FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Cui, YJ Li, B He, HJ Zhou, W Chen, BL Qian, GD AF Cui, Yuanjing Li, Bin He, Huajun Zhou, Wei Chen, Banglin Qian, Guodong TI Metal-Organic Frameworks as Platforms for Functional Materials SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID HIGHLY SELECTIVE SEPARATION; HIGH METHANE STORAGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SMALL MOLECULES; EFFICIENT; CAPTURE; DYE; HYDROCARBONS; TEMPERATURE AB Discoveries of novel functional materials have played very important roles to the development of science and technologies and thus to benefit our daily life. Among the diverse materials, metal organic framework (MOF) materials are rapidly emerging as a unique type of porous and organic/inorganic hybrid materials which can be simply self-assembled from their corresponding inorganic metal ions/clusters with organic linkers, and can be straightforwardly characterized by various analytical methods. In terms of porosity, they are superior to other well-known porous materials such as zeolites and carbon materials; exhibiting extremely high porosity with surface area up to 7000 m(2)/g, tunable pore sizes, and metrics through the interplay of both organic and inorganic components with the pore sizes ranging from 3 to 100 A, and lowest framework density down to 0.13 g/cm(3). Such unique features have enabled metal organic frameworks to exhibit great potentials for a broad range of applications in gas storage, gas separations, enantioselective separations, heterogeneous catalysis, chemical sensing and drug delivery. On the other hand, metal organic frameworks can be also considered as organic/inorganic self-assembled hybrid materials, we can take advantages of the physical and chemical properties of both organic and inorganic components to develop their functional optical, photonic, and magnetic materials. Furthermore, the pores within MOFs can also be utilized to encapsulate a large number of different species of diverse functions, so a variety of functional MOF/composite materials can be readily synthesized. In this Account, we describe our recent research progress on pore and function engineering to develop functional MOF materials. We have been able to tune and optimize pore spaces, immobilize specific functional groups, and introduce chiral pore environments to target MOF materials for methane storage, light hydrocarbon separations, enantioselective recognitions, carbon dioxide capture, and separations. The intrinsic optical and photonic properties of metal ions and organic ligands, and guest molecules and/or ions can be collaboratively assembled and/or encapsulated into their frameworks, so we have realized a series of novel MOF materials as ratiometric luminescent thermometers, O-2 sensors, white-light-emitting materials, nonlinear optical materials, two-photon pumped lasing materials, and two-photon responsive materials for 3D patterning and data storage. Thanks to the interplay of the dual functionalities of metal-organic frameworks (the inherent porosity, and the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of inorganic and organic building blocks and encapsulated guest species), our research efforts have led to the development of functional MOF materials beyond our initial imaginations. C1 [Cui, Yuanjing; He, Huajun; Chen, Banglin; Qian, Guodong] Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Cyrus Tang Ctr Sensor Mat & Applicat, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Li, Bin; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, BL; Qian, GD (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Cyrus Tang Ctr Sensor Mat & Applicat, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.; Chen, BL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM banglin.chen@utsa.edu; gdqian@zju.edu.cn RI Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Cui, Yuanjing/D-3816-2011; Li, Bin/J-6124-2015 OI Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Li, Bin/0000-0002-7774-5452 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51272229, 51272231, 51229201, 51472217, 51432001]; Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LR13E020001, LZ15E020001]; Welch Foundation [AX-1730]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-1407443] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51272229, 51272231, 51229201, 51472217, and 51432001), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. LR13E020001 and LZ15E020001), Welch Foundation (AX-1730), and National Science Foundation (ECCS-1407443). NR 50 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 455 U2 895 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 EI 1520-4898 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 49 IS 3 BP 483 EP 493 DI 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00530 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DG9GV UT WOS:000372391700014 PM 26878085 ER PT J AU Mondal, T Ashkar, R Butler, P Bhowmick, AK Krishnamoorti, R AF Mondal, Titash Ashkar, Rana Butler, Paul Bhowmick, Anil K. Krishnamoorti, Ramanan TI Graphene Nanocomposites with High Molecular Weight Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) Grafts: Controlled Synthesis and Accelerated Crystallization SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER; OXIDE; NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; STRATEGIES; NANOSHEETS; GRAPHITE; KINETICS AB Grafting of high molecular weight polymers to graphitic nanoplatelets is a critical step toward the development of high performance graphene nanocomposites. However, designing such a grafting route has remained a major impediment. Herein, we report a "grafting to" synthetic pathway by which high molecular weight polymer, poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), is tethered, at high grafting density, to highly anisotropic graphitic nanoplatelets. The efficacy of this tethering route and the resultant structural arrangements within the composite are confirmed by neutron and X-ray scattering measurements in the melt and solution phase. In the semicrystalline state, Xray analysis indicates that chain tethering onto the graphitic nanoplatelets results in conformational changes of the polymer chains, which enhance the nucleation process and aid formation of PCL crystallites. This is corroborated by the superior thermal properties of the composite, manifested in accelerated crystallization kinetics and a significant increase in the thermal degradation temperature. In principle, this synthesis route can be extended to a variety of high molecular weight polymers, which can open new avenues to solution-based processing of graphitic nanomaterials and the fabrication of complex 3D patterned graphitic nanocomposites. C1 [Mondal, Titash] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Patna 800013, Bihar, India. [Mondal, Titash; Krishnamoorti, Ramanan] Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Ashkar, Rana] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ashkar, Rana; Butler, Paul] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Butler, Paul] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Mondal, Titash; Bhowmick, Anil K.] Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Rubber Technol, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. [Ashkar, Rana] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krishnamoorti, R (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA.; Bhowmick, AK (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Rubber Technol, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. EM anilkb@rtc.iitkgp.ernet.in; ramanan@uh.edu RI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/F-7914-2011; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 OI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/0000-0001-5831-502X; FU U.S. Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF; from Fundamentals to Applications of Nanoparticle Assemblies) [32-2012/2013-14]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The authors acknowledge the help of Dr. Viktor Hadjiev (Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston) in the Raman spectroscopy measurements. The authors also thank Dr. David Mildner and Dr. Markus Bleuel for their help with the USANS experiments. T.M., A.K.B., and R.K. gratefully acknowledge the generous support of the Indo U.S. Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF; from Fundamentals to Applications of Nanoparticle Assemblies//32-2012/2013-14). T.M. and A.K.B also acknowledge the partial support of Central Research, Bridgestone Corporation, Japan. This work utilized facilities at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMR-0944772. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 5 IS 3 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5600930 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DG9IL UT WOS:000372395900004 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TM Pettibone, JM Gigault, J Hackley, VA AF Nguyen, Thao M. Pettibone, John M. Gigault, Julien Hackley, Vincent A. TI In situ monitoring, separation, and characterization of gold nanorod transformation during seed-mediated synthesis SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Field flow fractionation; Gold nanorod; Nanomanufacturing; Nanomaterial; Seed-mediated growth; Separation; Transformation ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; UV-VIS DETECTION; NANOPARTICLES; GROWTH; MECHANISM; SHAPE; SIZE; PARTICLES AB The control of gold nanorod (GNR) solution-based syntheses has been hindered in part by the inability to examine and control the conversion of precursor seed populations to anisotropic materials, which have resulted in low yields of desired products and limited their commercial viability. The advantages offered by tandem separation and characterization methods utilizing asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation (A4F) are principally achieved as a result of their non-disruptive nature (minimizing artefacts), fast throughput, and in-situ analysis. With hyphenated A4F methods, resolved populations of seeds and secondary products, up to long aspect ratio rods, have been achieved and exemplify progress towards elucidating mechanistic aspects of formation and thus rational design. While there have been previously reported studies on A4F separation of GNRs, to our knowledge, this is the first published investigation of in situ GNR growth, separation, and characterization based on A4F, where its utilization in this capacity goes beyond traditional separation analysis. By using hydroquinone as the reducing agent, the conversion of the initial seed population to a distribution of products, including the GNRs, could be monitored in real time using A4F hyphenated with a diode array detector. Transmission electron microscopy confirms that the number of peaks observed during fractionation corresponds with size and shape dispersity. This proof-of-principle study introduces A4F as a technique that establishes a foundation for future mechanistic studies on the growth of GNRs from gold seeds, including conversion of the seed population to initial products, a topic highly relevant to advancing progress in nanomanufacturing. C1 [Nguyen, Thao M.; Pettibone, John M.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nguyen, Thao M.] ANSER, 5727 Leesburg Pike N-5000, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. [Gigault, Julien] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, Lab Phys & Tox Chim Environm, 351 Cours Liberat, F-33405 Talence, France. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov FU NIST Nanomanufacturing Initiative through the Nanoparticle Manufacturing Program FX Research performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, and funded in part by the NIST Nanomanufacturing Initiative through the Nanoparticle Manufacturing Program. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 22 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 408 IS 9 BP 2195 EP 2201 DI 10.1007/s00216-016-9366-6 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DH2FC UT WOS:000372598600002 PM 26873210 ER PT J AU Hsu, CM AF Hsu, Chengmin TI Development of a Framework for Predicting Incident Probabilities of All Terrain Vehicle Use Across a Semi-Arid Landscape SO APPLIED SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE All-terrain vehicle; Trail detection; GIS structured query language; Object-based remote sensing; Logistic regression analysis ID HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGERY; RANGELAND; MODELS; SCALE; MANAGEMENT; TRAILS AB Recreational All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) activities can fulfill people's needs in physical, mental, and spiritual well-being, as well as provide significant economic contributions to local jurisdictions. Nevertheless, ATV use creates multiple environmental issues ranging from air and water pollution to soil erosion. Accurately forecasting the incidence locations of ATV activities helps to form the foundation for robust environmental management and conservation intervention. However, drivers' behavioral patterns have rarely been investigated within a geospatial context to enhance forecasting ability. This paper presents a novel process for estimating occurrence probability of ATV activities in a landscape near Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA, based on a 5 m-resolution web that unifies information extracted from the applications of remote sensing and GIS technologies. The model is composed of three major aspects: object-based classification and validation for the generation of the trail inventory, parameterization, and logistic regression analysis. Rider behavioral patterns were parameterized by quantifying the relationship embedded in the interactions between riders and the terrain. The model outcomes were then analyzed to portray riding patterns in responding to landscape features. The analyses demonstrated that the involvement of riding patterns, such as tailing of ridge branches and previous disturbances, generated significant results. The application of the Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (AUROC) validation technique results in an accuracy value greater than 0.8. Accurately foreseeing the spatial distribution of possible newly formed places for ATV activities will facilitate the inauguration of sound recreational policies, which in turn reduces ATV impacts on environments and retains welfare of non-motorized tourists. C1 [Hsu, Chengmin] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab,Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway,R PSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hsu, CM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab,Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway,R PSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chengmin.hsu@noaa.gov FU University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus; Wyss Foundation FX We thank University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus and the Wyss Foundation for their support of this work. We thank Jessica Hernandez for creating two geomorphologic variables and Daryoosh Ardalan for composing the map of the study site. We also greatly appreciate the constructive suggestions of the two anonymous reviewers. Finally, special thanks go to Dr. Brian Muller, who provided valuable advice on the research direction. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-463X EI 1874-4621 J9 APPL SPAT ANAL POLIC JI Appl. Spat. Anal. Policy PD MAR PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 55 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s12061-014-9129-8 PG 21 WC Geography SC Geography GA DG8IL UT WOS:000372327000004 ER PT J AU Dols, WS Emmerich, SJ Polidoro, BJ AF Dols, W. Stuart Emmerich, Steven J. Polidoro, Brian J. TI Using coupled energy, airflow and indoor air quality software (TRNSYS/CONTAM) to evaluate building ventilation strategies SO BUILDING SERVICES ENGINEERING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Airflow modeling; CONTAM; contaminant transport; coupled models; energy modeling; multizone modeling; TRNSYS ID NATURAL VENTILATION AB Building energy analysis tools are available in many forms that provide the ability to address a broad spectrum of energy-related issues in various combinations. Often these tools operate in isolation from one another, making it difficult to evaluate the interactions between related phenomena and interacting systems, forcing oversimplified assumptions to be made about various phenomena that could otherwise be addressed directly with another tool. One example of such interdependence is the interaction between heat transfer, inter-zone airflow, and indoor contaminant transport. To better address these interdependencies, the National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed an updated version of the multi-zone airflow and contaminant transport modeling tool, CONTAM, along with a set of utilities to enable coupling of the full CONTAM model with the TRNSYS simulation tool in a more seamless manner and with additional capabilities that were previously not available. This article provides an overview of these new capabilities and applies them to simulating a medium-size office building. These simulations address the interaction between whole-building energy, airflow, and contaminant transport in evaluating various ventilation strategies including natural and demand-controlled ventilation. Practical application: CONTAM has been in practical use for many years allowing building designers, as well as indoor air quality (IAQ) and ventilation system analysts, to simulate the complex interactions between building physical layout and HVAC system configuration in determining building airflow and contaminant transport. It has been widely used to design and analyze smoke management systems and evaluate building performance in response to chemical, biological, and radiological events. While CONTAM has been used to address design and performance of buildings implementing energy conserving ventilation systems, e.g. natural and hybrid, this new coupled simulation capability will enable users to apply the tool to couple CONTAM with existing energy analysis software to address the interaction between IAQ considerations and energy conservation measures in building design and analysis. This article presents two practical case studies using the coupled modeling tool to evaluate IAQ performance of a CO2-based demand-controlled ventilation system under different levels of building envelope air tightness and the design and analysis of a natural ventilation system. C1 [Dols, W. Stuart; Emmerich, Steven J.; Polidoro, Brian J.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dols, WS (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.dols@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0143-6244 EI 1477-0849 J9 BUILD SERV ENG RES T JI Build Serv. Eng. Res. Technol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 37 IS 2 SI SI BP 163 EP 175 DI 10.1177/0143624415619464 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA DH1BV UT WOS:000372520300005 PM 27099405 ER PT J AU Burger, JL Lovestead, TM Bruno, TJ AF Burger, Jessica L. Lovestead, Tara M. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Composition of the C-6+ Fraction of Natural Gas by Multiple Porous Layer Open Tubular Capillaries Maintained at Low Temperatures SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINA PLOT COLUMN; HEADSPACE ANALYSIS; CRYOADSORPTION; BASIN; WATER; FIELD; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORIGIN AB As the sources of natural gas become more diverse, the trace constituents of the C-6+ fraction are of increasing interest. Analysis of fuel gas (including natural gas) for compounds with more than six carbon atoms (the C-6+ fraction) has historically been complex and expensive. Hence, this is a procedure that is used most often in troubleshooting rather than for day-to-day operations. The C-6+ fraction affects gas quality issues and safety considerations, such as anomalies associated with odorization. Recent advances in dynamic headspace vapor collection can be applied to this analysis and provide a faster, less complex alternative for compositional determination of the C-6+ fraction of natural gas. Porous layer open tubular capillaries maintained at low temperatures (PLOT-cryo) form the basis of a dynamic headspace sampling method that was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) initially for explosives in 2009. This method has been recently advanced by the combining of multiple PLOT capillary traps into one "bundle" or wafer, resulting in a device that allows for the rapid trapping of relatively large amounts of analyte. In this study, natural gas analytes were collected by flowing natural gas from the laboratory (gas out of the wall) or a prepared surrogate gas flowing through a chilled wafer. The analytes were then removed from the PLOT-cryo wafer by thermal desorption and subsequent flushing of the wafer with helium. Gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS) was then used to identify the analytes. C1 [Burger, Jessica L.; Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) FX Jessica L. Burger acknowledges Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) support for research performed at NIST Boulder for this work. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR PY 2016 VL 30 IS 3 BP 2119 EP 2126 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00043 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DH1RO UT WOS:000372562800066 ER PT J AU Curtis, CD Yeary, M Lake, JL AF Curtis, Christopher D. Yeary, Mark Lake, John L. TI Adaptive Nullforming to Mitigate Ground Clutter on the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased Array Radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Array signal processing; meteorological radar; phased arrays; radar clutter AB With the decreasing cost of phased array antennas, their use for weather surveillance is becoming more practical. A significant advantage of phased arrays that can be applied to weather surveillance is spatial filtering. Using adaptive nullforming to spatially filter clutter is a novel approach to clutter mitigation, which is not possible with conventional parabolic reflector antennas. Moreover, spatial filtering is also applicable to phased-array-specific techniques such as beam multiplexing and adaptive scanning when only a few pulses are available for processing; this situation is particularly challenging for conventional ground clutter filters. The National Weather Radar Testbed Phased Array Radar (NWRT PAR) provides an opportunity to test some of these new capabilities. In this paper, a linearly constrained minimum power algorithm with an additional quadratic constraint is applied to weather data collected using the NWRT PAR and its multichannel receiver. Both the original algorithm and a recursive least squares version are utilized to show reflectivity and velocity data where both weather and ground clutter are present. Doppler spectra from selected range gates are examined to illustrate the performance of adaptive nullforming. Issues such as the number of samples needed to estimate the covariance matrix are explored. As far as we know, this is the first time that these types of techniques have been used to mitigate ground clutter contamination on a weather surveillance radar. C1 [Curtis, Christopher D.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Curtis, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yeary, Mark; Lake, John L.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yeary, Mark; Lake, John L.] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Curtis, CD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Curtis, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Yeary, M; Lake, JL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Yeary, M; Lake, JL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM Chris.Curtis@noaa.gov; yeary@ou.edu; john.lannie.lake@gmail.com FU NOAA NSSL; Tri-Agencies' (Departments of Commerce, Defense, and Transportation) Radar Operations Center; U.S. Navy's Office of Naval Research; Lockheed Martin Corporation; University of Oklahoma's Electrical and Computer Engineering Department; University of Oklahoma's School of Meteorology; Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education; Federal Aviation Administration's William J. Hughes Technical Center; Basic Commerce and Industries, Inc. FX The NWRT PAR is a collaborative government-university-industry venture supported by the following participants: NOAA NSSL; the Tri-Agencies' (Departments of Commerce, Defense, and Transportation) Radar Operations Center; the U.S. Navy's Office of Naval Research; Lockheed Martin Corporation; The University of Oklahoma's Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and School of Meteorology; the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education; the Federal Aviation Administration's William J. Hughes Technical Center; and Basic Commerce and Industries, Inc. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2016 VL 54 IS 3 BP 1282 EP 1291 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2477300 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DG8YL UT WOS:000372369400004 ER PT J AU Chen, M Weng, FZ AF Chen, Ming Weng, Fuzhong TI Modeling Land Surface Roughness Effect on Soil Microwave Emission in Community Surface Emissivity Model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Hyperbolic tangent (tanh)-based model; microwave remote sensing; rough surface scattering; roughness reflectivity; sigmoid function ID SATELLITE DATA ASSIMILATION; WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS; L-BAND; BARE FIELD; SCATTERING; MOISTURE; PARAMETERIZATION; EQUATIONS; EVOLUTION; GHZ AB Soil surface roughness is a crucial factor affecting the land surface microwave emissivity. Presented in this paper is a semiempirical model that analytically accounts for both roughness attenuation and cross-polarization-mixing effects in the frequency range of 1-100 GHz. The model is based on the finite linear superposition of hyperbolic tangent (tanh) functions over the normalized surface roughness and radiative parameter space, which proves to be very flexible and efficient in handling the distinct asymptotic features of roughness effects at the low-frequency end and high-frequency end and the nonlinear structure in between. The model performance was analyzed with the ground-based reflectivity measurements collected from different sources. In comparison with the existing semiempirical models in the literature, the new tanh-based roughness model demonstrated higher accuracy and consistent performance in the frequency range of 1.4-100 GHz and 0 degrees similar to 60 degrees incident angles. C1 [Chen, Ming; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Data & Informat Serv,Joint Ctr Satellite Data Ass, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Chen, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Data & Informat Serv,Joint Ctr Satellite Data Ass, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Ming.Chen@noaa.gov RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service FX This work was supported by the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2016 VL 54 IS 3 BP 1716 EP 1726 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2487885 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DG8YL UT WOS:000372369400037 ER PT J AU Zhu, BH Rasmussen, JC Litorja, M Sevick-Muraca, EM AF Zhu, Banghe Rasmussen, John C. Litorja, Maritoni Sevick-Muraca, Eva M. TI Determining the Performance of Fluorescence Molecular Imaging Devices Using Traceable Working Standards With SI Units of Radiance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE Molecular and cellular imaging; optical imaging; evaluation and performance; system design; validation ID INDOCYANINE GREEN; SURGERY; CONTRAST AB To date, no emerging preclinical or clinical near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging devices for noninvasive and/or surgical guidance have their performances validated on working standards with SI units of radiance that enable comparison or quantitative quality assurance. In this work, we developed and deployed a methodology to calibrate a stable, solid phantom for emission radiance with International System of Units (SI) units of for use in characterizing the measurement sensitivity of ICCD and IsCMOS detection, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast. In addition, at calibrated radiances, we assess transverse and lateral resolution of ICCD and IsCMOS camera systems. The methodology allowed demonstration of superior SNR of the ICCD over the IsCMOS technology and superior resolution of the IsCMOS over the ICCD approach. Contrast depended upon the camera settings (binning and integration time) and gain of intensifier. Finally, because the architecture of CMOS and CCD camera systems results in vastly different performance, we comment on the utility of these technologies for small animal imaging as well as clinical applications for noninvasive and surgical guidance. C1 [Zhu, Banghe; Rasmussen, John C.; Sevick-Muraca, Eva M.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Brown Fdn, Inst Mol Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Litorja, Maritoni] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sevick-Muraca, EM (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Brown Fdn, Inst Mol Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM banghe.zhu@uth.tmc.edu; john.rasmussen@uth.tmc.edu; maritoni.litorja@nist.gov; eva.sevick@uth.tmc.edu RI Sevick-Muraca, Eva/A-4152-2017 OI Sevick-Muraca, Eva/0000-0002-8152-4847 FU National Institutes of Health [U54 (CA136404)] FX This work has been supported in part by the National Institutes of Health U54 (CA136404). It should be noted that the identification of commercial equipment is for information purposes only. It does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0062 EI 1558-254X J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD MAR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 3 BP 802 EP 811 DI 10.1109/TMI.2015.2496898 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DG8YO UT WOS:000372369700008 ER PT J AU Hati, A Nelson, CW Howe, DA AF Hati, Archita Nelson, Craig W. Howe, David A. TI Oscillator PM Noise Reduction From Correlated AM Noise SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Amplitude modulation (AM) noise; correlation; oscillator; phase modulation (PM) noise; vibration sensitivity ID PHASE NOISE; CRYSTAL-OSCILLATORS; TRANSISTOR; ACCELERATION; AMPLIFIERS; FEEDBACK; RF AB We demonstrate a novel technique for reducing the phase modulation (PM) noise of an oscillator in a steady-state condition as well as under vibration. It utilizes correlation between PM noise and amplitude modulation (AM) noise that can originate from the oscillator's loop components. A control voltage proportional to the correlated AM noise is generated and utilized in a feedforward architecture to correct for the steady state as well as the vibration-induced PM noise. An improvement of almost 10-15 dB in PM noise is observed over one decade of offset frequencies for a 635-MHz quartz-MEMS oscillator. This corresponds to more than a factor of five reductions in vibration sensitivity. C1 [Hati, Archita; Nelson, Craig W.; Howe, David A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hati, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM archita.hati@nist.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD MAR PY 2016 VL 63 IS 3 BP 463 EP 469 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2521614 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA DH3AS UT WOS:000372660000010 PM 26829788 ER PT J AU Peng, G Shi, L Stegall, ST Matthews, JL Fairall, CW AF Peng, Ge Shi, Lei Stegall, Steve T. Matthews, Jessica L. Fairall, Christopher W. TI An Evaluation of HIRS Near-Surface Air Temperature Product in the Arctic with SHEBA Data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ship observations; Arctic; Observational techniques and algorithms; Geographic location/entity; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Sea/ocean surface; Surface temperature; Satellite observations ID OCEAN; CLIMATE; BUDGET; BIASES AB The accuracy of cloud-screened 2-m air temperatures derived from the intersatellite-calibrated brightness temperatures based on the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) measurements on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) series is evaluated by comparing HIRS air temperatures to 1-yr quality-controlled measurements collected during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) project (October 1997-September 1998). The mean error between collocated HIRS and SHEBA 2-m air temperature is found to be on the order of 1 degrees C, with a slight sensitivity to spatial and temporal radii for collocation. The HIRS temperatures capture well the temporal variability of SHEBA temperatures, with cross-correlation coefficients higher than 0.93, all significant at the 99.9% confidence level. More than 87% of SHEBA temperature variance can be explained by linear regression of collocated HIRS temperatures. The analysis found a strong dependency of mean temperature errors on cloud conditions observed during SHEBA, indicating that availability of an accurate cloud mask in the region is essential to further improve the quality of HIRS near-surface air temperature products. This evaluation establishes a baseline of accuracy of HIRS temperature retrievals, providing users with information on uncertainty sources and estimates. It is a first step toward development of a new long-term 2-m air temperature product in the Arctic that utilizes intersatellite-calibrated remote sensing data from the HIRS instrument. C1 [Peng, Ge; Stegall, Steve T.; Matthews, Jessica L.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites North Carolina, Asheville, NC USA. [Peng, Ge; Shi, Lei; Stegall, Steve T.; Matthews, Jessica L.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Peng, G (reprint author), CICS NC NCEI, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM ge.peng@noaa.gov OI Matthews, Jessica L./0000-0002-6968-3474; Peng, Ge /0000-0002-1986-9115 FU NOAA's Climate Data Record program; NOAA [NA14NES432003] FX This work is supported by NOAA's Climate Data Record program. G. Peng, S. Stegall, and J. Matthews are supported by NOAA under Cooperative Agreement NA14NES432003. We thank Ola Persson for information on the SHEBA composite data observations. Discussions with Ken Knapp, Robert Evans, Boyin Huang, and Huai-min Zhang are beneficial. Suggestions from Jay Lawrimore, Tom Maycock, and the JTECH reviewers have improved the clarity of the manuscript. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 33 IS 3 BP 453 EP 460 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0217.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH4XF UT WOS:000372788200001 ER PT J AU Williams, CR AF Williams, Christopher R. TI Reflectivity and Liquid Water Content Vertical Decomposition Diagrams to Diagnose Vertical Evolution of Raindrop Size Distributions SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Evaporation; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Observational techniques and algorithms; Drop size distribution; Precipitation; Profilers, atmospheric; Radars/Radar observations; Wind profilers; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena ID DOPPLER RADAR; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; VIDEO DISDROMETER; WIND PROFILER; PRECIPITATION; SPECTRA; AIR; PARAMETERS; CLOUD; MICROPHYSICS AB This study consists of two parts. The first part describes the way in which vertical air motions and raindrop size distributions (DSDs) were retrieved from 449-MHz and 2.835-GHz (UHF and S band) vertically pointing radars (VPRs) deployed side by side during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) held in northern Oklahoma. The 449-MHz VPR can measure both vertical air motion and raindrop motion. The S-band VPR can measure only raindrop motion. These differences in VPR sensitivities facilitates the identification of two peaks in 449-MHz VPR reflectivity-weighted Doppler velocity spectra and the retrieval of vertical air motion and DSD parameters from near the surface to just below the melting layer. The second part of this study used the retrieved DSD parameters to decompose reflectivity and liquid water content (LWC) into two terms, one representing number concentration and the other representing DSD shape. Reflectivity and LWC vertical decomposition diagrams (Z-VDDs and LWC-VDDs, respectively) are introduced to highlight interactions between raindrop number and DSD shape in the vertical column. Analysis of Z-VDDs provides indirect measure of microphysical processes through radar reflectivity. Analysis of LWC-VDDs provides direct investigation of microphysical processes in the vertical column, including net raindrop evaporation or accretion and net raindrop breakup or coalescence. During a stratiform rain event (20 May 2011), LWC-VDDs exhibited signatures of net evaporation and net raindrop coalescence as the raindrops fell a distance of 2 km under a well-defined radar bright band. The LWC-VDD is a tool to characterize rain microphysics with quantities related to number-controlled and size-controlled processes. C1 [Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Christopher R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Williams, CR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM christopher.williams@colorado.edu RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 FU NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM); NASA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission [NNX13AF86G]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program [DE-SC0014294]; Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility FX Support for this work was provided by Ramesh Kakar under the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) and NASA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Grant NNX13AF86G and from the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program under Grant DE-SC0014294 and as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 33 IS 3 BP 579 EP 595 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0208.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH4XL UT WOS:000372788800002 ER PT J AU Domingo, A Coelho, R Cortes, E Garcia-Cortes, B Mas, F Mejuto, J Miller, P Ramos-Cartelle, A Santos, MN Yokawa, K AF Domingo, A. Coelho, R. Cortes, E. Garcia-Cortes, B. Mas, F. Mejuto, J. Miller, P. Ramos-Cartelle, A. Santos, M. N. Yokawa, K. TI Is the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier a coastal species? Expanding its distribution range in the Atlantic Ocean using at-sea observer data SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE by-catch; distribution; high seas; longline fisheries; onboard monitoring ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; ELASMOBRANCHS CAUGHT; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; CONTROL PROGRAMS; MOVEMENTS; PREDATOR; AUSTRALIA; FISHERIES; PATTERNS; AFRICA AB The occurrence of tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier in the Atlantic Ocean was assessed using at-sea observer data from multiple pelagic longline fisheries. Geographic positions of 2764 G. cuvier recorded between 1992 and 2013 and covering a wide area of the Atlantic Ocean were compared with the currently accepted distribution ranges of the species. Most records fell outside those ranges in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, which strongly suggests that the distribution range of G. cuvier in the open ocean is considerably larger than previously described C1 [Domingo, A.; Mas, F.; Miller, P.] Direcc Nacl Recursos Acuat DINARA, Lab Recursos Pelag LaRPe, Constituyente, Montevideo 1497, Uruguay. [Coelho, R.; Santos, M. N.] Portuguese Inst Ocean & Atmosphere IPMA, IP, Ave 5 Outubro S-N, P-8700305 Olhao, Portugal. [Cortes, E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Garcia-Cortes, B.; Mejuto, J.; Ramos-Cartelle, A.] Inst Espanol Oceanog, POB 130, La Coruna 15080, Spain. [Mas, F.; Miller, P.] Ctr Invest & Conservac Marina CICMA, Av Giannattasio Km 30, El Pinar, Uruguay. [Yokawa, K.] Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu Ku, 5-7-1 Orido, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. RP Domingo, A (reprint author), Direcc Nacl Recursos Acuat DINARA, Lab Recursos Pelag LaRPe, Constituyente, Montevideo 1497, Uruguay. EM adomingo@dinara.gub.uy FU EU; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [SFRH/BPD/93936/2013]; Society for Conservation GIS; ESRI Conservation Programme FX This work was carried out as part of a cooperative study conducted by the ICCAT Shark Species group. The authors are grateful to all the fishery observers and longline skippers from the several nations involved in providing data for this study. Special thanks to S. Fowler and M. Dando for providing a digital version of their map. Data collection from the Portuguese fishery was funded within the scope of the EU Data Collection Framework and as part of the research projects SELECT-PAL and LL-SHARKs. R.C. was supported by a grant from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Ref. SFRH/BPD/93936/2013). P.M. thanks the Society for Conservation GIS and the ESRI Conservation Programme for their support. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 88 IS 3 BP 1223 EP 1228 DI 10.1111/jfb.12887 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DG8CT UT WOS:000372310700014 PM 26817438 ER PT J AU Feng, P Miao, CW Bullard, JW AF Feng, Pan Miao, Changwen Bullard, Jeffrey W. TI Factors Influencing the Stability of AFm and AFt in the Ca-Al-S-O-H System at 25 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATE; PORTLAND-CEMENT; SULFATE ATTACK; SOLID-SOLUTION; ENERGY MINIMIZATION; EQUILIBRIA; LIMESTONE; CAO-AL2O3-CASO4-H2O; TEMPERATURE; ETTRINGITE AB The stabilities of Al2O3-Fe2O3-mono (AFm) and -tri (AFt) phases in the Ca-Al-S-O-H system at 25 degrees C are examined using Gibbs energy minimization as implemented by GEM-Selektor software coupled with the Nagra/PSI thermodynamic database. Equilibrium phase diagrams are constructed and compared to those reported in previous studies. The sensitivity of the calculations to the assumed solid solubility products, highlighted by the example of hydrogarnet, is likely the reason that some studies, including this one, predict a stable SO4-rich AFm phase while others do not. The majority of the effort is given for calculating the influences on AFm and AFt stability of alkali and carbonate components, both of which are typically present in cementitious binders. Higher alkali content shifts the equilibria of both AFt and AFm to lower Ca but higher Al and S concentrations in solution. More importantly, higher alkali content significantly expands the range of solution compositions in equilibrium with AFm. The introduction of carbonates alters not only the stable AFm solid solution compositions, as expected, but also influences the range of solution pH over which SO4-rich and OH-rich AFm phases are dominant. Some experimental tests are suggested that could provide validation of these calculations, which are all the more important because of the implications for resistance of portland cement binders to external sulfate attack. C1 [Feng, Pan; Miao, Changwen] SE Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Jiangsu Key Lab Construct Mat, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Feng, Pan; Bullard, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miao, Changwen] Jiangsu Res Inst Bldg Sci Co Ltd, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Feng, P (reprint author), SE Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Jiangsu Key Lab Construct Mat, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Feng, P (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM panda0325@163.com FU Chinese Scholarship Council; NIST Engineering Laboratory FX All research reported in this article was performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Pan Feng gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Chinese Scholarship Council and from the NIST Engineering Laboratory. Ken Snyder and an anonymous reviewer are both warmly thanked for providing valuable reviews that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 99 IS 3 BP 1031 EP 1041 DI 10.1111/jace.13971 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA DG6JB UT WOS:000372189300042 PM 27335503 ER PT J AU Williams, R Moore, JE Gomez-Salazar, C Trujillo, F Burt, L AF Williams, Rob Moore, Jeffrey E. Gomez-Salazar, Catalina Trujillo, Fernando Burt, Louise TI Searching for trends in river dolphin abundance: Designing surveys for looming threats, and evidence for opposing trends of two species in the Colombian Amazon SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Cryptic; Habitat loss; River dolphin; Inia; Sotalia; Amazon; Bayesian methods; Monitoring ID TUCUXI SOTALIA-FLUVIATILIS; YANGTZE FINLESS PORPOISE; BOTOS INIA-GEOFFRENSIS; FRESH-WATER CETACEAN; MARINE MAMMALS; CONSERVATION CHALLENGES; POPULATION DECLINE; HABITAT; BIODIVERSITY; PHOTOIDENTIFICATION AB Rivers worldwide, particularly in tropical regions, support multiple human uses that can threaten water security and cause species decline. Some tropical rivers are home to obligate freshwater cetaceans (river dolphins) that are vulnerable to exploitation and to upstream and downstream habitat degradation due to limited dispersal opportunities. Assessing vulnerability is complicated by difficulty in reliably estimating abundance, due to the animals' cryptic nature and complex, dynamic habitat. We compared density estimates from surveys conducted in 1993, 2002 and 2007. Surveys were not part of a coordinated monitoring plan and thus were conducted using slightly different methods in different months, which complicated statistical inference. We used information from the most recent survey to account for bias and uncertainty in earlier estimates and used bootstrap and Bayesian approaches to estimate trends, conditional on a plausible range of process variance associated with seasonal movements. For Inia, probability of decline was >0.75, even under the highest seasonal movement levels considered. For Sotalia, there was a >0.75 probability of population increase. There are 151 proposals pending in the Amazon for large (>2 MW) hydroelectric developments that would fragment habitat, and reports suggest that Inia is experiencing illegal killing for fish bait. In this context, our population trend estimates are cause for concern, but improved monitoring is needed to more reliably assess population status. Based on lessons learned from our analysis, future surveys will be standardized in terms of timing (conducted during the transitional water season) and methodology (using our most recent field protocols) to minimize confounding factors and provide more robust inference about population trends. We provide recommendations for ways to distinguish seasonal movements from annual population trends to guide Amazon river dolphin conservation. Until then, two interpretations exist: either Inia is declining, or existing information cannot detect declines unambiguously without additional surveys. Neither explanation bodes well, given the myriad anthropogenic stressors Amazon river dolphins face. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Williams, Rob] Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Williams, Rob] Oceans Initiat, Box 193, Alert Bay, BC V0N 1A0, Canada. [Moore, Jeffrey E.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Gomez-Salazar, Catalina; Trujillo, Fernando] Fdn Omacha, Calle 86A 23-38, Bogota, Colombia. [Burt, Louise] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. RP Williams, R (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. EM rmcw@st-andrews.ac.uk FU Sculpt the Future Foundation; European Community [253407] FX We thank Sharon Hedley and Fernanda Marques for help with the 2002 survey design and data collection, and V. Mars for financial assistance. The 2002 data analyses were supported by a grant from the Sculpt the Future Foundation to RW during the University of St Andrews' 600th anniversary celebrations. RW was supported by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (proposal no. 253407 (call reference: FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF). We thank Alana Phillips for assistance with editing the final manuscript and appendices, and members of the International Whaling Commission Scientific Committee's subcommittee on Small Cetaceans, for helpful discussions in 2012 in Panama. We thank Falk Huettinann and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 195 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.12.037 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DG3AQ UT WOS:000371942300017 ER PT J AU Bellur, K Medici, EF Kulshreshtha, M Konduru, V Tyrewala, D Tamilarasan, A McQuillen, J Leao, JB Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Scherschligt, J Hermanson, JC Choi, CK Allen, JS AF Bellur, K. Medici, E. F. Kulshreshtha, M. Konduru, V. Tyrewala, D. Tamilarasan, A. McQuillen, J. Leao, J. B. Hussey, D. S. Jacobson, D. L. Scherschligt, J. Hermanson, J. C. Choi, C. K. Allen, J. S. TI A new experiment for investigating evaporation and condensation of cryogenic propellants SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Space Cryogenics Workshop CY JUN 24-26, 2015 CL NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Phoenix, AZ SP Cryogen Soc Amer HO NASA Glenn Res Ctr DE Evaporation; Condensation; Liquid hydrogen; Neutron imaging; Contact angle ID THIN-FILM; MASS-TRANSPORT; CAPILLARY-TUBE; HEAT-TRANSFER; MENISCUS; MODEL; PRESSURE; REGION; TANKS; FLOW AB Passive and active technologies have been used to control propellant boil-off, but the current state of understanding of cryogenic evaporation and condensation in microgravity is insufficient for designing large cryogenic depots critical to the long-term space exploration missions. One of the key factors limiting the ability to design such systems is the uncertainty in the accommodation coefficients (evaporation and condensation), which are inputs for kinetic modeling of phase change. A novel, combined experimental and computational approach is being used to determine the accommodation coefficients for liquid hydrogen and liquid methane. The experimental effort utilizes the Neutron Imaging Facility located at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland to image evaporation and condensation of hydrogenated propellants inside of metallic containers. The computational effort includes numerical solution of a model for phase change in the contact line and thin film regions as well as an CFD effort for determining the appropriate thermal boundary conditions for the numerical solution of the evaporating and condensing liquid. Using all three methods, there is the possibility of extracting the accommodation coefficients from the experimental observations. The experiments are the first known observation of a liquid hydrogen menisci condensing and evaporating inside aluminum and stainless steel cylinders. The experimental technique, complimentary computational thermal model and meniscus shape determination are reported. The computational thermal model has been shown to accurately track the transient thermal response of the test cells. The meniscus shape determination suggests the presence of a finite contact angle, albeit very small, between liquid hydrogen and aluminum oxide. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bellur, K.; Medici, E. F.; Kulshreshtha, M.; Konduru, V.; Tyrewala, D.; Choi, C. K.; Allen, J. S.] Michigan Technol Univ, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Tamilarasan, A.; Hermanson, J. C.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McQuillen, J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH USA. [Leao, J. B.; Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.; Scherschligt, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Allen, JS (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM jstallen@mtu.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 EI 1879-2235 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD MAR PY 2016 VL 74 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.10.016 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA DG3BB UT WOS:000371943400018 PM 28154426 ER PT J AU Mercaldo-Allen, R Goldberg, R Clark, P Kuropat, C Meseck, SL Rose, JM AF Mercaldo-Allen, Renee Goldberg, Ronald Clark, Paul Kuropat, Catherine Meseck, Shannon L. Rose, Julie M. TI Benthic Ecology of Northern Quahog Beds with Different Hydraulic Dredging Histories in Long Island Sound SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bivalves; shellfish beds; aquaculture; seabed harvesting; total organic matter ID MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY; COMMUNITIES; MARINE; DISTURBANCE; RECOLONIZATION; SCALE AB This paper evaluates benthic community composition of four shellfish beds in Long Island Sound near Milford, Connecticut, where northern quahog or hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus 1758), were harvested by hydraulic dredge. These leased beds reflect a variety of dredging histories; 0 year (dredged just before sampling began), 1 year postharvest, 2 years postharvest, and an inactive clam bed left fallow for at least 10 years. Benthic sediment was sampled at 1-to 2-week intervals from June to October 2011 using a Smith-McIntyre grab. Benthic community composition was significantly influenced by dredging history and sampling month. Abundance of benthic organisms (number of individuals and biovolume) and total organic matter concentrations were significantly greater at the 0-year site than at the 1-, 2-, and 10+-year sites, and significantly greater at the 1-and 2-year sites than at the 10+-site. Newly settled bivalves, primarily Nucula spp. and Yoldia limulata, were significantly more prevalent on the recently harvested 0-, 1-, and 2-year sites vs. the 10+-year site and highest at the 0-year site. A significantly greater number of species was observed on the 1-and 2-year sites vs. the 0-and 10+-year locations. Species richness at the 0-year site was significantly lower than at the 1-, 2-, and 10+-year sites, whereas diversity and evenness at the 0-year site was significantly lower than at the 10+-year site. This study observed successional changes in community structure of inshore clam beds related to the length of time elapsed after harvest dredging. C1 [Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Goldberg, Ronald; Clark, Paul; Kuropat, Catherine; Meseck, Shannon L.; Rose, Julie M.] NOAA Fisheries, Milford Lab, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Mercaldo-Allen, R (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Milford Lab, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM renee.mercaldo-allen@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 408 EP 415 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-15-00055.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DG4JK UT WOS:000372038300017 ER PT J AU Hoque, YM Tripathi, S Hantush, MM Govindaraju, RS AF Hoque, Yamen M. Tripathi, Shivam Hantush, Mohamed M. Govindaraju, Rao S. TI Aggregate Measures of Watershed Health from Reconstructed Water Quality Data with Uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; RIVER-BASIN; SWAT MODEL; RESILIENCE; RELIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; REDUNDANCY; DIVERSITY AB Risk-based measures such as reliability, resilience, and vulnerability (R-R-V) have the potential to serve as watershed health assessment tools. Recent research has demonstrated the applicability of such indices for water quality (WQ) constituents such as total suspended solids and nutrients on an individual basis. However, the calculations can become tedious when time-series data for several WQ constituents have to be evaluated individually. Also, comparisons between locations with different sets of constituent data can prove difficult. In this study, data reconstruction using a relevance vector machine algorithm was combined with dimensionality reduction via variational Bayesian noisy principal component analysis to reconstruct and condense sparse multidimensional WQ data sets into a single time series. The methodology allows incorporation of uncertainty in both the reconstruction and dimensionality-reduction steps. The R-R-V values were calculated using the aggregate time series at multiple locations within two Indiana watersheds. Results showed that uncertainty present in the reconstructed WQ data set propagates to the aggregate time series and subsequently to the aggregate R-R-V values as well. This data-driven approach to calculating aggregate R-R-V values was found to be useful for providing a composite picture of watershed health. Aggregate R-R-V values also enabled comparison between locations with different types of WQ data. C1 [Hoque, Yamen M.; Govindaraju, Rao S.] Purdue Univ, Lyles Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Tripathi, Shivam] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Hantush, Mohamed M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hoque, Yamen M.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Middle Atlantic River Forecast Ctr, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. RP Hoque, YM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Lyles Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Hoque, YM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Middle Atlantic River Forecast Ctr, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. EM yamen.hoque@noaa.gov FU USEPA through its Office of Research and Development [EP-C-11-006] FX The USEPA through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under USEPA Contract no. EP-C-11-006. It has not been subjected to agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 45 IS 2 BP 709 EP 719 DI 10.2134/jeq2015.10.0508 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DG1AR UT WOS:000371797900035 PM 27065419 ER PT J AU Ferrucci, M Doiron, TD Thompson, RM Jones, JP Freeman, AJ Neiman, JA AF Ferrucci, Massimiliano Doiron, Theodore D. Thompson, Robert M. Jones, John P., II Freeman, Adam J. Neiman, Janice A. TI Dimensional Review of Scales for Forensic Photography SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; photography; scales; quality; odontology; bitemark AB Scales for photography provide a geometrical reference in the photographic documentation of a crime scene, pattern, or item of evidence. The ABFO No. 2 Standard Reference Scale (1) is used by the forensic science community as an accurate reference scale. We investigated the overall accuracy of the major centimeter graduations, internal/ external diameters of the circles, error in placement of the circle centers, and leg perpendicularity. Four vendors were selected for the scales, and the features were measured on a vision-based coordinate measurement system. The scales were well within the specified tolerance for the length graduations. After 4 years, the same scales were measured to determine what change could be measured. The scales demonstrated acceptable stability in the scale length and center-to-center measurements; however, the perpendicularity exhibited change. The study results indicate that scale quality checks using certified metal rulers are good practice. C1 [Ferrucci, Massimiliano; Doiron, Theodore D.] NIST, Dimens Metrol Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thompson, Robert M.; Jones, John P., II] NIST, Special Programs Off, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Freeman, Adam J.] Westport Dent Associates, 22 Imperial Ave, Westport, CT USA. [Neiman, Janice A.] Massachusetts Off Commissioner Probat, Massachusetts Trial Court,1 Ashburton Pl,405, Boston, MA USA. RP Thompson, RM (reprint author), NIST, Special Programs Off, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.m.thompson@nist.gov OI Ferrucci, Massimiliano/0000-0002-8811-8681 FU NIJ; NIST by NCJRS [2010-DN-R-7121] FX NIJ co-sponsored the work with NIST through funding provided by NCJRS Award Number: 2010-DN-R-7121. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 61 IS 2 BP 509 EP 519 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.12976 PG 11 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA DG4TX UT WOS:000372066800031 PM 27404626 ER PT J AU Etienne, E Devineni, N Khanbilvardi, R Lall, U AF Etienne, Elius Devineni, Naresh Khanbilvardi, Reza Lall, Upmanu TI Development of a Demand Sensitive Drought Index and its application for agriculture over the conterminous United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drought index; Drought attributes; Demand induced stress; Resiliency; Climate variability; Agriculture ID STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX; WATER RISK; CLIMATE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PHYSICS AB A new drought index is introduced that explicitly considers both water supply and demand. It can be applied to aggregate demand over a geographical region, or for disaggregated demand related to a specific crop or use. Consequently, it is more directly related than existing indices, to potential drought impacts on different segments of society, and is also suitable to use as an index for drought insurance programs targeted at farmers growing specific crops. An application of the index is presented for the drought characterization at the county level for the aggregate demand of eight major field crops in the conterminous United States. Two resiliency metrics are developed and applied with the drought index time series. In addition, a clustering algorithm is applied to the onset times and severity of the worst historical droughts in each county, to identify the spatial structure of drought, relative to the cropping patterns in each county. The geographic relationship of drought severity, drought recovery relative to duration, and resilience to drought is identified, and related to attributes of precipitation and also cropping intensity, thus distinguishing the relative importance of water supply and demand in determining potential drought outcomes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Etienne, Elius; Devineni, Naresh; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Lall, Upmanu] Columbia Univ, Columbia Water Ctr, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, 500 Mudd,W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Etienne, E; Devineni, N (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM eetienn02@citymail.cuny.edu; ndevineni@ccny.cuny.edu; khanbilvardi@ccny.cuny.edu; ula2@columbia.edu OI Lall, Upmanu/0000-0003-0529-8128 FU NOAA-CREST [NA11SEC4810004]; NSF [1360446]; PSC-CUNY award [67832-00 45]; CUNY-CIRG award [80209-13 21] FX This research was supported by:; (a) NOAA-CREST - Cooperative agreement NA11SEC4810004.; (b) NSF Grant 1360446 (Water Sustainability and Climate, Category 3).; (c) PSC-CUNY award 67832-00 45.; (d) CUNY-CIRG award 80209-13 21. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 534 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.060 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DG3AC UT WOS:000371940900019 ER PT J AU Filliben, J Inn, KGW Waldren, S AF Filliben, James Inn, Kenneth G. W. Waldren, Simon TI Are they the same? Retrofitting 1 g sample data to certified 10 g sample characterization SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry (MARC) CY APR 12-17, 2015 CL Kailua Kona, HI DE Sample size; t Test; F Test; Standard reference material; Ocean sediment; Plutonium AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 4357 (ocean sediment) was certified for anthropogenic radionuclides at a parts per thousand yen10 g sample size. However, the Aldermaston Weapons Establishment used a 1 g sample size that resulted in a highly skewed Pu-239 + Pu-240 alpha spectrometry measurement distribution that was outside the certified tolerance range for 10 g samples. This study evaluates the equivalence of 1 g sample results and those from 10 g samples used for certification. By re-batching the AWE 1 g results into simulated 10 g results, it was found that the AWE results were consistent with the certified plutonium activity for SRM 4357. C1 [Filliben, James] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Inn, Kenneth G. W.] K&E Innovat, 91-1329 Kuanoo St, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. [Waldren, Simon] Aldermaston Weap Estab, Ret NIST, Aldermaston, Berks, England. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), K&E Innovat, 91-1329 Kuanoo St, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. EM keinn@verizon.net NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 307 IS 3 BP 2289 EP 2293 DI 10.1007/s10967-015-4609-0 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DG1ER UT WOS:000371808900113 ER PT J AU Inn, KGW Hutchinson, JMR Kelly, WR Greenberg, R Norris, A Krey, P Feiner, MS Fisenne, E Popplewell, DS Gladney, E Beasley, T Huh, CA Percival, DR AF Inn, Kenneth G. W. Hutchinson, J. M. Robin Kelly, William R. Greenberg, Robert Norris, A. Krey, Phillip Feiner, Melvin S. Fisenne, E. Popplewell, Donald S. Gladney, Ernest Beasley, Thomas Huh, C. A. Percival, Donald R. TI Analysis of U and Th in soils and sediments B-Why do we sometimes get the WRONG RESULT? SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry (MARC) CY APR 12-17, 2015 CL Kailua Kona, HI DE Uranium; Discrepancy; Standard reference material; Acid-resistant minerals; Certified value ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; BONE ASH STANDARD; ACTINIDES; URANIUM AB In 1978, the National Bureau of Standards began a program to develop environmental-level natural matrix radionuclide Standard Reference Materials for the evaluation of analytical methods. A customer reported a -15 % difference between their value and the certified uranium massic concentration in SRM 4353 (Rocky Flats Soil B I). This report prompted an investigation using several independent methods to confirm the certified uranium value. Investigation indicated the discrepancy to be due to a highly insoluble minor mineral fraction that contained high concentrations of uranium. The suspect mineral, zircon, is widespread in soils and sediments and represents an analytical complication. C1 [Inn, Kenneth G. W.] K&E Inn Ovat, 91-1329 Kuanoo St, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. [Hutchinson, J. M. Robin; Kelly, William R.; Greenberg, Robert; Norris, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krey, Phillip; Feiner, Melvin S.; Fisenne, E.] US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. [Popplewell, Donald S.] Natl Radiol Protect Board, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. [Gladney, Ernest] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Beasley, Thomas; Huh, C. A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallas, OR USA. [Percival, Donald R.] Radiol & Environm Sci Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), K&E Inn Ovat, 91-1329 Kuanoo St, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. EM kgenwahinn@gmail.com NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 307 IS 3 BP 2513 EP 2520 DI 10.1007/s10967-015-4566-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DG1ER UT WOS:000371808900146 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, R Inn, KGW Horgan, C AF Fitzgerald, Ryan Inn, Kenneth G. W. Horgan, Christopher TI How old is it?-Pu-241/Am-241 nuclear forensic chronology reference materials SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry (MARC) CY APR 12-17, 2015 CL Kailua Kona, HI DE Nuclear forensics; Radiochronometer; Pu-241; Am-241; Standard reference material 4340; Alpha-gamma anticoincidence counting AB One material attribute for nuclear forensics is material age. Pu-241 is almost always present in uranium- and plutonium-based nuclear weapons, which pose the greatest threat to our security. The in-growth of Am-241 due to the decay of Pu-241 provides an excellent chronometer of the material. A well-characterized Pu-241/Am-241 standard is needed to validate measurement capability, as a basis for between-laboratory comparability, and as material for verifying laboratory performance. This effort verifies the certification of a 38 year old Pu-241 Standard Reference Material (SRM4340) through alpha-gamma anticoincidence counting, and also establishes the separation date to 2 weeks of the documented date. C1 [Fitzgerald, Ryan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Inn, Kenneth G. W.] K&E Inn Ovat, Ewa Beach, HI USA. [Horgan, Christopher] Worcester Polytech Inst, Worcester, MA USA. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), K&E Inn Ovat, Ewa Beach, HI USA. EM keinn@verizon.net RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 307 IS 3 BP 2521 EP 2528 DI 10.1007/s10967-015-4565-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DG1ER UT WOS:000371808900147 ER PT J AU Inn, KGW LaMont, S Jerome, S Essex, R Johnson, CM Morrison, J Frechou, C Branger, T Dion, H AF Inn, Kenneth G. W. LaMont, Stephen Jerome, Simon Essex, Richard Johnson, Charles M., Jr. Morrison, Jeffrey Frechou, Carole Branger, Thierry Dion, Heather TI Roadmap for radioanalytical reference and performance evaluation materials for current and emerging issues SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry (MARC) CY APR 12-17, 2015 CL Kailua Kona, HI DE Certified reference materials; Performance evaluation materials; Natural-matrix; Radionuclide; Blueprint; Roadmap AB Reference materials are fundamental tools for radiochemistry measurements laboratories to establish and evaluate analytical methods, test measurement capabilities, quantify radionuclides, compare analytical results, and establish legal confidence defensibility in measurement results. Over the past decades the focus of low-level environmental reference material producers have adapted to evolving national and international priorities and needs. This document provides a Roadmap of high priority current and future low-level radionuclide Certified Reference and Performance Evaluation Materials that subject-matter experts have identified at NIST and other public workshops (Blueprints) as crucial to metrologists and program directors to address national and international issues. C1 [Inn, Kenneth G. W.] K&E Innovat, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. [LaMont, Stephen; Dion, Heather] Dept Energy, Washington, DC USA. [LaMont, Stephen; Dion, Heather] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Jerome, Simon] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington, Middx, England. [Essex, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johnson, Charles M., Jr.] Dept Def, Huntsville, AL USA. [Morrison, Jeffrey] Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC USA. [Frechou, Carole; Branger, Thierry] Lab Natl Henri Becquerel, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), K&E Innovat, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. EM keinn@verizon.net NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 307 IS 3 BP 2529 EP 2538 DI 10.1007/s10967-016-4694-8 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DG1ER UT WOS:000371808900148 ER PT J AU Schock, TB Strickland, S Steele, EJ Bearden, DW AF Schock, Tracey B. Strickland, Sheri Steele, Edna J. Bearden, Daniel W. TI Effects of heat-treatment on the stability and composition of metabolomic extracts from the earthworm Eisenia fetida SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE Earthworm; Eisenia fetida; Heat stabilization; NMR; Metabolomics; Stability; Tissue extraction ID NMR-BASED METABOLOMICS; SUBLETHAL EXPOSURE; RESPONSES; SOIL; PHENANTHRENE; ENDOSULFAN; H-1-NMR AB Environmental metabolomics studies employing earthworms as sentinels for soil contamination are numerous, but the instability of the metabolite extracts from these organisms has been minimally addressed. This study evaluated the efficacy of adding a heat-treatment step in two commonly used extraction protocols (Bligh and Dyer and D2O phosphate buffer) as a pre-analytical stabilization method. The resulting metabolic profiles of Eisenia fetida were assessed using principal component analysis and NMR spectral evaluations. The heated Bligh and Dyer extractions produced stabilized profiles with minimal variation of the extracted metabolomic profiles over time, providing a more suitable method for metabolomic analysis of earthworm extracts. C1 [Schock, Tracey B.; Bearden, Daniel W.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Strickland, Sheri; Steele, Edna J.] Converse Coll, Dept Biol Chem & Phys, Spartanburg, SC 29302 USA. RP Schock, TB (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM tracey.schock@nist.gov FU South Carolina Independent Colleges and Universities (SCICU) Student/Faculty Research Program FX We are grateful to Dr. Rick Krueger (Univsersity of South Carolina (USC) Upstate University) for his invaluable training and assistance with lyophilization and to Converse College students Margaret (Maurie) Prince and Kiranpreet Kaur for their assistance with animal husbandry. Funding for this project was provided by the South Carolina Independent Colleges and Universities (SCICU) Student/Faculty Research Program. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 EI 1573-3890 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD MAR PY 2016 VL 12 IS 3 AR 47 DI 10.1007/s11306-016-0967-z PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DG5XY UT WOS:000372156000008 ER PT J AU Bromley, SL Zhu, B Bishof, M Zhang, X Bothwell, T Schachenmayer, J Nicholson, TL Kaiser, R Yelin, SF Lukin, MD Rey, AM Ye, J AF Bromley, S. L. Zhu, B. Bishof, M. Zhang, X. Bothwell, T. Schachenmayer, J. Nicholson, T. L. Kaiser, R. Yelin, S. F. Lukin, M. D. Rey, A. M. Ye, J. TI Collective atomic scattering and motional effects in a dense coherent medium SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID COLD ATOMS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE; COOPERATIVE SCATTERING; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; INTERACTING ATOMS; CLASSICAL WAVES; LIGHT INTENSITY; RYDBERG ATOMS; SUPERRADIANCE AB We investigate collective emission from coherently driven ultracold Sr-88 atoms. We perform two sets of experiments using a strong and weak transition that are insensitive and sensitive, respectively, to atomic motion at 1 mu K. We observe highly directional forward emission with a peak intensity that is enhanced, for the strong transition, by >10(3) compared with that in the transverse direction. This is accompanied by substantial broadening of spectral lines. For the weak transition, the forward enhancement is substantially reduced due to motion. Meanwhile, a density-dependent frequency shift of the weak transition (similar to 10% of the natural linewidth) is observed. In contrast, this shift is suppressed to <1% of the natural linewidth for the strong transition. Along the transverse direction, we observe strong polarization dependences of the fluorescence intensity and line broadening for both transitions. The measurements are reproduced with a theoretical model treating the atoms as coherent, interacting radiating dipoles. C1 [Bromley, S. L.; Zhu, B.; Bishof, M.; Zhang, X.; Bothwell, T.; Schachenmayer, J.; Nicholson, T. L.; Rey, A. M.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bromley, S. L.; Zhu, B.; Bishof, M.; Zhang, X.; Bothwell, T.; Schachenmayer, J.; Nicholson, T. L.; Rey, A. M.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kaiser, R.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inst Nonlineaire Nice, UMR 7335, F-06560 Valbonne, France. [Yelin, S. F.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Yelin, S. F.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bishof, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, X.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Int Ctr Quantum Mat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Nicholson, T. L.] MIT, Ctr Ultracold Atoms, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Rey, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Rey, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM arey@jilau1.colorado.edu; Ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; kaiser, robin/J-3641-2014; OI kaiser, robin/0000-0001-5194-3680; Nicholson, Travis/0000-0002-0503-7991 FU NIST; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA; AFOSR; AFOSR-MURI; ARO; DARPA QuASAR; NSF Center for Ultracold Atoms at Harvard-MIT; ITAMP; [ANR-14-CE26-0032] FX We are grateful to Paul Julienne, Chris Greene, John Cooper and Murray Holland for their important insights and stimulating discussions. This research is supported by NIST, NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA, AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI, ARO, DARPA QuASAR, NSF Center for Ultracold Atoms at Harvard-MIT, ITAMP and ANR-14-CE26-0032. NR 66 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 8 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 AR 11039 DI 10.1038/ncomms11039 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG6WZ UT WOS:000372228100001 PM 26984643 ER PT J AU Gilbert, DA Olamit, J Dumas, RK Kirby, BJ Grutter, AJ Maranville, BB Arenholz, E Borchers, JA Liu, K AF Gilbert, Dustin A. Olamit, Justin Dumas, Randy K. Kirby, B. J. Grutter, Alexander J. Maranville, Brian B. Arenholz, Elke Borchers, Julie A. Liu, Kai TI Controllable positive exchange bias via redox-driven oxygen migration SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MECHANISMS; TRANSITION; ANISOTROPY; STATE; TB; GD AB Ionic transport in metal/oxide heterostructures offers a highly effective means to tailor material properties via modification of the interfacial characteristics. However, direct observation of ionic motion under buried interfaces and demonstration of its correlation with physical properties has been challenging. Using the strong oxygen affinity of gadolinium, we design a model system of GdxFe1-x/NiCoO bilayer films, where the oxygen migration is observed and manifested in a controlled positive exchange bias over a relatively small cooling field range. The exchange bias characteristics are shown to be the result of an interfacial layer of elemental nickel and cobalt, a few nanometres in thickness, whose moments are larger than expected from uncompensated NiCoO moments. This interface layer is attributed to a redox-driven oxygen migration from NiCoO to the gadolinium, during growth or soon after. These results demonstrate an effective path to tailoring the interfacial characteristics and interlayer exchange coupling in metal/oxide heterostructures. C1 [Gilbert, Dustin A.; Olamit, Justin; Dumas, Randy K.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gilbert, Dustin A.; Kirby, B. J.; Grutter, Alexander J.; Maranville, Brian B.; Borchers, Julie A.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dumas, Randy K.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Arenholz, Elke] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kailiu@ucdavis.edu RI Dumas, Randy/E-3077-2010; Gilbert, Dustin/G-1683-2011; Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008 OI Dumas, Randy/0000-0001-5505-2172; Gilbert, Dustin/0000-0003-3747-3883; Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782 FU NSF [DMR-1008791, ECCS-1232275, DMR-1543582]; NRC Research Associateship programme; Swedish Research Council (VR) FX This work has been supported by the NSF (DMR-1008791, ECCS-1232275 and DMR-1543582). D.A.G. and A.J.G. acknowledges the support of the NRC Research Associateship programme. R.K.D. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council (VR). The work at the Advanced Light Source was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (DEAC02-05CH11231). NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 22 U2 56 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 AR 11050 DI 10.1038/ncomms11050 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH0UN UT WOS:000372499700001 PM 26996674 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Ilicak, M Gerdes, R Drange, H Aksenov, Y Bailey, DA Bentsen, M Biastoch, A Bozec, A Boning, C Cassou, C Chassignet, E Coward, AC Curry, B Danabasoglu, G Danilov, S Fernandez, E Fogli, PG Fujii, Y Griffies, SM Iovino, D Jahn, A Jung, T Large, WG Lee, C Lique, C Lu, JH Masina, S Nurser, AJG Rabe, B Roth, C Melia, DSY Samuels, BL Spence, P Tsujino, H Valcke, S Voldoire, A Wang, XZ Yeager, SG AF Wang, Qiang Ilicak, Mehmet Gerdes, Ruediger Drange, Helge Aksenov, Yevgeny Bailey, David A. Bentsen, Mats Biastoch, Arne Bozec, Alexandra Boening, Claus Cassou, Christophe Chassignet, Eric Coward, Andrew C. Curry, Beth Danabasoglu, Gokhan Danilov, Sergey Fernandez, Elodie Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Fujii, Yosuke Griffies, Stephen M. Iovino, Doroteaciro Jahn, Alexandra Jung, Thomas Large, William G. Lee, Craig Lique, Camille Lu, Jianhua Masina, Simona Nurser, A. J. George Rabe, Benjamin Roth, Christina Salas y Melia, David Samuels, Bonita L. Spence, Paul Tsujino, Hiroyuki Valcke, Sophie Voldoire, Aurore Wang, Xuezhu Yeager, Steve G. TI An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part II: Liquid freshwater SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; Freshwater; Sea ice; CORE II atmospheric forcing ID NORTH-ATLANTIC SIMULATIONS; BERING STRAIT; SEA-ICE; CANADIAN ARCHIPELAGO; BEAUFORT GYRE; FRAM STRAIT; HEAT FLUXES; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; STORAGE AB The Arctic Ocean simulated in 14 global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase II (CORE-II) is analyzed in this study. The focus is on the Arctic liquid freshwater (FW) sources and freshwater content (FWC). The models agree on the interannual variability of liquid FW transport at the gateways where the ocean volume transport determines the FW transport variability. The variation of liquid FWC is induced by both the surface FW flux (associated with sea ice production) and lateral liquid FW transport, which are in phase when averaged on decadal time scales. The liquid FWC shows an increase starting from the mid-1990s, caused by the reduction of both sea ice formation and liquid FW export, with the former being more significant in most of the models. The mean state of the FW budget is less consistently simulated than the temporal variability. The model ensemble means of liquid FW transport through the Arctic gateways compare well with observations. On average, the models have too high mean FWC, weaker upward trends of FWC in the recent decade than the observation, and low consistency in the temporal variation of FWC spatial distribution, which needs to be further explored for the purpose of model development. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Qiang; Gerdes, Ruediger; Danilov, Sergey; Jung, Thomas; Rabe, Benjamin; Wang, Xuezhu] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res AWI, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Ilicak, Mehmet; Bentsen, Mats] Uni Res Ltd, Bergen, Norway. [Drange, Helge] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [Aksenov, Yevgeny; Coward, Andrew C.; Nurser, A. J. George] NOC, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Bailey, David A.; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Jahn, Alexandra; Large, William G.; Yeager, Steve G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Biastoch, Arne; Boening, Claus; Roth, Christina] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Kiel, Germany. [Bozec, Alexandra; Chassignet, Eric; Fernandez, Elodie] Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Cassou, Christophe] Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avancee Calcul Sci, Unite Rech Associee 1875, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, URA1875,CERFACS, Toulouse, France. [Curry, Beth; Lee, Craig] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Fogli, Pier Giuseppe; Iovino, Doroteaciro; Masina, Simona] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat CMCC, Bologna, Italy. [Fujii, Yosuke; Tsujino, Hiroyuki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, MRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Samuels, Bonita L.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Jahn, Alexandra] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jahn, Alexandra] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jung, Thomas] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Lique, Camille] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Lique, Camille] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Lab Phys Oceans, Plouzane, France. [Salas y Melia, David; Voldoire, Aurore] CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Spence, Paul] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Spence, Paul] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Masina, Simona] INGV, Bologna, Italy. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res AWI, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. EM Qiang.Wang@awi.de RI Masina, Simona/B-4974-2012; Lique, Camille/L-5543-2015; Jung, Thomas/J-5239-2012; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/E-9486-2015; Jahn, Alexandra/C-6545-2008; Boening, Claus/B-1686-2012; Danilov, Sergey/S-6184-2016 OI Biastoch, Arne/0000-0003-3946-4390; Lique, Camille/0000-0002-8357-4928; Jung, Thomas/0000-0002-2651-1293; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/0000-0001-7997-6273; Jahn, Alexandra/0000-0002-6580-2579; Boening, Claus/0000-0002-6251-5777; FU Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change) project; Co-Operative Project RACE-Regional Atlantic Circulation and Global Change - German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) [03F0651B]; Australian Research Council [DE150100223]; Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim [207711/E10]; NOTUR/NorStore projects; Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research; Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project; U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF); NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program Grant [NA09OAR4310163, NA13OAR43101.38]; NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 [OCE-1243015]; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Marine Centres' Strategic National Capability Research Programme; UK NERC TEA-COSI Research Project [NE/I028947] FX The WCRP/CLIVAR Ocean Model Development Panel (OMDP) is responsible for organizing the Coordinated Ocean-sea ice Reference Experiments, with support from the international CLIVAR and U.S. CLIVAR project offices. We are grateful for the efforts of modelers who have contributed to the simulation and processing of the CORE-II experiments. We thank Igor Polyakov for providing us with the FWC observational data. Comments by two reviewers and Claudia Wekerle, Richard Greatbatch and Tor Eldevik helped to improve the manuscript. Q. Wang is funded by the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change) project. C. Roth was supported by the Co-Operative Project RACE-Regional Atlantic Circulation and Global Change funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), grant no. 03F0651B. The work of P. Spence was supported by the Australian Research Council grant DE150100223. The BERGEN contribution is supported by the Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim (207711/E10) and NOTUR/NorStore projects, as well as the Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, The CMCC contribution received funding from the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research and the Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project. NCAR is sponsored by the U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF). S.G. Yeager was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program Grant NA09OAR4310163 and NA13OAR43101.38 and by the NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 grant OCE-1243015 to NCAR. Y. Aksenov, N.G. Nurser, and A.C. Coward were partly funded from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Marine Centres' Strategic National Capability Research Programme. Y. Aksenov was also partly supported by the UK NERC TEA-COSI Research Project (NE/I028947/). The NOC-ORCA simulations were performed using the NOC local computing facilities and the cluster MOBIL'S. The AWI-FESOM and Kiel-ORCA05 experiments were performed at the North-German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN). NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 99 BP 86 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.009 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DG0YT UT WOS:000371792800007 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Ilicak, M Gerdes, R Drange, H Aksenov, Y Bailey, DA Bentsen, M Biastoch, A Bozec, A Boning, C Cassou, C Chassignet, E Coward, AC Curry, B Danabasoglu, G Danilov, S Fernandez, E Fogli, PG Fujii, Y Griffies, SM Iovino, D Jahn, A Jung, T Large, WG Lee, C Lique, C Lu, JH Masina, S Nurser, AJG Rabe, B Roth, C Melia, DSY Samuels, BL Spence, P Tsujino, H Valcke, S Voldoire, A Wang, XZ Yeager, SG AF Wang, Qiang Ilicak, Mehmet Gerdes, Ruediger Drange, Helge Aksenov, Yevgeny Bailey, David A. Bentsen, Mats Biastoch, Arne Bozec, Alexandra Boening, Claus Cassou, Christophe Chassignet, Eric Coward, Andrew C. Curry, Beth Danabasoglu, Gokhan Danilov, Sergey Fernandez, Elodie Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Fujii, Yosuke Griffies, Stephen M. Iovino, Doroteaciro Jahn, Alexandra Jung, Thomas Large, William G. Lee, Craig Lique, Camille Lu, Jianhua Masina, Simona Nurser, A. J. George Rabe, Benjamin Roth, Christina Salas y Melia, David Samuels, Bonita L. Spence, Paul Tsujino, Hiroyuki Valcke, Sophie Voldoire, Aurore Wang, Xuezhu Yeager, Steve G. TI An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part I: Sea ice and solid freshwater SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; Sea ice; Freshwater; CORE II atmospheric forcing ID NORTH-ATLANTIC SIMULATIONS; FRAM STRAIT; MODEL; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; THICKNESS; SALINITY; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; SENSITIVITY AB The Arctic Ocean simulated in fourteen global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase 11 (CORE 11) is analyzed. The focus is on the Arctic sea ice extent, the solid freshwater (FW) sources and solid freshwater content (FWC). Available observations are used for model evaluation. The variability of sea ice extent and solid FW budget is more consistently reproduced than their mean state in the models. The descending trend of September sea ice extent is well simulated in terms of the model ensemble mean. Models overestimating sea ice thickness tend to underestimate the descending trend of September sea ice extent. The models underestimate the observed sea ice thinning trend by a factor of two. When averaged on decadal time scales, the variation of Arctic solid FWC is contributed by those of both sea ice production and sea ice transport, which are out of phase in time. The solid FWC decreased in the recent decades, caused mainly by the reduction in sea ice thickness. The models did not simulate the acceleration of sea ice thickness decline, leading to an underestimation of solid FWC trend after 2000. The common model behavior, including the tendency to underestimate the trend of sea ice thickness and March sea ice extent, remains to be improved. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Qiang; Gerdes, Ruediger; Danilov, Sergey; Rabe, Benjamin; Wang, Xuezhu] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res AWI, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Ilicak, Mehmet; Bentsen, Mats] Uni Res Ltd, Bergen, Norway. [Drange, Helge] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [Aksenov, Yevgeny; Coward, Andrew C.; Nurser, A. J. George] NOC, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Bailey, David A.; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Jahn, Alexandra; Large, William G.; Yeager, Steve G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Biastoch, Arne; Boening, Claus; Roth, Christina] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Kiel, Germany. [Bozec, Alexandra; Chassignet, Eric; Lu, Jianhua] Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Cassou, Christophe; Fernandez, Elodie; Valcke, Sophie] CERFACS, Toulouse, France. [Curry, Beth; Lee, Craig] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Fogli, Pier Giuseppe; Iovino, Doroteaciro; Masina, Simona] Ctr Euromediterrarteo Cambiamenti Climat CMCC, Bologna, Italy. [Fujii, Yosuke; Tsujino, Hiroyuki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, MRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Samuels, Bonita L.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Jahn, Alexandra] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jahn, Alexandra] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jung, Thomas] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Lique, Camille] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Lique, Camille] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Lab Phys Oceans, Plouzane, France. [Salas y Melia, David; Voldoire, Aurore] CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Spence, Paul] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Spence, Paul] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Masina, Simona] INGV, Bologna, Italy. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res AWI, Bremerhaven, Germany. EM Qiang.Wang@awi.de RI Masina, Simona/B-4974-2012; Lique, Camille/L-5543-2015; Jung, Thomas/J-5239-2012; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/E-9486-2015; Jahn, Alexandra/C-6545-2008; Boening, Claus/B-1686-2012; Danilov, Sergey/S-6184-2016; OI Lique, Camille/0000-0002-8357-4928; Jung, Thomas/0000-0002-2651-1293; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/0000-0001-7997-6273; Jahn, Alexandra/0000-0002-6580-2579; Boening, Claus/0000-0002-6251-5777; Biastoch, Arne/0000-0003-3946-4390 FU Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change) project; Co-Operative Project RACE-Regional Atlantic Circulation and Global Change - German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) [03F0651B]; Research Council of Norway through the Earth-Clim [207711/E10]; NOTUR/NorStore projects; Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research; Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project; U. S.National Science Foundation (NSF); NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program [NA09OAR4310163, NA13OAR4310138]; NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 [OCE-1243015]; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Marine Centres' Strategic National Capability Research Programme; UK NERC TEA-COSI Research Project [NE/I028947] FX 2The WCRP/CLIVAR Ocean Model Development Panel (OMDP) is responsible for organizing the Coordinated Ocean-sea ice Reference Experiments, with support from the international CLIVAR and U.S. CLIVAR project offices. We are grateful for the efforts of modelers who have contributed to the simulation and processing of the CORE-II experiments. We thank Randi Ingvaldsen for providing us with the ocean transport data at the Barents Sea Opening. Comments by two reviewers and Claudia Wekerle, Richard Great batch and Tor Eldevik helped to improve the manuscript. AWL is a member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers, Q. Wang is funded by the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change) project. C. Roth was supported by the Co-Operative Project RACE-Regional Atlantic Circulation and Global Change funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), grant no. 03F0651B. The BERGEN contribution is supported by the Research Council of Norway through the Earth-Clim (207711/E10) and NOTUR/NorStore projects, as well as the Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, The CMCC contribution received funding from the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research and the Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project. NCAR is sponsored by the U. S.National Science Foundation (NSF). S.G. Yeager was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program Grant NA09OAR4310163 and NA13OAR4310138 and by the NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 grant OCE-1243015 to NCAR. Y. Aksenov, A.J.G. Nurser, and A.C. Coward were partly funded from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Marine Centres' Strategic National Capability Research Programme. Y. Aksenov was also partly supported by the UK NERC TEA-COSI Research Project (NE/I028947/). The NOC-ORCA simulations were performed using the NOC local computing facilities and the cluster MOBILIS. The AWI-FESOM and Kiel-ORCA05 experiments were performed at the North-German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN). NR 97 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 99 BP 110 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.008 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DG0YT UT WOS:000371792800008 ER PT J AU Neveu, E Moore, AM Edwards, CA Fiechter, J Drake, P Crawford, WJ Jacox, MG Nuss, E AF Neveu, Emilie Moore, Andrew M. Edwards, Christopher A. Fiechter, Jerome Drake, Patrick Crawford, William J. Jacox, Michael G. Nuss, Emma TI An historical analysis of the California Current circulation using ROMS 4D-Var: System configuration and diagnostics SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE California Current; Data assimilation; 4D-Var ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; OCEAN MODELING SYSTEM; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; OBSERVATION-SPACE; MESOSCALE EDDIES; QUALITY-CONTROL; PART I; SURFACE; VARIABILITY; SEA AB The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) 4-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation tool has been used to compute two sequences of circulation analyses for the U.S. west coast. One sequence of analyses spans the period 1980-2010 and is subject to surface forcing derived from relatively low resolution atmospheric products from the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform wind product (CCMP) and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis project. The second sequence spans the shorter period 1999-2012 and is subject to forcing derived from a high resolution product from the Naval Research Laboratory Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). The two analysis periods are divided into eight day windows, and all available satellite observations of sea surface temperature and sea surface height, as well as in situ hydrographic profiles are assimilated into ROMS using 4D-Var. The performance of the system is monitored in terms of the cost function and the statistics of the innovations, and the impact of data assimilated on the circulation is assessed by comparing the posterior circulation estimates with the prior circulation and the circulation from a run of the model without data assimilation, with particular emphasis on eddy kinetic energy. This is part I of a two part series, and the circulation variability of the 4D-Var analyses will be documented in part II. