 1 species mass fractions and to obtain the nth (or "background") species mass fraction from one minus the sum of the others. The numerical difficulties inherent in the background species approach are discussed and the potential for realizability violations is illustrated. The new strategy solves all n species transport equations and obtains density from the sum of the species mass densities. To guarantee realizability the species mass densities must remain positive (semidefinite). A scalar boundedness correction is proposed that is based on a minimal diffusion operator. The overall scheme is implemented in a publicly available large-eddy simulation code called the Fire Dynamics Simulator. A set of test cases is presented to verify that the new strategy enforces realizability, does not generate spurious mass, and maintains second-order accuracy for transport. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McDermott, Randall J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Floyd, Jason E.] Jensen Hughes, Baltimore, MD USA. RP McDermott, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM randall.mcdermott@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 78 BP 180 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2015.09.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CZ0JP UT WOS:000366791400017 PM 26692634 ER PT J AU Zhang, LX Burdette, CQ Phillips, MM Rimmer, CA Marcus, RK AF Zhang, Lynn X. Burdette, Carolyn Q. Phillips, Melissa M. Rimmer, Catherine A. Marcus, R. Kenneth TI Determination of Isoflavone Content in SRM 3238 Using Liquid Chromatography-Particle Beam/Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; SOY ISOFLAVONES; SOYBEAN ISOFLAVONES; SAMPLE PREPARATION; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS; PROTEIN; PLASMA AB The characterization of marker components in botanical materials is a challenging task, and the increased consumption of botanicals and dietary supplements demands a greater understanding of the associated health benefits and risks. In order to successfully acquire and compare clinical results and correlate health trends, accurate, precise, and validated methods of analysis must be developed. Presented here is the development of a quantitative method for the determination of soy isoflavones (daidzin, glycitin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein) using LC-particle beam/electron ionization-MS (LC-PB/EIMS). An internal standard (IS) approach for quantitation with 7-hydroxy-4-chromone as the IS compound was used, with response factors for each individual isoflavone obtained from calibrant solutions. The results from this method were compared with the certified and reference values for National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SRM 3238 Soy-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form to demonstrate that the method was in control. Results obtained using LC-PB/EIMS were consistent with the NIST certified or reference values and their uncertainties for all five isoflavones, demonstrating that the LC-PB/EIMS approach is both accurate and precise when used for the determination of the target isoflavones in soy-containing dietary supplement finished products while simultaneously providing structural information. C1 [Zhang, Lynn X.; Burdette, Carolyn Q.; Marcus, R. Kenneth] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Burdette, Carolyn Q.; Phillips, Melissa M.; Rimmer, Catherine A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marcus, RK (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM marcusr@clemson.edu FU National Institute for Standards and Technology [1169208] FX This work was financially supported by the National Institute for Standards and Technology under Grant No. 1169208 to Clemson University. Lynn X. Zhang would also like to thank Benjamin T. Manard and Joaudimir Castro for their help throughout the duration of this project. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1483 EP 1490 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.15-112 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA CZ6JH UT WOS:000367206700002 PM 26651559 ER PT J AU Charnotskii, M AF Charnotskii, Mikhail TI Optimal beam focusing through turbulence SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; TERM; SPREAD; ATMOSPHERE; MEDIA; LONG AB Beam spread and beam wandering are the most perceptible effects of atmospheric turbulence on propagating laser beams. The width of the mean irradiance profile is typically used to characterize the beam spread. This so-called long-term (LT) statistic allows for a relatively simple theoretical description. However, the LT beam size is not a very practical measure of the beam spread because its measurements are sensitive to the movements of the source and detector, and to the large-scale variations of the refractive index that are not associated with turbulence. The short-term (ST) beam spread is measured relative to the instantaneous position of the beam center and is free of these drawbacks, but has not been studied as thoroughly as the LT spread. We present a theoretical model for the ST beam irradiance that is based on the parabolic equation for the beam wave propagation in random media, and the Markov approximation for calculation of the statistics of the optical field, and discuss an approximation that allows introduction of the isoplanatic ST point spread function (PSF). Unlike the LT PSF, the ST PSF depends on the overall beam geometry. This allows optimization of the initial beam field in terms of minimizing the ST beam size at the observation plane. Calculations supporting this conjecture are presented for the simple case of the coherent Gaussian beam, and Kolmogorov turbulence. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Charnotskii, Mikhail] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Charnotskii, Mikhail] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Charnotskii, M (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, 325 Broadway R-PSD-99, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Mikhail.Charnotskii@noaa.gov RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013 OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1943 EP 1951 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.32.001943 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA CZ6HK UT WOS:000367201600005 PM 26560908 ER PT J AU Lew, DK Larson, DM AF Lew, Daniel K. Larson, Douglas M. TI Stated preferences for size and bag limits of Alaska charter boat anglers SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Fishing regulations; Recreational fishing; Stated preference methods ID FISH AB Over the last several years, significant regulatory changes related to Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis have occurred in the for-hire recreational charter boat fishing sector in Alaska. In addition to limited entry restrictions and adoption of a catch sharing plan that provides a formal means of determining allocation between the commercial and charter boat fishing sectors, more restrictive harvest regulations were placed on anglers fishing from charter boats. This article provides insights into how the value anglers place on charter boat fishing is affected by these regulations, principally bag and size limits. Such information is helpful in assessing the trade-offs in economic benefits associated with different regulatory tools used to manage angler harvest levels. Stated preference choice experiment data from a 2012 survey are analyzed using a panel rank-ordered mixed logit model to estimate the economic value, or willingness to pay (WTP), non-resident anglers place on saltwater charter boat fishing trips in Alaska and to assess how changes in characteristics of fishing trips, particularly harvest restrictions related to Pacific halibut, affect this value. The model specification accounts for a wide array of size and bag limit restrictions that have been recently implemented or are under consideration by Pacific halibut fishery managers. The results indicate that very strict harvest restrictions have the effect of driving WTP to zero, while allowing at least one (potentially) large fish to be caught is valuable to anglers. The results also suggest that WTP for fishing trips with bag limits that allow two or more fish to be harvested with no size restrictions on the first fish harvested are not statistically different from the value for trips for larger bag limits or for the case where all the fish in the limit can be any size. This suggests that fishery managers can restrict the size of the second fish in a two-fish bag limit and still maintain economic values for fishing trips. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lew, Daniel K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Larson, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Larson, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Davis, Giannini Fdn Agr Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lew, DK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Dan.Lew@noaa.gov OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X FU NOAA Fisheries Office of Science and Technology FX The authors thank an anonymous reviewer, Ron Felthoven, Chang Seung, and participants of the 2013 North American Association of Fisheries Economists Biennial Forum for useful comments. All remaining errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors. Funding support from the NOAA Fisheries Office of Science and Technology is gratefully acknowledged. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 61 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.07.007 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA CZ0BE UT WOS:000366769300009 ER PT J AU Krumholz, JS Brennan, ML AF Krumholz, Jason S. Brennan, Michael L. TI Fishing for common ground: Investigations of the impact of trawling on ancient shipwreck sites uncovers a potential for management synergy SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Artificial reefs; Fisheries management; Marine protected areas; Shipwrecks ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; ARTIFICIAL REEFS; SEA; POPULATIONS; PHILIPPINES; COMPLEXITY; SPILLOVER; FISHERIES; HABITAT; BIOMASS AB Maximizing social and economic benefits from fisheries and protecting culturally significant archaeological sites are management goals often viewed to be at odds with eachother. However, a potential for management synergy arises if fisheries related benefits can be associated with the protection of shipwreck sites. This study reviews fish abundance and community assemblage on several ancient shipwreck sites in the Aegean Sea. In this region, the presence or absence of fishing has been correlated to shipwreck condition. The results indicate that, on average, wrecks in worse condition (heavily fished) had 55% lower species richness, 57% lower abundance, and 41% lower diversity than wrecks in pristine condition, though only the patterns for abundance and species richness were statistically significant. No statistically significant change in fish community composition between fished and unfished wrecks was observed, though community composition between shallow water and deep water wrecks was statistically different. This research highlights the potential benefit of marine protected areas around areas of high density of shipwrecks that can both protect these sites and increase local fisheries by preserving these artificial reefs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Krumholz, Jason S.] NOAA, NMFS, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Brennan, Michael L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Krumholz, JS (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, 212 Rodgers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM jason.krumholz@noaa.gov; mlbrennan@mail.uri.edu FU NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration [NA08OAR4600534, NA10OAR4600127]; Expedition Council of the National Geographic Society; Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0301] FX The authors would like to thank Juliana Manz-Siek at Davidson College for her assistance in cataloging and reviewing photo imagery, and Dr. Julie Rose at NOAA/NEFSC for help with PRIMER. We would also like to thank the crew and science team of E/V Nautilus, and Dr. Robert Ballard and Dr. Katy Croff Bell for assistance collecting this unique and informative dataset. We also wish to thank the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Department of Antiquities, Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Funding for this work was provided by NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration (NA08OAR4600534, NA10OAR4600127), the Expedition Council of the National Geographic Society, and the Office of Naval Research (N00014-07-1-0301). NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 61 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.07.009 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA CZ0BE UT WOS:000366769300016 ER PT J AU Curtis, KA Moore, JE Boyd, C Dillingham, PW Lewison, RL Taylor, BL James, KC AF Curtis, K. Alexandra Moore, Jeffrey E. Boyd, Charlotte Dillingham, Peter W. Lewison, Rebecca L. Taylor, Barbara L. James, Kelsey C. TI Managing catch of marine megafauna: Guidelines for setting limit reference points SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity conservation; Bycatch; Fisheries; Ecosystem-based management; Limit reference point; Marine megafauna ID SPECIES CATEGORIZATION SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT REFERENCE POINTS; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; ECOSYSTEM APPROACH; EXTINCTION RISK; FISH STOCKS; SEA-TURTLE; BYCATCH AB Limit reference points (LRPs) for catch, which correspond to thresholds to undesirable population or ecosystem states, offer a consistent, objective approach to management evaluation and prioritization across fisheries, species, and jurisdictions. LRPs have been applied successfully to manage catch of some marine megafauna (elasmobranchs, marine reptiles, seabirds, and marine mammals) in some jurisdictions, such as the use of Potential Biological Removal (PBR) to manage incidental mortality of marine mammals under the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act. However, implementation of ecosystem-based management is still in its infancy globally, and LRPs have not yet been widely adopted for marine megafauna, particularly for incidental catch. Here, guidelines are proposed for estimating catch LRPs for marine megafauna, with particular attention to resolving common technical and political challenges, including (1) identifying management units, population thresholds, and risk tolerances that align with common conservation goals and best practices, (2) choosing catch LRP estimators, (3) estimating input parameters such as abundance and productivity, (4) handling uncertainty, and (5) dealing with mismatches between management jurisdictions and population boundaries. The problem of cumulative impacts across sectors is briefly addressed. These guidelines, grounded in marine policy, science, precedent, and lessons learned, should facilitate wider application of catch LRPs in evaluation and management of fisheries impacts on marine megafauna, in support of global commitments to conserve biodiversity and manage fisheries responsibly. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Curtis, K. Alexandra] Ocean Associates Inc, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey E.; Boyd, Charlotte; Taylor, Barbara L.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Curtis, K. Alexandra] Acadia Univ, Dept Biol, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. [Boyd, Charlotte] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dillingham, Peter W.] Univ New England, Sch Sci & Technol, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. [Dillingham, Peter W.] Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Lewison, Rebecca L.; James, Kelsey C.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [James, Kelsey C.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Curtis, KA (reprint author), Ocean Associates Inc, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM alex.curtis@noaa.gov RI Dillingham, Peter/B-3972-2014; OI Dillingham, Peter/0000-0001-6302-3275; Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926 FU Lenfest Ocean Program [2008-000648-009] FX Funding for this work was provided by the Lenfest Ocean Program, Grant reference no. 2008-000648-009. Participants in a series of workshops on developing reference points for marine megafauna provided valuable scientific and political insights that contributed to the content of this manuscript. NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center and Acadia University provided work-space and administrative support. Comments from Jay Barlow, James V. Carretta, and anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Government. NR 139 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 61 BP 249 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.07.002 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA CZ0BE UT WOS:000366769300029 ER PT J AU Breslow, SJ AF Breslow, Sara Jo TI Accounting for neoliberalism: "Social drivers" in environmental management SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Social drivers; Social-ecological systems; DPSIR; Neoliberalism; Small-scale fisheries; Interdisciplinary integration ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; GLOBAL GOVERNANCE; DECISION-MAKING; INDICATORS; COASTAL; MARINE; CHALLENGES; SCIENCE; DPSIR AB Prevailing models of the human-environment relationship in environmental science, policy, and management (ESPM), largely based on the Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Responses (DPSIR) framework, are restricted in their ability to incorporate insights from the environmental social sciences and humanities (ESSH). A review of related literature suggests that ESSH scholars are more likely to critique these models for reinforcing problematic social trends than employ them as analytical tools. Nevertheless, the language of ESPM frameworks can be repurposed to account for a broader range of social considerations. As a first step, this paper develops the concept of "drivers" to focus on social drivers - i.e., the major social, political, economic, and cultural forces that shape social-ecological systems. For example, neoliberalism may be viewed as a major social driver that has significantly affected small-scale fisheries. While the ecological and economic goals for neoliberal strategies (such as catch shares) are optimistic, commonly observed social effects of these policies are less favorable. This paper illustrates how, if needed, indicators can be developed to assess the social effects of neoliberal policies so that they may be analyzed alongside their economic and ecological effects in an integrated assessment. Such an approach may help draw ESPM attention to the critical roles of social drivers and social conditions in interrelated social and environmental problems. Focusing on social drivers offers a potential avenue for bridging ESPM and ESSH, and collaborating toward mutual goals of environmental sustainability and human wellbeing. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Breslow, Sara Jo] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Breslow, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM sara.breslow@noaa.gov FU Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada Partnership Grant FX This paper was developed through participation in the Too Big to Ignore: Global Partnership for Small-Scale Fisheries Research, Working Group 5, funded by a Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada Partnership Grant to Ratana Chuenpagdee. My heartfelt thanks go to Reade Davis and Evelyn Pinkerton for encouraging this work and for their mentorship and patience throughout the process. I am also indebted to my NOAA colleagues Phil Levin, Mark Plummer, Karma Norman, Melissa Poe, and Dan Holland who helped me navigate the world of ESPM, and to my University of Washington graduate student assistant, Brit Sojka, who pointed me to some of the key critical literature. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 61 BP 420 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.11.018 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA CZ0BE UT WOS:000366769300046 ER PT J AU Sergienko, OV AF Sergienko, O. V. TI Order in Antarctic ice streams SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT News Item ID SURFACE; SHEET; FLOW C1 [Sergienko, O. V.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM osergien@princeton.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 8 IS 11 BP 822 EP 822 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CZ6GU UT WOS:000367200000007 ER PT J AU Hawkes, JA Rossel, PE Stubbins, A Butterfield, D Connelly, DP Achterberg, EP Koschinsky, A Chavagnac, V Hansen, CT Bach, W Dittmar, T AF Hawkes, Jeffrey A. Rossel, Pamela E. Stubbins, Aron Butterfield, David Connelly, Douglas P. Achterberg, Eric P. Koschinsky, Andrea Chavagnac, Valerie Hansen, Christian T. Bach, Wolfgang Dittmar, Thorsten TI Efficient removal of recalcitrant deep-ocean dissolved organic matter during hydrothermal circulation SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; AMINO-ACIDS; FLUIDS; CARBON; SYSTEMS; DISTRIBUTIONS; TEMPERATURES; REACTIVITY; BIOSPHERE; SEAWATER AB Oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important carbon pool, similar in magnitude to atmospheric CO2, but the fate of its oldest forms is not well understood(1,2). Hot hydrothermal circulation may facilitate the degradation of otherwise un-reactive dissolved organic matter, playing an important role in the long-term global carbon cycle. The oldest, most recalcitrant forms of DOC, which make up most of oceanic DOC, can be recovered by solid-phase extraction. Here we present measurements of solid-phase extractable DOC from samples collected between 2009 and 2013 at seven vent sites in the Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans, along with magnesium concentrations, a conservative tracer of water circulation through hydrothermal systems. We find that magnesium and solid-phase extractable DOC concentrations are correlated, suggesting that solid-phase extractable DOC is almost entirely lost from solution through mineralization or deposition during circulation through hydrothermal vents with fluid temperatures of 212-401 degrees C. In laboratory experiments, where we heated samples to 380 degrees C for four days, we found a similar removal efficiency. We conclude that thermal degradation alone can account for the loss of solid-phase extractable DOC in natural hydrothermal systems, and that its maximum lifetime is constrained by the timescale of hydrothermal cycling, at about 40 million years(3). C1 [Hawkes, Jeffrey A.; Rossel, Pamela E.; Dittmar, Thorsten] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Res Grp Marine Geochem, ICBM MPI Bridging Grp, Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm ICBM, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany. [Rossel, Pamela E.] Alfred Wegener Inst, HGF MPG Grp Deep Sea Ecol & Technol, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Stubbins, Aron] Univ Georgia, Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Marine Sci, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Butterfield, David] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Butterfield, David] NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Connelly, Douglas P.; Achterberg, Eric P.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Achterberg, Eric P.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Koschinsky, Andrea] Jacobs Univ Bremen, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. [Chavagnac, Valerie] Univ Toulouse, Lab Geosci Environm Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Hansen, Christian T.; Bach, Wolfgang] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Hansen, Christian T.; Bach, Wolfgang] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Hawkes, JA (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Analyt Chem, Dept Chem BMC, POB 599,Husargatan 3, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. EM jeffrey.hawkes@kemi.uu.se RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016; Dittmar, Thorsten/L-7796-2013; Koschinsky, Andrea /R-2927-2016; Bach, Wolfgang/D-3713-2017 OI Rossel, Pamela/0000-0003-0032-6724; Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279; Dittmar, Thorsten/0000-0002-3462-0107; Koschinsky, Andrea /0000-0002-9224-0663; Bach, Wolfgang/0000-0002-3099-7142 FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Hanse Institute for Advanced Studies (HWK, Delmenhorst, Germany); NSF grant [1234704]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; UK National Environmental Research Council [NE/G015732/1]; CNRS-INSU; MARUM FX We thank the captains, crews and ROV pilots from the numerous cruises that allowed us to gather this data set. We also thank M. Friebe and J. Pampin Baro for help with DOC measurements. J.A.H. was financially supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. A.S. was financially supported by a fellowship from the Hanse Institute for Advanced Studies (HWK, Delmenhorst, Germany) and NSF grant 1234704. This publication is partially financially supported by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, JISAO contribution number 1600, PMEL Contribution number 4257. E.P.A. acknowledges financial support from the UK National Environmental Research Council (NE/G015732/1). V.C. acknowledges financial support from CNRS-INSU. W.B. acknowledges financial support from MARUM. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 8 IS 11 BP 856 EP + DI 10.1038/NGEO2543 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CZ6GU UT WOS:000367200000019 ER PT J AU Gaichas, S Aydin, K Francis, RC AF Gaichas, Sarah Aydin, Kerim Francis, Robert C. TI Wasp waist or beer belly? Modeling food web structure and energetic control in Alaskan marine ecosystems, with implications for fishing and environmental forcing SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH PACIFIC; COMMUNITY REORGANIZATION; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; BOTTOM-UP; MANAGEMENT; GULF AB The Eastern Bering Sea (EBS) and Gulf of Alaska (GOA) continental shelf ecosystems show some similar and some distinctive groundfish biomass dynamics. Given that similar species occupy these regions and fisheries management is also comparable, similarities might be expected, but to what can we attribute the differences? Different types of ecosystem structure and control (e.g. top-down, bottom-up, mixed) can imply different ecosystem dynamics and climate interactions. Further, the structural type identified for a given ecosystem may suggest optimal management for sustainable fishing. Here, we use information on the current system state derived from food web models of both the EBS and the GOA combined with dynamic ecosystem models incorporating uncertainty to classify each ecosystem by its structural type. We then suggest how this structure might be generally related to dynamics and predictability. We find that the EBS and GOA have fundamentally different food web structures both overall, and when viewed from the perspective of the same commercially and ecologically important species in each system, walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus). EBS food web structure centers on a large mass of pollock, which appears to contribute to relative system stability and predictability. In contrast, GOA food web structure features high predator biomass, which contributes to a more dynamic, less predictable ecosystem. Mechanisms for climate influence on pollock production in the EBS are increasingly understood, while climate forcing mechanisms contributing to the potentially destabilizing high predator biomass in the GOA remain enigmatic. We present results of identical pollock fishing and climate-driven pollock recruitment simulations in the EBS and GOA which show different system responses, again with less predictable response in the GOA. Overall, our results suggest that identifying structural properties of fished food webs is as important for sustainable fisheries management as attempting to predict climate and fisheries effects within each ecosystem. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gaichas, Sarah] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst Assessment Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Aydin, Kerim] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Francis, Robert C.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gaichas, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst Assessment Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Sarah.Gaichas@noaa.gov NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.09.010 PN A PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CZ4XR UT WOS:000367106900001 ER PT J AU Peterson, WT Du, XN AF Peterson, William T. Du, Xiuning TI Egg production rates of the copepod Calanus marshallae in relation to seasonal and interannual variations in microplankton biomass and species composition in the coastal upwelling zone off Oregon, USA SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID PLANKTONIC COPEPOD; YELLOW SEA; CENTROPAGES-BRACHIATUS; CALANOIDES-CARINATUS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; INDUCED VARIABILITY; ZOOPLANKTON GROWTH; HATCHING SUCCESS; ENGLISH-CHANNEL; NORWEGIAN SEA AB In this study, we assessed trophic interactions between microplankton and copepods by studying the functional response of egg production rates (EPR; eggs female(-1) day(-1)) of the copepod Calanus marshallae to variations in microplankton biomass, species composition and community structure. Female C. marshallae and phytoplankton water samples were collected biweekly at an inner-shelf station off Newport, Oregon USA for four years, 2011-2014, during which a total of 1213 female C. marshallae were incubated in 63 experiments. On average, 80% of the females spawned with an overall mean EPR of 30.4. EPRs in spring (Apr-May, average of 40.2) were significantly higher than summer (Jun-Oct; 26.4). EPRs were intermediate in winter (Jan-Feb; 32.5). Interannually, EPRs were significantly higher in 2014 than 2011 and 2012. Total chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration and diatom abundance both were significantly higher in summer while no seasonal differences were found in abundance of dinoflagellates, ciliates or Cryptophytes. Although total Chl a showed no interannual differences in bulk biomass of phytoplankton, community structure analysis indicated differences among years. More diverse diatom communities were observed in 2013 and 2014 compared to 2011 and 2012. Relationships between EPR and potential food variables (phytoplankton and ciliates) were significant by season: a hyperbolic functional response was found between EPR and total Chi a in winter-spring and summer, separately, and between EPR and ciliate abundance in winter-spring; a linear model fit best the functional response of EPR to diatom abundance in summer. The estimate of potential population recruitment rate (the number of females x EPR; eggs day(-1) m(-2)) was highest in spring (Apr-May), and annually was highest in 2013 (11,660), followed by 2011 (6209), 2012 (3172) and 2014 (1480). Our observations of in situ EPR were far higher than published laboratory rates of 23.5, calling into question our past laboratory studies that used mono-algae cultures as food for copepods. Moreover, an increasing number of studies (including this study) are showing an apparent greater importance of ciliates as a nutritious food source for Calanus species demonstrating the importance of the microbial loop to secondary production. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Peterson, William T.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Du, Xiuning] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Peterson, WT (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bill.peterson@noaa.gov FU NOAA-MERHAB program [NA07NOS4780195]; NOAA Stock Assessment Improvement Program; NOAA Fisheries and the Environment Program; U.S. GLOBEC/Synthesis program FX We thank C. Tracy Shaw, Jay Peterson (JP), Jennifer Fisher (IF) and the captains of the R/V ELAKHA for collecting all the samples for this study along the Newport Hydrographic Line. Jay and Jennifer conducted many of the egg production incubation experiments as well. JP and JF provided comments on various earlier drafts of this manuscript. Post-doctoral support for X. Du was provided by a grant from the NOAA-MERHAB program (NA07NOS4780195). Funding for collection of zooplankton samples from 2011 onwards was provided by the NOAA Stock Assessment Improvement Program, NOAA Fisheries and the Environment Program, as well as residual funds from the U.S. GLOBEC/Synthesis program. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 BP 32 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.09.007 PN A PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CZ4XR UT WOS:000367106900003 ER PT J AU Vecchione, M Falkenhaug, T Sutton, T Cook, A Gislason, A Hansen, HO Heino, M Miller, PI Piatkowski, U Porteiro, F Soiland, H Bergstad, OA AF Vecchione, Michael Falkenhaug, Tone Sutton, Tracey Cook, April Gislason, Astthor Hansen, Hege Overbo Heino, Mikko Miller, Peter I. Piatkowski, Uwe Porteiro, Filipe Soiland, Henrik Bergstad, Odd Aksel TI The effect of the North Atlantic Subpolar Front as a boundary in pelagic biogeography decreases with increasing depth and organism size SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID GIBBS-FRACTURE-ZONE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; RIDGE; DEEP; PATTERNS; BIODIVERSITY; CIRCULATION; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; ECOSYSTEM AB Broad-scale patterns in the distribution of deep-sea pelagic species and communities are poorly known. An important question is whether biogeographic boundaries identified from surface features are important in the deep mesopelagic and bathypelagic. We present community analyses of discrete-depth samples of mesozooplankton and micronekton to full-ocean depth collected in the area where the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is crossed by the Subpolar Front. The results show that the distributional discontinuity associated with the front, which is strong near the surface, decreases with increasing depth. Both the frontal separation near the surface and the community convergence at increasing depths were clearer for mesozooplankton than for micronekton. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Vecchione, Michael] NOAA, NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Falkenhaug, Tone; Hansen, Hege Overbo; Bergstad, Odd Aksel] Inst Marine Res, N-4817 Flodevigen, His, Norway. [Sutton, Tracey; Cook, April] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Gislason, Astthor] Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Heino, Mikko; Soiland, Henrik] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Heino, Mikko; Soiland, Henrik] Hjort Ctr Marine Ecosyst Dynam, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Heino, Mikko] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Heino, Mikko] Univ Bergen, Hjort Ctr Marine Ecosyst Dynam, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Miller, Peter I.