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Neveu, Emilie] Rhone Alpes Res Ctr, INRIA, Grenoble, France. [Moore, Andrew M.; Edwards, Christopher A.; Fiechter, Jerome; Drake, Patrick; Crawford, William J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95067 USA. [Jacox, Michael G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95067 USA. [Jacox, Michael G.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. [Nuss, Emma] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Moore, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95067 USA. EM ammoore@ucsc.edu OI Neveu, Emilie/0000-0002-2835-1502; Crawford, William/0000-0003-1252-1148 FU National Science Foundation [OCE 1061434]; CNES FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (OCE 1061434). The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/duacs/). We are also grateful to the three anonymous reviewers who helped to improve the manuscript content. NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 99 BP 133 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.201.5.11.012 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DG0YT UT WOS:000371792800009 ER PT J AU Stailey, JE Hondl, KD AF Stailey, Judson E. Hondl, Kurt D. TI Multifunction Phased Array Radar for Aircraft and Weather Surveillance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Aircraft surveillance; cylindrical array; dual polarization; multifunction phased array radar (MPAR); polarimetric; slot-dipole; weather radar AB Multifunction phased array radar (MPAR) is a multiagency initiative to investigate the feasibility of replacing the aircraft surveillance and weather radar fleets in the US with a network of phased array radars based on a single, scalable architecture. The Federal Aviation Administration and the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration have been collaborating on MPAR risk reduction, which focuses on reducing cost, ensuring that the technology could accomplish all the missions within radar timelines, and developing dual polarization (dual pol) capability. The agencies have completed siting, cost, spectrum, dual pol, and back end studies, among others; have developed three dual pol architectures; and are building operational arrays to demonstrate that the technology can meet the basic needs of the agencies. C1 [Stailey, Judson E.] NOAA, Off Fed Coordinator Meteorol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hondl, Kurt D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Stailey, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Off Fed Coordinator Meteorol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.; Hondl, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM judson.stailey@noaa.gov; kurt.hondl@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAR PY 2016 VL 104 IS 3 BP 649 EP 659 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2015.2491179 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA DG3ZX UT WOS:000372010800014 ER PT J AU Torres, SM Adams, R Curtis, CD Forren, E Forsyth, DE Ivic, IR Priegnitz, D Thompson, J Warde, DA AF Torres, Sebastian M. Adams, Richard Curtis, Christopher D. Forren, Eddie Forsyth, Douglas E. Ivic, Igor R. Priegnitz, David Thompson, John Warde, David A. TI Adaptive-Weather-Surveillance and Multifunction Capabilities of the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased Array Radar SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Meteorological radar; multifunction radar; phased arrays AB The National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) is maintained and operated by NOAA's National Severe Storm Laboratory in Norman, OK, USA. It is a phased array radar (PAR) that was established to evaluate the potential to perform aircraft and weather surveillance with a single, multi-function radar. The NWRT PAR is also being used to demonstrate advanced weather-surveillance concepts that are well suited to the unique capabilities offered by phased arrays. This paper provides an overview of the adaptive-weather-surveillance and multifunction capabilities of this system. C1 [Torres, Sebastian M.; Adams, Richard; Curtis, Christopher D.; Forren, Eddie; Forsyth, Douglas E.; Ivic, Igor R.; Priegnitz, David; Thompson, John; Warde, David A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Torres, Sebastian M.; Adams, Richard; Curtis, Christopher D.; Forren, Eddie; Forsyth, Douglas E.; Ivic, Igor R.; Priegnitz, David; Thompson, John; Warde, David A.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA, OAR, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Torres, SM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Torres, SM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA, OAR, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM Sebastian.Torres@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAR PY 2016 VL 104 IS 3 BP 660 EP 672 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2015.2484288 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA DG3ZX UT WOS:000372010800015 ER PT J AU Myers, GA Michaels, CA Cook, RF AF Myers, Grant A. Michaels, Chris A. Cook, Robert F. TI Quantitative mapping of stress heterogeneity in polycrystalline alumina using hyperspectral fluorescence microscopy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Fluorescence; Stress and strain; Alumina (alpha-Al2O3); Mapping; Image analysis ID TETRAGONAL ZIRCONIA-ALUMINA; THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; CHROMIUM-DOPED SAPPHIRE; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; IN-SITU; OPTICAL FLUORESCENCE; AL2O3/SIC NANOCOMPOSITES; PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BRIDGING STRESSES; PIEZOSPECTROSCOPIC DETERMINATION AB The microstructurally-induced heterogeneous stress fields arising in a series of Cr-doped polycrystalline alumina materials are mapped with sub-micrometer sub-grain size resolution using fluorescence microscopy. Analysis of the hyperspectral data sets generated during imaging enabled both the amplitude and position of the characteristic Cr R1 fluorescence peak to be determined at every pixel in an image. The peak amplitude information was used to segment the images into individual grains and grain boundary regions. The peak position information, in conjunction with measurements on single-crystal controls, was used to quantify overall stress distributions in the materials and provide stress scales for maps. The combined information enabled spatial variations in the stress fields in crystallographic axes to be mapped and compared directly with microstructural features such as grains and grain boundaries. The mean c-axis stresses in these materials were approximately 200 MPa with stress distribution widths of about 70 MPa, both increasing with average grain size. Greatest variations in stress were observed at grain junctions; no trend in the stress for individual grains with grain size was observed. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Myers, Grant A.; Michaels, Chris A.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Myers, Grant A.] WellDog, Gas Sensing Technol Corp, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Cook, RF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brombyers@gmail.com; Chris.michaels@nist.gov; robert.cook@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST]; PHS HHS NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 106 BP 272 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.01.020 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DF8ZP UT WOS:000371650300028 PM 27563278 ER PT J AU Axson, JL Shen, HR Bondy, AL Landry, CC Welz, J Creamean, JM Ault, AP AF Axson, Jessica L. Shen, Hongru Bondy, Amy L. Landry, Christopher C. Welz, Jason Creamean, Jessie M. Ault, Andrew P. TI Transported Mineral Dust Deposition Case Study at a Hydrologically Sensitive Mountain Site: Size and Composition Shifts in Ambient Aerosol and Snowpack SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics at Mountain Sites Symposium CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Steamboat Springs, CO DE Mineral dust; Atmospheric aerosols; Atmospheric chemistry; Climate change; Long-range transport; Radiative effects ID ICE NUCLEATION; PARTICLES; PRECIPITATION; COMBINATION; MICROSCOPY; ALBEDO; RAMAN; IRON; EDX AB Transported mineral dust deposition to remote mountain snow decreases snow albedo and increases absorption of solar radiation, which accelerates snowpack melt and alters water supply. Mineralogy and chemical composition determine dust particle optical properties, which vary by source region. While impacts of dust deposition at remote mountain sites have been established, few studies have connected the chemical composition of ambient particles during deposition events with the properties of those deposited on the snowpack. Ambient particles and surface snow were sampled in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado, which frequently experiences dust deposition in the spring and has evidence of dust-enhanced snow melt. Individual particles were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The number concentration and size distribution of insoluble residues in the top level of snow were determined with nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). During a minor dust event (April 2-3, 2015), the fraction of absorbing iron-enriched dust in the ambient aerosol, the number concentration, and size of insoluble residues in snow all increased. This can be traced to shifts in mineral dust source region within the Colorado Plateau, during which, there were higher wind speeds leading to increased transport. The shift in chemical composition and mineralogy of the transported dust has the potential to impact snowpack radiative forcing during dry deposition. In addition, it can also modify the snowpack through scavenging of particles during wet deposition, as well as alter the properties of clouds and orographic precipitation. Understanding these impacts is crucial to understanding the hydrological cycle at remote mountain sites. C1 [Axson, Jessica L.; Shen, Hongru; Ault, Andrew P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bondy, Amy L.; Ault, Andrew P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Landry, Christopher C.; Welz, Jason] Ctr Snow & Avalanche Studies, Silverton, CO USA. [Creamean, Jessie M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Creamean, Jessie M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ault, AP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Ault, AP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Creamean, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.; Creamean, JM (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM jessie.creamean@noaa.gov; aulta@umich.edu RI Ault, Andrew/E-4594-2011; OI Ault, Andrew/0000-0002-7313-8559; Creamean, Jessie/0000-0003-3819-5600 NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 20 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 EI 2071-1409 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 555 EP 567 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2015.05.0346 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF6WQ UT WOS:000371498900008 ER PT J AU Sharma, NCP Barnes, JE AF Sharma, Nimmi C. P. Barnes, John E. TI Boundary Layer Characteristics over a High Altitude Station, Mauna Loa Observatory SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics at Mountain Sites Symposium CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Steamboat Springs, CO DE Boundary layer; Aerosol; Lidar; CLidar; High altitude station ID CAMERA LIDAR; AEROSOL; INSTRUMENT; WIND AB The unique boundary layer at Mauna Loa Observatory (3396 meters) is examined with a combination of radiosondes launched from the observatory and a novel aerosol profiling technique called CLidar or camera lidar. This boundary layer is influenced by a combination of radiation winds, due to the heating and cooling of the surrounding lava, and off-island winds. Typically an upslope surface wind forms after sunrise as the ground heats up. The reverse occurs after sunset as the ground cools and a temperature inversion, tens of meters thick forms. Aerosol increases for the first 90 to 160 meters and then decreases to free tropospheric levels. The 90 to 160 m aerosol peak indicates the vicinity of the upslope/downslope interface in the air flow. An upper transition is seen in the aerosol gradient at about 600 meters above the observatory (4000 m Above Sea Level). This transition is also seen in radiosonde potential temperature data. The sondes indicate that the air above the nighttime downslope surface region usually has an upslope component. Some of this counter-flowing air can be entrained in the downslope air, possibly influencing the sampling of aerosols and trace gases at the observatory. C1 [Sharma, Nimmi C. P.] Cent Connecticut State Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, New Britain, CT 06050 USA. [Barnes, John E.] NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI USA. RP Barnes, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI USA. EM John.E.Barnes@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 5 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 EI 2071-1409 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 729 EP 737 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2015.05.0347 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF6WQ UT WOS:000371498900022 ER PT J AU Hallar, AG Petersen, R McCubbin, IB Lowenthal, D Lee, S Andrews, E Yu, FQ AF Hallar, A. Gannet Petersen, Ross McCubbin, Ian B. Lowenthal, Doug Lee, Shanhu Andrews, Elisabeth Yu, Fangqun TI Climatology of New Particle Formation and Corresponding Precursors at Storm Peak Laboratory SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics at Mountain Sites Symposium CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Steamboat Springs, CO DE New particle formation; Mountain site; Sulfur dioxide measurements ID CONTINENTAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; HIGH-ALTITUDE SITE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; NUCLEATION EVENTS; LONG-TERM; NUMBER CONCENTRATIONS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; AEROSOL FORMATION; AIR-QUALITY AB Thirteen years of measurements of ultrafine (3-10 nm diameter) aerosols are presented from a remote high elevation (3210 m a.s.l.) site in Colorado, Storm Peak Laboratory. Previous work has shown that frequent new particle formation (NPF) occurs regularly at the site (52% of days). This long-term climatology of ultrafine aerosols clearly shows a seasonal dependence on new particle formation at Storm Peak Laboratory, reaching a maximum during the spring season and a minimum in summer. Recent sulfur dioxide data indicates a strong source region west of Storm Peak Laboratory, and this wind direction corresponds to the predominant wind direction observed during NPF events. C1 [Hallar, A. Gannet; Petersen, Ross; McCubbin, Ian B.] Desert Res Inst, Storm Peak Lab, Steamboat Springs, CO USA. [Lowenthal, Doug] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Lee, Shanhu] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Andrews, Elisabeth] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Yu, Fangqun] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Andrews, Elisabeth] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hallar, AG (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Storm Peak Lab, Steamboat Springs, CO USA. EM gannet.hallar@dri.edu NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 3 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 EI 2071-1409 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 816 EP 826 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2015.05.0341 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF6WQ UT WOS:000371498900028 ER PT J AU Sheridan, P Andrews, E Schmeisser, L Vasel, B Ogren, J AF Sheridan, Patrick Andrews, Elisabeth Schmeisser, Lauren Vasel, Brian Ogren, John TI Aerosol Measurements at South Pole: Climatology and Impact of Local Contamination SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics at Mountain Sites Symposium CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Steamboat Springs, CO DE Aerosol monitoring; Clean Air Sector; Wind sector screening ID CONDENSATION PARTICLE COUNTERS; BLACK CARBON MEASUREMENTS; NUMBER CONCENTRATIONS; DECADAL TRENDS; SURFACE; CALIBRATION; VARIABILITY; ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERE; STATIONS AB The Atmospheric Research Observatory (ARO), part of the National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, is located at one of the cleanest and most remote sites on earth. NOAA has been making atmospheric baseline measurements at South Pole since the mid-1970's. The pristine conditions and high elevation make the South Pole a desirable location for many types of research projects and since the early 2000's there have been multiple construction projects to accommodate both a major station renovation and additional research activities and their personnel. The larger population and increased human activity at the station, located in such close proximity to the global baseline measurements conducted at the ARO, calls into question the potential effects of local contamination of the long-term background measurements. In this work, the long-term wind and aerosol climatologies were updated and analyzed for trends. Winds blow toward the ARO from the Clean Air Sector similar to 88% of the time and while there is some year-to-year variability in this number, the long-term wind speed and direction measurements at South Pole have not changed appreciably in the last 35 years. Several human activity markers including station population, aircraft flights and fuel usage were used as surrogates for local aerosol emissions; peak human activity (and thus likely local emissions) occurred in the 2006 and 2007 austral summer seasons. The long-term aerosol measurements at ARO do not peak during these seasons, suggesting that the quality control procedures in place to identify and exclude continuous sources of local contamination are working and that the NSF's sector management plan for the Clean Air Sector is effective. No significant trends over time were observed in particle number concentration, aerosol light scattering coefficient, or any aerosol parameter except scattering Angstrom exponent, which showed a drop of similar to 0.02 yr(-1) over the 36-year record. The effect of discrete local contamination events in the Clean Air Sector is discussed using one well-documented example. C1 [Sheridan, Patrick; Andrews, Elisabeth; Schmeisser, Lauren; Vasel, Brian; Ogren, John] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Andrews, Elisabeth; Schmeisser, Lauren] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sheridan, P (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM patrick.sheridan@noaa.gov OI andrews, elisabeth/0000-0002-9394-024X NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 7 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 EI 2071-1409 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 855 EP 872 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2015.05.0358 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF6WQ UT WOS:000371498900031 ER PT J AU Chambers, SD Williams, AG Conen, F Griffiths, AD Reimann, S Steinbacher, M Krummel, PB Steele, LP van der Schoot, MV Galbally, IE Molloy, SB Barnes, JE AF Chambers, Scott D. Williams, Alastair G. Conen, Franz Griffiths, Alan D. Reimann, Stefan Steinbacher, Martin Krummel, Paul B. Steele, L. Paul van der Schoot, Marcel V. Galbally, Ian E. Molloy, Suzie B. Barnes, John E. TI Towards a Universal "Baseline" Characterisation of Air Masses for High- and Low-Altitude Observing Stations Using Radon-222 SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics at Mountain Sites Symposium CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Steamboat Springs, CO DE Rn-222; Clean air; Mountain site; Terrestrial influence; Greenhouse gases ID ALPINE SITE JUNGFRAUJOCH; EXPERIMENT ACE 1; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY; MAUNA-LOA; METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS; FREE TROPOSPHERE; NORTH PACIFIC; RADON 222; TRANSPORT AB We demonstrate the ability of atmospheric radon concentrations to reliably and unambiguously identify local and remote terrestrial influences on an air mass, and thereby the potential for alteration of trace gas composition by anthropogenic and biogenic processes. Based on high accuracy (lower limit of detection 10-40 mBq m(-3)), high temporal resolution (hourly) measurements of atmospheric radon concentration we describe, apply and evaluate a simple two-step method for identifying and characterising constituent mole fractions in baseline air. The technique involves selecting a radon-based threshold concentration to identify the "cleanest" (least terrestrially influenced) air masses, and then performing an outlier removal step based on the distribution of constituent mole fractions in the identified clean air masses. The efficacy of this baseline selection technique is tested at three contrasting WMO GAW stations: Cape Grim (a coastal low-altitude site), Mauna Loa (a remote high-altitude island site), and Jungfraujoch (a continental high-altitude site). At Cape Grim and Mauna Loa the two-step method is at least as effective as more complicated methods employed to characterise baseline conditions, some involving up to nine steps. While it is demonstrated that Jungfraujoch air masses rarely meet the baseline criteria of the more remote sites, a selection method based on a variable monthly radon threshold is shown to produce credible "near baseline" characteristics. The seasonal peak-to-peak amplitude of recent monthly baseline CO2 mole fraction deviations from the long-term trend at Cape Grim, Mauna Loa and Jungfraujoch are estimated to be 1.1, 6.0 and 8.1 ppm, respectively. C1 [Chambers, Scott D.; Williams, Alastair G.; Griffiths, Alan D.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Conen, Franz] Univ Basel, Environm Geosci, Bernoullistr 30, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Reimann, Stefan; Steinbacher, Martin] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol Empa, Uberlandstr 129, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Krummel, Paul B.; Steele, L. Paul; van der Schoot, Marcel V.; Galbally, Ian E.; Molloy, Suzie B.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Barnes, John E.] NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI USA. RP Chambers, SD (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. EM szc@ansto.gov.au RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Steinbacher, Martin/B-7424-2009; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Galbally, Ian/E-5852-2011; Reimann, Stefan/A-2327-2009 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Steinbacher, Martin/0000-0002-7195-8115; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Galbally, Ian/0000-0003-2383-1360; Reimann, Stefan/0000-0002-9885-7138 NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 EI 2071-1409 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 885 EP 899 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2015.06.0391 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF6WQ UT WOS:000371498900033 ER PT J AU de Jongh, PE Blanchard, D Matsuo, M Udovic, TJ Orimo, S AF de Jongh, P. E. Blanchard, D. Matsuo, M. Udovic, T. J. Orimo, S. TI Complex hydrides as room-temperature solid electrolytes for rechargeable batteries SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIALS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SUPERIONIC CONDUCTOR; NEGATIVE ELECTRODES; NANOCONFINED LIBH4; STATE BATTERY; PERFORMANCE; CHALLENGES; CONVERSION AB A central goal in current battery research is to increase the safety and energy density of Li-ion batteries. Electrolytes nowadays typically consist of lithium salts dissolved in organic solvents. Solid electrolytes could facilitate safer batteries with higher capacities, as they are compatible with Li-metal anodes, prevent Li dendrite formation, and eliminate risks associated with flammable organic solvents. Less than 10 years ago, LiBH4 was proposed as a solid-state electrolyte. It showed a high ionic conductivity, but only at elevated temperatures. Since then a range of other complex metal hydrides has been reported to show similar characteristics. Strategies have been developed to extend the high ionic conductivity of LiBH4 down to room temperature by partial anion substitution or nanoconfinement. The present paper reviews the recent developments in complex metal hydrides as solid electrolytes, discussing in detail LiBH4, strategies towards for fast room-temperature ionic conductors, alternative compounds, and first explorations of implementation of these electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries. C1 [de Jongh, P. E.] Univ Utrecht, Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, Debye Inst Nanomat Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Blanchard, D.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Energy Convers & Storage, Roskilde, Denmark. [Matsuo, M.; Orimo, S.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Udovic, T. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Orimo, S.] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP de Jongh, PE (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, Debye Inst Nanomat Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM P.E.deJongh@uu.nl RI Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014; ORIMO, Shin-ichi/A-4971-2011; Blanchard, Didier/G-9006-2012; de Jongh, Petra/A-4761-2009 OI ORIMO, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-4216-0446; Blanchard, Didier/0000-0001-7777-2891; de Jongh, Petra/0000-0002-2216-2620 NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 32 U2 110 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 EI 1432-0630 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 122 IS 3 AR 251 DI 10.1007/s00339-016-9807-2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DG2GK UT WOS:000371884700015 ER PT J AU Turkovic, V Engmann, S Tsierkezos, N Hoppe, H Madsen, M Rubahn, HG Ritter, U Gobsch, G AF Turkovic, Vida Engmann, Sebastian Tsierkezos, Nikos Hoppe, Harald Madsen, Morten Rubahn, Horst-Gunter Ritter, Uwe Gobsch, Gerhard TI Long-term stabilization of organic solar cells using hydroperoxide decomposers as additives SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTION; POLYMERS; POLYPROPYLENE; AIR; STABILITY AB Stability of organic solar cells (OPV) remains a big problem on the way to their commercialization. Different approaches are being investigated: development of intrinsically more photochemically stable materials, optimization of encapsulation, and implementation of getter and UV blocking layers. In this study, we investigate stabilization of OPV devices using hydroperoxide decomposers as stabilizing additives. A set of five commercially available additives of organophosphorus, organosulfur, Ni chelate, and blocked thiol type are compared, ternary blended into the active layer, under exposure to aging under ISOS-3 degradation conditions. Improvements in long-term performance of OPV devices were observed upon stabilization with Advapak NEO-1120, lifetime was prolonged by a factor of 1.7, and accumulated power generation increased by a factor of 1.4. The stabilizing mechanisms are discussed using spectroscopic and microscopic measurements. C1 [Turkovic, Vida; Engmann, Sebastian; Hoppe, Harald; Gobsch, Gerhard] Ilmenau Univ Technol, Inst Phys, D-98683 Ilmenau, Germany. [Turkovic, Vida; Engmann, Sebastian; Hoppe, Harald; Gobsch, Gerhard] Ilmenau Univ Technol, Inst Micro & Nanotechnol, D-98683 Ilmenau, Germany. [Turkovic, Vida; Madsen, Morten; Rubahn, Horst-Gunter] Univ Southern Denmark, Mads Clausen Inst, DK-6400 Sonderborg, Denmark. [Engmann, Sebastian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Turkovic, V (reprint author), Ilmenau Univ Technol, Inst Phys, D-98683 Ilmenau, Germany. EM engmann@mci.sdu.dk RI Hoppe, Harald/P-5293-2014; Madsen, Morten/K-8597-2012 FU Federal State of Thuringia via the Landesgraduierten Stipendium; Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [03X3516F]; Det Frie Forskningsrad; Interreg 4A Syddanmark-Schleswig-K.E.R.N FX The authors would like to thank Katrin Risch for recording the FTIR spectra and Doreen Schneider for additional CV measurements. We thankfully acknowledge Dr. Solon Economopoulos for valuable discussion on cyclic voltammetry, and Christiane Orset from Rohm and Haas Europe for material samples. Financial support from the Federal State of Thuringia via the Landesgraduierten Stipendium, and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for funding of research projects EOS (Grant Number 03X3516F), from Interreg 4A Syddanmark-Schleswig-K.E.R.N. for funding project eMotion, and Det Frie Forskningsrad for funding project StabilO is gratefully acknowledged. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 EI 1432-0630 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 122 IS 3 AR 255 DI 10.1007/s00339-016-9758-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DG2GK UT WOS:000371884700019 ER PT J AU Welch, H Pressey, RL Heron, SF Ceccarelli, DM Hobday, AJ AF Welch, Heather Pressey, Robert L. Heron, Scott F. Ceccarelli, Daniela M. Hobday, Alistair J. TI Regimes of chlorophyll-a in the Coral Sea: implications for evaluating adequacy of marine protected areas SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES; CARETTA-CARETTA; RESERVE DESIGN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONSERVATION; OCEAN; AUSTRALIA; BIODIVERSITY AB Spatial management of the highly dynamic pelagic realm, and the highly mobile species it supports, requires dynamic processes to be incorporated into reserve design. To achieve this, planners need information on how these processes vary across space and time, and how this variation relates to species of conservation interest. This study presents a new method of quantifying variability that captures both between- and within-year changes in variables of interest. We applied this method to remotely-sensed chlorophyll-a in the Coral Sea to find five distinct regimes of variation that serve as surrogates for assemblages of species of conservation interest. We performed a gap analysis to determine protection of the regimes both internationally and nationally within Australia's network of marine reserves in the Coral Sea. We also identified key areas for protection within each regime, in terms of chlorophyll-a variability and species associations, and examined their protection status. Depending on conservation objectives, reserve systems that span multiple national jurisdictions and a rezoning of Australian national waters might be necessary to meet protection requirements for the regimes and for key areas within them. The current suspension and review of the Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve management plans and the recent proclamation of New Caledonia's as yet unzoned Coral Sea Nature Park offer planners an opportunity to incorporate dynamic processes into conservation planning for the Coral Sea. The method we present can be applied at other locations for time-series of any variable/s of interest, aiding the spatial management of dynamic features in both marine and terrestrial contexts. C1 [Welch, Heather] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Pressey, Robert L.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, 675 Ross River Rd, Townsville, Qld 4817, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Ceccarelli, Daniela M.] POB 215, Magnetic Isl, Qld 4819, Australia. [Hobday, Alistair J.] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Welch, H (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM heather.welch@my.jcu.edu.au RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011 FU Australian Research Council; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program FX The authors thank Rhondda Jones for her statistical advice. RLP acknowledges the support of the Australian Research Council. SFH acknowledges support from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 3 BP 289 EP 304 DI 10.1111/ecog.01450 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF7HN UT WOS:000371528800005 ER PT J AU Velasquez-Tibata, J Graham, CH Munch, SB AF Velasquez-Tibata, Jorge Graham, Catherine H. Munch, Stephan B. TI Using measurement error models to account for georeferencing error in species distribution models SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LOCALITY DESCRIPTIONS; REGRESSION-MODELS; UNCERTAINTY; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; MAXENT AB Georeferencing error is prevalent in datasets used to model species distributions, inducing uncertainty in covariate values associated with species occurrences that result in biased probability of occurrence estimates. Traditionally, this error has been dealt with at the data-level by using only records with an acceptable level of error (filtering) or by summarizing covariates at sampling units by using measures of central tendency (averaging). Here we compare those previous approaches to a novel implementation of a Bayesian logistic regression with measurement error (ME), a seldom used method in species distribution modeling. We show that the ME model outperforms data-level approaches on 1) specialist species and 2) when either sample sizes are small, the georeferencing error is large or when all georeferenced occurrences have a fixed level of error. Thus, for certain types of species and datasets the ME model is an effective method to reduce biases in probability of occurrence estimates and account for the uncertainty generated by georeferencing error. Our approach may be expanded for its use with presence-only data as well as to include other sources of uncertainty in species distribution models. C1 [Velasquez-Tibata, Jorge; Graham, Catherine H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Velasquez-Tibata, Jorge] Inst Invest Recursos Biol Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia. [Munch, Stephan B.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Velasquez-Tibata, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.; Velasquez-Tibata, J (reprint author), Inst Invest Recursos Biol Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia. EM jivelasquezt@gmail.com FU NASA [NNX08AU26H] FX Financial support for this study was provided by NASA grant NNX08AU26H to CHG and JVT. We thank Ben Weinstein for assistance with parallel programming in R. Luis M. Renjifo, Resit Akcakaya, and Carolina Bello provided valuable comments to various versions of this manuscript. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 3 BP 305 EP 316 DI 10.1111/ecog.01205 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF7HN UT WOS:000371528800006 ER PT J AU Thomas, S Lu, Y Garboczi, EJ AF Thomas, Stephen Lu, Yang Garboczi, E. J. TI Improved Model for Three-Dimensional Virtual Concrete: Anm Model SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Concrete and mortar; Spherical harmonics; Contact function; Uniform-thickness shell; Parallel processing; Composites; Interfacial transition zone ID INTERFACIAL TRANSITION ZONE; PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; AGGREGATE PARTICLES; SIMULATION-MODEL; SHAPE; PACKING; CONDUCTIVITY; TOMOGRAPHY; SURFACES; LAYERS AB Construction aggregate particles, fine or coarse, can be scanned by X-ray computed tomography and mathematically characterized using spherical harmonic series, and can then be used to simulate random parking of irregular aggregates to form a virtual mortar or concrete using the Anm model. Any other similar composite system of irregular (star-shaped) particles in a matrix can also be simulated. This paper integrates two new algorithms into the Anm model. The first new algorithm is the extent overlap box (EOB) method that detects interparticle contact, and the second is the capability of adding a uniform-thickness shell to each particle. Parameter analysis has shown that the EOB method leads to a more accurate detection of interparticle contact with a smaller computational cost than the previously used Newton-Raphson method. The uniform-thickness shell provides a customizable tool to control the minimum intersurface distance of particles during the parking process, as well as to simulate processes and microstructure that are dependent on the Euclidean distance from a particle surface. For mortar and concrete, the uniform-thickness shell can represent the observed interfacial transition zone (ITZ) structure. A parallel processing application programming interface (API) was integrated into the Anm model to accelerate the particle placement process by parallel optimization, which results in significant improvements in the packing efficiency on multicore processor systems. This significant speedup as well the improved contact function and new uniform-thickness shell algorithm greatly extend the range, size, and type of particle systems that can be studied. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Thomas, Stephen] Boise State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Lu, Yang] Boise State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Garboczi, E. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway MS 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lu, Y (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM stephenthomas1@u.boisestate.edu; yanglufrank@boisestate.edu; edward.garboczi@nist.gov FU Boise State University's New Faculty Start-up Fund; National Institute of Standards and Technology Project: Innovative Measurement Science-Shape Metrology; Micron Technology; Boise State University FX The support of Boise State University's New Faculty Start-up Fund is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank the National Institute of Standards and Technology Project: Innovative Measurement Science-Shape Metrology for partial support of this work. The authors also want to extend their thanks to Micron Technology's fellowship program, and acknowledge the support of the Boise State University's R1 supercomputing facilities in performing the numerical tests and simulations. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3801 EI 1943-5487 J9 J COMPUT CIVIL ENG JI J. Comput. Civil. Eng. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 30 IS 2 AR 04015027 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000494 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA DF9OJ UT WOS:000371690400023 ER PT J AU Nearing, GS Mocko, DM Peters-Lidard, CD Kumar, SV Xia, YL AF Nearing, Grey S. Mocko, David M. Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Kumar, Sujay V. Xia, Youlong TI Benchmarking NLDAS-2 Soil Moisture and Evapotranspiration to Separate Uncertainty Contributions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Land surface model; Model evaluation/performance; Models and modeling ID LAND-SURFACE MODELS; INFORMATION; ASSIMILATION; PERFORMANCE; FRAMEWORK; FLUXNET; SYSTEMS; IMPACT; FUTURE; ENERGY AB Model benchmarking allows us to separate uncertainty in model predictions caused by model inputs from uncertainty due to model structural error. This method is extended with a "large sample" approach (using data from multiple field sites) to measure prediction uncertainty caused by errors in 1) forcing data, 2) model parameters, and 3) model structure, and use it to compare the efficiency of soil moisture state and evapotranspiration flux predictions made by the four land surface models in phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2). Parameters dominated uncertainty in soil moisture estimates and forcing data dominated uncertainty in evapotranspiration estimates; however, the models themselves used only a fraction of the information available to them. This means that there is significant potential to improve all three components of NLDAS-2. In particular, continued work toward refining the parameter maps and lookup tables, the forcing data measurement and processing, and also the land surface models themselves, has potential to result in improved estimates of surface mass and energy balances. C1 [Nearing, Grey S.; Mocko, David M.; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.; Kumar, Sujay V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Code 617,Bldg 33,Rm G205, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nearing, Grey S.; Mocko, David M.; Kumar, Sujay V.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Xia, Youlong] NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Xia, Youlong] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Nearing, GS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Code 617,Bldg 33,Rm G205, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM grey.s.nearing@nasa.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science; NASA's Earth-Sun System Division FX Thank you to Martyn Clark (NCAR) for his help with organizing the presentation. The NLDAS-2 data used in this study were acquired as part of NASA's Earth-Sun System Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). Funding for AmeriFlux data resources was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 3 BP 745 EP 759 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0063.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6NN UT WOS:000371472600002 ER PT J AU Wen, YX Kirstetter, P Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Cao, Q Zhang, J Flamig, Z Xue, XW AF Wen, Yixin Kirstetter, Pierre Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Cao, Qing Zhang, Jian Flamig, Zac Xue, Xianwu TI Evaluation of a Method to Enhance Real-Time, Ground Radar-Based Rainfall Estimates Using Climatological Profiles of Reflectivity from Space SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Observational techniques and algorithms; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Precipitation; Satellite observations; Radars/Radar observations ID TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; VERTICAL PROFILES; IDENTIFICATION; QPE; PRODUCT; SYSTEM; RANGE; BAND AB Over mountainous terrain, ground weather radars face limitations in monitoring surface precipitation as they are affected by radar beam blockages along with the range-dependent biases due to beam broadening and increase in altitude with range. These issues are compounded by precipitation structures that are relatively shallow and experience growth at low levels due to orographic enhancement. To improve surface precipitation estimation, researchers at the University of Oklahoma have demonstrated the benefits of integrating the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) products into the ground-based NEXRAD rainfall estimation system using a vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) identification and enhancement (VPR-IE) approach. However, the temporal resolution of TRMM limits the application of VPR-IE method operationally. To implement the VPR-IE concept into the National Mosaic and Multi-Sensor QPE (NMQ) system in real time, climatological VPRs from 11 years of TRMM PR observations have been characterized for different stratiform/convective rain types, seasons, and surface rain intensities. Then, these representative profiles are used to adjust ground radar-based precipitation estimates in the NMQ system based on different precipitation structures. This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the newly developed climatological VPR-IE (CVPR-IE) method on winter events (January, February, and December) in 2011. The statistical analysis reveals that the CVPR-IE method provides a clear improvement over the original radar QPE in the NMQ system for the study region. Compared to physically based VPRs from real-time PR measurements, climatological VPRs have limitations in representing precipitation structure for individual events. A hybrid correction scheme incorporating both climatological and real-time VPR information is desired for better skill in the future. C1 [Wen, Yixin; Flamig, Zac] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wen, Yixin; Kirstetter, Pierre; Hong, Yang; Flamig, Zac; Xue, Xianwu] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Yang; Xue, Xianwu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Zhang, Jian] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Cao, Qing] Enterprise Elect Corp, Res & Innovat, Enterprise, AL USA. [Flamig, Zac] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU NASA Precipitation Measuring Mission Program; NASA GPM Ground Validation Program; NASA Short-Term Prediction Research and Transition Program; Southern-Central Climate Science Center; NSSL; University of Oklahoma FX This research was funded by NASA Precipitation Measuring Mission Program, NASA GPM Ground Validation Program, and NASA Short-Term Prediction Research and Transition Program. Partial support for this research is from Southern-Central Climate Science Center. We also would like to thank the support from NSSL and University of Oklahoma personnel who maintain and operate the MRMS system. Constructive reviews provided by three anonymous reviewers improved the readability of this manuscript. Their time is appreciated. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 3 BP 761 EP 775 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0062.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6NP UT WOS:000371472800001 ER PT J AU Cocks, SB Martinaitis, SM Kaney, B Zhang, J Howard, K AF Cocks, Stephen B. Martinaitis, Steven M. Kaney, Brian Zhang, Jian Howard, Kenneth TI MRMS QPE Performance during the 2013/14 Cool Season SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Radars/Radar observations; Snowfall; Rainfall; Observational techniques and algorithms; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena ID RAINFALL ESTIMATION; PRECIPITATION DATA; BEAM BLOCKAGE; RADAR; SYSTEM; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHM AB A recently implemented operational quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) product, the Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) radar-only QPE (Q3RAD), mosaicked dual-polarization QPE, and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) stage II QPE were evaluated for nine cool season precipitation events east of the Rockies. These automated, radar-only products were compared with the forecaster quality-controlled NCEP stage IV product, which was considered as the benchmark for QPE. Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) 24-h accumulation data were used to evaluate product performance while hourly automated gauge data (quality controlled) were used for spatial and time series analysis. Statistical analysis indicated all three radar-only products had a distinct underestimate bias, likely due to the radar beam partially or completely overshooting the predominantly shallow winter precipitation systems. While the forecaster quality-controlled NCEP stage IV estimates had the best overall performance, Q3RAD had the next best performance, which was significant as Q3RAD is available in real time whereas NCEP stage IV estimates are not. Stage II estimates exhibited a distinct tendency to underestimate gauge totals while dual-polarization estimates exhibited significant errors related to melting layer challenges. C1 [Cocks, Stephen B.; Martinaitis, Steven M.; Kaney, Brian] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cocks, Stephen B.; Martinaitis, Steven M.; Kaney, Brian; Zhang, Jian; Howard, Kenneth] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Cocks, SB (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM stephen.cocks@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; Radar Operations Center technical transfer memorandum of agreement FX We thank Alexander Ryzhkov and Dusan Zrnic and the anonymous reviewers for providing many useful comments that improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce, as well as the Radar Operations Center technical transfer memorandum of agreement. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 3 BP 791 EP 810 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0095.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6NR UT WOS:000371473000002 ER PT J AU Rudnick, PA Markey, SP Roth, J Mirokhin, Y Yan, XJ Tchekhovskoi, DV Edwards, NJ Thangudu, RR Ketchum, KA Kinsinger, CR Mesri, M Rodriguez, H Stein, SE AF Rudnick, Paul A. Markey, Sanford P. Roth, Jeri Mirokhin, Yuri Yan, Xinjian Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii V. Edwards, Nathan J. Thangudu, Ratna R. Ketchum, Karen A. Kinsinger, Christopher R. Mesri, Mehdi Rodriguez, Henry Stein, Stephen E. TI A Description of the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) Common Data Analysis Pipeline SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE proteomics data resource; bioinformatics; cancer; CPTAC; data analysis pipeline ID PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEARCH; CANCER AB The Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) has produced large proteomics data sets from the mass spectrometric interrogation of tumor samples previously analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program. The availability of the genomic and proteomic data is enabling proteogenomic study for both reference (i.e., contained in major sequence databases) and nonreference markers of cancer. The CPTAC laboratories have focused on colon, breast, and ovarian tissues in the first round of analyses; spectra from these data sets were produced from 2D liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses and represent deep coverage. To reduce the variability introduced by disparate data analysis platforms (e.g., software packages, versions, parameters, sequence databases, etc.), the CPTAC Common Data Analysis Platform (CDAP) was created. The CDAP produces both peptide-spectrum-match (PSM) reports and gene-level reports. The pipeline processes raw mass spectrometry data according to the following: (1) peak-picking and quantitative data extraction, (2) database searching, (3) gene based protein parsimony, and (4) false-discovery rate-based filtering. The pipeline also produces localization scores for the phosphopeptide enrichment studies using the PhosphoRS program. Quantitative information for each of the data sets is specific to the sample processing, with PSM and protein reports containing the spectrum-level or gene-level ("rolled-up") precursor peak areas and spectral counts for label-free or reporter ion log-ratios for 4plex iTRAQ The reports are available in simple tab delimited formats and, for the PSM-reports, in mzIdentML. The goal of the CDAP is to provide standard, uniform reports for all of the CPTAC data to enable comparisons between different samples and cancer types as well as across the major omics fields. C1 [Rudnick, Paul A.] Spectragen Informat, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. [Rudnick, Paul A.; Markey, Sanford P.; Roth, Jeri; Mirokhin, Yuri; Yan, Xinjian; Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii V.; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Edwards, Nathan J.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol & Cellular Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Thangudu, Ratna R.; Ketchum, Karen A.] ESAC Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Kinsinger, Christopher R.; Mesri, Mehdi; Rodriguez, Henry] NCI, Off Canc Clin Prote Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Rudnick, PA (reprint author), Spectragen Informat, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA.; Rudnick, PA (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.rudnick@spectragen-informatics.com FU National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E] FX The authors thank all of the contributing CPTAC laboratories for their work generating these large datasets and for valuable feedback during the design and testing phases of the pipeline. In particular, the authors would like to thank Karl Clauser and Philip Mertins (Broad Institute); Sam Payne, Matt Monroe, and Tao Liu (PNNL); David Fenyo (NYU); Rob Slebos, Bing Zhang, and David Tabb (Vanderbilt University Medical Center); Bai Zhang (JHU); and Alexey Nesvizhskii (UMich). We are also grateful to Nuno Bandeira and June Snedecor for their help with assessing phosphosite assignment algorithms. NCI CPTAC 2 NIST/NCI IAA ACO13004 ("Proteomics Measurement Quality Assurance Program"). This project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views of policies of the Department of Health and Human Services; in addition, mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Certain commercial instruments are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology; in addition, it does not imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 EI 1535-3907 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1023 EP 1032 DI 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01091 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA DG0KQ UT WOS:000371754100035 PM 26860878 ER PT J AU Slivinski, L Snyder, C AF Slivinski, Laura Snyder, Chris TI Exploring Practical Estimates of the Ensemble Size Necessary for Particle Filters SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Statistical techniques; Nonlinear models; Ensembles; Data assimilation; Models and modeling; Mathematical and statistical techniques ID SEQUENTIAL MONTE-CARLO; DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; SAMPLING METHODS; IMPLEMENTATION AB Particle filtering methods for data assimilation may suffer from the "curse of dimensionality," where the required ensemble size grows rapidly as the dimension increases. It would, therefore, be useful to know a priori whether a particle filter is feasible to implement in a given system. Previous work provides an asymptotic relation between the necessary ensemble size and an exponential function of [GRAPHICS] , a statistic that depends on observation-space quantities and that is related to the system dimension when the number of observations is large; for linear, Gaussian systems, the statistic [GRAPHICS] can be computed from eigenvalues of an appropriately normalized covariance matrix. Tests with a low-dimensional system show that these asymptotic results remain useful when the system is nonlinear, with either the standard or optimal proposal implementation of the particle filter. This study explores approximations to the covariance matrices that facilitate computation in high-dimensional systems, as well as different methods to estimate the accumulated system noise covariance for the optimal proposal. Since [GRAPHICS] may be approximated using an ensemble from a simpler data assimilation scheme, such as the ensemble Kalman filter, the asymptotic relations thus allow an estimate of the ensemble size required for a particle filter before its implementation. Finally, the improved performance of particle filters with the optimal proposal, relative to those using the standard proposal, in the same low-dimensional system is demonstrated. C1 [Slivinski, Laura] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Snyder, Chris] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Slivinski, Laura] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Slivinski, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Slivinski, L (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, R PSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM laura.slivinski@noaa.gov FU NSF [DMS-0907904, DMS-1148284]; ONR through DOD (MURI) [N000141110087]; NCAR's Advanced Study Program FX Slivinski was supported by the NSF through Grants DMS-0907904 and DMS-1148284, by ONR through DOD (MURI) Grant N000141110087, and by NCAR's Advanced Study Program during a collaborative visit to NCAR. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 144 IS 3 BP 861 EP 875 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00303.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6PL UT WOS:000371477600002 ER PT J AU Duell, RS Van Den Broeke, MS AF Duell, Rebecca S. Van Den Broeke, Matthew S. TI Climatology, Synoptic Conditions, and Misanalyses of Mississippi River Valley Drylines SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Mesoscale forecasting; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Forecasting; Mesoscale processes; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Drylines; Operational forecasting ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; 3-4 APRIL 1974; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; SUPER OUTBREAK; LEE TROUGH; VARIABILITY; CONVECTION; REANALYSIS AB The dryline is an important focal point for convection initiation. Although drylines most commonly occur on the southern Great Plains, dryline passages and subsequent severe weather outbreaks have been documented in the Mississippi River valley. This study presents a 15-yr (1999-2013) climatology of these Mississippi River valley drylines and associated severe weather. Additionally, synoptic patterns are identified that may result in drylines moving atypically far eastward into the Mississippi River valley. In total, 39 Mississippi River valley drylines (hereafter referred to as MRV drylines) were identified from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) dataset through the study period. Mean and anomaly synoptic composites were created for these drylines. MRV dryline events typically occur under synoptically active conditions with an amplified upper-air pattern, a 500-hPa shortwave trough to the west or northwest of the dryline, and a strong surface cyclone to the north. These boundaries are often misanalyzed or inconsistently analyzed as cold fronts, stationary fronts, or trough axes on surface maps; of the 33 cases of identified MRV drylines for which the Weather Prediction Center archived analyses were available, only 6 were correctly analyzed as drylines. Drylines moving into the Mississippi River valley often result in severe weather outbreaks in the Mississippi River valley, the Midwest, and the southeastern United States. C1 [Duell, Rebecca S.; Van Den Broeke, Matthew S.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Duell, RS (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage Forecast Off, 6930 Sand Lake Rd, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA. EM rebecca.duell@noaa.gov FU research assistantship at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln FX The lead author was supported by a research assistantship at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and the coauthor was supported by an academic appointment. Drs. Adam Houston and Mark Anderson provided helpful guidance and insight throughout the project. Dr. David Schultz, Phil Bergmaier, and an anonymous reviewer provided reviews that substantially strengthened the manuscript. The Air Resources Lab (www.arl.noaa.gov) is acknowledged for providing HYSPLIT trajectories. The University of Wyoming provided archived upper-air observations (http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html). WeatherScope software from the Oklahoma Climatological Survey (https://www.mesonet.org/index.php/weather/weatherscope) was used to generate plots of historic surface data (Figs. 8-10). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 144 IS 3 BP 927 EP 943 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0108.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6PP UT WOS:000371478100001 ER PT J AU Neiman, PJ Moore, BJ White, AB Wick, GA Aikins, J Jackson, DL Spackman, JR Ralph, FM AF Neiman, Paul J. Moore, Benjamin J. White, Allen B. Wick, Gary A. Aikins, Joshua Jackson, Darren L. Spackman, J. Ryan Ralph, F. Martin TI An Airborne and Ground-Based Study of a Long-Lived and Intense Atmospheric River with Mesoscale Frontal Waves Impacting California during CalWater-2014 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Mesoscale processes; Precipitation; Orographic effects; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Dropsondes; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Coastal meteorology; Radars/Radar observations; Observational techniques and algorithms; Circulation/ Dynamics ID TROPICAL MOISTURE EXPORTS; LANDFALLING WINTER STORM; SIERRA-NEVADA MOUNTAINS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; WEST-COAST; PRECIPITATION IMPACTS; MELTING LAYER; PACIFIC-OCEAN; BARRIER JETS; CALJET AB The wettest period during the CalWater-2014 winter field campaign occurred with a long-lived, intense atmospheric river (AR) that impacted California on 7-10 February. The AR was maintained in conjunction with the development and propagation of three successive mesoscale frontal waves. Based on Lagrangian trajectory analysis, moist air of tropical origin was tapped by the AR and was subsequently transported into California. Widespread heavy precipitation (200-400 mm) fell across the coastal mountain ranges northwest of San Francisco and across the northern Sierra Nevada, although only modest flooding ensued due to anomalously dry antecedent conditions. A NOAA G-IV aircraft flew through two of the frontal waves in the AR environment offshore during a ~24-h period. Parallel dropsonde curtains documented key three-dimensional thermodynamic and kinematic characteristics across the AR and the frontal waves prior to landfall. The AR characteristics varied, depending on the location of the cross section through the frontal waves. A newly implemented tail-mounted Doppler radar on the G-IV simultaneously captured coherent precipitation features. Along the coast, a 449-MHz wind profiler and collocated global positioning system (GPS) receiver documented prolonged AR conditions linked to the propagation of the three frontal waves and highlighted the orographic character of the coastal-mountain rainfall with the waves' landfall. A vertically pointing S-PROF radar in the coastal mountains provided detailed information on the bulk microphysical characteristics of the rainfall. Farther inland, a pair of 915-MHz wind profilers and GPS receivers quantified the orographic precipitation forcing as the AR ascended the Sierra Nevada, and as the terrain-induced Sierra barrier jet ascended the northern terminus of California's Central Valley. C1 [Neiman, Paul J.; White, Allen B.; Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Mail Code R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Moore, Benjamin J.] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Aikins, Joshua; Jackson, Darren L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Aikins, Joshua; Jackson, Darren L.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Spackman, J. Ryan] NOAA, Sci & Technol Corp, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ralph, F. Martin] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Neiman, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Mail Code R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.j.neiman@noaa.gov NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 144 IS 3 BP 1115 EP 1144 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0319.1 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6PY UT WOS:000371479200005 ER PT J AU Shin, HH Dudhia, J AF Shin, Hyeyum Hailey Dudhia, Jimy TI Evaluation of PBL Parameterizations in WRF at Subkilometer Grid Spacings: Turbulence Statistics in the Dry Convective Boundary Layer SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Models and modeling; Subgrid-scale processes; Subgrid-scale processes; Boundary layer; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Parameterization; Circulation/ Dynamics; Numerical weather prediction/forecasting; Forecasting; Turbulence ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; GRAY-ZONE RESOLUTIONS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TERRA-INCOGNITA; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; MIXED LAYERS; REPRESENTATION; SENSITIVITY; SCHEMES AB Planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations in mesoscale models have been developed for horizontal resolutions that cannot resolve any turbulence in the PBL, and evaluation of these parameterizations has been focused on profiles of mean and parameterized flux. Meanwhile, the recent increase in computing power has been allowing numerical weather prediction (NWP) at horizontal grid spacings finer than 1 km, at which kilometer-scale large eddies in the convective PBL are partly resolvable. This study evaluates the performance of convective PBL parameterizations in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model at subkilometer grid spacings. The evaluation focuses on resolved turbulence statistics, considering expectations for improvement in the resolved fields by using the fine meshes. The parameterizations include four nonlocal schemes-Yonsei University (YSU), asymmetric convective model 2 (ACM2), eddy diffusivity mass flux (EDMF), and total energy mass flux (TEMF)-and one local scheme, the Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN) level-2.5 model. Key findings are as follows: 1) None of the PBL schemes is scale-aware. Instead, each has its own best performing resolution in parameterizing subgrid-scale (SGS) vertical transport and resolving eddies, and the resolution appears to be different between heat and momentum. 2) All the selected schemes reproduce total vertical heat transport well, as resolved transport compensates differences of the parameterized SGS transport from the reference SGS transport. This interaction between the resolved and SGS parts is not found in momentum. 3) Those schemes that more accurately reproduce one feature (e.g., thermodynamic transport, momentum transport, energy spectrum, or probability density function of resolved vertical velocity) do not necessarily perform well for other aspects. C1 [Shin, Hyeyum Hailey; Dudhia, Jimy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Shin, HH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM hyeyum.shin@noaa.gov RI Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008 OI Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Advanced Study Program (ASP) at NCAR FX We gratefully acknowledge Peggy LeMone at NCAR whose thorough review greatly improved the manuscript, and three anonymous reviewers for providing careful and valuable comments and giving us advice on model sensitivity tests. We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL), sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The first author also thanks the Advanced Study Program (ASP) at NCAR for postdoctoral support. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 144 IS 3 BP 1161 EP 1177 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0208.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6PY UT WOS:000371479200007 ER PT J AU Bittle, EG Basham, JI Jackson, TN Jurchescu, OD Gundlach, DJ AF Bittle, Emily G. Basham, James I. Jackson, Thomas N. Jurchescu, Oana D. Gundlach, David J. TI Mobility overestimation due to gated contacts in organic field-effect transistors SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; PERFORMANCE; CHARGE; COPOLYMERS; INTERFACE AB Parameters used to describe the electrical properties of organic field-effect transistors, such as mobility and threshold voltage, are commonly extracted from measured current-voltage characteristics and interpreted by using the classical metal oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor model. However, in recent reports of devices with ultra-high mobility (> 40 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1)), the device characteristics deviate from this idealized model and show an abrupt turn-on in the drain current when measured as a function of gate voltage. In order to investigate this phenomenon, here we report on single crystal rubrene transistors intentionally fabricated to exhibit an abrupt turn-on. We disentangle the channel properties from the contact resistance by using impedance spectroscopy and show that the current in such devices is governed by a gate bias dependence of the contact resistance. As a result, extracted mobility values from d.c. current-voltage characterization are overestimated by one order of magnitude or more. C1 [Bittle, Emily G.; Basham, James I.; Gundlach, David J.] NIST, Div Engn Phys, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bittle, Emily G.; Jurchescu, Oana D.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Basham, James I.; Jackson, Thomas N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 121 Elect Engn East, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. RP Bittle, EG; Gundlach, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn Phys, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Bittle, EG (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM emily.bittle@nist.gov; david.gundlach@nist.gov NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 35 U2 92 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 AR 10908 DI 10.1038/ncomms10908 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG0EQ UT WOS:000371737200001 PM 26961271 ER PT J AU Dong, WH Lin, YL Wright, JS Ming, Y Xie, YY Wang, B Luo, Y Huang, WY Huang, JB Wang, L Tian, LD Peng, YR Xu, FH AF Dong, Wenhao Lin, Yanluan Wright, Jonathon S. Ming, Yi Xie, Yuanyu Wang, Bin Luo, Yong Huang, Wenyu Huang, Jianbin Wang, Lei Tian, Lide Peng, Yiran Xu, Fanghua TI Summer rainfall over the southwestern Tibetan Plateau controlled by deep convection over the Indian subcontinent SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH ASIAN MONSOON; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; WATER; MODEL; REANALYSIS; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS; ORIGIN AB Despite the importance of precipitation and moisture transport over the Tibetan Plateau for glacier mass balance, river runoff and local ecology, changes in these quantities remain highly uncertain and poorly understood. Here we use observational data and model simulations to explore the close relationship between summer rainfall variability over the southwestern Tibetan Plateau (SWTP) and that over central-eastern India (CEI), which exists despite the separation of these two regions by the Himalayas. We show that this relationship is maintained primarily by 'up-and-over' moisture transport, in which hydrometeors and moisture are lifted by convective storms over CEI and the Himalayan foothills and then swept over the SWTP by the mid-tropospheric circulation, rather than by upslope flow over the Himalayas. Sensitivity simulations confirm the importance of up-and-over transport at event scales, and an objective storm classification indicates that this pathway accounts for approximately half of total summer rainfall over the SWTP. C1 [Dong, Wenhao; Lin, Yanluan; Wright, Jonathon S.; Xie, Yuanyu; Wang, Bin; Luo, Yong; Huang, Wenyu; Huang, Jianbin; Peng, Yiran; Xu, Fanghua] Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Room S813,MengMinwei Sci Bldg,Qinghuayuan 1, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Dong, Wenhao; Lin, Yanluan; Wright, Jonathon S.; Xie, Yuanyu; Wang, Bin; Luo, Yong; Huang, Wenyu; Huang, Jianbin; Peng, Yiran; Xu, Fanghua] Tsinghua Univ, Joint Ctr Global Change Studies, Room S813,MengMinwei Sci Bldg,Qinghuayuan 1, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Ming, Yi] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Wang, Bin] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Wang, Lei; Tian, Lide] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Wang, Lei; Tian, Lide] CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Lin, YL (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Room S813,MengMinwei Sci Bldg,Qinghuayuan 1, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.; Lin, YL (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Joint Ctr Global Change Studies, Room S813,MengMinwei Sci Bldg,Qinghuayuan 1, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM yanluan@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Huang, Wenyu/M-7584-2014; OI Huang, Wenyu/0000-0001-9722-5502; Wright, Jonathon/0000-0001-6551-7017 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2013CBA01805, 2014CB441303]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41322001, 41530748]; Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences FX We gratefully acknowledge the APHRODITE, TRMM, GPCP, CMAP, CLAUS, AIRS and ERA-Interim projects for preparing the precipitation, brightness temperature and other atmospheric data, and the associated data repositories (listed in Supplementary Table 2) for providing public access to these data. We further thank the climate modelling groups for producing the model output and making it available. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant 2013CBA01805 and 2014CB441303). L.W. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41322001) and the Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences. L.T. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41530748). NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 AR 10925 DI 10.1038/ncomms10925 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DF9ZG UT WOS:000371720600001 PM 26948491 ER PT J AU Krasting, JP Dunne, JP Stouffer, RJ Hallberg, RW AF Krasting, J. P. Dunne, J. P. Stouffer, R. J. Hallberg, R. W. TI Enhanced Atlantic sea-level rise relative to the Pacific under high carbon emission rates SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; CLIMATE RESPONSE; PART I; OCEAN; HEAT; FORMULATION; SENSITIVITY; DIOXIDE; MODEL AB Thermal expansion of the ocean in response to warming is an important component of historical sea-level rise(1). Observational studies show that the Atlantic and Southern oceans are warming faster than the Pacific Ocean(2-5). Here we present simulations using a numerical atmospheric-ocean general circulation model with an interactive carbon cycle to evaluate the impact of carbon emission rates, ranging from 2 to 25 GtC yr(-1), on basin-scale ocean heat uptake and sea level. For simulations with emission rates greater than 5 GtC yr(-1), sea-level rise is larger in the Atlantic than Pacific Ocean on centennial timescales. This basin-scale asymmetry is related to the shorter flushing timescales and weakening of the overturning circulation in the Atlantic. These factors lead to warmer Atlantic interior waters and greater thermal expansion. In contrast, low emission rates of 2 and 3 GtC yr(-1) will cause relatively larger sea-level rise in the Pacific on millennial timescales. For a given level of cumulative emissions, sea-level rise is largest at low emission rates. We conclude that Atlantic coastal areas may be particularly vulnerable to near-future sea-level rise from present-day high greenhouse gas emission rates. C1 [Krasting, J. P.; Dunne, J. P.; Stouffer, R. J.; Hallberg, R. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Krasting, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM john.krasting@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 210 EP U135 DI 10.1038/NGEO2641 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DF5XX UT WOS:000371427400011 ER PT J AU Plumb, KW Hwang, K Qiu, Y Harriger, LW Granroth, GE Kolesnikov, AI Shu, GJ Chou, FC Ruegg, C Kim, YB Kim, YJ AF Plumb, K. W. Hwang, Kyusung Qiu, Y. Harriger, Leland W. Granroth, G. E. Kolesnikov, Alexander I. Shu, G. J. Chou, F. C. Rueegg, Ch. Kim, Yong Baek Kim, Young-June TI Quasiparticle-continuum level repulsion in a quantum magnet SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPIC SUPEREXCHANGE INTERACTION; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; SPIN LIQUID; SYSTEMS AB When the energy eigenvalues of two coupled quantum states approach each other in a certain parameter space, their energy levels repel each other and level crossing is avoided(1). Such level repulsion, or avoided level crossing, is commonly used to describe the dispersion relation of quasiparticles in solids(2). However, little is known about the level repulsion when more than two quasiparticles are present; for example, in a strongly interacting quantum system where a quasiparticle can spontaneously decay into a many-particle continuum(3-5). Here we show that even in this case level repulsion exists between a long-lived quasiparticle state and a continuum. In our fine-resolution neutron spectroscopy study of magnetic quasiparticles in the frustrated quantum magnet BiCu2PO6, we observe a renormalization of the quasiparticle dispersion relation due to the presence of the continuum of multi-quasiparticle states. C1 [Plumb, K. W.; Hwang, Kyusung; Kim, Yong Baek; Kim, Young-June] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Plumb, K. W.; Hwang, Kyusung; Kim, Yong Baek; Kim, Young-June] Univ Toronto, Ctr Quantum Mat, 100 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Qiu, Y.; Harriger, Leland W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Granroth, G. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Data Anal & Visualizat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kolesnikov, Alexander I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Shu, G. J.; Chou, F. C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Rueegg, Ch.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Neutron Scattering & Imaging, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Rueegg, Ch.] Univ Geneva, Dept Quantum Matter Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Kim, Yong Baek] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Quantum Mat Program, Toronto, ON MSG 1Z8, Canada. RP Kim, YJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.; Kim, YJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Ctr Quantum Mat, 100 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM yjkim@physics.utoronto.ca RI Kim, Young-June /G-7196-2011; Granroth, Garrett/G-3576-2012 OI Kim, Young-June /0000-0002-1172-8895; Granroth, Garrett/0000-0002-7583-8778 FU NSERC of Canada; Canada Foundation for innovation; Canada Research Chairs Program; Centre for Quantum Materials at the University of Toronto; Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Science, US Department of Energy (DOE); National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We would also like to thank G. Uhrig, O. Tchernyshyov and S. K. Kim for helpful discussions. This research was supported by NSERC of Canada, Canada Foundation for innovation, Canada Research Chairs Program, and Centre for Quantum Materials at the University of Toronto. Work at ORNL was sponsored by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Science, US Department of Energy (DOE). Work at NIST utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 12 IS 3 BP 224 EP + DI 10.1038/NPHYS3566 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DF6YT UT WOS:000371505200013 ER PT J AU Samonte, GPB Eisma-Osorio, RL Amolo, R White, A AF Samonte, Giselle P. B. Eisma-Osorio, Rose-Liza Amolo, Rizaller White, Alan TI Economic value of a large marine ecosystem: Danajon double barrier reef, Philippines SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Economic valuation; Inter-governmental cooperation; Marine protected area ID RESOURCES; BOHOL C1 [Samonte, Giselle P. B.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Eisma-Osorio, Rose-Liza; Amolo, Rizaller] Coastal Conservat & Educ Fdn Inc, Cebu, Philippines. [White, Alan] Nature Conservancy, 923 Nuuanu Ave, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Samonte, GPB (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, ERT Inc, 1315 East West Highway,SSMC3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM samonte_g@yahoo.com OI Eisma-Osorio, Rose-Liza/0000-0002-2719-4883 FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Mission to the Philippines [AID-492-A-11-00002] FX The authors express gratitude to financial assistance provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Mission to the Philippines under Cooperative Agreement No. AID-492-A-11-00002. The views expressed and opinions contained in this publication are those of the authors and are not intended as statements of policy of USAID or the authors' parent organization. The authors also thank all local government and community participants in the Danajon Bank area who participated in the survey used to gather the information essential for this study. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 122 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.01.001 PG 11 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA DF7RU UT WOS:000371556100002 ER PT J AU Le Henaff, M Kourafalou, V AF Le Henaff, Matthieu Kourafalou, Vassiliki H. TI Mississippi waters reaching South Florida reefs under no flood conditions: synthesis of observing and modeling system findings SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Mexico; Mississippi River; Florida Straits; Connectivity; Data assimilation ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; COORDINATE OCEAN MODEL; LOW-SALINITY WATERS; VERTICAL COORDINATE; SHELF CIRCULATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; RIVER FLOOD; TRANSPORT; IMPACT; SIMULATIONS AB In August 2014, in situ measurements revealed an intense salinity drop impacting South Florida coral reefs, between Pulley Ridge (Southwest Florida Shelf) and the Florida Keys. The low salinity waters had a surface signal of 32 (down from 35.2) and extended over a 15-20-m deep lens. Satellite observations showed that this abrupt drop in salinity was due to a southeastward export of Mississippi River waters from the Northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM), revealing strong interaction between coastal and oceanic flows. Unlike previous events of marked long-distance Mississippi water export, this episode is not associated with Mississippi flooding conditions, which makes it a unique study case. We have developed a high-resolution (similar to 2 km) comprehensive hydrodynamic numerical model of the GoM to study the conditions that controlled the 2014 Mississippi River water export episode. It is based on the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and assimilates remotely sensed altimetry and sea surface temperature observations, to ensure that the simulated upper-ocean is realistic. This regional model has a detailed representation of coastal physics (especially river plume dynamics) and employs high-frequency river discharge and atmospheric forcing. The combined use of the simulation and observations reveals a unique pathway that brought Mississippi waters first eastward along the Northern GoM continental shelf, under prevailing winds and the presence of an anticyclonic Loop Current eddy, then southward along the edge of the West Florida Shelf, before reaching the deep GoM. Unlike usually observed, the offshore advection of Mississippi River waters thus took place far from the Delta area, which is another specificity of the 2014 episode. Finally, in the Florida Straits, Mississippi waters were advected from the deep ocean to the continental shelf under the influence of both deep sea (particularly a cyclonic Loop Current frontal eddy) and shelf flows (wind-induced Ekman transport). The simulation, in tandem with data, thus helped analyze processes that are likely to affect the connectivity between reefs in the southern Florida region (Florida Keys, Dry Tortugas, Pulley Ridge) and remote areas (Mississippi Delta), as well as the local connectivity between neighboring reefs. C1 [Le Henaff, Matthieu] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Le Henaff, Matthieu] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kourafalou, Vassiliki H.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Le Henaff, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Le Henaff, M (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mlehenaff@rsmas.miami.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA11NOS4780045, NA10OAR4320143, NA12OAR4310073]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX This paper is a result of research funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (awards NA11NOS4780045, NA10OAR4320143, and NA12OAR4310073). M. Le Henaff received partial support for this work from the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The MODIS/Aqua satellite images of chlorophyll-a were provided by the Optical Oceanography Lab of USF/CMS (University of South Florida/College of Marine Science). The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO (http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/duacs/), with support from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). MDT_CNES-CLS13 was produced by the Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS) Space Oceanography Division and distributed by AVISO (http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/), with support from CNES. The SMOS L4 data were obtained from the Ocean Salinity Expertise Center (CECOS) of the CNES-IFREMER Centre Aval de Traitemenent des Donnees SMOS (CATDS), at IFREMER, Plouzane (France). The authors would like to thank the crew and scientists on board the R/V Walton Smith during the Pulley Ridge project cruise (August 13-28, 2014), for collecting and providing in situ data; in particular, the water column salinity vertical profiles using DPI were provided by R. K. Cowen (Oregon State University). The bathymetry used in the 1/50 degrees GoM-HYCOM reanalysis simulation was derived by P. Velissariou (COAPS, Florida State University). Finally, the authors wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive remarks. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 66 IS 3 BP 435 EP 459 DI 10.1007/s10236-016-0932-4 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DF8UR UT WOS:000371635900009 ER PT J AU Oxtoby, LE Mathis, JT Juranek, LW Wooller, MJ AF Oxtoby, L. E. Mathis, J. T. Juranek, L. W. Wooller, M. J. TI Estimating stable carbon isotope values of microphytobenthos in the Arctic for application to food web studies SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC); Microphytobenthos; Stable carbon isotope fractionation; Beaufort Sea; Chukchi Sea ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; CHUKCHI SEA; BENTHIC MICROALGAE; BEAUFORT SEA; FATTY-ACID; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; DELTA-N-15 ANALYSIS; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; MARINE DIATOM AB Most studies on Arctic food webs have neglected microphytobenthos as a potential food source because we currently lack robust measurements of delta C-13 values for microphytobenthos from this environment. As a result, the role of microphytobenthos in high latitude marine food webs is not well understood. We combined field measurements of the concentration of aqueous carbon dioxide and the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (delta C-13(DIC)) from bottom water in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas with a set of stable carbon isotopic fractionation factors reflecting differences in algal taxonomy and physiology to estimate the stable carbon isotope composition of microphytobenthos-derived total organic carbon (delta C-13(p)). The delta C-13(p) for Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a pennate diatom likely to be a dominant microphytobenthos taxon, was estimated to be -23.9 +/- A 0.4 aEuro degrees as compared to a centric diatom (Porosira glacialis, delta C-13(p) = -20.0 +/- A 1.6 aEuro degrees) and a marine haptophyte (Emiliana huxleyi, delta C-13(p) = -22.7 +/- A 0.5 aEuro degrees) at a growth rate (A mu) of 0.1 divisions per day (d(-1)). delta C-13(p) values increased by similar to 2.5 aEuro degrees when A mu increased from 0.1 to a maximum growth rate of 1.4 d(-1). We compared our estimates of delta C-13(p) values for microphytobenthos with published measurements for other carbon sources in the Arctic and sub-Arctic. We found that microphytobenthos values overlapped with pelagic sources, yet differed from riverine and ice-derived carbon sources. These model results provide valuable insight into the range of possible isotopic values for microphytobenthos from this region, but we remain cautious in regard to the conclusiveness of these findings given the paucity of field measurements currently available for model validation. C1 [Oxtoby, L. E.; Wooller, M. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 905 N Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Oxtoby, L. E.; Wooller, M. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Alaska Stable Isotope Facil, 306 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mathis, J. T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mathis, J. T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, 905 N Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Juranek, L. W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 CEOAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Oxtoby, LE (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 905 N Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Oxtoby, LE (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Alaska Stable Isotope Facil, 306 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM leoxtoby@alaska.edu OI Wooller, Matthew/0000-0002-5065-4235 FU "An interdisciplinary monitoring mooring in the western Arctic boundary current: Climatic forcing and ecosystem response" (Arctic Observing Network NSF Award) [0856244]; NSF [ARC-0902177] FX This research was funded as part of "An interdisciplinary monitoring mooring in the western Arctic boundary current: Climatic forcing and ecosystem response" (Arctic Observing Network NSF Award #0856244) and NSF Award # ARC-0902177. This paper comprises part of Laura Oxtoby's PhD thesis research. We are indebted to the crew of the US Coast Guard Cutter Healy for assistance with sample collection. We thank Jessica Cross, Claudine Hauri, and Stacey Reisdorph for field measurements of carbon parameters. We also thank Andrew Ross, Oregon State University Stable Isotope Laboratory, for conducting sample analysis. Katrin Iken, Shiway Wang, Kyungcheol Choy, and Benjamin Gaglioti provided thoughtful commentary on the manuscript prior to submission. We are grateful to the editor (Dr. Piepenburg) and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on our original manuscript. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 3 BP 473 EP 483 DI 10.1007/s00300-015-1800-2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF8WD UT WOS:000371640300005 ER PT J AU Riginella, E Mazzoldi, C Ashford, J Jones, CD Morgan, C La Mesa, M AF Riginella, Emilio Mazzoldi, Carlotta Ashford, Julian Jones, Christopher D. Morgan, Christina La Mesa, Mario TI Life history strategies of the Scotia Sea icefish, Chaenocephalus aceratus, along the Southern Scotia Ridge SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reproduction; Age structure; Chaenocephalus aceratus; Channichthyidae; Connectivity; Source-sink populations ID TERRA-NOVA BAY; SHETLAND ISLANDS; FISH STOCKS; ROSS SEA; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; AGE-DETERMINATION; ELEPHANT ISLAND; ARC REGION; OCEAN AB Reproductive capacity can influence distribution and abundance over large spatial scales through larval dispersal, even when adult stages remain isolated following settlement. We examined size distribution, reproductive traits and age structure in Scotia Sea icefish, Chaenocephalus aceratus, an abundant benthic species with a long larval pelagic phase found on continental shelves along the Southern Scotia Ridge. In particular, we compared life history strategies between fish caught during surveys undertaken off the South Orkney Islands (SOI) and South Shetland Islands (SSI). Results corroborated regional separation after settlement and suggested distinct life history strategies, in which fish from SOI invested much less in reproduction, and somewhat more in somatic growth earlier in their life history. Compared to SSI, body weight increased faster with length and absolute fecundity was 46 % lower and increased more slowly with size for SOI population. In addition, the proportion of spawning cohorts and L (a) was lower and k higher for SOI. The differences appeared to be a phenotypic response to environmental conditions related to regional hydrography. Lower reproductive capacity around the SOI, and strong eastward flow in the large-scale circulation, suggests that the SSI may be more important in influencing distributions and abundance of icefish along the Southern Scotia Ridge. C1 [Riginella, Emilio; Mazzoldi, Carlotta] Univ Padua, Dept Biol, Padua, Italy. [Riginella, Emilio; La Mesa, Mario] UOS Ancona, CNR, Inst Marine Sci, Ancona, Italy. [Ashford, Julian; Morgan, Christina] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA USA. [Jones, Christopher D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP La Mesa, M (reprint author), UOS Ancona, CNR, Inst Marine Sci, Ancona, Italy. EM m.lamesa@ismar.cnr.it FU Italian National Program for Antarctic Research (PNRA); MIUR (Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca); United States National Science Foundation [NSF-OPP-0338294]; NOAA Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program FX We thank the Alfred Wegener Institut fur Polar-und Meeresforschung that provided us the opportunity to collect samples during ANT-XXVIII/4 2012 Polarstern cruise. A special thank goes to C. Papetti for helping in the gonad and otolith collection of the Scotia Sea icefish. We thank all the scientific staff, crew members and personnel aboard the RV Polarstern, for their essential support in sampling activities. We thank the crew and scientific team aboard the Yuzhmorgeologiya. Finally, we are grateful to two anonymous referees and to Karl-Hermann Kock, whose suggestions greatly improved the early draft of the manuscript. This research was supported by the Italian National Program for Antarctic Research (PNRA) to MLM and MIUR (Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca) to CM; by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF-OPP-0338294) and NOAA Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program to JRA. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 3 BP 497 EP 509 DI 10.1007/s00300-015-1802-0 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF8WD UT WOS:000371640300007 ER PT J AU Collie, JS Botsford, LW Hastings, A Kaplan, IC Largier, JL Livingston, PA Plaganyi, E Rose, KA Wells, BK Werner, FE AF Collie, Jeremy S. Botsford, Louis W. Hastings, Alan Kaplan, Isaac C. Largier, John L. Livingston, Patricia A. Plaganyi, Eva Rose, Kenneth A. Wells, Brian K. Werner, Francisco E. TI Ecosystem models for fisheries management: finding the sweet spot SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE ecosystem-based management; fisheries; marine; model complexity; trade-off ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; SINGLE-SPECIES MODELS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; AT-AGE MODEL; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC SARDINE; CALIFORNIA CURRENT AB The advent of an ecosystem-based approach dramatically expanded the scope of fisheries management, creating a critical need for new kinds of data and quantitative approaches that could be integrated into the management system. Ecosystem models are needed to codify the relationships among drivers, pressures and resulting states, and to quantify the trade-offs between conflicting objectives. Incorporating ecosystem considerations requires moving from the single-species models used in stock assessments, to more complex models that include species interactions, environmental drivers and human consequences. With this increasing model complexity, model fit can improve, but parameter uncertainty increases. At intermediate levels of complexity, there is a sweet spot' at which the uncertainty in policy indicators is at a minimum. Finding the sweet spot in models requires compromises: for example, to include additional component species, the models of each species have in some cases been simplified from age-structured to logistic or bioenergetic models. In this paper, we illuminate the characteristics, capabilities and short-comings of the various modelling approaches being proposed for ecosystem-based fisheries management. We identify key ecosystem needs in fisheries management and indicate which types of models can meet these needs. Ecosystem models have been playing strategic roles by providing an ecosystem context for single-species management decisions. However, conventional stock assessments are being increasingly challenged by changing natural mortality rates and environmentally driven changes in productivity that are observed in many fish stocks. Thus, there is a need for more tactical ecosystem models that can respond dynamically to changing ecological and environmental conditions. C1 [Collie, Jeremy S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Botsford, Louis W.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hastings, Alan] Univ Calif Davis, Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kaplan, Isaac C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Largier, John L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Livingston, Patricia A.] NOAA, Fisheries Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Plaganyi, Eva] CSIRO, Wealth Oceans Flagship, POB 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wells, Brian K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Werner, Francisco E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Collie, JS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM jcollie@mail.uri.edu RI Plaganyi, Eva/C-5130-2011 OI Plaganyi, Eva/0000-0002-4740-4200 FU GLOBEC FX This article resulted from a workshop on Quantitative Approaches to Ecosystem Assessment, hosted by the Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute at UC Davis. The workshop was funded by GLOBEC and held at Bodega Bay, CA on 2-4 May 2012. It also benefited from discussions with members of the Ecosystem Science and Management Working Group and participants in an 'Ecosystem Outputs' workshop in Woods Hole on 30-31 July 2013. Tessa Francis and Iris Gray assisted with the figures. We thank Michael Fogarty, Marie-Joelle Rochet and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts. US GLOBEC Contribution Number 748. NR 149 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 18 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 101 EP 125 DI 10.1111/faf.12093 PG 25 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF3JU UT WOS:000371240900005 ER PT J AU Melnychuk, MC Essington, TE Branch, TA Heppell, SS Jensen, OP Link, JS Martell, SJD Parma, AM Smith, ADM AF Melnychuk, Michael C. Essington, Timothy E. Branch, Trevor A. Heppell, Selina S. Jensen, Olaf P. Link, Jason S. Martell, Steven J. D. Parma, Ana M. Smith, Anthony D. M. TI Which design elements of individual quota fisheries help to achieve management objectives? SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Fisheries management; ITQ; marine conservation; maximum sustainable yield; property rights; random forests ID TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; MARINE FISHERIES; PROPERTY-RIGHTS; RANDOM FORESTS; CATCH SHARES; ITQS; INCENTIVES; POLICY; EXPERIENCE; SYSTEMS AB Individual quota (IQ) management systems in commercial marine fisheries are highly diverse, differing in the security, durability and exclusivity of the harvesting privilege and the transferability of quota units. This diversity in the degree of harvest rights may influence the effectiveness of IQ fisheries to meet management objectives. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 167 stocks managed under IQs to test whether the strength of harvest rights impacts the conservation status of stocks in terms of catch, exploitation rate and biomass relative to management targets. We used non-parametric methods to assess non-linear relationships and linear regression models to explicitly consider interactions among predictors. Most IQ fisheries consistently met fleet-wide quota limits (94% of stocks had recent catches below or within 10% of quotas), but only 2/3 of IQ fisheries adhered to sustainable management targets for biomass and exploitation rate (68% of stocks had exploitation rates below or within 10% of targets and 63% of stocks had biomass above or within 10% of biomass targets). Strikingly, when exclusivity of the harvesting privilege was low, exploitation rates depended on whether IQ implementation was industry-driven (exploitation below targets) or government-mandated (exploitation above targets). At high levels of exclusivity, exploitation rates converged to just below management targets. Transferability of quota units was associated with stock biomass closer to and slightly above target levels than stocks with non-transferable quota. However, regional differences had the strongest effect on biomass, suggesting that other management or biological attributes of regional fishery systems have greater influence on marine populations. C1 [Melnychuk, Michael C.; Essington, Timothy E.; Branch, Trevor A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Martell, Steven J. D.] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, 300-2320 W Commodore Way, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Smith, Anthony D. M.] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Melnychuk, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mmel@uw.edu FU Lenfest Oceans Program; NSF/NOAA CAMEO grant; NSERC Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship FX The following individuals graciously contributed IQ attribute information and/or time-series data for our analyses: U.S. - Alaska/west coast: John DeVore (PFMC), Jane DiCosimo, Diana Stram, Jeannie Heltzel, Mark Fina (NPFMC), Jim Ianelli, Ian Stewart (NOAA), Steven Hare (IPHC) and Dan Waldeck; U.S. - north-east/mid-Atlantic coast: Dvora Hart (NOAA), Deirdre Boelke, Jessica Melgey (NEFMC) and Tom Hoff (MAFMC); Canada - west coast: Adam Keizer, Barry Ackerman, Wan Li Ou, Tameezan Karim, Rob Tadey, Pauline Ridings, Juanita Rogers, Jake Schweigert, Erin Wylie, John Davidson, Greg Workman, Jackie King, Andy Edwards, Rob Kronlund, Lynne Yamanaka, Robyn Forrest, Nathan Taylor (DFO), Michelle James (UHA) and Bruce Turris (PFM); Canada - east coast: Paul Cahill, Verna Docherty, Jorgen Hansen, David Coffin, Monique Baker, Don Ball, Heather Bishop, Jennifer Buie, Steve Campana, Ghislain Chouinard, Janet Conlin, Pierre Couillard, Alain Frechet, Julien Gaudette, Chris Hendry, Peter Koeller, Marc LeCouffre, Luc Legere, Dario Lemelin, Brian Lester, Claire MacDonald, Bernard Morin, Mikio Moriyasu, Douglas Pezzack, Dale Roddick, Annette Rumbolt, Tim Siferd, Jim Simon, Stephen Smith, Greg Stevens, Heath Stone, Christa Waters (DFO) and Ricardo Federizon (NAFO); Europe: Johann Sigurjonsson (MRI), Gerald van Balsfoort (PFA), Joe Horwood (CEFAS), Barrie Deas (NFF), Antoinne LeGarrec (EURONOR), Christian Olesen (DPP), Michael Anderson (DFA), Marc Welvaert (DLV), Peter Breckling (DFV) and Neil Holdsworth (ICES); Australia: Cathy Dichmont, Neil Klaer, Geoff Tuck, Sally Wayte (CSIRO), Steve Auld, Shane Gaddes, Sharon Koh, Sally Weekes (AFMA), Bruce Taylor (DPI-Victoria), Kelly Crosthwaite, Tim Ward (PIRSA) and Caleb Gardner (U. Tasmania); New Zealand: David Foster (MFish), Daryl Sykes (NZR-LIC) and George Clement; Argentina: Jorge Hansen, Analia Giussi and Marta Renzi (INIDEP); and South Africa: Anabela Brandao, Doug Butterworth, Susan Halloway, Susan Johnston, Carryn de Moor, Rebecca Rademeyer (U. Cape Town), Genevieve Maharaj (MCM), Roy Bross (Hake Deep Sea Trawling) and Awie Badenhorst (SAPFIA). We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments as well as Carl Walters and Doug Butterworth for helpful discussions. Funding was provided by the Lenfest Oceans Program, a NSF/NOAA CAMEO grant and a NSERC Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship. We also thank John Pope for his participation throughout the project. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 126 EP 142 DI 10.1111/faf.12094 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF3JU UT WOS:000371240900006 ER PT J AU Cheruvathur, S Lass, EA Campbell, CE AF Cheruvathur, Sudha Lass, Eric A. Campbell, Carelyn E. TI Additive Manufacturing of 17-4 PH Stainless Steel: Post-processing Heat Treatment to Achieve Uniform Reproducible Microstructure SO JOM LA English DT Article ID MELTED TOOL STEELS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RETAINED AUSTENITE; BEHAVIOR AB 17-4 precipitation hardenable (PH) stainless steel is a useful material when a combination of high strength and good corrosion resistance up to about 315A degrees C is required. In the wrought form, this steel has a fully martensitic structure that can be strengthened by precipitation of fine Cu-rich face-centered cubic phase upon aging. When fabricated via additive manufacturing (AM), specifically laser powder-bed fusion, 17-4 PH steel exhibits a dendritic structure containing a substantial fraction of nearly 50% of retained austenite along with body centered cubic/martensite and fine niobium carbides preferentially aligned along interdendritic boundaries. The effect of post-build thermal processing on the material microstructure is studied in comparison to that of conventionally produced wrought 17-4 PH with the intention of creating a more uniform, fully martensitic microstructure. The recommended stress relief heat treatment currently employed in industry for post-processing of AM 17-4 PH steel is found to have little effect on the as-built dendritic microstructure. It is found that, by implementing the recommended homogenization heat treatment regimen of Aerospace Materials Specification 5355 for CB7Cu-1, a casting alloy analog to 17-4 PH, the dendritic solidification structure is eliminated, resulting in a microstructure containing about 90% martensite with 10% retained austenite. C1 [Cheruvathur, Sudha; Lass, Eric A.; Campbell, Carelyn E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lass, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.lass@nist.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2016 VL 68 IS 3 BP 930 EP 942 DI 10.1007/s11837-015-1754-4 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA DF4BK UT WOS:000371292100028 ER PT J AU Idell, Y Levine, LE Allen, AJ Zhang, F Campbell, CE Olson, GB Gong, J Snyder, DR Deutchman, HZ AF Idell, Y. Levine, L. E. Allen, A. J. Zhang, F. Campbell, C. E. Olson, G. B. Gong, J. Snyder, D. R. Deutchman, H. Z. TI Unexpected delta-Phase Formation in Additive-Manufactured Ni-Based Superalloy SO JOM LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; ELECTRON-BEAM WELDS; PRECIPITATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; INCONEL-718; INSTRUMENT; COPPER AB An as-built and solutionized Ni-based superalloy built by additive manufacturing through a direct metal laser sintering technique is characterized to understand the microstructural differences as compared to the as-wrought alloy. Initially, each layer undergoes rapid solidification as it is melted by the laser; however, as the part is built, the underlying layers experience a variety of heating and cooling cycles that produce significant microsegregation of niobium which allows for the formation of the deleterious delta-phase. The as-built microstructure was characterized through Vickers hardness, optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electron back-scattering diffraction, x-ray diffraction, and synchrotron x-ray microLaue diffraction. The isothermal formation and growth of the delta-phase were characterized using synchrotron-based in situ small angle and wide angle x-ray scattering experiments. These experimental results are compared with multicomponent diffusion simulations that predict the phase fraction and composition. The high residual stresses and unexpected formation of the delta-phase will require further annealing treatments to be designed so as to remove these deficiencies and obtain an optimized microstructure. C1 [Idell, Y.; Levine, L. E.; Allen, A. J.; Zhang, F.; Campbell, C. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Olson, G. B.; Gong, J.; Snyder, D. R.] QuesTek Innovat LLC, Evanston, IL USA. [Deutchman, H. Z.] Honeywell Int, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Idell, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jonathan.idell@nist.gov OI Idell, Yaakov/0000-0002-4557-8653 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CG11357]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [HROO 11-12-C-0037] FX The use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CG11357. Research performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. This material is based upon work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under Contract No. HROO 11-12-C-0037. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 21 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2016 VL 68 IS 3 BP 950 EP 959 DI 10.1007/s11837-015-1772-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA DF4BK UT WOS:000371292100030 ER PT J AU Solman, SA Orlanski, I AF Solman, Silvina A. Orlanski, Isidoro TI Climate Change over the Extratropical Southern Hemisphere: The Tale from an Ensemble of Reanalysis Datasets SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Variability; Models and modeling; Extratropical cyclones; Circulation/ Dynamics; Precipitation; Large-scale motions; Reanalysis data; Observational techniques and algorithms; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Trends; Databases ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; TRENDS; CYCLE AB In this study, a set of five reanalysis datasets [ERA-Interim, NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R2), MERRA, the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR), and the CFS Reanalysis (CFSR)] is used to provide a robust estimation of precipitation change in the middle-to-high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere during the last three decades. Based on several metrics accounting for the eddy activity and moisture availability, an attempt is also made to identify the dynamical mechanisms triggering these changes during extended summer and winter seasons. To that aim, a weighted reanalysis ensemble is built using the inverse of the variance as weighting factors for each variable. Results showed that the weighted reanalysis ensemble reproduced the observed precipitation changes at high and middle latitudes during the two seasons, as depicted by the GPCP dataset. For the extended summer season, precipitation changes were dynamically consistent with changes in the eddy activity, attributed mostly to ozone depletion. For the extended winter season, the eddy activity and moisture availability both contributed to the precipitation changes, with the increased concentration of greenhouse gases being the main driver of the climate change signal. In addition, output from a five-member ensemble of the high-resolution GFDL CM2.5 for the period 1979-2010 was used in order to explore the capability of the model in reproducing both the observed precipitation change and the underlying dynamical mechanisms. The model was able to capture the rainfall change signal. However, the increased availability of moisture from the lower levels controls the precipitation change during both summer and winter. C1 [Solman, Silvina A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Ctr Invest Mar & Atmosfera, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Solman, Silvina A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Orlanski, Isidoro] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Solman, SA (reprint author), CIMA CONICET UBA, Ciudad Univ,Pabellon 2,2do Piso,C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM solman@cima.fcen.uba.ar FU CONICET [PIP 112-201101-00189]; Raices Programme from MINCYT; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce; [FONCyT-PICT-2012-1972]; [UBACYT2014 20020130200233BA] FX The authors are grateful to Ronald Stouffer for insightful comments on the manuscript and Fanrong Zeng for providing data from GFDL models. This work has been supported by the grants FONCyT-PICT-2012-1972, CONICET PIP 112-201101-00189, and UBACYT2014 20020130200233BA, Raices Programme from MINCYT, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors acknowledge downloading the following datasets: NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis, GPCP, and CMAP data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, from their website (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/). The authors also thank the three anonymous reviewers for their very useful comments and suggestions, which greatly contributed to improve the manuscript. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1673 EP 1687 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0588.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF4ET UT WOS:000371301300002 ER PT J AU Lopez, H Dong, SF Lee, SK Goni, G AF Lopez, Hosmay Dong, Shenfu Lee, Sang-Ki Goni, Gustavo TI Decadal Modulations of Interhemispheric Global Atmospheric Circulations and Monsoons by the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Decadal variability; Variability; Hadley circulation; Meridional overturning circulation; General circulation models; Models and modeling; Circulation/ Dynamics ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; DELAYED OSCILLATOR; TROPICAL RESPONSE; CLIMATE SYSTEM AB This study presents a physical mechanism on how low-frequency variability of the South Atlantic meridional heat transport (SAMHT) may influence decadal variability of atmospheric circulation. A multicentury simulation of a coupled general circulation model is used as basis for the analysis. The highlight of the findings herein is that multidecadal variability of SAMHT plays a key role in modulating global atmospheric circulation via its influence on interhemispheric redistributions of momentum, heat, and moisture. Weaker SAMHT at 30 degrees S produces anomalous ocean heat divergence over the South Atlantic, resulting in negative ocean heat content anomalies about 15-20 years later. This forces a thermally direct anomalous interhemispheric Hadley circulation, transporting anomalous atmospheric heat from the Northern Hemisphere (NH) to the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and moisture from the SH to the NH, thereby modulating global monsoons. Further analysis shows that anomalous atmospheric eddies transport heat northward in both hemispheres, producing eddy heat flux convergence (divergence) in the NH (SH) around 15 degrees-30 degrees, reinforcing the anomalous Hadley circulation. The effect of eddies on the NH (SH) poleward of 30 degrees depicts heat flux divergence (convergence), which must be balanced by sinking (rising) motion, consistent with a poleward (equatorward) displacement of the jet stream. This study illustrates that decadal variations of SAMHT could modulate the strength of global monsoons with 15-20 years of lead time, suggesting that SAMHT is a potential predictor of global monsoon variability. A similar mechanistic link exists between the North Atlantic meridional heat transport (NAMHT) at 30 degrees N and global monsoons. C1 [Lopez, Hosmay; Dong, Shenfu; Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Lopez, Hosmay; Dong, Shenfu; Lee, Sang-Ki; Goni, Gustavo] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lopez, H (reprint author), UM CIMAS RSMAS, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Lopez, H (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, PHOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM hlopez@rsmas.miami.edu RI Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013; Lopez, Hosmay/M-3278-2015; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 FU Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies; cooperative institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10OAR4320143]; NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; Climate Observations Division of the NOAA/Climate Program Office FX We would like to acknowledge the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. This research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies, a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), cooperative agreement NA10OAR4320143. This work was supported by NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and funded by Climate Observations Division of the NOAA/Climate Program Office. NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1831 EP 1851 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0491.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF4EW UT WOS:000371301600009 ER PT J AU Giglio, D Johnson, GC AF Giglio, Donata Johnson, Gregory C. TI Subantarctic and Polar Fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Southern Ocean Heat and Freshwater Content Variability: A View from Argo*(,+) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Fronts; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Circulation/ Dynamics; Freshwater; Ocean circulation; Variability; Ekman pumping; Oceanic variability; Interannual variability ID ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEA-LEVEL RISE; DRAKE PASSAGE; INTERMEDIATE WATER; INDIAN-OCEAN; GLOBAL OCEAN; PROFILING FLOATS; WEST ANTARCTICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOTTOM WATER AB Argo profiling floats initiated a revolution in observational physical oceanography by providing numerous, high-quality, global, year-round, in situ (0-2000 dbar) temperature and salinity observations. This study uses Argo's unprecedented sampling of the Southern Ocean during 2006-13 to describe the position of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current's Subantarctic and Polar Fronts, comparing and contrasting two different methods for locating fronts using the same dataset. The first method locates three fronts along dynamic height contours, each corresponding to a local maximum in vertically integrated shear. The second approach locates the fronts using specific features in the potential temperature field, following Orsi et al. Results from the analysis of Argo data are compared to those from Orsi et al. and other more recent studies. Argo spatial resolution is not adequate to resolve annual and interannual movements of the fronts on a circumpolar scale since they are on the order of 1 degrees latitude (Kim and Orsi), which is smaller than the resolution of the gridded product analyzed. Argo's four-dimensional coverage of the Southern Ocean equatorward of ~60 degrees S is used to quantify variations in heat and freshwater content there with respect to the time-mean front locations. These variations are described during 2006-13, considering both pressure and potential density ranges (within different water masses) and relations to wind forcing (Ekman upwelling and downwelling). C1 [Giglio, Donata] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Giglio, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dgiglio@uw.edu RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA15OAR4320063]; NOAA Research; NOAA Climate Observations Division FX The Argo data used here were collected and are made freely available by the International Argo Program and by the national programs that contribute to it. The efforts of many international partners in planning and implementing the Argo array are gratefully acknowledged. ECMWF ERA-Interim momentum flux at the ocean-atmosphere interface and SST reanalysis fields used in this study have been obtained from the ECMWF data server. The objectively mapped Argo data were provided by John Gilson. DG was supported through a postdoctoral fellowship by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA15OAR4320063. GCJ is supported by NOAA Research and the NOAA Climate Observations Division. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the Department of Commerce. Thanks to David Ferreira (U. Reading) and Matthew R. Mazloff (SIO) for the discussion about this work. Thanks to the two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable feedback. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 46 IS 3 BP 749 EP 768 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0131.1 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DF6ON UT WOS:000371475200001 ER PT J AU Stoltzfus, A Norris, RW AF Stoltzfus, Arlin Norris, Ryan W. TI On the Causes of Evolutionary Transition: Transversion Bias SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE mutation; transition bias; replacement; substitution bias; mutation bias ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; FITNESS LANDSCAPE; PROTEIN EVOLUTION; MAMMALIAN GENOMES; MUTATION-RATE; RNA VIRUS; GENES; PATTERNS; SPECTRUM; CONSEQUENCES AB A pattern in which nucleotide transitions are favored several fold over transversions is common in molecular evolution. When this pattern occurs among amino acid replacements, explanations often invoke an effect of selection, on the grounds that transitions are more conservative in their effects on proteins. However, the underlying hypothesis of conservative transitions has never been tested directly. Here we assess support for this hypothesis using direct evidence: the fitness effects of mutations in actual proteins measured via individual or paired growth experiments. We assembled data from 8 published studies, ranging in size from 24 to 757 single-nucleotide mutations that change an amino acid. Every study has the statistical power to reveal significant effects of amino acid exchangeability, and most studies have the power to discern a binary conservative-vs-radical distinction. However, only one study suggests that transitions are significantly more conservative than transversions. In the combined set of 1,239 replacements (544 transitions, 695 transversions), the chance that a transition is more conservative than a transversion is 53% (95% confidence interval 50 to 56) compared with the null expectation of 50%. We show that this effect is not large compared with that of most biochemical factors, and is not large enough to explain the several-fold bias observed in evolution. In short, the available data have the power to verify the "conservative transitions" hypothesis if true, but suggest instead that selection on proteins plays at best a minor role in the observed bias. C1 [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Genome Scale Measurements Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Norris, Ryan W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Stoltzfus, A (reprint author), Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA.; Stoltzfus, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Genome Scale Measurements Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM arlin.stoltzfus@nist.gov OI Stoltzfus, Arlin/0000-0002-0963-1357 NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 EI 1537-1719 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 33 IS 3 BP 595 EP 602 DI 10.1093/molbev/msv274 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DF3BU UT WOS:000371219500001 PM 26609078 ER PT J AU Mittal, S Ganeshan, S Fan, JY Vaezi, A Hafezi, M AF Mittal, Sunil Ganeshan, Sriram Fan, Jingyun Vaezi, Abolhassan Hafezi, Mohammad TI Measurement of topological invariants in a 2D photonic system SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID EDGE STATES; CHERN NUMBER; LIGHT; INSULATORS; PHASE AB A hallmark feature of topological physics is the presence of one-way propagating chiral modes at the system boundary(1,2). The chirality of edge modes is a consequence of the topological character of the bulk. For example, in a non-interacting quantum Hall model, edge modes manifest as mid-gap states between two topologically distinct bulk bands. The bulkboundary correspondence dictates that the number of chiral edge modes, a topological invariant called the winding number, is completely determined by the bulk topological invariant, the Chern number(3). Here, for the first time, we measure the winding number in a 2D photonic system. By inserting a unit flux quantum at the edge, we show that the edge spectrum resonances shift by the winding number. This experiment provides a new approach for unambiguous measurement of topological invariants, independent of the microscopic details, and could possibly be extended to probe strongly correlated topological orders. C1 [Mittal, Sunil; Ganeshan, Sriram; Fan, Jingyun; Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mittal, Sunil; Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mittal, Sunil; Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ganeshan, Sriram] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vaezi, Abolhassan] Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hafezi@umd.edu RI Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-14-1-0267]; Army Research Office; Office of Naval Research; Bethe postdoctoral fellowship; National Science Foundation Career grant; Laboratory for Physical Sciences-Condensed Matter Theory Center; Microsoft; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant no. FA9550-14-1-0267, Army Research Office, Office of Naval Research, Bethe postdoctoral fellowship, National Science Foundation Career grant, Laboratory for Physical Sciences-Condensed Matter Theory Center, Microsoft and the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. We thank M. Levin, A. G. Abanov, A. Lobos, A. Migdall and J. Taylor for fruitful discussions and E. Barnes, M. Davanco and E. Goldschmidt for useful comments on the manuscript. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 10 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD MAR PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 180 EP + DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2016.10 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA DF3BO UT WOS:000371218900019 ER PT J AU Barnes, M Kalberg, K Pan, ML Leung, PS AF Barnes, Michele Kalberg, Kolter Pan, Minling Leung, PingSun TI When is brokerage negatively associated with economic benefits? Ethnic diversity, competition, and common-pool resources SO SOCIAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Brokerage; Social capital; Economic benefits; Ethnic diversity; Natural resource management; Common-pool resources ID SOCIAL NETWORKS; INFORMATION EXCHANGE; TRADE-OFF; PERFORMANCE; KNOWLEDGE; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; EMBEDDEDNESS; DYNAMICS; STRENGTH AB There is a growing body of literature positively linking dimensions of social capital to economic benefits. Yet recent research also points to a potential "dark side" of social capital, where over-embeddedness in networks and the pressures associated with brokerage are hypothesized to constrain actors, having a negative effect on economic outcomes. This dichotomy suggests that context is important, yet the overwhelming majority of existing empirical evidence stems from socially homogenous populations in corporate and organizational settings, limiting a broader understanding of when and how context matters. We advance this discourse to a socially fragmented, ethnically diverse common-pool resource system where information is highly valuable and competition is fierce. Merging several unique datasets from Hawaii's pelagic tuna fishery, we find that network prominence, i.e., being well connected locally, has a significant, positive effect on economic productivity. In contrast, we find that brokerage, defined here as ties that bridge either structurally distinct or ethnically distinct groups, has a significant, negative effect. Taken together, our results provide empirical support to widespread claims of the value of information access in common-pool resource systems, yet suggest that in ethnically diverse, competitive environments, brokers may be penalized for sharing information across social divides. Our results thus contribute to an emerging theory on the fragile nature of brokerage that recognizes its potential perils and the importance of context. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barnes, Michele; Leung, PingSun] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 East West Rd,Sherman 101, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Barnes, Michele; Kalberg, Kolter] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd,Marine Sci Bldg 312, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Barnes, Michele] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Pan, Minling] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Barnes, M (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM barnesm@hawaii.edu; kolter.kalberg@noaa.gov; minling.pan@noaa.gov; psleung@hawaii.edu FU Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [NA11NMF4320128]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); University of Hawaii Graduate Student Organization FX We thank our interpreters, all of the fishers who participated in this project, the National Marine Fisheries Service observer program and Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources for providing data access, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. MB also thanks the SOCNET community for their response to her inquiry regarding the dark side of brokerage, and Joey Lecky for the development of Fig. 2. This project was funded by Cooperative Agreement NA11NMF4320128 between the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). MB also received funding from the University of Hawaii Graduate Student Organization. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subdivisions. NR 89 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-8733 EI 1879-2111 J9 SOC NETWORKS JI Soc. Networks PD MAR PY 2016 VL 45 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.socnet.2015.11.004 PG 11 WC Anthropology; Sociology SC Anthropology; Sociology GA DF4ZW UT WOS:000371362600005 ER PT J AU Kolmakovl, A Gregoratti, L Kiskinova, M Gunther, S AF Kolmakovl, Andrei Gregoratti, Luca Kiskinova, Maya Guenther, Sebastian TI Recent Approaches for Bridging the Pressure Gap in Photoelectron Microspectroscopy SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Ambient pressure XPS; Graphene membranes; Environmental cell; Microscopy ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GRAPHENE OXIDE MEMBRANES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL GRAPHENE; X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION; EMISSION MICROSCOPY; COPPER FOILS; ATTENUATION LENGTHS; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; RADIATION-DAMAGE; GASEOUS SAMPLES AB Ambient-pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (APPES) and microscopy are at the frontier of modern chemical analysis at liquid-gas, solid-liquid and solid-gas interfaces, bridging science and engineering of functional materials. Complementing the current state-of-the art of the instruments using differentially pumped analyzers, we survey in this short review several alternative APPES approaches, developed recently in the scanning photoelectron microscope (SPEM) at the Elettra laboratory. The reported set-ups allow for performing dynamic near-ambient pressure experiments without introducing additional differential pumping stages. They include implementation of pulsed-gas injection in the vicinity of samples or placing the sample inside reaction cells with very small apertures. The major part of the review is dedicated to construction and performance of novel environmental cells, where ultrathin electron-transparent but molecularly impermeable membranes are used to isolate the gas or liquid ambient from the electron detector operated in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). We demonstrate that two-dimensional materials, such as graphene and derivatives, are mechanically robust to withstand atmospheric-UHV pressure differences and are sufficiently transparent for the photoelectrons emitted from samples immersed in liquid or gaseous media. Representative results illustrate the performance of reported APPES approaches using tunable synchrotron X-rays, combined with the sub-micrometer lateral resolution of SPEM. They demonstrate the unique opportunities for addressing the chemical composition and electronic structure of surfaces and interfaces under realistic operation conditions with unprecedented lateral and spectral resolution. C1 [Kolmakovl, Andrei] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gregoratti, Luca; Kiskinova, Maya] Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Area Sci Pk, I-34149 Trieste, Italy. [Guenther, Sebastian] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Chem, Lichtenbergstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Kolmakovl, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Gunther, S (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Dept Chem, Lichtenbergstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM andrei.kolmakov@nist.gov; sebastian.guenther@tum.de FU ELETTRA; German Science Foundation (DFG) [SPP 1459] FX The authors acknowledge the invaluable contributions of A. Yulaev (NIST/UMD), J. Kraus (TUM), I. Vlassiouk (ORNL), M. Amati (Eletttra), M. Abyaneh (now at Diamond SR source), B. Bozzini and I. Sgura (both at U. del Salento) who actively participated in developing and testing the reviewed set-ups. The financial support of SPEM experiments by ELETTRA is greatly acknowledged. S. Guenther acknowledges financial support within the framework of the priority program Graphene SPP 1459 of the German Science Foundation (DFG). The critical reading of the manuscript by C. Powell, N. Zhitenev and J. Unguris (all at NIST) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 102 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 13 U2 25 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 EI 1572-9028 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 59 IS 5-7 BP 448 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s11244-015-0519-1 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DF5WZ UT WOS:000371424800005 ER PT J AU Williams, P Sowards, J Simonds, B AF Williams, Paul Sowards, Jeffrey Simonds, Brian TI Measuring Laser Beam Welding Power Using the Force of Light SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Williams, Paul; Sowards, Jeffrey; Simonds, Brian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Williams, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. EM paul.williams@nist.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 95 IS 3 BP 30 EP 34 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DF2TP UT WOS:000371197100011 ER PT J AU Broom, DP Webb, CJ Hurst, KE Parilla, PA Gennett, T Brown, CM Zacharia, R Tylianakis, E Klontzas, E Froudakis, GE Steriotis, TA Trikalitis, PN Anton, DL Hardy, B Tamburello, D Corgnale, C van Hassel, BA Cossement, D Chahine, R Hirscher, M AF Broom, D. P. Webb, C. J. Hurst, K. E. Parilla, P. A. Gennett, T. Brown, C. M. Zacharia, R. Tylianakis, E. Klontzas, E. Froudakis, G. E. Steriotis, Th. A. Trikalitis, P. N. Anton, D. L. Hardy, B. Tamburello, D. Corgnale, C. van Hassel, B. A. Cossement, D. Chahine, R. Hirscher, M. TI Outlook and challenges for hydrogen storage in nanoporous materials SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; SURFACE ENERGETICAL HETEROGENEITY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; CARBIDE-DERIVED CARBONS; GAS-ADSORPTION; ACTIVATED CARBON; FORCE-FIELD; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB Considerable progress has been made recently in the use of nanoporous materials for hydrogen storage. In this article, the current status of the field and future challenges are discussed, ranging from important open fundamental questions, such as the density and volume of the adsorbed phase and its relationship to overall storage capacity, to the development of new functional materials and complete storage system design. With regard to fundamentals, the use of neutron scattering to study adsorbed H-2, suitable adsorption isotherm equations, and the accurate computational modelling and simulation of H2 adsorption are discussed. The new materials covered include flexible metal-organic frameworks, core-shell materials, and porous organic cage compounds. The article concludes with a discussion of the experimental investigation of real adsorptive hydrogen storage tanks, the improvement in the thermal conductivity of storage beds, and new storage system concepts and designs. C1 [Broom, D. P.] Hiden Isochema Ltd, 422 Europa Blvd, Warrington WA5 7TS, Cheshire, England. [Webb, C. J.] Griffith Univ, Queensland Micro & Nanotechnol Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Hurst, K. E.; Parilla, P. A.; Gennett, T.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Brown, C. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, C. M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Zacharia, R.; Cossement, D.; Chahine, R.] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Inst Rech Hydrogene, POB 500, Trois Rivieres, PQ G9A 5H7, Canada. [Zacharia, R.] Qatar Univ, Gas Proc Ctr, Coll Engn, POB 2713, Doha, Qatar. [Tylianakis, E.] Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2208, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Klontzas, E.; Froudakis, G. E.; Trikalitis, P. N.] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, POB 2208, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Steriotis, Th. A.] NCSR DEMOKRITOS, Inst Nanosci & Nanotechnol, Athens 15310, Greece. [Anton, D. L.; Hardy, B.; Tamburello, D.; Corgnale, C.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [van Hassel, B. A.] United Technol Res Ctr, 411 Silver Lane, E Hartford, CT 06118 USA. [Hirscher, M.] Max Planck Inst Intelligente Syst, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Broom, DP (reprint author), Hiden Isochema Ltd, 422 Europa Blvd, Warrington WA5 7TS, Cheshire, England.; Hirscher, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Intelligente Syst, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM dbroom@hidenisochema.com; hirscher@is.mpg.de RI Hirscher, Michael/J-8030-2015; Van Hassel, Bart/F-2676-2016; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Griffith University, QMNC/I-5498-2013; Trikalitis, Pantelis/E-5696-2011; OI Van Hassel, Bart/0000-0001-6551-7025; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Klontzas, Emmanuel/0000-0002-1974-5198; Broom, Darren/0000-0002-1328-7376 FU Max-PlanckInstitut fur Intelligente Systeme; European Union (European Social Fund-ESF); Greek national funds through Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning'' of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)-Research; U.S. Department of Energy (National Nuclear Security Administration) [DE-FC36-09GO19006] FX Open access funding provided by Max-PlanckInstitut fur Intelligente Systeme. The authors acknowledge the contribution of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Hydrogen Implementing Agreement (HIA) from which this paper results, specifically the activities of Task 32: Hydrogen-based energy storage. Part of this research has been co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund-ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning'' of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)-Research Funding Program: THALES. Part of the paper is also based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (National Nuclear Security Administration) under Award Number DE-FC36-09GO19006. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 196 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 16 U2 64 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 EI 1432-0630 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 122 IS 3 AR 151 DI 10.1007/s00339-016-9651-4 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DF0PQ UT WOS:000371041700010 ER PT J AU Sarker, S Chandra, D Hirscher, M Dolan, M Isheim, D Wermer, J Viano, D Baricco, M Udovic, TJ Grant, D Palumbo, O Paolone, A Cantelli, R AF Sarker, S. Chandra, D. Hirscher, M. Dolan, M. Isheim, D. Wermer, J. Viano, D. Baricco, M. Udovic, T. J. Grant, D. Palumbo, O. Paolone, A. Cantelli, R. TI Developments in the Ni-Nb-Zr amorphous alloy membranes SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Review ID HYDROGEN PERMEATION PROPERTIES; H GLASSY ALLOYS; THERMAL-STABILITY; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; SEPARATION MEMBRANES; METAL MEMBRANES; PERMEABILITY; PD; PHASE AB Most of the global H-2 production is derived from hydrocarbon-based fuels, and efficient H-2/CO2 separation is necessary to deliver a high-purity H-2 product. Hydrogen-selective alloy membranes are emerging as a viable alternative to traditional pressure swing adsorption processes as a means for H-2/CO2 separation. These membranes can be formed from a wide range of alloys, and those based on Pd are the closest to commercial deployment. The high cost of Pd (USD similar to 31,000 kg(-1)) is driving the development of less-expensive alternatives, including inexpensive amorphous (Ni60Nb40) 100-Zr-x(x) alloys. Amorphous alloy membranes can be fabricated directly from the molten state into continuous ribbons via melt spinning and depending on the composition can exhibit relatively high hydrogen permeability between 473 and 673 K. Here we review recent developments in these low-cost membrane materials, especially with respect to permeation behavior, electrical transport properties, and understanding of local atomic order. To further understand the nature of these solids, atom probe tomography has been performed, revealing amorphous Nb-rich and Zr-rich clusters embedded in majority Ni matrix whose compositions deviated from the nominal overall composition of the membrane. C1 [Sarker, S.; Chandra, D.] Univ Nevada, Mat Sci & Engn, MS 388, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hirscher, M.] Max Planck Inst Intelligente Syst, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Dolan, M.; Viano, D.] CSIRO, QCAT, Energy, 1 Technol Court, Pullenvale, Qld 4069, Australia. [Isheim, D.] Northwestern Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 N Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Wermer, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Baricco, M.] Univ Turin, Dept Chem, Via P Giura 9, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Baricco, M.] Univ Turin, NIS, Via P Giura 9, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Udovic, T. J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grant, D.] Univ Nottingham, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Palumbo, O.; Paolone, A.] CNR ISC, UOS La Sapienza, Piazzale A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Cantelli, R.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Chandra, D (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Mat Sci & Engn, MS 388, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dchandra@unr.edu RI Hirscher, Michael/J-8030-2015; Baricco, Marcello/B-4075-2013; OI Baricco, Marcello/0000-0002-2856-9894; Chandra, Dhanesh/0000-0001-9478-2928 FU US DOE-NNSA Grant [US DE-NA0002004] FX This research is supported by US DOE-NNSA Grant (US DE-NA0002004). NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 EI 1432-0630 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 122 IS 3 AR 168 DI 10.1007/s00339-016-9650-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DF0PQ UT WOS:000371041700027 ER PT J AU Chen, WT Shao, M Wang, M Lu, SH Liu, Y Yuan, B Yang, YD Zeng, LM Chen, ZM Chang, CC Zhang, Q Hu, M AF Chen, Wentai Shao, Min Wang, Ming Lu, Sihua Liu, Ying Yuan, Bin Yang, Yudong Zeng, Limin Chen, Zhongming Chang, Chih-Chung Zhang, Qian Hu, Min TI Variation of ambient carbonyl levels in urban Beijing between 2005 and 2012 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbonyls; Trend analysis; Emission ratio; Photochemistry ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; ATMOSPHERIC CARBONYLS; EMISSION RATIOS; OLYMPIC GAMES; AIR-QUALITY; CHINA; FORMALDEHYDE; SUMMERTIME; IDENTIFICATION AB Carbonyl compounds are important precursors of secondary air pollutants. With the rapid economic development and the implementation of stricter control measures in Beijing, the sources of carbonyls possibly changed. Based on measurement data obtained at an urban site in Beijing between 2005 and 2012, we investigated annual variations in carbonyl levels and sources during these years. In summer, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde levels decreased significantly at a rate of 9.1%/year and 7.2%/year, respectively, while acetone levels increased at a rate of 4.3%/year. In winter, formaldehyde levels increased and acetaldehyde levels decreased. We also investigated the factors driving the variation in carbonyls levels during summer by determination of emission ratios for carbonyls and their precursors, and calculation of photochemical formation of carbonyls. The relative declines for primary formaldehyde and acetaldehyde levels were larger than those for secondary formation. This is possibly due to the increasing usage of natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas which could result in the rise of carbonyl precursor emission ratios. The increase in acetone levels might be related to the rising solvent usage in Beijing during these years. The influences of these sources should be paid more attention in future research. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Wentai; Shao, Min; Wang, Ming; Lu, Sihua; Liu, Ying; Yuan, Bin; Yang, Yudong; Zeng, Limin; Chen, Zhongming; Zhang, Qian; Hu, Min] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Liu, Ying] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chang, Chih-Chung] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Change, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Wang, Ming] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher Environm Monitoring Pol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Bin] Univ Colorado, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yuan, Bin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Shao, M (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM mshao@pku.edu.cn RI Chen, Zhongming/G-5925-2011; Zeng, Limin/D-3948-2013; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012 OI Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329 FU Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars [41125018]; Natural Science Foundation key project [41330635] FX This study was funded by the Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars (Grant No. 41125018) and the Natural Science Foundation key project (Grant No. 41330635). Special thanks are due to William C. Kuster and Paul Goldan for their help with VOCs measurements in 2005, and we also thank Purnendu K. Dasgupta and Yang Li for their assistance with formaldehyde measurements in 2008. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 129 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.062 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE8KX UT WOS:000370886000013 ER PT J AU Saylor, RD Hicks, BB AF Saylor, Rick D. Hicks, Bruce B. TI New directions: Time for a new approach to modeling surface-atmosphere exchanges in air quality models? SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; RESOLVED PARTICLE FLUXES; BIDIRECTIONAL EXCHANGE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; AMMONIA EXCHANGE; EDDY COVARIANCE; TRACE GASES; DEPOSITION; CANOPY; ACETALDEHYDE C1 [Saylor, Rick D.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Hicks, Bruce B.] Metcorps, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Saylor, RD (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM rick.saylor@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 129 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.01.032 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE8KX UT WOS:000370886000026 ER PT J AU Templeton, DW Wolfrum, EJ Yen, JH Sharpless, KE AF Templeton, David W. Wolfrum, Edward J. Yen, James H. Sharpless, Katherine E. TI Compositional Analysis of Biomass Reference Materials: Results from an Interlaboratory Study SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biomass reference material; Compositional analysis; Sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum spp. hybrid) NIST RM 8491; Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) NIST RM 8492; Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) NIST RM 8493; Wheat straw (Triticum aestivum var. Thunderbird) NIST RM 8494 ID PRETREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; BIOFUELS; VARIABILITY AB Biomass compositional methods are used to compare different lignocellulosic feedstocks, to measure component balances around unit operations and to determine process yields and therefore the economic viability of biomass-to-biofuel processes. Four biomass reference materials (RMs NIST 8491-8494) were prepared and characterized, via an interlaboratory comparison exercise in the early 1990s to evaluate biomass summative compositional methods, analysts, and laboratories. Having common, uniform, and stable biomass reference materials gives the opportunity to assess compositional data compared to other analysts, to other labs, and to a known compositional value. The expiration date for the original characterization of these RMs was reached and an effort to assess their stability and recharacterize the reference values for the remaining material using more current methods of analysis was initiated. We sent samples of the four biomass RMs to 11 academic, industrial, and government laboratories, familiar with sulfuric acid compositional methods, for recharacterization of the component reference values. In this work, we have used an expanded suite of analytical methods that are more appropriate for herbaceous feedstocks, to recharacterize the RMs' compositions. We report the median values and the expanded uncertainty values for the four RMs on a dry-mass, whole-biomass basis. The original characterization data has been recalculated using median statistics to facilitate comparisons with this data. We found improved total component closures for three out of the four RMs compared to the original characterization, and the total component closures were near 100 %, which suggests that most components were accurately measured and little double counting occurred. The major components were not statistically different in the recharacterization which suggests that the biomass materials are stable during storage and that additional components, not seen in the original characterization, were quantified here. C1 [Templeton, David W.; Wolfrum, Edward J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy,MS 3512, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yen, James H.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sharpless, Katherine E.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Templeton, DW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy,MS 3512, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM David.Templeton@nrel.gov OI Wolfrum, Edward/0000-0002-7361-8931 FU US Department of Energy Office of the Biomass Program FX We acknowledge the following for developing the data used here: Y.Y. Lee and L. Kang, Auburn University, Auburn, AL; L.R. Madsen II and C. Verret, Audubon Sugar Institute, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, St. Gabriel, LA; J. Saddler, R. Chandra, and P. Chung, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; C. Wyman, T. Zhang, J. DeMartini, and M. Ebrik, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA; F. Matt, J.Y. Zhu, J. Ahn, and S.R. Kim, Analytical Chemistry and Microscopy Lab, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI; G. Gresham, M. Cortez, J. Eaton, S. Morgan, and M. Weston, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID; M. Quinn, E. Boyd, and J. Fletcher, Microbac Laboratories, Hauser Division, Boulder, CO; I. Ibarra, P. Lopez, and K. Shaffer, Monsanto, Ankeny, IA; D.W. Templeton, R. Ness, and E. Fisk, NREL, Golden, CO; M. Penner, J. Goby, and T. Junyusen, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; and S. Taylor, B. Dien, and P. O'Bryan, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL. We thank Dan Schell, Chris Scarlata, and Kathy Cisar for reviewing this manuscript. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of the Biomass Program. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 EI 1939-1242 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 303 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s12155-015-9675-1 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE7KV UT WOS:000370816300027 PM 27019676 ER PT J AU Qian, WH Yu, TT Du, J AF Qian, Weihong Yu, Tiantian Du, Jun TI A unified approach to trace surface heat and cold events by using height anomaly SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Height anomaly; Heat wave; Cold event; Early signal; Weather extreme ID WAVES; CHINA; FORECAST; PREDICTION; EUROPE; MODELS; VORTEX AB After decomposing an atmospheric field into climatic and anomalous components, a maximum height anomaly (MHA) in upper troposphere is found to be closely associated with surface anomalous temperature episodes. Thus, a unified method has been proposed to trace both heat and cold events as well as surface temperature anomalies through the following four aspects of this study. (1) First, a global daily MHA database from 1980 to 2010 is derived and its long-term variation is analyzed. (2) The general relationship between surface air temperature anomaly (SATA) and MHA is then studied. Following the hydrostatic balance, positive (negative) MHA center often corresponds well to positive (negative) SATA or heat (cold) event. (3) Potential capability of using MHA signal to extend predictability of SATA events is further examined. It is found that signals in MHA are stronger and appear earlier than that in temperature field. Positive or negative MHA centers can often be traced 9 days ahead on average for many SATA events. The earliest MHA signal to indicate a heat (cold) event can be traced 20 (26) days back in an upstream region. (4) Some challenges in applying MHA to early warning SATA events are discussed, mainly from the irregularity of MHA tracks, the location uncertainty of downward extension of upper air temperature anomaly including missing and false alarm issue, and the inability in quantifying intensity. Therefore, the forecast capability of MHA signal will strongly depend on the quality of an operational model forecasts. C1 [Qian, Weihong; Yu, Tiantian] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Yu, Tiantian] Shanghai Cent Meteorol Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Du, Jun] NOAA, Environmetal Modeling Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Yu, TT (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.; Yu, TT (reprint author), Shanghai Cent Meteorol Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. EM yutian4ever@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41375073]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [201306032, XDA0509400] FX The authors wish to thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions which greatly improved our revised manuscript. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41375073) and the Key Technologies R&D Program (201306032) and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA0509400). NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 46 IS 5-6 BP 1647 EP 1664 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2666-2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF1AD UT WOS:000371069900016 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Kumar, A Huang, BH AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun Huang, Bohua TI Spatial distribution and the interdecadal change of leading modes of heat budget of the mixed-layer in the tropical Pacific and the association with ENSO SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Spatial distribution; Leading modes of heat budget of the mixed-layer; The tropical Pacific; The association with ENSO; Interdecadal change; Global Ocean Data Assimilation System ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; OCEAN RECHARGE PARADIGM; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; NCEP GODAS; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE AB Using heat budget diagnosis of ocean mixed layer from the Global Ocean Data Assimilation System, the spatial distribution of the leading modes of the heat budget was examined. The analysis was for the tropical Pacific in 1979-2013 and was based on combined empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis. The interdecadal changes of the leading modes and their associations with El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) were also analyzed. The first leading CEOF mode (CEOF1) corresponds to the ENSO mature phase. The contribution from the zonal advection was relatively small along the equator, except the region near the Pacific coast of Central America. The vertical entrainment and diffusion (surface heat flux) had pronounced maxima with positive (negative) values along the equatorial central and eastern Pacific. The meridional advection displayed a different spatial pattern with large positive values on both sides of the equator and smaller values along the equator. The total meridional advection anomaly was mainly determined by advection of anomalous temperature by climatological current responsible for broadening of the ENSO SSTA pattern meridionally. The zonal advection varied almost simultaneously with the tendency of ocean temperature anomaly in the mixed layer. The second leading CEOF mode (CEOF2) included contribution to SSTA tendency during the ENSO developing phase. The distribution pattern and amplitude of the zonal advection in the eastern Pacific in CEOF2 was similar to but with opposite sign to that in CEOF1. The amplitudes of the other dynamical and thermodynamical terms were smaller than that in CEOF1 and spatial distributions displayed an opposite variation between the Pacific coast of Central America and central and eastern tropical Pacific in CEOF2. A comparison of two periods (1979-1999 and 2000-2013) suggested that coupling in the tropical Pacific weakened at ENSO time scales and shifted to a relatively higher frequency regime (from 2 to 4 years averaged in 1979-1999 to 1.5-3 years) after 2000. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 270 Res Hall,Mail Stop 6C5,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Zeng-Zhen.Hu@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 FU NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX We appreciated the insight comments and suggestions from two reviewers, which significantly improve the paper. We discussed with Prof. Fei-Fei Jin during early stage of this work. Bohua Huang is supported by grants from NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). The procedure of the heat budget calculation used in this work was developed by Dr. Boyin Huang and is maintained by Dr. C. Wen. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any view or opinions expressed herein, are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NWS, NOAA, or the Department of Commerce. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 46 IS 5-6 BP 1753 EP 1768 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2672-4 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF1AD UT WOS:000371069900022 ER PT J AU Etnoyer, PJ Wickes, LN Silva, M Dubick, JD Balthis, L Salgado, E MacDonald, IR AF Etnoyer, Peter J. Wickes, Leslie N. Silva, Mauricio Dubick, J. D. Balthis, Len Salgado, Enrique MacDonald, Ian R. TI Decline in condition of gorgonian octocorals on mesophotic reefs in the northern Gulf of Mexico: before and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Octocoral; Gorgonian; Gulf of Mexico; Mesophotic zone; Oil spill; Health assessment ID CRUDE-OIL; HETEROXENIA-FUSCESCENS; PARAMURICEA-CLAVATA; CORALS PRIMNOA; CNIDARIA; COMMUNITIES; ATLANTIC; CURRENTS AB Hard-bottom 'mesophotic' reefs along the '40-fathom' (73 m) shelf edge in the northern Gulf of Mexico were investigated for potential effects of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill from the Macondo well in April 2010. Alabama Alps Reef, Roughtongue Reef, and Yellowtail Reef were near the well, situated 60-88 m below floating oil discharged during the DWH spill for several weeks and subject to dispersant applications. In contrast, Coral Trees Reef and Madison Swanson South Reef were far from the DWH spill site and below the slick for less than a week or not at all, respectively. The reefs were surveyed by ROV in 2010, 2011, and 2014 and compared to similar surveys conducted one and two decades earlier. Large gorgonian octocorals were present at all sites in moderate abundance including Swiftia exserta, Hypnogorgia pendula, Thesea spp., and Placogorgia spp. The gorgonians were assessed for health and condition in a before-after-control-impact (BACI) research design using still images captured from ROV video transects. Injury was modeled as a categorical response to proximity and time using logistic regression. Condition of gorgonians at sites near Macondo well declined significantly post-spill. Before the spill, injury was observed for 4-9 % of large gorgonians. After the spill, injury was observed in 38-50 % of large gorgonians. Odds of injury for sites near Macondo were 10.8 times higher post-spill, but unchanged at far sites. The majority of marked injured colonies in 2011 declined further in condition by 2014. Marked healthy colonies generally remained healthy. Background stresses to corals, including fishing activity, fishing debris, and coral predation, were noted during surveys, but do not appear to account for the decline in condition at study sites near Macondo well. C1 [Etnoyer, Peter J.; Balthis, Len] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Wickes, Leslie N.; Dubick, J. D.; Salgado, Enrique] JHT Inc, 2710 Discovery Dr,Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Silva, Mauricio; MacDonald, Ian R.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Etnoyer, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM peter.etnoyer@noaa.gov FU DWH NRDA FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from the DWH NRDA since 2010. We would also like to acknowledge the efforts of USGS since 1997 under the leadership of Dr. Ken Sulak. The captain and crews of NOAA ship Nancy Foster, RV Holiday Chouest, and RV Walton Smith were indispensable, as were the efforts of ROV teams from Deep Sea Systems International and Schilling Robotics. We appreciate A. Shuler, M. Rittinghouse, E. Couch, J. Frometa, and G. Hanna for their significant contributions. A. Shuler prepared the species identification guide in ESM. Special thanks to SD Cairns for help with species identification. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s00338-015-1363-2 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DE9KE UT WOS:000370955100007 ER PT J AU Hurley, KKC Timmers, MA Godwin, LS Copus, JM Skillings, DJ Toonen, RJ AF Hurley, Kaleonani K. C. Timmers, Molly A. Godwin, L. Scott Copus, Joshua M. Skillings, Derek J. Toonen, Robert J. TI An assessment of shallow and mesophotic reef brachyuran crab assemblages on the south shore of O'ahu, Hawai'i SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Depth gradient; Cryptic fauna; Autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) ID SPECIES RICHNESS ESTIMATORS; DEEP CORAL-REEFS; JOHNSTON ATOLL; CARIBBEAN SEA; PUERTO-RICO; BIODIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; GENUS; CONSERVATION; PERFORMANCE AB Shallow coral reefs are extensively studied but, although scleractinian corals have been recorded to 165 m, little is known about other mesophotic coral reef ecosystem (MCE) inhabitants. Brachyuran crabs fill many ecological and trophic niches on reefs, making them ideal candidates for evaluating species composition among depths to ask whether MCEs host the same communities as shallower reef communities that have been well studied. Here we deployed autonomous reef monitoring structures for 2 yr on the south shore of O'ahu along a depth gradient (12, 30, 60, and 90 m) to sample and assess brachyuran crab communities. A total of 663 brachyuran crabs representing 69 morphospecies (16 families) were found. Community composition was not significantly different within depths, but was highly stratified by depth. Each depth was distinct, but the 30 and 60 m depths were least dissimilar from one another. We show that deeper reefs host significantly different brachyuran communities, and at much lower total abundance, than shallow reefs in Hawai'i, with 4-27 unique morphospecies per depth and only 3 of 69 morphospecies (similar to 4 %) occurring across the entire depth range sampled. C1 [Hurley, Kaleonani K. C.; Timmers, Molly A.; Copus, Joshua M.; Toonen, Robert J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Timmers, Molly A.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd,MSB 312, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Timmers, Molly A.] NOAA, Ecosyst Sci Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Godwin, L. Scott] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Skillings, Derek J.] CUNY Brooklyn Coll, 2900 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. RP Hurley, KKC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM hurleyk@hawaii.edu OI Hurley, Kaleonani/0000-0001-7566-0394; Copus, Joshua/0000-0002-9018-7010 FU Jessie D. Kay Fellowship; Seaver Institute; UH Manoa Arts and Humanities Grant; Carol Ann & Myron K. Hayashida Scholarship; [NSF OCE 12-60169]; [NSF GRFP DGE-1329626] FX This work was funded through a combination of grants including NSF OCE 12-60169, NSF GRFP DGE-1329626, the Jessie D. Kay Fellowship, the Seaver Institute, a UH Manoa Arts and Humanities Grant, and the Carol Ann & Myron K. Hayashida Scholarship. We thank NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division and K. Reardon for generous assistance with the shallow ARMS sites and crab identifications and the UH Manoa Dive Safety Office, D. Pence, K. Stender, J. Jones, and C.J. Bradley for installation and retrieval of the mesophotic ARMS. We thank the ToBo laboratory members, particularly M. Iacchei, C. Ka'apu-Lyons, and Z. Hee, for discussion, support, and their efforts in the disassembly and sorting of ARMS samples on retrieval. We also thank M. Donahue, R. Coleman, and I. Knapp for their assistance with the analyses and writing. Special thanks are due to B. Bowen & M. Donahue for their service as committee members and their valuable feedback on the manuscript. This is HIMB Contribution #1640 and SOEST #9545. NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1007/s00338-015-1382-z PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DE9KE UT WOS:000370955100009 ER PT J AU Wang, ZZ Chiang, MYM AF Wang, Zhengzhi Chiang, Martin Y. M. TI Correlation between polymerization shrinkage stress and C-factor depends upon cavity compliance SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Dental restorative materials; Photopolymerization; Polymerization shrinkage stress; C-factor; Compliance of constraint ID LIGHT-CURED COMPOSITES; CLASS-I CAVITIES; CONTRACTION STRESS; DENTAL COMPOSITES; RESIN-COMPOSITES; INSTRUMENT COMPLIANCE; SPECIMEN DIMENSIONS; FILLING TECHNIQUE; TESTING SYSTEM; BOND STRENGTH AB Objectives. The literature reports inconsistent results regarding using configuration factor (C-factor) as an indicator to reflect the generation of polymerization shrinkage stress (PS) from dental restorative composites due to the constraint of cavity configuration. The current study aimed at unraveling the complex effects of C-factor on PS based on analytical and experimental approaches together, such that the reported inconsistency can be explained and a significance of C-factor in clinic can be comprehensively provided. Methods. Analytical models based on linear elasticity were established to predict PS measured in instruments (testing systems) with different compliances, and complex effects of C-factor on PS were derived. The analyses were validated by experiments using a cantilever beam-based instrument and systematic variation of instrumental compliance. Results. For a general trend, PS decreased with increasing C-factor when measured by instruments with high compliance. However, this trend gradually diminished and eventually reversed (PS became increased with increasing C-factor) by decreasing the system compliance. Significance. Our study indicates that the correlation between PS and C-factor are highly dependent on the compliance of testing instrument for PS measurement. This suggests that the current concept on the role of C-factor in the stress development and transmission to tooth structures, higher C-factor produces higher PS due to reduced flow capacity of more confined materials, can be misleading. Thus, the compliance of the prepared tooth (cavity) structure should also be considered in the effect of C-factor on PS. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 [Wang, Zhengzhi; Chiang, Martin Y. M.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Zhengzhi] Wuhan Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Engn Mech, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.chiang@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX Financial support was provided through an Interagency Agreement between the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) and NIST (Y1-DE-7005-01). We thank Dr. Swarnavo Sarkar for his helpful discussions. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 3 BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.003 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA DE7IJ UT WOS:000370809000005 PM 26778403 ER PT J AU Sun, JR Watson, SS Allsopp, DA Stanley, D Skrtic, D AF Sun, Jirun Watson, Stephanie S. Allsopp, David A. Stanley, Debbie Skrtic, Drago TI Tuning photo-catalytic activities of TiO2 nanoparticles using dimethacrylate resins SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Titanium dioxide nanoparticles; Free radical; Photo-catalytic activities; Dental resins; Nano-composites; Dimethacrylates; Wettability ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; IMPLANT SURFACES; DENTAL RESINS; NANOCOMPOSITES; HYDROPHILICITY; PHOTOCATALYSIS; NANOCRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY; ANTIOXIDANTS; COMPOSITES AB Objective. The unique photo-catalytic activities (PCAs) of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) made them attractive in many potential applications in medical devices. The objective of this study is to optimize the benefits of PCAs of TiO2 NPs through varying chemical structures of dimethacrylate resins. Methods. TiO2 NPs were functionalized to improve the PCAs and bonding to the resins. The PCAs of TiO2 NPs were evaluated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UV-vis spectroscopy to determine the amount of the radicals generated and the energy required for their production, respectively. The beneficial effects of the radicals were assessed through: (1) the improvement of degree of vinyl conversion (DC) and (2) modification of resin hydrophilicity. One-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence interval was used to indicate the significant differences between the experimental groups. Results. EPR and UV-vis results clearly showed that the functionalization of TiO2 NPs enhanced PCAs in terms of generating radicals under visible light irradiation. The presence of hydroxyl and carboxylic acid functionalities played an important role in DC enhancement and hydrophilicity modification. The DC could be increased up to 22% by adding only 0.1 wt% TiO2 NPs. Viscosity of the resins had minimal or no role in DC improvement through TiO2 NPs. In resins with abundant hydroxyl groups, radicals were more effective in making the resin more hydrophilic. Significance. Knowledge learned from this study will help formulating nano-composites with optimized use of TiO2 PCAs as co-initiators for photo-polymerization, additives for making super-hydrophilic materials and/or antibacterial agents. (C) 2015 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Jirun; Allsopp, David A.; Skrtic, Drago] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Watson, Stephanie S.; Stanley, Debbie] NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sun, JR (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jsun@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [U01DE023752]; ADA Foundation FX This work is partially funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (U01DE023752). Financial support was also provided through ADA Foundation. The authors would like to thank Mr. Anthony Giuseppetti and Dr. Joseph Antonucci for their technical recommendations. We also would like to thank Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at NIST for their technical support. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 3 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.021 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA DE7IJ UT WOS:000370809000007 PM 26792622 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Mai, ZS Barani, A Bush, M Lawn, B AF Zhang, Yu Mai, Zhisong Barani, Amir Bush, Mark Lawn, Brian TI Fracture-resistant monolithic dental crowns SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Monolithic crowns; Zirconia; Lithium disilicate; Dental composite; Splitting; Fracture resistance ID ALL-CERAMIC CROWNS; SIMPLIFIED CEMENTATION PROCESS; LITHIUM-DISILICATE CROWNS; CAD/CAM COMPLETE CROWNS; FATIGUE RESISTANCE; CLINICAL-OUTCOMES; SINGLE CROWNS; TOOTH ENAMEL; WEAR RATES; FAILURE AB Objective. To quantify the splitting resistance of monolithic zirconia, lithium disilicate and nanoparticle-composite dental crowns. Methods. Fracture experiments were conducted on anatomically-correct monolithic crown structures cemented to standard dental composite dies, by axial loading of a hard sphere placed between the cusps. The structures were observed in situ during fracture testing, and critical loads to split the structures were measured. Extended finite element modeling (XFEM), with provision for step-by-step extension of embedded cracks, was employed to simulate full failure evolution. Results. Experimental measurements and XFEM predictions were self-consistent within data scatter. In conjunction with a fracture mechanics equation for critical splitting load, the data were used to predict load-sustaining capacity for crowns on actual dentin substrates and for loading with a sphere of different size. Stages of crack propagation within the crown and support substrate were quantified. Zirconia crowns showed the highest fracture loads, lithium disilicate intermediate, and dental nanocomposite lowest. Dental nanocomposite crowns have comparable fracture resistance to natural enamel. Significance. The results confirm that monolithic crowns are able to sustain high bite forces. The analysis indicates what material and geometrical properties are important in optimizing crown performance and longevity. (C) 2015 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yu; Mai, Zhisong] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, 433 First Ave,Room 810, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Barani, Amir; Bush, Mark] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Lawn, Brian] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, 433 First Ave,Room 810, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM yz21@nyu.edu FU United States National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health [2R01 DE017925]; Australian Research Council [DP130101472]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (via Dakota Consulting) FX Funding was provided by the United States National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health (Grant 2R01 DE017925), the Australian Research Council (DP130101472), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (via Dakota Consulting). NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 3 BP 442 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2015.12.010 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA DE7IJ UT WOS:000370809000015 PM 26792623 ER PT J AU James, KC Lewison, RL Dillingham, PW Curtis, KA Moore, JE AF James, Kelsey C. Lewison, Rebecca L. Dillingham, Peter W. Curtis, K. Alexandra Moore, Jeffrey E. TI Drivers of retention and discards of elasmobranch non-target catch SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE elasmobranch; fisheries; retention rate; ray; shark; skate ID SPECIES COMPOSITION; SHARK FISHERIES; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; SKATES RAJIDAE; BY-CATCH; BYCATCH; MANAGEMENT; RAYS; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION AB To address growing concern over the effects of fisheries non-target catch on elasmobranchs worldwide, the accurate reporting of elasmobranch catch is essential. This requires data on a combination of measures, including reported landings, retained and discarded non-target catch, and post-discard survival. Identification of the factors influencing discard versus retention is needed to improve catch estimates and to determine wasteful fishing practices. To do this, retention rates of elasmobranch non-target catch in a broad subset of fisheries throughout the world were compared by taxon, fishing country, and gear. A regression tree and random forest analysis indicated that taxon was the most important determinant of retention in this dataset, but all three factors together explained 59% of the variance. Estimates of total elasmobranch removals were calculated by dividing the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) global elasmobranch landings by average retention rates, and suggest that total elasmobranch removals may exceed FAO reported landings by as much as 400%. This analysis is the first effort to directly characterize global drivers of discards for elasmobranch non-target catch. The results highlight the importance of accurate quantification of retention and discard rates to improve assessments of the potential impacts of fisheries on these species. C1 [James, Kelsey C.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [James, Kelsey C.; Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Dillingham, Peter W.] Univ New England, Sch Sci & Technol, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. [Dillingham, Peter W.] Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Curtis, K. Alexandra] Acadia Univ, Dept Biol, 33 Westwood Ave, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. [Moore, Jeffrey E.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP James, KC (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.; James, KC (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM kelsey.c.james@gmail.com RI Dillingham, Peter/B-3972-2014; OI Dillingham, Peter/0000-0001-6302-3275; Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926 FU Lenfest Ocean Programme [2008-00648-009] FX We thank Dr David Ebert for expertise on taxonomic groupings and Dovi Kacev and Sara McDonald for constructive edits. Funding was provided by Lenfest Ocean Programme, grant reference number: 2008-00648-009. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0376-8929 EI 1469-4387 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 43 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1017/S0376892915000168 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8BD UT WOS:000370859900002 ER PT J AU Dolan, TE Lynch, PD Karazsia, JL Serafy, JE AF Dolan, T. E. Lynch, P. D. Karazsia, J. L. Serafy, J. E. TI Statistical power to detect change in a mangrove shoreline fish community adjacent to a nuclear power plant SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Power analysis; Fish assemblages; Monitoring; Impact assessment; Nuclear power plant ID INDEXES AB An expansion is underway of a nuclear power plant on the shoreline of Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA. While the precise effects of its construction and operation are unknown, impacts on surrounding marine habitats and biota are considered by experts to be likely. The objective of the present study was to determine the adequacy of an ongoing monitoring survey of fish communities associated with mangrove habitats directly adjacent to the power plant to detect fish community changes, should they occur, at three spatial scales. Using seasonally resolved data recorded during 532 fish surveys over an 8-year period, power analyses were performed for four mangrove fish metrics (fish diversity, fish density, and the occurrence of two ecologically important fish species: gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) and goldspotted killifish (Floridichthys carpio). Results indicated that the monitoring program at current sampling intensity allows for detection of <33 % changes in fish density and diversity metrics in both the wet and the dry season in the two larger study areas. Sampling effort was found to be insufficient in either season to detect changes at this level (<33 %) in species-specific occurrence metrics for the two fish species examined. The option of supplementing ongoing, biological monitoring programs for improved, focused change detection deserves consideration from both ecological and costbenefit perspectives. C1 [Dolan, T. E.; Serafy, J. E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL USA. [Dolan, T. E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Lynch, P. D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Karazsia, J. L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, 400 N Congress Ave,Suite 110, W Palm Beach, FL 33401 USA. [Serafy, J. E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Dolan, TE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM tara.dolan@stonybrook.edu; patrick.lynch@noaa.gov; jocelyn.karazsia@noaa.gov; joe.serafy@noaa.gov OI Dolan, Tara/0000-0003-0937-0342 FU Restoration Coordination and Verification funds from the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan FX This work was conducted under Special Activity License 07SR-1015. Financial support was provided through Restoration Coordination and Verification funds from the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan provided to J. Serafy. We appreciate the constructive feedback provided by anonymous reviewers. P.B. Teare predominantly conducted field sampling, with support from numerous student volunteers for whom we have deep gratitude. This study is dedicated to the memory of M. South. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 188 IS 3 AR 184 DI 10.1007/s10661-016-5177-7 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF0ZG UT WOS:000371067600036 PM 26903208 ER PT J AU Gettings, KB Kiesler, KM Faith, SA Montano, E Baker, CH Young, BA Guerrieri, RA Vallone, PM AF Gettings, Katherine Butler Kiesler, Kevin M. Faith, Seth A. Montano, Elizabeth Baker, Christine H. Young, Brian A. Guerrieri, Richard A. Vallone, Peter M. TI Sequence variation of 22 autosomal STR loci detected by next generation sequencing SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE STR; Next generation sequencing; Population genetics ID VARIANT ALLELES; REPEAT; MUTATIONS; PLATFORM; D12S391; SYSTEM; D21S11; TOOL AB Sequencing short tandem repeat (STR) loci allows for determination of repeat motif variations within the STR (or entire PCR amplicon) which cannot be ascertained by size-based PCR fragment analysis. Sanger sequencing has been used in research laboratories to further characterize STR loci, but is impractical for routine forensic use due to the laborious nature of the procedure in general and additional steps required to separate heterozygous alleles. Recent advances in library preparation methods enable high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) and technological improvements in sequencing chemistries now offer sufficient read lengths to encompass STR alleles. Herein, we present sequencing results from 183 DNA samples, including African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic individuals, at 22 autosomal forensic STR loci using an assay designed for NGS. The resulting dataset has been used to perform population genetic analyses of allelic diversity by length compared to sequence, and exemplifies which loci are likely to achieve the greatest gains in discrimination via sequencing. Within this data set, six loci demonstrate greater than double the number of alleles obtained by sequence compared to the number of alleles obtained by length: D12S391, D2S1338, D21S11, D8S1179, vWA, and D3S1358. As expected, repeat region sequences which had not previously been reported in forensic literature were identified. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Gettings, Katherine Butler; Kiesler, Kevin M.; Vallone, Peter M.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faith, Seth A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Faith, Seth A.] N Carolina State Univ, Forens Sci Inst, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Montano, Elizabeth; Baker, Christine H.; Young, Brian A.; Guerrieri, Richard A.] Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Gettings, KB (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katherine.gettings@nist.gov; kevin.kiesler@nist.gov; safaith@ncsu.edu; montanoe@battelle.org; bakerc@battelle.org; youngb@battelle.org; guerrierir@battelle.org; peter.vallone@nist.gov OI Young, Brian/0000-0001-5665-7990 FU Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) [DJF-13-0100-PR-0000080] FX This work was funded in part by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) interagency agreement DJF-13-0100-PR-0000080: "DNA as a Biometric". Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Departments of Commerce or Justice. Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 21 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.11.005 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA DE7KB UT WOS:000370813800009 PM 26701720 ER PT J AU Taylor, D Bright, JA Buckleton, J AF Taylor, Duncan Bright, Jo-Anne Buckleton, John TI Using probabilistic theory to develop interpretation guidelines for Y-STR profiles SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Y-STR; Profile; Interpretation; Thresholds; Probabilistic interpretation; Guidelines ID DNA PROFILES; STUTTER AB Y-STR profiling makes up a small but important proportion of forensic DNA casework. Often Y-STR profiles are used when autosomal profiling has failed to yield an informative result. Consequently Y-STR profiles are often from the most challenging samples. In addition to these points, Y-STR loci are linked, meaning that evaluation of haplotype probabilities are either based on overly simplified counting methods or computationally costly genetic models, neither of which extend well to the evaluation of mixed Y-STR data. For all of these reasons Y-STR data analysis has not seen the same advances as autosomal STR data. We present here a probabilistic model for the interpretation of Y-STR data. Due to the fact that probabilistic systems for Y-STR data are still some way from reaching active casework, we also describe how data can be analysed in a continuous way to generate interpretational thresholds and guidelines. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Taylor, Duncan] Forens Sci South Australia, 21 Divett Pl, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Taylor, Duncan] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Bright, Jo-Anne; Buckleton, John] ESR, Private Bag 92021, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Buckleton, John] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8980 & 8314, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Taylor, D (reprint author), Forens Sci South Australia, 21 Divett Pl, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. EM Duncan.Taylor@sa.gov.au OI Taylor, Duncan/0000-0003-0633-7424 FU US National Institute of Justice [2014-DN-BX-K028] FX This work was supported in part by grant 2014-DN-BX-K028 from the US National Institute of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice or Commerce. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials (or suppliers, or software) are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 21 BP 22 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.11.010 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA DE7KB UT WOS:000370813800010 PM 26706152 ER PT J AU Taylor, D Buckleton, J Bright, JA AF Taylor, Duncan Buckleton, John Bright, Jo-Anne TI Factors affecting peak height variability for short tandem repeat data SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Peak height variability; Stochastic effects; STRmix; STR ID FORENSIC DNA PROFILES AB In forensic DNA analysis a DNA extract is amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), separated using capillary electrophoresis and the resulting DNA products are detected using fluorescence. Sampling variation occurs when the DNA molecules are aliquotted during the PCR setup stage and this translates to variability in peak heights in the resultant electropherogram or between electropherograms generated from a DNA extract. Beyond the variability caused by sampling variation it has been observed that there are factors in generating the DNA profile that can contribute to the magnitude of variability observed, most notably the number of PCR cycles. In this study we investigate a number of factors in the generation of a DNA profile to determine which contribute to levels of peak height variability. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Taylor, Duncan] Forens Sci South Australia, 21 Divett Pl, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Taylor, Duncan] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Buckleton, John; Bright, Jo-Anne] ESR, Private Bag 92021, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Buckleton, John] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8980 & 8314, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Taylor, D (reprint author), Forens Sci South Australia, 21 Divett Pl, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. EM Duncan.Taylor@sa.gov.au OI Taylor, Duncan/0000-0003-0633-7424 FU National Institute of Justice [2014-DN-BX-K028] FX This work was supported in part by grant 2014-DN-BX-K028 from the National Institute of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice or Commerce. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials (or suppliers, or software) are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 21 BP 126 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.12.009 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA DE7KB UT WOS:000370813800022 PM 26774098 ER PT J AU Ensenberger, MG Lenz, KA Matthies, LK Hadinoto, GM Schienman, JE Przech, AJ Morganti, MW Renstrom, DT Baker, VM Gawrys, KM Hoogendoorn, M Steffen, CR Martin, P Alonso, A Olson, HR Sprecher, CJ Storts, DR AF Ensenberger, Martin G. Lenz, Kristy A. Matthies, Learden K. Hadinoto, Gregory M. Schienman, John E. Przech, Angela J. Morganti, Michael W. Renstrom, Daniel T. Baker, Victoria M. Gawrys, Kori M. Hoogendoorn, Marlijn Steffen, Carolyn R. Martin, Pablo Alonso, Antonio Olson, Hope R. Sprecher, Cynthia J. Storts, Douglas R. TI Developmental validation of the PowerPlex (R) Fusion 6C System SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE PowerPlex (R); Fusion 6C; Validation; Short tandem repeat; STR; Forensic science; DNA typing; CODIS ID SHORT TANDEM REPEAT; LOCI; DNA; MULTIPLEX; CASEWORK; SAMPLES AB The PowerPlex (R) Fusion 6C System is a 27-locus, six-dye, multiplex that includes all markers in the expanded CODIS core loci and increases overlap with STR database standards throughout the world. Additionally, it contains two, rapidly mutating, Y-STRs and is capable of both casework and database workflows, including direct amplification. A multi-laboratory developmental validation study was performed on the PowerPlex (R) Fusion 6C System. Here, we report the results of that study which followed SWGDAM guidelines and includes data for: species specificity, sensitivity, stability, precision, reproducibility and repeatability, case-type samples, concordance, stutter, DNA mixtures, and PCR-based procedures. Where appropriate we report data from both extracted DNA samples and direct amplification samples from various substrates and collection devices. Samples from all studies were separated on both Applied Biosystems 3500 series and 6-dye capable 3130 series Genetic Analyzers and data is reported for each. Together, the data validate the design and demonstrate the performance of the PowerPlex (R) Fusion 6C System. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Ensenberger, Martin G.; Lenz, Kristy A.; Sprecher, Cynthia J.; Storts, Douglas R.] Promega Corp, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Matthies, Learden K.; Hadinoto, Gregory M.] Los Angeles Cty Sheriffs Dept Crime Lab, 1800 Paseo Racho Castilla, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Schienman, John E.; Przech, Angela J.; Morganti, Michael W.; Renstrom, Daniel T.; Baker, Victoria M.] Connecticut Dept Emergency Serv & Publ Protect, Div Sci Serv, DNA Unit, 278 Colony St, Meriden, CT 06451 USA. [Gawrys, Kori M.] Erie Cty NY Cent Police Serv Forens Lab, 45 Elm St,417E, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. [Hoogendoorn, Marlijn] Minnesota Bur Criminal Apprehens, 1430 Maryland Ave East, St Paul, MN 55106 USA. [Steffen, Carolyn R.] NIST, Appl Genet Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Martin, Pablo; Alonso, Antonio] Natl Inst Toxicol & Forens Sci, Madrid Dept, Biol Serv, Jose Echegaray 4, Madrid 28232, Spain. [Olson, Hope R.] North Dakota Off Attorney Gen, Crime Lab Div, 2641 East Main Ave, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Ensenberger, MG (reprint author), Promega Corp, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM martin.ensenberger@promega.com NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 21 BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.12.011 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA DE7KB UT WOS:000370813800023 PM 26774099 ER PT J AU Reznik, D Parshall, D Park, SR Lynn, JW Wolf, T AF Reznik, D. Parshall, D. Park, S. R. Lynn, J. W. Wolf, Th. TI Absence of Magnetic Field Dependence of the Anomalous Bond-Stretching Phonon in YBa2Cu3O6.6 SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article DE Cuprates; Phonons; Superconductivity; CDW; Pseudogap AB Superlattice diffraction peaks have been recently observed in underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.6. They have been interpreted to originate from a charge density wave (CDW) formation. It is believed that strong phonon anomalies previously observed near the same wavevectors are related to the CDW. Competition with superconductivity is a salient feature of the CDW peaks. We investigated if the same is true of anomalous bond-stretching phonons around 60 meV by measuring the spectrum of this phonon at 10 K with and without an applied magnetic field of 10 T. Applying the field had no effect on the phonon within the experimental uncertainty. C1 [Reznik, D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Parshall, D.