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Piatkowski, Uwe] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Porteiro, Filipe] Univ Azores, DOP, Faial, Azores, Portugal. RP Vecchione, M (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM vecchiom@si.edu; Tone.Falkenhaug@imr.no; tsutton1@nova.edu; acook1@nova.edu; astthon@hafro.is; hege.oeverboe.hansen@imr.no; mikko.heino@uib.no; pim@pml.ac.uk; upiatkowski@geomar.de; filipe@uac.pt; henrik.soiland@imr.no; oddaksel@IMR.no RI Heino, Mikko/C-7241-2009; Miller, Peter/E-4525-2013; Piatkowski, Uwe/G-4161-2011 OI Heino, Mikko/0000-0003-2928-3940; Miller, Peter/0000-0002-5292-8789; Piatkowski, Uwe/0000-0003-1558-5817 FU Sloan Foundation [MAR-ECO 2001-2010]; NERC consortium Grant ECOMAR; NSF Ocean Sciences Division - Biological Oceanography Program [OCE 0623551] FX This study was an element of the Census of Marine Life field project MAR-ECO 2001-2010, partly funded by the Sloan Foundation. The Institute of Marine Research and the University of Bergen, Norway, and NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service contributed ship-time. P. Miller was supported by the NERC consortium Grant ECOMAR. T. Sutton was supported by a Grant from the NSF Ocean Sciences Division - Biological Oceanography Program (OCE 0623551). NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.08.006 PN A PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CZ4XR UT WOS:000367106900008 ER PT J AU Ito, SI Rose, KA Megrey, BA Schweigert, J Hay, D Werner, FE Aita, MN AF Ito, Shin-ichi Rose, Kenneth A. Megrey, Bernard A. Schweigert, Jake Hay, Douglas Werner, Francisco E. Aita, Maki Noguchi TI Geographic variation in Pacific herring growth in response to regime shifts in the North Pacific Ocean SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID NUTRIENT-PHYTOPLANKTON-ZOOPLANKTON; FISH BIOENERGETICS MODEL; LOWER TROPHIC ECOSYSTEM; SOMATIC ENERGY CONTENT; SAURY COLOLABIS-SAIRA; BERING-SEA FLATFISH; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; NE PACIFIC; NEMURO AB Pacific herring populations at eight North Pacific Rim locations were simulated to compare basin-wide geographic variations in age-specific growth due to environmental influences on marine productivity and population-specific responses to regime shifts. Temperature and zooplankton abundance from a three-dimensional lower-trophic ecosystem model (NEMURO: North Pacific Ecosystem Model for Understanding Regional Oceanography) simulation from 1948 to 2002 were used as inputs to a herring bioenergetics growth model. Herring populations from California, the west coast of Vancouver Island (WCVI), Prince William Sound (PWS), Togiak Alaska, the western Bering Sea (WBS), the Sea of Okhotsk (SO), Sakhalin, and Peter the Great Bay (PGB) were examined. The half-saturation coefficients of herring feeding were calibrated to climatological conditions at each of the eight locations to reproduce averaged size-at-age data. The depth of averaging used for water temperature and zooplankton, and the maximum consumption rate parameter, were made specific to each location. Using the calibrated half-saturation coefficients, the 1948-2002 period was then simulated using daily values of water temperature and zooplankton densities interpolated from monthly model output. To detect regime shifts in simulated temperatures, zooplankton and herring growth rates, we applied sequential t-test analyses on the 54 years of hindcast simulation values. The detected shifts of herring age-5 growth showed closest match (69%) to the regime shift years (1957/58, 1970/71, 1976/77, 1988/89, 1998/99). We explored relationships among locations using cluster and principal component analyses. The first principal component of water temperature showed good correspondence to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and all zooplanIcton groups showed a pan-Pacific decrease after the 1976/77 regime shift. However, the first principal component of herring growth rate showed decreased growth at the SO, PWS, WCVI and California locations and increased growth at the Sakhalin, WBS and Togiak locations after 1977. The SO location belonged to the same cluster as the location in with the eastern North Pacific. The calibrated half-saturation coefficients affected the degree to which growth was sensitive to interannual variation in water temperature versus zooplankton. For example, the half-saturation values for the SO location resulted in very efficient feeding that shifted the sensitivity of herring growth from food to temperature. The model results demonstrate how geographic specificity of bioenergetics parameters, coupled with location-specific variation in temperature and food, can combine to determine local and regional responses of fish growth to climate forcing. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ito, Shin-ichi] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564, Japan. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Megrey, Bernard A.] NOAA, NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Schweigert, Jake; Hay, Douglas] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. [Werner, Francisco E.] NOAA, NMFS Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Aita, Maki Noguchi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res & Develop Ctr Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. RP Ito, SI (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564, Japan. EM goito@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Ito, Shin-ichi/E-2981-2012 OI Ito, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-3635-2580 NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 SI SI BP 331 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.022 PN B PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CZ4XS UT WOS:000367107000003 ER PT J AU Rose, KA Fiechter, J Curchitser, EN Hedstrom, K Bernal, M Creekmore, S Haynie, A Ito, S Lluch-Cota, S Megrey, BA Edwards, CA Checkley, D Koslow, T McClatchie, S Werner, F MacCall, A Agostini, V AF Rose, Kenneth A. Fiechter, Jerome Curchitser, Enrique N. Hedstrom, Kate Bernal, Miguel Creekmore, Sean Haynie, Alan Ito, Shin-ichi Lluch-Cota, Salvador Megrey, Bernard A. Edwards, Chris A. Checkley, Dave Koslow, Tony McClatchie, Sam Werner, Francisco MacCall, Alec Agostini, Vera TI Demonstration of a fully-coupled end-to-end model for small pelagic fish using sardine and anchovy in the California Current SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODELS; NORTH PACIFIC ALBACORE; CURRENT SYSTEM; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; UNITED-STATES; SPAWNING BIOMASS; SKILL ASSESSMENT AB We describe and document an end-to-end model of anchovy and sardine population dynamics in the California Current as a proof of principle that such coupled models can be developed and implemented. The end-to-end model is 3-dimensional, time-varying, and multispecies, and consists of four coupled sub-models: hydrodynamics, Eulerian nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton (NPZ), an individual-based full life cycle anchovy and sardine submodel, and an agent-based fishing fleet submodel. A predator roughly mimicking albacore was included as individuals that consumed anchovy and sardine. All submodels were coded within the ROMS open-source community model, and used the same resolution spatial grid and were all solved simultaneously to allow for possible feedbacks among the submodels. We used a super-individual approach and solved the coupled models on a distributed memory parallel computer, both of which created challenging but resolvable bookkeeping challenges. The anchovy and sardine growth, mortality, reproduction, and movement, and the fishing fleet submodel, were each calibrated using simplified grids before being inserted into the full end-to-end model. An historical simulation of 1959-2008 was performed, and the latter 45 years analyzed. Sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface temperature (SST) for the historical simulation showed strong horizontal gradients and multi-year scale temporal oscillations related to various climate indices (PDO, NPGO), and both showed responses to ENSO variability. Simulated total phytoplankton was lower during strong El Nino events and higher for the strong 1999 La Nina event. The three zooplankton groups generally corresponded to the spatial and temporal variation in simulated total phytoplankton. Simulated biomasses of anchovy and sardine were within the historical range of observed biomasses but predicted biomasses showed much less inter-annual variation. Anomalies of annual biomasses of anchovy and sardine showed a switch in the mid-1990s from anchovy to sardine dominance. Simulated averaged weights- and lengths-at-age did not vary much across decades, and movement patterns showed anchovy located close to the coast while sardine were more dispersed and farther offshore. Albacore predation on anchovy and sardine was concentrated near the coast in two pockets near the Monterey Bay area and equatorward of Cape Mendocino. Predation mortality from fishing boats was concentrated where sardine age-1 and older individuals were located close to one of the five ports. We demonstrated that it is feasible to perform multi-decadal simulations of a fully-coupled end-to-end model, and that this can be done for a model that follows individual fish and boats on the same 3-dimensional grid as the hydrodynamics. Our focus here was on proof of principle and our results showed that we solved the major technical, bookkeeping, and computational issues. We discuss the next steps to increase computational speed and to include important biological differences between anchovy and sardine. In a companion paper (Fiechter et al., 2015), we further analyze the historical simulation in the context of the various hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the sardine and anchovy cycles. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rose, Kenneth A.; Creekmore, Sean] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Fiechter, Jerome] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique N.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hedstrom, Kate] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bernal, Miguel] FAO United Nations, GFCM, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, I-00193 Rome, Italy. [Haynie, Alan; Megrey, Bernard A.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ito, Shin-ichi] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564, Japan. [Lluch-Cota, Salvador] CIBNOR, La Paz 23090, Bcs, Mexico. [Edwards, Chris A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Checkley, Dave] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Koslow, Tony] CalCOFI, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McClatchie, Sam; Werner, Francisco] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [MacCall, Alec] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Agostini, Vera] Nature Conservancy, Global Marine Team, Miami, FL 33133 USA. RP Rose, KA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM karose@lsu.edu; Fiechter@ucsc.edu; enrique@marine.rutgers.edu; kshedstrom@alaska.edu; Miguel.Bernal@fao.org; screek2@lsu.edu; Alan.Haynie@noaa.gov; goito@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp; slluch@cibnor.mx; cedwards@ucsc.edu; dcheckley@ucsd.edu; tkoslow@ucsd.edu; Sam.McClatchie@noaa.gov; cisco.werner@noaa.gov; Alec.Maccall@noaa.gov; vagostini@tnc.org RI Ito, Shin-ichi/E-2981-2012 OI Ito, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-3635-2580 FU Asia Pacific Network (APN); Japanese Fisheries Research Agency (FRA); PICES; Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Program (GLOBEC); InterAmerican Institute for Global Change Research; FRA; NOAA Grant [NA09NMF4720183]; Office of Naval Research Marine Mammals and Biology Program [N000141210893]; North Pacific Research Board/NOAAINSF Bering Sea Project FX The idea for this modeling was started during a workshop in Tokyo in November, 2005 entitled "Global Comparison of Sardine, Anchovy and Other Small Pelagics: Building Towards a Multi-Species Model." We wish to thank the Asia Pacific Network (APN), the Japanese Fisheries Research Agency (FRA), PICES, the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Program (GLOBEC), and the InterAmerican Institute for Global Change Research for sponsoring the workshop. The modeling was initiated with support of generous travel funds from PICES and the FRA. The modeling was completed as part of NOAA Grant NA09NMF4720183 (Comparative Analysis of Marine System Organization Program) awarded to Rutgers University and grant from Office of Naval Research Marine Mammals and Biology Program (N000141210893) awarded to University of California at Santa Cruz. The fishing fleet submodel was developed during visits funded through the North Pacific Research Board/NOAAINSF Bering Sea Project. This research also used ShaRCS, the University of California Shared Research Computing Services Cluster, which is technically supported by multiple University of California IT divisions and managed by the University of California, Office of the President. NR 164 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 10 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 SI SI BP 348 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.01.012 PN B PG 33 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CZ4XS UT WOS:000367107000004 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Rose, KA Chai, F Chavez, FP Ayon, P AF Xu, Yi Rose, Kenneth A. Chai, Fei Chavez, Francisco P. Ayon, Patricia TI Does spatial variation in environmental conditions affect recruitment? A study using a 3-D model of Peruvian anchovy SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; HUMBOLDT CURRENT SYSTEM; EARLY-LIFE HISTORY; SOUTHERN BENGUELA; FISH RECRUITMENT; ENGRAULIS-RINGENS; UPWELLING SYSTEM; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; MARINE FISHES; CARBON-CYCLE AB We used a 3-dimensional individual-based model (3-D IBM) of Peruvian anchovy to examine how spatial variation in environmental conditions affects larval and juvenile growth and survival, and recruitment. Temperature, velocity, and phytoplankton and zooplankton concentrations generated from a coupled hydrodynamic Nutrients Phytoplankton Zooplankton Detritus (NPZD) model, mapped to a three dimensional rectangular grid, were used to simulate anchovy populations. The IBM simulated individuals as they progressed from eggs to recruitment at 10 cm. Eggs and yolk-sac larvae were followed hourly through the processes of development, mortality, and movement (advection), and larvae and juveniles were followed daily through the processes of growth, mortality, and movement (advection plus behavior). A bioenergetics model was used to grow larvae and juveniles. The NPZD model provided prey fields which influence both food consumption rate as well as behavior mediated movement with individuals going to grids cells having optimal growth conditions. We compared predicted recruitment for monthly cohorts for 1990 through 2004 between the full 3-D IBM and a point (0-D) model that used spatially-averaged environmental conditions. The 3-D and 0-D versions generated similar interannual patterns in monthly recruitment for 1991-2004, with the 3-D results yielding consistently higher survivorship. Both versions successfully captured the very poor recruitment during the 1997-1998 El Nino event. Higher recruitment in the 3-D simulations was due to higher survival during the larval stage resulting from individuals searching for more favorable temperatures that lead to faster growth rates. The strong effect of temperature was because both model versions provided saturating food conditions for larval and juvenile anchovies. We conclude with a discussion of how explicit treatment of spatial variation affected simulated recruitment, other examples of fisheries modeling analyses that have used a similar approach to assess the influence of spatial variation, and areas for further model development. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Yi] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Chai, Fei] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Chavez, Francisco P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Ayon, Patricia] Inst Mar Peru, Lima, Peru. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM yi.xu@noaa.gov FU NASA [NNGO4GM64G, NNX09AU39G]; NOAA through the Fisheries And The Environment (FATE) program FX This research was initially funded by NASA Grants (NNGO4GM64G and NNX09AU39G) to Dr. F. Chai and Dr. F. Chavez. The major analyses were done while the lead author was supported by NOAA through the Fisheries And The Environment (FATE) program. We thank Dr. Steven Teo and Dr. Nancy Lo (NOAA-Southwest Fisheries Science Center) who pre-reviewed the manuscript and provided helpful comments. NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 SI SI BP 417 EP 430 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.04.002 PN B PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CZ4XS UT WOS:000367107000007 ER PT J AU Petrik, CM Duffy-Anderson, JT Mueter, F Hedstrom, K Curchitser, EN AF Petrik, Colleen M. Duffy-Anderson, Janet T. Mueter, Franz Hedstrom, Katherine Curchitser, Enrique N. TI Biophysical transport model suggests climate variability determines distribution of Walleye Pollock early life stages in the eastern Bering Sea through effects on spawning SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; SHELIKOF STRAIT; WATER MASSES; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; LARVAE; SHELF; RECRUITMENT AB The eastern Bering Sea recently experienced an anomalously warm period followed by an anomalously cold period. These periods varied with respect to sea ice extent, water temperature, wind patterns, and ocean circulation. The distributions of Walleye Pollock early life stages also differed between periods, with larval stages found further eastward on the shelf in warm years. Statistical analyses indicated that these spatial distributions were more closely related to temperature than to other covariates, though a mechanism has not been identified. The objective of this study was to determine if variable transport could be driving the observed differences in pollock distributions. An individual-based model of pollock early life stages was developed by coupling a hydrodynamic model to a particle-tracking model with biology and behavior. Simulation experiments were performed with the model to investigate the effects of wind on transport, ice presence on time of spawning, and water temperature on location of spawning. This modeling approach benefited from the ability to individually test mechanisms to quantitatively assess the impact of each on the distribution of pollock. Neither interannual variability in advection nor advances or delays in spawning time could adequately represent the observed differences in distribution between warm and cold years. Changes to spawning areas, particularly spatial contractions of spawning areas in cold years, resulted in modeled distributions that were most similar to observations. The location of spawning pollock in reference to cross-shelf circulation patterns is important in determining the distribution of eggs and larvae, warranting further study on the relationship between spawning adults and the physical environment. The different distributions of pollock early life stages between warm and cold years may ultimately affect recruitment by influencing the spatial overlap of pollock juveniles with prey and predators. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Petrik, Colleen M.; Mueter, Franz] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.] NOAA NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hedstrom, Katherine] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Supercomp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique N.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique N.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Petrik, CM (reprint author), UC Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, NOAA NMFS SWFSC, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cpetrik@ucsc.edu FU NSF [1108440] FX This manuscript benefitted from data provided by and discussions with Steve Barbeaux, Seth Danielson, and Elizabeth Siddon, the research completed by the BEST-BSIERP program, and reviews by Sarah Hinckley, Ann Matarese, Jeff Napp, Myron Peck, and two anonymous reviewers. We thank Frederic Castruccio for his initial work with ROMS and TRACMASS. This research was funded by NSF award 1108440. This research is EcoFOCI-0811 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations and BEST-BSIERP contribution number 144. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 SI SI BP 459 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.06.004 PN B PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CZ4XS UT WOS:000367107000010 ER PT J AU Richar, JI Kruse, GH Curchitser, E Hermann, AJ AF Richar, Jonathan I. Kruse, Gordon H. Curchitser, Enrique Hermann, Albert J. TI Patterns in connectivity and retention of simulated Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) larvae in the eastern Bering Sea SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SPATIAL DYNAMICS; TRANSPORT; RECRUITMENT; OPILIO; ALASKA; DISPERSAL; ECOSYSTEM; OCEAN AB The eastern Bering Sea (EBS) population of Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) has exhibited high variability in recruitment to the commercially exploited stock since the late 1970s. Concurrently, apparent shifts in crab distribution have also been observed. Larval advection patterns and associated local retention offer a potential mechanism for these observations. The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) was used to simulate larval Tanner crab advection patterns over 1978-2004 based on larval hatching sites inferred from the distributions of reproductive females sampled during annual National Marine Fisheries Service trawl surveys. Connectivity among EBS subregions was examined by comparing start and end float locations after 60 days of simulated drift. High levels of retention (>50% of floats) were observed in the majority of source subregions, and contributed significantly to the total number of endpoints in each region. Patterns in advection and resultant interregional connectivity were variable, with strongest sustained connectivity occurring along shelf, within individual domains. Increased settlement potential in the outer domain and southern middle domain after 1990 is consistent with an observed geographic shift in fishery productivity. Apparent reliance of Bristol Bay on local larval retention validates recent spatial fishery management to conserve this area as a subpopulation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Richar, Jonathan I.; Kruse, Gordon H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hermann, Albert J.] Univ Washington, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Richar, JI (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jirichar@alaska.edu; Gordon.Kruse@alaska.edu; enrique@marine.rutgers.edu; Albert.J.Hermann@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [505]; NPRB Graduate Student Research Award; Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center Fellowship; Alaska Sea Grant; UAF Center for Global Change Student Research Grant; Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce [NA06OAR4170013, E/142-01]; University of Alaska FX The authors are grateful for funding of this research by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB Publication No. 505), a NPRB Graduate Student Research Award, a Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center Fellowship, a fellowship from Alaska Sea Grant, and by a UAF Center for Global Change Student Research Grant with funds from the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research. Additional funding was provided by the Alaska Sea Grant with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce, under Grant No. NA06OAR4170013 (Project No. E/142-01), and from the University of Alaska with funds appropriated by the state. We thank Robert Foy of NMFS for providing crab survey data and both Joel Webb and Jie Zheng of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and Robert Foy for providing invaluable advice. Finally, we thank Drs Franz Meuter and Ginny Eckert of the University of Alaska Fairbanks School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences (UAF SFOS) and Jie Zheng for reviewing drafts of this manuscript. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 SI SI BP 475 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.08.001 PN B PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CZ4XS UT WOS:000367107000011 ER PT J AU Dorman, JG Sydeman, WJ Bograd, SJ Powell, TM AF Dorman, Jeffrey G. Sydeman, William J. Bograd, Steven J. Powell, Thomas M. TI An individual-based model of the krill Euphausia pacifica in the California Current SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; HYAS-ARANEUS DECAPODA; NORTH PACIFIC; OREGON COAST; POPULATION BIOLOGY; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; ANTARCTIC KRILL; SUPERBA DANA; BROOD SIZE AB Euphausia pacifica is an abundant and important prey resource for numerous predators of the California Current and elsewhere in the North Pacific. We developed an individual-based model (IBM) for E. pacifica to study its bioenergetics (growth, stage development, reproduction, and mortality) under constant/ideal conditions as well as under varying ocean conditions and food resources. To model E. pacifica under varying conditions, we coupled the IBM to an oceanographic-ecosystem model over the period 2000-2008 (9 years). Model results under constant/ideal food conditions compare favorably with experimental studies conducted under food unlimited conditions. Under more realistic variable oceanographic conditions, mean growth rates over the continental shelf were positive only when individuals migrated diurnally to the depth of maximum phytoplankton layer during nighttime feeding. Our model only used phytoplankton as prey and coastal growth rates were lower than expected (0.01 mm d(-1)), suggesting that a diverse prey base (zooplankton, protists, marine snow) may be required to facilitate growth and survival of modeled E. pacifica in the coastal environment. This coupled IBM-ROMS modeling framework and its parameters provides a tool for understanding the biology and ecology of E. pacifica and could be developed to further the understanding of climatic effects on this key prey species and enhance an ecosystem approach to fisheries and wildlife management in this region. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dorman, Jeffrey G.; Powell, Thomas M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dorman, Jeffrey G.; Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Dorman, JG (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM jdorman@faralloninstitute.org FU California Sea Grant Project [R/OPCENV-07, R/ENV-220] FX We gratefully thank the many communities that provide data to make a modeling project such as this possible: National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Asia-Pacific Data Research Center, National Oceanographic Data Center, NOAA-National Data Buoy Center, Bodega Ocean Observing Node, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center. Model development by the ROMS community and by Dr. Hal Batchelder have also been instrumental in this work. This research was supported by California Sea Grant Project R/OPCENV-07 and Project R/ENV-220. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 SI SI BP 504 EP 520 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.02.006 PN B PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CZ4XS UT WOS:000367107000013 ER PT J AU Watson, JR Stock, CA Sarmiento, JL AF Watson, James R. Stock, Charles A. Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI Exploring the role of movement in determining the global distribution of marine biomass using a coupled hydrodynamic - Size-based ecosystem model SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID COMPLEX FOOD WEBS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BODY-SIZE; FISHERIES; DYNAMICS; SCALE; POPULATION; STABILITY; IMPACTS; OCEAN AB Modeling the dynamics of marine populations at a global scale - from phytoplankton to fish - is necessary if we are to quantify how climate change and other broad-scale anthropogenic actions affect the supply of marine-based food. Here, we estimate the abundance and distribution of fish biomass using a simple size-based food web model coupled to simulations of global ocean physics and biogeochemistry. We focus on the spatial distribution of biomass, identifying highly productive regions - shelf seas, western boundary currents and major upwelling zones. In the absence of fishing, we estimate the total ocean fish biomass to be similar to 2.84 x 10(9) tonnes, similar to previous estimates. However, this value is sensitive to the choice of parameters, and further, allowing fish to move had a profound impact on the spatial distribution of fish biomass and the structure of marine communities. In particular, when movement is implemented the viable range of large predators is greatly increased, and stunted biomass spectra characterizing large ocean regions in simulations without movement, are replaced with expanded spectra that include large predators. These results highlight the importance of considering movement in global-scale ecological models. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Watson, James R.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Watson, James R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stock, Charles A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Watson, JR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jrwatson@princeton.edu OI Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU Nippon Foundation (NF) Nereus Program; NSF Coupled Natural-Human Systems grant [GEO-1211972] FX JW was part funded by the Nippon Foundation (NF) Nereus Program. JW was also funded by the NSF Coupled Natural-Human Systems grant GEO-1211972. We would like to further acknowledge Samraat Pawar, Ryan Rykaczewski, Juan Bonachela, Simon Levin and Jodi Elliott for their help in preparing this paper. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 SI SI BP 521 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.09.001 PN B PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CZ4XS UT WOS:000367107000014 ER PT J AU Woodworth-Jefcoats, PA Polovina, JJ Howell, EA Blanchard, JL AF Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A. Polovina, Jeffrey J. Howell, Evan A. Blanchard, Julia L. TI Two takes on the ecosystem impacts of climate change and fishing: Comparing a size-based and a species-based ecosystem model in the central North Pacific SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID MARLIN MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; YELLOWFIN TUNA; GLOBAL OCEAN; BODY-SIZE; FOOD WEBS; SCALE; BIOMASS; FISHERIES AB We compare two ecosystem model projections of 21st century climate change and fishing impacts in the central North Pacific. Both a species-based and a size-based ecosystem modeling approach are examined. While both models project a decline in biomass across all sizes in response to climate change and a decline in large fish biomass in response to increased fishing mortality, the models vary significantly in their handling of climate and fishing scenarios. For example, based on the same climate forcing the species-based model projects a 15% decline in catch by the end of the century while the size-based model projects a 30% decline. Disparities in the models' output highlight the limitations of each approach by showing the influence model structure can have on model output. The aspects of bottom-up change to which each model is most sensitive appear linked to model structure, as does the propagation of inter-annual variability through the food web and the relative impact of combined top-down and bottom-up change. Incorporating integrated size- and species-based ecosystem modeling approaches into future ensemble studies may help separate the influence of model structure from robust projections of ecosystem change. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.; Howell, Evan A.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Marine Biol Grad Program, Coll Nat Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Blanchard, Julia L.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Plant & Anim Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Blanchard, Julia L.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Blanchard, Julia L.] Univ Tasmania, Ctr Marine Socioecol, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Woodworth-Jefcoats, PA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633; Blanchard, Julia/0000-0003-0532-4824 FU UK NERC Marine Ecosystems Research Program FX We thank Jeff Drazen and members of the Drazen lab for fruitful discussion of an early version of this comparison. Melanie Abecassis and three anonymous reviewers provided comments that substantially improved this paper. J.L.B. was supported by the UK NERC Marine Ecosystems Research Program. This is SOEST contribution number 9298. NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 SI SI BP 533 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.04.004 PN B PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CZ4XS UT WOS:000367107000015 ER PT J AU Kim, JJ Stockhausen, W Kim, S Cho, YK Seo, GH Lee, JS AF Kim, Jung Jin Stockhausen, William Kim, Suam Cho, Yang-Ki Seo, Gwang-Ho Lee, Joon-Soo TI Understanding interannual variability in the distribution of, and transport processes affecting, the early life stages of Todarodes pacificus using behavioral-hydrodynamic modeling approaches SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID EAST CHINA SEA; MACKEREL TRACHURUS-JAPONICUS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CURRENT SYSTEM; WARM CURRENT; OKI ISLANDS; SHELF-BREAK; OMMASTREPHIDAE; CEPHALOPODA; SQUID AB To understand interannual variability in the distribution of the early life stages of Todarodes pacificus summer spawning population, and to identify the key transport processes influencing this variability, we used a coupled bio-physical model that combines an individual-based model (IBM) incorporating ontogenetic vertical migration for paralarval behavior and temperature-dependent survival process with a ROMS oceanographic model. Using the distribution of paralarvae observed in the northern East China Sea (ECS) during several field cruises as an end point, the spawning ground for the summer-spawning population was estimated to extend from southeast Jeju Island to the central ECS near 29 degrees N by running the model backwards in time. Running the model forward, interannual variability in the distribution of paralarvae predicted by the model was consistent with that observed in several field surveys; surviving individuals in the northern ECS were substantially more abundant in late July 2006 than in 2007, in agreement with observed paralarval distributions. The total number of surviving individuals at 60 days after release based on the simulation throughout summer spawning period (June-August) was 20,329 for 2006, compared with 13,816 for 2007. The surviving individuals were mainly distributed in the East/Japan Sea (EJS), corresponding to a pathway following the nearshore branch of the Tsushima Warm Current flowing along the Japanese coast during both years. In contrast, the abundance of surviving individuals was extremely low in 2007 compared to 2006 on the Pacific side of Japan. Interannual variability in transport and survival processes made a substantial impact on not only the abundance of surviving paralarvae, but also on the flux of paralarvae to adjacent waters. Our simulation results for between-year variation in paralarval abundance coincide with recruitment (year n + 1) variability of T. pacificus in the field. The agreement between the simulation and field data indicates our model may be useful for predicting the recruitment of T. pacificus. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Jung Jin; Lee, Joon-Soo] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Fishery & Ocean Informat Div, Busan 619705, South Korea. [Stockhausen, William] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kim, Suam] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Busan 608737, South Korea. [Cho, Yang-Ki; Seo, Gwang-Ho] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Res Inst Oceanog, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Kim, JJ (reprint author), Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Fishery & Ocean Informat Div, 216 GijangHaean Ro, Busan 619705, South Korea. EM king.jungjin@gmail.com FU research project "Research and data service of oceanic variation in Korea waters using ocean observation systems" of National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI) [RP-2014-ME-008] FX We are grateful to the editors and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a research project "Research and data service of oceanic variation in Korea waters using ocean observation systems" of the National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI) (RP-2014-ME-008). NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 SI SI BP 571 EP 583 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.04.003 PN B PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CZ4XS UT WOS:000367107000018 ER PT J AU Bell, JE Leeper, RD Palecki, MA Coopersmith, E Wilson, T Bilotta, R Embler, S AF Bell, Jesse E. Leeper, Ronald D. Palecki, Michael A. Coopersmith, Evan Wilson, Tim Bilotta, Rocky Embler, Scott TI Evaluation of the 2012 Drought with a Newly Established National Soil Monitoring Network SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE REFERENCE NETWORK; MOISTURE AB The NOAA United States Climate Reference Network (USCRN) deployed soil moisture sensors during 2009 to 2011 to monitor the temporal and spatial variability of soil moisture at 114 locations in the contiguous United States. These new soil observations will enhance our understanding of changing soil conditions for better drought monitoring. One year after full deployment of the network, a large drought occurred across most of the United States and provided an opportunity to evaluate the utility of this network for drought monitoring. The soil moisture signal of the 2012 drought in the continental United States was detected nationally at all observational depths (5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cm), with an overall 11.07% decrease from the average of the 2011 to 2013 summers. The top three depths (5, 10, and 20 cm) experienced the largest decrease in soil moisture. Although 2013 national precipitation totals returned to normal values and national soil moisture levels recovered from the 2012 drought, the national average soil moisture concentrations combined at the 50- and 100-cm depths remained around 18% below pre-drought levels. Regional analysis of the 2012 drought identified that the Upper Midwest, Northeast, Northern Rockies and Plains, and Ohio Valley climate regions were most impacted and demonstrated a temporal pattern similar to the national analysis. These results demonstrate the utility of using USCRN for monitoring national soil moisture conditions, assessing droughts, and tracking climate change with time. C1 [Bell, Jesse E.; Leeper, Ronald D.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Bell, Jesse E.; Leeper, Ronald D.; Palecki, Michael A.; Bilotta, Rocky; Embler, Scott] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Coopersmith, Evan] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wilson, Tim] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Bilotta, Rocky; Embler, Scott] ERT Inc, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Bell, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM jesse.bell@noaa.gov RI Wilson, Timothy/C-9863-2016 OI Wilson, Timothy/0000-0003-1785-5323 FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA14NES432003]; NOAA Climate Program Office FX This work was supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA14NES432003. The USCRN is supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office. We especially thank M. Kruk and M. Brewer for their review comments and suggestions. We also thank T. Caldwell and three external reviewers for their editorial assistance. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US government position, policy, or decision. Data from this study can be accessed at the NOAA USCRN webpage (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/crn/). NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 14 IS 11 DI 10.2136/vzj2015.02.0023 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA CZ6QL UT WOS:000367225700005 ER PT J AU Santoso, A Cai, WJ Collins, M McPhaden, M Jin, FF Guilyardi, E Vecchi, G Dommenget, D Wang, GJ AF Santoso, Agus Cai, Wenju Collins, Mat McPhaden, Mike Jin, Fei-Fei Guilyardi, Eric Vecchi, Gabriel Dommenget, Dietmar Wang, Guojian TI ENSO EXTREMES AND DIVERSITY Dynamics, Teleconnections, and Impacts SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Santoso, Agus] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Santoso, Agus] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Cai, Wenju; Wang, Guojian] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Collins, Mat] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [McPhaden, Mike] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Jin, Fei-Fei] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI USA. [Guilyardi, Eric] Univ Reading, NCAS Climate, Reading, Berks, England. [Guilyardi, Eric] IRD UPMC CNRS MNHN, Lab Oceanog & Climat Expt & Approches Numer LOCEA, Paris, France. [Vecchi, Gabriel] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Dommenget, Dietmar] Monash Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Dommenget, Dietmar] Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Clayton, Vic, Australia. RP Santoso, A (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, L4 Mathews Bldg, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM a.santoso@unsw.edu.au RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Guilyardi, Eric/D-4868-2011; Collins, Matthew/F-8473-2011; Cai, Wenju/C-2864-2012; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; Dommenget, Dietmar/B-9828-2011 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Guilyardi, Eric/0000-0002-2255-8625; Collins, Matthew/0000-0003-3785-6008; Dommenget, Dietmar/0000-0002-5129-7719 FU CSIRO; Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science FX This workshop was financially supported by CSIRO and the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science. Logistic support provided by the Climate Change Research Centre and the University of New South Wales is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Sarah Ineson, Harry Hendon, Neil Holbrook, and WonMoo Kim for proofreading this article and all participants for contributing to the workshop. Workshop program, abstracts, full report, participants list, and most presentations can be found at www.climatescience.org.au/content/806-enso-workshop-australia-2015. This workshop contributes to the objectives of CLIVAR of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and to the interests of the International Commission on Climate (ICCL) of International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS)/International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 96 IS 11 BP 1969 EP 1972 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00141.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3HM UT WOS:000366995000001 ER PT J AU Schaffer, KB AF Schaffer, Kim B. TI Expanding Continuous Authentication with Mobile Devices SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB More sophisticated methods of detecting user interaction with computers and smartphones are needed for better security and usability. Multimodal continuous authentication is one of the more promising authentication methods on the horizon. C1 [Schaffer, Kim B.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schaffer, KB (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kim.schaffer@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD NOV PY 2015 VL 48 IS 11 BP 92 EP 95 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA CY6FV UT WOS:000366504900014 ER PT J AU Cook, MA Massee, KC Wade, TH Oden, SM Jensen, C Jasonowicz, A Immerman, DA Goetz, FW AF Cook, Matthew A. Massee, Kenneth C. Wade, Thomas H. Oden, Sean M. Jensen, Cort Jasonowicz, Andrew Immerman, Douglas A. Goetz, Frederick W. TI Culture of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) larvae in four experimental tank designs SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Sablefish; Larvae; Tank design; Larval growth; Larval feeding ID LATES-CALCARIFER; DEFORMITIES; MORPHOLOGY; GROWTH AB The effects of tank design on live feed consumption, growth and survival of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbrie) were examined from first-feeding larvae to weaned sub-juveniles. Larvae were stocked into wide circular 1920 L (WC, 152 cm diameter x 121 cm deep), tall circular 960 L (TC, 104 cm diameter x 152 cm deep), rectangular 150 L (RT; 78 cm x 49 cm x 54 cm deep) and conical 150L (CO; 61 cm diameter (top), 20 cm (bottom) x 79 cm deep) tanks and reared under similar conditions and feed regimes. The experiment was conducted twice in close succession between March and August of 2012 and results from both trials were combined. At 20 days post first feeding (dpff), larvae from the WC and TC tanks were longer (p < 0.05) and consumed more Artemia than larvae from the CO tanks. The RT and CO treatments were terminated at 20 dpff due to poor survival. At 41 dpff, length, weight and SGR were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the WC and TC treatments (WC-26.33 +/- 0.71 mm, 145 +/- 45 mg, 2.63 1 +/- 0.19%; TC-26.45 +/- 1.19 mm, 113 +/- 40 mg, 2.76 +/- 1 0.65%). However, survival was better in the WC treatments (21.1%) compared to the TC tanks (13.2%). Differences observed in larval survival between tank designs were most likely related to the overall volumes of the tanks as well as the relationship between depth and surface area that may be necessary to maintain optimal flow patterns. Because there is no recent published information on culturing sablefish from spawning through the sub-juvenile stage, this manuscript also includes an expanded methods and materials covering these topics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cook, Matthew A.; Massee, Kenneth C.; Wade, Thomas H.; Goetz, Frederick W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div,Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Oden, Sean M.; Jensen, Cort; Immerman, Douglas A.] Ocean Associates INC, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. [Jasonowicz, Andrew] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98198 USA. RP Cook, MA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div,Manchester Res Stn, 7305 Beach Dr E, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM matt.cook@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 EI 1873-5614 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 69 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2015.09.003 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA CY0AL UT WOS:000366068200006 ER PT J AU Seung, CK Dalton, MG Punt, AE Poljak, D Foy, R AF Seung, Chang K. Dalton, Michael G. Punt, Andre E. Poljak, Dusanka Foy, Robert TI ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CHANGES IN AN ALASKA CRAB FISHERY FROM OCEAN ACIDIFICATION SO CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Ocean acidification; Alaska crab fisheries; economic impacts; bioeconomic model; computable general equilibrium ID RATIONAL-EXPECTATIONS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BRISTOL BAY; OVEREXPLOITATION; INVESTMENT; RESOURCE; MODELS; MARKET; YIELD AB A dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is linked to a bioeconomic model for the Bristol Bay red king crab (BBRKC) fishery to analyze regional economic impacts of ocean acidification (OA)-induced changes in fishery yields. Yield projections based on two alternative forms (linear versus nonlinear) of OA effects on the survival of juvenile BBRKC are compared to a baseline without OA effects. Results demonstrate considerable uncertainty in yields, and show that economic impacts are sensitive to the form of OA effects, and to changes in the world price of BBRKC (Q22, Q54, Q57, R13). C1 [Seung, Chang K.; Dalton, Michael G.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Poljak, Dusanka] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Foy, Robert] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Seung, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chang.Seung@noaa.gov; Michael.Dalton@noaa.gov; Robert.Foy@noaa.gov RI Poljak, Dragan/E-5951-2017 OI Poljak, Dragan/0000-0003-1205-4842 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 13 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 2010-0078 EI 2010-0086 J9 CLIM CHANG ECON JI Clim. Chang. Econ. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 6 IS 4 AR 1550017 DI 10.1142/S2010007815500177 PG 35 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA CY4AO UT WOS:000366351200003 ER PT J AU Gribble, MO Bartell, SM Kannan, K Wu, Q Faire, PA Kamen, DL AF Gribble, Matthew O. Bartell, Scott M. Kannan, Kurunthachalam Wu, Qian Faire, Patricia A. Kamen, Diane L. TI Longitudinal measures of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in serum of Gullah African Americans in South Carolina: 2003-2013 SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PEAS; Gullah; PFOA; PFOS; Biomonitoring; Contaminant trends ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID PFOA; PERFLUORINATED ALKYL ACIDS; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; ADULT-BLOOD DONORS; 2 GERMAN CITIES; POLYFLUOROALKYL COMPOUNDS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; PREGNANT-WOMEN AB Background: Charleston Harbor has elevated concentrations of PFAS in dolphins, but local human exposure data are limited. Objectives: We sought to describe PFAS serum concentrations' temporal trends among Gullah African American residents of coastal South Carolina. Methods: Longitudinal measures of PFAS in blood serum from a Gullah clinical sample, without lupus, were examined using spaghetti plots and visit-to-visit change scores (e.g., differences in concentrations between visits) among the 68 participants with repeated measures available. We also modeled population-level trends among the 71 participants with any data using proportionate percentile models, accounting for clustering through robust standard errors. In a post-hoc analysis we examined heterogeneity of temporal trends by age through mixed-effects models for the log-transformed PFAS compounds. Results: Population concentrations of PFOS dropped approximately 9 (95% CI: 8, 10) percent each year over 2003-2013. This was concordant with individual PFOS trajectories (median PFOS change score -21.7 ng/g wet weight, interquartile range of PFOS change scores: -32.8, -14.9) and reports for other populations over this time period. Several other compounds including PFOA, PFHxS, and PFuNDA also showed a population-level decrease. However, examination of individual trajectories suggested substantial heterogeneity. Post-hoc analyses indicated that PFAS trajectories were heterogeneous by age. Conclusions: Many PFAS compounds are decreasing in a sample of Gullah African Americans from coastal South Carolina. There may be age differences in the elimination kinetics of PFASs. The possible role of age as a modifier of PFAS serum trends merits further research. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gribble, Matthew O.] Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Div Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Bartell, Scott M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Program Publ Hlth, Irvine, CA USA. [Bartell, Scott M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Stat, Irvine, CA USA. [Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Wu, Qian] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Kannan, Kurunthachalam] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY USA. [Faire, Patricia A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Kamen, Diane L.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Gribble, MO (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. EM mgribble@usc.edu OI Gribble, Matthew/0000-0002-1614-2981 FU National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [R21 ES017934, P60 AR062755, UL1 RR029882]; "Environmental Genomics" T32 training grant from the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences [T32ES013678-07] FX Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers R21 ES017934 (DLK), P60 AR062755 (DLK) and UL1 RR029882 to MUSC. MOG was supported by an "Environmental Genomics" T32 training grant from the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (T32ES013678-07). The content of this publication is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. We thank all of the study participants for their time and commitment to the study. NR 87 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 143 SI SI BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.012 PN B PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CX8CX UT WOS:000365931300011 PM 25819541 ER PT J AU Babin, S Calafiore, G Peroz, C Conley, R Bouet, N Cabrini, S Chan, E Lacey, I McKinney, WR Yashchuk, VV Vladar, AE AF Babin, Sergey Calafiore, Giuseppe Peroz, Christophe Conley, Raymond Bouet, Nathalie Cabrini, Stefano Chan, Elaine Lacey, Ian McKinney, Wayne R. Yashchuk, Valeriy V. Vladar, Andras E. TI 1.5 nm fabrication of test patterns for characterization of metrological systems SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article AB Any metrology tool is only as good as it is calibrated. The characterization of metrology systems requires test patterns at a scale about ten times smaller than the measured features. The fabrication of patterns with linewidths down to 1.5 nm is described. The test sample was designed in such a way that the distribution of linewidths appears to be random at any location. This pseudorandom test pattern is used to characterize dimensional metrology equipment over its entire dynamic range by extracting the modulation transfer function of the system. The test pattern contains alternating lines of silicon and tungsten silicide, each according to its designed width. The fabricated test samples were imaged using a transmission electron microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and an atomic force microscope. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Babin, Sergey; Calafiore, Giuseppe; Peroz, Christophe] Abeam Technol Inc, Hayward, CA 94541 USA. [Conley, Raymond] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Conley, Raymond; Bouet, Nathalie] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Cabrini, Stefano; Chan, Elaine; Lacey, Ian; McKinney, Wayne R.; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vladar, Andras E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Babin, S (reprint author), Abeam Technol Inc, 22290 Foothill Blvd,St 2, Hayward, CA 94541 USA. EM sb@abeamtech.com OI Bouet, Nathalie/0000-0002-5816-9429 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Material Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; UC Office of the President [268826]; Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Programs [DE-SC0011352] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Programs under Award No. DE-SC0011352. Research at the Advanced Light Source and the Molecular Foundry at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Material Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Research at Brookhaven National Laboratory is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Research at Argonne National Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work was also supported in part by the UC Office of the President, Proof of Concept Grant ID No. 268826. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2015 VL 33 IS 6 AR 06FL01 DI 10.1116/1.4935253 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA CX9WE UT WOS:000366055600040 ER PT J AU Andrews, RW Reed, AP Cicak, K Teufel, JD Lehnert, KW AF Andrews, R. W. Reed, A. P. Cicak, K. Teufel, J. D. Lehnert, K. W. TI Quantum-enabled temporal and spectral mode conversion of microwave signals SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID STATE TRANSFER; MECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; LIGHT; NETWORK; PHOTONS; ATOMS AB Electromagnetic waves are ideal candidates for transmitting information in a quantum network as they can be routed rapidly and efficiently between locations using optical fibres or microwave cables. Yet linking quantum-enabled devices with cables has proved difficult because most cavity or circuit quantum electrodynamics systems used in quantum information processing can only absorb and emit signals with a specific frequency and temporal envelope. Here we show that the temporal and spectral content of microwave-frequency electromagnetic signals can be arbitrarily manipulated with a flexible aluminium drumhead embedded in a microwave circuit. The aluminium drumhead simultaneously forms a mechanical oscillator and a tunable capacitor. This device offers a way to build quantum microwave networks using separate and otherwise mismatched components. Furthermore, it will enable the preparation of non-classical states of motion by capturing non-classical microwave signals prepared by the most coherent circuit quantum electrodynamics systems. C1 [Andrews, R. W.; Reed, A. P.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andrews, R. W.; Reed, A. P.; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andrews, R. W.; Reed, A. P.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cicak, K.; Teufel, J. D.; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Andrews, RW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM reed.andrews@colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Teufel, John/A-8898-2010 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; AFOSR MURI [FA9550-15-1-0015]; National Science Foundation [1125844, DGE 1144083] FX This work was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, AFOSR MURI under grant number FA9550-15-1-0015, and the National Science Foundation under grant number 1125844. A.P.R. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant number DGE 1144083. We thank M.D. Schroer, J. Kerckhoff, T.A. Palomaki and T. Brown for discussions and advice. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 6 AR 10021 DI 10.1038/ncomms10021 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY4JO UT WOS:000366374600001 PM 26617386 ER PT J AU Barron, SC Patel, MP Nguyen, N Nguyen, NV Green, ML AF Barron, S. C. Patel, M. P. Nguyen, Nam Nguyen, N. V. Green, M. L. TI An apparatus for spatially resolved, temperature dependent reflectance measurements for identifying thermochromism in combinatorial thin film libraries SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-THROUGHPUT MEASUREMENTS; COMPOSITION-SPREAD APPROACH; METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; VANADIUM DIOXIDE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITION; MOTT TRANSITION AB A metrology and data analysis protocol is described for high throughput determination of thermochromic metal-insulator phase diagrams for lightly substituted VO2 thin films. The technique exploits the abrupt change in near infrared optical properties, measured in reflection, as an indicator of the temperature-or impurity-driven metal-insulator transition. Transition metal impurities were introduced in a complementary combinatorial synthesis process for producing thin film libraries with the general composition space V1-x-yMxM'O-y(2), with M and M' being transition metals and x and y varying continuously across the library. The measurement apparatus acquires reflectance spectra in the visible or near infrared at arbitrarily many library locations, each with a unique film composition, at temperatures of 1 degrees C-85 degrees C. Data collection is rapid and automated; the measurement protocol is computer controlled to automate the collection of thousands of reflectance spectra, representing hundreds of film compositions at tens of different temperatures. A straightforward analysis algorithm is implemented to extract key information from the thousands of spectra such as near infrared thermochromic transition temperatures and regions of no thermochromic transition; similarly, reflectance to the visible spectrum generates key information for materials selection of smart window materials. The thermochromic transition for 160 unique compositions on a thin film library with the general formula V1-x-yMxM'O-y(2) can be measured and described in a single 20 h experiment. The resulting impurity composition-temperature phase diagrams will contribute to the understanding of metal-insulator transitions in doped VO2 systems and to the development of thermochromic smart windows. C1 [Barron, S. C.; Patel, M. P.; Nguyen, Nam; Green, M. L.] NIST, Matl Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nguyen, N. V.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barron, SC (reprint author), NIST, Matl Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sara.barron@nist.gov NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 36 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 86 IS 11 AR 113903 DI 10.1063/1.4935477 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CX9VR UT WOS:000366054300033 PM 26628147 ER PT J AU Fletcher, RA AF Fletcher, Robert A. TI Electrostatic microprobe for determining charge domains on surfaces SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CONTACT ELECTRIFICATION; PROBE AB An electrostatic microprobe was developed to measure charge on wipes and various test surfaces. The device is constructed on an optical microscope platform utilizing a computer controlled XY stage. Test surfaces can be optically imaged to identify microscopic features that can be correlated to the measured charge domain maps. The ultimate goal is to quantify charge on wipe cloths to determine the influence of electrostatic forces on wipe sampling efficiency. We found that certain wipe materials do not extensively charge while others accumulate charge by making contact with other surfaces (through the triboelectric effect). Charge domains are found to be nonuniform. C1 [Fletcher, Robert A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fletcher, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.fletcher@nist.gov FU Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division (EXD) FX The author acknowledges a key design idea provided by Dr. Stephen Stranick, the aid of Matthew Staymates for constructing stage components to hold the electrostatic probe and the sample and valuable discussions with Jennifer Verkouteren. This work was funded by support from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division (EXD). NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 86 IS 11 AR 113702 DI 10.1063/1.4935168 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CX9VR UT WOS:000366054300025 PM 26628139 ER PT J AU Tarrio, C Berg, RF Lucatorto, TB Lairson, B Lopez, H Ayers, T AF Tarrio, C. Berg, R. F. Lucatorto, T. B. Lairson, B. Lopez, H. Ayers, T. TI Note: Thermally stable thin-film filters for high-power extreme-ultraviolet applications SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SILICON AB We investigated several types of thin-film filters for high intensity work in the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) spectral range. In our application, with a peak EUV intensity of 2.7Wcm(-2), Ni-mesh-backed Zr filters have a typical lifetime of 20 h, at which point they suffer from pinholes and a 50% loss of transmission. Initial trials with Si filters on Ni meshes resulted in rupture of the filters in less than an hour. A simple thermal calculation showed that the temperature rise in those filters to be about 634 K. A similar calculation indicated that using a finer mesh with thicker wires and made of Cu reduces the temperature increase to about 60 K. We have exposed a Si filter backed by such a mesh for more than 60 h with little loss of transmission and no leaks. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Tarrio, C.; Berg, R. F.; Lucatorto, T. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lairson, B.; Lopez, H.; Ayers, T.] Luxel Corp, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. RP Tarrio, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 86 IS 11 AR 116103 DI 10.1063/1.4935468 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CX9VR UT WOS:000366054300070 PM 26628184 ER PT J AU Gillen, G Najarro, M Wight, S Walker, M Verkouteren, J Windsor, E Barr, T Staymates, M Urbas, A AF Gillen, Greg Najarro, Marcela Wight, Scott Walker, Marlon Verkouteren, Jennifer Windsor, Eric Barr, Tim Staymates, Matthew Urbas, Aaron TI Particle Fabrication Using Inkjet Printing onto Hydrophobic Surfaces for Optimization and Calibration of Trace Contraband Detection Sensors SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE inkjet printing; drop-on-demand; particle fabrication; sample preparation; hydrophobic silicon; trace detection ID AMMONIUM-NITRATE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HIGH EXPLOSIVES; TECHNOLOGY; RDX; IONIZATION; SAMPLES; FLOW AB A method has been developed to fabricate patterned arrays of micrometer-sized monodisperse solid particles of ammonium nitrate on hydrophobic silicon surfaces using inkjet printing. The method relies on dispensing one or more microdrops of a concentrated aqueous ammonium nitrate solution from a drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjet printer at specific locations on a silicon substrate rendered hydrophobic by a perfluorodecytrichlorosilane monolayer coating. The deposited liquid droplets form into the shape of a spherical shaped cap; during the evaporation process, a deposited liquid droplet maintains this geometry until it forms a solid micrometer sized particle. Arrays of solid particles are obtained by sequential translation of the printer stage. The use of DOD inkjet printing for fabrication of discrete particle arrays allows for precise control of particle characteristics (mass, diameter and height), as well as the particle number and spatial distribution on the substrate. The final mass of an individual particle is precisely determined by using gravimetric measurement of the average mass of solution ejected per microdrop. The primary application of this method is fabrication of test materials for the evaluation of spatially-resolved optical and mass spectrometry based sensors used for detecting particle residues of contraband materials, such as explosives or narcotics. C1 [Gillen, Greg; Najarro, Marcela; Wight, Scott; Walker, Marlon; Verkouteren, Jennifer; Windsor, Eric; Barr, Tim; Staymates, Matthew; Urbas, Aaron] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gillen, G (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM greg.gillen@nist.gov; marcela.najarro@nist.gov; Scott.wight@nist.gov; Marlon.walker@nist.gov; Jennifer.verkouteren@nist.gov; eric.windsor@nist.gov; timothy.barr@nist.gov; matthew.staymates@nist.gov; aaron.urbas@nist.gov FU Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security [IAA HSHQPM-13-X-00112]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security sponsored the production of this material under Interagency Agreement IAA HSHQPM-13-X-00112 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 29 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD NOV PY 2015 VL 15 IS 11 BP 29618 EP 29634 DI 10.3390/s151129618 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CX4QW UT WOS:000365686400115 PM 26610515 ER PT J AU Palchaev, DK Murlieva, ZK Gadzhimagomedov, SH Iskhakov, ME Rabadanov, MK Abdulagatov, IM AF Palchaev, D. K. Murlieva, Zh. Kh. Gadzhimagomedov, S. H. Iskhakov, M. E. Rabadanov, M. Kh. Abdulagatov, I. M. TI Thermal Expansion and Electrical Resistivity Studies of Nickel and ARMCO Iron at High Temperatures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Asia Thermophysical Properties Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2013 CL Jeju, SOUTH KOREA DE Ferromagnetic; Magnetic contribution; Nickel; Resistivity; Thermal expansion; s-d-exchange energy ID HIGH-PURITY IRON; COEFFICIENT; METALS; CONDUCTIVITY; ALLOYS AB The electrical resistance, , and thermal expansion coefficient, , of nickel and ARMCO iron have been simultaneously measured over a wide temperature range from (300 to 1100) K. The well-known standard four-probe potentiometric method was used for measurements of the electrical resistance. The thermal expansion coefficient was measured using the quartz dilatometer technique. Both techniques were combined in the same apparatus for simultaneous measurements of the electrical resistance and TEC for the same specimen. The combined expanded uncertainty of the electrical resistance and thermal expansion coefficient measurements at the 95 % confidence level with a coverage factor of is estimated to be 0.5 % and (1.5 to 4.0) %, respectively. The distinct scattering contribution (phonon , magnetic , and residual ) terms were separated and extracted from the measured total resistivity. The physical nature and details of the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of solid materials and correct estimations of the contributions of various scattering mechanisms to the measured total resistivity were discussed in terms of the anharmonic effect. We experimentally found simple, universal, physically based, semiempirical linear correlations between the kinetic coefficient (electrical resistance) and a thermodynamic (equilibrium) property, the thermal expansion coefficient, of solid materials. The developed, physically based, correlation model has been successfully applied for nanoscale materials (ferromagnetic nickel nanowire). A new s-d-exchange interaction energy determination technique has been proposed. C1 [Palchaev, D. K.; Murlieva, Zh. Kh.; Gadzhimagomedov, S. H.; Iskhakov, M. E.; Rabadanov, M. Kh.] Dagestan State Univ, Makhachkala 367000, Russia. [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Inst Phys, Makhachkala 367005, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov RI Palchaev, Dair/E-8323-2014; OI Palchaev, Dair/0000-0002-3364-5927; Rabadanov, Murtazali/0000-0003-1857-7652 FU Russian Department of Science and Education [2560, 16.1103.2014/K] FX I.M. Abdulagatov acknowledges the opportunity provided by the Applied Chemicals and Materials Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to work as a Guest Researcher at NIST during the course of this research. The authors also thank Dr. A.K Raychaudhuri and Dr. M.V. Kamalakar for providing the experimental resistivity data for nickel nanowires. This work was supported by the Russian Department of Science and Education, Projects Numbers 2560 and 16.1103.2014/K. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 36 IS 10-11 BP 3186 EP 3210 DI 10.1007/s10765-015-1983-3 PG 25 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA CX2IV UT WOS:000365521300054 ER PT J AU Thorsen, TJ Fu, Q Newsom, RK Turner, DD Comstock, JM AF Thorsen, Tyler J. Fu, Qiang Newsom, Rob K. Turner, David D. Comstock, Jennifer M. TI Automated Retrieval of Cloud and Aerosol Properties from the ARM Raman Lidar. Part I: Feature Detection SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; TROPICAL CIRRUS CLOUDS; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; WATER-VAPOR; POLARIZATION LIDAR; REMOTE SENSORS; THIN CLOUDS; A-TRAIN; MICROPULSE; PROFILES AB A feature detection and extinction retrieval (FEX) algorithm for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's (ARM) Raman lidar (RL) has been developed. Presented here is Part I of the FEX algorithm: the detection of features including both clouds and aerosols. The approach of FEX is to use multiple quantities scattering ratios derived using elastic and nitrogen channel signals from two fields of view, the scattering ratio derived using only the elastic channel, and the total volume depolarization ratioto identify features using range-dependent detection thresholds. FEX is designed to be context sensitive with thresholds determined for each profile by calculating the expected clear-sky signal and noise. The use of multiple quantities provides complementary depictions of cloud and aerosol locations and allows for consistency checks to improve the accuracy of the feature mask. The depolarization ratio is shown to be particularly effective at detecting optically thin features containing nonspherical particles, such as cirrus clouds. Improvements over the existing ARM RL cloud mask are shown. The performance of FEX is validated against a collocated micropulse lidar and observations from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite over the ARM Darwin, Australia, site. While the focus is on a specific lidar system, the FEX framework presented here is suitable for other Raman or high spectral resolution lidars. C1 [Thorsen, Tyler J.; Fu, Qiang] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Newsom, Rob K.; Comstock, Jennifer M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Thorsen, TJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, ATG 408,Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tylert@atmos.washington.edu FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0010557, DE-SC0006898]; NASA [NNX14AB28G, NNX13AN49G]; DOE ASR; DOE ARM FX The Raman lidar, radiosonde, sun photometer, microwave radiometer, and micropulse lidar datasets were obtained from the ARM data archive (www.archive.arm.gov). The CALIPSO data sets were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. This work was greatly improved by the excellent reviews of J. Campbell, M. Vaughan, and one anonymous reviewer. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy through Grants DE-SC0010557 (T.J. Thorsen and Q. Fu) and DE-SC0006898 (D.D. Turner). It was also supported by NASA Grants NNX14AB28G (Q. Fu) and NNX13AN49G (T.J. Thorsen and Q. Fu). J.M. Comstock and R.K. Newsom were supported by both DOE ASR and ARM. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1977 EP 1998 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00150.1 PG 22 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX3MO UT WOS:000365603300001 ER PT J AU Hicks, M Sakai, R Joseph, E AF Hicks, Micheal Sakai, Ricardo Joseph, Everette TI The Evaluation of a New Method to Detect Mixing Layer Heights Using Lidar Observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Boundary layer; Microscale processes; variability; Observational techniques and algorithms; Algorithms ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; ENTRAINMENT ZONE THICKNESS; OPERATIONAL RAMAN LIDAR; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; WATER-VAPOR; BACKSCATTER; AEROSOLS; RADIOSONDE; PROFILES; PROGRAM AB A new automatic mixing layer height detection method for lidar observations of aerosol backscatter profiles is presented and evaluated for robustness. The new detection method incorporates the strengths of Steyn et al.'s error function-ideal profile (ERF) method and Davis et al.'s wavelet covariance transform (WCT) method. These two methods are critical components of the new method, and their robustness is also evaluated and then contrasted to the new method. The new method is applied to aerosol backscatter observations in two ways: 1) by looking for the most realistic mixing height throughout the entire profile and 2) by searching for mixing height below significant elevated obscurations (e.g., clouds or aerosol layers). The first approach is referred to as the hybrid method and the second as the hybrid-lowest method. Coincident radiosounding observations of mixing heights are used to independently reference the lidar-based estimates.There were 4030 cases examined over a 5-yr period for mixing heights. The efficacy of the lidar-based methods was determined based on diurnal, seasonal, stability, and sky obscuration conditions. Of these conditions, the hybrid method performed best for unstable and cloudy situations. It determined mixing heights reliably (less than +/- 0.30-km bias) for close to 70% of those cases. The hybrid-lowest method performed best in stable and clear-sky conditions; it determined mixing heights reliably for over 70% of those cases. The WCT method performed the best overall. C1 [Hicks, Micheal] Natl Weather Serv, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. [Sakai, Ricardo; Joseph, Everette] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Hicks, M (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 43741 Weather Serv Rd, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. EM micheal.m.hicks@noaa.gov; ricardo.k.sakai@howard.edu; ejosgm@gmail.com FU NOAA Educational Partnership Program [NA17AE1625]; NOAA [NA17AE1623]; National Atmospheric and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX08BA42A] FX This research was partially funded by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program Grant NA17AE1625 and NOAA Grant NA17AE1623 to establish the NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences (NCAS) at Howard University. It was also partially funded by the National Atmospheric and Space Administration (NASA) Research Cooperative Agreement NNX08BA42A. The authors acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, ARM Climate Research Facility for making such a rich dataset of atmospheric observations readily available. The authors also acknowledge the anonymous reviewers and journal editor who provided helpful insight and valuable comments. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2041 EP 2051 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00103.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX3MO UT WOS:000365603300004 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC Lyman, JM Purkey, SG AF Johnson, Gregory C. Lyman, John M. Purkey, Sarah G. TI Informing Deep Argo Array Design Using Argo and Full- Depth Hydrographic Section Data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SEA-LEVEL; PROFILING FLOATS; LABRADOR SEA; GLOBAL OCEAN; CIRCULATION; HEAT; ICE; JETS AB Data from full-depth closely sampled hydrographic sections and Argo floats are analyzed to inform the design of a future Deep Argo array. Here standard errors of local decadal temperature trends and global decadal trends of ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level anomalies integrated from 2000 to 6000 dbar are estimated for a hypothetical 5 degrees latitude x 5 degrees longitude x 15-day cycle Deep Argo array. These estimates are made using temperature variances from closely spaced full-depth CTD profiles taken during hydrographic sections. The temperature data along each section are high passed laterally at a 500-km scale, and the resulting variances are averaged in 5 degrees x 5 degrees bins to assess temperature noise levels as a function of pressure and geographic location. A mean global decorrelation time scale of 62 days is estimated using temperature time series at 1800 dbar from Argo floats. The hypothetical Deep Argo array would be capable of resolving, at one standard error, local trends from <1 m degrees C decade(-1) in the quiescent abyssal North Pacific to about 26 m degrees C decade(-1) below 2000 dbar along 50 degrees S in the energetic Southern Ocean. Larger decadal temperature trends have been reported previously in these regions using repeat hydrographic section data, but those very sparse data required substantial spatial averaging to obtain statistically significant results. Furthermore, the array would provide decadal global ocean heat content trend estimates from 2000 to 6000 dbar with a standard error of +/- 3 TW, compared to a trend standard error of +/- 17 TW from a previous analysis of repeat hydrographic data. C1 [Johnson, Gregory C.; Lyman, John M.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lyman, John M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Purkey, Sarah G.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA research; LDEO postdoctoral fellowship FX We thank everyone who helped to collect, calibrate, process, and archive the WOCE, CLIVAR, and GO-SHIP hydrographic section data. Argo data are collected and made freely available by the international Argo program, which is part of the Global Ocean Observing System, and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu, http://argo.jcommops.org). GCJ and JML are supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office and NOAA research. SGP is supported through an LDEO postdoctoral fellowship. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2187 EP 2198 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0139.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX3MO UT WOS:000365603300015 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH Lu, YF DelRio, FW Cho, TJ Guha, S Zachariah, MR Zhang, F Allen, A Hackley, VA AF Tsai, De-Hao Lu, Yi-Fu DelRio, Frank W. Cho, Tae Joon Guha, Suvajyoti Zachariah, Michael R. Zhang, Fan Allen, Andrew Hackley, Vincent A. TI Orthogonal analysis of functional gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Interface; Surface analysis; Kinetics ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SURFACE; NANOMEDICINES; NANOMATERIALS; ADSORPTION; DENSITY; BIOLOGY AB We report a comprehensive strategy based on implementation of orthogonal measurement techniques to provide critical and verifiable material characteristics for functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) used in biomedical applications. Samples were analyzed before and after approximate to 50 months of cold storage (approximate to 4 degrees C). Biomedical applications require long-term storage at cold temperatures, which could have an impact on AuNP therapeutics. Thiolated polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG)-conjugated AuNPs with different terminal groups (methyl-, carboxylic-, and amine-) were chosen as a model system due to their high relevancy in biomedical applications. Electrospray-differential mobility analysis, asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and small-angle Xray scattering were employed to provide both complementary and orthogonal information on (1) particle size and size distribution, (2) particle concentrations, (3) molecular conjugation properties (i.e., conformation and surface packing density), and (4) colloidal stability. Results show that SH-PEGs were conjugated on the surface of AuNPs to form a brush-like polymer corona. The surface packing density of SH-PEG was approximate to 0.42 nm(-2) for the methyl-PEG-SH AuNPs, approximate to 0.26 nm-2 for the amine-SH-PEG AuNPs, and approximate to 0.18 nm-2 for the carboxylic-PEG-SH AuNPs before cold storage, approximately 10% of its theoretical maximum value. The conformation of surface-bound SH-PEGs was then estimated to be in an intermediate state between brush-like and random-coiled, based on the measured thicknesses in liquid and in dry states. By analyzing the change in particle size distribution and number concentration in suspension following cold storage, the long term colloidal stability of AuNPs was shown to be significantly improved via functionalization with SH-PEG, especially in the case of methyl-PEG-SH and carboxylic-PEG-SH (i.e., we estimate that >80 % of SH-PEG5K remained on the surface of AuNPs during storage). The work described here provides a generic strategy to track and analyze the material properties of functional AuNPs intended for biomedical applications, and highlights the importance of a multi-technique analysis. The effects of long term storage on the physical state of the particles, and on the stability of the ligand-AuNP conjugates, are employed to demonstrate the capacity of this approach to address critical issues relevant to clinical applications. C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; DelRio, Frank W.; Cho, Tae Joon; Zhang, Fan; Allen, Andrew; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tsai, De-Hao; Lu, Yi-Fu] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Tsai, DH (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dhtsai@mx.nthu.edu.tw; vince.hackley@nist.gov FU Ministry of Science and Technology of Republic of China (Taiwan) [NSC102-2218-E-007-015-MY2]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Divisions of Chemistry (CHE) and Materials Research (DMR), National Science Foundation [NSF/CHE-1346572] FX The authors thank Katherine Tyner at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, for providing test samples used in this study and for helpful comments. The authors also thank Hsiao-Fang Wang and Rong-Ming Ho at NTHU for assistance in TEM. DHT and YFL thank the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China (Taiwan), for financial support of this research under Contract no. Grant NSC102-2218-E-007-015-MY2.; Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the Divisions of Chemistry (CHE) and Materials Research (DMR), National Science Foundation, under grant number NSF/CHE-1346572. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 33 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 407 IS 28 BP 8411 EP 8422 DI 10.1007/s00216-015-9011-9 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CW7HN UT WOS:000365168900003 PM 26362156 ER PT J AU Nelson, MA Bedner, M Lang, BE Toman, B Lippa, KA AF Nelson, Michael A. Bedner, Mary Lang, Brian E. Toman, Blaza Lippa, Katrice A. TI Metrological approaches to organic chemical purity: primary reference materials for vitamin D metabolites SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Purity; qNMR; Data combination; Vitamin D; Primary standard; Metrology ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MASS-BALANCE METHOD; QUANTITATIVE NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; UNCERTAINTY AB Given the critical role of pure, organic compound primary reference standards used to characterize and certify chemical Certified Reference Materials (CRMs), it is essential that associated mass purity assessments be fit-for-purpose, represented by an appropriate uncertainty interval, and metrologically sound. The mass fraction purities (% g/g) of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) reference standards used to produce and certify values for clinical vitamin D metabolite CRMs were investigated by multiple orthogonal quantitative measurement techniques. Quantitative H-1-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) was performed to establish traceability of these materials to the International System of Units (SI) and to directly assess the principal analyte species. The 25(OH)D standards contained volatile and water impurities, as well as structurally-related impurities that are difficult to observe by chromatographic methods or to distinguish from the principal 25(OH)D species by one-dimensional NMR. These impurities have the potential to introduce significant biases to purity investigations in which a limited number of measurands are quantified. Combining complementary information from multiple analytical methods, using both direct and indirect measurement techniques, enabled mitigation of these biases. Purities of 25(OH)D reference standards and associated uncertainties were determined using frequentist and Bayesian statistical models to combine data acquired via qNMR, liquid chromatography with UV absorbance and atmospheric pressure-chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection (LC-UV, LC-ACPI-MS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Karl Fischer (KF) titration. C1 [Nelson, Michael A.; Bedner, Mary; Lippa, Katrice A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lang, Brian E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toman, Blaza] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nelson, MA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.nelson@nist.gov FU National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements (NIH-ODS) FX Partial funding for this work was provided by the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements (NIH-ODS). Some of the statistical analyses of results presented in this work were performed by James Yen of the NIST Statistical Engineering Division, Gaithersburg, MD. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 20 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 407 IS 28 BP 8557 EP 8569 DI 10.1007/s00216-015-9013-7 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CW7HN UT WOS:000365168900017 PM 26345446 ER PT J AU Farnam, Y Dick, S Wiese, A Davis, J Bentz, D Weiss, J AF Farnam, Yaghoob Dick, Sarah Wiese, Andrew Davis, Jeffrey Bentz, Dale Weiss, Jason TI The influence of calcium chloride deicing salt on phase changes and damage development in cementitious materials SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Calcium oxychloride; Concrete; Deicing salt; Freeze-thaw; Damage; Phase change ID FREEZE-THAW; SYSTEM CAO-AL2O3-CACL2-H2O; OXYCHLORIDE FORMATION; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; CONCRETE; CRYSTALLIZATION; MECHANISMS; SATURATION; STABILITY; MORTAR AB The conventional CaCl2 H2O phase diagram is often used to describe how calcium chloride behaves when it is used on a concrete pavement undergoing freeze-thaw damage. However, the chemistry of the concrete can alter the appropriateness of using the CaCl2 H2O phase diagram. This study shows that the Ca(OH)(2) present in a hydrated portland cement can interact with CaCl2 solution creating a behavior that is similar to that observed in isoplethal sections of a ternary phase diagram for a Ca(OH)(2)-CaCl2-H2O system. As such, it is suggested that such isoplethal sections provide a reasonable model that can be used to describe the behavior of concrete exposed to CaCl2 solution as the temperature changes. Specifically, the Ca(OH)(2) can react with CaCl2 and H2O resulting in the formation of calcium oxychloride. The formation of the calcium oxychloride is expansive and can produce damage in concrete at temperatures above freezing. Its formation can also cause a significant decrease in fluid ingress into concrete. For solutions with CaCl2 concentrations greater than about 11.3% (by mass), it is found that calcium oxychloride forms rapidly and is stable at room temperature (23 degrees C). (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Farnam, Yaghoob; Dick, Sarah; Wiese, Andrew] Purdue Univ, Lyles Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Davis, Jeffrey] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bentz, Dale] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Weiss, Jason] Purdue Univ, Lyles Sch Civil Engn, Pankow Mat Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Farnam, Y (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Lyles Sch Civil Engn, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM yfarnam@purdue.edu; dicks@purdue.edu; awiese@purdue.edu; jeff.davis@nist.gov; dale.bentz@nist.gov; wjweiss@purdue.edu OI Weiss, William/0000-0003-2859-7980 FU Joint Transportation Research Program FX This work was supported in part by the Joint Transportation Research Program administered by the Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University under SPR 3523. The work described in this paper was conducted in the Pankow Materials Laboratory at Purdue University and the Accelerated Pavement Testing facility at INDOT, and the authors would like to acknowledge the support that has made its operation possible. The contents of this paper reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein, and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Federal Highway Administration and the Indiana Department of Transportation, nor do the contents constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 EI 1873-393X J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 64 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.09.006 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA CW3HO UT WOS:000364882800001 PM 26692655 ER PT J AU Wells, ML Trainer, VL Smayda, TJ Karlson, BSO Trick, CG Kudela, RM Ishikawa, A Bernard, S Wulff', A Anderson, DM Cochlan, WP AF Wells, Mark L. Trainer, Vera L. Smayda, Theodore J. Karlson, Bengt S. O. Trick, Charles G. Kudela, Raphael M. Ishikawa, Akira Bernard, Stewart Wulff, Angela Anderson, Donald M. Cochlan, William P. TI Harmful algal blooms and climate change: Learning from the past and present to forecast the future SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Harmful algal blooms; HAB; Climate change ID DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; DINOFLAGELLATE GYMNODINIUM-CATENATUM; PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA-MULTISERIES; PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; HETEROSIGMA-AKASHIWO RAPHIDOPHYCEAE; CO2 CONCENTRATING MECHANISMS; INORGANIC CARBON ACQUISITION; NORTHERN BALTIC SEA; SETO INLAND SEA AB Climate change pressures will influence marine planktonic systems globally, and it is conceivable that harmful algal blooms may increase in frequency and severity. These pressures will be manifest as alterations in temperature, stratification, light, ocean acidification, precipitation-induced nutrient inputs, and grazing, but absence of fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms driving harmful algal blooms frustrates most hope of forecasting their future prevalence. Summarized here is the consensus of a recent workshop held to address what currently is known and not known about the environmental conditions that favor initiation and maintenance of harmful algal blooms. There is expectation that harmful algal bloom (HAB) geographical domains should expand in some cases, as will seasonal windows of opportunity for harmful algal blooms at higher latitudes. Nonetheless there is only basic information to speculate upon which regions or habitats HAB species may be the most resilient or susceptible. Moreover, current research strategies are not well suited to inform these fundamental linkages. There is a critical absence of tenable hypotheses for how climate pressures mechanistically affect HAB species, and the lack of uniform experimental protocols limits the quantitative cross-investigation comparisons essential to advancement. A HAB "best practices" manual would help foster more uniform research strategies and protocols, and selection of a small target list of model HAB species or isolates for study would greatly promote the accumulation of knowledge. Despite the need to focus on keystone species, more studies need to address strain variability within species, their responses under multifactorial conditions, and the retrospective analyses of long-term plankton and cyst core data; research topics that are departures from the norm. Examples of some fundamental unknowns include how larger and more frequent extreme weather events may break down natural biogeographic barriers, how stratification may enhance or diminish HAB events, how trace nutrients (metals, vitamins) influence cell toxicity, and how grazing pressures may leverage, or mitigate HAB development. There is an absence of high quality time-series data in most regions currently experiencing HAB outbreaks, and little if any data from regions expected to develop HAB events in the future. A subset of observer sites is recommended to help develop stronger linkages among global, national, and regional climate change and HAB observation programs, providing fundamental datasets for investigating global changes in the prevalence of harmful algal blooms. Forecasting changes in HAB patterns over the next few decades will depend critically upon considering harmful algal blooms within the competitive context of plankton communities, and linking these insights to ecosystem, oceanographic and climate models. From a broader perspective, the nexus of HAB science and the social sciences of harmful algal blooms is inadequate and prevents quantitative assessment of impacts of future HAB changes on human wellbeing. These and other fundamental changes in HAB research will be necessary if HAB science is to obtain compelling evidence that climate change has caused alterations in HAB distributions, prevalence or character, and to develop the theoretical, experimental, and empirical evidence explaining the mechanisms underpinning these ecological shifts. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wells, Mark L.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Biotoxins Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Smayda, Theodore J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Karlson, Bengt S. O.] SMHI Res & Dev, Oceanog, S-42671 Vastra Frolunda, Sweden. [Trick, Charles G.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Kudela, Raphael M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ishikawa, Akira] Mie Univ, Grad Sch Bioresources, Lab Biol Oceanog, Tsu, Mie 5148507, Japan. [Bernard, Stewart] CSIR NRE Ctr High Performance Comp, Earth Syst Earth Observat, ZA-7700 Cape Town, South Africa. [Wulff, Angela] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Anderson, Donald M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cochlan, William P.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. RP Wells, ML (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM mlwells@maine.edu; vera.l.trainer@noaa.gov; tsmayda@uri.edu; Bengt.Karlson@smhi.se; trick@uwo.ca; kudela@ucsc.edu; ishikawa@bio.mie-u.ac.jp; sbernard@csir.co.za; angela.wulff@bioenv.gu.se; danderson@whoi.edu; cochlan@sfsu.edu FU PICES; GEOHAB; U.S. National Office for Marine Biotoxins and Harmful Algal Blooms, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; SCOR-IOC GEOHAB; National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-1131657, OCE 1130748, OCE-1128041, OCE-1314642]; NOAA NCCOS grants [NA10NOS4780161, NA10NOS4780160]; Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [1-P50-ES021923-01]; California Sea Grant; California Ocean Protection Council [R/OPCCONT-12 A 10]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant [NNX13AL28G]; NOAA award [NA11NOS4780030] FX Support for the workshop organized under the auspices of PICES and GEOHAB and endorsed by ICES was provided by the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), the U.S. National Office for Marine Biotoxins and Harmful Algal Blooms, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and SCOR-IOC GEOHAB. Additional support for MLW, CGT, and WPC was from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants OCE-1131657 and OCE 1130748 and NOAA NCCOS grants NA10NOS4780161 and NA10NOS4780160, respectively. Support for DMA was provided through the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants OCE-1128041 and OCE-1314642; and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Grant 1-P50-ES021923-01. Support for RMK was provided through California Sea Grant and California Ocean Protection Council award R/OPCCONT-12 A 10, National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant NNX13AL28G, and the NOAA award NA11NOS4780030. We express our sincere appreciation to G. Hallegraeff, S. Moore, and an anonymous reviewer for their contributions that improved this work. This is ECOHAB Contribution ECO829.; [SS] NR 327 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 49 U2 155 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD NOV PY 2015 VL 49 BP 68 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2015.07.009 PG 26 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CW5TB UT WOS:000365058400008 PM 27011761 ER PT J AU Blumberg, WG Turner, DD Lohnert, U Castleberry, S AF Blumberg, W. G. Turner, D. D. Loehnert, U. Castleberry, S. TI Ground-Based Temperature and Humidity Profiling Using Spectral Infrared and Microwave Observations. Part II: Actual Retrieval Performance in Clear-Sky and Cloudy Conditions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Thermodynamics; Profilers; atmospheric; Remote sensing; Soundings ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; WATER-VAPOR PROFILES; INFORMATION-CONTENT; RADIOMETER; AERI; CALIBRATION; ATMOSPHERE; SATELLITE; FACILITY; INDEXES AB Although current upper-air observing systems provide an impressive array of observations, many are deficient in observing the temporal evolution of the boundary layer thermodynamic profile. Ground-based remote sensing instruments such as the multichannel microwave radiometer (MWR) and Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) are able to provide profiles of temperature and water vapor through the boundary layer at 5-min resolution or better. Previous work compared these instruments through optimal-estimation retrievals on simulated clear-sky spectra to evaluate the retrieval accuracy and information content of each instrument. In this study, this method is duplicated using real observations from collocated MWR and AERI instruments from a field campaign in southwestern Germany. When compared with radiosondes, this study confirms the previous results that AERI retrievals are more accurate than MWR retrievals in clear-sky and below-cloud-base profiling. These results demonstrate that the AERI has nearly 2 times as much information as the MWR. C1 [Blumberg, W. G.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Loehnert, U.] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Cologne, Germany. [Castleberry, S.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Blumberg, WG (reprint author), OU CIMMS, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM wblumberg@ou.edu RI Lohnert, Ulrich/C-3303-2013 OI Lohnert, Ulrich/0000-0002-9023-0269 FU NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory; Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research (ASR) [DE-SC0006898]; German Research Foundation (DFG) within the priority program SPP 1167 Quantitative Precipitation Forecast [WU 356/4-2] FX This work was supported by NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory, the Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Grant DE-SC0006898, and the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the priority program SPP 1167 Quantitative Precipitation Forecast under Grants WU 356/4-2. The data used in this paper were collected as part of the ARM Climate Research Facility and are available from the ARM data archive (http://www.archive.arm.gov). The authors thank the ARM staff, for setting up the Black Forest Mobile Facility, and scientists and students at the University of Cologne, who operated the HATPRO. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve the clarity of this paper. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 54 IS 11 BP 2305 EP 2319 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0005.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX1WE UT WOS:000365485500001 ER PT J AU Mountain, RD Harvey, AH AF Mountain, Raymond D. Harvey, Allan H. TI Molecular Dynamics Evaluation of Dielectric Constant Mixing Rules for H2O-CO2 at Geologic Conditions SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Dielectric constant; Geochemistry; Mixtures; Relative permittivity; Water ID PARTIAL MOLAL PROPERTIES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIGH-PRESSURES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; THEORETICAL PREDICTION; AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES; DEEP EARTH; WIDE-RANGE; TEMPERATURES; MIXTURES AB Modeling of mineral reaction equilibria and aqueous-phase speciation of C-O-H fluids requires the dielectric constant of the fluid mixture, which is not known from experiment and is typically estimated by some rule for mixing pure component values. In order to evaluate different proposed mixing rules, we use molecular dynamics simulation to calculate the dielectric constant of a model H2O-CO2 mixture at temperatures of 700 and 1000 K at pressures up to 3 GPa. We find that theoretically based mixing rules that depend on combining the molar polarizations of the pure fluids systematically overestimate the dielectric constant of the mixture, as would be expected for mixtures of nonpolar and strongly polar components. The commonly used semiempirical mixing rule due to Looyenga works well for this system at the lower pressures studied but somewhat underestimates the dielectric constant at higher pressures and densities, especially at the water-rich end of the composition range. C1 [Mountain, Raymond D.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Harvey, Allan H.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Harvey, AH (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM raymond.mountain@nist.gov; aharvey@boulder.nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 EI 1572-8927 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 44 IS 11 BP 2179 EP 2193 DI 10.1007/s10953-015-0401-6 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CW7NZ UT WOS:000365187400006 PM 26664009 ER PT J AU Usmanov, RA Mazanov, SV Gabitova, AR Miftakhova, LK Gumerov, FM Musin, RZ Abdulagatov, IM AF Usmanov, Rustam A. Mazanov, Sergei V. Gabitova, Asiya R. Miftakhova, Lina Kh. Gumerov, Farid M. Musin, Rashid Z. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. TI The Effect of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters Concentration on the Kinematic Viscosity of Biodiesel Fuel SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY; TOPOLOGICAL INDEX METHOD; VEGETABLE-OIL FUELS; SURFACE-TENSION; DIESEL-ENGINES; SOYBEAN OIL; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; METHYL-ESTERS; PALM OIL AB Several biodiesel fuel samples produced from rapeseed oil by the noncatalyzed transesterification reaction with supercritical ethanol at various temperatures from (593 to 653) K and molar ethanol to rapeseed oil ratios from (6:1 to 20:1) were used to measure kinematic viscosity. Measurements were made using the capillary viscometer (VPZ-2, Labtex Corn., Moscow). The combined expanded uncertainty of the kinematic viscosity measurements at the 95 % confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.35 %. All measurements were made at temperature of 313.5 K (ASTM D445) and at atmospheric pressure. The effect of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) content on the kinematic viscosity of biodiesel fuel samples at 313.15 K was studied. The correlation between the FAEEs concentration in biodiesel fuel samples and their measured kinematic viscosity at 313.15 K was found. The derived correlation between the kinematic viscosity and the FAEEs contents allows controlling the progress of the rapeseed oil transesterification process with supercritical ethanol. C1 [Usmanov, Rustam A.; Mazanov, Sergei V.; Gabitova, Asiya R.; Miftakhova, Lina Kh.; Gumerov, Farid M.] Kazan Natl Res Technol Univ, Kazan, Russia. [Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.] Russian Acad Sci, Geothermal Res Inst, IBHP, Moscow, Russia. [Musin, Rashid Z.] Russian Acad Sci, AE Arbuzov Inst Organ & Phys Chem, Kazan Sci Ctr, IBHP, Moscow, Russia. [Musin, Rashid Z.] Russian Acad Sci, NM Emanuel Inst Biochem Phys, IBHF, Moscow, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov FU Russian Foundation of Basic Research [13-03-12078]; Russian Scientific Fund [14-19-00749] FX The authors thank Russian Foundation of Basic Research No. 13-03-12078-office and Russian Scientific Fund (No. 14-19-00749) for the financial support. NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD NOV PY 2015 VL 60 IS 11 BP 3404 EP 3413 DI 10.1021/acs.jced.5b00683 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA CW2BR UT WOS:000364796600042 ER PT J AU Link, JS Pranovi, F Libralato, S Coll, M Christensen, V Solidoro, C Fulton, EA AF Link, Jason S. Pranovi, Fabio Libralato, Simone Coll, Marta Christensen, Villy Solidoro, Cosimo Fulton, Elizabeth A. TI Emergent Properties Delineate Marine Ecosystem Perturbation and Recovery SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID TROPHIC LEVELS; FOOD WEBS; BIOMASS ACCUMULATION; BLACK-SEA; INDICATORS; FISHERIES; ECOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY; INDEX; OCEAN AB Whether there are common and emergent patterns from marine ecosystems remains an important question because marine ecosystems provide billions of dollars of ecosystem services to the global community, but face many perturbations with significant consequences. Here, we develop cumulative trophic patterns for marine ecosystems, featuring sigmoidal cumulative biomass (cumB)-trophic level (TL) and 'hockey-stick' production (cumP)-cumB curves. The patterns have a trophodynamic theoretical basis and capitalize on emergent, fundamental, and invariant features of marine ecosystems. These patterns have strong global support, being observed in over 120 marine ecosystems. Parameters from these curves elucidate the direction and magnitude of marine ecosystem perturbation or recovery; if biomass and productivity can be monitored effectively over time, such relations may prove to be broadly useful. Curve parameters are proposed as possible ecosystem thresholds, perhaps to better manage the marine ecosystems of the world. C1 [Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Pranovi, Fabio] Univ Ca Foscari, Dept Environm Sci Informat & Stat, I-30122 Venice, Italy. [Libralato, Simone] OGS Ist Nazl Oceanog & Geofis Sperimentale, Dept Oceanog, I-34010 Sgonico, TS, Italy. [Coll, Marta] Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, UMR EME 212, Inst Rech Dev, F-34203 Sete, France. [Coll, Marta] ICM CSIC, Inst Marine Sci, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Coll, Marta] Ecopath Int Initiat Res Assoc, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Christensen, Villy] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Solidoro, Cosimo] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. [Fulton, Elizabeth A.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Link, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Jason.Link@noaa.gov RI Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008; OI Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917; Libralato, Simone/0000-0001-8112-1274 FU University of Ca'Foscari; NOM; CSIRO; NOAA; CAMEO FX This work was conceptualized and conducted as part of visiting scientist exchanges between F.P. and J.L. via support from the University of Ca'Foscari and NOM, a visiting scientist exchange via a Frohlich Fellowship (J.L.) and support from CSIRO and NOM between J.L. and E.F., NOAA support for J.L. to visit S.L. and C.S., CAMEO support for MENU2, and in conjunction with numerous ICES working groups in which several of the authors participated. We thank Selina Heppel, Eva Plaganyi-Lloyd, Tim Essington, Chris Harvey, and other anonymous reviewers whose comments notably helped earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 30 IS 11 BP 649 EP 661 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2015.08.011 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CW3KQ UT WOS:000364891600006 PM 26456382 ER PT J AU Sarafin, K Durazo-Arvizu, R Tian, L Phinney, KW Tai, S Camara, JE Merkel, J Green, E Sempos, CT Brooks, SPJ AF Sarafin, Kurtis Durazo-Arvizu, Ramon Tian, Lu Phinney, Karen W. Tai, Susan Camara, Johanna E. Merkel, Joyce Green, Evan Sempos, Christopher T. Brooks, Stephen P. J. TI Standardizing 25-hydroxyvitamin D values from the Canadian Health Measures Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE standardization; vitamin D; immunoassay; population survey; adequacy; CHMS ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VITAMIN-D INSUFFICIENCY; D ASSAYS; CIRCULATING 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; D METABOLITES; HUMAN SERUM; ACCURACY; D-3 AB Background: The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) is an ongoing cross-sectional national survey that includes a measure of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] by immunoassay. For cycles 1 and 2, the collection period occurred approximately every 2 y, with a new sample of similar to 5600 individuals. Objective: The goal was to standardize the original 25(OH)D CHMS values in cycles 1 and 2 to the internationally recognized reference measurement procedures (RMPs) developed by the US National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) and Ghent University, Belgium. Design: Standardization was accomplished by using a 2-step procedure. First, serum samples corresponding to the original plasma samples were remeasured by using the currently available immunoassay method. Second, 50 serum samples with known 25(OH)D values assigned by the NIST and Ghent reference method laboratories were measured by using the currently available immunoassay method. The mathematical models for each step-i.e., 1) Y-Current = X-Original and 2) YNIST-Ghent = X-Current -were estimated by using Deming regression, and the 2 models were solved to obtain a single equation for converting the "original" values to NIST-Ghent RMP values. Results: After standardization (cycles 1 and 2 combined), the percentage of Canadians with 25(OH)D values <40 nmol/L increased from 16.4% (original) to 19.4% (standardized), and values <50 nmol/L increased from 29.0% (original) to 36.8% (standardized). The 25(OH)D standardized distributions (cycles 1 and 2 analyzed separately) were similar across age and sex groups; slightly higher values were associated with cycle 2 in the young and old. This finding contrasts with the original data, which indicated that cycle 2 values were lower for all age groups. Conclusion: The shifts in 25(OH)D distribution brought about by standardization indicate its importance in drawing correct conclusions about potential population deficiencies and insufficiencies and in permitting the comparison of distributions between national surveys. C1 [Sarafin, Kurtis; Brooks, Stephen P. J.] Hlth Canada, Bur Nutr Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Durazo-Arvizu, Ramon] Loyola Univ, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Tian, Lu] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Phinney, Karen W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tai, Susan; Camara, Johanna E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Merkel, Joyce; Sempos, Christopher T.] Off Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Green, Evan] STAT Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Brooks, SPJ (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Bur Nutr Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. EM steve.brooks@hc-sc.gc.ca FU Health Canada; NIH; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Statistics Canada FX Supported by Health Canada (SPJB and KS), the NIH (JM and CTS), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (KWP, ST, and JEC), and Statistics Canada (EG). NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1044 EP 1050 DI 10.3945/ajcn.114.103689 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA CV4YV UT WOS:000364273300012 PM 26423385 ER PT J AU Sun, JQ Wang, MH AF Sun, Junqiang Wang, Menghua TI Radiometric calibration of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite reflective solar bands with robust characterizations and hybrid calibration coefficients SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; OCEAN-COLOR; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SEAWIFS; LUNAR; PERFORMANCE; DIFFUSER; SENSITIVITY; IRRADIANCE; STABILITY AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is now entering its fourth year of in-orbit global environmental observation and is producing a wide range of scientific output. The ocean color products in particular require a level of accuracy from the reflective solar bands (RSBs) that is a magnitude higher than the specification. In this work, we present an updated and completed core calibration pipeline that achieves the best sensor data records (SDR) to date and helps the ocean color products to reach maturity. We review the core calibration methodology of the RSBs and describe each essential input, including the solar diffuser stability monitor, the solar diffuser (SD), and lunar calibrations. Their associated issues, along with the successful mitigation and improved results, are described and presented. In particular, we illuminate the inaccuracy suffered due to the evolving angular dependence in the degradation of the on-board SD that impacts the heart of the RSB calibration, but also show that lunar-based calibration instead provides the correct long-term baseline for the successful restoration of the core methodology. The new look-up tables, which combine the coefficients from the SD-based and lunar-based calibrations, produce the optimal result, with an estimated accuracy of similar to 0.2%. This hybrid approach highlights significant progress in the VIIRS RSB calibration and marks a completion of the core calibration result upon which other physical impacts or scientific issues can then be more accurately examined. We demonstrate the significant improvement and its impact on the ocean color products by comparing the current official output to the newly generated result. Lastly, we point out that this hybrid calibration coefficients scheme is made possible by a VIIRS design and layout change over its predecessor, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, that allows both the SD and the moon to be viewed by the RSB at the same angle of incidence. Thus, this design element warrants serious consideration for other satellite sensors utilizing a similar calibration methodology. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Sun, Junqiang; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sun, Junqiang] Global Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Sun, JQ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,Data & Informat Serv, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM junqiang.sun@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) FX Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS). NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP 9331 EP 9342 DI 10.1364/AO.54.009331 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800071 PM 26560590 ER PT J AU Zipkin, EF Kinlan, BP Sussman, A Rypkema, D Wimer, M O'Connell, AF AF Zipkin, Elise F. Kinlan, Brian P. Sussman, Allison Rypkema, Diana Wimer, Mark O'Connell, Allan F. TI Statistical guidelines for assessing marine avian hotspots and coldspots: A case study on wind energy development in the US Atlantic Ocean SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Marine spatial planning; Model selection; Power analysis; Seabirds; Sampling design; Wind energy development ID GROUP-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; POWER-LAW; SEA; BIRD; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; SEABIRDS; FARMS; AREAS; MODEL AB Estimating patterns of habitat use is challenging for marine avian species because seabirds tend to aggregate in large groups and it can be difficult to locate both individuals and groups in vast marine environments. We developed an approach to estimate the statistical power of discrete survey events to identify species-specific hotspots and coldspots of long-term seabird abundance in marine environments. We illustrate our approach using historical seabird data from survey transects in the US. Atlantic Ocean Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), an area that has been divided into "lease blocks" for proposed offshore wind energy development. For our power analysis, we examined whether discrete lease blocks within the region could be defined as hotspots (3 x mean abundance in the OCS) or coldspots (1/3 x) for individual species within a given season. For each of 74 species/season combinations, we determined which of eight candidate statistical distributions (ranging in their degree of skewedness) best fit the count data. We then used the selected distribution and estimates of regional prevalence to calculate and map statistical power to detect hotspots and coldspots, and estimate the p-value from Monte Carlo significance tests that specific lease blocks are in fact hotspots or coldspots relative to regional average abundance. The power to detect species-specific hotspots was higher than that of coldspots for most species because species-specific prevalence was relatively low (mean: 0.111; SD: 0.110). The number of surveys required for adequate power (>0.6) was large for most species (tens to hundreds) using this hotspot definition. Regulators may need to accept higher proportional effect sizes, combine species into groups, and/or broaden the spatial scale by combining lease blocks in order to determine optimal placement of wind farms. Our power analysis approach provides a general framework for both retrospective analyses and future avian survey design and is applicable to a broad range of research and conservation problems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zipkin, Elise F.; Sussman, Allison] Michigan State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kinlan, Brian P.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci NCCOS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kinlan, Brian P.] CSS Dynamac Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Sussman, Allison; Wimer, Mark; O'Connell, Allan F.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Rypkema, Diana] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Zipkin, EF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM ezipkin@msu.edu FU BOEM, Office of Renewable Energy Programs [M12PG00068]; U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; NOAA [DG133C07NC0616]; CSS-Dynamac, Inc.; NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship Program FX We are grateful to Robert Rankin (NOAA) for analytical support, and Jocelyn Brown-Saracino (U.S. Department of Energy), David Bigger (BOEM), and James Baldwin (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service) for reviews and comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This project was funded by the BOEM, Office of Renewable Energy Programs through Interagency Agreement M12PG00068 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. BK was supported by the NOAA Contract No. DG133C07NC0616 with CSS-Dynamac, Inc. DR was funded by the NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 191 BP 216 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.06.035 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4SP UT WOS:000364257100024 ER PT J AU Osterback, AMK Frechette, DM Hayes, SA Shaffer, SA Moore, JW AF Osterback, Ann-Marie K. Frechette, Danielle M. Hayes, Sean A. Shaffer, Scott A. Moore, Jonathan W. TI Long-term shifts in anthropogenic subsidies to gulls and implications for an imperiled fish SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Brandes Cormorant; MixSIAR; Steelhead Stable isotope mixing models; Subsidized predation; Western Gull ID YELLOW-LEGGED GULL; MARINE FOOD WEBS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; FEEDING ECOLOGY; WESTERN GULLS; REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT; ENDANGERED SEABIRD; FARALLON-ISLAND; RECENT COLLAPSE AB Over the last century, human activities have altered coastal ecosystems by fishing through the marine food web and increasing anthropogenic resources (e.g. landfills), both of which may alter native predator-prey interactions. We conducted a 100-year retrospective stable isotope analysis to investigate temporal shifts in relative resource use and individual variation of a generalist seabird (Western Gull, Larus occidentalis) and the implications of gulls' shifting resource use on one of their native prey threatened steelhead populations (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We applied a Bayesian mixing model (MixSIAR) to historical (early 1900s) and modern (early 2000s) populations of generalist gulls and compared changes in resource use to a piscivorous seabird population (Brandt's Cormorant, Phalacrocorax penicillatus) in Monterey Bay (California, USA). 655N significantly declined for both seabird species, suggesting shifts to lower trophic-level marine prey in the last 100 years. The shift in delta N-15 was significantly larger for Western Gulls, suggesting a shift in gull resource use to prey not in the marine environment. Mixing models suggest anthropogenic resources (e.g., landfills) comprise the majority of modem gull diet (0.31; 0.18-0.44 95% Cl), whereas it contributed relatively little to gull diet in the early 1900s (0.10; 0.01-0.26 Cl). Furthermore, we found although steelhead contribute relatively less to overall modern gull diet, increasing gull populations and simultaneous steelhead population decline likely results in increased per capita predation risk to modern steelhead populations our best estimate is that modern predation risk is -2.4 times higher than historically, but this estimate depends on parameter values and overlaps with zero. This study highlights the impact of human activities on coastal predators and the potential consequences for native imperiled prey. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Osterback, Ann-Marie K.; Moore, Jonathan W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Osterback, Ann-Marie K.; Frechette, Danielle M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Contract Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hayes, Sean A.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Shaffer, Scott A.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Shaffer, Scott A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Osterback, AMK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM aosterba@ucsc.edu FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; CDF&G Fisheries Restoration Grant Program; California SeaGrant College [R/FISH-205]; Marilyn C. and Raymond E. Davis Memorial Professional Development Award; Dr. Earl and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust; Services for Transfer and Re-entry Students at UC Santa Cruz FX We thank M. Beakes, A. Collins, U. Hoshijima, O. Kanner, T. Lambert, C. Phillis, J. Perez, N. Retford, M. Sedoryk, and many volunteers for their assistance with the sample collection and preparation. This project would not have been possible without the access to historical and modern feather samples made possible by M. Pavelka and C. Winchell at the USFWS, C. Cicero at the UC Berkeley Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, C. Lay at the UCSC Museum of Natural History, and E. Donnelly-Greenan, H. Nevins, and many devoted volunteers with the BeachCOMBER program. We used data collected by the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO): a long-term ecological consortium funded by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. We thank the Stable Isotope Laboratory at UCSC and support from D. Andreason, R. Franks, B. Henry, M. Foley, and R. Orben. Permits for beach access were granted by California County and State Parks. This project was funded by the CDF&G Fisheries Restoration Grant Program, California SeaGrant College R/FISH-205, the Marilyn C. and Raymond E. Davis Memorial Professional Development Award, the Dr. Earl and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust, and the Services for Transfer and Re-entry Students at UC Santa Cruz. We also thank M. Carr, P. Raimondi, and three anonymous reviewers for providing constructive feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 191 BP 606 EP 613 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.07.038 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4SP UT WOS:000364257100068 ER PT J AU Volkov, DL Kubryakov, AA Lumpkin, R AF Volkov, Denis L. Kubryakov, Arseny A. Lumpkin, Rick TI Formation and variability of the Lofoten basin vortex in a high-resolution ocean model SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Lofoten Basin; Lofoten vortex; Norwegian Sea; Norwegian; Atlantic Current; Eddies; Eddy variability; Kinematic properties of eddies; Ocean modeling; MITgcm; ECCO2; Satellite altimetry; Lagrangian drifters ID NORDIC SEAS; LAGRANGIAN DRIFTERS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SURFACE CIRCULATION; EDDIES; TOPOGRAPHY; SATELLITE; VELOCITY AB The Lofoten Basin of the Norwegian Sea is characterized by a local maximum of eddy kinetic energy and it is an important transit region for the warm and saline Atlantic waters on their way towards the Arctic Ocean. Eddies are generated by the Norwegian Atlantic Current and propagate anticlockwise around the center of the basin. In situ and satellite observations have discovered a rather small (with a radius of a few tens of km), but strong quasi-permanent anticyclonic vortex that resides in the center of the Lofoten Basin near 3 degrees E, 69.8 degrees N. The objective of this paper is to understand how and why the vortex is formed and to investigate what processes support its stability and drive its variability. To achieve this objective, we have conducted three high-resolution numerical experiments with the mean horizontal grid spacing of 18 km, 9 km, and 4 km. The Lofoten Vortex did not form in the 18-km experiment. The most realistic (compared to available observations) simulation of the vortex is provided by the 4-km experiment, which better reproduces eddy variability in the region. The experiments thus provide experimental evidence of the importance of eddies in the formation and stability of the vortex. We demonstrate how anticyclonic eddies, that are usually stronger and more numerous in the basin than cyclonic eddies, contribute to the intensification of the Lofoten Vortex. The Lofoten Vortex itself is not stationary and drifts cyclonically within the area bounded by approximately the 3250 m isobath. The analysis of the barotropic vorticity budget in the 4-km experiment shows that the advection of the relative vorticity gradient by eddies is the main mechanism that drives the variability of the Lofoten Vortex. The direct impact of wind/buoyancy forcing is found to be small to negligible. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Volkov, Denis L.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Volkov, Denis L.; Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kubryakov, Arseny A.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Earth Sci, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Kubryakov, Arseny A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Marine Hydrophys, Sevastopol, Russia. RP Volkov, DL (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM denis.volkov@noaa.gov RI Volkov, Denis/A-6079-2011; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; OI Volkov, Denis/0000-0002-9290-0502; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Kubryakov, Arseny/0000-0003-3561-5913 FU NASA Physical Oceanography program [NNX11AE27G]; base funds of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (USA); Saint Petersburg State University (Russia); NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division; Saint Petersburg State University (Russia) [18.50.1059.2014] FX This research was funded by the NASA Physical Oceanography program (Grant NNX11AE27G) and partially supported by the base funds of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (USA) and Saint Petersburg State University (Russia). We gratefully acknowledge computational resources and support from the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division. The ECCO2 global ocean model output is provided by the ECCO2 project (http://ecco2.jpl.nasa.gov). A. Koubryakov was supported through a postdoctoral research Grant 18.50.1059.2014 from Saint Petersburg State University (Russia). We thank three anonymous reviewers for constructive remarks and helpful suggestions. We are also grateful to Dr. Marlos Goes, Dr. Elizabeth Johns for reading and commenting on the initial version of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 105 BP 142 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2015.09.001 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CV5ZF UT WOS:000364349300012 ER PT J AU McClintock, BT AF McClintock, Brett T. TI multimark: an R package for analysis of capture-recapture data consisting of multiple "noninvasive" marks SO Ecology and Evolution LA English DT Article DE Bayesian multimodel inference; capture-recapture; Cormack-Jolly-Seber; latent multinomial; mark-recapture; Markov chain Monte Carlo; multiple lists; population size ID SURVIVAL ESTIMATION; POPULATION; ABUNDANCE; MISIDENTIFICATION; MODEL; HETEROGENEITY; CONSERVATION; UNCERTAINTY; DENSITIES; ERRORS AB I describe an open-source R package, multimark, for estimation of survival and abundance from capture-mark-recapture data consisting of multiple noninvasive marks. Noninvasive marks include natural pelt or skin patterns, scars, and genetic markers that enable individual identification in lieu of physical capture. multimark provides a means for combining and jointly analyzing encounter histories from multiple noninvasive sources that otherwise cannot be reliably matched (e.g., left- and right-sided photographs of bilaterally asymmetrical individuals). The package is currently capable of fitting open population Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) and closed population abundance models with up to two mark types using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. multimark can also be used for Bayesian analyses of conventional capture-recapture data consisting of a single-mark type. Some package features include (1) general model specification using formulas already familiar to most R users, (2) ability to include temporal, behavioral, age, cohort, and individual heterogeneity effects in detection and survival probabilities, (3) improved MCMC algorithm that is computationally faster and more efficient than previously proposed methods, (4) Bayesian multimodel inference using reversible jump MCMC, and (5) data simulation capabilities for power analyses and assessing model performance. I demonstrate use of multimark using left- and right-sided encounter histories for bobcats (Lynx rufus) collected from remote single-camera stations in southern California. In this example, there is evidence of a behavioral effect (i.e., trap happy response) that is otherwise indiscernible using conventional single-sided analyses. The package will be most useful to ecologists seeking stronger inferences by combining different sources of mark-recapture data that are difficult (or impossible) to reliably reconcile, particularly with the sparse datasets typical of rare or elusive species for which noninvasive sampling techniques are most commonly employed. Addressing deficiencies in currently available software, multimark also provides a user-friendly interface for performing Bayesian multimodel inference using capture-recapture data consisting of a single conventional mark or multiple noninvasive marks. C1 NOAA NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), NOAA NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM brett.mcclintock@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 5 IS 21 BP 4920 EP 4931 DI 10.1002/ece3.1676 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CV5WF UT WOS:000364341400017 PM 26640671 ER PT J AU Levine, LE Okoro, C Xu, RQ AF Levine, Lyle E. Okoro, Chukwudi Xu, Ruqing TI Full elastic strain and stress tensor measurements from individual dislocation cells in copper through-Si vias SO IUCRJ LA English DT Article DE full elastic strain; stress tensor measurement; copper through-Si vias; microelectronics ID X-RAY MICROBEAM; RANGE INTERNAL-STRESSES; SUBMICROMETER-RESOLUTION; DEFORMATION STRUCTURES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; DIFFRACTION; MICROSCOPY AB Nondestructive measurements of the full elastic strain and stress tensors from individual dislocation cells distributed along the full extent of a 50 mm-long polycrystalline copper via in Si is reported. Determining all of the components of these tensors from sub-micrometre regions within deformed metals presents considerable challenges. The primary issues are ensuring that different diffraction peaks originate from the same sample volume and that accurate determination is made of the peak positions from plastically deformed samples. For these measurements, three widely separated reflections were examined from selected, individual grains along the via. The lattice spacings and peak positions were measured for multiple dislocation cell interiors within each grain and the cell-interior peaks were sorted out using the measured included angles. A comprehensive uncertainty analysis using a Monte Carlo uncertainty algorithm provided uncertainties for the elastic strain tensor and stress tensor components. C1 [Levine, Lyle E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Okoro, Chukwudi] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Ruqing] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Levine, LE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lyle.levine@nist.gov FU US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 2052-2525 J9 IUCRJ JI IUCrJ PD NOV PY 2015 VL 2 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.1107/S2052252515015031 PN 6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA CV6XS UT WOS:000364415900008 PM 26594371 ER PT J AU Longman, RJ Diaz, HF Giambelluca, TW AF Longman, Ryan J. Diaz, Henry F. Giambelluca, Thomas W. TI Sustained Increases in Lower-Tropospheric Subsidence over the Central Tropical North Pacific Drive a Decline in High-Elevation Rainfall in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Atmosphere-land interaction; Atmospheric circulation; Hadley circulation; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Climate variability; Climatology ID MONTANE CLOUD FORESTS; HADLEY CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; REANALYSIS PROJECT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UPPER LIMIT; ISLANDS; EXPANSION AB Consistent increases in the strength and frequency of occurrence of the trade wind inversion (TWI) are identified across a similar to 40-yr period (1973-2013) in Hawaii. Changepoint analysis indicates that a marked shift occurred in the early 1990s resulting in a 20% increase in the mean TWI frequency between the periods 1973-90 and 1991-2013, based on the average of changes at two sounding stations and two 6-month (dry and wet) seasons. Regional increases in the atmospheric subsidence are identified in four reanalysis datasets over the same similar to 40-yr time period. The post-1990 period mean for the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis shows increases in subsidence of 33% and 41% for the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Good agreement was found between the time series of TWI frequency of occurrence and omega, suggesting that previously reported increases in the intensity of Hadley cell subsidence are driving the observed increases in TWI frequency. Correlations between omega and large-scale modes of internal climate variability such as El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) do not explain the abrupt shift in TWI frequency in the early 1990s in both seasons. Reported increases in TWI frequency of occurrence may provide some explanation for climate change-related precipitation change at high elevations in Hawaii. On average, post-1990 rainfall was 6% lower in the dry season and 31% lower in the wet season at nine high-elevation sites. Rainfall was significantly correlated with TWI frequency at all of the stations analyzed. C1 [Longman, Ryan J.; Giambelluca, Thomas W.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Diaz, Henry F.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Diaz, Henry F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Longman, RJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, 2424 Maile Way,Saunders Hall 445, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rlongman@hawaii.edu OI Giambelluca, Thomas/0000-0002-6798-3780 FU U.S. Department of Interior Pacific Islands Climate Science Center (PICSC); Hawaii Commission on Water Resource Management (CWRM); U.S. Army Corp of Engineers FX This work was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Interior Pacific Islands Climate Science Center (PICSC), the Hawaii Commission on Water Resource Management (CWRM), and the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Thanks to Larry D. Oolman for providing us with the atmospheric sounding data used in this analysis. We thank the staff of Haleakala National Park Resource Management division and the Pacific Island Ecosystem Research Center (PIERC), USGS, for their long support of the HaleNet system. Special thanks to Lloyd Loope and Gordon Tribble of PIERC and to Mike Nullet, Camilo Mora, Abby Frazier, Paul Krushelnycky, and Ross Sutherland of the University of Hawai'i at Manoa. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 28 IS 22 BP 8743 EP 8759 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0006.