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Park, S. R.] Incheon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Inchon 406772, South Korea. [Wolf, Th.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Solid State Phys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Reznik, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Dmitry.Reznik@Colorado.edu FU DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [DE-SC0006939] FX D. R. was supported by the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-SC0006939. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 EI 1557-1947 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 3 BP 643 EP 644 DI 10.1007/s10948-015-3293-1 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DF1HE UT WOS:000371089500020 ER PT J AU Kim, KW Lee, HW AF Kim, Kyoung-Whan Lee, Hyun-Woo TI SPINTRONICS Chiral damping SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT News Item ID WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; DOMAIN-WALLS; DYNAMICS; DRIVEN C1 [Kim, Kyoung-Whan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 37673, South Korea. [Lee, Hyun-Woo] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Kim, KW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Lee, HW (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 37673, South Korea. EM kyoungwhan.kim@nist.gov; hwl@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Hyun-Woo/B-8995-2008; OI Lee, Hyun-Woo/0000-0002-1648-8093; Kim, Kyoung-Whan/0000-0002-1382-7088 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 15 IS 3 BP 253 EP 254 DI 10.1038/nmat4565 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA DE9OM UT WOS:000370967400003 PM 26906956 ER PT J AU Jue, E Safeer, CK Drouard, M Lopez, A Balint, P Buda-Prejbeanu, L Boulle, O Auffret, S Schuhl, A Manchon, A Miron, IM Gaudin, G AF Jue, Emilie Safeer, C. K. Drouard, Marc Lopez, Alexandre Balint, Paul Buda-Prejbeanu, Liliana Boulle, Olivier Auffret, Stephane Schuhl, Alain Manchon, Aurelien Miron, Ioan Mihai Gaudin, Gilles TI Chiral damping of magnetic domain walls SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-TORQUE; DRIVEN; DYNAMICS; MOTION; MEMORY; FILMS; LAYER AB Structural symmetry breaking in magnetic materials is responsible for the existence of multiferroics(1), current-induced spinorbit torques(2-7) and some topological magnetic structures(8-12). In this Letter we report that the structural inversion asymmetry (SIA) gives rise to a chiral damping mechanism, which is evidenced by measuring the field-driven domain-wall (DW) motion in perpendicularly magnetized asymmetric Pt/Co/Pt trilayers. The DW dynamics associated with the chiral damping and those with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) exhibit identical spatial symmetry(13-19). However, both scenarios are differentiated by their time reversal properties: whereas DMI is a conservative effect that can be modelled by an effective field, the chiral damping is purely dissipative and has no influence on the equilibrium magnetic texture. When the DW motion is modulated by an in-plane magnetic field, it reveals the structure of the internal fields experienced by the DWs, allowing one to distinguish the physical mechanism. The chiral damping enriches the spectrum of physical phenomena engendered by the SIA, and is essential for conceiving DW and skyrmion devices owing to its coexistence with DMI (ref. 20). C1 [Jue, Emilie; Safeer, C. K.; Drouard, Marc; Lopez, Alexandre; Balint, Paul; Buda-Prejbeanu, Liliana; Boulle, Olivier; Auffret, Stephane; Miron, Ioan Mihai; Gaudin, Gilles] Univ Grenoble Alpes INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Jue, Emilie; Safeer, C. K.; Drouard, Marc; Lopez, Alexandre; Balint, Paul; Buda-Prejbeanu, Liliana; Boulle, Olivier; Auffret, Stephane; Miron, Ioan Mihai; Gaudin, Gilles] CNRS INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Jue, Emilie; Safeer, C. K.; Drouard, Marc; Lopez, Alexandre; Balint, Paul; Buda-Prejbeanu, Liliana; Boulle, Olivier; Auffret, Stephane; Miron, Ioan Mihai; Gaudin, Gilles] CEA INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Schuhl, Alain] CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Manchon, Aurelien] KAUST, Phys Sci & Engn Div, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Jue, Emilie] NIST Boulder, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Miron, IM (reprint author), Univ Grenoble Alpes INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France.; Miron, IM (reprint author), CNRS INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France.; Miron, IM (reprint author), CEA INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France. EM mihai.miron@cea.fr RI Manchon, Aurelien/A-9355-2010; OI Manchon, Aurelien/0000-0002-4768-293X; Jue, Emilie/0000-0002-8815-6610 FU ANR project [11 BS10 008]; European Commission [GA 318144, GA-2012-322369]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology FX We thank H. W. Lee, K.-J. Lee and T. Giamarchi for helpful discussions, as well as A. Thiaville, S. Pizzini and J. Vogel for critically reading the manuscript and discussing the results. This work was partially supported by the ANR (11 BS10 008, ESPERADO) project and European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (GA 318144, SPOT) and (GA-2012-322369, Sport for Memory). A.M. has been supported by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 27 U2 85 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 15 IS 3 BP 272 EP + DI 10.1038/NMAT4518 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA DE9OM UT WOS:000370967400010 PM 26689141 ER PT J AU Fenichel, EP Abbott, JK Bayham, J Boone, W Haacker, EMK Pfeiffer, L AF Fenichel, Eli P. Abbott, Joshua K. Bayham, Jude Boone, Whitney Haacker, Erin M. K. Pfeiffer, Lisa TI Measuring the value of groundwater and other forms of natural capital SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE groundwater; sustainability; inclusive wealth; comprehensive wealth; genuine investment ID HIGH-PLAINS AQUIFER; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; GENUINE SAVINGS; WEALTH; EXTRACTION; ECOLOGY; RATES; WATER AB Valuing natural capital is fundamental to measuring sustainability. The United Nations Environment Programme, World Bank, and other agencies have called for inclusion of the value of natural capital in sustainability metrics, such as inclusive wealth. Much has been written about the importance of natural capital, but consistent, rigorous valuation approaches compatible with the pricing of traditional forms of capital have remained elusive. We present a guiding quantitative framework enabling natural capital valuation that is fully consistent with capital theory, accounts for biophysical and economic feedbacks, and can guide interdisciplinary efforts to measure sustainability. We illustrate this framework with an application to groundwater in the Kansas High Plains Aquifer, a rapidly depleting asset supporting significant food production. We develop a 10-y time series (1996-2005) of natural capital asset prices that accounts for technological, institutional, and physical changes. Kansas lost approximately $110 million per year (2005 US dollars) of capital value through groundwater withdrawal and changes in aquifer management during the decade spanning 1996-2005. This annual loss in wealth is approximately equal to the state's 2005 budget surplus, and is substantially more than investments in schools over this period. Furthermore, real investment in agricultural capital also declined over this period. Although Kansas' depletion of water wealth is substantial, it may be tractably managed through careful groundwater management and compensating investments in other natural and traditional assets. Measurement of natural capital value is required to inform management and ongoing investments in natural assets. C1 [Fenichel, Eli P.; Bayham, Jude; Boone, Whitney] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06460 USA. [Abbott, Joshua K.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bayham, Jude] Calif State Univ Chico, Coll Agr, Chico, CA 95929 USA. [Haacker, Erin M. K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pfeiffer, Lisa] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Fenichel, EP (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06460 USA. EM Eli.Fenichel@yale.edu FU Knobloch Family Foundation; National Science Foundation [WSC 1039180] FX D. Skelly and S. Yun provided helpful comments. K. Krause assisted with graphic design of Fig 1. E. Addicott provided research assistance. R. Llewlyn helped us access historic crop budgets. The Knobloch Family Foundation supported this research. E.M.K.H. was supported by National Science Foundation WSC 1039180. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 16 U2 34 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 1 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 9 BP 2382 EP 2387 DI 10.1073/pnas.1513779113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DF2WG UT WOS:000371204500040 PM 26858431 ER PT J AU Kasianowicz, JJ Balijepalli, AK Ettedgui, J Forstater, JH Wang, HY Zhang, HS Robertson, JWF AF Kasianowicz, John J. Balijepalli, Arvind K. Ettedgui, Jessica Forstater, Jacob H. Wang, Haiyan Zhang, Huisheng Robertson, Joseph W. F. TI Analytical applications for pore-forming proteins SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES LA English DT Article DE Nanopore; Hemolysin; Pore forming toxin; DNA sequencing; Force spectroscopy; Temperature-jump spectroscopy ID SOLID-STATE NANOPORES; MOLECULE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN NANOPORE; ION-CHANNEL RECORDINGS; SYMMETRICAL TETRAALKYLAMMONIUM IONS; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYER MEMBRANES; HEPTAMERIC TRANSMEMBRANE PORE; DRIVEN POLYMER TRANSLOCATION; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE RESOLUTION; DYNAMIC FORCE SPECTROSCOPY AB Proteinaceous nanometer-scale pores are ubiquitous in biology. The canonical ionic channels (e.g., those that transport Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl- across cell membranes) play key roles in many cellular processes, including nerve and muscle activity. Another class of channels includes bacterial pore-forming toxins, which disrupt cell function, and can lead to cell death. We describe here the recent development of these toxins for a wide range of biological sensing applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Pore-Forming Toxins edited by Mauro Dalla Serra and Franco Gambale. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kasianowicz, John J.; Balijepalli, Arvind K.; Ettedgui, Jessica; Forstater, Jacob H.; Wang, Haiyan; Robertson, Joseph W. F.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Huisheng] Shenzhen Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Engn, Guangdong Key Lab Biomed Measurements & Ultrasoun, Shenzhen 518060, Peoples R China. RP Kasianowicz, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.kasianowicz@nist.gov OI Forstater, Jacob/0000-0003-0268-1009 FU NIH NHGRI [R01HG007415]; European Molecular Biology Organization post-doctoral fellowship; Shenzhen Dedicated Funding of Strategic Emerging Industry Development Program [JCYJ20130408173226864]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2014M560670] FX We are grateful for grant support from the NIH NHGRI (R01HG007415), a European Molecular Biology Organization post-doctoral fellowship (to JE), Shenzhen Dedicated Funding of Strategic Emerging Industry Development Program (JCYJ20130408173226864), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2014M560670). NR 211 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2736 EI 0006-3002 J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 1858 IS 3 SI SI BP 593 EP 606 DI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.09.023 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA DE0IG UT WOS:000370307700014 PM 26431785 ER PT J AU Fleming, AH Clark, CT Calambokidis, J Barlow, J AF Fleming, Alyson H. Clark, Casey T. Calambokidis, John Barlow, Jay TI Humpback whale diets respond to variance in ocean climate and ecosystem conditions in the California Current SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cetacean foraging; climate change; ecosystem shifts; euphausiids; forage fish; North Pacific Gyre Oscillation; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; upwelling ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; STABLE-ISOTOPE; NORTH PACIFIC; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; PTYCHORAMPHUS-ALEUTICUS; TROPHIC AMPLIFICATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CHANGING CLIMATE; FEEDING GROUNDS; FOOD-WEB AB Large, migratory predators are often cited as sentinel species for ecosystem processes and climate-related changes, but their utility as indicators is dependent upon an understanding of their response to environmental variability. Documentation of the links between climate variability, ecosystem change and predator dynamics is absent for most top predators. Identifying species that may be useful indicators and elucidating these mechanistic links provides insight into current ecological dynamics and may inform predictions of future ecosystem responses to climatic change. We examine humpback whale response to environmental variability through stable isotope analysis of diet over a dynamic 20-year period (1993-2012) in the California Current System (CCS). Humpback whale diets captured two major shifts in oceanographic and ecological conditions in the CCS. Isotopic signatures reflect a diet dominated by krill during periods characterized by positive phases of the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), cool sea surface temperature (SST), strong upwelling and high krill biomass. In contrast, humpback whale diets are dominated by schooling fish when the NPGO is negative, SST is warmer, seasonal upwelling is delayed and anchovy and sardine populations display increased biomass and range expansion. These findings demonstrate that humpback whales trophically respond to ecosystem shifts, and as a result, their foraging behavior is a synoptic indicator of oceanographic and ecological conditions across the CCS. Multi-decadal examination of these sentinel species thus provides insight into biological consequences of interannual climate fluctuations, fundamental to advancing ecosystem predictions related to global climate change. C1 [Fleming, Alyson H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fleming, Alyson H.; Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Clark, Casey T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Calambokidis, John] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Fleming, AH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Alyson.fleming@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation Interdisciplinary Graduate Education and Research Traineeship FX The authors thank the Southwest Fisheries Science Center Frozen Tissue Archive for the use of humpback whale biopsy samples and Gaby Serra-Valente, Vicki Pease and Kelly Robertson of the SWFSC for providing sample access. We are grateful to Garrett Lemmons and Jeff Seminoff for their guidance regarding stable isotope analysis. All samples were collected under NMFS Scientific Research Permits No. 1026-689424, 774-1437, 774-1714, 14097, 15271 and 540-1811. This manuscript benefitted from edits from Elizabeth T. Vu, Till J.W. Wagner, Rosa Runcie, Lisa A. Levin and Dave M. Checkley. Primary funding for this study was provided by National Science Foundation Interdisciplinary Graduate Education and Research Traineeship. The authors declare no conflicts of interest in submitting or publishing this paper in GCB. NR 79 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 17 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1214 EP 1224 DI 10.1111/gcb.13171 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE2XN UT WOS:000370491400021 PM 26599719 ER PT J AU Thol, M Lemmon, EW AF Thol, Monika Lemmon, Eric W. TI Equation of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene [R-1234ze(E)] SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Equation of state; Helmholtz energy; R-1234ze(E); Thermodynamic properties; trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene ID DENSITY-MEASUREMENTS; LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; HEAT-CAPACITY; GASEOUS-PHASE; HFO-1234ZE(E); R1234ZE(E); PRESSURES; TEMPERATURES; REGION; MPA AB An equation of state for the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of the hydrofluoroolefin refrigerant R-1234ze(E) is presented. The equation of state (EOS) is expressed in terms of the Helmholtz energy as a function of temperature and density. The formulation can be used for the calculation of all thermodynamic properties through the use of derivatives of the Helmholtz energy. Comparisons to experimental data are given to establish the uncertainty of the EOS. The equation of state is valid from the triple point (169K) to 420 K, with pressures to 100 MPa. The uncertainty in density in the liquid and vapor phases is 0.1% from 200K to 420K at all pressures. The uncertainty increases outside of this temperature region and in the critical region. In the gaseous phase, speeds of sound can be calculated with an uncertainty of 0.05%. In the liquid phase, the uncertainty in speed of sound increases to 0.1%. The estimated uncertainty for liquid heat capacities is 5%. The uncertainty in vapor pressure is 0.1%. C1 [Thol, Monika] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Thermodynam, Univ Str 150, Bochum, Germany. [Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM Eric.Lemmon@nist.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 15 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 37 IS 3 AR UNSP 28 DI 10.1007/s10765-016-2040-6 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA DE0UJ UT WOS:000370340100004 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Lemmon, EW AF Zhou, Yong Lemmon, Eric W. TI Equation of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,2,2,3-Pentafluoropropane (R-245ca) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Equation of state; Helmholtz energy; R-245ca; Thermodynamic properties; 1,1,2,2,3-Pentafluoropropane ID ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS; FLUORINATED PROPANE; BUTANE DERIVATIVES AB An equation of state for the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (R-245ca), which is a hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant, is presented. The equation of state (EOS) is expressed in terms of the Helmholtz energy as a function of temperature and density, and can calculate all thermodynamic properties through the use of derivatives of the Helmholtz energy. The equation is valid for all liquid, vapor, and supercritical states of the fluid, and is valid from the triple point to 450 K, with pressures up to 10 MPa. Comparisons to experimental data are given to verify the stated uncertainties in the EOS. The estimated uncertainty for density is 0.1 % in the liquid phase between 243 K and 373 K with pressures up to 6.5 MPa; the uncertainties increase outside this range, and are unknown. The uncertainty in vaporphase speed of sound is 0.1 %. The uncertainty in vapor pressure is 0.2 % between 270 K and 393 K. The uncertainties in other regions and properties are unknown due to a lack of experimental data. C1 [Zhou, Yong] Honeywell Integrated Technol China Co Ltd, 430 Li Bing Rd,Zhangjiang Hitech Pk, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China. [Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM yong.zhou2@honeywell.com; Eric.Lemmon@nist.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 37 IS 3 AR 27 DI 10.1007/s10765-016-2039-z PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA DE0UJ UT WOS:000370340100003 ER PT J AU Weigand, JM Berman, JW AF Weigand, Jonathan M. Berman, Jeffrey W. TI Integrity of Bolted Angle Connections Subjected to Simulated Column Removal SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Steel; Connections; Structural integrity; Robustness; Disproportionate collapse; Bolted angle; Gravity framing; Metal and composite structures ID TESTS; SHEAR AB Large-scale tests of steel gravity framing systems (SGFSs) have shown that the connections are critical to the system integrity when a column suffers damage that compromises its ability to carry gravity loads. When supporting columns were removed, the SGFSs redistributed gravity loads through the development of an alternate load path in a sustained tensile configuration resulting from large vertical deflections. The ability of the system to sustain such an alternate load path depends on the capacity of the gravity connections to remain intact after undergoing large rotation and axial extension demands for which they were not designed. This study experimentally evaluates the performance of steel bolted angle connections subjected to loading consistent with interior column removal. The characteristic connection behaviors are described and the performance of multiple connection configurations are compared in terms of their peak resistances and deformation capacities. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Weigand, Jonathan M.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Berman, Jeffrey W.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Weigand, JM (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jweigand.weigand@nist.gov; jwberman@uw.edu FU American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC); National Science Foundation [CMMI-1000926] FX This research was supported by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-1000926. The steel wide flange sections used in the experiments were donated by AISC. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 142 IS 3 AR 04015165 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001429 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA DE1XX UT WOS:000370421300007 ER PT J AU Braccini, M Aires-da-Silva, A Taylor, I AF Braccini, Matias Aires-da-Silva, Alexandre Taylor, Ian TI Incorporating movement in the modelling of shark and ray population dynamics: approaches and management implications SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Elasmobranchs; Integrated assessment; Tagging; Conservation ID FISHERIES STOCK ASSESSMENT; FISH MOVEMENT; TAG RECOVERIES; WHITE SHARKS; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; EXPLOITATION RATES; CARCHARIAS-TAURUS; LIFE-HISTORY; MIGRATION; PATTERNS AB The explicit incorporation of movement in the modelling of population dynamics can allow improved management of highly mobile species. Large-scale movements are increasingly being reported for sharks and rays. Hence, in this review we summarise the current understanding of long-scale movement patterns of sharks and rays and then present the different methods used in fisheries science for modelling population movement with an emphasis on sharks and rays. The use of movement data for informing population modelling and deriving management advice remains rare for sharks and rays. In the few cases where population movement was modelled explicitly, movement information has been solely derived from conventional tagging. Though shark and ray movement has been increasingly studied through a range of approaches these different sources of information have not been used in population models. Integrating these multiple sources of movement information could advance our understanding of shark and ray dynamics. This, in turn, would allow the use of more adequate models for assessing stocks and advising management and conservation effort. C1 [Braccini, Matias] Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, POB 20, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia. [Aires-da-Silva, Alexandre] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Taylor, Ian] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Braccini, M (reprint author), Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, POB 20, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia. EM Matias.Braccini@fish.wa.gov.au FU Australian Fisheries Research and Development Corporation Grant [FRDC 2010/003] FX We gratefully acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This project was supported by an Australian Fisheries Research and Development Corporation Grant (FRDC 2010/003). NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 26 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s11160-015-9406-x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DE0VK UT WOS:000370343100002 ER PT J AU Kaduk, JA Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Chakraborty, B Lapidus, SH Ribaud, L Brewer, G AF Kaduk, J. A. Wong-Ng, W. Cook, L. P. Chakraborty, B. Lapidus, S. H. Ribaud, L. Brewer, G. TI Synchrotron X-ray investigation of alpha-Chlorohemin, C34H32ClFeN4O4, an Fe-porphyrin SO SOLID STATE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE alpha-Chlorohemin; C34H32ClFeN4O4; Crystal structure; Synchrotron powder diffraction; MOFs; Rietveld refinements; DFT calculations ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; POROUS COORDINATION POLYMER; POWDER DIFFRACTION; AB-INITIO; METALLOPORPHYRIN FRAMEWORK; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CRYSTAL; CO2; MOFS; REFINEMENT AB X-ray data of a powder sample of alpha-chlorohemin (a member of the porphyrin family), C34H32ClFeN4O4, was collected using synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Photon Source (APS, Argonne National Laboratory). Rietveld Refinement and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed for obtaining the structure including positions of hydrogen atoms. The structure was found to be P (1) over bar, Z = 2; at 100K the lattice parameters are a = 11.22468(6) angstrom, b = 13.93930(8) angstrom, c = 10.79818(9) angstrom, alpha = 99.6672(6)degrees, beta = 108.4124(8)degrees, gamma = 106.7175(6)degrees, and V = 1471.713(19) angstrom(3), and at 295K, a = 11.43217(7) angstrom, b = 14.06412(10) angstrom, c = 10.85390(9) angstrom, alpha = 98.6655(7)degrees, beta = 108.6294(8)degrees, gamma = 107.5025(7)degrees, and V = 1517.21(2)angstrom(3), Dx = 1.427 g/cm(3). Experimental reference X-ray patterns have also been determined, which will be included in the Powder Diffraction File (PDF). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Kaduk, J. A.] IIT, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cook, L. P.; Chakraborty, B.; Brewer, G.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Lapidus, S. H.; Ribaud, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ICDD is thanked for the partial support through the Grants-in-Aid program. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1293-2558 EI 1873-3085 J9 SOLID STATE SCI JI Solid State Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 53 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2016.01.008 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA DE4NB UT WOS:000370605400009 ER PT J AU Vorburger, TV Song, J Petraco, N AF Vorburger, T. V. Song, J. Petraco, N. TI Topography measurements and applications in ballistics and tool mark identifications SO SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY-METROLOGY AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Review DE ballistics; breech face; bullet; cartridge case; firearm; surface; standards ID STANDARD BULLETS; SURFACE; SYSTEM; TECHNOLOGY; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; ROUGHNESS; PROJECT AB The application of surface topography measurement methods to the field of firearm and toolmark analysis is fairly new. The field has been boosted by the development of a number of competing optical methods, which has improved the speed and accuracy of surface topography acquisitions. We describe here some of these measurement methods as well as several analytical methods for assessing similarities and differences among pairs of surfaces. We also provide a few examples of research results to identify cartridge cases originating from the same firearm or tool marks produced by the same tool. Physical standards and issues of traceability are also discussed. C1 [Vorburger, T. V.; Song, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Petraco, N.] CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, New York, NY 10019 USA. [Petraco, N.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10019 USA. RP Vorburger, TV (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tvtv@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 97 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2051-672X J9 SURF TOPOGR-METROL JI Surf. Topogr.-Metrol. Prop. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 4 IS 1 AR 013002 DI 10.1088/2051-672X/4/1/013002 PG 35 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA DD8MO UT WOS:000370181200003 PM 27182440 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Wang, F Sun, DZ AF Sun, Yan Wang, Fan Sun, De-Zheng TI Weak ENSO Asymmetry Due to Weak Nonlinear Air-Sea Interaction in CMIP5 Climate Models SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ENSO asymmetry; nonlinearity; air-sea interaction; cold tongue; CMIP5; deep convection ID EL-NINO EVENTS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SEASONAL CYCLE; COLD-TONGUE; MEAN STATE; WARM POOL AB State-of-the-art climate models have long-standing intrinsic biases that limit their simulation and projection capabilities. Significantly weak ENSO asymmetry and weakly nonlinear air-sea interaction over the tropical Pacific was found in CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5) climate models compared with observation. The results suggest that a weak nonlinear air-sea interaction may play a role in the weak ENSO asymmetry. Moreover, a weak nonlinearity in air-sea interaction in the models may be associated with the biases in the mean climate-the cold biases in the equatorial central Pacific. The excessive cold tongue bias pushes the deep convection far west to the western Pacific warm pool region and suppresses its development in the central equatorial Pacific. The deep convection has difficulties in further moving to the eastern equatorial Pacific, especially during extreme El Nino events, which confines the westerly wind anomaly to the western Pacific. This weakens the eastern Pacific El Nino events, especially the extreme El Nino events, and thus leads to the weakened ENSO asymmetry in climate models. An accurate mean state structure (especially a realistic cold tongue and deep convection) is critical to reproducing ENSO events in climate models. Our evaluation also revealed that ENSO statistics in CMIP5 climate models are slightly improved compared with those of CMIP3. The weak ENSO asymmetry in CMIP5 is closer to the observation. It is more evident in CMIP5 that strong ENSO activities are usually accompanied by strong ENSO asymmetry, and the diversity of ENSO amplitude is reduced. C1 [Sun, Yan; Wang, Fan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Sun, Yan; Wang, Fan] Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Ocean Dynam & Climate, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Sun, De-Zheng] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sun, De-Zheng] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wang, F (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China.; Wang, F (reprint author), Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Ocean Dynam & Climate, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. EM fwang@qdio.ac.cn RI Wang, Fan/J-5119-2012; Sun, Yan/Q-5051-2016 OI Wang, Fan/0000-0001-5932-7567; FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB417401]; Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues, of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05110302]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2012M521378]; Large-scale and Climate Dynamics Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS 0553111, AGS 0852329]; Office of Global Programs of NOAA FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under the project "Structures, Variability and Climatic Impacts of Ocean Circulation and the Warm Pool in the Tropical Pacific Ocean" (Grant No. 2012CB417401), the Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues, of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05110302), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2012M521378), the Large-scale and Climate Dynamics Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation (AGS 0553111 and AGS 0852329) and the Office of Global Programs of NOAA. The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 33 IS 3 BP 352 EP 364 DI 10.1007/s00376-015-5018-6 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6JK UT WOS:000370030300008 ER PT J AU Saunders, F Nelson, BC AF Saunders, Fenella Nelson, Bryant C. TI First Person: Bryant C. Nelson SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Nelson, Bryant C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 EI 1545-2786 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 104 IS 2 BP 70 EP + PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DD7PS UT WOS:000370117200006 ER PT J AU Johnson, A Okoro, MH AF Johnson, Ashanti Okoro, Melanie Harrison TI How to Recruit and Retain Underrepresented Minorities SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article C1 [Johnson, Ashanti] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX USA. [Johnson, Ashanti] Univ Texas Arlington, Environm Sci, Arlington, TX USA. [Okoro, Melanie Harrison] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Okoro, Melanie Harrison] NMFS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Okoro, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.; Okoro, MH (reprint author), NMFS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM melanie.okoro@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 EI 1545-2786 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 104 IS 2 BP 76 EP 81 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DD7PS UT WOS:000370117200007 ER PT J AU Carle, MV Sasser, CE AF Carle, Melissa Vernon Sasser, Charles E. TI Productivity and Resilience: Long-Term Trends and Storm-Driven Fluctuations in the Plant Community of the Accreting Wax Lake Delta SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE River deltas; Wetland vegetation; Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); Hurricane disturbance; Coastal wetlands; Primary production ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; VEGETATION INDEXES; HURRICANE-KATRINA; ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE; SALT-MARSH; LAND LOSS; LOUISIANA; BIOMASS; REFLECTANCE; WETLAND AB River deltas are dynamic geologic features where the plant community engages in critical feedbacks with geomorphology, and plant community development is impacted by both riverine and coastal drivers. A vegetation index (NDVI) calculated from a time series of 54 peak growing season Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ images was used to assess the long-term trends and storm event-driven changes in the vegetation community associated with the Wax Lake Delta, an actively accreting subdelta of the Mississippi River. Multiple regression models were developed to explain variation in the vegetated area of the delta and mean delta NDVI from 1984 to 2011 as a function of date, hydrology, and seasonality. The models indicate that both vegetated area and mean NDVI increased over time from 1984 to 2011. Productivity measures following Hurricanes Lili (2002), Rita (2005), and Ike (2008) represented statistical outliers; significant decreases in NDVI following these storms suggest that hurricanes passing directly over or to the west of the delta result in short-term disturbance to the plant community, most likely related to saltwater intrusion associated with storm surge. However, in each case, both vegetated area and mean NDVI recovered to the long-term trend by the following growing season. These results demonstrate that the freshwater marshes within this mineral-rich, accreting delta are increasing in productivity as the delta matures and are extremely resilient to coastal storm disturbance. C1 [Carle, Melissa Vernon; Sasser, Charles E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Carle, Melissa Vernon] NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, Restorat Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Carle, MV (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.; Carle, MV (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, Restorat Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM melissa.carle@noaa.gov FU Louisiana Board of Regents FX Funding for this Project was provided by a Louisiana Board of Regents Fellowship to Melissa Vernon Carle. The authors would like to thank Robert Twilley, Harry Roberts, Lei Wang, the associate editor, and one anonymous review for helpful comments that improved the overall quality of this work and its presentation. NR 115 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 2 BP 406 EP 422 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-0005-9 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DC9GA UT WOS:000369527900008 ER PT J AU Goertler, PAL Simenstad, CA Bottom, DL Hinton, S Stamatiou, L AF Goertler, Pascale A. L. Simenstad, Charles A. Bottom, Daniel L. Hinton, Susan Stamatiou, Lia TI Estuarine Habitat and Demographic Factors Affect Juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Growth Variability in a Large Freshwater Tidal Estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Freshwater tidal estuary; Juvenile Chinook salmon; Growth; Diet; Genetic stock of origin ID COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FOOD WEBS; OTOLITH MICROSTRUCTURE; MARINE SURVIVAL; LIFE-HISTORY; PUGET-SOUND; SALMON; FISH; POPULATION AB Estuarine rearing has been shown to enhance within watershed biocomplexity and support growth and survival for juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.). However, less is known about how growth varies across different types of wetland habitats and what explains this variability in growth. We focused on the estuarine habitat use of Columbia River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), which are listed under the Endangered Species Act. We employed a generalized linear model (GLM) to test three hypotheses: (1) juvenile Chinook growth was best explained by temporal factors, (2) habitat, or (3) demographic characteristics, such as stock of origin. This study examined estuarine growth rate, incorporating otolith microstructure, individual assignment to stock of origin, GIS habitat mapping, and diet composition along similar to 130 km of the upper Columbia River estuary. Juvenile Chinook grew on average 0.23 mm/day in the freshwater tidal estuary. When compared to other studies in the basin our growth estimates from the freshwater tidal estuary were similar to estimates in the brackish estuary, but similar to 4 times slower than those in the plume and upstream reservoirs. However, previous survival studies elucidated a possible tradeoff between growth and survival in the Columbia River basin. Our GLM analysis found that variation in growth was best explained by habitat and an interaction between fork length and month of capture. Juvenile Chinook salmon captured in backwater channel habitats and later in the summer (mid-summer and late summer/fall subyearlings) grew faster than salmon from other habitats and time periods. These findings present a unique example of the complexity of understanding the influences of the many processes that generate variation in growth rate for juvenile anadromous fish inhabiting estuaries. C1 [Goertler, Pascale A. L.; Simenstad, Charles A.; Stamatiou, Lia] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bottom, Daniel L.; Hinton, Susan] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR USA. RP Goertler, PAL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM pascale.goertler@gmail.com FU US Army Corps of Engineers [EST-P-10-1, W66QKZ20272260]; University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery and Sciences (SAFS); Anchor QEA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We would like to thank our funding sources, the US Army Corps of Engineers (Administrative Code EST-P-10-1, MIPR number W66QKZ20272260), University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery and Sciences (SAFS), Anchor QEA, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We would also like to thank the members of the Columbia River estuary project: Antonio Baptista, Mojgan Rostaminia, Rich Zabel, Mark Scheuerell, Curtis Roegner, Paul Chittaro, Tom Cooney, Kurt Fresh, David Teel, Lance Campbell, George McCabe, Regan McNatt, and Mary Rameriez. We are also appreciative of the many volunteers who have participated in field sampling: Jessica Randall, Meegan Coran, Katria Van Raay, Sterling Hines-Elzinga, and Michael Beakes. We would also like to thank Daniel Schindler, Kerry Naish, and Tim Essington for their time and intellectual contributions, and Jeffery Cordell and Beth Armbrust for their assistance with Table 3. NR 98 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 2 BP 542 EP 559 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-0002-z PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DC9GA UT WOS:000369527900017 ER PT J AU Hassrick, JL Henderson, MJ Huff, DD Sydeman, WJ Sabal, MC Harding, JA Ammann, AJ Crandall, ED Bjorkstedt, EP Garza, JC Hayes, SA AF Hassrick, Jason L. Henderson, Mark J. Huff, David D. Sydeman, William J. Sabal, Megan C. Harding, Jeffrey A. Ammann, Arnold J. Crandall, Eric D. Bjorkstedt, Eric P. Garza, John Carlos Hayes, Sean A. TI Early ocean distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon in an upwelling ecosystem SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE California Current; Chinook salmon; juvenile; migration; Pacific Ocean; upwelling ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; GENETIC STOCK IDENTIFICATION; COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; PACIFIC SALMON; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ANTARCTIC KRILL; TSHAWYTSCHA; WASHINGTON AB Extreme variability in abundance of California salmon populations is often ascribed to ocean conditions, yet relatively little is known about their marine life history. To investigate which ocean conditions influence their distribution and abundance, we surveyed juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) within the California Current (central California [37 degrees 30N) to Newport, Oregon (44 degrees 00N]) for a 2-week period over three summers (2010-2012). At each station, we measured chlorophyll-a as an indicator of primary productivity, acoustic-based metrics of zooplankton density as an indicator of potential prey availability and physical characteristics such as bottom depth, temperature and salinity. We also measured fork lengths and collected genetic samples from each salmon that was caught. Genetic stock identification revealed that the majority of juvenile salmon were from the Central Valley and the Klamath Basin (91-98%). We constructed generalized logistic-linear negative binomial hurdle models and chose the best model(s) using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to determine which covariates influenced the salmon presence and, at locations where salmon were present, determined the variables that influenced their abundance. The probability of salmon presence was highest in shallower waters with a high chlorophyll-a concentration and close to an individual's natal river. Catch abundance was primarily influenced by year, mean fork length and proximity to natal rivers. At the scale of sampling stations, presence and abundance were not related to acoustic indices of zooplankton density. In the weeks to months after ocean entry, California's juvenile Chinook salmon population appears to be primarily constrained to coastal waters near natal river outlets. C1 [Hassrick, Jason L.] ICF Int, 101 Lucas Valley Rd,Suite 260, San Rafael, CA 94903 USA. [Hassrick, Jason L.; Henderson, Mark J.; Sabal, Megan C.; Crandall, Eric D.; Garza, John Carlos; Hayes, Sean A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Harding, Jeffrey A.; Ammann, Arnold J.; Bjorkstedt, Eric P.; Garza, John Carlos; Hayes, Sean A.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Huff, David D.] NOAA, Estuarine & Ocean Ecol, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Res Stn, POB 155, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. [Hassrick, Jason L.; Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, 101 H St,Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. RP Hassrick, JL (reprint author), ICF Int, 101 Lucas Valley Rd,Suite 260, San Rafael, CA 94903 USA.; Hassrick, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Hassrick, JL (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, 101 H St,Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM jason.hassrick@icfi.com OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685; Crandall, Eric/0000-0001-8580-3651 FU Delta Stewardship Council; California Sea Grant; Marisla Foundation FX We thank the salmon Ocean Ecology, Integrated Ecosystem Assessment and Molecular Ecology teams at NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center for their contributions to this study. In addition to insightful comments from two anonymous reviewers, Brian Wells, Brian Burke and Will Satterthwaite provided reviews that improved the quality of the manuscript. J.L.H. was partially funded by a fellowship from the Delta Stewardship Council with California Sea Grant and support from the Marisla Foundation. We thank Brian Wells for insightful suggestions on experimental design, and Vanessa Apkenas and Cassondra Columbus for laboratory assistance. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 25 IS 2 BP 133 EP 146 DI 10.1111/fog.12141 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA DD6PM UT WOS:000370046100003 ER PT J AU Larson, WA McKinney, GJ Limborg, MT Everett, MV Seeb, LW Seeb, JE AF Larson, Wesley A. McKinney, Garrett J. Limborg, Morten T. Everett, Meredith V. Seeb, Lisa W. Seeb, James E. TI Identification of Multiple QTL Hotspots in Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing and a Dense Linkage Map SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE condition factor; genotyping by sequencing; linkage map; quantitative trait loci; RAD; sockeye salmon; size; thermotolerance ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENOME DUPLICATION EVENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; POPULATION GENOMICS; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; BODY-WEIGHT; RAD MARKERS; REVEALS; SALAR; CONSERVATION AB Understanding the genetic architecture of phenotypic traits can provide important information about the mechanisms and genomic regions involved in local adaptation and speciation. Here, we used genotyping-by-sequencing and a combination of previously published and newly generated data to construct sex-specific linkage maps for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). We then used the denser female linkage map to conduct quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for 4 phenotypic traits in 3 families. The female linkage map consisted of 6322 loci distributed across 29 linkage groups and was 4082 cM long, and the male map contained 2179 loci found on 28 linkage groups and was 2291 cM long. We found 26 QTL: 6 for thermotolerance, 5 for length, 9 for weight, and 6 for condition factor. QTL were distributed nonrandomly across the genome and were often found in hotspots containing multiple QTL for a variety of phenotypic traits. These hotspots may represent adaptively important regions and are excellent candidates for future research. Comparing our results with studies in other salmonids revealed several regions with overlapping QTL for the same phenotypic trait, indicating these regions may be adaptively important across multiple species. Altogether, our study demonstrates the utility of genomic data for investigating the genetic basis of important phenotypic traits. Additionally, the linkage map created here will enable future research on the genetic basis of phenotypic traits in salmon. C1 [Larson, Wesley A.; McKinney, Garrett J.; Limborg, Morten T.; Seeb, Lisa W.; Seeb, James E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St,Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Limborg, Morten T.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Everett, Meredith V.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Larson, WA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St,Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wlarson1@uw.edu OI Limborg, Morten T./0000-0002-7718-6531 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Bristol Bay Regional Seafood Development Association; H. Mason Keeler Endowment for Excellence; US National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-0718124]; Danish Council for Independent Research's career program Sapere Aude [12-126687] FX Funding was provided by grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the Bristol Bay Regional Seafood Development Association. W.A.L. was supported by the H. Mason Keeler Endowment for Excellence and a US National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (grant # DGE-0718124). M.T.L. was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research's career program Sapere Aude (Grant # 12-126687). NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 107 IS 2 BP 122 EP 133 DI 10.1093/jhered/esv099 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DD6VY UT WOS:000370063900004 PM 26712859 ER PT J AU Dick, RA Barros, M Jin, DN Losche, M Vogt, VM AF Dick, Robert A. Barros, Marilia Jin, Danni Loesche, Mathias Vogt, Volker M. TI Membrane Binding of the Rous Sarcoma Virus Gag Protein Is Cooperative and Dependent on the Spacer Peptide Assembly Domain SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; TYPE-1 GAG; HIV-1 GAG; IN-VITRO; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MATRIX DOMAIN; P10 DOMAIN; RETROVIRAL MATRIX; MODEL MEMBRANES; NUCLEAR EXPORT AB The principles underlying membrane binding and assembly of retroviral Gag proteins into a lattice are understood. However, little is known about how these processes are related. Using purified Rous sarcoma virus Gag and Gag truncations, we studied the interrelation of Gag-Gag interaction and Gag-membrane interaction. Both by liposome binding and by surface plasmon resonance on a supported bilayer, Gag bound to membranes much more tightly than did matrix (MA), the isolated membrane binding domain. In principle, this difference could be explained either by protein-protein interactions leading to cooperativity in membrane binding or by the simultaneous interaction of the N-terminal MA and the C-terminal nucleocapsid (NC) of Gag with the bilayer, since both are highly basic. However, we found that NC was not required for strong membrane binding. Instead, the spacer peptide assembly domain (SPA), a putative 24-residue helical sequence comprising the 12-residue SP segment of Gag and overlapping the capsid (CA) C terminus and the NC N terminus, was required. SPA is known to be critical for proper assembly of the immature Gag lattice. A single amino acid mutation in SPA that abrogates assembly in vitro dramatically reduced binding of Gag to liposomes. In vivo, plasma membrane localization was dependent on SPA. Disulfide cross-linking based on ectopic Cys residues showed that the contacts between Gag proteins on the membrane are similar to the known contacts in virus-like particles. Taken together, we interpret these results to mean that Gag membrane interaction is cooperative in that it depends on the ability of Gag to multimerize. IMPORTANCE The retroviral structural protein Gag has three major domains. The N-terminal MA domain interacts directly with the plasma membrane (PM) of cells. The central CA domain, together with immediately adjoining sequences, facilitates the assembly of thousands of Gag molecules into a lattice. The C-terminal NC domain interacts with the genome, resulting in packaging of viral RNA. For assembly in vitro with purified Gag, in the absence of membranes, binding of NC to nucleic acid somehow facilitates further Gag-Gag interactions that lead to formation of the Gag lattice. The contributions of MA-mediated membrane binding to virus particle assembly are not well understood. Here, we report that in the absence of nucleic acid, membranes provide a platform that facilitates Gag-Gag interactions. This study demonstrates that the binding of Gag, but not of MA, to membranes is cooperative and identifies SPA as a major factor that controls this cooperativity. C1 [Dick, Robert A.; Jin, Danni; Vogt, Volker M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY USA. [Barros, Marilia; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dick, RA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY USA. EM rad82@cornell.edu RI Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013 OI Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X FU HHS \ NIH \ National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [R01GM107013, R01GM101647] FX HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) provided funding to Robert A. Dick, Danni Jin, and Volker M. Vogt under grant number R01GM107013. HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) provided funding to Marilia Barros and Mathias Losche under grant number R01GM101647. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 90 IS 5 BP 2473 EP 2485 DI 10.1128/JVI.02733-15 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA DD6AF UT WOS:000370005400026 PM 26676779 ER PT J AU Crona, BI Basurto, X Squires, D Gelcich, S Daw, TM Khan, A Havice, E Chomo, V Troell, M Buchary, EA Allison, EH AF Crona, Beatrice I. Basurto, Xavier Squires, Dale Gelcich, Stefan Daw, Tim M. Khan, Ahmed Havice, Elizabeth Chomo, Victoria Troell, Max Buchary, Eny A. Allison, Edward H. TI Towards a typology of interactions between small-scale fisheries and global seafood trade SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Seafood; Trade; Typology; Dynamics; Small-scale fisheries; Interactions ID LAND-USE; FOOD SECURITY; FISH; RESOURCES; DYNAMICS; ACCESS; SUSTAINABILITY; DEFORESTATION; AQUACULTURE; PACIFIC AB Fish and fish-related products are among the most highly traded commodities globally and the proportion of globally harvested fish that is internationally traded has steadily risen over time. Views on the benefits of international seafood trade diverge, partly as a result from adopting either an aggregate national focus or a focus on local market actors. However, both views generally assume that the trade in question is characterized by export of fisheries resources to international markets. This is potentially misleading as empirical evidence suggests that import of seafood can also have impacts on local SSF dynamics. A systematic analysis of the different ways in which local production systems connect to international seafood markets can therefore help shed more light on why small-scale fisheries exhibit such differences in outcomes as they engage in an increasingly global seafood trade. This paper conducts a synthesis across 24 cases from around the world and develops a typology of small-scale fisheries and how they connect to and interact with international seafood trade. The analysis is based on key features drawn from trade theory regarding how trade interacts with local production. The implications of the findings for social and ecological sustainability of small-scale fisheries are discussed with the aim of identifying further research topics which deserve attention to better inform trade policy for more sustainable fisheries and more just wealth distribution from their trade. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Crona, Beatrice I.; Buchary, Eny A.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Global Econ Dynam & Biosphere, Box 50005, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Crona, Beatrice I.; Daw, Tim M.] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Basurto, Xavier] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Squires, Dale] US NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Gelcich, Stefan] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Appl Ecol & Sustainabil CAPES, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile. [Gelcich, Stefan] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ecol, Ctr Conservac Marina, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile. [Khan, Ahmed] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, UNEP IEMP, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Havice, Elizabeth] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Saunders Hall,CB 3220, Chapel Hill, NC 27510 USA. [Chomo, Victoria] FAO, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Viale Terme Caracalla, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Troell, Max] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Beijer Inst Ecol Econ, Box 50005, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Allison, Edward H.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, 1492 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Crona, BI (reprint author), Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Global Econ Dynam & Biosphere, Box 50005, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. EM beatrice.crona@kva.se OI Troell, Max/0000-0002-7509-8140 FU MISTRA; Erling-Persson Foundation; Global Environmental Dynamics; Biosphere program at the Royal Swedish Academy of Science; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Conicyt FB; Milenio Initiative NC [120086]; Young International Scientist Fellowship under UNEP-IEMP [2012 YlZA0010] FX Funding for this paper was provided through a core grant by MISTRA to the Stockholm Resilience Center. The lead author (and EAB) were also funded by the Erling-Persson Foundation, through the Global Environmental Dynamics and the Biosphere program at the Royal Swedish Academy of Science. Input by remaining authors were supported by David and Lucile Packard Foundation (XB), Conicyt FB 0002 and Milenio Initiative NC 120086 (SG), and the Young International Scientist Fellowship Grant no. 2012 YlZA0010 under UNEP-IEMP (AK). Any opinions, findings or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of U.S. NOAA Fisheries or the other funding agencies. Finally, thank you to Mark Sanctuary for pointing us in the direction of relevant aspects of trade theory during early stages of this work. NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 65 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.11.016 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA DD7IF UT WOS:000370096200001 ER PT J AU Huang, HW Swimmer, Y Bigelow, K Gutierrez, A Foster, DG AF Huang, Hsiang-Wen Swimmer, Yonat Bigelow, Keith Gutierrez, Alexis Foster, Daniel G. TI Influence of hook type on catch of commercial and bycatch species in an Atlantic tuna fishery SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Circle hook; Tuna; Sea turtle bycatch; Deep set longline; Regional fisheries management; organization ID PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; SEA-TURTLE BYCATCH; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; CIRCLE HOOKS; LEPIDOCHELYS-OLIVACEA; RELEASE FISHERIES; BY-CATCH; MORTALITY; OCEAN; RATES AB Experimental sets were conducted on a Taiwanese deep set longline fishing vessel operating in the tropical Atlantic Ocean to evaluate the effects of relatively wide circle hooks vs. Japanese tuna hooks with respect to catch rates of both target and incidental species. On circle hooks there were significantly higher catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), yellowfin tuna (T. albacares), swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and blue sharks (Prionace glauca) as compared to tuna hooks. Significantly higher rates of albacore (T. alalunga) and longbill spearfish (Tetrapterus pfluegeri) were caught on Japanese tuna hooks as compared to circle hooks. Overall, 55 sea turtles were incidentally captured, most (n=47) of which were leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea), and capture rates were similar between hook type. Immediate survival rates (percentage alive) when landed were statistically similar for all major target fish species and sea turtles independent of hook type. Most (64%) sea turtles were hooked on the first and second branchlines closest to the float, which are the shallowest hooks deployed on a longline. Lengths of six retained species were compared between hook types. Of these, swordfish was the only species to show a significant difference in length by hook type, which were significantly larger on circle hooks compared to tuna hooks. Additional incentives to use circle hooks would be the increased catch rate in targeted bigeye tuna over traditional Japanese tuna hooks. This international collaboration was initiated in direct response to regional fisheries management organization recommendations that encourage member countries to conduct experiments aimed to identify means to reduce bycatch in longline fishing gear. Information presented may be useful for managers in developing international fisheries policies that aim to balance increases in commercial fishery revenue and endangered species protection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Huang, Hsiang-Wen] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Ctr Excellence Oceans, Inst Marine Affairs & Resource Management, Keelung, Taiwan. [Swimmer, Yonat; Bigelow, Keith] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Gutierrez, Alexis] NOAA Fisheries, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Foster, Daniel G.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS USA. RP Swimmer, Y (reprint author), 501 W Ocean Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. EM yonat.swimmer@noaa.gov FU United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) [NFFR7400-12-03329] FX This project was funded by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) (Grant No. NFFR7400-12-03329) through a monetary arrangement with the International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT). The experiment was conducted and implemented by the Taiwan Fisheries Agency with technical expertize provided by NMFS. Appreciation is extended to Mr. Tsai, the fisheries observer, for his efforts on board the fishing vessel to collect this valuable information, the Fisheries Agency for providing the relevant bycatch database, and to the Taiwan Tuna Association and Yuan-Hung Company for their assistance. Additional gratitude is extended to Kim Dietrich who provided the observer training and to Daniel Curran of NMFS PIFSC who assisted with gear configurations as well as valuable editorial contributions. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 65 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.12.016 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA DD7IF UT WOS:000370096200008 ER PT J AU Wylie, L Sutton-Grier, AE Moore, A AF Wylie, Lindsay Sutton-Grier, Ariana E. Moore, Amber TI Keys to successful blue carbon projects: Lessons learned from global case studies SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Seagrass, salt marsh and mangroves; Soil carbon; Carbon sequestration and storage; UNFCCC; Voluntary carbon market ID ECOSYSTEMS; STOCK AB Ecosystem services such as protection from storms and erosion, tourism benefits, and climate adaptation and mitigation have been increasingly recognized as important considerations for environmental policymalcing. Recent research has shown that coastal ecosystems such as seagrasses, salt marshes, and mangroves provide climate mitigation services because they are particularly effective at sequestering and storing carbon dioxide, referred to as "coastal blue carbon". Unfortunately, degradation of blue carbon ecosystems due to anthropogenic impacts contributes to anthropogenic carbon emissions from land use impacts and prevents these ecosystems from continuing to sequester and store carbon. Given the impressive carbon sequestration and storage in coastal ecosystems, many countries with blue carbon resources are beginning to implement blue carbon restoration projects using carbon financing mechanisms. This study analyzed four case studies of projects in Kenya, India, Vietnam, and Madagascar, evaluating the individual carbon financing mechanisms, the project outcomes, and the policy implications of each. Strengths and challenges of implementing blue carbon projects are discussed and considerations that all projects should address are examined in order to develop long-term sustainable climate mitigation or adaptation policies. This analysis can help to inform future project design considerations as well as policy opportunities. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wylie, Lindsay] Amer Univ, Sch Int Serv, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.] Univ Maryland, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Moore, Amber] NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Moore, Amber] Puget Sound Partnership, 326 East D St, Tacoma, WA 98421 USA. RP Sutton-Grier, AE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.; Sutton-Grier, AE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ariana.suttongrier@gmail.com OI Sutton-Grier, Ariana/0000-0002-1242-7728 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - CICS) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC [NA14NES4320003]; Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship program FX We would like to thank many people who helped provide information for this manuscript including: Jonathan Lambert, Yunziyi Land, Yuanrong Zhou, and Yixing Zhu from Columbia University for getting this project started; and Dr. Mark Huxham, Stephen Crooks, Ajanta Dey, Leah Glass, Richard McNally, and Terese Goransson for their communication and assistance. The Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship program provided funding and support for L. Wylie to undertake this research. A. Sutton-Grier was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant NA14NES4320003 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - CICS) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 21 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 65 BP 76 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.12.020 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA DD7IF UT WOS:000370096200009 ER PT J AU Ripple, DC Hu, ZS AF Ripple, Dean C. Hu, Zhishang TI Correcting the Relative Bias of Light Obscuration and Flow Imaging Particle Counters SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE flow imaging; flow microscopy; light obscuration; particle; protein aggregate ID SILICONE OIL DROPLETS; SUBVISIBLE PARTICLES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; PROTEIN PARTICLES; PHASE RETRIEVAL; SCATTERING; FORMULATIONS; IMMUNOGENICITY; PERSPECTIVE; MICROSCOPY AB Industry and regulatory bodies desire more accurate methods for counting and characterizing particles. Measurements of proteinaceous-particle concentrations by light obscuration and flow imaging can differ by factors of ten or more. We propose methods to correct the diameters reported by light obscuration and flow imaging instruments. For light obscuration, diameters were rescaled based on characterization of the refractive index of typical particles and a light scattering model for the extinction efficiency factor. The light obscuration models are applicable for either homogeneous materials (e.g., silicone oil) or for chemically homogeneous, but spatially non-uniform aggregates (e.g., protein aggregates). For flow imaging, the method relied on calibration of the instrument with silica beads suspended in water-glycerol mixtures. These methods were applied to a silicone-oil droplet suspension and four particle suspensions containing particles produced from heat stressed and agitated human serum albumin, agitated polyclonal immunoglobulin, and abraded ethylene tetrafluoroethylene polymer. All suspensions were measured by two flow imaging and one light obscuration apparatus. Prior to correction, results from the three instruments disagreed by a factor ranging from 3.1 to 48 in particle concentration over the size range from 2 to 20 mu m. Bias corrections reduced the disagreement from an average factor of 14 down to an average factor of 1.5. The methods presented show promise in reducing the relative bias between light obscuration and flow imaging. C1 [Ripple, Dean C.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Zhishang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, Ctr Computat & Syst Biol, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Ripple, DC (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dean.ripple@nist.gov NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0724-8741 EI 1573-904X J9 PHARM RES-DORDR JI Pharm. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 33 IS 3 BP 653 EP 672 DI 10.1007/s11095-015-1817-9 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA DD5EV UT WOS:000369946400010 PM 26555667 ER PT J AU Orji, NG Itoh, H Wang, C Dixson, RG Walecki, PS Schmid, SW Irmer, B AF Orji, Ndubuisi G. Itoh, Hiroshi Wang, Chumei Dixson, Ronald G. Walecki, Peter S. Schmid, Sebastian W. Irmer, Bernd TI Tip characterization method using multi-feature characterizer for CD-AFM SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Critical dimension atomic force microscope; Tip characterizer; Tip dilation ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION; IMAGE SIMULATION; SHAPE AB In atomic force microscopy (AFM) metrology, the tip is a key source of uncertainty. Images taken with an AFM show a change in feature width and shape that depends on tip geometry. This geometric dilation is more pronounced when measuring features with high aspect ratios, and makes it difficult to obtain absolute dimensions. In order to accurately measure nanoscale features using an AFM, the tip dimensions should be known with a high degree of precision. We evaluate a new AFM tip characterizer, and apply it to critical dimension AFM (CD-AFM) tips used for high aspect ratio features. The characterizer is made up of comb-shaped lines and spaces, and includes a series of gratings that could be used as an integrated nanoscale length reference. We also demonstrate a simulation method that could be used to specify what range of tip sizes and shapes the characterizer can measure. Our experiments show that for non reentrant features, the results obtained with this characterizer are consistent to 1 nm with the results obtained by using widely accepted but slower methods that are common practice in CD-AFM metrology. A validation of the integrated length standard using displacement interferometry indicates a uniformity of better than 0.75%, suggesting that the sample could be used as highly accurate and SI traceable lateral scale for the whole evaluation process. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Orji, Ndubuisi G.; Dixson, Ronald G.; Walecki, Peter S.] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Itoh, Hiroshi; Wang, Chumei] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba Cent Res Inst Instrumentat Frontier, Nanoscale Microspect Anal Grp, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Walecki, Peter S.] Florida Atlantic Univ, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Schmid, Sebastian W.; Irmer, Bernd] Nanotools GmbH, Reichenbachstr 33, D-80469 Munich, Germany. RP Orji, NG (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Nanostruct Metrol Grp, Engn Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ndubuisi.orji@nist.gov FU Engineering Physics Division at NIST, USA; Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan, Japan FX This work is partially funded by the Engineering Physics Division at NIST, USA and partially supported by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan, Japan. We thank Prem Kavuri of NIST for help with SEM images, John Dagata and Gordie Shaw of NIST for valuable comments and discussions. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD MAR PY 2016 VL 162 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.12.003 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA DD0NC UT WOS:000369615700005 PM 26720439 ER PT J AU Johnston-Peck, AC Winterstein, JP Roberts, AD DuChene, JS Qian, K Sweeny, BC Wei, WD Sharma, R Stach, EA Herzing, AA AF Johnston-Peck, Aaron C. Winterstein, Jonathan P. Roberts, Alab D. DuChene, Joseph S. Qian, Kun Sweeny, Brendan C. Wei, Wei David Sharma, Renu Stach, Eric A. Herzing, Andrew A. TI Oxidation-state sensitive imaging of cerium dioxide by atomic-resolution low-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Scanning transmission electron microscopy; Point defects; Cerium dioxide ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE; CEO2; STEM; NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; CONTRAST; SRTIO3; IMAGES AB Low-angle annular dark field (LAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging is presented as a method that is sensitive to the oxidation state of cerium ions in CeO2 nanoparticles. This relationship was validated through electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), in situ measurements, as well as multislice image simulations. Static displacements caused by the increased ionic radius of Ce3+ influence the electron channeling process and increase electron scattering to low angles while reducing scatter to high angles. This process manifests itself by reducing the high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) signal intensity while increasing the LAADF signal intensity in close proximity to Ce3+ ions. This technique can supplement STEM-EELS and in so doing, relax the experimental challenges associated with acquiring oxidation state information at high spatial resolutions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Johnston-Peck, Aaron C.; Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Winterstein, Jonathan P.; Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Roberts, Alab D.; DuChene, Joseph S.; Qian, Kun; Sweeny, Brendan C.; Wei, Wei David] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Roberts, Alab D.; DuChene, Joseph S.; Qian, Kun; Sweeny, Brendan C.; Wei, Wei David] Univ Florida, Ctr Nanostruct Elect Mat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Stach, Eric A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Johnston-Peck, AC (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aaron.johnston-peck@nist.gov RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 FU NSF [DMR-1352328-CAREER, CHE-1308644]; CCI Center for Nanostructured Electronic Materials [CHE-1038015]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012704] FX A portion of this research was performed while A.C.J.-P. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. W.D.W., A.D.R., J. S.D., K.Q., and B.C.S. thank the NSF for support under Grant DMR-1352328-CAREER, CHE-1308644, and the CCI Center for Nanostructured Electronic Materials (CHE-1038015). A.D.R. specifically acknowledges the University of Florida Howard Hughes Medical Institute Intramural Award. A portion of the work was carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials at Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, NY) through User Proposal BNL-CFN-31913 and BNL-CFN-33789, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-SC0012704. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD MAR PY 2016 VL 162 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.12.004 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA DD0NC UT WOS:000369615700008 PM 26744830 ER PT J AU Nilsen, FM Parrott, BB Bowden, JA Kassim, BL Somerville, SE Bryan, TA Bryan, CE Lange, TR Delaney, JP Brunell, AM Long, SE Guillette, LJ AF Nilsen, Frances M. Parrott, Benjamin B. Bowden, John A. Kassim, Brittany L. Somerville, Stephen E. Bryan, Teresa A. Bryan, Colleen E. Lange, Ted R. Delaney, J. Patrick Brunell, Arnold M. Long, Stephen E. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. TI Global DNA methylation loss associated with mercury contamination and aging in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE DNA methylation; Mercury; American alligator; Environmental contaminants; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Deoxyribonucleoside ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ONE-CARBON METABOLISM; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; BISPHENOL-A; BLOOD; EXPOSURE; EPIGENETICS; RIVER; HYPOMETHYLATION AB Mercury is a widespread environmental contaminant with exposures eliciting a well-documented catalog of adverse effects. Yet, knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms by which mercury exposures are translated into biological effects remains incomplete. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that is sensitive to environmental cues, and alterations in DNA methylation at the global level are associated with a variety of diseases. Using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based (LC-MS/MS) approach, global DNA methylation levels were measured in red blood cells of 144 wild American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from 6 sites with variable levels of mercury contamination across Florida's north-south axis. Variation in mercury concentrations measured in whole blood was highly associated with location, allowing the comparison of global DNA methylation levels across different "treatments" of mercury. Global DNA methylation in alligators across all locations was weakly associated with increased mercury exposure. However, a much more robust relationship was observed in those animals sampled from locations more highly contaminated with mercury. Also, similar to other vertebrates, global DNA methylation appears to decline with age in alligators. The relationship between age-associated loss of global DNA methylation and varying mercury exposures was examined to reveal a potential interaction. These findings demonstrate that global DNA methylation levels are associated with mercury exposure, and give insights into interactions between contaminants, aging, and epigenetics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nilsen, Frances M.; Bowden, John A.; Kassim, Brittany L.; Bryan, Colleen E.; Long, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Environm Chem Sci Grp, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Nilsen, Frances M.; Parrott, Benjamin B.; Somerville, Stephen E.; Bryan, Teresa A.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci, 221 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Parrott, Benjamin B.; Somerville, Stephen E.; Bryan, Teresa A.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29403 USA. [Nilsen, Frances M.; Parrott, Benjamin B.; Bowden, John A.; Kassim, Brittany L.; Somerville, Stephen E.; Bryan, Teresa A.; Bryan, Colleen E.; Long, Stephen E.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Lange, Ted R.; Brunell, Arnold M.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 601 W Woodward Ave, Eustis, FL 32726 USA. [Delaney, J. Patrick] Deseret Ranches, 13754 Deseret Lane, St Cloud, FL 34773 USA. RP Nilsen, FM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Environm Chem Sci Grp, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.; Nilsen, FM (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci, 221 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.; Nilsen, FM (reprint author), Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM frances.nilsen@noaa.gov FU CoEE Center for Marine Genomics; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (NIST) [60NANB12D225] FX This work was supported in part by the CoEE Center for Marine Genomics and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (NIST Grant #60NANB12D225). NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2016 VL 545 BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.059 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC8TQ UT WOS:000369493000040 PM 26748003 ER PT J AU Koner, PK Harris, A Maturi, E AF Koner, Prabhat K. Harris, Andrew Maturi, Eileen TI Hybrid cloud and error masking to improve the quality of deterministic satellite sea surface temperature retrieval and data coverage SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Cloud detection; Spectral differences method; Radiative transfer model; Bayesian cloud detection; Modified total least squares; Sea surface temperature; GOES-13 imager ID CLEAR-SKY; AVHRR DATA; ALGORITHM; IMAGERY; THRESHOLDS; MODIS AB In the infrared region, the quality of sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals critically depends on the cloud detection scheme. More than 5 million matchups, where the surface and top of atmosphere measurements are available, have been carefully analyzed to understand clouds related errors and to develop the advanced cloud detection scheme for improvement of satellite SST quality. The effectiveness of a Bayesian cloud detection (BCD) scheme, operationally implemented at the NOAA Office of Satellite Product Operations (OSPO) for the GOES-Imager, has been examined using an experimental filter and it is found that this scheme is not optimal. Thus, a new algorithm for cloud and error masking (CEM) scheme is proposed for physical SST retrievals. This is based on a quasi-deterministic approach combined with an approximated radiative transfer model and the functional spectral differences at pixel level. Although, traditionally the validation of cloud detection algorithms have often been reported qualitatively using visual inspection of imagery, we have made a quantitative validation of the cloud algorithm for its intended purpose by determining the quality of satellite SST retrievals against in situ data. Results show that CEM can reduce the root mean square error in SST by an average of 22% while increasing the data coverage by an average of 38% compared to the operationally implemented BCD at OSPO, as assessed over a period of fifty months. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Koner, Prabhat K.; Harris, Andrew; Maturi, Eileen] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NCWCP E RA3, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Koner, Prabhat K.; Harris, Andrew] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Koner, PK (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NCWCP E RA3, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Prabhat.Koner@noaa.gov RI Maturi, Eileen/F-5611-2010; Koner, Prabhat/C-3407-2012 FU NESDIS Product Systems Developement and implementation program through NOAA [NA09ES4400006] FX This study was Supported by the NESDIS Product Systems Developement and implementation program through NOAA grant NA09ES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-CICS) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC. We thank all the reviewers for their suggestions to improve the readbility of the manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings, contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2016 VL 174 BP 266 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.12.015 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DB8DI UT WOS:000368746800021 ER PT J AU Banerjee, D Nguyen, T Chuang, TJ AF Banerjee, Dilip Nguyen, Tinh Chuang, Tze-Jer TI Mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotube reinforced polymer composites with varied interphase's modulus and thickness: A finite element analysis study SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Finite element; Modeling; Polymer; Multiscale; Interphase; CNT; Composite ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; EPOXY COMPOSITES; LOAD-TRANSFER; NANOCOMPOSITES; STRENGTH; INTERFACES; BEHAVIOR; SCIENCE AB The role of the interphase on mechanical performance of glassy polymer/single-walled carbon nanotube composites has been investigated by finite element (FE) method. The matrix and the interphase are modeled using continuum elements and the nanotube is analyzed by Timoshenko beam elements. Stress distribution and mechanical property of the nanocomposites are quantified as a function of the interphase's modulus and thickness. For composites that include an interphase, the predicted moduli are comparable to the values calculated by the rule of mixtures, but are much lower than those of an interphase-free composite. For composites consisting of only the CNT and the matrix, the predicted modulus values are in good agreement with those computed by the rule of mixtures and with theoretical data reported in the literature, although the predicted values are considerably higher than those of real polymer/CNT composites. Using Griffin's fracture analysis for dissimilar materials, we have proved that fracture stress of the weak boundary layer in the CNT/polymer interphase is lower than that of the CNT/polymer interface or of the matrix. The weak boundary layer, which is always existing in a CNT/polymer's three dimensional interphase, is proposed as the main reason for the large discrepancy between Young's moduli predicted by the model observed in this study and reported in the literature and those measured experimentally from real-world polymer/SWCNT composites. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Banerjee, Dilip; Nguyen, Tinh] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chuang, Tze-Jer] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Banerjee, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 114 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2015.12.026 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DB6IR UT WOS:000368618800028 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Kristensen, K AF Thorson, James T. Kristensen, Kasper TI Implementing a generic method for bias correction in statistical models using random effects, with spatial and population dynamics examples SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Random effects; Mixed-effects model; Template Model Builder (TMB); Stock assessment; Epsilon estimator; Bias correction ID STOCK-REDUCTION ANALYSIS; RECRUITMENT; UNCERTAINTY; VARIABILITY; SELECTIVITY; VARIANCES; DENSITY AB Statistical models play an important role in fisheries science when reconciling ecological theory with available data for wild populations or experimental studies. Ecological models increasingly include both fixed and random effects, and are often estimated using maximum likelihood techniques. Quantities of biological or management interest ("derived quantities") are then often calculated as nonlinear functions of fixed and random effect estimates. However, the conventional "plug-in" estimator for a derived quantity in a maximum likelihood mixed-effects model will be biased whenever the estimator is calculated as a nonlinear function of random effects. We therefore describe and evaluate a new "epsilon" estimator as a generic bias-correction estimator for derived quantities. We use simulated data to compare the epsilon-method with an existing bias-correction algorithm for estimating recruitment in four configurations of an age-structured population dynamics model. This simulation experiment shows that the epsilon-method and the existing bias-correction method perform equally well in data-rich contexts, but the epsilon-method is slightly less biased in data-poor contexts. We then apply the epsilon-method to a spatial regression model when estimating an index of population abundance, and compare results with an alternative bias-correction algorithm that involves Markov-chain Monte Carlo sampling. This example shows that the epsilon-method leads to a biologically significant difference in estimates of average abundance relative to the conventional plug-in estimator, and also gives essentially identical estimates to a sample-based bias-correction estimator. The epsilon-method has been implemented by us as a generic option in the open-source Template Model Builder software, and could be adapted within other mixedeffects modeling tools such as Automatic Differentiation Model Builder for random effects. It therefore has potential to improve estimation performance for mixed-effects models throughout fisheries science. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kristensen, Kasper] Tech Univ Denmark, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM James.Thorson@noaa.gov OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 175 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.11.016 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DB0RV UT WOS:000368216100008 ER PT J AU Ruhrig, J Bauerle, T Julienne, PS Tiesinga, E Pfau, T AF Ruehrig, Jahn Baeuerle, Tobias Julienne, Paul S. Tiesinga, Eite Pfau, Tilman TI Photoassociation of spin-polarized chromium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE LIFETIME; SPECTROSCOPIC DETERMINATION; ATOMS; COLLISIONS; MOLECULES; SCATTERING; LITHIUM; STATE; GAS AB We report the homonuclear photoassociation (PA) of ultracold Cr-52 atoms in an optical dipole trap. This constitutes the measurement of PA in an element with total electron spin (S) over tilde > 1. Although Cr, with its S-7(3) ground and P-7(4,3,2) excited states, is expected to have a complicated PA spectrum we show that a spin-polarized cloud exhibits a remarkably simple PA spectrum when circularly polarized light is applied. Over a scan range of 20 GHz below the P-7(3) asymptote we observe two distinct vibrational series each following a LeRoy-Bernstein law for a C-3/R-3 potential with excellent agreement. We determine the C-3 coefficients of the Hund's case (c) relativistic adiabatic potentials to be -1.83 +/- 0.02 and -1.46 +/- 0.01 a.u.. Theoretical nonrotating Movre-Pichler calculations enable a first assignment of the series to Omega = 6(u) and 5(g) potential energy curves. In a different set of experiments we disturb the selection rules by a transverse magnetic field which leads to additional PA series. C1 [Ruehrig, Jahn; Baeuerle, Tobias; Pfau, Tilman] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 5, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Ruehrig, Jahn; Baeuerle, Tobias; Pfau, Tilman] Univ Stuttgart, Ctr Integrated Quantum Sci & Technol, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Julienne, Paul S.; Tiesinga, Eite] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.; Tiesinga, Eite] Univ Maryland, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ruhrig, J (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 5, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.; Ruhrig, J (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Ctr Integrated Quantum Sci & Technol, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Pfau, Tilman/G-1774-2011; OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU DFG [PF381/11-1] FX We thank A. Griesmaier for his contributions in the earlier stages of the experiment. This work was supported by the DFG under Contract No. PF381/11-1. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 29 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 2 AR 021406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.021406 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DF5JX UT WOS:000371389100002 ER PT J AU Hausfather, Z Cowtan, K Menne, MJ Williams, CN AF Hausfather, Zeke Cowtan, Kevin Menne, Matthew J. Williams, Claude N., Jr. TI Evaluating the impact of US Historical Climatology Network homogenization using the US Climate Reference Network SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; URBANIZATION; RECORDS; TIME AB Numerous inhomogeneities including station moves, instrument changes, and time of observation changes in the U.S. Historical Climatological Network (USHCN) complicate the assessment of long-term temperature trends. Detection and correction of inhomogeneities in raw temperature records have been undertaken by NOAA and other groups using automated pairwise neighbor comparison approaches, but these have proven controversial due to the large trend impact of homogenization in the United States. The new U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) provides a homogenous set of surface temperature observations that can serve as an effective empirical test of adjustments to raw USHCN stations. By comparing nearby pairs of USHCN and USCRN stations, we find that adjustments make both trends and monthly anomalies from USHCN stations much more similar to those of neighboring USCRN stations for the period from 2004 to 2015 when the networks overlap. These results improve our confidence in the reliability of homogenized surface temperature records. C1 [Hausfather, Zeke] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hausfather, Zeke] Berkeley Earth, Berkeley, CA USA. [Cowtan, Kevin] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Menne, Matthew J.; Williams, Claude N., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. RP Hausfather, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Hausfather, Z (reprint author), Berkeley Earth, Berkeley, CA USA. EM hausfath@berkeley.edu OI Hausfather, Zeke/0000-0002-2926-0581 FU Berkeley Earth; NOAA FX The USHCN data are available from ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/ushcn/v2.5/ The USCRN data are available from ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/uscrn/products/monthly01/. Computer code is available from http://www-users.york.ac.uk/similar to kdc3/papers/crn2016/. Z. H. is funded by Berkeley Earth. M. M. and C. W. are funded by NOAA. No specific funding or grants supported this project. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1695 EP 1701 DI 10.1002/2015GL067640 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH9IF UT WOS:000373109000037 ER PT J AU Swales, D Alexander, M Hughes, M AF Swales, Dustin Alexander, Mike Hughes, Mimi TI Examining moisture pathways and extreme precipitation in the US Intermountain West using self-organizing maps SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INLAND PENETRATION; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; UNITED-STATES; LANDFALL; EVENTS AB Self-organizing maps (SOMs) were used to explore relationships between large-scale synoptic conditions, especially vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT), and extreme precipitation events in the U.S. Intermountain West (IMW). By examining spatial patterns in the IVT, pathways are identified where moisture can penetrate into the IMW. A substantial number of extreme precipitation events in the IMW are associated with infrequently occurring synoptic patterns. The transition frequency between each of the SOM nodes, which indicate temporal relationships between the patterns, identified two synoptic settings associated with extreme precipitation in the IMW: (1) a landfalling, zonally propagating trough that results in a concentrated IVT band that moves southward as the system moves inland and (2) a southwesterly storm track associated with strong ridging over the coast that results in persistent IVT transport into the Pacific Northwest that can last for several days. C1 [Swales, Dustin; Hughes, Mimi] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Swales, Dustin; Alexander, Mike; Hughes, Mimi] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Swales, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Swales, D (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM dustin.swales@noaa.gov RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU Bureau of Reclamation FX The authors would like to thank the Bureau of Reclamation for their financial support for this work and in particular Kathleen Holman for her feedback and constructive comments along the way, Nathaniel Johnson at GFDL for providing guidance in the early stages of this work, and also James Scott and Kelly Mahoney at the University of Colorado/CIRES for their helpful suggestions. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1727 EP 1735 DI 10.1002/2015GL067478 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH9IF UT WOS:000373109000041 ER PT J AU Castaneda, CA Chaturvedi, A Camara, CM Curtis, JE Krueger, S Fushman, D AF Castaneda, Carlos A. Chaturvedi, Apurva Camara, Christina M. Curtis, Joseph E. Krueger, Susan Fushman, David TI Linkage-specific conformational ensembles of non-canonical polyubiquitin chains SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION TENSOR; UBIQUITIN CHAINS; DI-UBIQUITIN; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; N-15 RELAXATION; NMR RELAXATION; PROTEIN; DOMAIN; DYNAMICS; REVEALS AB Polyubiquitination is a critical protein post-translational modification involved in a variety of processes in eukaryotic cells. The molecular basis for selective recognition of the polyubiquitin signals by cellular receptors is determined by the conformations polyubiquitin chains adopt; this has been demonstrated for K48- and K63-linked chains. Recent studies of the so-called non-canonical chains (linked via K6, K11, K27, K29, or K33) suggest they play important regulatory roles in growth, development, and immune system pathways, but biophysical studies are needed to elucidate the physical/structural basis of their interactions with receptors. A first step towards this goat is characterization of the conformations these chains adopt in solution. We assembled diubiquitins (Ub(2)) comprised of every lysine linkage. Using solution NMR measurements, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and in silico ensemble generation, we determined population-weighted conformational ensembles that shed light on the structure and dynamics of the non-canonical polyubiquitin chains. We found that polyubiquitin is conformationally heterogeneous, and each chain type exhibits unique conformational ensembles. For example, K6-Ub(2) and K11-Ub(2) (at physiological salt concentration) are in dynamic equilibrium between at least two conformers, where one exhibits a unique Ub/Ub interface, distinct from that observed in K48-Ub(2) but similar to crystal structures of these chains. Conformers for K29-Ub(2) and K33-Ub(2) resemble recent crystal structures in the ligand-bound state. Remarkably, a number of diubiquitins adopt conformers similar to K48-Ub(2) or K63-Ub(2), suggesting potential overlap of biological function among different lysine linkages. These studies highlight the potential power of determining function from elucidation of conformational states. C1 [Castaneda, Carlos A.; Chaturvedi, Apurva; Camara, Christina M.; Fushman, David] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Biomol Struct & Org, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Curtis, Joseph E.; Krueger, Susan] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Castaneda, Carlos A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Castaneda, Carlos A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Castaneda, CA; Fushman, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Biomol Struct & Org, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Castaneda, CA (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.; Castaneda, CA (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM cacastan@syr.edu; fushman@umd.edu FU NIH [GM065334]; NSF [DMR-0944772, CHE-1265821]; EPSRC [EP/K039121/1] FX This work was supported in part by a NSF postdoctoral award to C.A.C. and NIH R01 grant GM065334 to D.F., utilized neutron scattering facilities supported by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772, and benefited from CCP-SAS software developed through a joint EPSRC (EP/K039121/1) and NSF (CHE-1265821) grant. We thank Emma Dixon for assistance in assembly and purification of some Ub2 proteins, and Konstantin Berlin for helpful discussions regarding SES. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2016 VL 18 IS 8 BP 5771 EP 5788 DI 10.1039/c5cp04601g PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DG3ET UT WOS:000371953000010 PM 26422168 ER PT J AU Johnson-Wilke, RL Wilke, RHT Yeager, CB Tinberg, DS Reaney, IM Levin, I Fong, DD Trolier-McKinstry, S AF Johnson-Wilke, R. L. Wilke, R. H. T. Yeager, C. B. Tinberg, D. S. Reaney, I. M. Levin, I. Fong, D. D. Trolier-McKinstry, S. TI Phase transitions and octahedral rotations in epitaxial Ag(TaxNb1-x)O-3 thin films under tensile strain (vol 117, 085309, 2015) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Johnson-Wilke, R. L.; Wilke, R. H. T.; Yeager, C. B.; Tinberg, D. S.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Johnson-Wilke, R. L.; Wilke, R. H. T.; Yeager, C. B.; Tinberg, D. S.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.] Penn State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Reaney, I. M.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sir Robert Hadfield Bldg,Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Levin, I.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fong, D. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Johnson-Wilke, RL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Johnson-Wilke, RL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 8 AR 089901 DI 10.1063/1.4942820 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DF8IT UT WOS:000371601800064 ER PT J AU Hu, WW Hu, M Hu, W Jimenez, JL Yuan, B Chen, WT Wang, M Wu, YS Chen, C Wang, ZB Peng, JF Zeng, LM Shao, M AF Hu, Weiwei Hu, Min Hu, Wei Jimenez, Jose L. Yuan, Bin Chen, Wentai Wang, Ming Wu, Yusheng Chen, Chen Wang, Zhibin Peng, Jianfei Zeng, Limin Shao, Min TI Chemical composition, sources, and aging process of submicron aerosols in Beijing: Contrast between summer and winter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE PM1 concentration; Beijing winter; summer; aerosol composition; secondary; primary OA; source apportionment ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; BIOMASS BURNING CONTRIBUTION; URBAN SUPERSITE T0; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MEXICO-CITY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; COAL COMBUSTION AB To investigate the seasonal characteristics of submicron aerosol (PM1) in Beijing urban areas, a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol-mass-spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was utilized at an urban site in summer (August to September 2011) and winter (November to December 2010), coupled with multiple state of the art online instruments. The average mass concentrations of PM1 (60-84 mu gm(-3)) and its chemical compositions in different campaigns of Beijing were relatively consistent in recent years. In summer, the daily variations of PM1 mass concentrations were stable and repeatable. Eighty-two percent of the PM1 mass concentration on average was composed of secondary species, where 62% is secondary inorganic aerosol and 20% secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In winter, PM1 mass concentrations changed dramatically because of the different meteorological conditions. The high average fraction (58%) of primary species in PM1 including primary organic aerosol (POA), black carbon, and chloride indicates primary emissions usually played a more important role in the winter. However, aqueous chemistry resulting in efficient secondary formation during occasional periods with high relative humidity may also contribute substantially to haze in winter. Results of past OA source apportionment studies in Beijing show 45-67% of OA in summer and 22-50% of OA in winter can be composed of SOA. Based on the source apportionment results, we found 45% POA in winter and 61% POA in summer are from nonfossil sources, contributed by cooking OA in both seasons and biomass burning OA (BBOA) in winter. Cooking OA, accounting for 13-24% of OA, is an important nonfossil carbon source in all years of Beijing and should not be neglected. The fossil sources of POA include hydrocarbon-like OA from vehicle emissions in both seasons and coal combustion OA (CCOA) in winter. The CCOA and BBOA were the two main contributors (57% of OA) for the highest OA concentrations (>100 mu gm(-3)) in winter. The POA/CO ratios in winter and summer are 11 and 16 mu gm(-3)ppm(-1), respectively, similar to ratios from western cities. Higher OOA/O-x (=NO2+O-3) ratio (0.49 mu gm(-3)ppb(-1)) in winter study than these ratios from western cities (0.03-0.16 mu gm(-3)ppb(-1)) was observed, which may be due to the aqueous reaction or extra SOA formation contributed by semivolatile organic compounds from various primary sources (e.g., BBOA or CCOA) in Beijing. The evolution of oxygen to carbon ratio (O/C) with photochemical age allows to estimate an equivalent rate constant for chemical aging of OA in summer as k(OH)similar to 4.1x10(-12)cm(3)molecule(-1)s(-1), which is of the same order as obtained in other anthropogenic influenced areas and may be useful for OA modeling. C1 [Hu, Weiwei; Hu, Min; Hu, Wei; Yuan, Bin; Chen, Wentai; Wang, Ming; Wu, Yusheng; Chen, Chen; Wang, Zhibin; Peng, Jianfei; Zeng, Limin; Shao, Min] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Hu, Weiwei; Yuan, Bin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yuan, Bin] Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, Zhibin] Max Planck Inst Chem, Multiphase Chem Dept, Mainz, Germany. RP Hu, M (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM minhu@pku.edu.cn RI Zeng, Limin/D-3948-2013; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012; Peng, Jianfei/F-1438-2015; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Wang, Zhibin/K-7365-2013; OI Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Hu, Wei/0000-0002-0416-1130 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB05010500]; China Ministry of Science and Technology [2013CB228503]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [21190052, 91544214]; China Ministry of Environmental Protection's Special Funds for Scientific Research on Public Welfare [20130916]; NSF [AGS-1360834] FX This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB05010500), National Basic Research Program, China Ministry of Science and Technology (2013CB228503), National Natural Science Foundation of China (21190052; 91544214), and the China Ministry of Environmental Protection's Special Funds for Scientific Research on Public Welfare (20130916). J.L.J. was supported by NSF AGS-1360834. The data presented in this study are available from the authors upon request (minhu@pku.edu.cn). NR 117 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 46 U2 84 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 1955 EP 1977 DI 10.1002/2015JD024020 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7MK UT WOS:000372977900037 ER PT J AU Pollack, IB Homeyer, CR Ryerson, TB Aikin, KC Peischl, J Apel, EC Campos, T Flocke, F Hornbrook, RS Knapp, DJ Montzka, DD Weinheimer, AJ Riemer, D Diskin, G Sachse, G Mikoviny, T Wisthaler, A Bruning, E MacGorman, D Cummings, KA Pickering, KE Huntrieser, H Lichtenstern, M Schlager, H Barth, MC AF Pollack, I. B. Homeyer, C. R. Ryerson, T. B. Aikin, K. C. Peischl, J. Apel, E. C. Campos, T. Flocke, F. Hornbrook, R. S. Knapp, D. J. Montzka, D. D. Weinheimer, A. J. Riemer, D. Diskin, G. Sachse, G. Mikoviny, T. Wisthaler, A. Bruning, E. MacGorman, D. Cummings, K. A. Pickering, K. E. Huntrieser, H. Lichtenstern, M. Schlager, H. Barth, M. C. TI Airborne quantification of upper tropospheric NOx production from lightning in deep convective storms over the United States Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Lightning; nitrogen oxides; NOx production per flash; Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry Experiment; upper tropospheric chemistry ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; TRANSPORT MODELS; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NEW-MEXICO; JULY 10; THUNDERSTORMS; SYSTEM; OZONE AB The reported range for global production of nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) by lightning remains large (e.g., 32 to 664mol NOx flash(-1)), despite incorporating results from over 30 individual laboratory, theoretical, and field studies since the 1970s. Airborne and ground-based observations from the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry experiment in May and June 2012 provide a new data set for calculating moles of NOx produced per lightning flash, P(NOx), in thunderstorms over the United States Great Plains. This analysis utilizes a combination of in situ observations of storm inflow and outflow from three instrumented aircraft, three-dimensional spatial information from ground-based radars and satellite observations, and spatial and temporal information for intracloud and cloud-to-ground lightning flashes from ground-based lightning mapping arrays. Evaluation of two analysis methods (e.g., a volume-based approach and a flux-based approach) for converting enhancements in lightning-produced NOx from volume-based mixing ratios to moles NOx flash(-1) suggests that both methods equally approximate P(NOx) for storms with elongated anvils, while the volume-based approach better approximates P(NOx) for storms with circular-shaped anvils. Results from the more robust volume-based approach for three storms sampled over Oklahoma and Colorado during DC3 suggest a range of 142 to 291 (average of 194) moles NOx flash(-1) (or 117-332mol NOx flash(-1) including uncertainties). Although not vastly different from the previously reported range for storms occurring in the Great Plains (e.g., 21-465mol NOx flash(-1)), results from this analysis of DC3 storms offer more constrained upper and lower limits for P(NOx) in this geographical region. C1 [Pollack, I. B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Homeyer, C. R.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ryerson, T. B.; Aikin, K. C.; Peischl, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Aikin, K. C.; Peischl, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Apel, E. C.; Campos, T.; Flocke, F.; Hornbrook, R. S.; Knapp, D. J.; Montzka, D. D.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Barth, M. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Riemer, D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Diskin, G.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sachse, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Mikoviny, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway. [Wisthaler, A.] Inst Ionenphys & Angew Phys, Innsbruck, Austria. [Bruning, E.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [MacGorman, D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Cummings, K. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pickering, K. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Huntrieser, H.; Lichtenstern, M.; Schlager, H.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. RP Pollack, IB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ipollack@rams.colostate.edu RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Homeyer, Cameron/D-5034-2013; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196; Homeyer, Cameron/0000-0002-4883-6670; FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); NASA [NNH12AT30I] FX The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). Archived field data can be accessed from http://data.eol.ucar.edu/ or http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ArcView/dc3-seac4rs. NLDN data are collected by Vaisala, Inc. and archived at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center for NASA-related Earth Science research. Data provided by NCAR/EOL are supported by the National Science Foundation. Support for NOAA chemiluminescence-based measurements of O3, NO, NO2, and NOy aboard the NASA DC-8 during DC3 comes from NASA grant NNH12AT30I. Acetone/propanal measurements aboard the DC-8 during DC3 were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation, and Technology (BMVIT) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). The authors acknowledge R.C. Cohen and B. Nault (University of California, Berkeley) for TD-LIF NO2 measurements aboard the DC-8 aircraft, O. Cooper (NOAA) for digested images from the GOES satellite, SPEC Inc. for cloud probe measurements aboard the DC-8, K. Froyd (NOAA) and M. Markovic (Environment Canada) for providing a visual-based cloud indicator for DC-8 flights, A. Minikin and D. Fuetterer (DLR) for providing cloud probe data from the Falcon aircraft, and J. Jensen and J. Stith (NCAR/EOL) for cloud data products from the G-V. The authors appreciate discussions with S.A. Rutledge, B. Fuchs, and B. Basarab (Colorado State University) and helpful comments on the manuscript from B.A. Ridley (NCAR-emeritus) and M. Trainer (NOAA). NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 2002 EP 2028 DI 10.1002/2015JD023941 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7MK UT WOS:000372977900039 ER PT J AU Wolf, F Wan, Y Heip, JC Gebert, F Shi, CY Schmidt, PO AF Wolf, Fabian Wan, Yong Heip, Jan C. Gebert, Florian Shi, Chunyan Schmidt, Piet O. TI Non-destructive state detection for quantum logic spectroscopy of molecular ions SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID COLD TRAPPED IONS; GROUND-STATE; GATE AB Precision laser spectroscopy(1) of cold and trapped molecular ions is a powerful tool in fundamental physics-used, for example, in determining fundamental constants(2), testing for their possible variation in the laboratory(3,4), and searching for a possible electric dipole moment of the electron(5). However, the absence of cycling transitions in molecules poses a challenge for direct laser cooling of the ions(6), and for controlling(7-11) and detecting their quantum states. Previously used state-detection techniques based on photodissociation(12) or chemical reactions(13) are destructive and therefore inefficient, restricting the achievable resolution in laser spectroscopy. Here, we experimentally demonstrate non-destructive detection of the quantum state of a single trapped molecular ion through its strong Coulomb coupling to a well controlled, co-trapped atomic ion. An algorithm based on a state-dependent optical dipole force(14) changes the internal state of the atom according to the internal state of the molecule. We show that individual quantum states in the molecular ion can be distinguished by the strength of their coupling to the optical dipole force. We also observe quantum jumps (induced by black-body radiation) between rotational states of a single molecular ion. Using the detuning dependence of the state-detection signal, we implement a variant of quantum logic spectroscopy(15,16) of a molecular resonance. Our state-detection technique is relevant to a wide range of molecular ions, and could be applied to state-controlled quantum chemistry(17) and to spectroscopic investigations of molecules that serve as probes for interstellar clouds(18,19). C1 [Wolf, Fabian; Wan, Yong; Heip, Jan C.; Gebert, Florian; Shi, Chunyan; Schmidt, Piet O.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Schmidt, Piet O.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Quantenopt, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Wan, Yong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schmidt, PO (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.; Schmidt, PO (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Quantenopt, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM piet.schmidt@quantummetrology.de RI Schmidt, Piet/F-6384-2011 OI Schmidt, Piet/0000-0003-0773-5889 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through QUEST; State of Lower-Saxony, Hannover, Germany; Braunschweig International Graduate School of Metrology; [SCHM2678/3-1] FX We acknowledge the support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through QUEST and grant SCHM2678/3-1. This work was financially supported by the State of Lower-Saxony, Hannover, Germany. Y.W. acknowledges support from the Braunschweig International Graduate School of Metrology. We thank E. Tiemann, H. Knockel, O. Dulieu and I.D. Leroux for discussions; M. Drewsen and O. Dulieu for the transition-matrix elements for 24MgH+; and E. Tiemann, B. Hemmerling, and I.D. Leroux for reading the manuscript. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 12 U2 31 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 25 PY 2016 VL 530 IS 7591 BP 457 EP + DI 10.1038/nature16513 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DE5RW UT WOS:000370690800030 PM 26855427 ER PT J AU McKinley, GA Pilcher, DJ Fay, AR Lindsay, K Long, MC Lovenduski, NS AF McKinley, Galen A. Pilcher, Darren J. Fay, Amanda R. Lindsay, Keith Long, Matthew C. Lovenduski, Nicole S. TI Timescales for detection of trends in the ocean carbon sink SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; NATURAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; DIOXIDE; FLUXES; CMIP5; ATLANTIC; LEARN AB The ocean has absorbed 41 per cent of all anthropogenic carbon emitted as a result of fossil fuel burning and cement manufacture(1,2). The magnitude and the large-scale distribution of the ocean carbon sink is well quantified for recent decades(3,4). In contrast, temporal changes in the oceanic carbon sink remain poorly understood(5-7). It has proved difficult to distinguish between air-to-sea carbon flux trends that are due to anthropogenic climate change and those due to internal climate variability(5,6,8-13). Here we use a modelling approach that allows for this separation(14), revealing how the ocean carbon sink may be expected to change throughout this century in different oceanic regions. Our findings suggest that, owing to large internal climate variability, it is unlikely that changes in the rate of anthropogenic carbon uptake can be directly observed in most oceanic regions at present, but that this may become possible between 2020 and 2050 in some regions. C1 [McKinley, Galen A.; Pilcher, Darren J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [McKinley, Galen A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI USA. [McKinley, Galen A.; Fay, Amanda R.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Pilcher, Darren J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lindsay, Keith; Long, Matthew C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lovenduski, Nicole S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lovenduski, Nicole S.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McKinley, GA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA.; McKinley, GA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI USA.; McKinley, GA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. EM gamckinley@wisc.edu RI Lovenduski, Nicole/A-6226-2011; Long, Matthew/H-4632-2016 OI Lovenduski, Nicole/0000-0001-5893-1009; Long, Matthew/0000-0003-1273-2957 FU National Science Foundation; NSF; NCAR's Advanced Study Program; NASA [NNX11AF53G, NNX13AC53G]; NSF [OCE-1155240]; NOAA [NA12OAR4310058] FX The National Science Foundation sponsors National Center for Atmospheric Research, where the Community Earth System Model is developed. Computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the NSF and other agencies. NCAR's Advanced Study Program sponsored D.J.P., K.L., M.C.L. and G.A.M. to initiate this analysis. We also thank NASA for funding (grants NNX11AF53G and NNX13AC53G to G.A.M., D.J.P., A.R.F. and N.S.L.). N.S.L. also thanks the NSF (grant OCE-1155240) and NOAA (grant NA12OAR4310058). NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 18 U2 54 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 25 PY 2016 VL 530 IS 7591 BP 469 EP 472 DI 10.1038/nature16958 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DE5RW UT WOS:000370690800033 PM 26911782 ER PT J AU McJimpsey, EL AF McJimpsey, Erica L. TI Molecular Form Differences Between Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Standards Create Quantitative Discordances in PSA ELISA Measurements SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CANCER DETECTION; ASSAYS; SERUM; ESTABLISHMENT; PURIFICATION; HYPERPLASIA; CALIBRATION; PROTEINS; COMPLEX; NG/ML AB The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assays currently employed for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) lack the specificity needed to differentiate PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia and have high false positive rates. The PSA calibrants used to create calibration curves in these assays are typically purified from seminal plasma and contain many molecular forms (intact PSA and cleaved subforms). The purpose of this study was to determine if the composition of the PSA molecular forms found in these PSA standards contribute to the lack of PSA test reliability. To this end, seminal plasma purified PSA standards from different commercial sources were investigated by western blot (WB) and in multiple research grade PSA ELISAs. The WB results revealed that all of the PSA standards contained different mass concentrations of intact and cleaved molecular forms. Increased mass concentrations of intact PSA yielded higher immunoassay absorbance values, even between lots from the same manufacturer. Standardization of seminal plasma derived PSA calibrant molecular form mass concentrations and purification methods will assist in closing the gaps in PCa testing measurements that require the use of PSA values, such as the % free PSA and Prostate Health Index by increasing the accuracy of the calibration curves. C1 [McJimpsey, Erica L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [McJimpsey, Erica L.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. RP McJimpsey, EL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.; McJimpsey, EL (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. EM EL-McJimpsey@wiu.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The author gratefully acknowledges funding and support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 25 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 22050 DI 10.1038/srep22050 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DE7FA UT WOS:000370799500001 PM 26911983 ER PT J AU Mirri, F Orloff, ND Forster, AM Ashkar, R Headrick, RJ Bengio, EA Long, CJ Choi, A Luo, YM Walker, ARH Butler, P Migler, KB Pasquali, M AF Mirri, Francesca Orloff, Nathan D. Forster, Aaron M. Ashkar, Rana Headrick, Robert J. Bengio, E. Amram Long, Christian J. Choi, April Luo, Yimin Walker, Angela R. Hight Butler, Paul Migler, Kalman B. Pasquali, Matteo TI Lightweight, Flexible, High-Performance Carbon Nanotube Cables Made by Scalable Flow Coating SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; coaxial cables; dip-coating; attenuation; rheology ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; FILMS; NETWORKS; SHEAR; CALIBRATION; CONDUCTORS; RHEOLOGY; LIQUID AB Coaxial cables for data transmission are ubiquitous in telecommunications, aerospace, automotive, and robotics industries. Yet, the metals used to make commercial cables are unsuitably heavy and stiff. These undesirable traits are particularly problematic in aerospace applications, where weight is at a premium and flexibility is necessary to conform with the distributed layout of electronic components in satellites and aircraft. The cable outer conductor (OC) is usually the heaviest component of modern data cables; therefore, exchanging the conventional metallic OC for lower weight materials with comparable transmission characteristics is highly desirable. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently been proposed to replace the metal components in coaxial cables; however, signal attenuation was too high in prototypes produced so far. Here, we fabricate the OC of coaxial data cables by directly coating a solution of CNTs in chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) onto the cable inner dielectric. This coating has an electrical conductivity that is approximately 2 orders of magnitude greater than the best CNT OC reported in the literature to date. This high conductivity makes CNT coaxial cables an attractive alternative to commercial cables with a metal (tin-coated copper) OC, providing comparable cable attenuation and mechanical durability with a 97% lower component mass. C1 [Mirri, Francesca; Bengio, E. Amram; Choi, April; Luo, Yimin; Pasquali, Matteo] Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Mirri, Francesca; Headrick, Robert J.; Bengio, E. Amram; Pasquali, Matteo] Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Orloff, Nathan D.] NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Orloff, Nathan D.; Migler, Kalman B.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forster, Aaron M.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ashkar, Rana; Butler, Paul] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ashkar, Rana] Univ Maryland, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ashkar, Rana] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Headrick, Robert J.; Pasquali, Matteo] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Long, Christian J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Long, Christian J.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pasquali, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA.; Pasquali, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA.; Pasquali, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM mp@rice.edu RI Pasquali, Matteo/A-2489-2008; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Pasquali, Matteo/0000-0001-5951-395X; Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Ashkar, Rana/0000-0003-4075-2330 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-12-1-0035, FA9550-09-01-0370]; Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) [FA8650-07-2-5061]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-1668]; Rice University [70NANB12H188]; NIST [70NANB12H188, 70NANB10H193]; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Service Life of Nanoenabled Structural Polymer Composites [7314003.000]; NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship [NSTRF14, NNX14AL71H]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We acknowledge discussions pertaining to high-frequency measurement and modeling with J. C. Booth and R. McMichael at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We thank J. Obrzut for providing the network analyzer, G. Cheng for helpful discussions on Raman spectroscopy, and A. L. Forster for helping in performing the cable mechanical tests. Research was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) grants FA9550-12-1-0035, FA9550-09-01-0370, Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) agreement FA8650-07-2-5061, the Robert A. Welch Foundation (C-1668) (for F.M., M.P., A.C., Y.L., E.A.B.); a Cooperative Research Agreement (CRA) between the Rice University and NIST grant 70NANB12H188 (for N.D.O., F.M. K.M., A.R.H.W.), a Cooperative Research Agreement (CRA) between the University of Maryland and NIST grant 70NANB10H193 (for C.J.L.). The mechanical testing of the cable was funded through the Service Life of Nanoenabled Structural Polymer Composites (#7314003.000) (for A.M.F). R.J.H. was supported by a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship (NSTRF14), grant number NNX14AL71H. Some of the measurements were conducted at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, a user facility at NIST. This work utilized NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0944772 (for R.A. and P.B.). NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 19 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD FEB 24 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 7 BP 4903 EP 4910 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b11600 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DF1NF UT WOS:000371105800073 PM 26791337 ER PT J AU Gygi, D Bloch, ED Mason, JA Hudson, MR Gonzalez, MI Siegelman, RL Darwish, TA Queen, WL Brown, CM Long, JR AF Gygi, David Bloch, Eric D. Mason, Jarad A. Hudson, Matthew R. Gonzalez, Miguel I. Siegelman, Rebecca L. Darwish, Tamim A. Queen, Wendy L. Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Hydrogen Storage in the Expanded Pore Metal-Organic Frameworks M-2(dobpdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; HIGH-SURFACE-AREA; IRON(II) COORDINATION SITES; ADSORPTION PROPERTIES; HYDROCARBON SEPARATIONS; GAS-ADSORPTION; TEMPERATURE; BINDING; MOF-5; CAPACITY AB The hydrogen storage properties of a new family of isostructural metal organic frameworks are reported. The frameworks M-2(dobpdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn; dobpdc(4-) = 4,4'-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate) are analogous to the widely studied M-2(dobdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; dobdc(4-) = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) family of materials, featuring the same weak-field oxo-based ligand environment for the M2+ metal centers, but with a larger pore volume resulting from the extended length of the dobpdc(4-) linker. Hydrogen gas adsorption isotherms measured at 77 and 87 K indicate strong H-2 binding at low pressures, corresponding to the adsorption of one molecule per M2+ site. Isosteric heats of adsorption indicate adsorption enthalpies ranging from -8.8 to -12.0 kJ/mol, with the trend Zn < Mn < Fe < Mg < Co < Ni. Room-temperature high-pressure adsorption isotherms indicate enhanced gravimetric uptakes compared to the M-2(dobdc) analogues, a result of the higher surface areas and pore volumes of the expanded frameworks. Indeed, powder neutron diffraction experiments performed on Fe-2(dobpdc) reveal two additional secondary H2 adsorption sites not observed for the nonexpanded framework. While displaying higher gravimetric capacities than their nonexpanded counterparts, the larger pore volumes result in lower volumetric capacities. Upon comparison with other promising frameworks for hydrogen storage, it becomes evident that in order to design future materials for on-board hydrogen storage, care must be placed in achieving both a high surface area and a high volumetric density of exposed metal cation sites in order to maximize gravimetric and volumetric capacities simultaneously. C1 [Gygi, David; Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad A.; Gonzalez, Miguel I.; Siegelman, Rebecca L.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gygi, David; Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad A.; Gonzalez, Miguel I.; Siegelman, Rebecca L.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Darwish, Tamim A.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Natl Deuterat Facil, Lucas Heights, Australia. [Queen, Wendy L.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Valais Wallis EPFL, Dept Inst Sci & Ingn Chim, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office; DoE Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Arkema; NIST/NRC Fellowship program; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX Research at Berkeley and NIST was supported through the Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office. Single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments were performed at beamline 11.3.1 at the Advanced Light Source, a DoE Office of Science User Facility operated by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Deuteration procedures were performed at the National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation. Inelastic Neutron Scattering experiments were performed at the ISIS pulsed neutron and muon source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire, operated by the Science and Technology Facilities Council. We thank Gerald K. Branch and Arkema for fellowship support of E.D.B., the NIST/NRC Fellowship program for support of M.R.H., the National Science Foundation for fellowship support of J.A.M. Portions of this work were performed at the Molecular Foundry, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 88 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 61 U2 194 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB 23 PY 2016 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1128 EP 1138 DI 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b0453B PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DE9VK UT WOS:000370987300017 ER PT J AU Gopman, DB Lau, JW Mohanchandra, KP Wetzlar, K Carman, GP AF Gopman, D. B. Lau, J. W. Mohanchandra, K. P. Wetzlar, K. Carman, G. P. TI Determination of the exchange constant of Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2 by broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITED TBDYFE FILMS; ELECTRIC-FIELD CONTROL; SPIN-WAVE RESONANCE; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS; MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; TERFENOL-D; ANISOTROPY; STRESS AB We present measurements of the exchange stiffness D and the exchange constant A of a sputtered 80 nm Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2 film. Using a broadband ferromagnetic resonance setup in a wide frequency range from 10 to 50 GHz, multiple perpendicular standing spin-wave resonances were observed with the external static magnetic field applied in-plane. The field corresponding to the strongest resonance peak at each frequency is used to determine the effective magnetization, the g factor, and the Gilbert damping. Furthermore, the dependence of spin-wave mode on field position is observed for several frequencies. The analysis of spin-wave resonance spectra at multiple frequencies allows precise determination of the exchange stiffness D = (2.79 +/- 0.02) x 10(-17) Tm-2 for an 80 nm thick film. From this value, we calculated the exchange constant A = (9.1 +/- 0.1) pJ m(-1). C1 [Gopman, D. B.; Lau, J. W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mohanchandra, K. P.; Wetzlar, K.; Carman, G. P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Gopman, DB (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.gopman@nist.gov FU UCLA by the NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Translational Applications of Nanoscale Multiferroic Systems (TANMS) [EEC-1160504]; FAME, one of six centers of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program - MARCO; FAME, one of six centers of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program - DARPA FX This research was supported at UCLA by the NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Translational Applications of Nanoscale Multiferroic Systems (TANMS) Cooperative Agreement (Award No. EEC-1160504) and FAME, one of six centers of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program sponsored by MARCO and DARPA. Additionally, we acknowledge the support of the California Nano-Systems Institute for the utilization of their Molecular Instrumentation Center and Electron Imaging Center for NanoMachines. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 23 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 6 AR 064425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.064425 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DE7DC UT WOS:000370793400004 ER PT J AU Grutter, AJ Gilbert, DA Alaan, US Arenholz, E Maranville, BB Borchers, JA Suzuki, Y Liu, K Kirby, BJ AF Grutter, A. J. Gilbert, D. A. Alaan, U. S. Arenholz, E. Maranville, B. B. Borchers, J. A. Suzuki, Y. Liu, Kai Kirby, B. J. TI Reversible control of magnetism in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 through chemically-induced oxygen migration SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VALENCE; OXIDES; STATES; STOICHIOMETRY; MN AB We demonstrate reversible control of magnetization and anisotropy in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films through interfacial oxygen migration. Gd metal capping layers deposited onto La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 leach oxygen from the film through a solid-state redox reaction to form porous Gd2O3. X-ray absorption and polarized neutron reflectometry measurements show Mn valence alterations consistent with high oxygen vacancy concentrations, resulting in suppressed magnetization and increased coercive fields. Effects of the oxygen migration are observed both at the interface and also throughout the majority of a 40 nm thick film, suggesting extensive diffusion of oxygen vacancies. After Gd-capped La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 is exposed to atmospheric oxygen for a prolonged period of time, oxygen diffuses through the Gd2O3 layer and the magnetization of the La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 returns to the uncapped value. These findings showcase perovskite heterostructures as ideal candidates for developing functional interfaces through chemically-induced oxygen migration. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Grutter, A. J.; Gilbert, D. A.; Maranville, B. B.; Borchers, J. A.; Kirby, B. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Alaan, U. S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Alaan, U. S.; Suzuki, Y.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Arenholz, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Suzuki, Y.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Grutter, AJ; Gilbert, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.grutter@nist.gov; dustin.gilbert@nist.gov RI Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008; Gilbert, Dustin/G-1683-2011; OI Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782; Gilbert, Dustin/0000-0003-3747-3883; Maranville, Brian/0000-0002-6105-8789; Alaan, Urusa/0000-0003-1109-3399 FU NRC Research Associateship Program; Army Research Office [W911NF-14-1-0611]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1402685, DMR-1543582]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX A.J.G and D.A.G. acknowledge support from the NRC Research Associateship Program. U.S.A. acknowledges support from the Army Research Office (W911NF-14-1-0611). Y.S. and K.L. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (DMR-1402685 and DMR-1543582, respectively). The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 26 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 22 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 8 AR 082405 DI 10.1063/1.4942645 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH8PO UT WOS:000373057000029 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Simonds, B Nomoto, K Veettil, BP Lin, ZY Wurfl, IP Conibeer, G AF Zhang, Tian Simonds, Brian Nomoto, Keita Veettil, Binesh Puthen Lin, Ziyun Wurfl, Ivan Perez Conibeer, Gavin TI Pulsed KrF excimer laser dopant activation in nanocrystal silicon in a silicon dioxide matrix SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TANDEM SOLAR-CELLS; QUANTUM DOTS; PHOSPHORUS; BORON; SIO2 AB We demonstrate that a pulsed KrF excimer laser (lambda = 248 nm, tau = 22 ns) can be used as a post-furnace annealing method to greatly increase the electrically active doping concentration in nanocrystal silicon (ncSi) embedded in SiO2. The application of a single laser pulse of 202 mJ/cm(2) improves the electrically active doping concentration by more than one order of magnitude while also improving the conductivity. It is confirmed that there is no film ablation or significant change in ncSi structure by atomic force microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. We propose that the increase in free-carrier concentration is the result of interstitial P/B dopant activation, which are initially inside the Si crystallites. Evidence of mobility limited carrier transport and degenerate doping in the ncSi are measured with temperature-dependent conductivity. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Zhang, Tian; Nomoto, Keita; Veettil, Binesh Puthen; Lin, Ziyun; Wurfl, Ivan Perez; Conibeer, Gavin] UNSW Australia, Australian Ctr Adv Photovolta, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. [Simonds, Brian] NIST, Div Appl Phys, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhang, T (reprint author), UNSW Australia, Australian Ctr Adv Photovolta, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.; Simonds, B (reprint author), NIST, Div Appl Phys, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tianz@student.unsw.edu.au; brian.simonds@nist.gov OI Zhang, Tian/0000-0001-5310-0919 FU Australian Government through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) FX This Program has been supported by the Australian Government through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA). Responsibility for the views, information or advice expressed herein is not accepted by the Australian Government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 22 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 8 AR 083103 DI 10.1063/1.4942466 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH8PO UT WOS:000373057000039 ER PT J AU Kleisner, KM Fogarty, MJ McGee, S Barnette, A Fratantoni, P Greene, J Hare, JA Luceyl, SM McGuire, C Odell, J Saba, VS Smith, L Weaver, KJ Pinsky, ML AF Kleisner, Kristin M. Fogarty, Michael J. McGee, Sally Barnette, Analie Fratantoni, Paula Greene, Jennifer Hare, Jonathan A. Luceyl, Sean M. McGuire, Christopher Odell, Jay Saba, Vincent S. Smith, Laurel Weaver, Katherine J. Pinsky, Malin L. TI The Effects of Sub-Regional Climate Velocity on the Distribution and Spatial Extent of Marine Species Assemblages SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RANGE SHIFTS; PHENOLOGICAL RESPONSE; CLUSTER VALIDATION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TEMPERATURE; FISHERIES; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB Many studies illustrate variable patterns in individual species distribution shifts in response to changing temperature. However, an assemblage, a group of species that shares a common environmental niche, will likely exhibit similar responses to climate changes, and these community-level responses may have significant implications for ecosystem function. Therefore, we examine the relationship between observed shifts of species in assemblages and regional climate velocity (i.e., the rate and direction of change of temperature isotherms). The assemblages are defined in two sub-regions of the U.S. Northeast Shelf that have heterogeneous oceanography and bathymetry using four decades of bottom trawl survey data and we explore temporal changes in distribution, spatial range extent, thermal habitat area, and biomass, within assemblages. These sub-regional analyses allow the dissection of the relative roles of regional climate velocity and local physiography in shaping observed distribution shifts. We find that assemblages of species associated with shallower, warmer waters tend to shift west-southwest and to shallower waters over time, possibly towards cooler temperatures in the semi-enclosed Gulf of Maine, while species assemblages associated with relatively cooler and deeper waters shift deeper, but with little latitudinal change. Conversely, species assemblages associated with warmer and shallower water on the broad, shallow continental shelf from the Mid-Atlantic Bight to Georges Bank shift strongly northeast along latitudinal gradients with little change in depth. Shifts in depth among the southern species associated with deeper and cooler waters are more variable, although predominantly shifts are toward deeper waters. In addition, spatial expansion and contraction of species assemblages in each region corresponds to the area of suitable thermal habitat, but is inversely related to assemblage biomass. This suggests that assemblage distribution shifts in conjunction with expansion or contraction of thermal habitat acts to compress or stretch marine species assemblages, which may respectively amplify or dilute species interactions to an extent that is rarely considered. Overall, regional differences in climate change effects on the movement and extent of species assemblages hold important implications for management, mitigation, and adaptation on the U.S. Northeast Shelf. C1 [Kleisner, Kristin M.; Fogarty, Michael J.; Fratantoni, Paula; Luceyl, Sean M.; Smith, Laurel] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [McGee, Sally; Barnette, Analie; Greene, Jennifer; McGuire, Christopher; Odell, Jay; Weaver, Katherine J.] Nature Conservancy, Boston, MA USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI USA. [Saba, Vincent S.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ USA. [Pinsky, Malin L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Kleisner, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. EM kristin.kleisner@noaa.gov OI Pinsky, Malin/0000-0002-8523-8952 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Northeast Fisheries Science Center; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX Funding for this joint partnership project between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Northeast Fisheries Science Center and The Nature Conservancy comes from a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (https://www.moore.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 22 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 2 AR e0149220 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0149220 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DF3VL UT WOS:000371276100047 PM 26901435 ER PT J AU Serrano, XM Baums, IB Smith, TB Jones, RJ Shearer, TL Baker, AC AF Serrano, Xaymara M. Baums, Iliana B. Smith, Tyler B. Jones, Ross J. Shearer, Tonya L. Baker, Andrew C. TI Long distance dispersal and vertical gene flow in the Caribbean brooding coral Porites astreoides SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ALGAL SYMBIOSIS; REEF CORALS; INBREEDING COEFFICIENTS; DIVERSITY; SYMBIODINIUM; CONNECTIVITY; PROGRAM; ECOLOGY; PACIFIC AB To date, most assessments of coral connectivity have emphasized long-distance horizontal dispersal of propagules from one shallow reef to another. The extent of vertical connectivity, however, remains largely understudied. Here, we used newly-developed and existing DNA microsatellite loci for the brooding coral Porites astreoides to assess patterns of horizontal and vertical connectivity in 590 colonies collected from three depth zones (<= 10 m, 15-20 m and >= 25 m) at sites in Florida, Bermuda and the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). We also tested whether maternal transmission of algal symbionts (Symbiodinium spp.) might limit effective vertical connectivity. Overall, shallow P. astreoides exhibited high gene flow between Florida and USVI, but limited gene flow between these locations and Bermuda. In contrast, there was significant genetic differentiation by depth in Florida (Upper Keys, Lower Keys and Dry Tortugas), but not in Bermuda or USVI, despite strong patterns of depth zonation in algal symbionts at two of these locations. Together, these findings suggest that P. astreoides is effective at dispersing both horizontally and vertically despite its brooding reproductive mode and maternal transmission of algal symbionts. In addition, these findings might help explain the ecological success reported for P. astreoides in the Caribbean in recent decades. C1 [Serrano, Xaymara M.; Baker, Andrew C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Ecol, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Baums, Iliana B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Smith, Tyler B.] Univ Virgin Islands, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, 2 John Brewers Bay, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Jones, Ross J.] UWA Oceans Inst, Australian Inst Marine Sci, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Shearer, Tonya L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, 310 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Serrano, Xaymara M.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Serrano, XM (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM xserrano@rsmas.miami.edu RI Baums, Iliana/G-6435-2010; Serrano, Xaymara/A-4660-2017; Jones, Ross/N-4651-2013 OI Baums, Iliana/0000-0001-6463-7308; Serrano, Xaymara/0000-0002-8789-9818; Jones, Ross/0000-0003-1661-4149 FU MOTE; NOAA's Center [NA11NOS4780045]; McKnight Doctoral Fellowship; BIOS; Alumni Award; RSMAS; NOAA's LMRCSC FX The authors thank M. Durante, N. Polato, D. Ruiz and C. Vera for help with the 454 sequencing data and K. Felheim for early assistance with the microsatellite loci development. M. Moon, N. Kurata, H. Wirshing, P. Jones, R. Cunning, R. Silverstein, R. Winter and A. Palacio helped in the laboratory. Field assistance was provided by R. Gomez, D. Lirman, T. Thyberg, S. Manley, S. Grey, J. Calnan and the crew at BIOS (C. Eddy, T. Noyes and A. Chequer). Sampling in the Lower Keys and Dry Tortugas was completed with the help of D. Swanson and the International SeaKeepers Society (D. Klevan, B. Stockman, J. Jacoby and the crew of Miss Phebe II). Finally, the authors would like to thank PSU's Genomics Core Facility for the 454 sequencing, and UM's Molecular Core Facility and Cornell's Life Sciences Core Laboratories Center for the genotyping and sequencing. Samples from the Florida Keys were collected under research permits FKNMS-2002-011, FKNMS-2010-030A1, FKNMS-2011-087, SAL-11-1182-SRP, and DRTO-2012-SCI-0009. Samples from the USVI were collected under permits F/SER28:BT and STT-021-10. Samples from Bermuda were collected and exported under permits SP09060 and CITES 09BM0021. This research was supported with funds from MOTE (Protect Our Reefs grants 2009-2012) and NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research under award NA11NOS4780045 to the University of Miami. X. Serrano was supported by a McKnight Doctoral Fellowship, a BIOS Grant in Aid (2009), an Alumni Award and small boat funding from RSMAS, and funding from NOAA's LMRCSC. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 22 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 21619 DI 10.1038/srep21619 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DE3CX UT WOS:000370505500001 PM 26899614 ER PT J AU Audus, DJ Starr, FW Douglas, JF AF Audus, Debra J. Starr, Francis W. Douglas, Jack F. TI Coupling of isotropic and directional interactions and its effect on phase separation and self-assembly SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUIVALENT-NEIGHBOR MODEL; CONCENTRATED LYSOZYME SOLUTIONS; EQUATION-OF-STATE; LONG-RANGE FORCES; THERMOREVERSIBLE GELATION; LATTICE MODEL; EQUILIBRIUM POLYMERIZATION; PERTURBATION-THEORY; ATTRACTIVE FORCES; PROTEIN SOLUTIONS AB The interactions of molecules and particles in solution often involve an interplay between isotropic and highly directional interactions that lead to a mutual coupling of phase separation and self-assembly. This situation arises, for example, in proteins interacting through hydrophobic and charged patch regions on their surface and in nanoparticles with grafted polymer chains, such as DNA. As a minimal model of complex fluids exhibiting this interaction coupling, we investigate spherical particles having an isotropic interaction and a constellation of five attractive patches on the particle's surface. Monte Carlo simulations and mean-field calculations of the phase boundaries of this model depend strongly on the relative strength of the isotropic and patch potentials, where we surprisingly find that analytic mean-field predictions become increasingly accurate as the directional interactions become increasingly predominant. We quantitatively account for this effect by noting that the effective interaction range increases with increasing relative directional to isotropic interaction strength. We also identify thermodynamic transition lines associated with self-assembly, extract the entropy and energy of association, and characterize the resulting cluster properties obtained from simulations using percolation scaling theory and Flory-Stockmayer mean-field theory. We find that the fractal dimension and cluster size distribution are consistent with those of lattice animals, i.e., randomly branched polymers swollen by excluded volume interactions. We also identify a universal functional form for the average molecular weight and a nearly universal functional form for a scaling parameter characterizing the cluster size distribution. Since the formation of branched clusters at equilibrium is a common phenomenon in nature, we detail how our analysis can be used in experimental characterization of such associating fluids. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Audus, Debra J.; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Starr, Francis W.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Audus, DJ; Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM debra.audus@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012 FU NRC; NIST [70NANB15H282] FX D.J.A. thanks the NRC postdoctoral fellowship program for their generous support, and F.W.S. acknowledges support from NIST Award No. 70NANB15H282. NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 21 PY 2016 VL 144 IS 7 AR 074901 DI 10.1063/1.4941454 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DL7CM UT WOS:000375797200028 PM 26896996 ER PT J AU Chang, CH Agarwal, J Allen, WD Nesbitt, DJ AF Chang, Chih-Hsuan Agarwal, Jay Allen, Wesley D. Nesbitt, David J. TI Sub-Doppler infrared spectroscopy and formation dynamics of triacetylene in a slit supersonic expansion SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNIMOLECULAR GAS REACTIONS; MOLECULAR WAVE-FUNCTIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; TITANS ATMOSPHERE; BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS; VIBRATIONAL-STATES; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; BAND INTENSITIES; HAZE FORMATION; CM(-1) REGION AB Infrared spectroscopy and formation dynamics of triacetylene are investigated in a slit jet supersonic discharge and probed with sub-Doppler resolution (approximate to 60 MHz) on the fundamental antisymmetric CH stretch mode (nu(5)). The triacetylene is generated in the throat of the discharge by sequential attack of ethynyl radical with acetyelene and diacetylene: (i) HCCH -> HCC + H, (ii) HCC + HCCH -> HCCCCH + H, (iii) HCC + HCCCCH -> HCCCCCCH + H, cooled rapidly in the slit expansion to 15 K, and probed by near shot-noise-limited absorption sensitivity with a tunable difference-frequency infrared laser. The combination of jet cooled temperatures (T-rot = 15 K) and low spectral congestion permits (i) analysis of rotationally avoided crossings in the nu(5) band ascribed to Coriolis interactions, as well as (ii) first detection of nu(5) Pi-Pi hot band progressions built on the nu(12) sym CC bend and definitively assigned via state-of-the-art ab initio vibration-rotation interaction parameters (alpha(i)), which make for interesting comparison with recent spectroscopic studies of Doney et al. [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 316, 54 (2015)]. The combined data provide direct evidence for significantly non-equilibrium populations in the CC bending manifold, dynamically consistent with a strongly bent radical intermediate and transition states for forming triacetylene product. The presence of intense triacetylene signals under cold, low density slit jet conditions provides support for (i) barrierless addition of HCC with HCCCCH and (ii) a high quantum yield for HCCCCCCH formation. Complete basis set calculations for energetics [CCSD(T)-f12/VnZ-f12, n = 2,3] and frequencies [ CCSD(T)-f12/VdZ-f12] are presented for both radical intermediate and transition state species, predicting collision stabilization in the slit jet expansion to be competitive with unimolecular decomposition with increasing polyyne chain length. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Chang, Chih-Hsuan] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Agarwal, Jay; Allen, Wesley D.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Computat Quantum Chem, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Chang, CH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Allen, Wesley/C-9867-2010; Agarwal, Jay/D-2366-2014 OI Allen, Wesley/0000-0002-4288-2297; FU Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-09ER16021]; National Science Foundation [CHE1266416, PHYS1125844] FX This work was supported by grants from the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (No. DE-FG02-09ER16021), with initial funds for construction of the slit-jet laser spectrometer provided by the National Science Foundation (Nos. CHE1266416 and PHYS1125844). The high level ab initio computations by J.A. and W.D.A. at the University of Georgia of vibration-rotation interaction parameters for triacetylene were supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (No. DE-FG02-97-ER14748). D.J.N. wishes to acknowledge the generous intellectual assistance of Professor Kirk Peterson in implementing the CCSD(T)-f12 calculations. We would also like to acknowledge valuable interactions with the Linnartz group in developing a more comprehensive understanding of the jet cooled polyyne spectroscopy. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 21 PY 2016 VL 144 IS 7 AR 074301 DI 10.1063/1.4940905 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DL7CM UT WOS:000375797200012 PM 26896980 ER PT J AU Bricker, SB Getchis, TL Chadwick, CB Rose, C Rose, JM AF Bricker, Suzanne B. Getchis, Tessa L. Chadwick, Cary B. Rose, Corim. Rose, Julie M. TI Integration of ecosystem-based models into an existing interactive web-based tool for improved aquaculture decision-making SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Shellfish; Aquaculture; GIS; Decision support tool ID DATA-POOR ENVIRONMENTS; SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE; CARRYING-CAPACITY; SITE SELECTION; MANAGEMENT; CULTURE; ESTUARY; GIS; INDICATORS; SOUND AB Proper site selection is critical to the development and expansion of marine aquaculture. Major considerations for site selection include: potential for competing uses, environmental interactions, and animal productivity. Two types of existing site selection tools, mapping and modeling, have proven useful independently, and in some recent studies have proven useful when used together. GIS-based mapping tools have become important in the decision-making process. These tools provide access to marine and coastal datasets allowing farmers and extension agents to gather information on availability of cultivation sites. They are also used by resource managers to assess potential use conflicts (e.g. existence of commercial fishing, mooring areas, fixed fishing gear) and possible environmental interactions (e.g. presence of seagrasses, contaminants, threatened or endangered species). Models have been used separately to predict animal growth, farm productivity, and farm-related effects on the surrounding water and sediment quality. The integration of the Farm Aquaculture Resource Management (FARM) model (http://www.farmscale.org) into the U.S. state of Connecticut's Aquaculture Mapping Atlas (http://seagrant.uconn.edu/whatwedo/aquaculture/shellmap.php) was tested in three geographically distinct waterbodies within Connecticut (CT) waters of Long Island Sound. Nearshore waters within the towns of Mystic, Milford, and Westport were selected as pilot locations to determine usability and capability of the combined tools. Data from two long-term offshore sampling stations adjacent to existing shellfish leases were used to test spatial and temporal sampling variability impacts on model results. Partnerships with local monitoring programs and growers were important for acquisition of water quality data, oyster measurement data, and information about local culture practices. All sites were deemed suitable for oyster aquaculture based on model results that predicted Moderate to High growth based on estimated time to reach harvest size from one in (2.54 cm) seed oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Time to harvest varied from 282 days (High growth) to 645 days (Moderate growth) among the 22 stations in the three nearshore sites, and 724-956 days (Moderate growth) at the two offshore sites. Results from the two long-term offshore stations indicate that data from the same year must be used when comparing production-based suitability of sites. Addition of potential production estimates improved the ability to select between suitable mapping-based sites. This mapping and modeling combination should be encouraged to provide a strong basis for successful siting and expansion of aquaculture while minimizing user conflict and adverse environmental interactions. This approach may be particularly useful in waterbodies where shellfish aquaculture is possible but is not well established. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bricker, Suzanne B.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Getchis, Tessa L.] Univ Connecticut, UConn Extens, Connecticut Sea Grant, Groton, CT USA. [Chadwick, Cary B.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Land Use Educ & Res, Haddam, CT USA. [Rose, Corim.] US Army, Corps Engnineers, Concord, MA USA. [Rose, Julie M.] NOAA, Fisheries Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr Milford Lab, Milford, CT USA. RP Bricker, SB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Sci, 1305 East West Highway,Floor 9, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM suzanne.bricker@noaa.gov FU NOAA Aquaculture Program Call for Internal Proposals [NS-COAST-001-Bricker] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Aquaculture Program 2012 Call for Internal Proposals for funding this research under Project NS-COAST-001-Bricker. We wish to thank: Sally Cogan and Claire Gavin of Clean Up Sound and Harbors (CUSH) for the samples from Mystic River stations, Dick Harris, Nikki Cantatore, and Josh Cooper with HarborWatch for the Westport/Mill Pond samples, Bob Alix and Werner Schreiner for the help in collecting the Milford samples, Karen Rivara, Aeros Cultured Oyster Co., for measuring and weighing seed oysters, S. Plant, CT Cultured Oysters, for providing oysters for additional measurement/weight determinations, and Kristen DeRosia Banick, Connecticut Bureau of Aquaculture, for the information about typical oyster aquaculture practices. We also thank Ramon Filgueira and three anonymous reviewers for their thorough reviews, comments, and suggestions which have vastly improved our manuscript. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD FEB 20 PY 2016 VL 453 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.11.036 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CZ0OC UT WOS:000366803800018 ER PT J AU Alagic, G Jarret, M Jordan, SP AF Alagic, Gorjan Jarret, Michael Jordan, Stephen P. TI Yang-Baxter operators need quantum entanglement to distinguish knots SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article DE link invariants; quantum entanglement; knot theory ID EQUATION; INVARIANTS; LINKS AB Any solution to the Yang-Baxter equation yields a family of representations of braid groups. Under certain conditions, identified by (Turaev 1988 Inventiones Math. 92 527-53), the appropriately normalized trace of these representations yields a link invariant. Any Yang-Baxter solution can be interpreted as a two-qudit quantum gate. Here we show that if this gate is non-entangling, then the resulting invariant of knots is trivial. We thus obtain a connection between topological entanglement and quantum entanglement. C1 [Alagic, Gorjan] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Math Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Jarret, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jarret, Michael; Jordan, Stephen P.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci QuICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jordan, Stephen P.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jordan, SP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci QuICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Jordan, SP (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.jordan@nist.gov OI Alagic, Gorjan/0000-0002-0107-6037; Jarret, Michael/0000-0003-4061-3509 FU Sapere Aude grant of the Danish Council for Independent Research; ERC Starting Grant 'QMULT'; CHIST-ERA project 'CQC'; Booz Allen Hamilton quantum information graduate fellowship FX Gorjan Alagic was supported by a Sapere Aude grant of the Danish Council for Independent Research, the ERC Starting Grant 'QMULT' and the CHIST-ERA project 'CQC'. Michael Janet was supported in part by the Booz Allen Hamilton quantum information graduate fellowship. Portions of this paper are a contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government, and are not subject to US copyright. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 EI 1751-8121 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD FEB 19 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 7 AR 075203 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/49/7/075203 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA DB9SH UT WOS:000368856600004 ER PT J AU Hofer, SG Lehnert, KW Hammerer, K AF Hofer, Sebastian G. Lehnert, Konrad W. Hammerer, Klemens TI Proposal to Test Bell's Inequality in Electromechanics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; SINGLE-PHOTON; MECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; MICROWAVE FIELDS; NONLOCALITY; MOTION; ELIMINATION; RESONATOR; SYSTEMS; NOISE AB Optomechanical and electromechanical systems offer an effective platform to test quantum theory and its predictions at macroscopic scales. To date, all experiments presuppose the validity of quantum mechanics, but could in principle be described by a hypothetical local statistical theory. Here we suggest a Bell test using the electromechanical Einstein-Podolski-Rosen entangled state recently generated by Palomaki et al., Science 342, 710 (2013), which would rule out any local and realistic explanation of the measured data without assuming the validity of quantum mechanics at macroscopic scales. It additionally provides a device-independent way to verify electromechanical entanglement. The parameter regime required for our scheme has been demonstrated or is within reach of current experiments. C1 [Hofer, Sebastian G.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Hofer, Sebastian G.; Hammerer, Klemens] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Albert Einstein Inst, Inst Gravitat Phys, Inst Theoret Phys, Callinstr 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Lehnert, Konrad W.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehnert, Konrad W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehnert, Konrad W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hofer, SG (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.; Hofer, SG (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Albert Einstein Inst, Inst Gravitat Phys, Inst Theoret Phys, Callinstr 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Hammerer, Klemens/C-3538-2008 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; Hammerer, Klemens/0000-0002-7179-0666 FU European Commission; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [F40, W1210]; Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) [ICT12049]; Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation [1125844] FX S. G. H. thanks Joshua A. Slater for useful comments on the manuscript and Marissa Giustina for helpful discussions. We acknowledge support by the European Commission (SIQS, iQOEMS, ITN cQOM), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Project No. [F40] (SFB FOQUS), the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) under Project No. ICT12049, the Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. S. G. H. is supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Project No. [W1210] (CoQuS). NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 7 AR 070406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.070406 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DE4ST UT WOS:000370621200004 PM 26943516 ER PT J AU Ellis, JL Hickstein, DD Xiong, W Dollar, F Palm, BB Keister, KE Dorney, KM Ding, CY Fan, TT Wilker, MB Schnitzenbaumer, KJ Dukovic, G Jimenez, JL Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM AF Ellis, Jennifer L. Hickstein, Daniel D. Xiong, Wei Dollar, Franklin Palm, Brett B. Keister, K. Ellen Dorney, Kevin M. Ding, Chengyuan Fan, Tingting Wilker, Molly B. Schnitzenbaumer, Kyle J. Dukovic, Gordana Jimenez, Jose L. Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. TI Materials Properties and Solvated Electron Dynamics of Isolated Nanoparticles and Nanodroplets Probed with Ultrafast Extreme Ultraviolet Beams SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BINDING-ENERGIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CHARGE-TRANSFER; LIQUID-AMMONIA; HIGH HARMONICS; QUANTUM DOTS; GENERATION; WATER AB We present ultrafast photoemission measurements of isolated nano particles in vacuum using extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light produced through high harmonic generation. Surface-selective static EUV photoemission measurements were performed on nanoparticles with a wide array of compositions, ranging from ionic crystals to nanodroplets of organic material. We find that the total photoelectron yield varies greatly with nanoparticle composition and provides insight into material properties such as the electron mean free path and effective mass. Additionally, we conduct time-resolved photoelectron yield measurements of isolated oleylamine nanodroplets, observing that EUV photons can create solvated electrons in liquid nanodroplets. Using photoemission from a time-delayed 790 nm pulse, we observe that a solvated electron is produced in an excited state and subsequently relaxes to its ground state with a lifetime of 151 +/- 31 fs. This work demonstrates that femotosecond EUV photoemission is a versatile surface sensitive probe of the properties and ultrafast dynamics of isolated nanoparticles. C1 [Ellis, Jennifer L.; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Xiong, Wei; Dollar, Franklin; Keister, K. Ellen; Dorney, Kevin M.; Ding, Chengyuan; Fan, Tingting; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, JILA NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ellis, Jennifer L.; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Dollar, Franklin; Keister, K. Ellen; Dorney, Kevin M.; Ding, Chengyuan; Fan, Tingting; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Xiong, Wei] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Palm, Brett B.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Palm, Brett B.; Wilker, Molly B.; Schnitzenbaumer, Kyle J.; Dukovic, Gordana; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dollar, Franklin] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Keister, K. Ellen] Earlham Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Richmond, IN 47374 USA. [Ding, Chengyuan] Cymer Inc, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. [Wilker, Molly B.] Luther Coll, Dept Chem, Decorah, IA 52101 USA. [Schnitzenbaumer, Kyle J.] Transylvania Univ, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40508 USA. RP Ellis, JL; Hickstein, DD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Ellis, JL; Hickstein, DD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jennifer.ellis@colorado.edu; danhickstein@gmail.com RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847 FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (AMOS program) [DE-FG02-99ER14982]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1144083]; DOE (BER/ASR) [DE-SC0011105]; U.S. EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship [FP-91761701-0]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0137] FX The authors thank Dr. Eleanor Campbell for many substantive and helpful discussions. This work was completed at JILA. J.E., D.H., W.X., F.D., K.D., C.D., T.F., H.K., and M.M. acknowledge support from the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (AMOS program, DE-FG02-99ER14982). J.E. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE-1144083). B.P. and J.J. were supported by DOE (BER/ASR) DE-SC0011105. B.P. acknowledges support from a U.S. EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship (FP-91761701-0). M.W., KS., and G.D. acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR award No. FA9550-12-1-0137. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 16 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 4 BP 609 EP 615 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02772 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DE6TE UT WOS:000370765700003 PM 26807653 ER PT J AU Riddick, F Wallace, E Davis, J AF Riddick, Frank Wallace, Evan Davis, Jim TI Managing Risks Due to Ingredient Variability in Food Production SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food production; material variability; risk mitigation; smart manufacturing AB Managing the design of products and the efficient execution of the manufacturing processes needed to produce them is an endeavor fraught with all manner of risks for manufacturing enterprises large and small. In certain industries, such as the food manufacturing industry, the problems and risks can be even greater. This is because the processes necessary for a food product's manufacture must be designed not only to meet quality, cost, and efficiency targets, but also to have an innate flexibility to cope with the unavoidable variability in the characteristics of the ingredients used to produce the desired product. In the food manufacturing industry and in related industries such as pharmaceutical manufacturing, the problem of identifying vendor sources for ingredients that have acceptable characteristics, managing the acquisition of those ingredients, and then modifying the manufacturing process to cope with the inherent variability in ingredients acquired at different times is an ongoing concern that can expose a company to severe risks. In this paper, a case study will be presented that illustrates how smart manufacturing (SM) approaches can be applied to reduce the risks due to ingredient variability to, and increase the efficiency of, a food production network. Smart manufacturing integrates best-of-breed solutions from manufacturing and non-manufacturing arenas to solve manufacturing problems and offers great hope for manufacturers. The SM solution described in this paper is built upon what is called the Smart Manufacturing Platform, a software and services platform being developed by the Smart Manufacturing Leadership Coalition. C1 [Riddick, Frank; Wallace, Evan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davis, Jim] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Riddick, F; Wallace, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Davis, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM frank.riddick@nist.gov; evan.wallace@nist.gov; jdavis@oit.ucla.edu FU NIST [70NANAB12H219]; UCLA [70NANAB12H219] FX This work was funded in part by Cooperative Agreement #70NANAB12H219 between NIST and UCLA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD FEB 18 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 17 EP 32 DI 10.6028/jres.121.002 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DE7BR UT WOS:000370789500001 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Garcia, C Jaron-Becker, A Hickstein, DD Becker, A Durfee, CG AF Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka Hickstein, Daniel D. Becker, Andreas Durfee, Charles G. TI High-order-harmonic generation driven by pulses with angular spatial chirp SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT MATERIALS; FEMTOSECOND LASER-PULSES; ATTOSECOND PULSES; IONIZATION; PHYSICS; REGIME AB We present and analyze a technique to drive high-order harmonics by laser pulses with an angular spatial chirp. Results of our numerical simulations show that each harmonic is emitted with an angular chirp which scales inversely with the harmonic order and leads to additional control of the spatial and temporal resolution of the spectrum. In particular, the use of angular chirp leads to separation of the harmonics in two dimensions where (i) high spectral resolution can be achieved and (ii) the temporal periodicity of the harmonic pulse trains can be controlled. We show that this technique does not require carrier-envelope-phase stabilization when using few-cycle laser pulses. C1 [Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos; Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Becker, Andreas; Durfee, Charles G.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos; Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Becker, Andreas; Durfee, Charles G.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos] Univ Salamanca, Grp Invest Aplicac Laser & Foton, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. [Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka; Becker, Andreas] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Durfee, Charles G.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hernandez-Garcia, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Hernandez-Garcia, C (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Hernandez-Garcia, C (reprint author), Univ Salamanca, Grp Invest Aplicac Laser & Foton, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. EM carloshergar@usal.es RI Becker, Andreas/K-4402-2013; Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos/G-3681-2011; Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka/C-1227-2014 OI Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos/0000-0002-6153-2647; Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka/0000-0003-2339-8544 FU Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the EU Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development, under REA Grant [328334]; Junta de Castilla y Leon [SA116U13, UIC016]; MINECO [FIS2013-44174-P, FIS2015-71933-REDT]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-0561]; NSF EUV ERC; Department of Energy BES Award [DE-FG02-99ER14982]; U.S. National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder FX The authors thank Profs. Margaret Murnane and Henry Kapteyn for stimulating discussions and support. C.H.-G. acknowledges support from the Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the EU Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (2007-2013), under REA Grant Agreement No. 328334, and from Junta de Castilla y Leon (Project SA116U13, UIC016) and MINECO (FIS2013-44174-P, FIS2015-71933-REDT). A.J.-B., A.B., and C.D. acknowledge support from AFOSR FA9550-10-0561. C.D. acknowledges support from NSF EUV ERC. D.H. gratefully acknowledges supports from the Department of Energy BES Award DE-FG02-99ER14982. This work utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 18 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 2 AR 023825 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.023825 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DE2VD UT WOS:000370484400010 ER PT J AU Patla, BR AF Patla, B. R. TI Reduction of magnetic perturbation for SR-POEM SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article DE weak equivalence principle; magnetic fields; tests of general relativity ID ACCURACY EVALUATION; COMPENSATION; SHIELDS; FIELD AB SR-POEM is a Galilean test of the weak equivalence principle that aims to measure the fractional acceleration difference. with a mission uncertainty sigma(eta) = 1 x 10(-17) for a pair of test substances. It is to be conducted during the low-drag free fall portion of a sounding rocket flight. The interaction of the magnetic field gradient with tiny remanent magnetic moments of the test masses will produce a spurious acceleration that is not sufficiently reduced by a single Mu-metal shield. In this paper, we study configurations with two and three shields. Approximate analytic formulae are used to study the shielding factor as a function of geometry. We use finite element analysis (FEA) to determine the magnetic field and gradient for certain cases that satisfy the mission requirements. FEA results are compared with analytic expressions wherever appropriate. Several configurations reduce both axial and transverse magnetic field within the shielding volume by at least the required factor of 4 x 10(5). C1 [Patla, B. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Patla, B. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Patla, BR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Patla, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bijunath.patla@nist.gov FU NASA [NNX08AO04G]; NASA, Division of Planetary Science [NNH12AT81I] FX This work was supported by NASA grant NNX08AO04G. We thank Robert Reasenberg and James Phillips for their help in getting this work started and for their guidance and suggestions as the manuscript evolved. We also thank Neil Ashby, Stephan Barlow, Jens Gundlach, Tom Heavner, Mauro Hueller, Steven Jefferts, John Mester, Riley Newman, Vishal Shah and Tim Sumner for useful discussions. We would like to extend our thanks to two anonymous referees for their valuable suggestions that have helped improve this paper. This work was also supported in part by NASA, Division of Planetary Science, under grant NNH12AT81I. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 EI 1361-6382 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD FEB 18 PY 2016 VL 33 IS 4 AR 045006 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/33/4/045006 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA DC2NP UT WOS:000369053700007 ER PT J AU Safavi-Naini, A Capogrosso-Sansone, B Kuklov, A Penna, V AF Safavi-Naini, Arghavan Capogrosso-Sansone, Barbara Kuklov, Anatoly Penna, Vittorio TI Quasi-molecular bosonic complexes-a pathway to SQUID with controlled sensitivity SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ultracold dipolar gases; quantum phase transitions; atomtronics; SQUID; multilayer geometry; bosonization; quantum Monte Carlo ID POLAR-MOLECULES; SYSTEMS; GAS; CIRCUIT AB Recent experimental advances in realizing degenerate quantum dipolar gases in optical lattices and the flexibility of experimental setups in attaining various geometries offer the opportunity to explore exotic quantum many-body phases stabilized by anisotropic, long-range dipolar interaction. Moreover, the unprecedented control over the various physical properties of these systems, ranging from the quantum statistics of the particles, to the inter-particle interactions, allow one to engineer novel devices. In this paper, we consider dipolar bosons trapped in a stack of one-dimensional optical lattice layers, previously studied in (Safavi-Naini et al 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 043604). Building on our prior results, we provide a description of the quantum phases stabilized in this system which include composite superfluids (CSFs), solids, and supercounterfluids, most of which are found to be threshold-less with respect to the dipolar interaction strength. We also demonstrate the effect of enhanced sensitivity to rotations of a SQUID-type device made of two CSF trapped in a ring-shaped optical lattice layer with weak links. C1 [Safavi-Naini, Arghavan] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Safavi-Naini, Arghavan] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Capogrosso-Sansone, Barbara] Clark Univ, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Kuklov, Anatoly] CSI, Dept Engn Phys, New York, NY USA. [Kuklov, Anatoly] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Penna, Vittorio] Politecn Torino, Dept Appl Sci & Technol, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Penna, Vittorio] Politecn Torino, Udr CNISM, I-10129 Turin, Italy. RP Capogrosso-Sansone, B (reprint author), Clark Univ, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01610 USA.; Penna, V (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dept Appl Sci & Technol, I-10129 Turin, Italy.; Penna, V (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Udr CNISM, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM bcapogrosso@clarku.edu; vittorio.penna@polito.it FU NSF [PHY1552978, PHY1314469, CNS-0855217, CNS-0958379, ACI-1126113]; MIUR [PRIN 2010LLKJBX] FX This work was supported by the NSF grants PHY1552978, PHY1314469 and MIUR (PRIN 2010LLKJBX). The computation for this project was performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) at the University of Oklahoma (OU) as well as at the CUNY HPCC supported by NSF Grants CNS-0855217, CNS-0958379 and ACI-1126113. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD FEB 17 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 025017 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/2/025017 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DH0JQ UT WOS:000372470900001 ER PT J AU Burgess, SA Kassie, A Baranowski, SA Fritzsching, KJ Schmidt-Rohr, K Brown, CM Wade, CR AF Burgess, Samantha A. Kassie, Abebu Baranowski, Sarah A. Fritzsching, Keith J. Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus Brown, Craig M. Wade, Casey R. TI Improved Catalytic Activity and Stability of a Palladium Pincer Complex by Incorporation into a Metal-Organic Framework SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; HIGHLY EFFICIENT; BOND ACTIVATION; PHOSPHINE; LIGAND; OXIDATION; CO2; TRANSFORMATIONS AB A porous metal-organic framework Zr6O4(OH)(4)(L-PdX)(3) (1-X) has been constructed from Pd diphosphinite pincer complexes ([L-PdX](4-) = [(2,6-(OPAr2)(2)C6H3)PdX](4-), Ar = p-C6H4CO2-, X = Cl, I). Reaction of 1-X with PhI(O2CCF3)(2) facilitates I-/CF3CO2- ligand exchange to generate 1-TFA and I-2 as a soluble byproduct. 1-TFA is an active and recyclable catalyst for transfer hydrogenation of benzaldehydes using formic acid as a hydrogen source. In contrast, the homogeneous analogue Bu-t(L-PdTFA) is an ineffective catalyst owing to decomposition under the catalytic conditions, highlighting the beneficial effects of immobilization. C1 [Burgess, Samantha A.; Kassie, Abebu; Baranowski, Sarah A.; Fritzsching, Keith J.; Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus; Wade, Casey R.] Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, 415 South St MS 015, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DC 19716 USA. RP Wade, CR (reprint author), Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, 415 South St MS 015, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. EM cwade@brandeis.edu RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Fritzsching, Keith/0000-0001-5486-614X; Wade, Casey/0000-0002-7044-9749 FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [55281-DNI-3]; Schlumberger Faculty for Future Fellowship; DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (55281-DNI-3) for support of this research. A.K. is supported by a Schlumberger Faculty for the Future Fellowship. We thank Prof. Marion Emmert and Dr. Kathleen Field for assistance with ICP-OES analysis. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 21 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 17 PY 2016 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1780 EP 1783 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b12366 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DE4EV UT WOS:000370582900010 PM 26813149 ER PT J AU Polzik, ES Ye, J AF Polzik, Eugene S. Ye, Jun TI Entanglement and spin squeezing in a network of distant optical lattice clocks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STANDARD QUANTUM LIMIT; ATOMIC CLOCK; NOISE; LIGHT; TIME AB We propose an approach for the collective enhancement of precision for remote optical lattice clocks and a way of generating the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) state of remote clocks. In the first scenario, a distributed spin-squeezed state (SSS) of M clocks is generated by a collective optical quantum nondemolition measurement on clocks with parallel Bloch vectors. Surprisingly, optical losses, which usually present the main limitation to SSS, can be overcome by an optimal network design which provides close to Heisenberg scaling of the time precision with the number of clocks M. We provide an optimal network solution for distant clocks as well as for clocks positioned within close proximity of each other. In the second scenario, we employ collective dissipation to drive two clocks with oppositely oriented Bloch vectors into a steady-state entanglement. The corresponding EPR state provides secret time sharing beyond the projection noise limit between the two quantum synchronized clocks protected from eavesdropping. An important application of the EPR-entangled clock pair is the remote sensing of, for example, gravitational effects and other disturbances to which clock synchronization is sensitive. C1 [Polzik, Eugene S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Polzik, ES (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU European Research Council grant INTERFACE; NIST; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-11-0235]; NSF-JILA PFC FX We thank A. Sorensen, M. Bishof, X. Zhang, S. Bromley, and M. Barrett for discussions. We are grateful to Prof. H. J. Kimble of Caltech for many inspirational discussions and scientific challenges. We acknowledge funding from European Research Council grant INTERFACE, NIST, the U.S. Army Research Office Grant No. W911NF-11-0235, and NSF-JILA PFC. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 17 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 2 AR 021404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.021404 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DD9KK UT WOS:000370243900003 ER PT J AU Mehta, B Benkstein, KD Semancik, S Zaghloul, ME AF Mehta, Bhaven Benkstein, Kurt D. Semancik, Steve Zaghloul, Mona E. TI Gas Sensing with Bare and Graphene-covered Optical Nano-Antenna Structures SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SENSORS; MOLECULES AB The motivation behind this work is to study the gas phase chemical sensing characteristics of optical (plasmonic) nano-antennas (ONA) and graphene/graphene oxide-covered versions of these structures. ONA are devices that have their resonating frequency in the visible range. The basic principle governing the detection mechanism for ONA is refractive index sensing. The change in the concentration of the analyte results in a differing amount of adsorbate and correlated shifts in the resonance wavelength of the device. In this work, bare and graphene or graphene oxide covered ONA have been evaluated for gas sensing performance. Four different analytes (ethanol, acetone, nitrogen dioxide and toluene) were used in testing. ONA response behavior to different analytes was modified by adsorption within the graphene and graphene oxide overlayers. This work is a preliminary study to understand resonance wavelength shift caused by different analytes. Results imply that the combination of well-structured ONA functionalized by graphene-based adsorbers can give sensitive and selective sensors but baseline drift effects identified in this work must be addressed for applied measurements. C1 [Mehta, Bhaven; Zaghloul, Mona E.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Benkstein, Kurt D.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mehta, B (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM bhavenm@gwmail.gwu.edu FU George Washington University FX The authors would like to thank The George Washington University for internal funding for this project. The authors would also like to thank Bill Mitchell at The Nanofabrication Facility of the University of California at Santa Barbara for the fabrication of the ONA structures. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 55 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 17 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 21287 DI 10.1038/srep21287 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DD9GD UT WOS:000370232800001 PM 26883289 ER PT J AU Jacobs, D Hoogerheide, DP Rovini, A Gurnev, PA Bezrukov, SM Rostovtseva, TK AF Jacobs, Daniel Hoogerheide, David P. Rovini, Amandine Gurnev, Philip A. Bezrukov, Sergey M. Rostovtseva, Tatiana K. TI Membrane Lipid Composition Regulates Alpha-Synuclein Blockage of and Translocation through the Mitochondrial Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Jacobs, Daniel; Rovini, Amandine; Gurnev, Philip A.; Bezrukov, Sergey M.; Rostovtseva, Tatiana K.] NICHD, SMT, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Hoogerheide, David P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 109-Plat BP 19A EP 20A PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7GP UT WOS:000375093500104 ER PT J AU Cleveland, TE Butler, P AF Cleveland, Thomas E. Butler, Paul TI Sans Studies of Bacteriorhodopsin Incorporation and Crystallization in Cubic Phase SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Cleveland, Thomas E.; Butler, Paul] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 319-Pos BP 61A EP 61A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7GP UT WOS:000375093500314 ER PT J AU France, D Johnson, W Cordell, W Walls, F AF France, Danielle Johnson, Ward Cordell, William Walls, Fred TI Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing through Phase Noise Measurements of Cellular Biophysics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [France, Danielle; Johnson, Ward; Cordell, William] NIST, MML, ACMD, Boulder, CO USA. [Walls, Fred] Total Frequency, Lafayette, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 998-Plat BP 200A EP 200A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7GS UT WOS:000375093800486 ER PT J AU Siewny, MGW Yu, H Edwards, DT Sanders, AW Perkins, TT AF Siewny, Matthew G. W. Yu, Hao Edwards, Devin T. Sanders, Aric W. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Complex Folding Pathways of Bacteriorhodopsin Revealed by 1-mu s-Resolution Force Spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Siewny, Matthew G. W.; Yu, Hao; Edwards, Devin T.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Siewny, Matthew G. W.; Yu, Hao; Edwards, Devin T.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sanders, Aric W.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 1136-Pos BP 228A EP 228A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7XZ UT WOS:000375141600114 ER PT J AU Nagao, M Ashkar, R Kellery, E Bradbury, R Butler, P AF Nagao, Michihiro Ashkar, Rana Kellery, Elizabeth Bradbury, Robert Butler, Paul TI Understanding Lipid Bilayer Dynamics: Relating Bending and Thickness Fluctuations to Membrane Elasticity SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Nagao, Michihiro; Kellery, Elizabeth; Bradbury, Robert; Butler, Paul] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro; Bradbury, Robert] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN USA. [Ashkar, Rana] ORNL, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Butler, Paul] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 1206-Pos BP 242A EP 243A PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7XZ UT WOS:000375141600184 ER PT J AU Balijepalli, A Kasianowicz, J Ettedgui, J AF Balijepalli, Arvind Kasianowicz, John Ettedgui, Jessica TI Single Molecule Measurements of Small Molecule Interactions with Metallic Nanoclusters SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Balijepalli, Arvind; Kasianowicz, John; Ettedgui, Jessica] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 1643-Pos BP 333A EP 334A PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YE UT WOS:000375142200110 ER PT J AU Forstater, J Ettedgui, J Chen, MC Kumar, S Kalachikov, S Russo, J Ju, JY Kasianowicz, J AF Forstater, Jacob Ettedgui, Jessica Chen, Minchien Kumar, Shiv Kalachikov, Sergey Russo, James Ju, Jingyue Kasianowicz, John TI Critical Test of Nanopore-Based Sequencing-by-Synthesis: Capture of Nucleic Acid Tags SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Forstater, Jacob; Ettedgui, Jessica; Kasianowicz, John] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Minchien; Kumar, Shiv; Kalachikov, Sergey; Russo, James; Ju, Jingyue] Columbia Univ, Chem Engn, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 1645-Pos BP 334A EP 334A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YE UT WOS:000375142200112 ER PT J AU Perkins, TT AF Perkins, Thomas T. TI Probing Single Individual Proteins Unfold and Refold with 1-mu s Resolution: Improved AFM-Based Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] CU Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 1848-Wkshp BP 375A EP 375A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YE UT WOS:000375142200316 ER PT J AU Ma, J Zhao, HY Sandmaier, J Liddle, JA Schuck, P AF Ma, Jia Zhao, Huaying Sandmaier, Julia Liddle, J. Alexander Schuck, Peter TI Gravitational Sweep Sedimentation Velocity SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Ma, Jia; Zhao, Huaying; Schuck, Peter] NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sandmaier, Julia; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 1897-Pos BP 384A EP 384A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YE UT WOS:000375142200365 ER PT J AU Kelley, EG Nagao, M Bradbury, RD Butler, PD AF Kelley, Elizabeth G. Nagao, Michihiro Bradbury, Robert D. Butler, Paul D. TI Influence of Charge on the Elastic Properties of Lipid Membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Kelley, Elizabeth G.; Nagao, Michihiro; Bradbury, Robert D.; Butler, Paul D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro; Bradbury, Robert D.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN USA. [Butler, Paul D.] Univ Delaware, Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2046-Pos BP 413A EP 413A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YI UT WOS:000375142700016 ER PT J AU Gurnev, P Hoogerheide, D Rostovtseva, T Bezrukov, S AF Gurnev, Philip Hoogerheide, David Rostovtseva, Tatiana Bezrukov, Sergey TI Membrane-Binding Peptide Inhibits Blockage of Mitochondrial VDAC by Alpha-Synuclein: In Search of A-Synuclein Toxicity Prevention SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Gurnev, Philip; Hoogerheide, David; Rostovtseva, Tatiana; Bezrukov, Sergey] NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gurnev, Philip] Univ Massachusetts, Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hoogerheide, David] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2320-Pos BP 471A EP 471A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YI UT WOS:000375142700289 ER PT J AU Meuse, CW AF Meuse, Curtis W. TI Measuring Structural Changes as a Function of Protein Concentration using Infrared Spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Meuse, Curtis W.] NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2416-Pos BP 490A EP 490A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YI UT WOS:000375142700385 ER PT J AU Walder, R Van Patten, WJ Adhikari, A LeBlanc, MA Okoniewski, SR Sullan, RMA Sousa, MC Perkins, TT AF Walder, Robert Van Patten, William J. Adhikari, Ayush LeBlanc, Marc-Andre Okoniewski, Stephen R. Sullan, Ruby May A. Sousa, Marcelo C. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Enhanced Site-Specific Anchoring of Biomolecules for Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Walder, Robert; Van Patten, William J.; Adhikari, Ayush; Okoniewski, Stephen R.; Sullan, Ruby May A.; Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO USA. [Walder, Robert; Van Patten, William J.; Adhikari, Ayush; Okoniewski, Stephen R.; Sullan, Ruby May A.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Van Patten, William J.; Okoniewski, Stephen R.] Univ Colorado, Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Adhikari, Ayush; LeBlanc, Marc-Andre; Sousa, Marcelo C.] Univ Colorado, Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sullan, Ruby May A.] Max Planck Inst Colloids & Interfaces, Mechanobiochem Res Grp, Potsdam, Germany. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2463-Pos BP 499A EP 500A PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YI UT WOS:000375142700432 ER PT J AU Yu, H Siewny, MGW Edwards, DT Sanders, AW Perkins, TT AF Yu, Hao Siewny, Matthew G. W. Edwards, Devin T. Sanders, Aric W. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Equilibrium Folding of an Individual Bacteriorhodopsin into and out of its Native Lipid Bilayer Resolves Energy Landscapes and Hidden Dynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Yu, Hao; Siewny, Matthew G. W.; Edwards, Devin T.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yu, Hao; Siewny, Matthew G. W.; Edwards, Devin T.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sanders, Aric W.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2551-Plat BP 517A EP 518A PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YL UT WOS:000375143000015 ER PT J AU Liao, HS Stark, C Yao, JB Garimella, H Smith, PD Meuse, CW Jin, AJ AF Liao, Hsien-Shun Stark, Catherine Yao, James B. Garimella, Havisha Smith, Paul D. Meuse, Curtis W. Jin, Albert J. TI Assembly Mechanism and Nanomechanics of A beta in Alzheimer's Disease SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Liao, Hsien-Shun; Stark, Catherine; Yao, James B.; Garimella, Havisha; Smith, Paul D.; Jin, Albert J.] NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Stark, Catherine] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Meuse, Curtis W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2634-Pos BP 534A EP 534A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YL UT WOS:000375143000098 ER PT J AU Paul, BD Kelley, E Ashkar, R Bradbury, R Woodka, A Nagao, M AF Paul, Butler D. Kelley, Elizabeth Ashkar, Rana Bradbury, Robert Woodka, Andrea Nagao, Michihiro TI Controlling Membrane Dynamics by Tuning the Hydrophobic Mismatch and Lipid Compostion SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Paul, Butler D.; Kelley, Elizabeth; Bradbury, Robert; Nagao, Michihiro] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Paul, Butler D.] Univ Delaware, Chem & Biomolecularl Engn Dept, Newark, DE USA. [Ashkar, Rana] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bradbury, Robert; Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN USA. [Woodka, Andrea] West Point Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2801-Pos BP 567A EP 567A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YL UT WOS:000375143000265 ER PT J AU Hoogerheide, DP Noskov, S Rostovtseva, TK Bezrukov, SM Nanda, H AF Hoogerheide, David P. Noskov, Sergei Rostovtseva, Tatiana K. Bezrukov, Sergey M. Nanda, Hirsh TI Orientation of Dimeric Tubulin on Lipid Membranes Studied using Neutron Reflectometry SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Hoogerheide, David P.; Nanda, Hirsh] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Noskov, Sergei] Univ Calgary, Dept Biochem, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Rostovtseva, Tatiana K.; Bezrukov, Sergey M.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Nanda, Hirsh] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2841-Pos BP 575A EP 575A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YL UT WOS:000375143000305 ER PT J AU Barros, M Vennemann, T Heinrich, F Nelson, D Losche, M AF Barros, Marilia Vennemann, Tarek Heinrich, Frank Nelson, Daniel Losche, Mathias TI Endolysin PlyC Binding to Model Membranes Reveals its Entry Point on Mammalian Cells SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Barros, Marilia; Vennemann, Tarek; Heinrich, Frank; Losche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Barros, Marilia; Heinrich, Frank; Losche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nelson, Daniel] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2848-Pos BP 576A EP 577A PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YL UT WOS:000375143000312 ER PT J AU Barros, M Heinrich, F Datta, SAK Rein, A Losche, M AF Barros, Marilia Heinrich, Frank Datta, Siddartha A. K. Rein, Alan Losche, Mathias TI Membrane Binding of HIV-1 Matrix Protein: Dependence on Bilayer Composition and Protein Lipidation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Barros, Marilia; Heinrich, Frank; Losche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Barros, Marilia; Heinrich, Frank; Losche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Datta, Siddartha A. K.; Rein, Alan] NIH, HIV Dynam & Replicat Program, Frederick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2849-Pos BP 577A EP 577A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YL UT WOS:000375143000313 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Reeves, GD Cunningham, GS Redmon, RJ Henderson, MG AF Chen, Yue Reeves, Geoffrey D. Cunningham, Gregory S. Redmon, Robert J. Henderson, Michael G. TI Forecasting and remote sensing outer belt relativistic electrons from low Earth orbit SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE radiation belts; forecast and nowcast; relativistic electrons; hundreds of keV precipitating electrons; LEO observations; wave particle interactions ID VAN ALLEN PROBES; RADIATION-BELT; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; CHORUS; ACCELERATION; MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERE; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; SCATTERING AB This study demonstrates the feasibility and reliability of using observations from low Earth orbit (LEO) to forecast and nowcast relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt. We first report a high cross-energy, cross-pitch-angle coherence discovered between the trapped MeV electrons and precipitating approximately hundreds (similar to 100s) of keV electronsobserved by satellites with very different altitudeswith correlation coefficients as high as 0.85. Based upon the coherence, we then tested the feasibility of applying linear prediction filters to LEO data to predict the arrival of new MeV electrons during geomagnetic storms, as well as their evolving distributions afterward. Reliability of these predictive filters is quantified by the performance efficiency with values as high as 0.74 when driven merely by LEO observations (or up to 0.94 with the inclusion of in situ MeV electron measurements). Finally, a hypothesis based upon the wave-particle resonance theory is proposed to explain the coherence, and a first-principle electron tracing model yields supporting evidence. C1 [Chen, Yue; Reeves, Geoffrey D.; Cunningham, Gregory S.; Henderson, Michael G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Chen, Yue; Reeves, Geoffrey D.] New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Redmon, Robert J.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.; Chen, Y (reprint author), New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM cheny@lanl.gov RI Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011; OI Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029; Cunningham, Gregory/0000-0001-8819-4345; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 FU U.S. Department of Energy through LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program [20130297ER]; LANL Center of Space and Earth Science (CSES) [2015-007]; NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigators program [14-GIVABR14_2-0028]; UCOP Lab Fees Program [12-LF-235337]; Van Allen Probes RBSP-ECT under NASA [NAS5-01072]; RBSP [NNG13PJ05I] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program (20130297ER), the LANL Center of Space and Earth Science (CSES, formerly named IGPPS) program (special large project 2015-007), the NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigators program (14-GIVABR14_2-0028), the UCOP Lab Fees Program (12-LF-235337), the Van Allen Probes RBSP-ECT funding under NASA's Prime contract NAS5-01072, RBSP funding contract NNG13PJ05I, and the NSEC/NMC and University of New Hampshire collaboration project on analysis of Van Allen Probes satellite data. We want to acknowledge the PIs and instrument teams of NOAA POES SEM-2, and RBSP EMFISIS and MagEIS for providing measurements and allowing us to use their data. Thanks to Weichao Tu for providing DREAM simulation results for study and CDAWeb for providing OMNI data. We are grateful for the use of IRBEM-LIB codes for calculating magnetic coordinates. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1031 EP 1038 DI 10.1002/2015GL067481 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DG4QI UT WOS:000372056600012 ER PT J AU Melgar, D Allen, RM Riquelme, S Geng, JH Bravo, F Baez, JC Parra, H Barrientos, S Fang, P Bock, Y Bevis, M Caccamise, DJ Vigny, C Moreno, M Smalley, R AF Melgar, Diego Allen, Richard M. Riquelme, Sebastian Geng, Jianghui Bravo, Francisco Baez, Juan Carlos Parra, Hector Barrientos, Sergio Fang, Peng Bock, Yehuda Bevis, Michael Caccamise, Dana J., II Vigny, Christophe Moreno, Marcos Smalley, Robert, Jr. TI Local tsunami warnings: Perspectives from recent large events SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tsunami warning ID TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; NEAR-FIELD; GPS; INVERSION; MODELS; RUNUP AB We demonstrate a flexible strategy for local tsunami warning that relies on regional geodetic and seismic stations. Through retrospective analysis of four recent tsunamigenic events in Japan and Chile, we show that rapid earthquake source information, provided by methodologies developed for earthquake early warning, can be used to generate timely estimates of maximum expected tsunami amplitude with enough accuracy for tsunami warning. We validate the technique by comparing to detailed models of earthquake source and tsunami propagation as well as field surveys of tsunami inundation. Our approach does not require deployment of new geodetic and seismic instrumentation in many subduction zones and could be implemented rapidly by national monitoring and warning agencies. We illustrate the potential impact of our method with a detailed comparison to the actual timeline of events during the recent 2015 M(w)8.3 Illapel, Chile, earthquake and tsunami that prompted the evacuation of 1 million people. C1 [Melgar, Diego; Allen, Richard M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Riquelme, Sebastian; Baez, Juan Carlos; Barrientos, Sergio] Univ Chile, Ctr Sismol Nacl, Santiago, Chile. [Geng, Jianghui; Fang, Peng; Bock, Yehuda] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Cecil H & Ida M Green Inst Geophys & Planetary Ph, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Geng, Jianghui] Wuhan Univ, GNSS Ctr, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Bravo, Francisco] Univ Chile, Dept Geofis, Santiago, Chile. [Parra, Hector] Inst Geog Militar, Santiago, Chile. [Bevis, Michael; Caccamise, Dana J., II] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Caccamise, Dana J., II] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Vigny, Christophe] Ecole Normale Super, Geol Lab, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris, France. [Moreno, Marcos] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr, Potsdam, Germany. [Smalley, Robert, Jr.] Univ Memphis, CERI, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Melgar, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dmelgar@berkeley.edu OI Moreno, Marcos/0000-0002-6023-7283 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF3024]; NASA [NNX12AH55G, NNX13AI45A-001]; NSF [EAR-1252186, EAR-1252187]; French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-2011-BS56-017, ANR-2012-BS06-004] FX This research was funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through grant GBMF3024 to UC Berkeley. Participation at Scripps Institution of Oceanography was funded by NASA grants NNX12AH55G and NNX13AI45A-001 and NSF grants EAR-1252186 (EarthScope) and EAR-1252187. This work received partial support from grants ANR-2011-BS56-017 and ANR-2012-BS06-004 of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR). We thank Barry Hirshorn and Lt. Nicolas Guzman for helpful discussions on the timeline of warnings for the Illapel event. We also thank Randy LeVeque and Kyle Mandli for helpful discussions on the Geoclaw software. We also thank the Franco-Chilean international laboratory Montessus deBallore (LIA-MdB) for providing some of the Chilean high-rate GPS data. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 24 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1109 EP 1117 DI 10.1002/2015GL067100 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DG4QI UT WOS:000372056600021 ER PT J AU Akmaev, RA Forbes, JM Lubken, FJ Murphy, DJ Hoffner, J AF Akmaev, R. A. Forbes, J. M. Luebken, F. -J. Murphy, D. J. Hoeffner, J. TI Tides in the mesopause region over Antarctica: Comparison of whole atmosphere model simulations with ground-based observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE nonmigrating tides; mesopause; migrating tides; Antarctica ID NONMIGRATING SEMIDIURNAL TIDES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEMI-DIURNAL TIDE; GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG; SOUTH-POLE; OPTIMAL INTERPOLATION; 12-HOUR OSCILLATION; METEOR RADAR; THERMOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERE AB Almost a quarter century ago first optical and radar observations from the South Pole revealed rich dynamics unexpected from classical tidal theory. A strong semidiurnal wind oscillation was detected near the mesopause implying substantial deviations from the classical view that the semidiurnal variation is dominated by the migrating tide. Subsequent systematic observations exhibited large seasonal variations of both the diurnal and semidiurnal tide with dramatic reduction in amplitude from summer to winter. First numerical simulations with a realistic general circulation model extending into the lower thermosphere indicated the presence of nonmigrating tides with substantial amplitudes in the polar regions. However, direct model-data comparisons have been limited to idealized linear models. Here whole atmosphere model (WAM) simulations for January and July are compared with available wind climatologies based on multiyear radar observations at different locations in Antarctica as well as with first summertime lidar measurements of temperature. The diurnal tide simulation agrees well with most of the independent radar and satellite wind observations in both seasons. The strong semidiurnal tide comprised of migrating and nonmigrating components is well reproduced in summer, while in winter the model tends to overestimate the amplitudes over the continental edge. Besides model validation, a self-consistent numerical solution also enables cross validation of observations made with different instruments at different locales. C1 [Akmaev, R. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Forbes, J. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Luebken, F. -J.; Hoeffner, J.] Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, Kuhlungsborn, Germany. [Murphy, D. J.] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas, Australia. RP Akmaev, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. EM Rashid.Akmaev@noaa.gov FU NASA [NNX12AJ58G]; NSF [OPP-0839084]; Australian Antarctic Program [674] FX J.M.F. acknowledges support under NASA award NNX12AJ58G as part of the Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program. The MF radar at Rothera is a joint project between the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and GATS Inc. operated by BAS. Support through NSF grant OPP-0839084 is acknowledged along with the assistance of David Fritts. The Scott Base MF radar is operated by Adrian McDonald and colleagues at the University of Canterbury through Antarctica New Zealand. Syowa MF radar operation has been carried out by Masaki Tsutsumi, National Institute of Polar Research under the Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions (JAREs). The Davis and Mawson MF radars are supported through the Australian Antarctic Program through grant 674, and the assistance of Robert Vincent is acknowledged. The IDI radar at Halley was owned and operated by BAS and the assistance of Andrew Kavanagh and his colleagues is acknowledged. Computational resources were provided by the NOAA R&D high performance computing system. The tidal analysis results presented here are stored on this system and are available upon request (Rashid.Akmaev@noaa.gov). NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1156 EP 1169 DI 10.1002/2015JD023673 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6QW UT WOS:000371481700008 ER PT J AU Kim, SW McDonald, BC Baidar, S Brown, SS Dube, B Ferrare, RA Frost, GJ Harley, RA Holloway, JS Lee, HJ McKeen, SA Neuman, JA Nowak, JB Oetjen, H Ortega, I Pollack, IB Roberts, JM Ryerson, TB Scarino, AJ Senff, CJ Thalman, R Trainer, M Volkamer, R Wagner, N Washenfelder, RA Waxman, E Young, CJ AF Kim, S. -W. McDonald, B. C. Baidar, S. Brown, S. S. Dube, B. Ferrare, R. A. Frost, G. J. Harley, R. A. Holloway, J. S. Lee, H. -J. McKeen, S. A. Neuman, J. A. Nowak, J. B. Oetjen, H. Ortega, I. Pollack, I. B. Roberts, J. M. Ryerson, T. B. Scarino, A. J. Senff, C. J. Thalman, R. Trainer, M. Volkamer, R. Wagner, N. Washenfelder, R. A. Waxman, E. Young, C. J. TI Modeling the weekly cycle of NOx and CO emissions and their impacts on O-3 in the Los Angeles-South Coast Air Basin during the CalNex 2010 field campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Los Angeles; CalNex; weekly cycle; emissions of NOx and CO; O-3 ID MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TROPOSPHERIC CARBON-MONOXIDE; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; LONG-TERM CHANGES; AEROSOL EXTINCTION; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; DOAS INSTRUMENT; ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AB We developed a new nitrogen oxide (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission inventory for the Los Angeles-South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) expanding the Fuel-based Inventory for motor-Vehicle Emissions and applied it in regional chemical transport modeling focused on the California Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) 2010 field campaign. The weekday NOx emission over the SoCAB in 2010 is 620td(-1), while the weekend emission is 410td(-1). The NOx emission decrease on weekends is caused by reduced diesel truck activities. Weekday and weekend CO emissions over this region are similar: 2340 and 2180td(-1), respectively. Previous studies reported large discrepancies between the airborne observations of NOx and CO mixing ratios and the model simulations for CalNex based on the available bottom-up emission inventories. Utilizing the newly developed emission inventory in this study, the simulated NOx and CO mixing ratios agree with the observations from the airborne and the ground-based in situ and remote sensing instruments during the field study. The simulations also reproduce the weekly cycles of these chemical species. Both the observations and the model simulations indicate that decreased NOx on weekends leads to enhanced photochemistry and increase of O-3 and O-x (=O-3+NO2) in the basin. The emission inventory developed in this study can be extended to different years and other urban regions in the U.S. to study the long-term trends in O-3 and its precursors with regional chemical transport models. C1 [Kim, S. -W.; McDonald, B. C.; Brown, S. S.; Dube, B.; Frost, G. J.; Holloway, J. S.; Lee, H. -J.; McKeen, S. A.; Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Pollack, I. B.; Roberts, J. M.; Ryerson, T. B.; Senff, C. J.; Trainer, M.; Wagner, N.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Young, C. J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kim, S. -W.; McDonald, B. C.; Baidar, S.; Dube, B.; Holloway, J. S.; Lee, H. -J.; McKeen, S. A.; Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Pollack, I. B.; Senff, C. J.; Thalman, R.; Volkamer, R.; Wagner, N.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Waxman, E.; Young, C. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [McDonald, B. C.; Harley, R. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Baidar, S.; Oetjen, H.; Ortega, I.; Thalman, R.; Volkamer, R.; Waxman, E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ferrare, R. A.; Scarino, A. J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Nowak, J. B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Pollack, I. B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pollack, I. B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Young, C. J.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Chem, St John, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. RP Kim, SW (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.; Kim, SW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM siwan.kim@noaa.gov RI Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Oetjen, Hilke/H-3708-2016; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; OI Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Oetjen, Hilke/0000-0002-3542-1337; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807 FU NSF-CAREER [ATM-847793]; California Air Resources Board [ARB 09-317]; CIRES-ESRL graduate fellowship; NOAA Health of Atmosphere program; NASA ROSES ACMAP [NNH14AX01I]; NASA [NNH13AW31I] FX The first author thanks Jerome Brioude, Yuyan Cui, Ravan Ahmadov, Sang-Hyun Lee, Wayne Angevine, Eric Williams, Jim Kelly, Chenxia Cai, Ajith Kaduwela, and Andreas Richter for the discussions and assistance. R. Volkamer acknowledges funding from NSF-CAREER award ATM-847793, and California Air Resources Board contract ARB 09-317. S. Baidar is a recipient of the CIRES-ESRL graduate fellowship. The NOAA Health of Atmosphere program, the NASA ROSES ACMAP (NNH14AX01I), and NASA GEO-CAPE Mission Pre-formulation Study (NNH13AW31I) supported this research. The WRF-Chem model version 3.4.1 used in this study is available at http://www2.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/download/get_source.html. We acknowledge the use of MOZART-4 global model output available at http://www.acom.ucar.edu/wrf-chem/mozart.shtml. The CalNex field campaign data are available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/projects/calnex/. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1340 EP 1360 DI 10.1002/2015JD024292 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6QW UT WOS:000371481700019 ER PT J AU Kline, MC Romsos, EL Duewer, DL AF Kline, Margaret C. Romsos, Erica L. Duewer, David L. TI Evaluating Digital PCR for the Quantification of Human Genomic DNA: Accessible Amplifiable Targets SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplexed assays perform best when the input quantity of template DNA is controlled to within about a factor of root 2. To help ensure that PCR assays yield consistent results over time and place, results from methods used to determine DNA quantity need to be metrologically traceable to a common reference. Many DNA quantitation systems can be accurately calibrated with solutions of DNA in aqueous buffer. Since they do not require external calibration, end-point limiting dilution technologies, collectively termed "digital PCR (dPCR)", have been proposed as suitable for value assigning such DNA calibrants. The performance characteristics of several commercially available dPCR systems have recently been documented using plasmid, viral, or fragmented genomic DNA; dPCR performance with more complex materials, such as human genomic DNA, has been less studied. With the goal of providing a human genomic reference material traceably certified for mass concentration, we are investigating the measurement characteristics of several dPCR systems. We here report results of measurements from multiple PCR assays, on four human genomic DNAs treated with four endonuclease restriction enzymes using both chamber and droplet dPCR platforms. We conclude that dPCR does not estimate the absolute number of PCR targets in a given volume but rather the number of accessible and amplifiable targets. While enzymatic restriction of human genomic DNA increases accessibility for some assays, in well-optimized PCR assays it can reduce the number of amplifiable targets and increase assay variability relative to uncut sample. C1 [Kline, Margaret C.; Romsos, Erica L.; Duewer, David L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duewer, DL (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.duewer@NIST.gov FU NIST Special Programs Office FX This work was supported in part through the NIST Special Programs Office. We thank Katherine Sharpless for her assistance in preparing this document and the anonymous reviewers of an earlier version of this report who requested detailed comparisons between cdPCR and ddPCR systems. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 88 IS 4 BP 2132 EP 2139 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03692 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA DE2JQ UT WOS:000370454000025 PM 26751276 ER PT J AU Harley, JR Bammler, TK Farin, FM Beyer, RP Kavanagh, TJ Dunlap, KL Knott, KK Ylitalo, GM O'Hara, TM AF Harley, John R. Bammler, Theo K. Farin, Federico M. Beyer, Richard P. Kavanagh, Terrance J. Dunlap, Kriya L. Knott, Katrina K. Ylitalo, Gina M. O'Hara, Todd M. TI Using Domestic and Free-Ranging Arctic Canid Models for Environmental Molecular Toxicology Research SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; CAPTIVE SLEDGE DOGS; FOX ALOPEX-LAGOPUS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ORGANOHALOGEN CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HUMAN HEALTH; POLAR BEARS; HUMAN BLOOD; GREENLAND AB The use of sentinel species for population and ecosystem health assessments has been advocated as part of a One Health perspective. The Arctic is experiencing rapid change, including climate and environmental shifts, as well as increased resource development, which will alter exposure of biota to environmental agents of disease. Arctic canid species have wide geographic ranges and feeding ecologies and are often exposed to high concentrations of both terrestrial and marine based contaminants. The domestic dog (Canis lupus farniliaris) has been used in biomedical research for a number of years and has been advocated as a sentinel for human health due to its proximity to humans and, in some instances, similar diet. Exploiting the potential of molecular tools for describing the toxicogenomics of Arctic canids is critical for their development as biomedical models as well as environmental sentinels. Here, we present three approaches analyzing toxicogenomics of Arctic contaminants in both domestic and free-ranging canids (Arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus). We describe a number of confounding variables that must be addressed when conducting toxicogenomics studies in canid and other mammalian models. The ability for canids to act as models for Arctic molecular toxicology research is unique and significant for advancing our understanding and expanding the tool box for assessing the changing landscape of environmental agents of disease in the Arctic. C1 [Harley, John R.; Dunlap, Kriya L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, 900 Yukon Dr,Room 194, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bammler, Theo K.; Farin, Federico M.; Beyer, Richard P.; Kavanagh, Terrance J.] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Ctr Ecogenet & Environm Hlth, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE 100, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Knott, Katrina K.] Memphis Zoo, 2000 Prentiss Pl, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Fisheries & Sci Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Alaska, Dept Vet Med, 901 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Harley, JR (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, 900 Yukon Dr,Room 194, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM john.harley@alaska.edu OI Harley, John/0000-0001-9244-1724 FU National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [5P20RR016466]; NIEHS funded UW Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health [P30ES007033] FX The authors thank J. Castellini and C. Lieske for their assistance with field sampling and data collection and Daryle Boyd, Ron Pearce, and Jennie Bolton from the NMFS's Northwest Fisheries Science Center for assistance in PCB analyses of blood. We also thank Karsten Hueffer for his assistance with carrying out experiments as well as critical review of this manuscript. Funding for these studies was provided by grant number 5P20RR016466 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) and in part by the NIEHS funded UW Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health (P30ES007033). NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1990 EP 1999 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b04396 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE2JS UT WOS:000370454200042 PM 26730740 ER PT J AU Flambaum, VV Porsev, SG Safronova, MS AF Flambaum, V. V. Porsev, S. G. Safronova, M. S. TI Energy shift due to anisotropic blackbody radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLOCKS; DARK-MATTER AB In many applications a source of the blackbody radiation (BBR) can be highly anisotropic. This leads to the BBR shift that depends on tensor polarizability and on the projection of the total angular momentum of ions and atoms in a trap. We derived a formula for the anisotropic BBR shift and performed numerical calculations of this effect for Ca+ and Yb+ transitions of experimental interest. These ions were used for a design of high-precision atomic clocks, fundamental physics tests such as the search for the Lorentz invariance violation and space-time variation of the fundamental constants, and quantum information. Anisotropic BBR shift may be one of the major systematic effects in these experiments. C1 [Flambaum, V. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Porsev, S. G.; Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Porsev, S. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Distr, Russia. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Flambaum, VV (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. FU Gordon Godfrey Fellowship program, UNSW; NSF [PHY-1404156, PHY-1212442, PHY-1520993]; Australian Research Council FX M.S.S. thanks the School of Physics at University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia for hospitality and acknowledges support from the Gordon Godfrey Fellowship program, UNSW. This work was supported by NSF Grants No. PHY-1404156, No. PHY-1212442, and No. PHY-1520993 and the Australian Research Council. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 2 AR 022508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.022508 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DD9KJ UT WOS:000370243800010 ER PT J AU Suess, K Snow, M Viereck, R Machol, J AF Suess, Katherine Snow, Martin Viereck, Rodney Machol, Janet TI Solar Spectral Proxy Irradiance from GOES (SSPRING): a model for solar EUV irradiance SO JOURNAL OF SPACE WEATHER AND SPACE CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Solar irradiance; EUV flux; Space weather ID MGII INDEX; VARIABILITY; MISSION; SORCE AB Several currently operating instruments are able to measure the full EUV spectrum at sufficient wavelength resolution for use in upper-atmosphere modeling, the effects of space weather, and modeling satellite drag. However, no missions are planned at present to succeed the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) missions, which currently provide these data sources. To develop a suitable replacement for these measurements, we use two broadband EUV channels on the NOAA GOES satellites, the magnesium core-to-wing ratio (Mg II index) from the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) as well as EUV and Mg II time averages to model the EUV spectrum from 0.1 to 105 nm at 5-nm spectral resolution and daily time resolution. A Levenberg-Marquardt least squares fitting algorithm is used to determine a coefficient matrix that best reproduces a reference data set when multiplied by input data. The coefficient matrix is then applied to model data outside of the fitting interval. Three different fitting intervals are tested, with a variable fitting interval utilizing all days of data before the prediction date producing the best results. The correlation between the model results and the observed spectrum is found to be above 95% for the 0.1-50 nm range, and between 74% and 95% for the 50-105 nm range. We also find a favorable comparison between our results and the Flare Irradiance Spectral Model (FISM). These results provide a promising potential source for an empirical EUV spectral model after direct EUV measurements are no longer available, and utilize a similar EUV modeling technique as the upcoming GOES-R satellites. C1 [Suess, Katherine; Snow, Martin] Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Viereck, Rodney] NOAA, SWPC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Machol, Janet] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Machol, Janet] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Snow, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Marty.Snow@lasp.colorado.edu RI Machol, Janet/D-5896-2016 OI Machol, Janet/0000-0002-0344-0314 FU NASA Grant at University of Colorado Boulder [NNX13AI25A S03]; NSF Grant at University of Colorado Boulder [AGS-1157020] FX We would like to thank the referees and editors for their help in improving this manuscript. This work was supported by NASA Grant NNX13AI25A S03 (MUSSIC) and NSF Grant AGS-1157020 (REU), both at the University of Colorado Boulder. We also thank Tom Woods and the instrument teams at LASP for the TIMED/SEE, SDO/EVE, and SORCE/SOLSTICE data used in this investigation. The FISM data used in this study was retrieved from LISIRD, and we thank LASP for making this web service available to the community. The GOES EUV data is from http://ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/satellite/goes/dataaccess.html and is the work of many people at NOAA. The editor thanks two anonymous referees for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2115-7251 J9 J SPACE WEATHER SPAC JI J. Space Weather Space Clim. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 6 AR A10 DI 10.1051/swsc/2016003 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD7QI UT WOS:000370118800001 ER PT J AU Karnauskas, KB Cohen, AL Gove, JM AF Karnauskas, Kristopher B. Cohen, Anne L. Gove, Jamison M. TI Mitigation of Coral Reef Warming Across the Central Pacific by the Equatorial Undercurrent: A Past and Future Divide SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN; CLIMATE AB Global climate models (GCMs) predict enhanced warming and nutrient decline across the central tropical Pacific as trade winds weaken with global warming. Concurrent changes in circulation, however, have potential to mitigate these effects for equatorial islands. The implications for densely populated island nations, whose livelihoods depend on ecosystem services, are significant. A unique suite of in situ measurements coupled with state-of-the-art GCM simulations enables us to quantify the mitigation potential of the projected circulation change for three coral reef ecosystems under two future scenarios. Estimated historical trends indicate that over 100% of the large-scale warming to date has been offset locally by changes in circulation, while future simulations predict a warming mitigation effect of only 5-10% depending on the island. The pace and extent to which GCM projections overwhelm historical trends will play a key role in defining the fate of marine ecosystems and island communities across the tropical Pacific. C1 [Karnauskas, Kristopher B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karnauskas, Kristopher B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cohen, Anne L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gove, Jamison M.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst & Oceanog Program, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Karnauskas, KB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Karnauskas, KB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kristopher.karnauskas@colorado.edu FU NSF [OCE-1031971, OCE-1233282]; DoD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP); WHOI Ocean and Climate Change Institute Moltz Fellowship; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program FX Support provided by NSF OCE-1031971 (ALC and KBK). KBK also acknowledges support from NSF OCE-1233282, the DoD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), the WHOI Ocean and Climate Change Institute Moltz Fellowship, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Funding for the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program, was provided by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program. We thank the officers and crews of the NOAA Ships Hi'ialakai and Oscar Elton Sette for logistic support and field assistance. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 21213 DI 10.1038/srep21213 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DD9DG UT WOS:000370225300001 PM 26880042 ER PT J AU Sun, SJ Hu, CM Feng, L Swayze, GA Holmes, J Graettinger, G MacDonald, I Garcia, O Leifer, I AF Sun, Shaojie Hu, Chuanmin Feng, Lian Swayze, Gregg A. Holmes, Jamie Graettinger, George MacDonald, Ian Garcia, Oscar Leifer, Ira TI Oil slick morphology derived from AVIRIS measurements of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Implications-for spatial resolution requirements of remote sensors SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Oil spill; Remote sensing; AVIRIS; Landsat; MERIS; Morphology ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; M. FINGAS; C. BROWN; SATELLITE; TETRACORDER; THICKNESS; IMAGERY; SIGNAL AB Using fine spatial resolution (similar to 7.6 m) hyperspectral AVIRIS data collected over the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, we statistically estimated slick lengths, widths and length/width ratios to characterize oil slick morphology for different thickness classes. For all AVIRIS-detected oil slicks (N = 52,100 continuous features) binned into four thickness classes (<= 50 mu m but thicker than sheen, 50-200 mu m, 200-1000 mu m, and >1000 mu m), the median lengths, widths, and length/width ratios of these classes ranged between 22 and 38 m, 7-11 m, and 2.5-3.3, respectively. The AVIRIS data were further aggregated to 30-m (Landsat resolution) and 300-m (MERIS resolution) spatial bins to determine the fractional oil coverage in each bin. Overall, if 50% fractional pixel coverage were to be required to detect oil with thickness greater than sheen for most oil containing pixels, a 30-m resolution sensor would be needed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Shaojie; Hu, Chuanmin; Feng, Lian] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 Seventh Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Swayze, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Holmes, Jamie] ABT Associates Inc, 1881 Ninth St,Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Graettinger, George] NOAA, Ocean Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [MacDonald, Ian; Garcia, Oscar] Florida State Univ, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci Dept, 117 N Woodward Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Leifer, Ira] BRI, 5910 Matthews St, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. RP Sun, SJ; Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 Seventh Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM huc@ust.edu OI Sun, Shaojie/0000-0002-4802-295X; Leifer, Ira/0000-0002-4674-5775 FU NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program [NNX13AD08G]; BP/Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through C-IMAGE [SA 15-16]; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) [M12PC00003] FX This work was supported by the NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program (Grant NNX13AD08G), the BP/Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through C-IMAGE [SA 15-16], and support from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM, contract M12PC00003). We thank the European Space Agency and NASA for providing MERIS and MODIS data, and thank the NASA JPL and U.S. Geological Survey for providing AVIRIS and Landsat data. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 103 IS 1-2 BP 276 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.12.003 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DJ4RQ UT WOS:000374195800042 PM 26725867 ER PT J AU Berweger, S Blanchard, PT Brubaker, MD Coakley, KJ Sanford, NA Wallis, TM Bertness, KA Kabos, P AF Berweger, Samuel Blanchard, Paul T. Brubaker, Matt D. Coakley, Kevin J. Sanford, Norman A. Wallis, Thomas M. Bertness, Kris A. Kabos, Pavel TI Near-field control and imaging of free charge carrier variations in GaN nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING MICROWAVE MICROSCOPY; SI NANOWIRES; ELECTRONICS; SCALE; CELLS AB Despite their uniform crystallinity, the shape and faceting of semiconducting nanowires (NWs) can give rise to variations in structure and associated electronic properties. Here, we develop a hybrid scanning probe-based methodology to investigate local variations in electronic structure across individual n-doped GaN NWs integrated into a transistor device. We perform scanning microwave microscopy (SMM), which we combine with scanning gate microscopy to determine the freecarrier SMM signal contribution and image local charge carrier density variations. In particular, we find significant variations in free carriers across NWs, with a higher carrier density at the wire facets. By increasing the local carrier density through tip-gating, we find that the tip injects current into the NW with strongly localized current when positioned over the wire vertices. These results suggest that the strong variations in electronic properties observed within NWs have significant implications for device design and may lead to new paths to optimization. C1 [Berweger, Samuel; Blanchard, Paul T.; Brubaker, Matt D.; Coakley, Kevin J.; Sanford, Norman A.; Wallis, Thomas M.; Bertness, Kris A.; Kabos, Pavel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Berweger, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 7 AR 073101 DI 10.1063/1.4942107 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH8PK UT WOS:000373056400034 ER PT J AU Medina, L Gilat, R Ilic, BR Krylov, S AF Medina, Lior Gilat, Rivka Ilic, B. Robert Krylov, Slava TI Experimental dynamic trapping of electrostatically actuated bistable micro-beams SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate a dynamic snap-through from a primary to a secondary statically inaccessible stable configuration in single crystal silicon, curved, doubly clamped micromechanical beam structures. The nanoscale motion of the fabricated bistable micromechanical devices was transduced using a high speed camera. Our experimental and theoretical results collectively show that the transition between the two stable states was solely achieved by a tailored time dependent electrostatic actuation. Fast imaging of the micromechanical motion allowed for direct visualization of dynamic trapping at the statically inaccessible state. These results further suggest that our direct dynamic actuation transcends prevalent limitations in controlling geometrically non-linear microstructures, and may have applications extending to multi-stable, topologically optimized micromechanical logic and non-volatile memory architectures. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Medina, Lior] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-6997801 Ramat Aviv, Israel. [Gilat, Rivka] Ariel Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Civil Engn, IL-44837 Ariel, Israel. [Ilic, B. Robert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krylov, Slava] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-6997801 Ramat Aviv, Israel. RP Medina, L (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-6997801 Ramat Aviv, Israel. EM liormedi@post.tau.ac.il FU Broadcom Foundation; Tel Aviv University Authentication Initiative; Ariel University; Israel Ministry of Science, Technology and Space FX The authors would like to thank Erez Benjamin, Stella Lulinski and Yoav Linzon for their help with experiments and the staff at the Cornell Nanoscale Facility for their generous aid in fabrication. The research was supported by the Broadcom Foundation, Tel Aviv University Authentication Initiative, Ariel University and Israel Ministry of Science, Technology and Space. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 7 AR 073503 DI 10.1063/1.4941731 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH8PK UT WOS:000373056400045 ER PT J AU MacCrehan, W AF MacCrehan, William TI GREGORY C. TURK SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [MacCrehan, William] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP MacCrehan, W (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2347 EI 1520-605X J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 7 BP 35 EP 35 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA DE1PA UT WOS:000370397700064 ER PT J AU Attota, R AF Attota, Ravikiran TI Noise analysis for through-focus scanning optical microscopy SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSPECTION AB A systematic noise-analysis study for optimizing data collection and data processing parameters for through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) is presented. TSOM is a three-dimensional shape metrology method that can achieve sub-nanometer measurement sensitivity by analyzing sets of images acquired through focus using a conventional optical microscope. We show that the best balance between signal-to-noise performance and acquisition time can be achieved by judicious spatial averaging. Correct background-signal subtraction of the imaging system inhomogeneities is also critical, as well as careful alignment of the constituent images in the case of differential TSOM analysis. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Attota, Ravikiran] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Attota, R (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Ravikiran.attota@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 4 BP 745 EP 748 DI 10.1364/OL.41.000745 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA DD5DN UT WOS:000369942900023 PM 26872178 ER PT J AU Grubbs, RD Carlson, JK Romine, JG Curtis, TH McElroy, WD McCandless, CT Cotton, CF Musick, JA AF Grubbs, R. Dean Carlson, John K. Romine, Jason G. Curtis, Tobey H. McElroy, W. David McCandless, Camilla T. Cotton, Charles F. Musick, John A. TI Critical assessment and ramifications of a purported marine trophic cascade SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ARGOPECTEN-IRRADIANS-CONCENTRICUS; LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; RHINOPTERA-BONASUS; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; COWNOSE RAY; FOOD-HABITS; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS AB When identifying potential trophic cascades, it is important to clearly establish the trophic linkages between predators and prey with respect to temporal abundance, demographics, distribution, and diet. In the northwest Atlantic Ocean, the depletion of large coastal sharks was thought to trigger a trophic cascade whereby predation release resulted in increased cownose ray abundance, which then caused increased predation on and subsequent collapse of commercial bivalve stocks. These claims were used to justify the development of a predator-control fishery for cownose rays, the "Save the Bay, Eat a Ray" fishery, to reduce predation on commercial bivalves. A reexamination of data suggests declines in large coastal sharks did not coincide with purported rapid increases in cownose ray abundance. Likewise, the increase in cownose ray abundance did not coincide with declines in commercial bivalves. The lack of temporal correlations coupled with published diet data suggest the purported trophic cascade is lacking the empirical linkages required of a trophic cascade. Furthermore, the life history parameters of cownose rays suggest they have low reproductive potential and their populations are incapable of rapid increases. Hypothesized trophic cascades should be closely scrutinized as spurious conclusions may negatively influence conservation and management decisions. C1 [Grubbs, R. Dean; Cotton, Charles F.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. [Carlson, John K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Romine, Jason G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Curtis, Tobey H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Greater Atlantic Reg Fisheries Off, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [McElroy, W. David] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McCandless, Camilla T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 32062 USA. RP Carlson, JK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM john.carlson@noaa.gov NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 16 U2 99 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 20970 DI 10.1038/srep20970 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DD6SX UT WOS:000370055800001 PM 26876514 ER PT J AU Tyra, M Brearley, A Guan, YB AF Tyra, Mark Brearley, Adrian Guan, Yunbin TI Episodic carbonate precipitation in the CM chondrite ALH 84049: An ion microprobe analysis of O and C isotopes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC-MATTER; BODY AQUEOUS ALTERATION; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; PARENT BODIES; HYDROUS ASTEROIDS; MODAL MINERALOGY; EVOLUTION; DOLOMITE; FRACTIONATION; ORIGIN AB We have determined the O and C isotope compositions of dolomite grains and the C isotope compositions of calcite grains in the highly altered CM1 chondrite, ALH 84049, using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). Chemically-zoned dolomite constitutes 0.8 volume percent (vol%) of the sample and calcite 0.9 vol%. Thirteen separate dolomite grains have delta C-13 values that range from 37 to 60 (+2) %, delta O-18 values from 25 to 32 (+3) %, and delta O-17 values from 10 to 16 (+3) % (VSMOW). Intragrain delta C-13 values in dolomite vary up to 10%. The delta C-13 values of three calcite grains are distinct from those of dolomite and range from 10 to 13 (+/- 2) % (PDB). Calcite and dolomite appear to record different precipitation episodes. Carbon isotope values of both dolomite and calcite in this single sample encompass much of the reported range for CM chondrites; our results imply that bulk carbonate C and O isotope analyses may oversimplify the history of carbonate precipitation. Multiple generations of carbonates with variable isotope compositions exist in ALH 84049 and, perhaps, in many CM chondrites. This work shows that one should exercise caution when using a clumped isotope approach to determine the original temperature and the isotopic compositions of water for CM chondrite carbonates. Less altered CM meteorites with more-homogeneous C isotope compositions, however, may be suitable for bulk-carbonate analyses, but detailed carbonate petrologic and isotopic characterization of individual samples is advised. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tyra, Mark; Brearley, Adrian] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Guan, Yunbin] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Tyra, Mark] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tyra, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.; Tyra, M (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matyra@unm.edu FU NASA [NNG06GG37G, NNX11AK51G]; NSF; N.M. Space Grant; Meteoritical Society FX This work was supported by NASA Grant NNG06GG37G and NNX11AK51G to A.J. Brearley (PI), the N.M. Space Grant (M.A. Tyra), and a 2010 Meteoritical Society student travel award (M.A. Tyra). I am grateful for discussions with Scott Jasechko, Maarten de Moor, and Rena Ford. Electron microscopy and electron microprobe analyses were carried out in the Electron Microbeam Analysis Facility, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, a facility supported by the State of New Mexico. We are particularly grateful to Mike Spilde for his assistance with the SEM and electron microprobe. US Antarctic meteorite samples are recovered by the Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET) program which has been funded by NSF and NASA, and characterized and curated by the Department of Mineral Sciences of the Smithsonian Institution and Astromaterials Curation Office at NASA Johnson Space Center. Finally, we acknowledge the hard work of Conel Alexander, Monica Grady, Chris Herd (AE) and an anonymous reviewer whose work extensively improved the manuscript. NR 79 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 175 BP 195 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2015.10.034 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DC2TR UT WOS:000369070000013 ER PT J AU Shull, RD Kabanov, YP Gornakov, VS Chen, PJ Nikitenko, VI AF Shull, R. D. Kabanov, Yu. P. Gornakov, V. S. Chen, P. J. Nikitenko, V. I. TI Shape critical properties of patterned Permalloy thin films SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Magnetism CY JUL 05-10, 2015 CL Span Soc Magnetism, Barcelona, SPAIN SP Barcelo Congress, Palau Congress Catalunya, Spanish Royal Soc Phys, Int Union Pure Appl Phys HO Span Soc Magnetism DE Domain structure; Magnetic microstructure; Magneto optical imaging; Patterned thin film; Spin vortex ID MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; ANISOTROPY; ELEMENT; EDGE; CO AB The effects of shape and edges in magnetic elements with reduced dimensions on the magnetization reversal of cross- and framed cross- shaped Ni79Fe21 (30 nm) films were studied. Remagnetization details in the strips of the patterned structures, which had 3 to 30 mu m widths and similar to 100 mu m lengths, were visualized by the magneto-optical indicator film technique. The magneto-optic images revealed three different types of the domain structure formation and evolution in the samples during their magnetization reversal: (i) spin rotation with growth and annihilation of a cross-tie structure in the strips perpendicular to the applied field, (ii) nucleation and fast motion of special boundaries, which consist of a number of coupled vortices located along both edges of the strips parallel to the applied field, and (iii) switching by ripple structure formation with macrodomain nucleation and domain wall motion in the large unpatterned part of the films. It was experimentally revealed that there exists a dependence of the critical field for nucleation and motion of domain walls in the parallel-to-field strips on their width and frame width. In particular, an inverse proportionality between this nucleation field and strip width was found in these strips having micrometer sized widths. Both experimental and simulation results show that, in cases (i) and (ii), the magnetostatic fields, which are formed on the edges of the strips and at their intersections, play a crucial role in the formation of spin inhomogeneities and switching of the samples. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shull, R. D.; Chen, P. J.; Nikitenko, V. I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kabanov, Yu. P.; Gornakov, V. S.; Nikitenko, V. I.] RAS, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RP Shull, RD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shull@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 400 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.jmm.2015.07.109 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CY1HP UT WOS:000366157600042 PM 26955208 ER PT J AU Gui, H Chen, HT Khripin, CY Liu, BL Fagan, JA Zhou, CW Zheng, M AF Gui, Hui Chen, Haitian Khripin, Constantine Y. Liu, Bilu Fagan, Jeffrey A. Zhou, Chongwu Zheng, Ming TI A facile and low-cost length sorting of single-wall carbon nanotubes by precipitation and applications for thin-film transistors SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS 2-PHASE EXTRACTION; GEL CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; FRACTIONATION; PERFORMANCE; CHIRALITY; PARTITION; SYSTEMS AB Semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with long lengths are highly desirable for many applications such as thin-film transistors and circuits. Previously reported length sorting techniques usually require sophisticated instrumentation and are hard to scale up. In this paper, we report for the first time a general phenomenon of a length-dependent precipitation of surfactant-dispersed carbon nanotubes by polymers, salts, and their combinations. Polyelectrolytes such as polymethacrylate (PMAA) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) are found to be especially effective on cholate and deoxycholate dispersed SWCNTs. By adding PMAA to these nanotube dispersions in a stepwise fashion, we have achieved nanotube precipitation in a length-dependent order: first nanotubes with an average length of 650 nm, and then successively of 450 nm, 350 nm, and 250 nm. A similar effect of nanotube length sorting has also been observed for PSS. To demonstrate the utility of the length fractionation, the 650 nm-long nanotube fraction was subjected to an aqueous two-phase separation to obtain semiconducting enriched nanotubes. Thin-film transistors fabricated with the resulting semiconducting SWCNTs showed a carrier mobility up to 18 cm(2) (V s)(-1) and an on/off ratio up to 10(7). Our result sheds new light on the phase behavior of aqueous nanotube dispersions under high concentrations of polymers and salts, and offers a facile, low-cost, and scalable method to produce length sorted semiconducting nanotubes for macroelectronics applications. C1 [Gui, Hui] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Chen, Haitian; Liu, Bilu; Zhou, Chongwu] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Khripin, Constantine Y.; Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zheng, M (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM chongwuz@usc.edu; ming.zheng@nist.gov RI Liu, Bilu/B-2287-2010; Zhou, Chongwu/F-7483-2010; OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU AFOSR; Joint King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)/California Center of Excellence FX We acknowledge financial support from AFOSR and Joint King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)/California Center of Excellence. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 11 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PD FEB 14 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 6 BP 3467 EP 3473 DI 10.1039/c5nr07329d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DD4QY UT WOS:000369908900036 PM 26796507 ER PT J AU Allcock, DTC Harty, TP Sepiol, MA Janacek, HA Ballance, CJ Steane, AM Lucas, DM Stacey, DN AF Allcock, D. T. C. Harty, T. P. Sepiol, M. A. Janacek, H. A. Ballance, C. J. Steane, A. M. Lucas, D. M. Stacey, D. N. TI Dark-resonance Doppler cooling and high fluorescence in trapped Ca-43 ions at intermediate magnetic field SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE laser cooling; ion trap; hyperfine qubit; Doppler cooling; sideband cooling; calcium 43; optical Bloch equations AB We demonstrate simple and robust methods for Doppler cooling and obtaining high fluorescence from trapped Ca-43(+) ions at a magnetic field of 146 Gauss. This field gives access to a magnetic-field-independent 'atomic clock' qubit transition within the ground level hyperfine structure of the ion, but also causes the complex internal structure of the 64 states relevant to Doppler cooling to be spread over many times the atomic transition line-width. Using a time-dependent optical Bloch equation simulation of the system we develop a simple scheme to Doppler-cool the ion on a two-photon dark resonance, which is robust to typical experimental variations in laser intensities, detunings and polarizations. We experimentally demonstrate cooling to a temperature of 0.3 mK, slightly below the Doppler limit for the corresponding two-level system, and then use Raman sideband laser cooling to cool further to the ground states of the ion's radial motional modes. These methods will enable two-qubit entangling gates with this ion, which is one of the most promising qubits so far developed. C1 [Allcock, D. T. C.; Harty, T. P.; Sepiol, M. A.; Janacek, H. A.; Ballance, C. J.; Steane, A. M.; Lucas, D. M.; Stacey, D. N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Allcock, D. T. C.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lucas, DM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM d.lucas@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Allcock, David/C-7582-2013 OI Allcock, David/0000-0002-7317-5560 FU St John's College, Oxford; EPSRC Science & Innovation award; Network Quantum Information Technology Hub FX The authors thank L Guidoni for assistance in setting up the experiment, N M Linke for producing figure 5 and DJ Szwer for assisting with preliminary simulations. TPH gratefully acknowledges support from St John's College, Oxford. This work was supported by an EPSRC Science & Innovation award and the Network Quantum Information Technology Hub. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD FEB 12 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 023043 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/2/023043 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DH0FB UT WOS:000372456800002 ER PT J AU Phillips, DG Snow, WM Babul, K Banerjee, S Baxter, DV Berezhiani, Z Bergevin, M Bhattacharya, S Brooijmans, G Castellanos, L Chen, MC Coppola, CE Cowsik, R Crabtree, JA Das, P Dees, EB Dolgov, A Ferguson, PD Frost, M Gabrie, T Gal, A Gallmeier, F Ganezer, K Golubeva, E Greene, G Hartfiel, B Hawari, A Heilbronn, L Johnson, C Kamyshkov, Y Kerbikov, B Kitaguchi, M Kopeliovich, BZ Kopeliovich, VB Kuzmin, VA Liu, CY McGaughey, P Mocko, M Mohapatra, R Mokhov, N Muhrer, G Mumm, HP Okun, L Pattie, RW Quigg, C Ramberg, E Ray, A Roy, A Ruggles, A Sarkar, U Saunders, A Serebrov, AP Shimizu, HM Shrock, R Sikdar, AK Sjue, S Striganov, S Townsend, LW Tschirhart, R Vainshtein, A Van Kooten, R Wang, Z Young, AR AF Phillips, D. G., II Snow, W. M. Babul, K. Banerjee, S. Baxter, D. V. Berezhiani, Z. Bergevin, M. Bhattacharya, S. Brooijmans, G. Castellanos, L. Chen, M. -C. Coppola, C. E. Cowsik, R. Crabtree, J. A. Das, P. Dees, E. B. Dolgov, A. Ferguson, P. D. Frost, M. Gabrie, T. Gal, A. Gallmeier, F. Ganezer, K. Golubeva, E. Greene, G. Hartfiel, B. Hawari, A. Heilbronn, L. Johnson, C. Kamyshkov, Y. Kerbikov, B. Kitaguchi, M. Kopeliovich, B. Z. Kopeliovich, V. B. Kuzmin, V. A. Liu, C. -Y. McGaughey, P. Mocko, M. Mohapatra, R. Mokhov, N. Muhrer, G. Mumm, H. P. Okun, L. Pattie, R. W., Jr. Quigg, C. Ramberg, E. Ray, A. Roy, A. Ruggles, A. Sarkar, U. Saunders, A. Serebrov, A. P. Shimizu, H. M. Shrock, R. Sikdar, A. K. Sjue, S. Striganov, S. Townsend, L. W. Tschirhart, R. Vainshtein, A. Van Kooten, R. Wang, Z. Young, A. R. TI Neutron-antineutron oscillations: Theoretical status and experimental prospects SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Neutron-antineutron oscillation; Baryon number violation; Spallation; Cold neutron source; Quasi-free condition ID SMALL-SIGNAL ANALYSIS; HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS; LEFT-RIGHT SYMMETRY; N-NBAR-OSCILLATION; EXPERIMENTAL LIMIT; ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETERS; ANTIPROTON ANNIHILATION; STOPPED ANTIPROTONS; EXPERIMENTAL SEARCH; BAYESIAN-APPROACH AB The observation of neutrons turning into antineutrons would constitute a discovery of fundamental importance for particle physics and cosmology. Observing the n-(n) over bar transition would show that baryon number (B) is violated by two units and that matter containing neutrons is unstable. It would provide a clue to how the matter in our universe might have evolved from the B = 0 early universe. If seen at rates observable in foreseeable next-generation experiments, it might well help us understand the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe. A demonstration of the violation of B-L by 2 units would have a profound impact on our understanding of phenomena beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Slow neutrons have kinetic energies of a few meV. By exploiting new slow neutron sources and optics technology developed for materials research, an optimized search for oscillations using free neutrons from a slow neutron moderator could improve existing limits on the free oscillation probability by at least three orders of magnitude. Such an experiment would deliver a slow neutron beam through a magnetically-shielded vacuum chamber to a thin annihilation target surrounded by a low-background antineutron annihilation detector. Antineutron annihilation in a target downstream of a free neutron beam is such a spectacular experimental signature that an essentially background-free search is possible. An authentic positive signal can be extinguished by a very small change in the ambient magnetic field in such an experiment. It is also possible to improve the sensitivity of neutron oscillation searches in nuclei using large underground detectors built mainly to search for proton decay and detect neutrinos. This paper summarizes the relevant theoretical developments, outlines some ideas to improve experimental searches for free neutron oscillations, and suggests avenues both for theoretical investigation and for future improvement in the experimental sensitivity. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Castellanos, L.; Ganezer, K.; Hartfiel, B.; Shimizu, H. M.] Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Phys, 1000 E Victoria St,NSMB 202, Carson, CA 90747 USA. [Snow, W. M.; Baxter, D. V.; Liu, C. -Y.] Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, 2401 Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Brooijmans, G.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 West 120th St,704 Pupin Hall,MC 5255, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Mokhov, N.; Quigg, C.; Ramberg, E.; Striganov, S.; Tschirhart, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Snow, W. M.; Baxter, D. V.; Johnson, C.; Liu, C. -Y.; Van Kooten, R.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, 727 EThird St,Swain Hall West,Room 117, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Castellanos, L.; Golubeva, E.; Kopeliovich, V. B.; Kuzmin, V. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Prospekt 60 Letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia. [Dolgov, A.; Kerbikov, B.; Okun, L.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Bolshaya Cheremushkinskaya Ul 25, Moscow 113259, Russia. [Roy, A.] Interuniv Accelerator Ctr, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg,Vasantkunj Sect B, New Delhi 110067, DL, India. [Berezhiani, Z.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, 18,Str Statale 17 Bis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [McGaughey, P.; Mocko, M.; Muhrer, G.; Saunders, A.; Sjue, S.; Wang, Z.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kerbikov, B.; Kopeliovich, V. B.] Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, 9 Inst Per, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Moscow Region, Russia. [Kitaguchi, M.] Nagoya Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Mumm, H. P.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hawari, A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Burlington Engn Labs 3140, 2500 Stinson Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Phillips, D. G., II; Dees, E. B.; Pattie, R. W., Jr.; Young, A. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, 2401 Stinson Dr,Box 8202, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dolgov, A.] Novosibirsk State Univ, 2 Pirogova Str, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Crabtree, J. A.; Ferguson, P. D.; Gallmeier, F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Bear Creek Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Babul, K.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, 145 Phys Sci Bldg, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Sarkar, U.] Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. [Gal, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Banerjee, S.; Bhattacharya, S.] Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Block AF,Sect 1, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. [Serebrov, A. P.] St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Shrock, R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Phillips, D. G., II; Dees, E. B.; Pattie, R. W., Jr.; Young, A. R.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, POB 90308, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Berezhiani, Z.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, Via Vetoio, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Bergevin, M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chen, M. -C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Dolgov, A.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis & Sci Terra, Polo Sci & Tecnol Edificio C,Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy. [Mohapatra, R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, 1117 John S Toll Bldg 082, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vainshtein, A.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, William I Fine Theoret Phys Inst, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Kopeliovich, B. Z.] Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Dept Fis, Ctr Estudios Subatom, Ave Espafia 1680,Casilla 110, Valparaiso, Chile. [Kopeliovich, B. Z.] Ctr Cient Tecnol Valparaiso, Ave Espafia 1680,Casilla 110, Valparaiso, Chile. [Heilbronn, L.; Ruggles, A.; Townsend, L. W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, 315 Pasqua Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Coppola, C. E.; Frost, M.; Gabrie, T.; Greene, G.; Kamyshkov, Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, 401 Nielsen Phys Bldg,1408 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Das, P.; Ray, A.; Sikdar, A. K.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Block AF,Sect 1, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. [Cowsik, R.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, One Brookings Dr,Campus Box 1105, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Snow, WM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, 727 EThird St,Swain Hall West,Room 117, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM wsnow@indiana.edu RI Baxter, David /D-3769-2013; Berezhiani, Zurab/H-7221-2016; Kerbikov, Boris/E-1931-2016; Kamyshkov, Yuri/J-7999-2016; Serebrov, Anatoly/A-6771-2014; OI Baxter, David /0000-0003-2812-0904; Berezhiani, Zurab/0000-0002-4156-1686; Kerbikov, Boris/0000-0003-1866-5695; Kamyshkov, Yuri/0000-0002-3789-7152; Serebrov, Anatoly/0000-0002-6734-038X; Frost, Matthew/0000-0001-6821-170X; Mocko, Michael/0000-0003-0447-4687 FU Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries; ORU Funding Program of the Office of Research of the University of Tennessee; United States Department of Energy Office of High Energy Physics [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX The work of W.M. Snow, C-Y. Liu, and R. Van Kooten was supported in part by the Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries. The University of Tennessee group was supported in part by the ORU Funding Program of the Office of Research of the University of Tennessee. Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy Office of High Energy Physics. NR 215 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 EI 1873-6270 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2016 VL 612 BP 1 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.physrep.2015.11.001 PG 45 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DE2KB UT WOS:000370455100001 ER PT J AU Mao, L Hu, MJ Pan, BC Xie, YC Petersen, EJ AF Mao, Liang Hu, Maojie Pan, Bingcai Xie, Yongchao Petersen, Elijah J. TI Biodistribution and toxicity of radio-labeled few layer graphene in mice after intratracheal instillation SO PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Few layer graphene; Biodistribution; Toxicity; Mice; Intratracheal instillation; Occupational risk ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; IN-VIVO; INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; INHALATION EXPOSURE; PULMONARY TOXICITY; BLOOD-CIRCULATION; PRISTINE GRAPHENE; OXIDE AB Background: The potential human health risks from graphene inhalation exposure have attracted substantial scientific interest as a result of the numerous exciting potential commercial applications of graphene. However, the long-term distribution of graphene in organisms after inhalation is unknown, largely as a result of challenges associated with accurate graphene quantification. Methods: Carbon-14 labeled FLG was used to quantify the in vivo distribution of FLG in mice after oral gavage or intratracheal instillation for up to 3 or 28 days after exposure, respectively. Results: Intratracheally instilled FLG was mainly retained in the lung with 47 % remaining after 4 weeks. Exposure to non-labeled FLG resulted in dose-dependent acute lung injury and pulmonary edema, but these effects were alleviated with time despite the continued presence of FLG in the lungs. One percent and 0.18 % of the intratracheally instilled FLG was present in the liver and spleen, respectively, after 14 days by passing through the air-blood barrier, a finding supported by the results of oral gavage experiments which did not show detectable absorption through the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, 46.2 % of the intratracheally instilled FLG was excreted through the feces 28 d after exposure. Conclusions: Quantitative measurements revealed the elimination mechanism for FLG and its biodistribution for two exposure pathways. Graphene persistence in the lung only caused transient pulmonary effects. The in vivo distribution, elimination, and toxicity results provided here measured using a robust quantitative method support the human health risk assessment of graphene. C1 [Mao, Liang; Hu, Maojie; Pan, Bingcai; Xie, Yongchao] Nanjing Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pan, BC (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM lmao@nju.edu.cn; bcpan@nju.edu.cn RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21377049, 21237001]; Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China [201355] FX We acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21377049 and 21237001), and a Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China (201355). We thank Prof. Peng Wang for his experimental assistance on TEM. Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 16 U2 46 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-8977 J9 PART FIBRE TOXICOL JI Part. Fibre Toxicol. PD FEB 11 PY 2016 VL 13 AR 7 DI 10.1186/s12989-016-0120-1 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA DD6FU UT WOS:000370020900001 PM 26864058 ER PT J AU Shlosman, I Choi, JH Begelman, MC Nagamine, K AF Shlosman, Isaac Choi, Jun-Hwan Begelman, Mitchell C. Nagamine, Kentaro TI Supermassive black hole seed formation at high redshifts: long-term evolution of the direct collapse SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: numerical; galaxies: formation; galaxies: high-redshift; cosmology: theory; dark ages, reionization, first stars ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; ATOMIC COOLING HALOES; SINK PARTICLES; STAR-FORMATION; 1ST STARS; COSMOLOGICAL HYDRODYNAMICS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; GALAXY MERGERS; GAS; ACCRETION AB We use cosmological adaptive mesh refinement code ENZO zoom-in simulations to study the long-term evolution of the collapsing gas within dark matter haloes at z. This direct collapse process is a leading candidate for rapid formation of supermassive black hole (SMBH) seeds. To circumvent the Courant condition at small radii, we apply the sink particle method, focusing on evolution on scales similar to 0.01-10 pc. The collapse proceeds in two stages, with the secondary runaway happening within the central 10 pc. The sink particles form when the collapsing gas requires additional refinement of the grid size at the highest refinement level. Their growth is negligible with the sole exception of the central seed which grows dramatically to M-seed similar to 2 x 10(6) M-circle dot in similar to 2 Myr, confirming the feasibility of this path to the SMBH. The variability of angular momentum in the accreted gas results in the formation of two misaligned discs. Both discs lie within the Roche limit of the central seed. While the inner disc is geometrically thin and weakly asymmetric, the outer disc flares due to turbulent motions as a result of the massive inflow along a pair of penetrating filaments. The filamentary inflow determines the dominant Fourier modes in this disc - these modes have a non-self-gravitational origin. We do not confirm that m = 1 is a dominant mode that drives the inflow in the presence of a central massive object. The overall configuration appears to be generic, and is expected to form when the central seed becomes sufficiently massive. C1 [Shlosman, Isaac] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Shlosman, Isaac; Nagamine, Kentaro] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Theoret Astrophys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Choi, Jun-Hwan] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nagamine, Kentaro] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Shlosman, I (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM shlosman@pa.uky.edu FU NSF [AST-0807760, AST-1009799, AST-1411879]; HST/STScI [AR-12639.01-A]; International Joint Research Promotion Program at Osaka University; NASA ATP [NNX11AE09G]; Caltech/JPL SURP through the UT Austin [1515294]; JSPS KAKENHI [26247022]; NASA through STScI [HST/STScI AR-12639.01-A]; NASA [NAS5-26555] FX We thank Takashi Hosokawa for interesting and insightful discussions, and thank the ENZO and YT support team. All analysis has been conducted using YT (Turk et al. 2011, http://yt-project.org/). IS acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-0807760 and from HST/STScI grant AR-12639.01-A. IS and KN are grateful for support from International Joint Research Promotion Program at Osaka University. JHC acknowledges support from NASA ATP NNX11AE09G, NSF AST-1009799, and Caltech/JPL SURP Project No. 1515294 through the UT Austin (P.I. Paul Shapiro). MCB acknowledges support from the NSF under AST-1411879. KN acknowledges the partial support by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26247022. Support for HST/STScI AR-12639.01-A was provided by NASA through a grant from the STScI, which is operated by the AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 11 PY 2016 VL 456 IS 1 BP 500 EP 511 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv2700 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DA7UN UT WOS:000368010000071 ER PT J AU Schlenker, LS Latour, RJ Brill, RW Graves, JE AF Schlenker, Lela S. Latour, Robert J. Brill, Richard W. Graves, John E. TI Physiological stress and post-release mortality of white marlin (Kajikia albida) caught in the United States recreational fishery SO CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air exposure; catch and release; handling practices; post-release mortality; stress physiology; white marlin ID SATELLITE ARCHIVAL TAGS; BONEFISH ALBULA-VULPES; TUNA THUNNUS-ALBACARES; BRIEF AIR EXPOSURE; BLUE MARLIN; TETRAPTURUS-ALBIDUS; MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; ROUNDSCALE SPEARFISH; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE; ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY AB White marlin, a highly migratory pelagic marine fish, support important commercial and recreational fisheries throughout their range in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean. More than 10 000 individuals can be caught annually in the United States recreational fishery, of which the vast majority are captured on circle hooks and released alive. The probability of post-release mortality of white marlin released from circle hooks has been documented to be <0.02, but the associated physiological stress resulting from capture and handling techniques has not been characterized despite its importance for understanding the health of released fish. We examined the physiological response of 68 white marlin caught on circle hooks in the recreational fishery and followed the fate of 22 of these fish with pop-up satellite archival tags programmed to release after 30 days. Measures of plasma sodium, chloride, glucose and lactate concentrations taken from fish that were briefly and consistently (mean = 120 s, standard deviation = 40 s) removed from the water increased with angling time, but post-release mortality was inversely related to angling time. The probability of post-release mortality was predicted by elevated plasma potassium concentrations and was more than 10 times greater than has been previously reported for white marlin caught on circle hooks that were not removed from the water. This disparity in estimates of post-release mortality suggests that removal of fish from the water for physiological sampling greatly heightens stress, disrupts homeostasis and thus increases the probability of post-release mortality. Our results demonstrate that elevated concentrations of plasma potassium predict mortality in white marlin and that the probability of post-release mortality is highly dependent on post-capture handling procedures. C1 [Schlenker, Lela S.; Latour, Robert J.; Graves, John E.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Brill, Richard W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Schlenker, LS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Marine Biol & Ecol, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM lschlenker@rsmas.miami.edu FU Offield Family Foundation; National Science Foundation GK-12 [DGE - 0840804] FX This work was supported by the Offield Family Foundation and the National Science Foundation GK-12 (DGE - 0840804 to L.S.S.). NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2051-1434 J9 CONSERV PHYSIOL JI Conserv. Physiol. PD FEB 10 PY 2016 VL 4 AR cov066 DI 10.1093/conphys/cov066 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Physiology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physiology GA DK8UW UT WOS:000375204800001 PM 27293745 ER PT J AU Khac, BCT Jeon, KJ Choi, ST Kim, YS DelRio, FW Chung, KH AF Bien Cuong Tran Khac Jeon, Ki-Joon Choi, Seung Tae Kim, Yong Soo DelRio, Frank W. Chung, Koo-Hyun TI Laser-Induced Particle Adsorption on Atomically Thin MoS2 SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE adsorbates; friction force microscopy; laser power; Raman spectroscopy; thermal conductivity ID SINGLE-LAYER MOS2; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT RAMAN; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FORCE MICROSCOPY; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; MONOLAYER MOS2; ELECTRIC-FIELD; GRAPHENE; FRICTION; SCATTERING AB Atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) shows great potential for use in nanodevices because of its remarkable electronic, optoelectronic, and mechanical properties. These material properties are often dependent on the thickness or the number of layers, and hence Raman spectroscopy is widely used to characterize the thickness of atomically thin MoS2 due to the sensitivity of the vibrational spectrum to thickness. However, the lasers used in Raman spectroscopy can increase the local surface temperature and eventually damage the upper layers of the MoS2, thereby changing the aforementioned material properties. In this work, the effects of lasers on the topography and material properties of atomically thin MoS2 were systematically investigated using Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. In detail, friction force microscopy was used to study the friction characteristics of atomically thin MoS2 as a function of laser powers from 0.5 to 20 mW and number of layers from 1 to 3. It was found that particles formed on the top surface of the atomically thin MoS2 due to laser-induced thermal effects. The degree of particle formation increased as the laser power increased, prior to the thinning of the atomically thin MoS2. In addition, the degree of particle formation increased as the number of MoS2 layers increased, which suggests that the thermal behavior of the supported MoS2 may differ depending on the number of layers. The particles likely originated from the atmosphere due to laser-induced heating, but could be eliminated via appropriate laser powers and exposure times, which were determined experimentally. The outcomes of this work indicate that thermal management is crucial in the design of reliable nanoscale devices based on atomically thin MoS2. C1 [Bien Cuong Tran Khac; Choi, Seung Tae; Chung, Koo-Hyun] Univ Ulsan, Sch Mech Engn, Ulsan 44610, South Korea. [Jeon, Ki-Joon] Inha Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Inchon 22212, South Korea. [Kim, Yong Soo] Univ Ulsan, Dept Phys, Ulsan 44610, South Korea. [Kim, Yong Soo] Univ Ulsan, Energy Harvest Storage Res Ctr, Ulsan 44610, South Korea. [DelRio, Frank W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Choi, Seung Tae] Chung Ang Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Seoul 06974, South Korea. RP Chung, KH (reprint author), Univ Ulsan, Sch Mech Engn, Ulsan 44610, South Korea. EM khchung@ulsan.ac.kr RI Chung, KooHyun/O-3042-2013 OI Chung, KooHyun/0000-0002-9092-6784 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2014R1A1A2058201] FX This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2014R1A1A2058201). Specific commercial equipment, instruments, and materials that are identified in this report are listed in order to adequately describe the experimental procedure and are not intended to imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD FEB 10 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 5 BP 2974 EP 2984 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b09382 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DD8XY UT WOS:000370211400012 ER PT J AU Meseck, SL Alix, JH Swiney, KM Long, WC Wikfors, GH Foy, RJ AF Meseck, Shannon L. Alix, Jennifer H. Swiney, Katherine M. Long, W. Christopher Wikfors, Gary H. Foy, Robert J. TI Ocean Acidification Affects Hemocyte Physiology in the Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ACID-BASE-BALANCE; INTRACELLULAR PH MEASUREMENT; SHRIMP CRANGON-CRANGON; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; BLUE-CRAB; SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; CARCINUS-MAENAS; UCA-PUGILATOR AB We used flow cytometry to determine if there would be a difference in hematology, selected immune functions, and hemocyte pH (pH(i)), under two different, future ocean acidification scenarios (pH = 7.50, 7.80) compared to current conditions (pH = 8.09) for Chionoecetes bairdi, Tanner crab. Hemocytes were analyzed after adult Tanner crabs were held for two years under continuous exposure to acidified ocean water. Total counts of hemocytes did not vary among control and experimental treatments; however, there were significantly greater number of dead, circulating hemocytes in crabs held at the lowest pH treatment. Phagocytosis of fluorescent microbeads by hemocytes was greatest at the lowest pH treatment. These results suggest that hemocytes were dying, likely by apoptosis, at a rate faster than upregulated phagocytosis was able to remove moribund cells from circulation at the lowest pH. Crab hemolymph pH (pH(e)) averaged 8.09 and did not vary among pH treatments. There was no significant difference in internal pH (pHi) within hyalinocytes among pH treatments and the mean pHi (7.26) was lower than the mean pHe. In contrast, there were significant differences among treatments in pHi of the semi-granular+granular cells. Control crabs had the highest mean semi-granular+granular pHi compared to the lowest pH treatment. As physiological hemocyte functions changed from ambient conditions, interactions with the number of eggs in the second clutch, percentage of viable eggs, and calcium concentration in the adult crab shell was observed. This suggested that the energetic costs of responding to ocean acidification and maintaining defense mechanisms in Tanner crab may divert energy from other physiological processes, such as reproduction. C1 [Meseck, Shannon L.; Alix, Jennifer H.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeaster Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT USA. [Swiney, Katherine M.; Long, W. Christopher; Foy, Robert J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Kodiak L, Kodiak, AK USA. RP Meseck, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeaster Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT USA. EM Shannon.Meseck@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009; OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245; Swiney, Katherine/0000-0001-5482-2710 FU NOAA Ocean Acidification Program [AFSC001] FX The authors would like to thank the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program for funding project AFSC001. NR 119 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 9 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 2 AR e0148477 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0148477 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DD6MN UT WOS:000370038400047 PM 26859148 ER PT J AU Lee, BH Mohr, C Lopez-Hilfiker, FD Lutz, A Hallquist, M Lee, L Romer, P Cohen, RC Iyer, S Kurten, T Hu, WW Day, DA Campuzano-Jost, P Jimenez, JL Xu, L Ng, NL Guo, HY Weber, RJ Wild, RJ Brown, SS Koss, A de Gouw, J Olson, K Goldstein, AH Seco, R Kim, S McAvey, K Shepson, PB Starn, T Baumann, K Edgerton, ES Liu, JM Shilling, JE Miller, DO Brune, W Schobesberger, S D'Ambro, EL Thornton, JA AF Lee, Ben H. Mohr, Claudia Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D. Lutz, Anna Hallquist, Mattias Lee, Lance Romer, Paul Cohen, Ronald C. Iyer, Siddharth Kurten, Theo Hu, Weiwei Day, Douglas A. Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Jimenez, Jose L. Xu, Lu Ng, Nga Lee Guo, Hongyu Weber, Rodney J. Wild, Robert J. Brown, Steven S. Koss, Abigail de Gouw, Joost Olson, Kevin Goldstein, Allen H. Seco, Roger Kim, Saewung McAvey, Kevin Shepson, Paul B. Starn, Tim Baumann, Karsten Edgerton, Eric S. Liu, Jiumeng Shilling, John E. Miller, David O. Brune, William Schobesberger, Siegfried D'Ambro, Emma L. Thornton, Joel A. TI Highly functionalized organic nitrates in the southeast United States: Contribution to secondary organic aerosol and reactive nitrogen budgets SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE particulate organic nitrates; online measurement; lifetime calculation; high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer; biogenic volatile organic compound oxidation ID ALPHA-PINENE; MASS-SPECTROMETER; PHASE HYDROLYSIS; SOA FORMATION; ISOPRENE; GAS; NOX; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY; PRODUCTS AB Speciated particle-phase organic nitrates (pONs) were quantified using online chemical ionization MS during June and July of 2013 in rural Alabama as part of the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study. A large fraction of pONs is highly functionalized, possessing between six and eight oxygen atoms within each carbon number group, and is not the common first generation alkyl nitrates previously reported. Using calibrations for isoprene hydroxynitrates and the measured molecular compositions, we estimate that pONs account for 3% and 8% of total submicrometer organic aerosol mass, on average, during the day and night, respectively. Each of the isoprene-and monoterpenes-derived groups exhibited a strong diel trend consistent with the emission patterns of likely biogenic hydrocarbon precursors. An observationally constrained diel box model can replicate the observed pON assuming that pONs (i) are produced in the gas phase and rapidly establish gas-particle equilibrium and (ii) have a short particle-phase lifetime (similar to 2-4 h). Such dynamic behavior has significant implications for the production and phase partitioning of pONs, organic aerosol mass, and reactive nitrogen speciation in a forested environment. C1 [Lee, Ben H.; Mohr, Claudia; Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Thornton, Joel A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lutz, Anna; Hallquist, Mattias] Univ Gothenburg, Atmospher Sci, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lee, Lance; Romer, Paul; Cohen, Ronald C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Iyer, Siddharth; Kurten, Theo] Univ Helsinki, Phys Chem Lab, Dept Chem, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Hu, Weiwei; Day, Douglas A.