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV9TM UT WOS:000364629500006 ER PT J AU McDonagh, EL King, BA Bryden, HL Courtois, P Szuts, Z Baringer, M Cunningham, SA Atkinson, C McCarthy, G AF McDonagh, Elaine L. King, Brian A. Bryden, Harry L. Courtois, Peggy Szuts, Zoltan Baringer, Molly Cunningham, Stuart A. Atkinson, Chris McCarthy, Gerard TI Continuous Estimate of Atlantic Oceanic Freshwater Flux at 26.5 degrees N SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Meridional overturning circulation; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Freshwater; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Salinity ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SUBTROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; FLORIDA CURRENT TRANSPORT; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; MECHANISMS; SALINITY; BUDGETS; HEAT AB The first continuous estimates of freshwater flux across 26.5 degrees N are calculated using observations from the RAPID-MOCHA-Western Boundary Time Series (WBTS) and Argo floats every 10 days between April 2004 and October 2012. The mean plus or minus the standard deviation of the freshwater flux (F-W) is -1.17 +/- 0.20 Sv (1 Sv 10(6) m(3) s(-1); negative flux is southward), implying a freshwater divergence of -0.37 +/- 0.20 Sv between the Bering Strait and 26.5 degrees N. This is in the sense of an input of 0.37 Sv of freshwater into the ocean, consistent with a region where precipitation dominates over evaporation. The sign and the variability of the freshwater divergence are dominated by the overturning component (-0.78 +/- 0.21 Sv). The horizontal component of the freshwater divergence is smaller, associated with little variability and positive (0.35 +/- 0.04 Sv). A linear relationship, describing 91% of the variance, exists between the strength of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and the freshwater flux (-0.37 - 0.047 Sv of F-W per Sverdrups of MOC). The time series of the residual to this relationship shows a small (0.02 Sv in 8.5 yr) but detectable decrease in the freshwater flux (i.e., an increase in the southward freshwater flux) for a given MOC strength. Historical analyses of observations at 24.5 degrees N are consistent with a more negative freshwater divergence from -0.03 to -0.37 Sv since 1974. This change is associated with an increased southward freshwater flux at this latitude due to an increase in the Florida Straits salinity (and therefore the northward salinity flux). C1 [McDonagh, Elaine L.; King, Brian A.; McCarthy, Gerard] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Bryden, Harry L.; Courtois, Peggy; Atkinson, Chris] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Szuts, Zoltan] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Baringer, Molly] NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Cunningham, Stuart A.] Scottish Marine Inst, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban, Argyll, Scotland. RP McDonagh, EL (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Waterfront Campus,European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM e.mcdonagh@noc.ac.uk RI Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012 OI Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194 FU NERC via RAPID-WATCH MONACO Grant [NE/G007764/1]; Comer Science and Education Foundation; Max Planck Society; NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML); NERC; NERC RAPID-WATCH program; European Commission [308299]; Scottish Funding Council through Marine Alliance for Science and Technology Scotland program; NACLIM FX Elaine McDonagh, Brian King, Harry Bryden, and Peggy Courtois were funded by NERC via the RAPID-WATCH MONACO Grant NE/G007764/1. Zoltan Szuts was supported by an Abrupt Climate Change Research fellowship from the Comer Science and Education Foundation and by the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science. Molly Baringer is supported by the NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). Chris Atkinson was supported by a NERC Ph.D. studentship. Gerard McCarthy is supported by the NERC RAPID-WATCH program and the European Commission in the 7th Framework Programme for Research through the NACLIM project (Grant Agreement 308299). Stuart Cunningham is supported by the Scottish Funding Council through the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology Scotland program and NACLIM. The 26.5 degrees N array is a collaborative effort supported through the NERC RAPID-WATCH program, the NSF meridional overturning circulation heat-flux array project, and the NOAA western boundary time series project. Data from the RAPID-WATCH and MOCHA projects are freely available online (www.rapid.ac.uk/rapidmoc; www.rsmas.miami.edu/users/mocha). Florida Current transport estimates are also available online (www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/floridacurrent). Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Project and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu; http://www.jcommops.org/argo). Hydrographic data were made available through GO-SHIP (www.go-ship.org) and preceding programs at the CLIVAR and carbon hydrographic data office (CCHDO; http://cchdo.ucsd.edu). We thank the many investigators that contribute to these programs. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 28 IS 22 BP 8888 EP 8906 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00519.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV9TM UT WOS:000364629500014 ER PT J AU Pan, F Huang, XL Strow, LL Guo, H AF Pan, Fang Huang, Xianglei Strow, L. Larabbe Guo, Huan TI Linear Trends and Closures of 10-yr Observations of AIRS Stratospheric Channels SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Stratosphere; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Longwave radiation; Observational techniques and algorithms; Remote sensing; Models and modeling; Climate models; Variability; Trends ID INFRARED SOUNDER AIRS; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; MODEL; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; ASSIMILATION; CALIBRATION; SYSTEMS; SIGNAL; MSU AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) level-1b radiances have been shown to be well calibrated (similar to 0.3 K or higher) and have little secular drift (similar to 4 mK yr(-1)) since operation started in September 2002. This paper investigates the linear trends of 10 years (2003-12) of AIRS global-mean radiances in the CO(2)v(2) band that are sensitive to emissions from the stratosphere (stratospheric channels). AIRS lower-stratospheric channels have a cooling trend of no more than 0.23 K decade(-1) whereas the midstratospheric channels consistently show a statistically significant cooling trend as large as 0.58 K decade(-1). The 95% confidence interval for the trend is similar to +/- 0.20 K decade(-1). Two sets of synthetic AIRS radiances are computed using the principal component-based radiative transfer model (PCRTM), one based on a free-running GFDL Atmospheric Model, version 3 (AM3), over the same period and one based on ERA-Interim. The GFDL AM3 simulations overestimate the cooling trends in the mid- to upper-stratospheric channels but slightly underestimate them in the lower-stratospheric channels. The synthetic radiances based on ERA-Interim, however, have statistically significant positive trends at virtually all stratospheric channels. This confirms the challenge to the GCM modeling and reanalysis community to create a better simulation or assimilation of the stratospheric climate. It is shown that the linear trends in AIRS radiances can be reproduced to a large extent by the spectral radiative kernel technique and the trends from the AIRS L2 temperature retrievals and from the change of CO2. This suggests a closure between AIRS L1 radiances and L2 retrievals and the potential merit of AIRS data in studies of stratosphere changes. C1 [Pan, Fang; Huang, Xianglei] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Strow, L. Larabbe] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Guo, Huan] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Huang, XL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM xianglei@umich.edu RI Huang, Xianglei/G-6127-2011; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 OI Huang, Xianglei/0000-0002-7129-614X; FU NASA [NNX11AE68G, NNX15AC25G] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful suggestions and comments. The AIRS level-1b data are obtained from NASA GSFCDAAC and the AIRS L2 data from http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/AIRS/data-holdings/by-data-product-V6. The ECMWF ERA-Interim data are from http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/data/interim-full-daily/. We thank Dr. X. H. Chen for her help in the early stage of this study. This research is supported by NASA Grants NNX11AE68G and NNX15AC25G awarded to the University of Michigan. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 28 IS 22 BP 8939 EP 8950 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0418.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV9TM UT WOS:000364629500017 ER PT J AU Lincoln, SE Funke, B Zook, J Kulkarni, S Bowser, M Watson, D Aradhya, S Yang, S Monzon, F Rehm, H AF Lincoln, S. E. Funke, B. Zook, J. Kulkarni, S. Bowser, M. Watson, D. Aradhya, S. Yang, S. Monzon, F. Rehm, H. TI To Confirm or Not Confirm, That is the Question: A Rigorous Approach to Evaluating the Importance of Sanger Confirmation of NGS Findings SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology (AMP) CY NOV 05-07, 2015 CL Austin, TX SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 [Lincoln, S. E.; Watson, D.; Aradhya, S.; Yang, S.; Monzon, F.] Invitae, San Francisco, CA USA. [Funke, B.; Rehm, H.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zook, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kulkarni, S.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Bowser, M.] Mol Med Lab, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-1578 EI 1943-7811 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 17 IS 6 MA G02 BP 753 EP 753 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA CU8YM UT WOS:000363830000018 ER PT J AU Zanowski, H Hallberg, R Sarmiento, JL AF Zanowski, Hannah Hallberg, Robert Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI Abyssal Ocean Warming and Salinification after Weddell Polynyas in the GFDL CM2G Coupled Climate Model SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TOTAL GEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATION; ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER; WESTERN SOUTH-ATLANTIC; SEA-LEVEL RISE; FLOW PATTERNS; INDIAN-OCEAN; MAUD RISE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; DEEP-WATER; GLOBAL ABYSSAL AB The role of Weddell Sea polynyas in establishing deep-ocean properties is explored in the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's (GFDL) coupled climate model CM2G. Using statistical composite analysis of over 30 polynya events that occur in a 2000-yr-long preindustrial control run, the temperature, salinity, and water mass changes associated with the composite event are quantified. For the time period following the composite polynya cessation, termed the recovery, warming between 0.002 degrees and 0.019 degrees C decade(-1) occurs below 4200 m in the Southern Ocean basins. Temperature and salinity changes are strongest in the Southern Ocean and the South Atlantic near the polynya formation region. Comparison of the model results with abyssal temperature observations reveals that the 1970s Weddell Polynya recovery could account for 10% +/- 8% of the recent warming in the abyssal Southern Ocean. For individual Southern Ocean basins, this percentage is as little as 6% +/- 11% or as much as 34% +/- 13%. C1 [Zanowski, Hannah; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Zanowski, H (reprint author), Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sayre Hall,300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM zanowski@princeton.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752, NA14OAR4320106] FX The authors thank Sonya Legg, Adele Morrison, Stephen Griffies, Robert Key, and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable feedback that greatly improved this manuscript. We thank Sarah G. Purkey for providing observed basin-mean temperature rates on isobars and basin boundary coordinates, which facilitated comparison between our model and the observations. Figures were created using Python's Matplotlib plotting package. Hannah Zanowski was supported under Awards NA08OAR4320752 and NA14OAR4320106 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 45 IS 11 BP 2755 EP 2772 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0109.1 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CV6WI UT WOS:000364412100004 ER PT J AU Braccini, M Brooks, EN Wise, B McAuley, R AF Braccini, Matias Brooks, Elizabeth N. Wise, Brent McAuley, Rory TI Displaying uncertainty in the biological reference points of sharks SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty; Elasmobranchs; Reference points; Stock status determination ID SOUTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIA; LIFE-HISTORY INVARIANTS; SHORTFIN MAKO SHARK; FURGALEUS-MACKI; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; NATURAL MORTALITY; WHISKERY SHARK; SOUTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA; CARCHARHINUS-OBSCURUS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY AB Variability in life-history traits influences biological reference points (BRP). For data-poor species such as sharks, BRP have commonly been set at arbitrary values with little consideration of life-history variability. The temperate shark fisheries of Western Australia were used as a case study to develop species-specific limit, threshold and target BRP that consider life history uncertainty and population dynamics. Shark species with higher biological productivity had lower biomass BRP and higher fishing mortality BRP (F-BRP) than less productive species. The interplay of gear selectivity and variability in life history traits influenced BRP uncertainty, particularly for F-BRP. Traditionally, stock status is determined by comparing a stock-performance indicator (SPI) to a BRP point estimate based on a set probability of SPI exceeding the point BRP. We proposed an alternative approach where we considered distributions for both SPI and BRP and compared the proportion of overlap between those distributions. In practice, we consider this an improvement to characterizing both uncertainties and an easier-to-grasp concept than a probability of exceeding a point estimate. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Braccini, Matias; Wise, Brent; McAuley, Rory] Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia. [Brooks, Elizabeth N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Braccini, M (reprint author), Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, POB 20, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia. EM Matias.Braccini@fish.wa.gov.au FU Australian Fisheries Research and Development Corporation [FRDC 2010/003] FX The first author greatly acknowledges Ainslie Denham, Peter Stephenson and Brett Molony for practical guidance and advice, and Norm Hall and Al Harry for helpful comments and suggestions. This project was supported by an Australian Fisheries Research and Development Corporation grant (FRDC 2010/003) to RMcA. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 116 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.07.014 PG 7 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA CV7FB UT WOS:000364436700015 ER PT J AU Stoll, JS da Silva, PP Olson, J Benjamin, S AF Stoll, Joshua S. da Silva, Patricia Pinto Olson, Julia Benjamin, Sharon TI Expanding the 'geography' of resilience in fisheries by bringing focus to seafood distribution systems SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Distribution systems; Fisheries; Resilience; Seafood; Portfolio; Atlantic herring; Spiny dogfish ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM; MAINE; FISH; BIODIVERSITY; STOCK; TRAP AB Seafood distribution systems are often viewed as exogenous from fisheries and marine resource management. However, these systems are closely coupled. The transportation and transformation of fish out of water (i.e., distribution and processing) is affected by and affects the resource and those that exploit and manage it. Despite this linkage, the feedback between harvesting and post-harvesting activities has been largely unstudied, reinforcing an artificial disconnect. This paper brings focus to this gap by examining the interplay between seafood distribution and social-ecological resilience - arguably an important objective of fisheries management Drawing on the notion of "portfolio" fishing, this paper seeks to extend the concept beyond the material boundaries of the resource itself and the individual strategies of those who harvest marine resources, using the Atlantic herring and Spiny dogfish in New England as case studies. The broader interpretation of portfolio fishing allows us to understand seafood distribution as a new axis of diversification that has direct implications for the social-ecological resilience of fisheries. Expanding the geography of resilience in fisheries inland, beyond the existing regulatory 'wrack line,' brings to focus the interrelatedness of fisheries and distribution, and raises challenging questions about how to deal with social-ecological systems that extend beyond the borders of regulatory control. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stoll, Joshua S.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [da Silva, Patricia Pinto; Olson, Julia] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Benjamin, Sharon] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Stoll, JS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 210B Libby Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM joshua.stoll@maine.edu NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 116 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.07.019 PG 8 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA CV7FB UT WOS:000364436700020 ER PT J AU Work, TM Dagenais, J Balazs, GH Schettle, N Ackermann, M AF Work, T. M. Dagenais, J. Balazs, G. H. Schettle, N. Ackermann, M. TI Dynamics of Virus Shedding and In Situ Confirmation of Chelonid Herpesvirus 5 in Hawaiian Green Turtles With Fibropapillomatosis SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fibropapillomatosis; green turtle; herpesvirus; shedding; histopathology ID CUTANEOUS FIBROPAPILLOMAS; MAREKS-DISEASE; SEA-TURTLES; MYDAS; PATHOLOGY; FLORIDA; CANCER; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8; LOCALIZATION; ASSOCIATION AB Cancers in humans and animals can be caused by viruses, but virus-induced tumors are considered to be poor sites for replication of intact virions (lytic replication). Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a neoplastic disease associated with a herpesvirus, chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), that affects green turtles globally. ChHV5 probably replicates in epidermal cells of tumors, because epidermal intranuclear inclusions (EIIs) contain herpesvirus-like particles. However, although EIIs are a sign of herpesvirus replication, they have not yet been firmly linked to ChHV5. Moreover, the dynamics of viral shedding in turtles are unknown, and there are no serological reagents to confirm actual presence of the specific ChHV5 virus in tissues. The investigators analyzed 381 FP tumors for the presence of EIIs and found that overall, about 35% of green turtles had lytic replication in skin tumors with 7% of tumors showing lytic replication. A few (11%) turtles accounted for more than 30% cases having lytic viral replication, and lytic replication was more likely in smaller tumors. To confirm that turtles were actively replicating ChHV5, a prerequisite for shedding, the investigators used antiserum raised against F-VP26, a predicted capsid protein of ChHV5 that localizes to the host cell nucleus during viral replication. This antiserum revealed F-VP26 in EIIs of tumors, thus confirming the presence of replicating ChHV5. In this light, it is proposed that unlike other virus-induced neoplastic diseases, FP is a disease that may depend on superspreaders, a few highly infectious individuals growing numerous small tumors permissive to viral production, for transmission of ChHV5. C1 [Work, T. M.; Dagenais, J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Balazs, G. H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Schettle, N.; Ackermann, M.] Univ Zurich, Inst Virol, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50187, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov FU Wyss Charitable Endowment FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Mathias Ackermann's contribution to this research was supported by the Wyss Charitable Endowment. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 26 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 EI 1544-2217 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1195 EP 1201 DI 10.1177/0300985814560236 PG 7 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA CW1FF UT WOS:000364734300030 PM 25445320 ER PT J AU Friedland, KD Leaf, RT Kristiansen, T Large, SI AF Friedland, Kevin D. Leaf, Robert T. Kristiansen, Trond Large, Scott I. TI Layered effects of parental condition and larval survival on the recruitment of neighboring haddock stocks SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS LARVAE; BLOOM CONTROL RECRUITMENT; GEORGES-BANK HADDOCK; REFERENCE POINTS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLASS STRENGTH; FISH CONDITION; MARINE FISHES; GROWTH-RATE AB We used remote sensing chlorophyll a concentration data, spring copepod abundance, and individual fish condition information to understand the annual recruitment variability of two neighboring haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) stocks in the Gulf of Maine region. When we considered the full range of recruitment variability, the abundance of the copepods Calanus finmarchicus and Pseudocalanus spp. failed to explain the variation in survivor ratio in either stock. However, when we examined this relationship with subsets of the data, we found that Pseudocalanus spp. appears to have had an effect on survivor ratio. The full range of recruitment variability of the Georges Bank stock was found to correlate with the timing and size of the fall bloom the year before recruitment, which has been termed the parental condition hypothesis, suggesting that the fall bloom affects the condition of spawning adults and thus recruitment. The absence of a correlation between fall bloom and recruitment in the Gulf of Maine stock can be attributed to the difference in fall bloom frequency between the two stock areas. It appears that both parental condition and larval survival affect haddock recruitment; however, the relative impact of these effects depends on the contrasting nature of ecosystem environmental drivers. C1 [Friedland, Kevin D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Leaf, Robert T.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Kristiansen, Trond] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Large, Scott I.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1672 EP 1681 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0084 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CV2RL UT WOS:000364104300007 ER PT J AU Michel, CJ Ammann, AJ Lindley, ST Sandstrom, PT Chapman, ED Thomas, MJ Singer, GP Klimley, AP MacFarlane, RB AF Michel, Cyril J. Ammann, Arnold J. Lindley, Steven T. Sandstrom, Philip T. Chapman, Eric D. Thomas, Michael J. Singer, Gabriel P. Klimley, A. Peter MacFarlane, R. Bruce TI Chinook salmon outmigration survival in wet and dry years in California's Sacramento River SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; MARKED ANIMALS; COLUMBIA RIVER; PACIFIC SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; TRAVEL-TIME; ESTUARY; MIGRATION; FLOW AB Outmigration survival of acoustic-tagged, hatchery-origin, late-fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolts from the Sacramento River was estimated for 5 years (2007-2011) using a receiver array spanning the entire outmigration corridor, from the upper river, through the estuary, and into the coastal ocean. The first 4 years of releases occurred during below-average river flows, while the fifth year (2011) occurred during above-average flows. In 2011, overall outmigration survival was two to five times higher than survival in the other 4 years. Regional survival estimates indicate that most of the improved survival seen in 2011 occurred in the riverine reaches of the outmigration corridor, while survival in the brackish portions of the estuary did not significantly differ among the 5 years. For the 4 low-flow years combined, survival rate in the river was lower in the less anthropogenically modified upper reaches; however, across all regions, survival rate was lowest in the brackish portion of the estuary. Even in the high-flow year, outmigration survival was substantially lower than yearling Chinook salmon populations in other large rivers. Potential drivers of these patterns are discussed, including channelization, water flow, and predation. Finally, management strategies are suggested to best exploit survival advantages described in this study. C1 [Michel, Cyril J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ammann, Arnold J.; Lindley, Steven T.; MacFarlane, R. Bruce] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Sandstrom, Philip T.; Chapman, Eric D.; Thomas, Michael J.; Singer, Gabriel P.; Klimley, A. Peter] Univ Calif Davis, Biotelemetry Lab, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Michel, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cyril.michel@noaa.gov FU CALFED Bay Delta program grant [U-05-SC-047] FX Funding for the project was provided by a CALFED Bay Delta program grant, project U-05-SC-047 (A.P.K. and R.B.M. principle investigators). We are grateful for the help from many technicians and volunteers, including (but not limited to) Ian Cole, Alison Collins, Nicholas Delaney, Heidi Fish, Alex Hearn, Andrew Jones, and Ian Ralston. Special thanks are extended to Kevin Niemela, Kurtis Brown, and Scott Hamelburg of US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the helpful staff of the Coleman National Fish Hatchery for providing late-fall-run Chinook salmon smolts and logistical support for this study. The California Fish Tracking Consortium allowed the realization of this project through the collaboration and data-sharing of several academic, federal, and state institutions. Sean Hayes, Ann-Marie Osterback, and anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments that improved the manuscript. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1749 EP 1759 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0528 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CV2RL UT WOS:000364104300013 ER PT J AU Anderson, BT Perez, RC AF Anderson, Bruce T. Perez, Renellys C. TI ENSO and non-ENSO induced charging and discharging of the equatorial Pacific SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE ENSO; Tropical-extratropical interactions; Ocean reanalysis; Charging and discharging processes; ENSO precursors ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL FOOTPRINTING MECHANISM; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; MERIDIONAL MODE; DECADAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; LEVEL PRESSURE; OPTIMAL-GROWTH AB It is well established that variations in extratropical North Pacific wind stress fields can influence the state of the tropical Pacific 12-15 months prior to the maturation of boreal winter El Nio/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. While most research has focused on accompanying variations in the North Pacific trade winds and underlying sea surface temperatures that subsequently shift equatorward via anomalous air-sea interactions-e.g. meridional mode dynamics-observational and numerical model analyses indicate empirical and dynamical links exist between these same trade-wind variations and concurrent changes in subsurface temperatures across the equatorial Pacific, which can also serve as a key initiator of ENSO events. This paper shows that within an observationally-constrained ocean reanalysis dataset this initiation mechanism-termed the trade-wind charging (TWC) mechanism-is induced by the second leading mode of boreal winter zonal wind stress variability over the tropical Pacific and operates separately from ENSO-induced recharge/discharge of the equatorial Pacific heat content. The paper then examines the characteristics and evolution of the ENSO and TWC modes. Results indicate that the oceanic evolution for both modes is consistent with wind stress induced vertically-integrated, meridional mass transport into and out of the equatorial Pacific-i.e. a charging and discharging of the equatorial Pacific-despite having distinctly different wind stress anomaly patterns. The process-based similarity between these two modes of tropical Pacific wind stress variability suggests that both can produce a charging/discharging of the equatorial Pacific, however one (the ENSO mode) represents part of the ENSO cycle itself and the other (the TWC mode) represents a separate forcing mechanism of that cycle. C1 [Anderson, Bruce T.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Anderson, Bruce T.] Boston Univ, Frederick S Pardee Ctr Study Longer Range Future, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Perez, Renellys C.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Perez, Renellys C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Anderson, BT (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM brucea@bu.edu RI Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012 OI Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853 FU Department of Energy [DE-SC0004975]; Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10OAR4320143]; NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy (DE-SC0004975 to B.T.A.). This research was also carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), cooperative agreement #NA10OAR4320143 (R.C.P.). Additional support was provided by NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (R.C.P.). NR 75 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 45 IS 9-10 BP 2309 EP 2327 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2472-x PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV0PE UT WOS:000363952100002 ER PT J AU Bali, M Collins, D AF Bali, Manik Collins, Dan TI Contribution of phenology and soil moisture to atmospheric variability in ECHAM5/JSBACH model SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Phenology; Leaf Area Index; Monsoon ID SUMMER MONSOON RAINFALL; COUPLING EXPERIMENT; SURFACE; PRECIPITATION; VEGETATION; CLIMATE; LEAVES; GLACE; ASIA AB Soil moisture and phenology are seasonally varying modes of the land system. Due to their seasonal persistence, they have the ability to predictably influence seasonal weather. Hence, their use in seasonal forecasts can potentially improve the skill of the forecasts. However a complete measure of their influence in geographical locations and in different seasons is not known. As a result, modern seasonal forecasting techniques have not been able to fully exploit their persistence in improving skill of seasonal forecasts. By measuring similarity between model ensemble members that are forced by soil moisture and phenology respectively, in this study, we identify global hot spots where soil moisture and phenology impact key atmospheric variables in spring and summer seasons. Results indicate that over South East Asia (SEA) and the Sahel the phenology and soil moisture impact precipitation to an equal extent. Results show that 5-7 % of the variance in Indian summer monsoon precipitation is caused by soil moisture and phenology anomalies. Prior to the monsoon they influence predictors of the SEA monsoon. Hence, their persistence can be used to improve skill of seasonal forecasts, particularly of mesoscale systems like the SEA monsoon. C1 [Bali, Manik] Univ Maryland, CICS ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Collins, Dan] NOAA NWS NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Bali, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, CICS ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM manik.bali@noaa.gov; dan.collins@noaa.gov RI Bali, Manik/J-7518-2013 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 45 IS 9-10 BP 2329 EP 2336 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2473-9 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV0PE UT WOS:000363952100003 ER PT J AU Furtado, JC Cohen, JL Butler, AH Riddle, EE Kumar, A AF Furtado, Jason C. Cohen, Judah L. Butler, Amy H. Riddle, Emily E. Kumar, Arun TI Eurasian snow cover variability and links to winter climate in the CMIP5 models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Arctic Oscillation; Large-scale extratropical climate variability; Stratosphere-troposphere coupling; Eurasian snow cover ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; SIBERIAN SNOW; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SEA-ICE; STRATOSPHERE; PRECURSORS; PREDICTION; ANOMALIES; TRENDS AB Observational studies and modeling experiments illustrate that variability in October Eurasian snow cover extent impacts boreal wintertime conditions over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) through a dynamical pathway involving the stratosphere and changes in the surface-based Arctic Oscillation (AO). In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive study of the Eurasian snow-AO relationship in twenty coupled climate models run under pre-industrial conditions from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Our analyses indicate that the coupled climate models, individually and collectively, do not capture well the observed snow-AO relationship. The models lack a robust lagged response between October Eurasian snow cover and several NH wintertime variables (e.g., vertically propagating waves and geopotential heights). Additionally, the CMIP5 models do not simulate the observed spatial distribution and statistics of boreal fall snow cover across the NH including Eurasia. However, when analyzing individual 40-year time slices of the models, there are periods of time in select models when the observed snow-AO relationship emerges. This finding suggests that internal variability may play a significant role in the observed relationship. Further analysis demonstrates that the models poorly capture the downward propagation of stratospheric anomalies into the troposphere, a key facet of NH wintertime climate variability irrespective of the influence of Eurasian snow cover. A weak downward propagation signal may be related to several factors including too few stratospheric vortex disruptions and weaker-than-observed tropospheric wave driving. The analyses presented can be used as a roadmap for model evaluations in future studies involving NH wintertime climate variability, including those considering future climate change. C1 [Furtado, Jason C.; Cohen, Judah L.] Atmospheric & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Butler, Amy H.] Univ Colorado, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Riddle, Emily E.; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Riddle, Emily E.] INNOVIM LLC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Furtado, JC (reprint author), Atmospheric & Environm Res Inc, 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM jfurtado@aer.com RI Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; Furtado, Jason/A-3459-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; Furtado, Jason/0000-0001-6580-2109; FU NOAA [NA10OAR4310163]; NSF [BCS-1060323, AGS-1303647] FX Work for this project was supported under three research grants. All authors received support from NOAA Grant #NA10OAR4310163. Additionally, J. C. Furtado and J. L. Cohen received support under NSF Grant #BCS-1060323 and #AGS-1303647. The authors acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's PCMDI provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments about the manuscript. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 45 IS 9-10 BP 2591 EP 2605 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2494-4 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV0PE UT WOS:000363952100020 ER PT J AU Volkov, DL Landerer, FW AF Volkov, Denis L. Landerer, Felix W. TI Internal and external forcing of sea level variability in the Black Sea SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER DISCHARGE; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ALTIMETER DATA; SURFACE; COMPUTATIONS; REANALYSIS; STRAIT; OCEAN; EARTH AB The variability of sea level in the Black Sea is forced by a combination of internal and external processes of atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial origin. We use a combination of satellite altimetry and gravity, tide gauge, river discharge, and atmospheric re-analysis data to provide a comprehensive up-to-date analysis of sea level variability in the Black Sea and to quantify the role of different environmental factors that force the variability. The Black Sea is part of a large-scale climatic system that includes the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic. The seasonal sea level budget shows similar contributions of fresh water fluxes (precipitation, evaporation, and river discharge) and the Black Sea outflow, while the impact of the net surface heat flux is smaller although not negligible. We find that the nonseasonal sea level time series in the Black and Aegean seas are significantly correlated, the latter leading by 1 month. This lag is attributed to the adjustment of sea level in the Black Sea to externally forced changes of sea level in the Aegean Sea and to the impact of river discharge. The nonseasonal sea level budget in the Black Sea is dominated by precipitation and evaporation over the sea itself, but external processes such as river discharge and changes in the outflow can also cause some large synoptic-scale sea level anomalies. Sea level is strongly coupled to terrestrial water storage over the Black Sea drainage basin, which is modulated by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). We show that during the low/high NAO southwesterly/northeasterly winds near the Strait of Gibraltar and southerly/northerly winds over the Aegean Sea are able to dynamically increase/decrease sea level in the Mediterranean and Black seas, respectively. C1 [Volkov, Denis L.