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hu, Weiwei; Day, Douglas A.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Jimenez, Jose L.; Wild, Robert J.; de Gouw, Joost] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Xu, Lu; Ng, Nga Lee] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ng, Nga Lee; Guo, Hongyu; Weber, Rodney J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wild, Robert J.; Brown, Steven S.; Koss, Abigail; de Gouw, Joost; McAvey, Kevin] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Olson, Kevin; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seco, Roger; Kim, Saewung] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Phys Sci, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [McAvey, Kevin; Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McAvey, Kevin; Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McAvey, Kevin; Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Starn, Tim] W Chester Univ, Dept Chem, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Baumann, Karsten; Edgerton, Eric S.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Liu, Jiumeng; Shilling, John E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Miller, David O.; Brune, William] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [D'Ambro, Emma L.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mohr, Claudia] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Atmospher Aerosol Res, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Lee, Lance] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Olson, Kevin] Chevron Prod Co, Richmond, CA 94802 USA. RP Thornton, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM thornton@atmos.washington.edu RI Schobesberger, Siegfried/L-4454-2014; Liu, Jiumeng/K-2024-2012; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Iyer, Siddharth/C-8283-2017; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Hu, Weiwei/C-7892-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Seco, Roger/F-7124-2011; Mohr, Claudia/D-9857-2011; Kurten, Theo/G-2120-2012; Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; Lee, Ben/G-7007-2014; Shilling, John/L-6998-2015; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Kim, Saewung/E-4089-2012; Hallquist, Mattias/D-2602-2009; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Schobesberger, Siegfried/0000-0002-5777-4897; Liu, Jiumeng/0000-0001-7238-593X; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Iyer, Siddharth/0000-0001-5989-609X; D'Ambro, Emma/0000-0002-3041-9027; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Seco, Roger/0000-0002-2078-9956; Mohr, Claudia/0000-0002-3291-9295; Kurten, Theo/0000-0002-6416-4931; Lee, Ben/0000-0002-5057-2168; Shilling, John/0000-0002-3728-0195; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Hallquist, Mattias/0000-0001-5691-1231; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 FU US Department of Energy Small Business Innovation and Research Program [DE-SC0004577]; Atmospheric System Research Program [DE-SC0006867, DE-SC0011791]; National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award [ATM-0846183]; Swedish Research Council Formas Grant [214-2010-1756]; Academy of Finland; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate (NOAA); Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; NSF [AGS-1120076, AGS-1352972, 1242258, 1243354, AGS 1228496, AGS-1250569]; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR Grants [RD-83540301, R835410]; NOAA [NA13OAR4310063]; US EPA STAR Research Program [R835400]; US Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research Program; EPA STAR Grant [835407]; Southern Company; Electric Power Research Institute FX We thank all of the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) team members, in particular Annmarie G. Carlton (Rutgers University) and Steve B. Bertman (Western Michigan University). We thank Paul O. Wennberg (California Institute of Technology) for helpful suggestions on analysis. We also thank Matthieu Riva and Jason Surratt (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) for allowing us access to their sulfated ON dataset. The FIGAERO HRToF-CIMS was developed with funding from the US Department of Energy Small Business Innovation and Research Program Grant DE-SC0004577 (to J.A.T.) and Atmospheric System Research Program Grants DE-SC0006867 (to J.A.T.) and DE-SC0011791 (to J.A.T.). Its deployment at the SOAS campaign was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award ATM-0846183 (to J.A.T.). The University of Gothenburg group was supported by Swedish Research Council Formas Grant 214-2010-1756. The University of Helsinki group was supported by the Academy of Finland. Funding for B.H.L. was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate (NOAA) and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. The University of California, Berkeley group was supported by NSF Grants AGS-1120076 (to R.C.C.) and AGS-1352972 (to R.C.C.). The Georgia Institute of Technology group was supported by NSF Grant 1242258 (to R. J. Weber) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR Grants RD-83540301 (early career; to N.L.N.) and R835410 (to N.L.N.). The University of Colorado Boulder group was supported by NSF Grant AGS 1243354 (to J.L.J.) and NOAA Grant NA13OAR4310063 (to J.L.J.). The University of California, Irvine group was supported by US EPA STAR Research Program R835400 (S.K.). The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory group was supported by the US Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research Program (J.E.S.). The Purdue University group was supported by NSF Grant AGS 1228496 (to P.B.S.). The University of California, Berkeley group was supported by NSF Grant AGS-1250569 (to A.H.G.) and EPA STAR Grant 835407 (to A.H.G.). Funding for the SOAS ground site was provided by Southern Company and the Electric Power Research Institute. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 29 U2 94 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 9 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 6 BP 1516 EP 1521 DI 10.1073/pnas.1508108113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC9WG UT WOS:000369571700034 PM 26811465 ER PT J AU Queiroz, N Humphries, NE Mucientes, G Hammerschlag, N Lima, FP Scales, KL Miller, PI Sousa, LL Seabra, R Sims, DW AF Queiroz, Nuno Humphries, Nicolas E. Mucientes, Gonzalo Hammerschlag, Neil Lima, Fernando P. Scales, Kylie L. Miller, Peter I. Sousa, Lara L. Seabra, Rui Sims, David W. TI Ocean-wide tracking of pelagic sharks reveals extent of overlap with longline fishing hotspots SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE animal telemetry; distribution; conservation; fisheries; predator-prey ID NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; POPULATIONS; MOVEMENTS; BYCATCH; TAGS AB Overfishing is arguably the greatest ecological threat facing the oceans, yet catches of many highly migratory fishes including oceanic sharks remain largely unregulated with poor monitoring and data reporting. Oceanic shark conservation is hampered by basic knowledge gaps about where sharks aggregate across population ranges and precisely where they overlap with fishers. Using satellite tracking data from six shark species across the North Atlantic, we show that pelagic sharks occupy predictable habitat hotspots of high space use. Movement modeling showed sharks preferred habitats characterized by strong sea surface-temperature gradients (fronts) over other available habitats. However, simultaneous Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking of the entire Spanish and Portuguese longline-vessel fishing fleets show an 80% overlap of fished areas with hotspots, potentially increasing shark susceptibility to fishing exploitation. Regions of high overlap between oceanic tagged sharks and longliners included the North Atlantic Current/Labrador Current convergence zone and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge southwest of the Azores. In these main regions, and subareas within them, shark/vessel co-occurrence was spatially and temporally persistent between years, highlighting how broadly the fishing exploitation efficiently "tracks" oceanic sharks within their space-use hotspots year-round. Given this intense focus of longliners on shark hotspots, our study argues the need for international catch limits for pelagic sharks and identifies a future role of combining fine-scale fish and vessel telemetry to inform the ocean-scale management of fisheries. C1 [Queiroz, Nuno; Humphries, Nicolas E.; Sousa, Lara L.; Sims, David W.] The Laboratory, Marine Biol Assoc United Kingdom, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England. [Queiroz, Nuno; Mucientes, Gonzalo; Lima, Fernando P.; Sousa, Lara L.; Seabra, Rui] Univ Porto, Res Network Biodivers & Evolutionary Biol, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, Campus Agr Vairao, P-4485668 Vairao, Portugal. [Mucientes, Gonzalo] Ctr Tecnol Mar, Vigo 36208, Spain. [Hammerschlag, Neil] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Scales, Kylie L.; Miller, Peter I.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Scales, Kylie L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Scales, Kylie L.] NOAA, Environm Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Sousa, Lara L.; Sims, David W.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Seabra, Rui] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Sims, David W.] Univ Southampton, Ctr Biol Sci, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Sims, DW (reprint author), The Laboratory, Marine Biol Assoc United Kingdom, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England.; Sims, DW (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England.; Sims, DW (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Ctr Biol Sci, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM dws@mba.ac.uk RI Mucientes Sandoval, Gonzalo/A-1057-2009; Lima, Fernando/C-1398-2008; Miller, Peter/E-4525-2013; OI Mucientes Sandoval, Gonzalo/0000-0001-6650-3020; Lima, Fernando/0000-0001-9575-9834; Miller, Peter/0000-0002-5292-8789; L. Sousa, Lara/0000-0002-4392-3572; Scales, Kylie/0000-0003-0843-0956 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council Oceans Strategic Research Programme; Save Our Seas Foundation; Marine Biological Association Senior Research Fellowship; European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) via the Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (COMPETE); National Funds via Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) [PTDC/MAR/100345/2008, COMPETE FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-010580]; Project Biodiversity, Ecology and Global Change; North Portugal Regional Operational Programme under the National Strategic Reference Framework via the European Regional Development Fund [ON.2-O Novo Norte]; FCT [IF/01611/2013, IF/00043/2012, SFRH/BD/68717/2010, SFRH/BD/68521/2010]; Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund; Batchelor Foundation; West Coast Inland Navigation District in Florida FX Funding was provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Oceans 2025 Strategic Research Programme (D.W.S.), the Save Our Seas Foundation (D.W.S.), a Marine Biological Association Senior Research Fellowship (D.W.S.), European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) via the Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (COMPETE), National Funds via Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) under PTDC/MAR/100345/2008 and COMPETE FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-010580 (to N.Q. and D.W.S.), Project Biodiversity, Ecology and Global Change cofinanced by North Portugal Regional Operational Programme 2007/2013 (ON.2-O Novo Norte), under the National Strategic Reference Framework via the European Regional Development Fund (N.Q.), FCT Investigator Fellowships IF/01611/2013 (to N.Q.) and IF/00043/2012 (to F.P.L.), FCT Doctoral Fellowships SFRH/BD/68717/2010 (to L.L.S.) and SFRH/BD/68521/2010 (to R.S.) and by the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, Batchelor Foundation, and West Coast Inland Navigation District in Florida (N.H.). This research was part of the European Tracking of Predators in the Atlantic initiative. This paper is dedicated to the memory of our colleague P. Alexandrino, who supported the initial work. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 19 U2 66 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 9 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 6 BP 1582 EP 1587 DI 10.1073/pnas.1510090113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC9WG UT WOS:000369571700045 PM 26811467 ER PT J AU Pozo, R AF Pozo, Roldan TI Q-matrix: An Algebraic Formulation for the Analysis and Visual Characterization of Network Graphs SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE network measure; network science; resilience classification AB Given an undirected network, we describe a two-dimensional graphical measure based on the connected component distribution of its degree-limited subgraphs. This process yields an unambiguous visual portrait, which reveals important network properties. It can be used as a classification tool, as graphs from related application areas have striking similarities. It can also be used as an efficient algorithm to demonstrate graph non-isomorphism for large graphs with identical degree distributions. Finally, it can be used as an analysis tool to help distinguish real-world networks from their synthetic counterparts. C1 [Pozo, Roldan] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pozo, R (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM roldan.pozo@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD FEB 8 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.6028/jres.121.001 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DE7BM UT WOS:000370789000001 ER PT J AU Peterson, RW Purdy, TP Kampel, NS Andrews, RW Yu, PL Lehnert, KW Regal, CA AF Peterson, R. W. Purdy, T. P. Kampel, N. S. Andrews, R. W. Yu, P. -L. Lehnert, K. W. Regal, C. A. TI Laser Cooling of a Micromechanical Membrane to the Quantum Backaction Limit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CAVITY OPTOMECHANICS; RADIATION-PRESSURE; ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; GROUND-STATE; OSCILLATOR; RESONATOR; MICROWAVE; MOTION; NOISE; LIGHT AB The radiation pressure of light can act to damp and cool the vibrational motion of a mechanical resonator, but even if the light field has no thermal component, shot noise still sets a limit on the minimum phonon occupation. In optomechanical sideband cooling in a cavity, the finite off-resonant Stokes scattering defined by the cavity linewidth combined with shot noise fluctuations dictates a quantum backaction limit, analogous to the Doppler limit of atomic laser cooling. In our work, we sideband cool a micromechanical membrane resonator to the quantum backaction limit. Monitoring the optical sidebands allows us to directly observe the mechanical object come to thermal equilibrium with the optical bath. This level of optomechanical coupling that overwhelms the intrinsic thermal decoherence was not reached in previous ground-state cooling demonstrations. C1 [Peterson, R. W.; Purdy, T. P.; Kampel, N. S.; Andrews, R. W.; Yu, P. -L.; Lehnert, K. W.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Peterson, R. W.; Purdy, T. P.; Kampel, N. S.; Andrews, R. W.; Yu, P. -L.; Lehnert, K. W.; Regal, C. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Peterson, R. W.; Purdy, T. P.; Kampel, N. S.; Andrews, R. W.; Yu, P. -L.; Lehnert, K. W.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Purdy, T. P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yu, P. -L.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Regal, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Regal, CA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Regal, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM regal@colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Yu, Pen-Li/J-5062-2012 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; Yu, Pen-Li/0000-0002-7266-0708 FU DURIP; DARPA QuASAR program; AFOSR-MURI; AFOSR PECASE; National Science Foundation [1125844]; Clare Boothe Luce Foundation; Taiwan Ministry of Education FX This work was supported by DURIP, the DARPA QuASAR program, AFOSR-MURI, AFOSR PECASE, and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. C. A. R. thanks the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation for support. P.-L. Y. thanks the Taiwan Ministry of Education for support. We thank Antoinne Heidmann and Aurelien Kuhn for design information about free-space optical cryostats. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 11 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 8 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 6 AR 063601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.063601 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DD2EU UT WOS:000369736200003 PM 26918990 ER PT J AU Williamson, I Her, LJY Su, XL Yan, YG Wong-Ng, W Li, L AF Williamson, Izaak Her, Logan Ju-Yee Su, Xianli Yan, Yonggao Wong-Ng, Winnie Li, Lan TI Improved thermoelectric performance of (Fe,Co)Sb-3-type skutterudites from first-principles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FILLED SKUTTERUDITES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; COSB3 AB Skutterudite materials have been considered as promising thermoelectric candidates due to intrinsically good electrical conductivity and tailorable thermal conductivity. Options for improving thermal-to-electrical conversion efficiency include identifying novel materials, adding filler atoms, and substitutional dopants. Incorporating filler or substitutional dopant atoms in the skutterudite compounds can enhance phonon scattering, resulting in reduction of thermal conductivity, as well as improving electrical conductivity. The structures, electronic properties, and thermal properties of double-filled Ca0.5Ce0.5Fe4Sb12 and Co4Sb12-2xTexGex compounds (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 6) have been studied using density functional theory-based calculations. Both Ca/Ce filler atoms in FeSb3 and Te/Ge substitution in CoSb3 cause a decrease in lattice constant for the compounds. As Te/Ge substitution concentration increases, lattice constant decreases and structural distortion of pnictogen rings in the compounds occurs. This indicates a break in cubic symmetry of the structure. The presence of fillers and substitutions cause an increase in electrical conductivity and a gradual decrease in electronic band gap. A transition from direct to indirect band-gap semiconducting behavior is found at x = 3. Phonon density of states for both compounds indicate phonon band broadening by the incorporation of fillers and substitutional atoms. Both systems are also assumed to have acoustic-modedominated lattice thermal conductivity. For the Co4Sb12-2xTexGex compounds, x = 3 has the lowest phonon dispersion gradient and lattice thermal conductivity, agreeing well with experimental measurements. Our results exhibit the improvement of thermoelectric properties of skutterudite compounds through fillers and substitutional doping. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Williamson, Izaak; Li, Lan] Boise State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Her, Logan Ju-Yee] Cosumnes River Coll, Dept Sci Math & Engn, Sacramento, CA 95823 USA. [Su, Xianli; Yan, Yonggao] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Lan] Ctr Adv Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Williamson, I (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RI Su, Xianli/A-9685-2012 FU NSF EAPSI Fellowship [1414593] FX This work was partially supported by the NSF EAPSI Fellowship Grant No. 1414593. Computing facilities were provided by Boise State University's R1 cluster, and Idaho National Laboratory's high performance computing (HPC) center. The authors thank Dr. Jin Zhao at the University of Science and Technology of China for helpful discussions. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 7 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 5 AR 055101 DI 10.1063/1.4940952 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DD4NU UT WOS:000369900600021 ER PT J AU Caliga, SC Straatsma, CJE Anderson, DZ AF Caliga, Seth C. Straatsma, Cameron J. E. Anderson, Dana Z. TI Transport dynamics of ultracold atoms in a triple-well transistor-like potential SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomtronics; transistor; transport dynamics; finite temperature ID CIRCUIT AB The transport of atoms is experimentally studied in a transistor-like triple-well potential consisting of a narrow gate well surrounded by source and drain wells. Atoms are initially loaded into the source well with pre-determined temperature and chemical potential. Energetic atoms flow from the source, across the gate, and into the drain where they are removed using a resonant light beam. The manifestation of atom-atom interactions and dissipation is evidenced by a rapid population growth in the initially vacant gate well. The transport dynamics are shown to depend strongly on a feedback parameter determined by the relative heights of the two barriers forming the gate region. For a range of feedback parameter values, experiments establish that the gate atoms develop a larger chemical potential and lower temperature than those in the source. C1 [Caliga, Seth C.; Straatsma, Cameron J. E.; Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Caliga, Seth C.; Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Caliga, Seth C.; Anderson, Dana Z.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Straatsma, Cameron J. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Anderson, DZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dana@jila.colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-14-1-0327]; National Science Foundation [PHY1125844]; Charles Stark Draper Laboratories [SC001-0000000759] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-14-1-0327), the National Science Foundation (PHY1125844), and by the Charles Stark Draper Laboratories (SC001-0000000759). NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD FEB 5 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 025010 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/2/025010 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DH0HE UT WOS:000372463100004 ER PT J AU Flower, H Rains, M Lewis, D Zhang, JZ Price, R AF Flower, Hilary Rains, Mark Lewis, David Zhang, Jia-Zhong Price, Rene TI Control of phosphorus concentration through adsorption and desorption in shallow groundwater of subtropical carbonate estuary SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bicarbonates; Mangroves; Sediment dynamics; Abiotic factors; Phosphates; USA; Florida; Everglades; Taylor Slough ID FLORIDA BAY; SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS; SOUTHERN EVERGLADES; PHOSPHATE ADSORPTION; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; MANGROVE FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; WATER AB The changes in the proportion of fresh and marine water sources in coastal mixing zones can affect phosphorus (P) availability, one of the important drivers of primary productivity. This study focuses on an abiotic portion of the P cycle in the mangrove ecotone of Taylor Slough, coastal Everglades, Florida. We investigated the P sorption properties of sediment with three distinct water sources in this region: 1) fresh groundwater from the inland Everglades, 2) bicarbonate enriched groundwater from the mangrove ecotone, and 3) surface saltwater from Florida Bay. Soluble reactive P (SPR) in ecotone groundwater exhibit markedly low sorption efficiency (K-d = 0.2 L g(-1)) onto the sediment compared to fresh groundwater and Florida Bay water (11.3 L g(-1) and 3.4 L g(-1), respectively). The low SRP buffering capacity of the sediment in ecotone groundwater would maintain a higher ambient water SRP concentration in ecotone groundwater than in the other two waters. The relative sorption efficiency is consistent with the measured zero equilibrium SRP concentration being highest in ecotone groundwater (0.094 +/- 0.003 mu M) and lower in fresh groundwater and Florida Bay surface water (0.075 +/- 0.005 mu M and 0.058 +/- 0.004 mu M, respectively). The temporal variability of SRP concentration in groundwater at the ecotone field station is greater than the range of zero equilibrium SRP concentration for all three waters, so very low SRP concentration in the ambient water would induce desorption of P from the sediment. Such desorption processes would result in a higher ambient SRP concentration in ecotone groundwater than the other two water types. Our results suggest that ecotone groundwater, due to its higher bicarbonate content, would release more SRP from mangrove sediments compared to the upstream and downstream waters, as evidenced by both its lower P sorption efficiency and its higher zero equilibrium SRP concentration. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Flower, Hilary; Rains, Mark] Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Lewis, David] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, 4202 E Fowler Ave,SCA 110, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Zhang, Jia-Zhong] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Price, Rene] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Price, Rene] Florida Int Univ, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Flower, H (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM hflower@mail.usf.edu; mrains@usf.edu; davidlewis@usf.edu; jia-zhong.zhang@noaa.gov; pricer@fiu.edu RI Lewis, David/B-6313-2009; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; OI Lewis, David/0000-0002-8094-1577; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Flower, Hilary/0000-0002-1499-8321 FU National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under Cooperative Agreement [DEB-1237517, DBI-0620409, DEB-9910514] FX Laboratory and field assistance was provide by David Lagomasino, Rafael Travieso, Viviana Penuela Useche, Edward Linden, Tracess Smalley, and Nora Jade Flower. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewer for his or her valuable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of the paper. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under Cooperative Agreements #DEB-1237517, #DBI-0620409, and #DEB-9910514. This is contribution number 750 from the Southeast Environmental Research Center at Florida International University. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD FEB 5 PY 2016 VL 169 BP 238 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.10.024 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DE8KJ UT WOS:000370884600024 ER PT J AU Fischer, CF Grant, IP Gaigalas, G Rynkun, P AF Fischer, Charlotte Froese Grant, Ian P. Gaigalas, Gediminas Rynkun, Pavel TI Lifetimes of some 2s(2)2p P-2(3/2) states from variational theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BORON ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; DIPOLE TRANSITION RATES; B-LIKE; IONS; M1 AB A measured lifetime of exceptional accuracy has been reported for the 2p P-2(3/2) state of Ar13+ that is in good agreement with theory, neglecting the effect of the anomalous magnetic moment. When perturbation theory is used to estimate the effect of the latter, the discrepancy increases. In this paper, results from a fully relativistic variational calculation are presented. By using the Gordon transformation, an expression is derived for the transition matrix element. Lifetimes without and with the effect of the anomalous magnetic moment are reported, both in excellent agreement with perturbation theory. C1 [Fischer, Charlotte Froese] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grant, Ian P.] Univ Oxford, Math Inst, Andrew Wiles Bldg,Woodstock Rd, Oxford OX2 6GG, England. [Grant, Ian P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Wilberforce Rd, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Gaigalas, Gediminas; Rynkun, Pavel] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, A Gostauto 12, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Fischer, CF (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Charlotte.Fischer@nist.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 5 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 2 AR 022505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.022505 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DC6ZI UT WOS:000369367700002 ER PT J AU Sambur, JB Chen, TY Choudhary, E Chen, GQ Nissen, EJ Thomas, EM Zou, NM Chen, P AF Sambur, Justin B. Chen, Tai-Yen Choudhary, Eric Chen, Guanqun Nissen, Erin J. Thomas, Elayne M. Zou, Ningmu Chen, Peng TI Sub-particle reaction and photocurrent mapping to optimize catalyst-modified photoanodes SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-EVOLVING CATALYST; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL WATER OXIDATION; SCANNING ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-NANOPARTICLE CATALYSIS; SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES; SURFACE-STATES; TIO2; PARTICLES; PHOTOELECTROLYSIS; ELECTROCATALYSIS AB The splitting of water photoelectrochemically into hydrogen and oxygen represents a promising technology for converting solar energy to fuel(1,2). The main challenge is to ensure that photogenerated holes efficiently oxidize water, which generally requires modification of the photoanode with an oxygen evolution catalyst (OEC) to increase the photocurrent and reduce the onset potential(3). However, because excess OEC material can hinder light absorption and decrease photoanode performance(4), its deposition needs to be carefully controlled-yet it is unclear which semiconductor surface sites give optimal improvement if targeted for OEC deposition, and whether sites catalysing water oxidation also contribute to competing charge-carrier recombination with photogenerated electrons(5). Surface heterogeneity(6) exacerbates these uncertainties, especially for nanostructured photoanodes benefiting from small charge-carrier transport distances(1,7,8). Here we use super-resolution imaging(9-13), operated in a charge-carrier-selective manner and with a spatiotemporal resolution of approximately 30 nanometres and 15 milliseconds, to map both the electron-and hole-driven photoelectrocatalytic activities on single titanium oxide nanorods. We then map, with sub-particle resolution (about 390 nanometres), the photocurrent associated with water oxidation, and find that the most active sites for water oxidation are also the most important sites for charge-carrier recombination. Site-selective deposition of an OEC, guided by the activity maps, improves the overall performance of a given nanorod-even though more improvement in photocurrent efficiency correlates with less reduction in onset potential (and vice versa) at the sub-particle level. Moreover, the optimal catalyst deposition sites for photocurrent enhancement are the lower-activity sites, and for onset potential reduction the optimal sites are the sites with more positive onset potential, contrary to what is obtainable under typical deposition conditions. These findings allow us to suggest an activity-based strategy for rationally engineering catalyst-improved photoelectrodes, which should be widely applicable because our measurements can be performed for many different semiconductor and catalyst materials. C1 [Sambur, Justin B.; Chen, Tai-Yen; Choudhary, Eric; Chen, Guanqun; Zou, Ningmu; Chen, Peng] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Nissen, Erin J.] Colorado Mesa Univ, Dept Chem, Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA. [Thomas, Elayne M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Choudhary, Eric] NIST, Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM pc252@cornell.edu RI Sambur, Justin/Q-2982-2016 OI Sambur, Justin/0000-0002-8457-4946 FU Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science [DE-FG02-10ER16199]; Army Research Office [63767-CH, 65814-CH]; National Science Foundation [CBET-1263736, CHE-1137217]; REU programme [DMR-1063059]; Petroleum Research Foundation [54289-ND7]; NSF MRSEC programme [DMR-1120296]; NSF National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network [ECCS-15420819] FX The research is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science (grant number DE-FG02-10ER16199), and in part by Army Research Office (grant numbers 63767-CH and 65814-CH), National Science Foundation (grant numbers CBET-1263736 and CHE-1137217 (to J.B.S.), and REU programme DMR-1063059 (to E.J.N. and E.M.T.)), and the Petroleum Research Foundation (grant number 54289-ND7). This work used the Cornell Center for Materials Research Shared Facilities, an NSF MRSEC programme (grant number DMR-1120296), and the Cornell NanoScale Facility, a member of the NSF National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (grant number ECCS-15420819). We thank D. Hill of the Cahoon Group at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for the finite-difference frequency-domain simulations presented in Supplementary Fig. 24. We also thank J. McKone, S. Maldonado, B. A. Parkinson, H. D. Abruna and A. J. Nozik for discussions, J. Colson and W. Dichtel for X-ray diffraction measurements, J. Grazul for electron microscopy and H. D. Abruna for electrochemical instrumentation. NR 70 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 71 U2 246 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 4 PY 2016 VL 530 IS 7588 BP 77 EP + DI 10.1038/nature16534 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC6BK UT WOS:000369304500035 PM 26842056 ER PT J AU Berejikian, BA Moore, ME Jeffries, SJ AF Berejikian, B. A. Moore, M. E. Jeffries, S. J. TI Predator-prey interactions between harbor seals and migrating steelhead trout smolts revealed by acoustic telemetry SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Top-down; Ecosystem shift; Salmonid survival; Pinniped; Migration behavior ID PUGET-SOUND; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; JUVENILE STEELHEAD; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; AVIAN PREDATION; SURVIVAL; RIVER; FISH; WASHINGTON; PATTERNS AB Changes in the Puget Sound ecosystem over the past 3 decades include increases in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) abundance and declines in many of their preferred prey species. Harbor seals were outfitted with acoustic telemetry receivers and GPS tags to investigate spatial and temporal interactions with steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss smolts implanted with acoustic transmitters. A total of 6846 tag detections from 44 different steelhead trout smolts (from an initial group of 246 smolts released into 2 rivers) were recorded by the 11 recovered sealmounted receivers. Central Puget Sound seal receivers detected a greater proportion of smolts surviving to the vicinity of the haul-out locations (29 of 51; 58%) than Admiralty Inlet seal receivers (7 of 50; 14%; p < 0.001). Detection data suggest that none of the tagged smolts were consumed by the 11 monitored seals. Nine smolts were likely consumed by non-tagged harbor seals based partly on detections of stationary tags at the seal capture haul-outs, although tag deposition by other predators cannot be ruled out. Smolts implanted with continuously pinging tags and smolts implanted with tags that were silent for the first 10 d after release were detected in similar proportions leaving Puget Sound (95% CI for the difference between proportions: -0.105 to 0.077) and stationary at harbor seal haul-outs (95% CI: -0.073 to 0.080). This study suggests that harbor seals contribute to mortality of migrating steelhead smolts, and we hypothesize that documented changes in the Puget Sound ecosystem may currently put steelhead smolts at greater risk of predation by harbor seals and possibly other predators. C1 [Berejikian, B. A.; Moore, M. E.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7305 Beach Dr East, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Jeffries, S. J.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way North, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7305 Beach Dr East, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov FU Washington State; NOAA Fisheries FX We greatly appreciate the efforts of Chris Frazier, Devin West, Lars Swartling, Justin Miller, Matt Pollack, Bob Green, Pete Topping, Joe Anderson and Matt Klungle (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife), Shaun Hildebrant and Curtis Nelson (Muckleshoot Tribe) in coordinating and executing the collection of steelhead smolts from the Green and Nisqually Rivers. We thank Dyanna Lambourn, Bryan Murphie, Josh Oliver, Erin D'Agnese, Nina Hall and Jeff Harris (WDFW) for assisting with seal captures and application and recovery of instrument packs. Rob Endicott (NOAA) configured receivers and constructed fish holding facilities. Sean Hayes (NOAA) and John Payne provided VMT receivers and valuable input in preparation for the study. Scott Pearson and Illai Keren, Joe Anderson, Matt Klungle from WDFW, and Tom Flagg (NOAA) provided insightful comments that improved the manuscript. Kintama Research (Nanaimo, BC) deployed the NAR, CPS and ADM VR3 receivers. This is Publication Number 3 from the Salish Sea Marine Survival Project: an international, collaborative research effort designed to determine the primary factors affecting the survival of juvenile chinook salmon, coho salmon and steelhead in the combined marine waters of Puget Sound and Strait of Georgia (marinesurvivalproject.com). Funding was provided by Washington State, NOAA Fisheries, and other in-kind contributions. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD FEB 3 PY 2016 VL 543 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.3354/meps11579 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DD8LN UT WOS:000370178100002 ER PT J AU Jensen, MP Bell, I Limpus, CJ Hamann, M Ambar, S Whap, T David, C FitzSimmons, NN AF Jensen, Michael P. Bell, Ian Limpus, Colin J. Hamann, Mark Ambar, Stephen Whap, Terrence David, Charles FitzSimmons, Nancy N. TI Spatial and temporal genetic variation among size classes of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) provides information on oceanic dispersal and population dynamics SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Mixed stock analysis; Migration; Management; Mitochondrial DNA; Genetics ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; MARINE TURTLES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORAL SEA; MIXED STOCKS; GROWTH; AUSTRALIA; PACIFIC AB Migratory marine species present challenges for conservation because of complex threats within their pelagic dispersal zones, including coastal foraging areas and extensive migration pathways, or at breeding grounds. To better understand the connectivity between green turtle rookeries and foraging populations, we sequenced the mtDNA control region of 987 turtles from 6 major foraging grounds on a similar to 2300 km longitudinal transect off eastern Australia, and used mixed stock analysis (MSA) to estimate their natal origins. We investigated variation in natal origins within different size classes and over spatial and temporal scales and compared this to approximately 30 yr of mark-recapture data. For adult turtles, we found that the northern Great Barrier Reef (nGBR) genetic stock dominated in the northern feeding grounds while the southern Great Barrier Reef (sGBR) and Coral Sea stocks dominated in the south, with a changeover of dominating stock occurring between 14 degrees and 20 degrees S. However, at the 3 most northern feeding grounds, we found an unexpected decrease (17-30%) in the proportion of nGBR turtles among small immature turtles relative to large immatures and adults. Four possible hypotheses were explored, with the 2 most plausible being that (1) small immature turtles from the sGBR and other rookeries first settle in nGBR feeding grounds, but later shift to other feeding grounds as they mature, or (2) a reduced hatching success for decades from the main nGBR rookery at Raine Island has resulted in reduced recruitment into the nGBR feeding ground from this stock. These results may indicate an alarming reduction in hatching success at the largest known green turtle rookery in the world. C1 [Jensen, Michael P.; FitzSimmons, Nancy N.] Univ Canberra, Inst Appl Ecol, Fac Sci Appl, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Bell, Ian] Queensland Dept Environm & Heritage Protect, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Limpus, Colin J.] Dept Environm & Heritage Protect, Threatened Species Unit, POB 2454, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Hamann, Mark] James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Ambar, Stephen] Hammond Isl Commun, Torres Strait, Qld 4801, Australia. [Whap, Terrence] Mabuiag Isl, Torres Strait, Qld 4575, Australia. [David, Charles] Iama Isl, Torres Strait, Qld 4875, Australia. [Jensen, Michael P.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [FitzSimmons, Nancy N.] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. RP Jensen, MP (reprint author), Univ Canberra, Inst Appl Ecol, Fac Sci Appl, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.; Jensen, MP (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM michael.jensen@noaa.gov OI Hamann, Mark/0000-0003-4588-7955 FU Australian Government's Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility; Torres Strait Regional Authority Turtle and Dugong Project; Australian Research Council; Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority; DERM; Queensland Turtle Research Project [G03/9866.1] FX The Torres Strait samples were collected as part of a project funded by the Australian Government's Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility and the Torres Strait Regional Authority Turtle and Dugong Project. We thank the community councils of Hammond and Iama Islands, the Mabuiag Ranger group and the Kaurareg Aboriginal Council. In addition, turtle and dugong officers from several Torres Strait islands assisted in the data collection. Staff, particularly Duncan Limpus, and numerous volunteers of the DERM Queensland Turtle Conservation Project provided assistance in the capture and genetic sampling of turtles within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and the Moreton Bay Marine Park. We also thank Erin LaCasella and Tomoharu Eguchi for valuable comments on the manuscript. These feeding ground studies were funded in part by grants from the Australian Research Council, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and by DERM. Samples were collected under Queensland Turtle Research Project permit number G03/9866.1. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 16 U2 37 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD FEB 3 PY 2016 VL 543 BP 241 EP 256 DI 10.3354/meps11521 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DD8LN UT WOS:000370178100017 ER PT J AU Hare, JA Morrison, WE Nelson, MW Stachura, MM Teeters, EJ Griffis, RB Alexander, MA Scott, JD Alade, L Bell, RJ Chute, AS Curti, KL Curtis, TH Kircheis, D Kocik, JF Lucey, SM McCandless, CT Milke, LM Richardson, DE Robillard, E Walsh, HJ McManus, MC Marancik, KE Griswold, CA AF Hare, Jonathan A. Morrison, Wendy E. Nelson, Mark W. Stachura, Megan M. Teeters, Eric J. Griffis, Roger B. Alexander, Michael A. Scott, James D. Alade, Larry Bell, Richard J. Chute, Antonie S. Curti, Kiersten L. Curtis, Tobey H. Kircheis, Daniel Kocik, John F. Lucey, Sean M. McCandless, Camilla T. Milke, Lisa M. Richardson, David E. Robillard, Eric Walsh, Harvey J. McManus, M. Conor Marancik, Katrin E. Griswold, Carolyn A. TI A Vulnerability Assessment of Fish and Invertebrates to Climate Change on the Northeast US Continental Shelf SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; MARINE FISH; THERMAL TOLERANCE; AMERICAN SHAD; RANGE SHIFTS; EAST-COAST; FISHERIES; ATLANTIC AB Climate change and decadal variability are impacting marine fish and invertebrate species worldwide and these impacts will continue for the foreseeable future. Quantitative approaches have been developed to examine climate impacts on productivity, abundance, and distribution of various marine fish and invertebrate species. However, it is difficult to apply these approaches to large numbers of species owing to the lack of mechanistic understanding sufficient for quantitative analyses, as well as the lack of scientific infrastructure to support these more detailed studies. Vulnerability assessments provide a framework for evaluating climate impacts over a broad range of species with existing information. These methods combine the exposure of a species to a stressor (climate change and decadal variability) and the sensitivity of species to the stressor. These two components are then combined to estimate an overall vulnerability. Quantitative data are used when available, but qualitative information and expert opinion are used when quantitative data is lacking. Here we conduct a climate vulnerability assessment on 82 fish and invertebrate species in the Northeast U.S. Shelf including exploited, forage, and protected species. We define climate vulnerability as the extent to which abundance or productivity of a species in the region could be impacted by climate change and decadal variability. We find that the overall climate vulnerability is high to very high for approximately half the species assessed; diadromous and benthic invertebrate species exhibit the greatest vulnerability. In addition, the majority of species included in the assessment have a high potential for a change in distribution in response to projected changes in climate. Negative effects of climate change are expected for approximately half of the species assessed, but some species are expected to be positively affected (e.g., increase in productivity or move into the region). These results will inform research and management activities related to understanding and adapting marine fisheries management and conservation to climate change and decadal variability. C1 [Hare, Jonathan A.; Bell, Richard J.; McCandless, Camilla T.; Richardson, David E.; Walsh, Harvey J.; Griswold, Carolyn A.] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02818 USA. [Morrison, Wendy E.; Nelson, Mark W.; Teeters, Eric J.] NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, NMFS, Off Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Stachura, Megan M.] NOAA, NMFS, Off Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Griffis, Roger B.] NOAA, NMFS, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.; Scott, James D.] NOAA, OAR, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Alade, Larry; Chute, Antonie S.; Curti, Kiersten L.; Lucey, Sean M.; Robillard, Eric] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Curtis, Tobey H.] NOAA, NMFS, Greater Atlantic Reg Fisheries Off, 55 Great Republic Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Kircheis, Daniel; Kocik, John F.] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, 17 Godfrey Dr,Suite 1, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Milke, Lisa M.] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [McManus, M. Conor; Marancik, Katrin E.] NOAA, Integrated Stat, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr,Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02818 USA. [Stachura, Megan M.] NOAA, ECS Fed Inc, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bell, Richard J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Nat Conservancy, Bay Campus, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [McManus, M. Conor] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, 215 S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Hare, JA (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02818 USA. EM jon.hare@noaa.gov RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NMFS Office of Science and Technology; NOAA NMFS Office of Sustainable Fisheries; NOAA OAR Earth System Laboratory; NOAA NMFS Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office; NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; NOAA NMFS Office of Science and Technology FX Funding for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NMFS Office of Science and Technology, NOAA NMFS Office of Sustainable Fisheries, NOAA OAR Earth System Laboratory, NOAA NMFS Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office, NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, and the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; Funding for this project was provided by the NOAA NMFS Office of Science and Technology, NOAA NMFS Office of Sustainable Fisheries, NOAA OAR Earth System Laboratory, NOAA NMFS Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office, NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, and the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program. We thank Antonietta Capotondi, Vince Saba, and Charles Stock for contributing to the description of projected changes in ocean currents in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. We thank Mike Johnson for contributing to the description of projected sea level rise in the region. We thank Richard Balouskus, Diane Borggaard, Edith Carson, Sarah Laporte, Lynn Lankshear, Jessica Pruden, Rory Saunders, and Tara Trinko Lake for completing species profiles in preparation for the assessment. We thank Kim Hare for formatting references here and in the Supplemental Material and we thank Kris Gamble for help with the figures. Finally, we thank Diane Borggaard and Kimberly Damon-Randall for the encouragement and support throughout the project (before the beginning to the end). We also thank Ken Drinkwater, Jeff Hutchings, and Nick Caputi for their thoughtful and constructive advice during a Council of Independent Experts review of the Climate Vulnerability Assessment Methodology and this Northeast fisheries climate vulnerability assessment. Acknowledgment of the above individuals does not imply their endorsement of this work; the authors have sole responsibility for the content of this contribution. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 106 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 16 U2 43 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 3 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 2 AR e0146756 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0146756 PG 30 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC9OF UT WOS:000369550200013 PM 26839967 ER PT J AU Gaudet, J Ross, KA Kermarrec, E Butch, NP Ehlers, G Dabkowska, HA Gaulin, BD AF Gaudet, J. Ross, K. A. Kermarrec, E. Butch, N. P. Ehlers, G. Dabkowska, H. A. Gaulin, B. D. TI Gapless quantum excitations from an icelike splayed ferromagnetic ground state in stoichiometric Yb2Ti2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EARTH TITANATE PYROCHLORES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; VISUALIZATION; TRANSITION AB The ground state of the quantum spin ice candidate magnet Yb2Ti2O7 is known to be sensitive to weak disorder at the similar to 1% level which occurs in single crystals grown from the melt. Powders produced by solid state synthesis tend to be stoichiometric and display large and sharp heat capacity anomalies at relatively high temperatures, T-C similar to 0.26 K. We have carried out neutron elastic and inelastic measurements on well characterized and equilibrated stoichiometric powder samples of Yb2Ti2O7 which show resolution-limited Bragg peaks to appear at low temperatures, but whose onset correlates with temperatures much higher than T-C. The corresponding magnetic structure is best described as an icelike splayed ferromagnet. The spin dynamics in Yb2Ti2O7 are shown to be gapless on an energy scale <0.09 meV at all temperatures and organized into a continuum of scattering with vestiges of highly overdamped ferromagnetic spin waves present. These excitations differ greatly from conventional spin waves predicted for Yb2Ti2O7's mean field ordered state, but appear robust to weak disorder as they are largely consistent with those displayed by nonstoichiometric crushed single crystals and single crystals, as well as by powder samples of Yb2Ti2O7's sister quantum magnet Yb2Sn2O7. C1 [Gaudet, J.; Kermarrec, E.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.; Butch, N. P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ehlers, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Mat Res, 180 Dundas St West, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Ross, K. A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gaudet, J (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI Instrument, CNCS/B-4599-2012; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; OI Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; Kermarrec, Edwin/0000-0002-3467-5482 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR-094472]; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX We wish to thank Jan Kycia for collaborations and discussion related to heat capacity measurements. We thank C. Wiebe and H. Zhou formaking their data available to this work. The neutron scattering data were reduced using Mantid [38] and analyzed using DAVE software package [39]. Research using ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The NIST Center for Neutron Research is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-094472. Work at McMaster University was supported by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 3 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 6 AR 064406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.064406 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DC7KB UT WOS:000369397600004 ER PT J AU Zou, A Chanana, A Agrawal, A Wayner, PC Maroo, SC AF Zou, An Chanana, Ashish Agrawal, Amit Wayner, Peter C., Jr. Maroo, Shalabh C. TI Steady State Vapor Bubble in Pool Boiling SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RECEDING CONTACT ANGLES; HEAT-TRANSFER; INFRARED THERMOMETRY; EVAPORATING MENISCUS; SOLID-SURFACES; NUCLEATE; MICROLAYER; MODEL; GROWTH; WATER AB Boiling, a dynamic and multiscale process, has been studied for several decades; however, a comprehensive understanding of the process is still lacking. The bubble ebullition cycle, which occurs over millisecond time-span, makes it extremely challenging to study near-surface interfacial characteristics of a single bubble. Here, we create a steady-state vapor bubble that can remain stable for hours in a pool of sub-cooled water using a femtosecond laser source. The stability of the bubble allows us to measure the contact-angle and perform in-situ imaging of the contact-line region and the microlayer, on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces and in both degassed and regular (with dissolved air) water. The early growth stage of vapor bubble in degassed water shows a completely wetted bubble base with the microlayer, and the bubble does not depart from the surface due to reduced liquid pressure in the microlayer. Using experimental data and numerical simulations, we obtain permissible range of maximum heat transfer coefficient possible in nucleate boiling and the width of the evaporating layer in the contact-line region. This technique of creating and measuring fundamental characteristics of a stable vapor bubble will facilitate rational design of nanostructures for boiling enhancement and advance thermal management in electronics. C1 [Zou, An; Maroo, Shalabh C.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Chanana, Ashish] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Agrawal, Amit] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agrawal, Amit] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wayner, Peter C., Jr.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Maroo, SC (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM scmaroo@syr.edu OI Zou, An/0000-0003-3780-411X FU National Science Foundation [1445946, ECCS-15420819]; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1445946. This work was performed in part at the Cornell NanoScale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant ECCS-15420819). A. A. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award#70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 3 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 20240 DI 10.1038/srep20240 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DD2WO UT WOS:000369783100001 PM 26837464 ER PT J AU You, L Ahn, JJ Obeng, YS Kopanski, JJ AF You, Lin Ahn, Jung-Joon Obeng, Yaw S. Kopanski, Joseph J. TI Subsurface imaging of metal lines embedded in a dielectric with a scanning microwave microscope SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE nanotechnology; sub-surface imaging; scanning microwave microscopy; atomic force microscopy; interface/surface; non-destructive; back end of line ID RESOLUTION; RELIABILITY AB We demonstrate the ability of the scanning microwave microscope (SMM) to detect subsurface metal lines embedded in a dielectric film with sub-micrometer resolution. The SMM was used to image 1.2 mu m-wide Al-Si-Cu metal lines encapsulated with either 800 nm or 2300 nm of plasma deposited silicon dioxide. Both the reflected microwave (S-11) amplitude and phase shifted near resonance frequency while the tip scanned across these buried lines. The shallower line edge could be resolved within 900 nm +/- 70 nm, while the deeper line was resolved within 1200 nm +/- 260 nm. The spatial resolution obtained in this work is substantially better that the 50 mu m previously reported in the literature. Our observations agree very well with the calculated change in peak frequency and phase using a simple lumped element model for an SMM with a resonant transmission line. By conducting experiments at various eigenmodes, different contrast levels and signal-to-noise ratios have been compared. With detailed sensitivity studies, centered around 9.3 GHz, it has been revealed that the highest amplitude contrast is obtained when the probe microwave frequency matches the exact resonance frequency of the experimental setup. By RLC equivalent circuit modeling of the tip-sample system, two competing effects have been identified to account for the positive and negative S-11 amplitude and phase contrasts, which can be leveraged to further improve the contrast and resolution. C1 [You, Lin; Ahn, Jung-Joon; Obeng, Yaw S.; Kopanski, Joseph J.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP You, L (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lin.you@nist.gov; joseph.kopanski@nist.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD FEB 3 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 4 AR 045502 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/49/4/045502 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DA8ZT UT WOS:000368096500032 ER PT J AU Murphy, TA Wade, RA Carcione, BC AF Murphy, Todd A. Wade, Ryan A. Carcione, Brian C. TI Observations and Operational Considerations of the 4 June 2013 Chaff Event in Northern Alabama SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMPROVED MOMENT ESTIMATION; DOPPLER SPECTRA; RADAR AB On 4 June 2013, a military chaff release occurred near Huntsville, Alabama, within the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) mesoscale network. This event was unusual because the chaff remained in the atmosphere-maintaining a radar echo on nearby weather radars-for nearly 10 h after the initial release. This paper examines the radar evolution of the chaff event, supplemented by environmental observations using the UAH profiling equipment. Additionally, unique operational considerations faced by the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Huntsville are addressed. C1 [Murphy, Todd A.] Univ Louisiana Monroe, 700 Univ Ave, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. [Wade, Ryan A.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Carcione, Brian C.] Natl Weather Serv, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Murphy, TA (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Monroe, 700 Univ Ave, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. EM murphy@ulm.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL WEATHER ASSOC PI NORMAN PA 350 DAVID L BOREN BLVD, STE 2750, NORMAN, OK USA SN 2325-6184 J9 J OPER METEOROL JI J. Oper. Meteorol. PD FEB 2 PY 2016 VL 4 IS 3 BP 34 EP 45 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH6MO UT WOS:000372905000001 ER PT J AU McIntyre, JK Edmunds, RC Redig, MG Mudrock, EM Davis, JW Incardona, JP Stark, JD Scholz, NL AF McIntyre, Jenifer K. Edmunds, Richard C. Redig, Maria G. Mudrock, Emma M. Davis, Jay W. Incardona, John P. Stark, John D. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Confirmation of Stormwater Bioretention Treatment Effectiveness Using Molecular Indicators of Cardiovascular Toxicity in Developing Fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; MYOSIN HEAVY-CHAIN; CRUDE-OIL; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; SOIL BIORETENTION; DEVELOPING HEARTS; CARDIAC TOXICITY; EXXON-VALDEZ; ZEBRAFISH AB Urban stormwater runoff is a globally significant threat to the ecological integrity of aquatic habitats. Green stormwater infrastructure methods such as bioretention are increasingly used to improve water quality by filtering chemical contaminants that may be harmful to fish and other species. Ubiquitous examples of toxics in runoff from highways and other impervious surfaces include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Certain PAHs are known to cause functional and structural defects in developing fish hearts. Therefore, abnormal heart development in fish can be a sensitive measure of clean water technology effectiveness. Here we use the zebrafish experimental model to assess the effects of untreated runoff on the expression of genes that are classically responsive to contaminant exposures, as well as heart -related genes that may underpin the familiar cardiotoxicity phenotype. Further, we assess the effectiveness of soil bioretention for treating runoff, as measured by prevention of both visible cardiac toxicity and corresponding gene regulation. We find that contaminants in the dissolved phase of runoff (e.g., PAHs) are cardiotoxic and that soil bioretention protects against these harmful effects. Molecular markers were more sensitive than visible toxicity indicators, and several cardiac -related genes show promise as, novel tools for evaluating the effectiveness of evolving stormwater mitigation strategies. C1 [McIntyre, Jenifer K.; Mudrock, Emma M.; Stark, John D.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 West Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Edmunds, Richard C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Res Associateship Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Redig, Maria G.] Evergreen State Coll, 2700 Pkwy NW, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. [Davis, Jay W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr SE, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP McIntyre, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 West Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM jen.mcintyre@wsu.edu OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 [DW-14-95791701-1]; Washington Sea Grant (NOAA) [NA14OAR4170078]; National Ocean Service (Coastal Storms Program); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Environmental Contaminants Program) FX This project was funded with grants from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 (DW-14-95791701-1) and Washington Sea Grant (NOAA Award No. NA14OAR4170078), with additional support from the National Ocean Service (Coastal Storms Program) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Environmental Contaminants Program). Findings and conclusions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the sponsoring agencies. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 2 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1561 EP 1569 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b04786 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC8LO UT WOS:000369471300056 PM 26727247 ER PT J AU McIntyre, JK Edmunds, RC Anulacion, BF Davis, JW Incardona, JP Stark, JD Scholz, NL AF McIntyre, Jenifer K. Edmunds, Richard C. Anulacion, Bernadita F. Davis, Jay W. Incardona, John P. Stark, John D. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Severe Coal Tar Sealcoat Runoff Toxicity to Fish Is Prevented by Bioretention Filtration SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CELL-LINE; SOIL BIORETENTION; DEVELOPING HEARTS; CARDIAC TOXICITY; IN-VIVO; PAHS; OIL AB Coal tar sealcoats applied to asphalt surfaces in North America, east of the Continental Divide, are enriched in petroleum-derived compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The release of PAHs and other chemicals from sealcoat has the potential to contaminate nearby water bodies, reducing the resiliency of aquatic communities. Despite this, relatively little is known about the aquatic toxicology of sealcoat-derived contaminants. We assessed the impacts of stormwater runoff from sealcoated asphalt on juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and embryo-larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). We furthermore evaluated the effectiveness of bioretention as a green stormwater method to remove PAHs and reduce lethal and sublethal toxicity in both species. We applied a coal tar sealcoat to conventional asphalt and collected runoff from simulated rainfall events up to 7 months postapplication. Whereas sealcoat runoff was more acutely lethal to salmon, a spectrum of cardiovascular abnormalities was consistently evident in early life stage zebrafish. Soil bioretention effectively reduced PAH concentrations by an order of magnitude, prevented mortality in juvenile salmon, and significantly reduced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish. Our findings show that inexpensive bioretention methods can markedly improve stormwater quality and protect fish health. C1 [McIntyre, Jenifer K.; Stark, John D.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Edmunds, Richard C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Res Council Associates Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Anulacion, Bernadita F.; Incardona, John P.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Davis, Jay W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr SE, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP McIntyre, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM jen.mcintyre@wsu.edu OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 [DW-14-95791701-1]; Washington Sea Grant (NOAA) [NA14OAR4170078]; National Ocean Service (Coastal Storms Program); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Environmental Contaminants Program) FX This project was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 (DW-14-95791701-1) and Washington Sea Grant (NOAA Award No. NA14OAR4170078), with additional support from the National Ocean Service (Coastal Storms Program) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Environmental Contaminants Program). The findings and conclusions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the sponsoring agencies. Peter Van Metre and Barbara Mahler (USGS) provided helpful suggestions during project planning. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 13 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 2 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1570 EP 1578 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b04928 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC8LO UT WOS:000369471300057 PM 26654684 ER PT J AU Norcia, MA Thompson, JK AF Norcia, Matthew A. Thompson, James K. TI Strong coupling on a forbidden transition in strontium and nondestructive atom counting SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCKS; STANDARD QUANTUM LIMIT; BACK-ACTION; CAVITY; PHOTON; STATE; SPECTROSCOPY; LINEWIDTH; METROLOGY; LOGIC AB We observe strong collective coupling between an optical cavity and the forbidden spin singlet to triplet optical transition S-1(0) to P-3(1) in an ensemble of Sr-88. Despite the transition being 1000 times weaker than a typical dipole transition, we observe a well-resolved vacuum Rabi splitting. We use the observed vacuum Rabi splitting to make nondestructive measurements of atomic population with the equivalent of projection-noise limited sensitivity between subsequent measurements and with minimal heating [< 0.01 (photon recoils)/atom]. This technique may be used to enhance the performance of optical lattice clocks by generating entangled states and reducing dead time. C1 [Norcia, Matthew A.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Norcia, MA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matthew.norcia@colorado.edu FU DARPA QuASAR; ARO; NSF PFC; NIST; National Science Foundation [1125844] FX The authors acknowledge Karl H. Mayer and Matthew N. Winchester for contributions to the experimental apparatus, as well as Jun Ye, Travis Nicholson, and Sara Campbell for strontium advice, and Wei Zhang for providing reference light. All authors acknowledge financial support from DARPA QuASAR, ARO, NSF PFC, and NIST. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 2 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 2 AR 023804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.023804 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DC6YB UT WOS:000369364400009 ER PT J AU Drexler, ES McColskey, JD Dvorak, M Rustagi, N Lauria, DS Slifka, AJ AF Drexler, E. S. McColskey, J. D. Dvorak, M. Rustagi, N. Lauria, D. S. Slifka, A. J. TI Apparatus for Accelerating Measurements of Environmentally Assisted Fatigue Crack Growth at Low Frequency SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Multi-specimen apparatus; Fatigue; Low frequency ID STEEL AB Testing the fatigue crack growth of materials at low frequencies and realistic stress intensity factors has historically demanded a large investment in time. Running a test at a frequency less than 1 Hz can take weeks, and if meaningful statistics are needed, 2-3 months might be necessary to provide one set of data on the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR). A means of reducing that time frame by testing as many as 10 specimens simultaneously is presented. With this innovative design, compact tension specimens are run in series and according to ASTM Standard E647. Furthermore, there is no need to interrupt the fatigue testing of the linked specimens should one or more finish before the others. Specimens tested in this fashion generate consistent data of FCGR. C1 [Drexler, E. S.; McColskey, J. D.; Dvorak, M.; Rustagi, N.; Lauria, D. S.; Slifka, A. J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Drexler, ES (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM drexler@boulder.nist.gov FU US Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [DTPH56-09-T-00005] FX The authors acknowledge the US Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Contract Number: DTPH56-09-T-00005, for their financial support. We thank James Merritt of the DOT/PHMSA for his advice and support. The authors also thank K.R. Eason, P.G. Keefe, A.E. Stevenson, R.T. Condon, and D. Greer for their contributions to this work. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0732-8818 EI 1747-1567 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 40 IS 1 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1007/s40799-016-0045-5 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA DX9YE UT WOS:000384752200043 ER PT J AU Goshima, H Forney-Stevens, KM Liu, M Qian, KK Tyagi, M Cicerone, MT Pikal, MJ AF Goshima, Hiroshika Forney-Stevens, Kelly M. Liu, Ming Qian, Ken K. Tyagi, Madhusudan Cicerone, Marcus T. Pikal, Michael J. TI Addition of Monovalent Electrolytes to Improve Storage Stability of Freeze-Dried Protein Formulations SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE protein formulation; stability; freeze drying; lyophilization; glass dynamics; mobility; free volume; PALS; mean square displacement; neutron scattering ID ANNIHILATION LIFETIME SPECTROSCOPY; PRESSURE-VOLUME-TEMPERATURE; POSITRON LIFETIME; AMORPHOUS PHARMACEUTICALS; ENTHALPY RELAXATION; MOLECULAR MOBILITY; CHEMICAL-STABILITY; THERMAL-TREATMENT; PVT EXPERIMENTS; SUCROSE LEVEL AB This study investigates the effect of low levels of electrolytes on storage stability in freeze-dried sucrose-based protein formulations. Both bovine serum albumin and recombinant human serum albumin were freeze dried with sucrose and alkali halides (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl) at selected low levels. All formulations were stored at 50 degrees C and 65 degrees C up to 2 months and then assayed for protein aggregation. The data demonstrate that low levels of LiCl and NaCl enhance stability. No obvious correlations with either protein secondary structure or global dynamics (structural relaxation time) were found. However, good correlations were found between stability and both free-volume hole size via positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and fast dynamics by neutron scattering. Volume changes on mixing and the partial molal volume of salt were also studied in an effort to detect decreases in free volume. These data did not support the hypothesis that reduction in free volume was the primary mechanism for salt-induced stabilization. Finally, a positive effect of postlyophilization annealing on stability was demonstrated. In summary, we find that small amounts of LiCl and NaCl significantly stabilize these proteins, which is a result at variance with conventional formulation wisdom. (C) 2016 American Pharmacists Association (R). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Goshima, Hiroshika; Forney-Stevens, Kelly M.; Pikal, Michael J.] Univ Connecticut, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Liu, Ming] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Qian, Ken K.; Tyagi, Madhusudan; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pikal, MJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM michael.pikal@uconn.edu FU NIH/NIBIB [R01 EB006398-01A1]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The authors acknowledge partial support from NIH/NIBIB under grant R01 EB006398-01A1. The authors are grateful to Dr. Jack Gromek at the Institute of Materials Science (IMS) at University of Connecticut for using PXRD and also would like to express appreciation to Dr. Norman Chieng and Dr. Puneet Sharma for discussions. This work used facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Certain trade names and company products are identified in this article to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or does it imply that the instruments, materials, or suppliers identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3549 EI 1520-6017 J9 J PHARM SCI-US JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 105 IS 2 BP 530 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.004 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA DT8TQ UT WOS:000381768500017 PM 26869416 ER PT J AU Wiebe, PH Harris, R Gislason, A Margonski, P Skjoldal, HR Benfield, M Hay, S O'Brien, T Valdes, L AF Wiebe, Peter H. Harris, Roger Gislason, Astthor Margonski, Piotr Skjoldal, Hein Rune Benfield, Mark Hay, Steve O'Brien, Todd Valdes, Luis TI The ICES Working Group on Zooplankton Ecology: Accomplishments of the first 25 years SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID MARINE ZOOPLANKTON; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ABUNDANCE; CALANUS; GROWTH; OPC AB The ICES Study Group on Zooplankton Ecology was created in 1991 to address issues of current and future concern within the field of zooplankton ecology. Within three years it became the ICES Working Group on Zooplankton Ecology (ICES WGZE) and this unique group in the worlds oceanographic community has now been active for 25 years. This article reviews and synthesizes the products, and major accomplishments of the group. Achievements of the group, including the Zooplankton Methodology Manual, the Zooplankton Status Reports, and the International Zooplankton Symposia, have had an important impact on the wider field. Among the future issues that remain to be addressed by the group are the assessment of exploratory fisheries on zooplankton and micronekton species; further development of the zooplankton time-series; compilation and integration of allometric relationships for zooplankton species, and evaluation of new methodologies for the study of zooplankton distribution, abundance, physiology, and genetics. Marine science is an increasingly global undertaking and groups such as the ICES WGZE will continue to be essential to the advancement of understanding of zooplankton community structure and population dynamics in the worlds oceans. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wiebe, Peter H.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Harris, Roger] Plymouth Marine Lab, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Gislason, Astthor] Marine Res Inst, POB 1390,Sklugata 4, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Margonski, Piotr] Natl Marine Fisheries Res Inst, Dept Fisheries Oceanog & Marine Ecol, Ul Kollataja 91, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland. [Skjoldal, Hein Rune] Inst Marine Res, POB 1870, N-5017 Bergen, Norway. [Benfield, Mark] Louisiana State Univ, Coll Coast &Environment, 2271 Energy,Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hay, Steve] Marine Scotland Sci, 375 Victoria Rd, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland. [O'Brien, Todd] NOAA, NMFS Sci & Technol, Marine Ecosyst Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Valdes, Luis] UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss, Head Ocean Sci Sect, 1 Rue Miollis, F-75015 Paris, France. RP Wiebe, PH (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM pwiebe@whoi.edu OI Margonski, Piotr/0000-0002-8767-1880 FU ICES FX We thank ICES for supporting the group's existence during the past 25 years and for providing support for symposia, and symposium volumes. We thank the ICES Delegates for funding the travel for the ICES members they appointed to attend the meetings. We thank all of the individuals who have attended the WGZE meetings over the years (a full list of attendees is provided in Appendix B) and provided important input both at the meetings and by their intersessional contributions. Finally, we thank the five reviewers who provided valuable suggestions and editorial advice for improving this manuscript. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 141 BP 179 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.12.009 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DO9IZ UT WOS:000378101200013 ER PT J AU Hobday, AJ Alexander, LV Perkins, SE Smale, DA Straub, SC Oliver, ECJ Benthuysen, JA Burrows, MT Donat, MG Peng, M Holbrook, NJ Moore, PJ Scannell, HA Sen Gupta, A Wernberg, T AF Hobday, Alistair J. Alexander, Lisa V. Perkins, Sarah E. Smale, Dan A. Straub, Sandra C. Oliver, Eric C. J. Benthuysen, Jessica A. Burrows, Michael T. Donat, Markus G. Peng, Ming Holbrook, Neil J. Moore, Pippa J. Scannell, Hillary A. Sen Gupta, Alex Wernberg, Thomas TI A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CORAL BLEACHING EVENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HEAT WAVES; GLOBAL PATTERNS; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; EXTREMES; IMPACTS; OCEAN AB Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have been observed around the world and are expected to increase in intensity and frequency under anthropogenic climate change. A variety of impacts have been associated with these anomalous events, including shifts in species ranges, local extinctions and economic impacts on seafood industries through declines in important fishery species and impacts on aquaculture. Extreme temperatures are increasingly seen as important influences on biological systems, yet a consistent definition of MHWs does not exist. A clear definition will facilitate retrospective comparisons between MHWs, enabling the synthesis and a mechanistic understanding of the role of MHWs in marine ecosystems. Building on research into atmospheric heatwaves, we propose both a general and specific definition for MHWs, based on a hierarchy of metrics that allow for different data sets to be used in identifying MHWs. We generally define a MHW as a prolonged discrete anomalously warm water event that can be described by its duration, intensity, rate of evolution, and spatial extent. Specifically, we consider an anomalously warm event to be a MHW if it lasts for five or more days, with temperatures warmer than the 90th percentile based on a 30-year historical baseline period. This structure provides flexibility with regard to the description of MHWs and transparency in communicating MHWs to a general audience. The use of these metrics is illustrated for three 21st century MHWs; the northern Mediterranean event in 2003, the Western Australia Ningaloo Nino in 2011, and the northwest Atlantic event in 2012. We recommend a specific quantitative definition for MHWs to facilitate global comparisons and to advance our understanding of these phenomena. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hobday, Alistair J.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Alexander, Lisa V.; Perkins, Sarah E.; Oliver, Eric C. J.; Donat, Markus G.; Holbrook, Neil J.; Sen Gupta, Alex] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Alexander, Lisa V.; Perkins, Sarah E.; Donat, Markus G.; Sen Gupta, Alex] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Smale, Dan A.] Marine Biol Assoc UK, Lab, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England. [Smale, Dan A.; Straub, Sandra C.; Wernberg, Thomas] Univ Western Australia, UWA Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Smale, Dan A.; Straub, Sandra C.; Wernberg, Thomas] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Oliver, Eric C. J.; Holbrook, Neil J.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Benthuysen, Jessica A.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Burrows, Michael T.] Scottish Marine Inst, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Dept Ecol, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Peng, Ming] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Perth, WA, Australia. [Moore, Pippa J.] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Biol Environm & Rural Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Dyfed, Wales. [Scannell, Hillary A.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Scannell, Hillary A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hobday, AJ (reprint author), CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. RI Wernberg, Thomas/B-4172-2010; Donat, Markus/J-8331-2012; Alexander, Lisa/A-8477-2011; Feng, Ming/F-5411-2010; OI Wernberg, Thomas/0000-0003-1185-9745; Donat, Markus/0000-0002-0608-7288; Alexander, Lisa/0000-0002-5635-2457; Feng, Ming/0000-0002-2855-7092; Oliver, Eric/0000-0002-4006-2826; Moore, Pippa/0000-0002-9889-2216 FU University of Western Australia Research Collaboration Award; UWA School of Plant Biology synthesis grant; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (ARCCSS); ARC [DE140100952, DE150100456, CE110001028, FT110100174, FS110200029]; NERC [IRF NE/K008439/1, NE/J024082/1]; Marie Curie CIG [PCIG10-GA-2011-303685] FX This contribution is an outcome from the working group 'Marine Heatwaves - physical drivers and properties' hosted at the UWA Oceans Institute by TW, DAS, NJH and ECJO. The working group received support from a University of Western Australia Research Collaboration Award, a UWA School of Plant Biology synthesis grant, and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (ARCCSS). This work contributes to the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Grand Challenge on Extremes. The workshop, and this paper, makes a contribution to the interests and activities of the International Commission on Climate of IAMAS/IUGG. NOAA High Resolution SST data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Insightful comments from two reviewers and the editor helped refine our manuscript. This paper is recorded as PMEL contribution number 4403. SEP was supported by ARC grant number DE140100952, MGD by ARC grant DE150100456, LVA by ARC grant number CE110001028, DS by NERC IRF NE/K008439/1, TW by ARC grant number FT110100174. MTB was supported by NERC grant NE/J024082/1, JB acknowledges support from CE110001028, ECJO by ARC grant numbers FS110200029 and CE110001028, PJM by Marie Curie CIG PCIG10-GA-2011-303685 and NERC grant NE/J024082/1. NR 76 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 141 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.12.014 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DO9IZ UT WOS:000378101200016 ER PT J AU Bellur, K Konduru, V Kulshreshtha, M Tyrewala, D Medici, E Allen, JS Choi, CK Hussey, DS Jacobson, DC Leao, JB McQuillen, J Hermanson, J Tamilarasan, A AF Bellur, Kishan Konduru, Vinaykumar Kulshreshtha, Manan Tyrewala, Daanish Medici, Ezequiel Allen, Jeffrey S. Choi, Chang Kyoung Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David C. Leao, Juscelino B. McQuillen, John Hermanson, James Tamilarasan, Arun TI Contact Angle Measurement of Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) in Stainless Steel and Aluminum Cells SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT News Item C1 [Bellur, Kishan; Konduru, Vinaykumar; Kulshreshtha, Manan; Tyrewala, Daanish; Medici, Ezequiel; Allen, Jeffrey S.; Choi, Chang Kyoung] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David C.; Leao, Juscelino B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McQuillen, John] NASA Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH USA. [Hermanson, James; Tamilarasan, Arun] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bellur, K (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2016 VL 138 IS 2 AR 020904 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA DO8WN UT WOS:000378066200006 ER PT J AU Jaecks, T Bond, MH Quinn, TP AF Jaecks, Troy Bond, Morgan H. Quinn, Thomas P. TI Can dietary reliance on Pacific salmon eggs create otolith Sr/Ca signatures that mimic anadromy in resident salmonids? SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Anadromy; Elemental analysis; Microchemistry; Migration; Otolith; Pacific salmon ID DOLLY VARDEN; FRESH-WATER; ESTUARINE FISH; PARTIAL MIGRATION; DIADROMOUS FISH; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MARINE FISH; STRONTIUM; CHEMISTRY; BARIUM AB Many aspects of the ecology, growth, life history, and population dynamics of fishes differ between anadromous populations and those residing exclusively in freshwater habitats. Analysis of the elemental composition of otoliths (ear stones) is commonly used to indicate the migration history of individuals, relying on the differences in ambient concentrations of calcium, strontium, and barium and their subsequent incorporation into calcified structures. Dietary contribution to otolith chemistry is often overlooked, but in this study we report results consistent with the possibility that reliance on food resources derived from the ocean via Pacific salmon can produce otolith Sr/Ca ratios suggesting anadromy in freshwater resident fish. Dolly Varden, Salvelinus malma, from the Iliamna River, Alaska feed very heavily on eggs and other tissues from sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, and their otoliths had Sr/Ca ratios typical of fish making seasonal migrations to marine waters but the Ba/Ca ratios were consistent with residence in fresh water. Water samples from the river provided no indication that the elevated Sr concentrations came from the river. A simulation of otolith chemistry resulting from Sr incorporation from both water and diet across a range of published values in salmonids indicates that a diet of salmon eggs and tissues can produce marine Sr/Ca ratios while fish remain in fresh water. Without experimental evidence such as a controlled diet study these results are suggestive but not conclusive. Nevertheless, they send a cautionary note that in some cases heavy reliance on marine-derived food sources might affect otolith microchemistry, creating an appearance of anadromy in fish that did not leave fresh water. C1 [Jaecks, Troy] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Sport Fish, POB 110024, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. [Jaecks, Troy; Bond, Morgan H.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bond, Morgan H.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Bond, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mobond@u.washington.edu FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Sport Fish; H. Mason Keeler Endowment at the University of Washington FX This study was supported by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Sport Fish, and the H. Mason Keeler Endowment at the University of Washington, with permits from the AGF&G and University of Washington IACUC. We thank Cody Larson, Ian Fo and Craig Schwanke, among others, for assistance with field collections. Kathy Smikrud generously provided the map of sampling locations. Comments on earlier drafts and suggestions during the project's development were provided by David Beauchamp, Keith Denton and Daniel Schindler (UW). We thank Randy Brown (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), Chris Zimmerman (U.S. Geological Service), and Jessica Miller (Oregon State University) for unpublished data, assistance with sample processing and interpretation, and comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful advice that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2016 VL 99 IS 2-3 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1007/s10641-016-0470-4 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DK1KM UT WOS:000374671000007 ER PT J AU Pribyl, AL Hyde, JR Robertson, L Vetter, R AF Pribyl, Alena L. Hyde, John R. Robertson, Larry Vetter, Russell TI Defining an ideal temperature range for the northern subpopulation of Pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax caeruleus SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Pacific sardine; Physiology; Temperature; Stress response; Heat shock proteins; Enzyme kinetics ID CRITICAL THERMAL MAXIMUM; HEAT-SHOCK; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; GENE-EXPRESSION; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; FISHES; ACCLIMATION; CORTISOL; STRESS AB The aim of this study was to determine a physiologically "ideal" temperature range of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax caeruleus) from the northern stock by assessing the effects of cumulatively increasing or decreasing temperature on their stress physiology. Sardines collected off the coast of Southern California during late spring and late fall were exposed to cumulatively increasing or decreasing temperatures that reached +/-8 degrees C from their acclimation temperature over a period of approximately one month. Blood plasma and tissue samples were collected at every 2 degrees C temperature change. Measurements included plasma cortisol, expression of heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp90, HOP) in liver tissue, expression of an immune gene (IgM) in liver tissue, and Michaelis-Menton (K-m) determinations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and citrate synthase (CS) from white and red muscle tissue, respectively. Critical thermal minimum and maximum temperatures were also measured to identify the outer edges of their thermal tolerance. Feeding behavior ceased and plasma cortisol was elevated at the lowest temperature, while Hsp90 and K-m(pyr) (LDH) values were elevated at the highest temperatures to which sardines were exposed. An additional finding was that V-max of LDH increased with increasing condition factor, indicating the occurrence of metabolic scaling in Pacific sardine. Critical thermal minimums and maximums for sardines acclimated to 15 degrees C and 17 degrees C were 3.4 degrees C-29.1 degrees C and 4.8 degrees C-29.9 degrees C, respectively. This study indicates Pacific sardine from the northern stock have a physiologic ideal temperature range of 9 degrees C-19 degrees C for 15 degrees C acclimated sardines and 11 degrees C-21 degrees C for 17 degrees C acclimated sardines. C1 [Pribyl, Alena L.; Hyde, John R.; Robertson, Larry; Vetter, Russell] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resource Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Pribyl, AL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resource Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM alena.pribyl@gmail.com RI Pribyl, Alena/C-4004-2016 OI Pribyl, Alena/0000-0002-7625-5259 FU National Research Council FX We thank the Everingham Brothers Bait Company for providing us with Pacific sardine for the experiments and the maintenance personnel at the SWFSC for maintaining the boilers to heat seawater. We thank the National Research Council for funding A. Pribyl's postdoctoral fellowship with J. Hyde and R. Vetter at NOAA's SWFSC. We also thank N. Lo and N. Wegner for early reviews of the paper and constructive comments as well as the journal reviewers. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2016 VL 99 IS 2-3 BP 275 EP 291 DI 10.1007/s10641-016-0473-1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DK1KM UT WOS:000374671000010 ER PT J AU Qin, J Silver, RM Barnes, BM Zhou, H Dixson, RG Henn, MA AF Qin, Jing Silver, Richard M. Barnes, Bryan M. Zhou, Hui Dixson, Ronald G. Henn, Mark-Alexander TI Deep subwavelength nanometric image reconstruction using Fourier domain optical normalization SO LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE computational microscopy; light scattering; metrology; quantitative nanoscale microscopy; sub-nanometer uncertainties ID DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY; SUPERRESOLUTION MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; INFORMATION; SCATTERING; METROLOGY; TRACKING AB Quantitative optical measurements of deep subwavelength, three-dimensional (3D), nanometric structures with sensitivity to sub-nanometer details address a ubiquitous measurement challenge. A Fourier domain normalization approach is used in the Fourier optical imaging code to simulate the full 3D scattered light field of nominally 15 nm-sized structures, accurately replicating the light field as a function of the focus position. Using the full 3D light field, nanometer scale details such as a 2 nm thin conformal oxide and nanometer topography are rigorously fitted for features less than one-thirtieth of the wavelength in size. The densely packed structures are positioned nearly an order of magnitude closer than the conventional Rayleigh resolution limit and can be measured with sub-nanometer parametric uncertainties. This approach enables a practical measurement sensitivity to size variations of only a few atoms in size using a high-throughput optical configuration with broad application in measuring nanometric structures and nanoelectronic devices. C1 [Qin, Jing; Silver, Richard M.; Barnes, Bryan M.; Zhou, Hui; Dixson, Ronald G.; Henn, Mark-Alexander] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Silver, RM (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn Phys, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM silver@nist.gov NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, CHANGCHUN INST OPTICS FINE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS PI CHANGCHUN PA 3888, DONGNANHU ROAD, CHANGCHUN, 130033, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 2047-7538 J9 LIGHT-SCI APPL JI Light-Sci. Appl. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 5 AR e16038 DI 10.1038/lsa.2016.38 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA DJ8LB UT WOS:000374462700003 ER PT J AU Ward, EJ Dahlheim, ME Waite, JM Emmons, CK Marshall, KN Chasco, BE Balcomb, KC AF Ward, E. J. Dahlheim, M. E. Waite, J. M. Emmons, C. K. Marshall, K. N. Chasco, B. E. Balcomb, K. C., III TI Long-distance migration of prey synchronizes demographic rates of top predators across broad spatial scales SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE correlated population dynamics; killer whales; long-distance migration; Moran effect; predator-prey; salmon; synchrony ID RESIDENT KILLER WHALES; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; ORCINUS-ORCA; CHINOOK SALMON; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NORTH-AMERICA; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL; ALASKA AB Reproductively and geographically isolated populations of predators may be synchronized by a phenomenon known as the Moran effect-specifically if they exhibit common responses to external processes, such as climate, density dependence (parasites, disease), or prey. Prey has the ability to synchronize predators if geographically isolated predator populations target the same prey species, or if the migration and range of the prey species occurs over a large enough scale to be available to multiple predator populations. The objective of our study was to investigate evidence for correlations of demographic rates between geographically isolated populations of piscivorous killer whales in the Northeast Pacific; using long-term mark-recapture datasets collected over the last 30+ yrs, we constructed a hierarchical occupancy model, linking models of survival and fecundity in a single framework. We found strong support for synchronized demographic rates in Southeast Alaska and Southern Resident killer whales, which are geographically and reproductively isolated. Despite their isolation, they experience extremely correlated dynamics-the correlation in fecundity rates between populations exceeds 0.9. The correlation in demographic rates across these populations of killer whales in different regions of the Northeast Pacific Ocean suggests a common environmental driver. Both killer whale populations are known to prey on Chinook salmon, which have a long-distance coastal migration larger than the habitat range of killer whales. Many of these Chinook salmon are also of the same origin (southern stocks), suggesting that these populations not only consume the same prey species but the same prey populations. C1 [Ward, E. J.; Emmons, C. K.; Marshall, K. N.