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Volkov, Denis L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Landerer, Felix W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Volkov, DL (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM denis.volkov@noaa.gov RI Volkov, Denis/A-6079-2011; OI Volkov, Denis/0000-0002-9290-0502; Landerer, Felix/0000-0003-2678-095X FU NASA MEaSUREs Program; NASA Ocean Surface Topography Science Team program [NNX13AO73G] FX The satellite altimetry SLA data were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso (www.aviso.oceanobs.com) with support from CNES. GRACE land data (available at http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov) and supported by the NASA MEaSUREs Program. We thank the Global Runoff Data Centre for kindly providing us the Danube discharge time series. The authors thank Sang-Ki Lee, Elizabeth Johns, and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on the initial version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the NASA Ocean Surface Topography Science Team program (Grant Number NNX13AO73G) and carried out at NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 45 IS 9-10 BP 2633 EP 2646 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2498-0 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV0PE UT WOS:000363952100023 ER PT J AU Cloteaux, B AF Cloteaux, Brian TI Is This for Real? Fast Graphicality Testing SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEQUENCES C1 NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cloteaux, B (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.cloteaux@nist.gov OI Cloteaux, Brian/0000-0002-6177-9850 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 EI 1558-366X J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 17 IS 6 BP 91 EP 95 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA CV4IE UT WOS:000364229600015 ER PT J AU Kai, Y Stevenson, DE Ueda, Y Hamatsu, T Nakabo, T AF Kai, Yoshiaki Stevenson, Duane E. Ueda, Yuji Hamatsu, Tomonori Nakabo, Tetsuji TI Molecular insights into geographic and morphological variation within the Eumicrotremus asperrimus species complex (Cottoidei: Cyclopteridae) SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mitochondrial DNA; Cyclopteropsis; Lethotremus; North Pacific; Phylogeography; Spiny tubercles ID SEA DEMERSAL FISH; FRESH-WATER EELS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-GROWTH; JAPAN SEA; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; HISTORIES; PROGRAMS; OKHOTSK AB A molecular phylogeny of lumpsukers, Eumicrotremus asperrimus and related species (family Cyclopteridae), is presented on the basis of sequence variations in the cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 genes (1,659 base pairs) of mitochondrial DNA using specimens collected from across the North Pacific, including the Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea, and Gulf of Alaska. Specimens identified as Eumicrotremus phrynoides, Cyclopteropsis bergi, Cyclopteropsis lindbergi, and Lethotremus muticus on the basis of the presence or absence of spiny tubercles and height of the first dorsal fin did not exhibit reciprocal monophyly, but were randomly clustered with E. asperrimus. This collection of forms is therefore referred to as the "E. asperrimus species complex." DNA sequence data presented here divided the E. asperrimus species complex into two distinct clades, corresponding to the eastern North Pacific (the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska) and the western North Pacific (the Seas of Japan and Okhotsk) regions. Slight morphometric differences between eastern and western clades were also evident, indicating that they represent at least two different species. The genetic level of divergence between the two clades suggests that the speciation event occurred during the early Pleistocene to late Pliocene. Although the presence and morphology of tubercles have been used extensively for species discrimination in Cyclopteridae, our results suggest that this character complex is confounded by intraspecific variation. Examined samples showed some sexual dimorphism in the relative development of the tubercles, although the pattern was different between the eastern and western North Pacific clades. These results underscore the need for a thorough re-examination of the taxonomy of Pacific cyclopterids, using molecular data to supplement potentially misleading tubercle morphology. C1 [Kai, Yoshiaki] Kyoto Univ, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Maizuru Fisheries Res Stn, Maizuru, Kyoto 6250086, Japan. [Stevenson, Duane E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ueda, Yuji] Fisheries Res Agcy, Japan Sea Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Chuo Ku, Niigata 9518121, Japan. [Hamatsu, Tomonori] Fisheries Res Agcy, Hokkaido Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Kushiro, Hokkaido 0850802, Japan. [Nakabo, Tetsuji] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto Univ Museum, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. RP Kai, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Maizuru Fisheries Res Stn, Maizuru, Kyoto 6250086, Japan. EM mebaru@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp FU Fisheries Agency of Japan FX We sincerely thank K. Fujiwara (Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute), the crews of T/V Tanshu-maru (Kasumi High School) and R/V Kaiyo-maru No. 5, A. Yamasaki, T. Miyajima, and the crews of the R/V Heian-maru (Kyoto Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Technology Center, Japan). We greatly appreciate the loans of specimens and gifts of tissues provided by T.W. Pietsch and K.P. Maslenikov (UW), as well as helpful discussions about statistics with J.W. Orr (AFSC). We also thank T.W. Pietsch and J.W. Orr for critical reviews of the manuscript. This study was supported in part by the Fisheries Agency of Japan under the projects of "Assessment of Fisheries Stocks in the Waters around Japan.'' NR 55 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 EI 1616-3915 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 62 IS 4 BP 396 EP 408 DI 10.1007/s10228-014-0453-4 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CV0PT UT WOS:000363953600002 ER PT J AU Govoni, JJ Terwilliger, M Markle, DF AF Govoni, John J. Terwilliger, Mark Markle, Douglas F. TI Age, growth, and long-distance dispersal in the western North Atlantic of vexillifer larvae of the pearlfish, Echiodon dawsoni, with notes on Carapus bermudensis (Ophidiiformes: Carapidae) SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Echiodon dawsoni; Carapus bermudensis; Vexillifers; Growth; Dispersal ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; GULF-OF-MEXICO; STATES CONTINENTAL-SHELF; UNITED-STATES; FLORIDA-KEYS; LIFE-HISTORY; CORAL-REEF; ONSLOW BAY; FISHES; CAROLINA AB We examined 120 vexillifer larvae of Echiodon dawsoni and 40 of Carapus bermudensis collected from the continental shelf and slope of the Gulf of Mexico and the western North Atlantic to Nova Scotia. Age was estimated for a subset of vexillifers, from which otoliths (sagittae) were excised and growth increments were recognizable, and a linear, estimated age at length relation was constructed. Spawning appeared to be year round for both species across their range. All estimated age classes of Ec. dawsoni were collected south of 35 A degrees N, but north of 35 A degrees N all vexillifers of Ec. dawsoni were older than 55 days. Only one C. bermudensis was collected north of 35 A degrees N. The occurrence of vexillifers of Ec. dawsoni north of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA, indicates long-distance dispersal to inhospitable habitats and might be related to their spawning farther offshore than C. bermudensis, in regions where their vexillifers are more likely to be entrained into the Gulf Stream and transported northeastward. C1 [Govoni, John J.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Terwilliger, Mark; Markle, Douglas F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Govoni, JJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Dept Appl Ecol, CMAST, 303 Coll Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM jjgovoni@gmail.com NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 EI 1616-3915 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 62 IS 4 BP 409 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s10228-014-0455-2 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CV0PT UT WOS:000363953600003 ER PT J AU Nguimdo, RM Saleh, K Coillet, A Lin, GP Martinenghi, R Chembo, YK AF Nguimdo, Romain Modeste Saleh, Khaldoun Coillet, Aurelien Lin, Guoping Martinenghi, Romain Chembo, Yanne K. TI Phase Noise Performance of Optoelectronic Oscillators Based on Whispering-Gallery Mode Resonators SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Optoelectronic oscillators; microwave generation; phase noise; whispering-gallery mode resonators ID MICROWAVE-OSCILLATORS AB Optoelectronic oscillators based on whispering-gallery mode resonators (WGMRs) are efficient oscillators for ultra-stable microwave generation, in which the energy can be stored in an ultra-high Q-factor resonator instead of the usual long delay line. In this paper, we derive a stochastic model for the calculation of the phase noise performance in these systems considering three different configurations, namely, the case where the energy is stored in high-Q disk-shaped WGMR, the case where energy is stored in an optical delay-line only, and the case for which the energy is stored simultaneously by the resonator and the delay line. Our investigations explain how the WGMR can be optimally used for spurious peak rejection in optoelectronic oscillators. Our experimental measurements are found to be in excellent agreement with analytical and simulation results. C1 [Nguimdo, Romain Modeste] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Opt Non Lineaire Theor, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Nguimdo, Romain Modeste] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Appl Phys Res Grp, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Saleh, Khaldoun; Lin, Guoping; Martinenghi, Romain; Chembo, Yanne K.] FEMTO ST Inst, Dept Opt, F-25030 Besancon, France. [Coillet, Aurelien] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nguimdo, RM (reprint author), Univ Libre Bruxelles, Opt Non Lineaire Theor, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM romain.nguimdo@vub.ac.be; khaldoun.saleh@femto-st.fr; acoillet@gmail.com; guoping.lin@femto-st.fr; romain.martinenghi@femto-st.fr; yanne.chembo@femto-st.fr FU Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique; Research Foundation Flanders; Belgian Interuniversity Attraction Pole Network photonics@be; European Research Council; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales through the SHYRO Project; Region de Franche-Comte through the CORPS Project; Labex ACTION FX The work of R. M. Nguimdo was supported in part by Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, in part by the Research Foundation Flanders for project support and fellowships, and in part by the Belgian Interuniversity Attraction Pole Network photonics@be. The work of Y. K. Chembo was supported in part by the European Research Council through the StG NextPhase Project and PoC Versyt Project, in part by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales through the SHYRO Project, in part by the Region de Franche-Comte through the CORPS Project, and in part by the Labex ACTION. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 EI 1558-1713 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 51 IS 11 AR 6500308 DI 10.1109/JQE.2015.2488981 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA CV1OR UT WOS:000364028200001 ER PT J AU Suehle, JS AF Suehle, John S. TI Special Section on the 60th Anniversary of the International Electron Device Meeting Foreword SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Suehle, John S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Suehle, John S.] Editorial Board IEEE Transact Electron Devices, London, England. RP Suehle, JS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD NOV PY 2015 VL 62 IS 11 BP 3457 EP 3458 DI 10.1109/TED.2015.2478037 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA CV4MU UT WOS:000364242000001 ER PT J AU Choi, KY Vecchi, GA Wittenberg, AT AF Choi, Kit-Yan Vecchi, Gabriel A. Wittenberg, Andrew T. TI Nonlinear Zonal Wind Response to ENSO in the CMIP5 Models: Roles of the Zonal and Meridional Shift of the ITCZ/SPCZ and the Simulated Climatological Precipitation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; El Nino; Models and modeling; Climate models; Model comparison; Variability; Climate variability; Interannual variability; Tropical variability ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; PACIFIC CONVERGENCE ZONE; EL-NINO; LA-NINA; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE MODEL; TERMINATION; ASYMMETRY; VARIABILITY; TRANSITION AB The observed equatorial Pacific zonal wind response during El Nino tends to be stronger than during La Nina. Most global coupled climate models in phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5) exhibit such nonlinearity, although weaker than observed. The wind response nonlinearity can be reproduced by driving a linear shallow water atmospheric model with a model's or the observed precipitation anomalies, which can be decomposed into two main components: the zonal and meridional redistribution of the climatological precipitation. Both redistributions contribute comparably to the total rainfall anomalies, whereas the zonal redistribution plays the dominant role in the zonal wind response. The meridional redistribution component plays an indirect role in the nonlinear wind response by limiting the zonal redistribution during La Nina and thus enhancing the nonlinearity in the wind response significantly. During La Nina, the poleward movement of the ITCZ/SPCZ reduces the equatorial zonal-mean precipitation available for the zonal redistribution and its resulting zonal wind response. Conversely, during El Nino, the equatorward movement of the ITCZ and SPCZ do not limit the zonal redistribution of precipitation. The linear equatorial zonal wind response to ENSO is found to have a significant linear correlation with the equatorial central Pacific climatological precipitation and SST among the CMIP5 models. However, no linear correlation is found between the nonlinear equatorial zonal wind response and the climatological precipitation. C1 [Choi, Kit-Yan; Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Choi, KY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sayre Hall,300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM kityanc@princeton.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320752] FX The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis data are provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) and the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). The Global Precipitation Climatology Project, version 2.2, (GPCP) data are produced by an international set of scientists and organizations. Satellite data were collected by NOAA, the Japan Meteorological Agency, the European Space Agency, and EUMETSAT. The authors are grateful for all that have contributed to the preparation and dissemination of the datasets. This report was prepared by KC under Award NA08OAR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 28 IS 21 BP 8556 EP 8573 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0211.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU8BN UT WOS:000363766200015 ER PT J AU Knaff, JA Longmore, SP Molenar, DA AF Knaff, John A. Longmore, Scott P. Molenar, Debra A. TI An objective satellite-based tropical cyclone size climatology (vol 27, pg 455, 2014) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Correction DE Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Hurricanes; typhoons; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Hurricanes; typhoons; Observational techniques and algorithms; Algorithms C1 [Knaff, John A.; Molenar, Debra A.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Res & Applicat, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Longmore, Scott P.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Knaff, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, CIRA, Campus Delivery 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM john.knaff@noaa.gov RI Molenar, Debra/F-5615-2010; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 28 IS 21 BP 8648 EP 8651 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0610.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU8BN UT WOS:000363766200021 ER PT J AU Hartwell, SI Fukuyama, AK AF Hartwell, S. Ian Fukuyama, Allan K. TI The Effects of Sieve Size on Benthic Community Composition Analysis SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Benthic infauna; sieve mesh size; community assessment; sampling techniques ID MESH-SIZE; PUGET-SOUND; TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION; MARINE; WASHINGTON; USA; IDENTIFICATION; MACROBENTHOS; ASSEMBLAGES; MACROFAUNA AB Sediment samples were collected from the deep portion of Kachemak Bay, Alaska, for chemical analysis, toxicity testing, and infaunal community assessment as part of a larger Cook Inlet project. The benthos samples were sieved through nested 1.0- and 0.5-mm screens to allow a comparison of the relative efficacy of the two techniques. The community was highly diverse at all sampled locations (Shannon-Weiner Index > 3). Abundance was dominated by a relatively small number of species. A significantly higher number of individuals and species were retained on the 0.5-mm screen. Sieving the benthic organisms with a 1.0-mm sieve introduced biases in the data relative to the 0.5-mm screen, including calculations such as diversity and other parameters such as feeding guild distributions and benthic indices. Using a 0.5-mm mesh sieve did increase sample analysis costs and resulted in a larger number of individual organisms that were not identified to species. C1 [Hartwell, S. Ian] NOAA NOS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fukuyama, Allan K.] FHT Environm, Edmonds, WA 98026 USA. RP Hartwell, SI (reprint author), NOAA NOS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ian.hartwell@noaa.gov FU Cook Inlet Regional Citizens Advisory Council FX We gratefully acknowledge the Cook Inlet Regional Citizens Advisory Council for major funding support. For further detailed interpretation of the 2008 Kachemak Bay data with respect to the overall Integrated Cook Inlet EMAP, the reader is referred to that report (ICIEMAP, 2010). The Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and NOAA Kasitsna Bay Lab provided logistical support. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1531 EP 1536 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-14-00082.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA CV4TY UT WOS:000364260600022 ER PT J AU Ameta, G Lipman, R Moylan, S Witherell, P AF Ameta, Gaurav Lipman, Robert Moylan, Shawn Witherell, Paul TI Investigating the Role of Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing in Additive Manufacturing SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article ID FABRICATION; ORIENTATION; ALGORITHMS; DEPOSITION; SCAFFOLDS; POLYMER; DESIGN; SYSTEM AB Additive manufacturing (AM) has increasingly gained attention in the last decade as a versatile manufacturing process for customized products. AM processes can create complex, freeform shapes while also introducing features, such as internal cavities and lattices. These complex geometries are either not feasible or very costly with traditional manufacturing processes. The geometric freedoms associated with AM create new challenges in maintaining and communicating dimensional and geometric accuracy of parts produced. This paper reviews the implications of AM processes on current geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) practices, including specification standards, such as ASME Y14.5 and ISO 1101, and discusses challenges and possible solutions that lie ahead. Various issues highlighted in this paper are classified as (a) AM-driven specification issues and (b) specification issues highlighted by the capabilities of AM processes. AM-driven specification issues may include build direction, layer thickness, support structure related specification, and scan/track direction. Specification issues highlighted by the capabilities of AM processes may include region-based tolerances for complex freeform surfaces, tolerancing internal functional features, and tolerancing lattice and infills. We introduce methods to address these potential specification issues. Finally, we summarize potential impacts to upstream and downstream tolerancing steps, including tolerance analysis, tolerance transfer, and tolerance evaluation. C1 [Ameta, Gaurav] Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lipman, Robert; Moylan, Shawn; Witherell, Paul] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. RP Ameta, G (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 25 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 137 IS 11 SI SI AR 111401 DI 10.1115/1.4031296 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA CU9LI UT WOS:000363865600002 ER PT J AU Fierro, AO Mansell, ER Ziegler, CL MacGorman, DR AF Fierro, Alexandre O. Mansell, Edward R. Ziegler, Conrad L. MacGorman, Donald R. TI Explicitly Simulated Electrification and Lightning within a Tropical Cyclone Based on the Environment of Hurricane Isaac (2012) SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Atmospheric electricity; Hurricanes; typhoons; Cloud resolving models; Nonlinear models ID DATA ASSIMILATION TECHNIQUE; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; WRF-ARW MODEL; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; TOGA COARE; PART I; CHARGE-TRANSFER; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; RAPID INTENSIFICATION AB This work analyzes a high-resolution 350-m simulation of the electrification processes within a hurricane in conjunction with available total lightning observations to augment the general understanding of some of the key cloud-scale electrification processes within these systems. The general environment and trends of Hurricane Isaac (2012), whose lightning activity was observed by the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network, were utilized to produce a reasonable tropical cyclone simulation. The numerical model in this work employs explicit electrification and lightning parameterizations within the Weather Research and Forecasting Model.Overall, simulated storm-total flash origin density rates remain comparable to the observations. Because simulated reflectivities were larger and echo tops were higher in the eyewall than observed, the model consistently overestimated lightning rates there. The gross vertical charge structure in the eyewall resembled a normal tripole or a positive dipole, depending on the location. The negative charge at middle levels and positive at upper levels arose primarily from noninductive charging between graupel and ice crystals/snow. As some graupel melted into rain, the main midlevel negative charge region extended down to the surface in some places. The large volume of positively charged snow aloft caused a radially extensive negative screening layer to form on the lighter ice crystals above it.Akin to continental storms and tropical convection, lightning activity in the eyewall was well correlated with the ice water path (r > 0.7) followed by the graupel + hail path (r approximate to 0.7) and composite reflectivity at temperatures less than -10 degrees C and the snow + ice path (r approximate to 0.5). Relative maxima in updraft volume, graupel volume, and total lightning rates in the eyewall all were coincident with the end of an intensification phase. C1 [Fierro, Alexandre O.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Fierro, Alexandre O.; Mansell, Edward R.; Ziegler, Conrad L.; MacGorman, Donald R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Fierro, AO (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, CIMMS, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM alex.fierro@noaa.gov RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014; OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255; MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce [NOAA-OAR-CIPO-2014-2003893]; Texas Advances Computing Center (TACC) [ATM140027, ATM140032] FX The authors thank Bill Callahan, Benny Chukrun, Stan Heckman, Christopher Sloop, and Jim Anderson from Earth Networks for providing the total lightning data and Carrie Langston for providing the NSSL NMQ data. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. This work was further supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant NOAA-OAR-CIPO-2014-2003893. The computationally intensive simulation analyzed in this manuscript was made possible through research allocations obtained on the high-performance cluster (HPC) "Stampede" hosted by the Texas Advances Computing Center (TACC) under Grants ATM140027 and ATM140032. Code development, optimization, and testing made use of computing resources provided by NOAA (HPC "Jet"). Auxiliary computing resources were also provided by the Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) hosted at the University of Oklahoma. The authors also are grateful to two anonymous reviewers, John Knaff and Jack Kain, for providing helpful suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. Thanks also go out to John Cazes from TACC for providing valuable technical support. NR 129 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 72 IS 11 BP 4167 EP 4193 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0374.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV3UU UT WOS:000364192700006 ER PT J AU Shapiro, A Rahimi, S Potvin, CK Orf, L AF Shapiro, Alan Rahimi, Stefan Potvin, Corey K. Orf, Leigh TI On the Use of Advection Correction in Trajectory Calculations SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Interpolation schemes; Numerical analysis; modeling; Numerical analysis; modeling ID DUAL-DOPPLER ANALYSIS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; RADAR RAINFALL ESTIMATION; 5 JUNE 2009; PART I; SIMULATED SUPERCELLS; TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; BACK TRAJECTORIES; AMBROSIA POLLEN; AIR-POLLUTANTS AB An advection correction procedure is used to mitigate temporal interpolation errors in trajectory analyses constructed from gridded (in space and time) velocity data. The procedure is based on a technique introduced by Gal-Chen to reduce radar data analysis errors arising for the nonsimultaneity of the data collection. Experiments are conducted using data from a high-resolution Cloud Model 1 (CM1) numerical model simulation of a supercell storm initialized within an environment representative of the 24 May 2011 El Reno, Oklahoma, tornadic supercell storm. Trajectory analyses using advection correction are compared to traditional trajectory analyses using linear time interpolation. Backward trajectories are integrated over a 5-min period for a range of data input time intervals and for velocity-pattern-translation estimates obtained from different analysis subdomain sizes (box widths) and first-guess options. The use of advection correction reduces trajectory end-point position errors for a large majority of the trajectories in the analysis domain, with substantial improvements for trajectories launched in the vicinity of the model storm's gust front and in bands within the rear-flank downdraft. However, the pattern-translation components retrieved by this procedure may be nonunique if the data input time intervals are too large. C1 [Shapiro, Alan] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Shapiro, Alan] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Rahimi, Stefan] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Orf, Leigh] Cent Michigan Univ, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP Shapiro, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Room 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM ashapiro@ou.edu RI Orf, Leigh/D-2195-2016; Shapiro, Alan/G-6116-2011 OI Orf, Leigh/0000-0002-2677-6427; NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 72 IS 11 BP 4261 EP 4280 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0095.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV3UU UT WOS:000364192700010 ER PT J AU Uchida, T Ohno, Y AF Uchida, T. Ohno, Y. TI Defining the visual adaptation field for mesopic photometry: How does a high-luminance source affect peripheral adaptation? SO LIGHTING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRIGHTNESS DIFFERENCE THRESHOLD; LIGHT-SOURCE; GLARE; VISIBILITY AB CIE 191:2010 recommends a mesopic photometry system in which the luminous efficiency function is determined from the adaptation luminance. However, it cannot be practically implemented because the adaptation field used to determine the adaptation luminance is not defined. Surrounding luminance effect is a key factor in defining the adaptation field. Vision experiments have been conducted to measure the surrounding luminance effect on peripheral adaptation state with a point source at various intensities placed at different positions. The results reveal that the effect can be described as veiling luminance and that the magnitude of the effect is larger than that of the foveal veiling luminance. A model for the peripheral veiling luminance proposed by Stiles and Crawford in 1937 shows the best prediction for the surrounding luminance effect. C1 [Uchida, T.] Panasonic Corp, Kadoma, Osaka 5718686, Japan. [Uchida, T.; Ohno, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Uchida, T (reprint author), Panasonic Corp, 1048 Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 5718686, Japan. EM uchida.tatsukiyo@jp.panasonic.com FU New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) in Japan [P09024] FX This study is a part of a project funded by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) in Japan (Project number P09024). NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1477-1535 EI 1477-0938 J9 LIGHTING RES TECHNOL JI Lighting Res. Technol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 47 IS 7 BP 845 EP 858 DI 10.1177/1477153514558963 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Optics SC Construction & Building Technology; Optics GA CV3KK UT WOS:000364157900007 ER PT J AU Choi, JM Troy, CD Hawley, N AF Choi, Jun M. Troy, Cary D. Hawley, Nathan TI Shear dispersion from near-inertial internal Poincare waves in large lakes SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID HORIZONTAL DIFFUSION; PARTICLE-TRACKING; MICHIGAN; MODEL; TRANSPORT; LAYER; SHELF AB In this work, we study mixed layer lateral dispersion that is enhanced by near-inertial internal Poincare waves in the offshore region of a large stratified lake, Lake Michigan. We examine the hypothesis that the vertical shear created by near-inertial internal Poincare waves is not only an energy source for vertical mixing in the thermocline and mixed layer, but also enhances horizontal dispersion via an unsteady shear flow dispersion mechanism. Complex empirical orthogonal function analysis reveals that the dominant shear structure is observed to mirror the thermal structure, with the location of maximum shear gradually lowered as the mixed layer deepens. This changing structure of shear and vertical mixing produces different characteristics in shear flow dispersion between the early and later stratified periods. The estimated depth-averaged surface layer vertical turbulent diffusivity grows from 10-5m2s-1 to 10-3m2s-1 over the stratified period, and the associated lateral dispersion coefficients are estimated as 0.1-40 m2s-1. The Poincare waves are found to enhance greatly lateral dispersion for times less than the inertial period following release. In contrast, sub-inertial shear is the dominant mechanism responsible for shear dispersion for times greater than the inertial period. A simple approximation of the dispersion coefficient for lateral dispersion is developed, which scales as the product of surface current velocity (or wind friction velocity) and mixed layer depth. The calculated dispersion coefficients agree well with Okubo's diffusion diagram for times up to a week, which suggests that unsteady shear dispersion is a plausible mechanism to explain observed dispersion rates in the mixed layer for early times after release. C1 [Choi, Jun M.; Troy, Cary D.] Purdue Univ, Lyles Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hawley, Nathan] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Troy, CD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Lyles Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM troy@purdue.edu FU NSF [OCE-1030842] FX This work was supported by NSF grant OCE-1030842 (Physical Oceanography Division). This is GLERL contribution #1774. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 60 IS 6 BP 2222 EP 2235 DI 10.1002/lno.10163 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CU9TO UT WOS:000363888400027 ER PT J AU Hickstein, DD Dollar, FJ Grychtol, P Ellis, JL Knut, R Hernandez-Garcia, C Zusin, D Gentry, C Shaw, JM Fan, TT Dorney, KM Becker, A Jaron-Becker, A Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM Durfee, CG AF Hickstein, Daniel D. Dollar, Franklin J. Grychtol, Patrik Ellis, Jennifer L. Knut, Ronny Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos Zusin, Dmitriy Gentry, Christian Shaw, Justin M. Fan, Tingting Dorney, Kevin M. Becker, Andreas Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. Durfee, Charles G. TI Non-collinear generation of angularly isolated circularly polarized high harmonics SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID ATTOSECOND PULSES; RARE-GASES; FIELD; SPIN; WAVE; IONIZATION; RADIATION; DYNAMICS; FE; NI AB We generate angularly isolated beams of circularly polarized extreme ultraviolet light through the first implementation of non-collinear high harmonic generation with circularly polarized driving lasers. This non-collinear technique offers numerous advantages over previous methods, including the generation of higher photon energies, the separation of the harmonics from the pump beam, the production of both left and right circularly polarized harmonics at the same wavelength and the capability of separating the harmonics without using a spectrometer. To confirm the circular polarization of the beams and to demonstrate the practicality of this new light source, we measure the magnetic circular dichroism of a 20 nm iron film. Furthermore, we explain the mechanisms of non-collinear high harmonic generation using analytical descriptions in both the photon and wave models. Advanced numerical simulations indicate that this non-collinear mixing enables the generation of isolated attosecond pulses with circular polarization. C1 [Hickstein, Daniel D.; Dollar, Franklin J.; Grychtol, Patrik; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Knut, Ronny; Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos; Zusin, Dmitriy; Gentry, Christian; Fan, Tingting; Dorney, Kevin M.; Becker, Andreas; Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Durfee, Charles G.] Univ Colorado, JILA Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hickstein, Daniel D.; Dollar, Franklin J.; Grychtol, Patrik; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Knut, Ronny; Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos; Zusin, Dmitriy; Gentry, Christian; Fan, Tingting; Dorney, Kevin M.; Becker, Andreas; Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Durfee, Charles G.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos] Univ Salamanca, Grp Invest Opt Extrema, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. [Shaw, Justin M.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Durfee, Charles G.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hickstein, DD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM danhickstein@gmail.com RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos/G-3681-2011; Becker, Andreas/K-4402-2013; Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka/C-1227-2014; OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos/0000-0002-6153-2647; Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka/0000-0003-2339-8544; Grychtol, Patrik/0000-0002-7042-9334; Hickstein, Daniel/0000-0003-1277-847X FU Department of Energy BES Award [DE-FG02-99ER14982]; National Science Foundation's Engineering Research Centre in Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under MURI grant [FA9550-10-1-0561]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1144083]; EU [328334]; Junta de Castilla y Leon [SA116U13]; MINECO [FIS2013-44174-P]; National Science Foundation [PHY-1125844, PHY-1068706, CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado, Boulder; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [GR 4234/1-1]; Swedish Research Council (VR); Department of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences FX This work was completed at JILA. D.H., J.E., T.F., K.D., H.C. and M.M. acknowledge support from the Department of Energy BES Award DE-FG02-99ER14982. M.M., H.K. and C.D. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation's Engineering Research Centre in Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology. C.D. acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under MURI grant FA9550-10-1-0561. J.E. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE-1144083). C.H.-G. acknowledges support from a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the EU Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (2007-2013), under REA grant agreement no. 328334. C.H.-G. acknowledges support from Junta de Castilla y Leon (Project SA116U13) and MINECO (FIS2013-44174-P). A.J.-B. was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (grants nos. PHY-1125844 and PHY-1068706). This work made use of the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award no. CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado, Boulder. P.G. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. GR 4234/1-1). R.K. acknowledges the Swedish Research Council (VR) for financial support. A.B. acknowledges support from the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences. NR 53 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 9 U2 36 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD NOV PY 2015 VL 9 IS 11 BP 743 EP + DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2015.181 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA CV1TA UT WOS:000364039800014 ER PT J AU Sitz, LE Farneti, R Griffies, SM AF Sitz, Lina E. Farneti, Riccardo Griffies, Stephen M. TI Simulated South Atlantic transports and their variability during 1958-2007 (vol 91, pg 70, 2015) SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Correction C1 [Sitz, Lina E.; Farneti, Riccardo] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Earth Syst Phys Sect, Trieste, Italy. [Sitz, Lina E.] Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Fis, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Sitz, LE (reprint author), Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Earth Syst Phys Sect, Trieste, Italy. EM lsitz@ictp.it NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 95 BP 37 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.10.001 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CU9HR UT WOS:000363856000004 ER PT J AU Russell, DJF McClintock, BT Matthiopoulos, J Thompson, PM Thompson, D Hammond, PS Jones, EL MacKenzie, ML Moss, S McConnell, BJ AF Russell, Deborah J. F. McClintock, Brett T. Matthiopoulos, Jason Thompson, Paul M. Thompson, Dave Hammond, Phil S. Jones, Esther L. MacKenzie, Monique L. Moss, Simon McConnell, Bernie J. TI Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of activity budgets in sympatric grey and harbour seals SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID AMMODYTES-MARINUS RAITT; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; PHOCA-VITULINA; NORTH-SEA; HAUL-OUT; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; AERIAL COUNTS AB Investigation of activity budgets in relation to seasonal, intrinsic (age, sex) and extrinsic (time of day, spatial) covariates enables an understanding of how such covariates shape behavioural strategies. However, conducting such investigations in the wild is challenging, because of the required large sample size of individuals across the annual cycle, and difficulties in categorising behavioural states and analysing the resulting individual-referenced and serially correlated data. In this study, from telemetry tags deployed on 63 grey seals Halichoerus grypus and 126 harbour seals Phoca vitulina we used behavioural data, and movement data within a Bayesian state-space model (SSM), to define population-level activity budgets around Britain. Using generalised estimating equations (GEEs) we then examined how time spent in four states (resting on land (hauled out), resting at sea, foraging and travelling) was influenced by seasonal, intrinsic and extrinsic covariates. We present and discuss the following key findings. 1) We found no evidence that regional variation in foraging effort was linked to regional population trajectories in harbour seals. 2) Grey seals demonstrated sex-specific seasonal differences in their activity budgets, independent from those related to reproductive costs. 3) In these sympatric species there was evidence of temporal separation in time hauled out, but not in time foraging. 4) In both species, time spent resting at sea was separated into inshore (associated with tidal haul out availability) and offshore areas. Time spent resting at sea and on land was interchangeable to some extent, suggesting a degree of overlap in their functionality. This may result in a relaxation of the constraints associated with a central place foraging strategy. More generally, we demonstrate how a large dataset, incorporating differing tag parameters, can be analysed to define activity budgets and subsequently address important ecological questions. C1 [Russell, Deborah J. F.; Thompson, Dave; Hammond, Phil S.; Jones, Esther L.; Moss, Simon; McConnell, Bernie J.] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Russell, Deborah J. F.; MacKenzie, Monique L.] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Matthiopoulos, Jason] Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Thompson, Paul M.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV118YJ, Scotland. RP Russell, DJF (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. EM dr60@st-and.ac.uk OI Jones, Esther/0000-0002-4409-5860 FU UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), Offshore Energy Strategic Environmental Assessment programme; Scottish Government, Marine Mammal Scientific Support Research Programme [MMSS/001/11]; DECC; Natural Environment Research Council; Scottish Government; Marine Scotland Science; European Commission FX D. J. F. Russell was funded by the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) as part of their Offshore Energy Strategic Environmental Assessment programme and by Scottish Government as part of their Marine Mammal Scientific Support Research Programme (MMSS/001/11). We thank various people at the Univ. of St Andrews for fieldwork and helpful discussions including M. Bivins, A. Hall, M. Lonergan, P. Lovell and W. Patterson. The telemetry tags and their deployment were funded by DECC, the Natural Environment Research Council, Scottish Government, Marine Scotland Science and The European Commission. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Any use of trade, product or firm names does not imply an endorsement by the US Government. NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 13 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD NOV PY 2015 VL 124 IS 11 BP 1462 EP 1472 DI 10.1111/oik.01810 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU9LV UT WOS:000363866900006 ER PT J AU Buckler, AJ Danagoulian, J Johnson, K Peskin, A Gavrielides, MA Petrick, N Obuchowski, NA Beaumont, H Hadjiiski, L Jarecha, R Kuhnigk, JM Mantri, N McNitt-Gray, M Moltz, JH Nyiri, G Peterson, S Terve, P Tietjen, C von Lavante, E Ma, XN St Pierre, S Athelogou, M AF Buckler, Andrew J. Danagoulian, Jovanna Johnson, Kjell Peskin, Adele Gavrielides, Marios A. Petrick, Nicholas Obuchowski, Nancy A. Beaumont, Hubert Hadjiiski, Lubomir Jarecha, Rudresh Kuhnigk, Jan-Martin Mantri, Ninad McNitt-Gray, Michael Moltz, Jan H. Nyiri, Gergely Peterson, Sam Terve, Pierre Tietjen, Christian von Lavante, Etienne Ma, Xiaonan St Pierre, Samantha Athelogou, Maria TI Inter-Method Performance Study of Tumor Volumetry Assessment on Computed Tomography Test-Retest Data SO ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CT; volumetry; lung cancer; quantitative imaging; segmentation ID QUANTITATIVE IMAGING BIOMARKERS; NODULE SIZE ESTIMATION; PULMONARY NODULES; THORACIC CT; AIDED VOLUMETRY; DATA SETS; PHANTOM; RECONSTRUCTION; VARIABILITY; ERROR AB Rationale and objectives: Tumor volume change has potential as a biomarker for diagnosis, therapy planning, and treatment response. Precision was evaluated and compared among semiautomated lung tumor volume measurement algorithms from clinical thoracic computed tomography data sets. The results inform approaches and testing requirements for establishing conformance with the Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance (QIBA) Computed Tomography Volumetry Profile. Materials and Methods: Industry and academic groups participated in a challenge study. Intra-algorithm repeatability and inter-algorithm reproducibility were estimated. Relative magnitudes of various sources of variability were estimated using a linear mixed effects model. Segmentation boundaries were compared to provide a basis on which to optimize algorithm performance for developers. Results: Intra-algorithm repeatability ranged from 13% (best performing) to 100% (least performing), with most algorithms demonstrating improved repeatability as the tumor size increased. Inter-algorithm reproducibility was determined in three partitions and was found to be 58% for the four best performing groups, 70% for the set of groups meeting repeatability requirements, and 84% when all groups but the least performer were included. The best performing partition performed markedly better on tumors with equivalent diameters greater than 40 mm. Larger tumors benefitted by human editing but smaller tumors did not. One-fifth to one-half of the total variability came from sources independent of the algorithms. Segmentation boundaries differed substantially, not ony in overall volume but also in detail. Conclusions: Nine of the 12 participating algorithms pass precision requirements similar to what is indicated in the QIBA Profile, with the caveat that the present study was not designed to explicitly evaluate algorithm profile conformance. Change in tumor volume can be measured with confidence to within +/- 14% using any of these nine algorithms on tumor sizes greater than 10 mm. No partition of the algorithms was able to meet the QIBA requirements for interchangeability down to 10 mm, although the partition comprising best performing algorithms did meet this requirement for a tumor size of greater than approximately 40 mm. C1 [Buckler, Andrew J.; Danagoulian, Jovanna; Ma, Xiaonan; St Pierre, Samantha] Elucid Bioimaging Inc, Wenham, MA 01984 USA. [Johnson, Kjell] Arbor Analyt LLC, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Peskin, Adele] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Gavrielides, Marios A.; Petrick, Nicholas] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Obuchowski, Nancy A.] Cleveland Clin, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Beaumont, Hubert] MEDIAN Technol, Valbonne, France. [Hadjiiski, Lubomir] Univ Michigan, Dept Radiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jarecha, Rudresh] Sundew Properties SEZ Pvt Ltd Mindspace, Percept Informat, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Kuhnigk, Jan-Martin; Moltz, Jan H.] Fraunhofer MEVIS, Inst Med Image Comp, Bremen, Germany. [Mantri, Ninad] ICON Med Imaging, Warrington, PA USA. [McNitt-Gray, Michael] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Nyiri, Gergely] GE Healthcare, Buc, France. [Peterson, Sam] Vital Images Inc, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Terve, Pierre] KEOSYS, St Herblain, France. [Tietjen, Christian] Siemens AG, Imaging & Therapy Div, Healthcare Sect, Forchheim, Germany. [von Lavante, Etienne] Mirada Med Ltd, Oxford Ctr Innovat, Oxford, England. [Athelogou, Maria] Definiens AG, Munich, Germany. RP Buckler, AJ (reprint author), Elucid Bioimaging Inc, 225 Main St, Wenham, MA 01984 USA. EM andrew.buckler@elucidbio.com OI Buckler, Andrew/0000-0002-0786-4835 FU National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) [HHSN268201300071C] FX The challenge study could not have taken place without the active participation by the organizations that submitted data. We also acknowledge the crucial logistical support from the RSNA staff in administering the application process, which included anonymized interactions among participating study groups, funding provided by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) to defray statistical analysis costs (specifically, this manuscript was prepared in compliance with contract number HHSN268201300071C), and of course the groups themselves as without their effort to produce the submissions there would have been no project. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1076-6332 EI 1878-4046 J9 ACAD RADIOL JI Acad. Radiol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1393 EP 1408 DI 10.1016/j.acra.2015.08.007 PG 16 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CU5WG UT WOS:000363602100009 PM 26376841 ER PT J AU Chao, LS Schlamminger, S Newell, DB Pratt, JR Seifert, F Zhang, X Sineriz, G Liu, M Haddad, D AF Chao, L. S. Schlamminger, S. Newell, D. B. Pratt, J. R. Seifert, F. Zhang, X. Sineriz, G. Liu, M. Haddad, D. TI A LEGO Watt balance: An apparatus to determine a mass based on the new SI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLANCK CONSTANT; JOSEPHSON; STANDARDS; KILOGRAM AB A global effort to redefine our International System of Units (SI) is underway, and the change to the new system is expected to occur in 2018. Within the newly redefined SI, the present base units will still exist but be derived from fixed numerical values of seven reference constants. In particular, the unit of mass (the kilogram) will be realized through a fixed value of the Planck constant h. A socalled watt balance, for example, can then be used to realize the kilogram unit of mass within a few parts in 10(8). Such a balance has been designed and constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. For educational outreach and to demonstrate the principle, we have constructed a LEGO tabletop watt balance capable of measuring a gram-level masses to 1% relative uncertainty. This article presents the design, construction, and performance of the LEGO watt balance and its ability to determine h. (C) 2015 Author(s). C1 [Chao, L. S.; Schlamminger, S.; Newell, D. B.; Pratt, J. R.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seifert, F.; Zhang, X.; Sineriz, G.; Liu, M.; Haddad, D.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chao, LS (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 EI 1943-2909 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 83 IS 11 BP 913 EP 922 DI 10.1119/1.4929898 PG 10 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA CU4VV UT WOS:000363529400005 ER PT J AU Brookes, EH Anjum, N Curtis, JE Marru, S Singh, R Pierce, M AF Brookes, Emre H. Anjum, Nadeem Curtis, Joseph E. Marru, Suresh Singh, Raminder Pierce, Marlon TI The GenApp framework integrated with Airavata for managed compute resource submissions SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE CASE tools; Science Gateway; middleware; design; human factors; languages AB A new framework (GenApp) for rapid generation of scientific applications running on a variety of systems including science gateways has recently been developed. This framework currently builds a GUI and/or web-based user interface for a variety of target environments on a collection of executable modules. The method for execution of modules has limited framework restrictions: primarily the requirement of wrapping the application to accept input and output formatted in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). Initial implementation supports direct execution on a user's workstation, a web server, or a compute resource accessible from the web server. After a successful initial workshop utilizing the framework to create a web-based user interface wrapping a scientific software suite, it was discovered that long-running jobs would sometimes fail, because of the loss of a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection. This precipitated an improvement to the execution method with the bonus of easily allowing multiple web clients to attach to the running job. To support a diversity of queue managed compute resources, a Google Summer of Code' project was completed to integrate the Apache Airavata middleware as an additional execution model within the GenApp framework. New features of file management, job management with progress, and message box support are described. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 2015.(c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Brookes, Emre H.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Anjum, Nadeem] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. [Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marru, Suresh; Singh, Raminder; Pierce, Marlon] Indiana Univ, Pervas Technol Inst, Bloomington, IN USA. RP Brookes, EH (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM emre@biochem.uthscsa.edu OI Pierce, Marlon/0000-0002-9582-5712 FU NSF [CHE-1265817, CHE-1265821]; XSEDE allocation [TG-MCB140255]; Google Summer of Code; EPSRC [EP/K039121/1]; NIST FX This work was supported by NSF grant CHE-1265817 and XSEDE allocation TG-MCB140255 to E. H. Brookes and Google Summer of Code funding to N. Anjum. This work benefited from CCP-SAS software developed through a joint EPSRC (EP/K039121/1) and NSF (CHE-1265821) grant. J. E. Curtis acknowledges support from NIST. We thank the reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-0626 EI 1532-0634 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 27 IS 16 SI SI BP 4292 EP 4303 DI 10.1002/cpe.3519 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA CU4BK UT WOS:000363470800018 ER PT J AU Johnson-Colegrove, A Ciannelli, L Brodeur, RD AF Johnson-Colegrove, Angela Ciannelli, Lorenzo Brodeur, Richard D. TI Ichthyoplankton distribution and abundance in relation to nearshore dissolved oxygen levels and other environmental variables within the Northern California Current System SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE California Current; environmental effects; hypoxia; Ichthyoplankton; larval assemblages ID LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEM; ANCHOVIES ANCHOA SPP.; CENTRAL OREGON COAST; HABITAT COMPRESSION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DECLINING OXYGEN; HYPOXIC ESTUARY; PATUXENT RIVER; FISH LARVAE; DEAD ZONES AB Nearshore hypoxia along the coast of Oregon and Washington is a seasonal phenomenon that has generated concern among scientists studying this temperate upwelling ecosystem. These waters are affected by coastal upwelling-induced hypoxia mainly during late summer and fall, but the effects of low oxygen levels on fish and invertebrate communities, particularly during the early-life history stages, are poorly known. We investigated the effects of hypoxia and other variables on the species composition, density, vertical and horizontal distribution of fish larvae along the Oregon and Washington coasts during the summers of 2008, 2009 and 2010. Bottom-dissolved oxygen (DO) values ranged from 0.49 to 4.79mLL(-1), but the overall water column DO values were only moderately hypoxic during the 3yr of sampling compared with recent extreme years. In this study, DO was found to be an environmental parameter affecting the species composition, but other variables such as season, year and depth of capture were also important. Although the overall density of fish larvae increased with increasing bottom-DO values, the effect on individual species density was limited. Slender sole (Lyopsetta exilis) and sand sole (Psettichthys melanostictus) were the only species to have a weak trend of density with DO, but both showed negative relationships and neither relationship was significant. Our results indicate that larval fish spatial distribution was only moderately affected within the range of observed oxygen values, but low DO may be an important factor under intense hypoxic conditions. C1 [Johnson-Colegrove, Angela; Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Ciannelli, L (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lciannel@coas.oregonstate.edu FU Oregon Sea Grant [NA06OAR4170010]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Sea Grant College Program, U.S. Department of Commerce [R/ECO-23] FX This research was sponsored by Oregon Sea Grant under award number NA06OAR4170010, project number R/ECO-23 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Sea Grant College Program, U.S. Department of Commerce, and by appropriations made by the Oregon State Legislature. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of these funders. We would also like to thank the those who aided in the field collections of this project including Bill Peterson, Frances Chan and Tim Cowles for providing ship time, the crews of the OSU R/V Elakha, OSU R/V Wecoma and NOAA R/V Miller Freeman for their assistance in the field work, and Chris Toole, Toby Auth, Dafne Eerkes-Medrano, Jason Philips, Bobby Ireland, Valerio Bartolino and many others for their assistance with field collections and species identifications. Jack Barth, Toby Auth and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 24 IS 6 BP 495 EP 507 DI 10.1111/fog.12124 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA CU9LQ UT WOS:000363866400001 ER PT J AU Kelly, JT Lerner, DT O'Dea, MF Regish, AM Monette, MY Hawkes, JP Nislow, KH McCormick, SD AF Kelly, J. T. Lerner, D. T. O'Dea, M. F. Regish, A. M. Monette, M. Y. Hawkes, J. P. Nislow, K. H. McCormick, S. D. TI Evidence for episodic acidification effects on migrating Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminium; Maine; north-eastern USA; osmoregulation; pH; stress ID SHORT-TERM ACID; SEAWATER TOLERANCE; ALUMINUM EXPOSURE; MARINE SURVIVAL; WATER; PHYSIOLOGY; RIVERS; PARR; TRANSFORMATION; IMPACTS AB Field studies were conducted to determine levels of gill aluminium as an index of acidification effects on migrating Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in the north-eastern U.S.A. along mainstem river migration corridors in several major river basins. Smolts emigrating from the Connecticut River, where most (but not all) tributaries were well buffered, had low or undetectable levels of gill aluminium and high gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity. In contrast, smolts emigrating from the upper Merrimack River basin where most tributaries are characterized by low pH and high inorganic aluminium had consistently elevated gill aluminium and lower gill NKA activity, which may explain the low adult return rates of S. salar stocked into the upper Merrimack catchment. In the Sheepscot, Narraguagus and Penobscot Rivers in Maine, river and year-specific effects on gill aluminium were detected that appeared to be driven by underlying geology and high spring discharge. The results indicate that episodic acidification is affecting S. salar smolts in poorly buffered streams in New England and may help explain variation in S. salar survival and abundance among rivers and among years, with implications for the conservation and recovery of S. salar in the north-eastern U.S.A. These results suggest that the physiological condition of outmigrating smolts may serve as a large-scale sentinel of landscape-level recovery of atmospheric pollution in this and other parts of the North Atlantic region. C1 [Kelly, J. T.; Lerner, D. T.; O'Dea, M. F.; Regish, A. M.; Monette, M. Y.; McCormick, S. D.] USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Kelly, J. T.; Nislow, K. H.; McCormick, S. D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Lerner, D. T.; Monette, M. Y.; Nislow, K. H.] Univ Massachusetts, Organism & Evolutionary Biol Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hawkes, J. P.] Maine Field Stn, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Nislow, K. H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, Res Unit NE 4251, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kelly, JT (reprint author), Univ New Haven, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, 300 Boston Post Rd, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. EM jkelly@newhaven.edu FU Northeast States Research Cooperative FX We dedicate this paper in memory of our co-author, colleague and dear friend Michael F. O'Dea who passed away on 2 August, 2015; he is greatly missed. We thank J. McKeon (USFWS) and C. Mooney and colleagues of Public Service of New Hampshire for their help in conducting smolt collections at the Pemigewasset River. We thank B. Stira (First Light Power Resources) and B. Adams and students of Greenfield Community College for their help in conducting smolt collections at the Connecticut River. We would like to thank C. Lipsky, P. Ruksznis as well as all other NOAA and Maine Department of Marine Resources staff who assisted in smolt and water-quality sample collection. Thanks also to J. Magee for helpful comments on an early draft of this manuscript. This study was funded in part by a grant from the Northeast States Research Cooperative. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1129 EP 1146 DI 10.1111/jfb.12763 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CU5RT UT WOS:000363590400001 PM 26399385 ER PT J AU Skinner, PS Weiss, CC Wicker, LJ Potvin, CK Dowell, DC AF Skinner, Patrick S. Weiss, Christopher C. Wicker, Louis J. Potvin, Corey K. Dowell, David C. TI Forcing Mechanisms for an Internal Rear-Flank Downdraft Momentum Surge in the 18 May 2010 Dumas, Texas, Supercell SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Pressure; Tornadogenesis; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Supercells; Tornadoes; Observational techniques and algorithms; Radars; Radar observations; Mathematical and statistical techniques; Kalman filters ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; 5 JUNE 2009; SYSTEM SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS; OKLAHOMA-CITY SUPERCELL; STORM-SCALE ANALYSES; DUAL-DOPPLER; DATA ASSIMILATION; TORNADIC SUPERCELL; GOSHEN COUNTY AB The forcing and origins of an internal rear-flank downdraft (RFD) momentum surge observed by the second Verification of the Origin of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) within a supercell occurring near Dumas, Texas, on 18 May 2010 is assessed through ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) storm-scale analyses. EnKF analyses are produced every 2 min from mobile Doppler velocity data collected by the Doppler on Wheels and Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching radars, as well as radial velocity and reflectivity data from the KAMA (Amarillo, Texas) WSR-88D. EnKF analyses are found to reproduce the structure and evolution of an internal RFD momentum surge observed in independent mobile Doppler radar observations.Pressure retrievals of EnKF analyses reveal that the low-level RFD outflow structure is primarily determined through nonlinear dynamic perturbation pressure gradient forcing. Horizontal acceleration into a trough of low perturbation pressure between the low-level mesocyclone and mesoanticyclone and trailing the primary RFD gust front is followed by an abrupt deceleration of air parcels crossing the trough axis. This deceleration and associated strong convergence downstream of the pressure trough and horizontal velocity maximum are indicative of an internal RFD momentum surge. Backward trajectory analyses reveal that air parcels within the RFD surge originate from two source regions: near the surface to the north of the low-level mesocyclone, and in the ambient flow outside of the storm environment at a height of approximately 2 km. C1 [Skinner, Patrick S.; Wicker, Louis J.; Potvin, Corey K.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Weiss, Christopher C.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Dowell, David C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Skinner, PS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM patrick.skinner@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation; NSF [AGS-0800542, AGS-0964088]; National Research Council Research Associateship FX We thank Drs. Josh Wurman, Karen Kosiba, and Michael Biggerstaff for collecting and making available the DOW and SMART-R data used in this study and NCAR/EOL, under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation, for hosting the data. Collaboration on the observational aspects of the Dumas case with Drs. Michael French, Howard Bluestein, Paul Markowski, and Yvette Richardson provided much of the motivation and direction for this research. Additionally, we are grateful for thorough reviews of the manuscript provided by Dr. James Marquis and two anonymous reviewers, as well as conversations with Bruce Lee, Cathy Finley, Anthony Reinhart, Alex Schenkman, Brian Ancell, John Schroeder, and Dan Dawson, which have been invaluable to the research. SOLO II and the Observational Processing and Wind Synthesis (OPAWS) software were used for editing and objectively analyzing radar data and MatLab was used for three-dimensional data visualization. The authors thank the developers of the freely provided Enthought python distribution and matplotlib, NumPy, and SciPy libraries, which were used to produce the majority of the analyses and figures herein. This study was supported by NSF Grants AGS-0800542 and AGS-0964088 to Texas Tech University and the first author received support from a National Research Council Research Associateship. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 143 IS 11 BP 4305 EP 4330 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0164.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU7DQ UT WOS:000363696800002 ER PT J AU Lebo, ZJ Morrison, H AF Lebo, Z. J. Morrison, H. TI Effects of Horizontal and Vertical Grid Spacing on Mixing in Simulated Squall Lines and Implications for Convective Strength and Structure SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Deep convection; Turbulence; Mathematical and statistical techniques; Numerical analysis; modeling; Models and modeling; Mesoscale models ID WRF MODEL; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; MOIST CONVECTION; RESOLUTION; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY; IMPACT; FORECASTS; CUMULUS; NWP AB The sensitivity of an idealized squall line to horizontal Delta(h) and vertical Delta(v) grid spacing is investigated using a new approach. Simulations are first performed at a horizontal grid spacing of 1 km until the storm reaches its mature stage. The model output is then interpolated to smaller (and larger) grid spacings, and the model is restarted using the interpolated state plus small thermodynamic perturbations to spin up small-scale motions. This framework allows an investigation of the sensitivity of the storm to changes in Delta(h) without complications from differences in storm initiation and early evolution. The restarted simulations reach a quasi steady state within approximately 1 h. Results demonstrate that there are two Delta(h)-dependent regimes with the transition between regimes occurring for Delta(h) between 250 and 500 m. Some storm characteristics, such as the mean convective core area, change substantially for Delta(h) >250 m but show limited sensitivity as Dh is decreased below 250 m, despite better resolving smaller-scale turbulent motions. This transition is found to be independent of the chosen Dy. Mixing in the context of varying Delta(h) and Delta(v) is also investigated via passive tracers that are initialized 1 h after restarting the simulations (i. e., after the spin up of small-scale motions). The tracer field at the end of the simulations reveals that entrainment and detrainment are suppressed in the simulations with Delta(h) >= 500 m. For decreasing Delta(h), entrainment and detrainment are substantially more important, limiting the flux of low-level tracer to the upper troposphere, which has important implications for modeling studies of convective transport from the boundary layer through the troposphere. C1 [Lebo, Z. J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lebo, Z. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Morrison, H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Lebo, ZJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1000 East Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM zlebo@uwyo.edu RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU Advanced Study Program at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Goal funding; U. S. DOE ASR [DE-SC0008648]; NASA [NNX14AO85G]; NSF Science and Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP) [ATM-0425247]; National Science Foundation FX The case presented here stems from a squall-line case study that was part of the Eighth International Cloud Modeling Workshop held in Warsaw, Poland. ZL was supported by the Advanced Study Program at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Goal funding. HM was partially supported by U. S. DOE ASR DE-SC0008648, NASA NNX14AO85G, and the NSF Science and Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP), managed by Colorado State University under Cooperative Agreement ATM-0425247. We would also like to acknowledge high performance computing support from Yellowstone provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 143 IS 11 BP 4355 EP 4375 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0154.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU7DQ UT WOS:000363696800004 ER EF