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Dahlheim, M. E.; Waite, J. M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Cetacean Assessment & Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Chasco, B. E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Balcomb, K. C., III] Ctr Whale Res, 355 Smugglers Cove Rd, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. RP Ward, EJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM eric.ward@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD FEB PY 2016 VL 7 IS 2 AR e01276 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1276 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK4NX UT WOS:000374896300018 ER PT J AU Schultz, NE Ahmad, R Brennan, JK Frankel, KA Moore, JD Moore, JD Mountain, RD Ross, RB Thommes, M Shen, VK Siderius, DW Smith, KD AF Schultz, Nathan E. Ahmad, Riaz Brennan, John K. Frankel, Kevin A. Moore, Jonathan D. Moore, Joshua D. Mountain, Raymond D. Ross, Richard B. Thommes, Matthias Shen, Vincent K. Siderius, Daniel W. Smith, Kenneth D. TI The Eighth Industrial Fluids Properties Simulation Challenge SO ADSORPTION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Molecular simulation; activated carbon; adsorption; perfluorohexane; organic compounds ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; GLYCOL DIMETHYL ETHER; HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS; BUBBLE POINT PRESSURE; FORCE-FIELD; PREDICTING ADSORPTION; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; PERFLUOROHEXANE ADSORPTION AB The goal of the eighth industrial fluid properties simulation challenge was to test the ability of molecular simulation methods to predict the adsorption of organic adsorbates in activated carbon materials. In particular, the eighth challenge focused on the adsorption of perfluorohexane in the activated carbon BAM-P109. Entrants were challenged to predict the adsorption in the carbon at 273 K and relative pressures of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6. The predictions were judged by comparison with a benchmark set of experimentally determined values. Overall, good agreement and consistency were found between the predictions of most entrants. C1 [Schultz, Nathan E.; Frankel, Kevin A.; Ross, Richard B.] 3M Co, Ctr 3M, 201-2E-23, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Ahmad, Riaz; Thommes, Matthias] Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach, FL USA. [Brennan, John K.; Moore, Joshua D.] US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Moore, Jonathan D.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Mountain, Raymond D.; Shen, Vincent K.; Siderius, Daniel W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, Kenneth D.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Ross, RB (reprint author), 3M Co, Ctr 3M, 201-2E-23, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. EM rbross@mmm.com RI Moore, Jonathan/B-8201-2009 FU 3M Company; BP Amoco; Dow Chemical Company; DuPont; Exxon Mobil; Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: We would like to thank the 3M Company, BP Amoco, The Dow Chemical Company, DuPont, Exxon Mobil, and Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation for their financial support. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0263-6174 EI 2048-4038 J9 ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL JI Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 34 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1177/0263617415619521 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA DJ5ZL UT WOS:000374289400001 PM 27840542 ER PT J AU Ross, RB Aeschliman, DB Ahmad, R Brennan, JK Brostrom, ML Frankel, KA Moore, JD Moore, JD Mountain, RD Poirier, DM Thommes, M Shen, VK Schultz, NE Siderius, DW Smith, KD AF Ross, Richard B. Aeschliman, David B. Ahmad, Riaz Brennan, John K. Brostrom, Myles L. Frankel, Kevin A. Moore, Jonathan D. Moore, Joshua D. Mountain, Raymond D. Poirier, Derrick M. Thommes, Matthias Shen, Vincent K. Schultz, Nathan E. Siderius, Daniel W. Smith, Kenneth D. TI Adsorption, X-ray diffraction, photoelectron, and atomic emission spectroscopy benchmark studies for the eighth industrial fluid properties simulation challenge SO ADSORPTION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Perfluorohexane; adsorption; activated carbon; BAM-P109 activated carbon AB The primary goal of the eighth industrial fluid properties simulation challenge was to test the ability of molecular simulation methods to predict the adsorption of organic adsorbates in activated carbon materials. The challenge focused on the adsorption of perfluorohexane in the activated carbon standard BAM-P109. Entrants were challenged to predict the adsorption of perfluorohexane in the activated carbon at a temperature of 273K and at relative pressures of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6. The relative pressure (P/P-o) is defined as that relative to the bulk saturation pressure predicted by the fluid model at a given temperature (273K in this case). The predictions were judged by comparison to a set of experimentally determined values, which are published here for the first time and were not disclosed to the entrants prior to the challenge. Benchmark experimental studies, described herein, were also carried out and provided to entrants in order to aid in the development of new force fields and simulation methods to be employed in the challenge. These studies included argon, carbon dioxide, and water adsorption in the BAM-P109 activated carbon as well as X-ray diffraction, X-ray microtomography, photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic emission spectroscopy studies of BAM-P109. Several concurrent studies were carried out for the BAM-P108 activated carbon. These are included in the current manuscript for comparison. C1 [Ross, Richard B.; Aeschliman, David B.; Brostrom, Myles L.; Frankel, Kevin A.; Poirier, Derrick M.; Schultz, Nathan E.] 3M Co, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Ahmad, Riaz; Thommes, Matthias] Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach, FL USA. [Brennan, John K.; Moore, Joshua D.] US Army, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Moore, Jonathan D.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Mountain, Raymond D.; Shen, Vincent K.; Siderius, Daniel W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, Kenneth D.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Ross, RB (reprint author), 3M Co, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. EM rbross@mmm.com RI Moore, Jonathan/B-8201-2009 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0263-6174 EI 2048-4038 J9 ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL JI Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 34 IS 1 SI SI BP 13 EP 41 DI 10.1177/0263617415619541 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA DJ5ZL UT WOS:000374289400002 PM 27840543 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Anderson, N Phillips, WD Eckel, S Campbell, GK Stringari, S AF Kumar, A. Anderson, N. Phillips, W. D. Eckel, S. Campbell, G. K. Stringari, S. TI Minimally destructive, Doppler measurement of a quantized flow in a ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomtronic devices; persistent currents; superfluidity ID COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; PROPAGATION; VORTEX; SOUND; GAS AB The Doppler effect, the shift in the frequency of sound due to motion, is present in both classical gases and quantum superfluids. Here, we perform an in situ, minimally destructive measurement, of the persistent current in a ring-shaped, superfluid Bose-Einstein condensate using the Doppler effect. Phonon modes generated in this condensate have their frequencies Doppler shifted by a persistent current. This frequency shift will cause a standing-wave phonon mode to be 'dragged' along with the persistent current. By measuring this precession, one can extract the background flow velocity. This technique will find utility in experiments where the winding number is important, such as in emerging 'atomtronic' devices. C1 [Kumar, A.; Anderson, N.; Phillips, W. D.; Eckel, S.; Campbell, G. K.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kumar, A.; Anderson, N.; Phillips, W. D.; Eckel, S.; Campbell, G. K.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stringari, S.] Univ Trento, INO CNR BEC Ctr, I-38123 Povo, Italy. [Stringari, S.] Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Povo, Italy. RP Campbell, GK (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gcampbe1@umd.edu FU ONR; ARO atomtronics MURI; NSF through PFC at JQI; QUIC grant of Horizon 2020 FET program; Provincia Autonoma di Trento FX This work was partially supported by ONR, the ARO atomtronics MURI, and the NSF through the PFC at the JQI. SS acknowledges the support of the QUIC grant of the Horizon 2020 FET program and of Provincia Autonoma di Trento. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 025001 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/2/025001 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DH0GY UT WOS:000372462400001 ER PT J AU Liew, SF Ge, L Redding, B Solomon, GS Cao, H AF Liew, Seng Fatt Ge, Li Redding, Brandon Solomon, Glenn S. Cao, Hui TI Controlling a microdisk laser by local refractive index perturbation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAGUERRE-GAUSSIAN MODES; QUANTUM-DOT; EMISSION; DIODES AB We demonstrate a simple yet effective approach of controlling lasing in a semiconductor microdisk by photo-thermal effect. A continuous wave green laser beam, focused onto the microdisk perimeter, can enhance or suppress lasing in different cavity modes, depending on the position of the focused beam. Its main effect is a local modification of the refractive index of the disk, which results in an increase in the power slope of some lasing modes and a decrease of others. The boundary roughness breaks the rotational symmetry of a circular disk, allowing the lasing process to be tuned by varying the green beam position. Using the same approach, we can also fine tune the relative intensity of a quasi-degenerate pair of lasing modes. Such post-fabrication control, enabled by an additional laser beam, is flexible and reversible, thus enhancing the functionality of semiconductor microdisk lasers. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Liew, Seng Fatt; Redding, Brandon; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Ge, Li] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Engn Sci & Phys, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Ge, Li] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cao, H (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM hui.cao@yale.edu FU MURI from U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0649]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1205307, DMR-1506987]; YINQE; NSF MRSEC [DMR-1119826] FX This work was supported by the MURI Grant No. N00014-13-1-0649 from the U.S. Office of Naval Research and by the National Science Foundation under the Grant Nos. DMR-1205307 and DMR-1506987. Facilities use was supported by YINQE and NSF MRSEC DMR-1119826. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 5 AR 051105 DI 10.1063/1.4940229 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH8PD UT WOS:000373055700005 ER PT J AU Scales, KL Miller, PI Ingram, SN Hazen, EL Bograd, SJ Phillips, RA AF Scales, Kylie L. Miller, Peter I. Ingram, Simon N. Hazen, Elliott L. Bograd, Steven J. Phillips, Richard A. TI Identifying predictable foraging habitats for a wide-ranging marine predator using ensemble ecological niche models SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE albatross; biologging; Boosted Regression Trees; front map; generalized additive models; habitat model; Random Forest; satellite remote sensing ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; GREY-HEADED ALBATROSS; BLACK-BROWED ALBATROSSES; POLAR FRONTAL ZONE; SOUTH GEORGIA; THALASSARCHE-CHRYSOSTOMA; NONBREEDING ALBATROSSES; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; TOP PREDATOR AB Aim Ecological niche modelling can provide valuable insight into species' environmental preferences and aid the identification of key habitats for populations of conservation concern. Here, we integrate biologging, satellite remote-sensing and ensemble ecological niche models (EENMs) to identify predictable foraging habitats for a globally important population of the grey-headed albatross (GHA) Thalassarche chrysostoma Location Bird Island, South Georgia; Southern Atlantic Ocean. Methods GPS and geolocation-immersion loggers were used to track at-sea movements and activity patterns of GHA over two breeding seasons (n = 55; brood-guard). Immersion frequency (landings per 10-min interval) was used to define foraging events. EENM combining Generalized Additive Models (GAM), MaxEnt, Random Forest (RF) and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) identified the biophysical conditions characterizing the locations of foraging events, using time-matched oceanographic predictors (Sea Surface Temperature, SST; chlorophyll a, chl-a; thermal front frequency, TFreq; depth). Model performance was assessed through iterative cross-validation and extrapolative performance through cross-validation among years. Results Predictable foraging habitats identified by EENM spanned neritic (<500 m), shelf break and oceanic waters, coinciding with a set of persistent biophysical conditions characterized by particular thermal ranges (3-8 degrees C, 12-13 degrees C), elevated primary productivity (chl-a > 0.5 mg m(-3)) and frequent manifestation of mesoscale thermal fronts. Our results confirm previous indications that GHA exploit enhanced foraging opportunities associated with frontal systems and objectively identify the APFZ as a region of high foraging habitat suitability. Moreover, at the spatial and temporal scales investigated here, the performance of multi-model ensembles was superior to that of single-algorithm models, and cross-validation among years indicated reasonable extrapolative performance. Main conclusions EENM techniques are useful for integrating the predictions of several single-algorithm models, reducing potential bias and increasing confidence in predictions. Our analysis highlights the value of EENM for use with movement data in identifying at-sea habitats of wide-ranging marine predators, with clear implications for conservation and management. C1 [Scales, Kylie L.; Miller, Peter I.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Scales, Kylie L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Scales, Kylie L.; Hazen, Elliott L.; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Ingram, Simon N.] Univ Plymouth, Marine Biol & Ecol Res Ctr, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Phillips, Richard A.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Scales, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Div Environm Res, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM kylie.scales@noaa.gov RI Miller, Peter/E-4525-2013; OI Miller, Peter/0000-0002-5292-8789; Scales, Kylie/0000-0003-0843-0956 FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC; Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate (CIMEC) FX We are grateful to the fieldworkers who assisted with the tracking studies at Bird Island. The authors thank Drs. Stephen Votier and Beth Scott for useful discussions. This study represents a contribution to the Ecosystems Component of the British Antarctic Survey Polar Science for Planet Earth Programme, funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). KS carried out this work as part of NERC-funded doctoral studies at Plymouth Marine Laboratory (UK) and is now supported by the Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate (CIMEC), a collaboration between the University of California, Santa Cruz and NOAA SWFSC Environmental Research Division. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 22 IS 2 BP 212 EP 224 DI 10.1111/ddi.12389 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH6DX UT WOS:000372882300008 ER PT J AU Muller, R Kunz, A Hurst, DF Rolf, C Kramer, M Riese, M AF Mueller, Rolf Kunz, Anne Hurst, Dale F. Rolf, Christian Kraemer, Martina Riese, Martin TI The need for accurate long-term measurements of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with global coverage SO EARTHS FUTURE LA English DT Article DE atmosphric water vapor; climate change; water vapor measurements; radiative forcing ID CIRRUS CLOUDS; HUMIDITY; HYGROMETER; SATELLITE; TRENDS; OZONE; SPECTROMETER; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB Water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere although changes in carbon dioxide constitute the control knob for surface temperatures. While the latter fact is well recognized, resulting in extensive space-borne and ground-based measurement programs for carbon dioxide as detailed in the studies by Keeling et al. (1996), Kuze et al. (2009), and Liu et al. (2014), the need for an accurate characterization of the long-term changes in upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric (UTLS) water vapor has not yet resulted in sufficiently extensive long-term international measurement programs (although first steps have been taken). Here, we argue for the implementation of a long-term balloon-borne measurement program for UTLS water vapor covering the entire globe that will likely have to be sustained for hundreds of years. C1 [Mueller, Rolf; Rolf, Christian; Kraemer, Martina; Riese, Martin] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res IEK 7, Wilhelm Johnen Str, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Kunz, Anne] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Res, Zurich, Switzerland. [Hurst, Dale F.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Muller, R (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res IEK 7, Wilhelm Johnen Str, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM ro.mueller@fz-juelich.de RI Muller, Rolf/A-6669-2013; Riese, Martin/A-3927-2013; Kramer, Martina/A-7482-2013; Rolf, Christian/K-5275-2016 OI Muller, Rolf/0000-0002-5024-9977; Riese, Martin/0000-0001-6398-6493; Rolf, Christian/0000-0001-5329-0054 FU European Commission [StratoClim-603557-FP7-ENV.2013.6.1-2] FX We are grateful to Andreas Petzold, Herman Smit, Michiel van Weele, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the paper. We thank J. Carter-Sigglow for a grammatical and stylistic revision of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the European Commission under grant number StratoClim-603557-FP7-ENV.2013.6.1-2. The data used in Figure 1 can be obtained by contacting the authors; data from the Boulder station (Figure 2) can be obtained from the following website: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/ftpdata.html. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD FEB PY 2016 VL 4 IS 2 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1002/2015EF000321 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH6WA UT WOS:000372931600004 ER PT J AU Lin, TJ Ver Eecke, HC Breves, EA Dyar, MD Jamieson, JW Hannington, MD Dahle, H Bishop, JL Lane, MD Butterfield, DA Kelley, DS Lilley, MD Baross, JA Holden, JF AF Lin, T. J. Ver Eecke, H. C. Breves, E. A. Dyar, M. D. Jamieson, J. W. Hannington, M. D. Dahle, H. Bishop, J. L. Lane, M. D. Butterfield, D. A. Kelley, D. S. Lilley, M. D. Baross, J. A. Holden, J. F. TI Linkages between mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial communities within hydrothermal chimneys from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Juan de Fuca Ridge; hydrothermal vents; subsurface biosphere ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; SP-NOV.; BLACK-SMOKER; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; VENT FLUIDS; GEN. NOV.; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; SUBSEAFLOOR HABITAT; VOLCANIC-ERUPTION AB Rock and fluid samples were collected from three hydrothermal chimneys at the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge to evaluate linkages among mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial community composition within the chimneys. Mossbauer, midinfrared thermal emission, and visible-near infrared spectroscopies were utilized for the first time to characterize vent mineralogy, in addition to thin-section petrography, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analyses. A 282 degrees C venting chimney from the Bastille edifice was composed primarily of sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite, marcasite, and sphalerite. In contrast, samples from a 300 degrees C venting chimney from the Dante edifice and a 321 degrees C venting chimney from the Hot Harold edifice contained a high abundance of the sulfate mineral anhydrite. Geochemical modeling of mixed vent fluids suggested the oxic-anoxic transition zone was above 100 degrees C at all three vents, and that the thermodynamic energy available for autotrophic microbial redox reactions favored aerobic sulfide and methane oxidation. As predicted, microbes within the Dante and Hot Harold chimneys were most closely related to mesophilic and thermophilic aerobes of the Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria and sulfide-oxidizing autotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria. However, most of the microbes within the Bastille chimney were most closely related to mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobes of the Deltaproteobacteria, especially sulfate reducers, and anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaea. The predominance of anaerobes in the Bastille chimney indicated that other environmental factors promote anoxic conditions. Possibilities include the maturity or fluid flow characteristics of the chimney, abiotic Fe2+ and S2- oxidation in the vent fluids, or O-2 depletion by aerobic respiration on the chimney outer wall. C1 [Lin, T. J.; Ver Eecke, H. C.; Holden, J. F.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ver Eecke, H. C.; Breves, E. A.] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Jamieson, J. W.; Hannington, M. D.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Jamieson, J. W.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Dahle, H.] Univ Bergen, Ctr Geobiol, Dept Biol, Bergen, Norway. [Bishop, J. L.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Lane, M. D.] Inst Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Butterfield, D. A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Butterfield, D. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kelley, D. S.; Lilley, M. D.; Baross, J. A.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Holden, JF (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jholden@microbio.umass.edu RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016 OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279 FU National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences [OCE-0732611]; National Science Foundation [OCE-0731947]; JISAO under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX We thank Eric Olson, Kevin Roe, Leigh Evans, My Christensen, Dmitry Tokar, Jacqueline Knutson, and the personnel onboard the R/V Atlantis and DSV Alvin for technical assistance. We also thank Richard Thomson of the Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries, and Oceans Canada for providing the dissolved O2 data used to calculate redox energy. This study was supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences grant OCE-0732611 (to JFH) and National Science Foundation grant OCE-0731947 (to DAB, DSK, and MD Lilley). This publication is partially funded by JISAO to DAB under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. JISAO contribution 2501, PMEL contribution 4423. This is PSI contribution 612 (MD Lane). Supporting data are included as five tables in an SI file. Any additional data not mentioned in databases in the text may be obtained from JFH (email: jholden@microbio.umass.edu). NR 106 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 17 IS 2 BP 300 EP 323 DI 10.1002/2015GC006091 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DH8TQ UT WOS:000373070100005 ER PT J AU Tagliabue, A Aumont, O DeAth, R Dunne, JP Dutkiewicz, S Galbraith, E Misumi, K Moore, JK Ridgwell, A Sherman, E Stock, C Vichi, M Volker, C Yool, A AF Tagliabue, Alessandro Aumont, Olivier DeAth, Ros Dunne, John P. Dutkiewicz, Stephanie Galbraith, Eric Misumi, Kazuhiro Moore, J. Keith Ridgwell, Andy Sherman, Elliot Stock, Charles Vichi, Marcello Voelker, Christoph Yool, Andrew TI How well do global ocean biogeochemistry models simulate dissolved iron distributions? SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE iron; ocean; biogeochemistry; climate; model ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WORLD OCEAN; PARTICLE CONCENTRATION; NATURAL FERTILIZATION; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NUTRIENT-LIMITATION; DUST DEPOSITION AB Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are relied upon to make projections about the impact of climate change on marine resources and test hypotheses regarding the drivers of past changes in climate and ecosystems. In large areas of the ocean, iron availability regulates the functioning of marine ecosystems and hence the ocean carbon cycle. Accordingly, our ability to quantify the drivers and impacts of fluctuations in ocean ecosystems and carbon cycling in space and time relies on first achieving an appropriate representation of the modern marine iron cycle in models. When the iron distributions from 13 global ocean biogeochemistry models are compared against the latest oceanic sections from the GEOTRACES program, we find that all models struggle to reproduce many aspects of the observed spatial patterns. Models that reflect the emerging evidence for multiple iron sources or subtleties of its internal cycling perform much better in capturing observed features than their simpler contemporaries, particularly in the ocean interior. We show that the substantial uncertainty in the input fluxes of iron results in a very wide range of residence times across models, which has implications for the response of ecosystems and global carbon cycling to perturbations. Given this large uncertainty, iron fertilization experiments based on any single current generation model should be interpreted with caution. Improvements to how such models represent iron scavenging and also biological cycling are needed to raise confidence in their projections of global biogeochemical change in the ocean. C1 [Tagliabue, Alessandro] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Aumont, Olivier] Inst Pierre Simon LaPlace, IRD LOCEAN, Paris, France. [DeAth, Ros; Ridgwell, Andy] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Dunne, John P.; Stock, Charles] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Dutkiewicz, Stephanie] MIT, Ctr Global Change, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Galbraith, Eric] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Galbraith, Eric] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Ambientals, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Galbraith, Eric] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Math, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Misumi, Kazuhiro] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Environm Sci Res Lab, Abiko, Chiba, Japan. [Moore, J. Keith; Sherman, Elliot] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Ridgwell, Andy] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Vichi, Marcello] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Vichi, Marcello] Nansen Tutu Ctr Marine Environm Res, Cape Town, South Africa. [Voelker, Christoph] Helmholtz Zentrum Polar & Meeresforsch, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Yool, Andrew] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Tagliabue, A (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. EM a.tagliabue@liverpool.ac.uk RI Voelker, Christoph /I-7891-2012; Vichi, Marcello/B-8719-2008; OI Voelker, Christoph /0000-0003-3032-114X; Vichi, Marcello/0000-0002-0686-9634; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU N8 consortium; EPSRC [EP/K000225/1] FX We thank everyone that has been involved in the development of the FeMIP ocean models over many years. A.T. especially thanks Eric Achterberg, Andrew Bowie, Maarten Klunder, Joe Resing, Micha Rijkenberg, Mak Saito, Christian Schlosser, and Peter Sedwick for sharing DFe data sets ahead of their publication and Edward Mawji, Reiner Schlitzer, Elena Masferrer-Dodas, and the wider GEOTRACES community for their efforts in producing the Intermediate Data Product (2014) that facilitated this intercomparison. PISCES1 and PISCES2 simulations made use of the N8 HPC facilities, funded by the N8 consortium and EPSRC grant EP/K000225/1. M.V. acknowledges the BFM system team (http://bfm-community.eu) for the public availability of the BFM model. We thank Bob Anderson, Laurent Bopp, and Ric Williams for their comments on the draft manuscript and those of two anonymous reviewers that improved the final version NR 88 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 20 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB PY 2016 VL 30 IS 2 BP 149 EP 174 DI 10.1002/2015GB005289 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7HO UT WOS:000372963900005 ER PT J AU Westberry, TK Schultz, P Behrenfeld, MJ Dunne, JP Hiscock, MR Maritorena, S Sarmiento, JL Siegel, DA AF Westberry, Toby K. Schultz, Patrick Behrenfeld, Michael J. Dunne, John P. Hiscock, Michael R. Maritorena, Stephane Sarmiento, Jorge L. Siegel, David A. TI Annual cycles of phytoplankton biomass in the subarctic Atlantic and Pacific Ocean SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; remote sensing ID DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CHLOROPHYLL-A; IRON STRESS; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; STATION PAPA; TIME-SERIES; GROWTH; SATELLITE AB High-latitude phytoplankton blooms support productive fisheries and play an important role in oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide. In the subarctic North Atlantic Ocean, blooms are a recurrent feature each year, while in the eastern subarctic Pacific only small changes in chlorophyll (Chl) are seen over the annual cycle. Here we show that when evaluated using phytoplankton carbon biomass (C-phyto) rather than Chl, an annual bloom in the North Pacific is evident and can even rival blooms observed in the North Atlantic. The annual increase in subarctic Pacific phytoplankton biomass is not readily observed in the Chl record because it is paralleled by light- and nutrient-driven decreases in cellular pigment levels (C-phyto:Chl). Specifically, photoacclimation and iron stress effects on C-phyto:Chl oppose the biomass increase, leading to only modest changes in bulk Chl. The magnitude of the photoacclimation effect is quantified using descriptors of the near-surface light environment and a photophysiological model. Iron stress effects are diagnosed from satellite chlorophyll fluorescence data. Lastly, we show that biomass accumulation in the Pacific is slower than that in the Atlantic but is closely tied to similar levels of seasonal nutrient uptake in both basins. Annual cycles of satellite-derived Chl and C-phyto are reproduced by in situ autonomous profiling floats. These results contradict the long-standing paradigm that environmental conditions prevent phytoplankton accumulation in the subarctic Northeast Pacific and suggest a greater seasonal decoupling between phytoplankton growth and losses than traditionally implied. Further, our results highlight the role of physiological processes in shaping bulk properties, such as Chl, and their interpretation in studies of ocean ecosystem dynamics and climate change. C1 [Westberry, Toby K.; Behrenfeld, Michael J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schultz, Patrick; Hiscock, Michael R.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Maritorena, Stephane; Siegel, David A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Westberry, TK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM toby.westberry@science.oregonstate.edu FU NASA [NNX08AK70G, NNX11AE64G] FX This work was supported by NASA grants NNX08AK70G and NNX11AE64G. The authors would like to thank Ken Johnson and Emmanuel Boss for sharing float data publicly. Many of the ideas in this work were developed as part of P.S. PhD dissertation. NR 93 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB PY 2016 VL 30 IS 2 BP 175 EP 190 DI 10.1002/2015GB005276 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7HO UT WOS:000372963900006 ER PT J AU Fassbender, AJ Sabine, CL Cronin, MF AF Fassbender, Andrea J. Sabine, Christopher L. Cronin, Meghan F. TI Net community production and calcification from 7years of NOAA Station Papa Mooring measurements SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE net community production; calcification; carbon cycling ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; NORTHWESTERN SARGASSO SEA; NORTH PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TIME-SERIES; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; REDFIELD RATIOS; ORGANIC-CARBON; EL-NINO AB Seven years of near-continuous observations from the Ocean Station Papa (OSP) surface mooring were used to evaluate drivers of marine carbon cycling in the eastern subarctic Pacific. Processes contributing to mixed layer carbon inventory changes throughout each deployment year were quantitatively assessed using a time-dependent mass balance approach in which total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon were used as tracers. By using two mixed layer carbon tracers, it was possible to isolate the influences of net community production (NCP) and calcification. Our results indicate that the annual NCP at OSP is 2 1molCm(-2)yr(-1) and the annual calcification is 0.30.3molCm(-2)yr(-1). Piecing together evidence for potentially significant dissolved organic carbon cycling in this region, we estimate a particulate inorganic carbon to particulate organic carbon ratio between 0.15 and 0.25. This is at least double the global average, adding to the growing evidence that calcifying organisms play an important role in carbon export at this location. These results, coupled with significant seasonality in the NCP, suggest that carbon cycling near OSP may be more complex than previously thought and highlight the importance of continuous observations for robust assessments of biogeochemical cycling. C1 [Fassbender, Andrea J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fassbender, Andrea J.; Sabine, Christopher L.; Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fassbender, AJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Fassbender, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM andrea.fassbender@noaa.gov OI Fassbender, Andrea/0000-0002-5898-1185 FU NOAA Climate Program Office Climate Observation Division; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; NSF IGERT Program on Ocean Change FX The authors thank Noel Pelland for providing glider data used in this analysis as well as Steven Emerson, Paul Quay, Seth Bushinsky, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive feedback, which improved the manuscript. All mooring operations were performed aboard the CCGS Tully. We are grateful for the shiptime provided by the Line P program and efforts of the Captain, crew, science party, and PMEL Ocean Climate Stations and Carbon Program group technicians, who made this data set possible. Data are publicly available at the following links for the NOAA Station Papa buoy http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ocs/, repeat hydrography cruises http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/, and WOA https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/. This work was funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office Climate Observation Division, the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program, and the NSF IGERT Program on Ocean Change and is PMEL contribution 4340. NR 83 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB PY 2016 VL 30 IS 2 BP 250 EP 267 DI 10.1002/2015GB005205 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7HO UT WOS:000372963900011 ER PT J AU Persily, AK AF Persily, A. K. TI Field measurement of ventilation rates SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Indoor Air Conference CY 2014 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Airflow; Building performance; Field studies; Infiltration; Measurement; Ventilation ID AIR EXCHANGE-RATES; CONTAMINANT DISTRIBUTION; BUILDINGS; PERFORMANCE; INFILTRATION; QUALITY; DESIGN; HEALTH; ERRORS; FLOWS AB Ventilation rates have significant impacts on building energy use and indoor contaminant concentrations, making them key parameters in building performance. Ventilation rates have been measured in buildings for many decades, and there are mature measurement approaches available to researchers and others who need to know actual ventilation rates in buildings. Despite the fact that ventilation rates are critical in interpreting indoor concentration measurements, it is disconcerting how few Indoor Air Quality field studies measure ventilation rates or otherwise characterize the ventilation design of the study building(s). This paper summarizes parameters of interest in characterizing building ventilation, available methods for quantifying these parameters, and challenges in applying these methods to different types of buildings and ventilation systems. These parameters include whole-building air change rates, system outdoor air intake rates, and building infiltration rates. Tracer gas methods are reviewed as well as system airflow rate measurements using, for example, duct traverses. Several field studies of ventilation rates conducted over the past 75 years are described to highlight the approaches employed and the findings obtained. C1 [Persily, A. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MD 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Persily, AK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MD 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andyp@nist.gov NR 94 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0905-6947 EI 1600-0668 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD FEB PY 2016 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 97 EP 111 DI 10.1111/ina.12193 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DI0SY UT WOS:000373208600008 PM 25689218 ER PT J AU Hiester, J Sergienko, OV Hulbe, CL AF Hiester, J. Sergienko, O. V. Hulbe, C. L. TI Topographically mediated ice stream subglacial drainage networks SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE ice streams; subglacial hydrology; modeling ID WEST ANTARCTICA; LAKE ACTIVITY; SIPLE COAST; SURFACE; WATER; FLOW; DYNAMICS; TRIBUTARIES; GREENLAND; SEDIMENT AB Satellite laser altimetry reveals short timescale changes in Antarctic ice sheet surface elevation that are suggested to be driven by subglacial water transport and storage. Here details of the interaction between the dynamics of ice stream flow, subglacial water system, and bed elevation relief are examined in the context of idealized, heterogeneous bed geometries. Using a two-way coupled model of ice and subglacial water flow, we show that basal topography controls the temporal and spatial variability of the sub-ice stream hydraulic system. The orientation and characteristic dimensions of the topographic undulations determine the morphology (connected subglacial ponds or channel-like subglacial water features) and timescales of the sub-ice stream drainage system. The short-term (several years to decades) variability of the simulated coupled ice stream/subglacial water system suggests that the short-term surface variations detected in remote sensing observations may be indicative of a rapidly evolving subglacial water system. Our simulations also show that interaction between ice flow and the highly dynamic subglacial water system has a strong effect on effective stress in the ice. Large effective stress magnitudes arise over areas where the basal traction is characterized by strong spatial gradients, that is, transitions from high to low basal traction or vise versa. These transitions migrate on multiyear timescales and thus cause large effective stress variability on the same temporal scales. C1 [Hiester, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX USA. [Sergienko, O. V.] Princeton Univ, GFDL AOS, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hulbe, C. L.] Univ Otago, Sch Surveying, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL AOS, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM osergien@princeton.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OPP-0838811]; NOAA [NA13OAR431009] FX We thank the Associate Editor, Poul Christoffersen, Jonny Kingslake, and two anonymous referees for their useful suggestions and constructive criticism that helped to improve the manuscript. This study is supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grant OPP-0838811 and by NOAA grant NA13OAR431009. The model outputs will be available at NSIDC nsidc.org. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 121 IS 2 BP 497 EP 510 DI 10.1002/2015JF003660 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH6UU UT WOS:000372928400016 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, R AF Lumpkin, Rick TI Global characteristics of coherent vortices from surface drifter trajectories SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE physical oceanography ID ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC; EDDIES; SCALES AB An algorithm is developed that can automatically identify loopers in Lagrangian trajectory data, i. e., looping trajectories that complete at least two orbits, in a significant update to Griffa et al. (2008). This algorithm is applied to the Global Drifter Program data set, and over 15,000 looping trajectory segments are identified worldwide. While two third of these segments are 14-39 days long, some persist for hundreds of days; the longest looper in the record persisted for 287 days. The paths taken by the vortices at the center of these looper trajectory segments can be calculated from these data. The Lagrangian integral time scale can also be estimated for the looper segments, and is generally very close to the orbital perioda value several times larger than the integral time scales characterizing nonloopers. Fundamental timemean quantities such as total kinetic energy and velocity are shown to be significantly different between loopers and nonloopers. These results suggest that a careful approach to the data might require separately calculating means of the nonloopers and loopers, and only afterward combining the weighted results for an overall time-mean picture. While many of the loopers with large radii orbit vortices identified in altimeterderived eddy census data, many with smaller radii do not match vortices resolved in altimetry. The data from this study are available at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/loopers/. C1 [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lumpkin, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Rick.Lumpkin@noaa.gov RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce; Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce FX This paper was funded by the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and the Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office, both of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The 6 hourly observations comprising drifter trajectory segments identified in this study as loopers are available at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/loopers/. Conversations and suggestions from Renellys Perez, Jonathan Lilly, Josefina Olascoaga, Javier Beron-Vera, Chris Meinen, Amy Bower, Annalisa Griffa, and two anonymous reviewers were extremely valuable. The drifter data were collected and are made freely available by NOAA's Global Drifter Program at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/envids/gld/index.php. The altimeter-derived eddy census of Chelton et al. [2011], updated through April 2012, is available at http://cioss.coas.oregonstate.edu/eddies/. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2016 VL 121 IS 2 BP 1306 EP 1321 DI 10.1002/2015JC011435 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DH9RX UT WOS:000373134600017 ER PT J AU Bender, PL Betts, CR AF Bender, Peter L. Betts, Casey R. TI Ocean calibration approach for data from the GRACE Follow-On mission SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE GRACE Follow-On mission; mass distribution variations; ECCO-JPL ocean model; geopotential variations at satellite altitude ID GRAVITY-FIELD; CIRCULATION AB The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has been providing valuable new information on time variations in the Earth's gravity field since 2002. In addition, the GRACE Follow-On mission is scheduled to be flown soon after the end of life of the GRACE mission in order to minimize the loss of valuable data on the Earth's gravity field changes. In view of the major benefits to hydrology and oceanography, as well as to other fields, it is desirable to investigate the fundamental limits to monitoring the time variations in the Earth's gravity field during GRACE-type missions. A simplified model is presented in this paper for making estimates of the effect of differential spurious accelerations of the satellites during times when four successive revolutions cross the Pacific Ocean. The analysis approach discussed is to make use of changes in the satellite separation observed during passages across low-latitude regions of the Pacific and of other oceans to correct for spurious accelerations of the satellites. The low-latitude regions of the Pacific and of other oceans are the extended regions where the a priori uncertainties in the time variations of the geopotential heights due to mass distribution changes are known best. In addition, advantage can be taken of the repeated crossings of the South Pole and the North Pole, since the uncertainties in changes in the geopotential heights at the poles during the time required for four orbit revolutions are likely to be small. C1 [Bender, Peter L.; Betts, Casey R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bender, Peter L.; Betts, Casey R.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bender, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Bender, PL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. EM pbender@jila.colorado.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB PY 2016 VL 121 IS 2 BP 1218 EP 1235 DI 10.1002/2015JB012433 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DH8ZC UT WOS:000373084400044 ER PT J AU Watson, C Jayachandran, PT Singer, HJ Redmon, RJ Danskin, D AF Watson, Chris Jayachandran, P. T. Singer, Howard J. Redmon, Robert J. Danskin, Donald TI GPS TEC response to Pc4 "giant pulsations" SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE GPS TEC; Pc4; giant pulsation; Pg pulsation; ULF; total electron content ID COLUMNAR ELECTRON-CONTENT; MORNING SECTOR; AMPLITUDE; WAVES; IONOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; SATELLITE; MODE AB Variations in ionospheric total electron content (TEC) associated with ultralow frequency (ULF) magnetic field variations in the Pc4 (6.7-22.0mHz) frequency band were observed in the early morning sector. TEC variations were observed by the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in Sanikiluaq, Nunavut (56.54 degrees N, 280.77 degrees E), which is located near the equatorward edge of the auroral region. Small-amplitude Pc4 ULF waves were observed by the Sanikiluaq ground magnetometer and by the geosynchronous GOES 13 satellite. TEC and magnetic field both exhibited narrowband, highly regular, quasi-sinusoidal waveforms, with high correlation and coherence indicating a clear link between TEC variations and Pc4 ULF activity. Variations in TEC and 30-50keV electron flux observed by GOES 13 were also highly correlated and coherent. TEC variations observed directly above Sanikiluaq were in antiphase with eastward magnetic field variations on the ground, while TEC variations observed at the footprint of the GOES 13 satellite were in phase with GOES radial magnetic field and 30-50keV electron flux. Intermittent occurrence of TEC variations observed by multiple GPS satellites indicated a localized ionospheric response to the Pc4 activity. This is the first clear evidence of a TEC response to these so called giant pulsations (Pgs). By applying a multisatellite triangulation technique, the phase velocity, group velocity, and azimuthal wave number of TEC variations were also calculated for an interval of highly coherent measurements. The phase and group propagation velocities were 2-7km/s and 1-3km/s north and westward, respectively, while the azimuthal wave number ranged from -35 to -310. C1 [Watson, Chris; Jayachandran, P. T.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Redmon, Robert J.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. [Danskin, Donald] Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Watson, C (reprint author), Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. EM chris.watson@unb.ca OI Danskin, Donald/0000-0002-4968-9094 FU Canadian Foundation for Innovation; New Brunswick Innovation Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX CHAIN infrastructure was funded by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the New Brunswick Innovation Foundation. CHAIN operates in collaboration with Canadian Space Agency. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada provides science funding for CHAIN. CHAIN data are available online through http://chain.physics.unb.ca. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 121 IS 2 BP 1722 EP 1735 DI 10.1002/2015JA022253 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DH7VN UT WOS:000373002100058 ER PT J AU Simon, SM Appel, JW Cho, HM Essinger-Hileman, T Irwin, KD Kusaka, A Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Parker, LP Raghunathan, S Sievers, JL Staggs, ST Visnjic, K AF Simon, S. M. Appel, J. W. Cho, H. M. Essinger-Hileman, T. Irwin, K. D. Kusaka, A. Niemack, M. D. Nolta, M. R. Page, L. A. Parker, L. P. Raghunathan, S. Sievers, J. L. Staggs, S. T. Visnjic, K. TI In Situ Time Constant and Optical Efficiency Measurements of TRUCE Pixels in the Atacama B-Mode Search (vol 176, pg 712, 2014) SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Simon, S. M.; Kusaka, A.; Page, L. A.; Parker, L. P.; Sievers, J. L.; Staggs, S. T.; Visnjic, K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Appel, J. W.; Essinger-Hileman, T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cho, H. M.; Irwin, K. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Niemack, M. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Nolta, M. R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Raghunathan, S.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile. RP Simon, SM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM smstwo@princeton.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 182 IS 3-4 BP 139 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s10909-015-1354-2 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DH9ZD UT WOS:000373153600007 ER PT J AU Lynn, BH Khain, AP Bao, JW Michelson, SA Yuan, T Kelman, G Rosenfeld, D Shpund, J Benmoshe, N AF Lynn, Barry H. Khain, Alexander P. Bao, Jian Wen Michelson, Sara A. Yuan, Tianle Kelman, Guy Rosenfeld, Daniel Shpund, Jacob Benmoshe, Nir TI The Sensitivity of Hurricane Irene to Aerosols and Ocean Coupling: Simulations with WRF Spectral Bin Microphysics SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; MODEL. PART; STRONG WIND; LANDFALLING HURRICANES; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; SPRAY FORMATION; SEA SPRAY; RESOLUTION; IMPACT AB Hurricane Irene (2011) moved northward along the eastern coast of the United States and was expected to cause severe wind and flood damage. However, the hurricane weakened much faster than was predicted. Moreover, the minimum pressure in Irene occurred, atypically, about 40 h later than the time of maximum wind speed. Possible reasons for Irene's weakening and the time shift between maximum wind and minimum central pressure were studied in simulations using WRF with spectral bin microphysics (WRF-SBM) with 1-km grid spacing and ocean coupling. Both ocean coupling and aerosol distribution/concentration were found to influence Irene's development. Without ocean coupling or with ocean coupling and uniform aerosol distribution, the simulated maximum wind occurred at about the same time as the minimum pressure. With ocean coupling and nonuniform spatial aerosol distributions caused by aerosols from the Saharan air layer (band) and the continental United States, the maximum wind occurred about 40 h before the simulated minimum pressure, in agreement with observations. Concentrations of aerosols of several hundred per cubic centimeter in the inner core were found to initially cause convection invigoration in the simulated eyewall. In contrast, a weakening effect dominated at the mature and the decaying stages, when aerosols from the band and land intensified convection at the simulated storm's periphery. Simulations made with 3-km instead of 1-km grid spacing suggest that cloud-scale processes interactions are required to correctly simulate the timing differences between maximum wind and minimum pressure. C1 [Lynn, Barry H.; Khain, Alexander P.; Rosenfeld, Daniel; Shpund, Jacob; Benmoshe, Nir] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Atmospher Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Bao, Jian Wen] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Michelson, Sara A.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yuan, Tianle] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Radiat & Climate Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kelman, Guy] Weather It Is Ltd, Efrat, Israel. RP Khain, AP (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM alexander.khain@mail.huji.ac.il RI Rosenfeld, Daniel/F-6077-2016 OI Rosenfeld, Daniel/0000-0002-0784-7656 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program, Atmospheric System Research; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program [DE-SC0006788, DE-SC0008811]; Binational United States-Israel Science Foundation [2010446] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program, Atmospheric System Research, and the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program under Grants DE-SC0006788 and DE-SC0008811, as well as by the Binational United States-Israel Science Foundation (Grant 2010446). We acknowledge the Department of Energy for granting us access to their supercomputing cluster. We would also like to thank NOAA's ESRL for providing computing for preliminary simulations studies and the NCDC for providing us with GFS reanalysis data. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 73 IS 2 BP 467 EP 486 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0150.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH8DW UT WOS:000373024700002 ER PT J AU Wulfmeyer, V Muppa, SK Behrendt, A Hammann, E Spath, F Sorbjan, Z Turner, DD Hardesty, RM AF Wulfmeyer, Volker Muppa, Shravan Kumar Behrendt, Andreas Hammann, Eva Spaeth, Florian Sorbjan, Zbigniew Turner, David D. Hardesty, R. Michael TI Determination of Convective Boundary Layer Entrainment Fluxes, Dissipation Rates, and the Molecular Destruction of Variances: Theoretical Description and a Strategy for Its Confirmation with a Novel Lidar System Synergy SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; COHERENT DOPPLER LIDAR; OPERATIONAL RAMAN LIDAR; REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; BOTTOM-UP DIFFUSION; WATER-VAPOR; DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION; VERTICAL VELOCITY; THERMODYNAMIC PROFILES; 4TH-ORDER MOMENTS AB Atmospheric variables in the convective boundary layer (CBL), which are critical for turbulence parameterizations inweather and climatemodels, are assessed. These include entrainment fluxes, higher-ordermoments of humidity, potential temperature, and vertical wind, as well as dissipation rates. Theoretical relationships between the integral scales, gradients, and higher-order moments of atmospheric variables, fluxes, and dissipation rates are developed mainly focusing on the entrainment layer (EL) at the top of the CBL. These equations form the starting point for tests of and new approaches in CBL turbulence parameterizations. For the investigation of these relationships, an observational approach using a synergy of ground-based water vapor, temperature, and wind lidar systems is proposed. These systems measure instantaneous vertical profiles with high temporal and spatial resolution throughout the CBL including the EL. The resolution of these systems permits the simultaneous measurement of gradients and fluctuations of these atmospheric variables. For accurate analyses of the gradients and the shapes of turbulence profiles, the lidar system performances are very important. It is shown that each lidar profile can be characterized very well with respect to bias and system noise and that the constant bias has negligible effect on the measurement of turbulent fluctuations. It is demonstrated how different gradient relationships can be measured and tested with the proposed lidar synergy within operational measurements or new field campaigns. Particularly, a novel approach is introduced for measuring the rate of destruction of humidity and temperature variances, which is an important component of the variance budget equations. C1 [Wulfmeyer, Volker; Muppa, Shravan Kumar; Behrendt, Andreas; Hammann, Eva; Spaeth, Florian] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Phys & Meteorol, Garbenstr 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. [Wulfmeyer, Volker] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sorbjan, Zbigniew] Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Hardesty, R. Michael] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wulfmeyer, V (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Inst Phys & Meteorol, Garbenstr 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. EM volker.wulfmeyer@uni-hohenheim.de RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Behrendt, Andreas/0000-0003-2719-4354 FU Cooperative Institute for Environmental Studies (CIRES) in Boulder, Colorado; National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) in Norman, Oklahoma; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) [DE-SC0006898] FX This work was supported by the Cooperative Institute for Environmental Studies (CIRES) in Boulder, Colorado, by a Visiting Fellow Award for the first author. Furthermore, this study was performed within the German Science Foundation (DFG) Research Unit FOR1695 "Regional Climate Change" and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) program High Definition Clouds and Precipitation (HD(CP)2). This research was also supported by the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) in Norman, Oklahoma, and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) via Grant DE-SC0006898. NR 92 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 73 IS 2 BP 667 EP 692 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0392.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH8DW UT WOS:000373024700012 ER PT J AU Cash, MD Hicks, SW Biesecker, DA Reinard, AA de Koning, CA Weimer, DR AF Cash, M. D. Hicks, S. Witters Biesecker, D. A. Reinard, A. A. de Koning, C. A. Weimer, D. R. TI Validation of an operational product to determine L1 to Earth propagation time delays SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE space weather; model validation; propagation time delays ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; DISCONTINUITIES; ORIENTATION; PREDICTION; MOTION; SHOCKS AB We describe the development and validation of an operational space weather tool to forecast propagation delay times between L1 and Earth using the Weimer and King (2008) tilted phase front technique. A simple flat plane convection delay method is currently used by the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) to propagate the solar wind from a monitoring satellite located at L1 to a point upstream of the magnetosphere. This technique assumes that all observed solar wind discontinuities, such as interplanetary shocks and interplanetary coronal mass ejection boundaries, are in a flat plane perpendicular to the Sun-Earth line traveling in the GSE X direction at the observed solar wind velocity. In reality, these phase plane fronts can have significantly tilted orientations, and by relying on a ballistic propagation method, delay time errors of 15min are common. In principle, the propagation time delay product presented here should more accurately predict L1 to Earth transit times by taking these tilted phase plane fronts into account. This algorithm, which is based on the work of Weimer and King (2008), is currently running in real time in test mode at SWPC as part of the SWPC test bed. We discuss the current algorithm performance, and via our detailed validation study, show that there is no significant difference between the two propagation methods when run in a real-time operational environment. C1 [Cash, M. D.; Reinard, A. A.; de Koning, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cash, M. D.; Biesecker, D. A.; Reinard, A. A.; de Koning, C. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Hicks, S. Witters] Principia Coll, Elsah, IL USA. [Weimer, D. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Space Sci & Engn Res, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Cash, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Cash, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. EM michele.cash@noaa.gov FU NSF REU [11507020]; University of Colorado FX S.W.H. gratefully acknowledges funding through the NSF REU grant 11507020 and the University of Colorado as part of the LASP 2015 Research Experience for Undergraduates Program in Solar and Space Physics. We thank R. Steenburgh (SWPC) for constructive comments. ACE and Wind data were obtained from the Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb: http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov). Solar wind shock information was obtained from the ACE Science Center's List of Disturbances and Transients (http://www.ssg.sr.unh.edu/mag/ace/ACElists/obs_list.html) and the Richardson and Cane list of Near-Earth Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/DATA/level3/icmetable2.htm). NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD FEB PY 2016 VL 14 IS 2 BP 93 EP 112 DI 10.1002/2015SW001321 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH9MY UT WOS:000373121400005 ER PT J AU Rastatter, L Shim, JS Kuznetsova, MM Kilcommons, LM Knipp, DJ Codrescu, M Fuller-Rowell, T Emery, B Weimer, DR Cosgrove, R Wiltberger, M Raeder, J Li, WH Toth, G Welling, D AF Rastaetter, Lutz Shim, Ja Soon Kuznetsova, Maria M. Kilcommons, Liam M. Knipp, Delores J. Codrescu, Mihail Fuller-Rowell, Tim Emery, Barbara Weimer, Daniel R. Cosgrove, Russell Wiltberger, Michael Raeder, Joachim Li, Wenhui Toth, Gabor Welling, Daniel TI GEM-CEDAR challenge: Poynting flux at DMSP and modeled Joule heat SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE GEM-CEDAR challenge; DMSP Poynting flux; data-model comparison ID IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COUPLED ELECTRODYNAMICS; MAGNETOSPHERE; SIMULATION; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; COMMUNITY; RESPONSES; EVENT; STORM AB Poynting flux into the ionosphere measures the electromagnetic energy coming from the magnetosphere. This energy flux can vary greatly between quiet times and geomagnetic active times. As part of the Geospace Environment Modeling-coupling energetics and dynamics of atmospheric regions modeling challenge, physics-based models of the 3-D ionosphere and ionospheric electrodynamics solvers of magnetosphere models that specify Joule heat and empirical models specifying Poynting flux were run for six geomagnetic storm events of varying intensity. We compared model results with Poynting flux values along the DMSP-15 satellite track computed from ion drift meter and magnetic field observations. Although being a different quantity, Joule heat can in practice be correlated to incoming Poynting flux because the energy is dissipated primarily in high latitudes where Poynting flux is being deposited. Within the physics-based model group, we find mixed results with some models overestimating Joule heat and some models agreeing better with observed Poynting flux rates as integrated over auroral passes. In contrast, empirical models tend to underestimate integrated Poynting flux values. Modeled Joule heat or Poynting flux patterns often resemble the observed Poynting flux patterns on a large scale, but amplitudes can differ by a factor of 2 or larger due to the highly localized nature of observed Poynting flux deposition that is not captured by the models. In addition, the positioning of modeled patterns appear to be randomly shifted against the observed Poynting flux energy input. This study is the first to compare Poynting flux and Joule heat in a large variety of models of the ionosphere. C1 [Rastaetter, Lutz; Shim, Ja Soon; Kuznetsova, Maria M.] NASA, Community Coordinated Modeling Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Shim, Ja Soon] Catholic Univ Amer, IACS, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Kilcommons, Liam M.; Knipp, Delores J.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knipp, Delores J.; Emery, Barbara; Wiltberger, Michael] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Codrescu, Mihail; Fuller-Rowell, Tim] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Weimer, Daniel R.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Cosgrove, Russell] SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Raeder, Joachim; Li, Wenhui] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Toth, Gabor; Welling, Daniel] Univ Michigan, Sch Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Rastatter, L (reprint author), NASA, Community Coordinated Modeling Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM Lutz.Rastaetter@nasa.gov RI Wiltberger, Michael/B-8781-2008; Toth, Gabor/B-7977-2013; OI Wiltberger, Michael/0000-0002-4844-3148; Toth, Gabor/0000-0002-5654-9823; Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147 FU NASA [NNX13AG07G]; NSF [AGS 1144154]; AFOSR [12-091, FA9550-12*0264]; National Science Foundation FX DMSP data, outputs, and time series data from all models are available at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC, http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov): Follow the "Metrics and Validation" and "GEM-CEDAR Challenge" links. In the GEM-CEDAR challenge page, the link titled " Time series plotting tool (magnetosphere)" leads to a table (http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/challenges/GEM-CEDAR/plotting_tool_mag.php) with the events and physical quantities that were studied, including Poynting flux at the DMSP (F15) satellite. Solar wind input data for the models (magnetic field and plasma parameters) were obtained from CDAWeb (http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov). AL, Kp, and Dst index data are provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism in Kyoto, Japan (http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp). D. J.K. and L.M.K. were partially supported by NASA grant NNX13AG07G. L.M.K. was also partially supported by NSF grant AGS 1144154. D.J.K. was partially supported by AFOSR award 12-091; FA9550-12*0264. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is supported by the National Science Foundation. The authors thank Art Richmond and Marc Hairston for their valuable discussions in improving the manuscript. The authors remember Kelly Ann Drake who prepared the DMSP data and got the effort started. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD FEB PY 2016 VL 14 IS 2 BP 113 EP 135 DI 10.1002/2015SW001238 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH9MY UT WOS:000373121400006 ER PT J AU Wenegrat, JO McPhaden, MJ AF Wenegrat, Jacob O. McPhaden, Michael J. TI Wind, Waves, and Fronts: Frictional Effects in a Generalized Ekman Model* SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Air-sea interaction; Fronts; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Oceanic mixed layer; Circulation/ Dynamics; Waves, oceanic; Ekman pumping/transport; Boundary layer; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena ID APPROXIMATE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NEAR-SURFACE SHEAR; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MIXED-LAYER; LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; EDDY VISCOSITY; STOKES DRIFT; SHALLOW SEA; CURRENTS AB Ocean currents in the surface boundary layer are sensitive to a variety of parameters not included in classic Ekman theory, including the vertical structure of eddy viscosity, finite boundary layer depth, baroclinic pressure gradients, and surface waves. These parameters can modify the horizontal and vertical flow in the near-surface ocean, making them of first-order significance to a wide range of phenomena of broad practical and scientific import. In this work, an approximate Green's function solution is found for a model of the frictional ocean surface boundary layer, termed the generalized Ekman (or turbulent thermal wind) balance. The solution admits consideration of general, more physically realistic forms of parameters than previously possible, offering improved physical insight into the underlying dynamics. Closed form solutions are given for the wind-driven flow in the presence of Coriolis-Stokes shear, a result of the surface wave field, and thermal wind shear, arising from a baroclinic pressure gradient, revealing the common underlying physical mechanisms through which they modify currents in the ocean boundary layer. These dynamics are further illustrated by a case study of an idealized two-dimensional front. The solutions, and estimates of the global distribution of the relative influence of surface waves and baroclinic pressure gradients on near-surface ocean currents, emphasize the broad importance of considering ocean sources of shear and physically realistic parameters in the Ekman problem. C1 [Wenegrat, Jacob O.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wenegrat, JO (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wenegrat@uw.edu RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX We thank Leah Johnson, Hayley Dosser, and Andrew Shao for many helpful discussions during the course of this work. The comments and suggestions of two anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. WaveWatch III model output is available from the IOWAGA group at http://wwz.ifremer.fr/iowaga/Products. NCEP CFSR data are available at http://rda.ucar.edu/pub/cfsr.html. NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 46 IS 2 BP 371 EP 394 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0162.1 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DH3SI UT WOS:000372706500001 ER PT J AU Lin, YC Oey, LY Wang, J Liu, KK AF Lin, Y. -C. Oey, L. -Y. Wang, J. Liu, K. -K. TI Rossby Waves and Eddies Observed at a Temperature Mooring in Northern South China Sea* SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Ocean circulation; Eddies; Rossby waves; Ocean dynamics; Mesoscale processes; Circulation/ Dynamics ID SINGULAR-VALUE DECOMPOSITION; LUZON STRAIT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; MESOSCALE EDDY; LOOP CURRENT; TIME-SERIES; OCEAN; WIND AB Annual Rossby waves in northern South China Sea had previously been studied using altimetry and model data; however, how they connect to subsurface temperature fluctuations has not been examined. This study analyzed a 22-month, surface to -500-m temperature time series at 18.3 degrees N, 115.5 degrees E, together with satellite and other data, to show the arrivals near z approximate to -300 m and deeper cool (warm) Rossby waves after their generation near the Luzon Strait in winter (summer). Temperature fluctuations with time scales of a few weeks, and with maximum anomalies near z approximate to -100 m, were also found embedded in the smooth Rossby waves and caused by propagating eddies. Eddy fluctuations and propagation past the mooring were of two types: southwestward from southwestern Taiwan, triggered by Kuroshio intrusion that produced anticyclone-cyclone pairs in late fall and winter, and eddies propagating westward from Luzon forced by annual anomalies of wind stress curl and Kuroshio path in the Luzon Strait C1 [Lin, Y. -C.; Oey, L. -Y.; Wang, J.; Liu, K. -K.] Natl Cent Univ, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Oey, L. -Y.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,114 Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM lyooey@gmail.com FU Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship; National Science Council; Ministry of Education; National Central University, Taiwan FX Dr. Yih Yang of TORI provided the SEATS data and Dr. Jia Wang (NCU) provided the code to compute KP. LYO is grateful for the award he received from the Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship. The research was in part supported by the National Science Council, the Ministry of Education, and the National Central University, Taiwan. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 46 IS 2 BP 517 EP 535 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0094.1 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DH3SN UT WOS:000372707100002 ER PT J AU Hamadani, BH Shore, A Roller, J Yoon, HW Campanelli, M AF Hamadani, Behrang H. Shore, Andrew Roller, John Yoon, Howard W. Campanelli, Mark TI Non-linearity measurements of solar cells with an LED-based combinatorial flux addition method SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE solar cell; photovoltaics; non-linearity; non-linear solar cells; photocurrent; spectral responsivity ID INTEGRATING SPHERE; SPECTRAL RESPONSE; DETECTORS; LINEARITY; ABSOLUTE AB We present a light emitting diode (LED)-based system utilizing a combinatorial flux addition method to investigate the non-linear relationship in solar cells between the output current of the cell and the incident irradiance level. The magnitude of the light flux is controlled by the supplied currents to two LEDs (or two sets of them) in a combinatorial fashion. The signals measured from the cell are arranged within a related overdetermined linear system of equations derived from an appropriately chosen Nth degree polynomial representing the relationship between the measured signals and the incident fluxes. The flux values and the polynomial coefficients are then solved for by linear least squares to obtain the best fit. The technique can be applied to any solar cell, under either monochromatic or broadband spectrum. For the unscaled solution, no reference detectors or prior calibrations of the light flux are required. However, if at least one calibrated irradiance value is known, then the entire curve can be scaled to an appropriate spectral responsivity value. Using this technique, a large number of data points can be obtained in a relatively short time scale over a large signal range. C1 [Hamadani, Behrang H.; Shore, Andrew; Roller, John] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoon, Howard W.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Campanelli, Mark] Intelligent Measurement Syst LLC, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Hamadani, BH (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM behrang.hamadani@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP 76 EP 85 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1/76 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG8KA UT WOS:000372331500019 PM 27524837 ER PT J AU Feistel, R Wielgosz, R Bell, SA Camoes, MF Cooper, JR Dexter, P Dickson, AG Fisicaro, P Harvey, AH Heinonen, M Hellmuth, O Kretzschmar, HJ Lovell-Smith, JW McDougall, TJ Pawlowicz, R Ridout, P Seitz, S Spitzer, P Stoica, D Wolf, H AF Feistel, R. Wielgosz, R. Bell, S. A. Camoes, M. F. Cooper, J. R. Dexter, P. Dickson, A. G. Fisicaro, P. Harvey, A. H. Heinonen, M. Hellmuth, O. Kretzschmar, H-J Lovell-Smith, J. W. McDougall, T. J. Pawlowicz, R. Ridout, P. Seitz, S. Spitzer, P. Stoica, D. Wolf, H. TI Metrological challenges for measurements of key climatological observables: oceanic salinity and pH, and atmospheric humidity. Part 1: overview SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Review DE seawater salinity; seawater pH; relative humidity; traceability ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS; ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; ABSOLUTE SALINITY; STANDARD SEAWATER; CLOUD FEEDBACK; LIQUID WATER; DENSITY; AIR AB Water in its three ambient phases plays the central thermodynamic role in the terrestrial climate system. Clouds control Earth's radiation balance, atmospheric water vapour is the strongest 'greenhouse' gas, and non-equilibrium relative humidity at the air-sea interface drives evaporation and latent heat export from the ocean. On climatic time scales, melting ice caps and regional deviations of the hydrological cycle result in changes of seawater salinity, which in turn may modify the global circulation of the oceans and their ability to store heat and to buffer anthropogenically produced carbon dioxide. In this paper, together with three companion articles, we examine the climatologically relevant quantities ocean salinity, seawater pH and atmospheric relative humidity, noting fundamental deficiencies in the definitions of those key observables, and their lack of secure foundation on the International System of Units, the SI. The metrological histories of those three quantities are reviewed, problems with their current definitions and measurement practices are analysed, and options for future improvements are discussed in conjunction with the recent seawater standard TEOS-10. It is concluded that the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, BIPM, in cooperation with the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, IAPWS, along with other international organizations and institutions, can make significant contributions by developing and recommending state-of-the-art solutions for these long standing metrological problems in climatology. C1 [Feistel, R.] Leibniz Inst Baltic Sea Res IOW, D-18119 Warnemunde, Germany. [Wielgosz, R.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Pavillon Breteuil, F-92312 Sevres, France. [Bell, S. A.] Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Camoes, M. F.] Univ Lisbon FCUL, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Quim Estrutural, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Cooper, J. R.] Univ London QMUL, Queen Mary, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. [Dexter, P.] Bur Meteorol ABN, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Dickson, A. G.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Fisicaro, P.; Stoica, D.] Lab Natl Metrol & Essais LNE, F-75724 Paris 15, France. [Harvey, A. H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Heinonen, M.] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland Ltd, MIKES Metrol, FI-02151 Espoo, Finland. [Hellmuth, O.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res TROPOS, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Kretzschmar, H-J] Zittau Goerlitz Univ Appl Sci HSZG, D-02763 Zittau, Germany. [Lovell-Smith, J. W.] Measurement Stand Lab MSL, POB 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [McDougall, T. J.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Pawlowicz, R.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Ridout, P.] Ocean Sci Int Ltd OSIL, Culkin House,Penner Rd, Havant PO9 1QN, England. [Seitz, S.; Spitzer, P.; Wolf, H.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Feistel, R (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Baltic Sea Res IOW, D-18119 Warnemunde, Germany. EM rainer.feistel@io-warnemuende.de FU Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR); national SCOR committees; International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS); IAPWS National Committees; European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) [ENV05]; EMRP within EURAMET; EMRP within European Union; New Zealand Government; UK National Measurement System Programme for Engineering and Flow Metrology; EMRP Joint Research Project [ENV 58 MeteoMet2] FX The authors express their gratitude to Michael Kuhne who as the Director of the BIPM organized the meetings with IAPWS representatives at the BIPM in August 2011 and February 2012 and inspired the writing of this series of review articles. They thank Nigel Higgs, OSIL, for his contributions in the early stages of this paper. Valuable suggestions were provided by our colleagues Richard Davis, Werner Ebeling, Don Gatley, Sebastian Herrmann, Joachim Pelkowski, Rod White and Christoph Zulicke. The authors also thank the journal editor and the anonymous referees for encouraging comments and constructive suggestions. Organizations financially supporting this work include the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), with funding from national SCOR committees, and the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS), with funding from IAPWS National Committees. Part of this work was supported by the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP), project ENV05. The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. Part of this work was funded by the New Zealand Government as part of a contract for the provision of national measurement standards. The contribution of NPL was funded by the UK National Measurement System Programme for Engineering and Flow Metrology, and by the EMRP Joint Research Project ENV 58 MeteoMet2. Partial contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is not subject to copyright in the US. This paper contributes to the tasks of the Joint SCOR/ IAPWS/IAPSO Committee on the Properties of Seawater (JCS). The contribution of one of the authors is covered by (C) Crown Copyright. Reproduced by permission of the controller of HMSO and the Queen's printer for Scotland. NR 136 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP R1 EP R11 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1/R1 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG8KA UT WOS:000372331500001 PM 26900179 ER PT J AU Lovell-Smith, JW Feistel, R Harvey, AH Hellmuth, O Bell, SA Heinonen, M Cooper, JR AF Lovell-Smith, J. W. Feistel, R. Harvey, A. H. Hellmuth, O. Bell, S. A. Heinonen, M. Cooper, J. R. TI Metrological challenges for measurements of key climatological observables. Part 4: atmospheric relative humidity SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Review DE relative humidity; meteorology; metrology; IAPWS; BIPM; definitions; climate ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; TOTAL HYDROGEN BUDGET; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; OCEANOGRAPHIC APPLICATION; NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION; THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS; TROPOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; OCEAN SALINITIES; ENERGY-BALANCE; LIQUID WATER AB Water in its three ambient phases plays the central thermodynamic role in the terrestrial climate system. Clouds control Earth's radiation balance, atmospheric water vapour is the strongest 'greenhouse' gas, and non-equilibrium relative humidity at the air-sea interface drives evaporation and latent heat export from the ocean. In this paper, we examine the climatologically relevant atmospheric relative humidity, noting fundamental deficiencies in the definition of this key observable. The metrological history of this quantity is reviewed, problems with its current definition and measurement practice are analysed, and options for future improvements are discussed in conjunction with the recent seawater standard TEOS-10. It is concluded that the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), in cooperation with the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS), along with other international organizations and institutions, can make significant contributions by developing and recommending state-of-the-art solutions, such as are suggested here, for what are long-standing metrological problems. C1 [Lovell-Smith, J. W.] Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand MSL, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Feistel, R.] Leibniz Inst Baltic Sea Res IOW, D-18119 Warnemunde, Germany. [Harvey, A. H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hellmuth, O.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res TROPOS, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Bell, S. A.] Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Heinonen, M.] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland Ltd, MIKES Metrol, Tekniikantie 1, FI-02151 Espoo, Finland. [Cooper, J. R.] Univ London QMUL, Queen Mary, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. RP Lovell-Smith, JW (reprint author), Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand MSL, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. EM jeremy.lovell-smith@callaghaninnovation.govt.nz FU Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR); national SCOR committees; International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS); IAPWS National Committees; New Zealand Government; UK National Measurement System Programme for Engineering and Flow Metrology; EMRP Joint Research Project [ENV 58 MeteoMet2]; EMRP within EURAMET; EMRP within European Union FX The authors express their gratitude to Michael Kuhne, who as the Director of the BIPM organized the meetings with IAPWS representatives at the BIPM in August 2011 and February 2012 and inspired the writing of this review article. Valuable suggestions were provided by our colleagues Richard Davis, Don Gatley, Sebastian Herrmann, Joachim Pelkowski, Rod White and Christoph Zulicke. The authors also thank the journal editor and the anonymous referees for encouraging comments and constructive suggestions. Organizations financially supporting this work include the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), with funding from national SCOR committees, and the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS), with funding from IAPWS National Committees. Part of this work was funded by the New Zealand Government as part of a contract for the provision of national measurement standards. The contribution of NPL was funded by the UK National Measurement System Programme for Engineering and Flow Metrology, and by the EMRP Joint Research Project ENV 58 MeteoMet2. The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. Partial contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is not subject to copyright in the US. This paper contributes to the tasks of the Joint SCOR/IAPWS/IAPSO Committee on the Properties of Seawater (JCS). The contribution of one of the authors is covered by (C) Crown copyright 2015. Reproduced by permission of the controller of HMSO and the Queen's printer for Scotland. NR 238 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP R40 EP R59 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1/R40 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG8KA UT WOS:000372331500004 PM 26877551 ER PT J AU Bodnar, O Elster, C Fischer, J Possolo, A Toman, B AF Bodnar, Olha Elster, Clemens Fischer, Joachim Possolo, Antonio Toman, Blaza TI Evaluation of uncertainty in the adjustment of fundamental constants SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE fundamental constants; meta-analysis; interlaboratory comparisons; Bayesian inference; location-scale model; random effects model ID CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; REFERENCE PRIORS; PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; INCONSISTENT DATA; PLANCK-CONSTANT; EFFECTS MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; SELECTION AB Combining multiple measurement results for the same quantity is an important task in metrology and in many other areas. Examples include the determination of fundamental constants, the calculation of reference values in interlaboratory comparisons, or the metaanalysis of clinical studies. However, neither the GUM nor its supplements give any guidance for this task. Various approaches are applied such as weighted least-squares in conjunction with the Birge ratio or random effects models. While the former approach, which is based on a location-scale model, is particularly popular in metrology, the latter represents a standard tool used in statistics for meta-analysis. We investigate the reliability and robustness of the location-scale model and the random effects model with particular focus on resulting coverage or credible intervals. The interval estimates are obtained by adopting a Bayesian point of view in conjunction with a non-informative prior that is determined by a currently favored principle for selecting non-informative priors. Both approaches are compared by applying them to simulated data as well as to data for the Planck constant and the Newtonian constant of gravitation. Our results suggest that the proposed Bayesian inference based on the random effects model is more reliable and less sensitive to model misspecifications than the approach based on the location-scale model. C1 [Bodnar, Olha; Elster, Clemens; Fischer, Joachim] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Possolo, Antonio; Toman, Blaza] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bodnar, O (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. EM olha.Bodnar@ptb.de NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP S46 EP S54 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1/S46 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG8KA UT WOS:000372331500011 ER PT J AU Possolo, A AF Possolo, Antonio TI Introducing a Simple Guide for the evaluation and expression of the uncertainty of NIST measurement results SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE measurement uncertainty; measurement model; top-down; bottom-up; measurement equation; observation equation; statistical model ID IN-MEASUREMENT AB The current guidelines for the evaluation and expression of the uncertainty of NIST measurement results were originally published in 1993 as NIST Technical Note 1297, which was last revised in 1994. NIST is now updating its principles and procedures for uncertainty evaluation to address current and emerging needs in measurement science that Technical Note 1297 could not have anticipated or contemplated when it was first conceived. Although progressive and forward-looking, this update is also conservative because it does not require that current practices for uncertainty evaluation be abandoned or modified where they are fit for purpose and when there is no compelling reason to do otherwise. The updated guidelines are offered as a Simple Guide intended to be deployed under the NIST policy on Measurement Quality, and are accompanied by a rich collection of examples of application drawn from many different fields of measurement science. C1 [Possolo, Antonio] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Possolo, A (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM antonio.possolo@nist.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP S17 EP S24 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1/S17 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG8KA UT WOS:000372331500007 ER PT J AU Toman, B Rosslein, M Elliott, JT Petersen, EJ AF Toman, Blaza Roesslein, Matthias Elliott, John T. Petersen, Elijah J. TI Estimation and uncertainty analysis of dose response in an inter-laboratory experiment SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE top down uncertainty evaluation; Bayesian MCMC; nano particles; hierarchical model AB An inter-laboratory experiment for the evaluation of toxic effects of NH2-polystyrene nanoparticles on living human cancer cells was performed with five participating laboratories. Previously published results from nanocytoxicity assays are often contradictory, mostly due to challenges related to producing a reliable cytotoxicity assay protocol for use with nanomaterials. Specific challenges include reproducibility preparing nanoparticle dispersions, biological variability from testing living cell lines, and the potential for nano-related interference effects. In this experiment, such challenges were addressed by developing a detailed experimental protocol and using a specially designed 96-well plate layout which incorporated a range of control measurements to assess multiple factors such as nanomaterial interference, pipetting accuracy, cell seeding density, and instrument performance. Detailed data analysis of these control measurements showed that good control of the experiments was attained by all participants in most cases. The main measurement objective of the study was the estimation of a dose response relationship between concentration of the nanoparticles and metabolic activity of the living cells, under several experimental conditions. The dose curve estimation was achieved by imbedding a three parameter logistic curve in a three level Bayesian hierarchical model, accounting for uncertainty due to all known experimental conditions as well as between laboratory variability in a top-down manner. Computation was performed using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. The fit of the model was evaluated using Bayesian posterior predictive probabilities and found to be satisfactory. C1 [Toman, Blaza; Elliott, John T.; Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Roesslein, Matthias] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, St Gallen, Switzerland. RP Toman, B (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM toman@nist.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP S40 EP S45 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1/S40 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG8KA UT WOS:000372331500010 ER PT J AU Alpert, AE Cohen, AL Oppo, DW DeCarlo, TM Gove, JM Young, CW AF Alpert, Alice E. Cohen, Anne L. Oppo, Delia W. DeCarlo, Thomas M. Gove, Jamison M. Young, Charles W. TI Comparison of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature variability and trends with Sr/Ca records from multiple corals SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE corals; paleoceanography; proxies ID OTOLITH REFERENCE MATERIAL; SIDERASTREA-SIDEREA; WALKER CIRCULATION; QUALITY-ASSURANCE; EL-NINO; IN-SITU; CLIMATE; RECONSTRUCTIONS; CALIBRATION; RATIOS AB Coral Sr/Ca is widely used to reconstruct past ocean temperatures. However, some studies report different Sr/Ca-temperature relationships for conspecifics on the same reef, with profound implications for interpretation of reconstructed temperatures. We assess whether these differences are attributable to small-scale oceanographic variability or vital effects associated with coral calcification and quantify the effect of intercolony differences on temperature estimates and uncertainties. Sr/Ca records from four massive Porites colonies growing on the east and west sides of Jarvis Island, central equatorial Pacific, were compared with in situ logger temperatures spanning 2002-2012. In general, Sr/Ca captured the occurrence of interannual sea surface temperature events but their amplitude was not consistently recorded by any of the corals. No long-term trend was identified in the instrumental data, yet Sr/Ca of one coral implied a statistically significant cooling trend while that of its neighbor implied a warming trend. Slopes of Sr/Ca-temperature regressions from the four different colonies were within error, but offsets in mean Sr/Ca rendered the regressions statistically distinct. Assuming that these relationships represent the full range of Sr/Ca-temperature calibrations in Jarvis Porites, we assessed how well Sr/Ca of a nonliving coral with an unknown Sr/Ca-temperature relationship can constrain past temperatures. Our results indicate that standard error of prediction methods underestimate the actual error as we could not reliably reconstruct the amplitude or frequency of El Nino-Southern Oscillation events as large as 2 degrees C. Our results underscore the importance of characterizing the full range of temperature-Sr/Ca relationships at each study site to estimate true error. C1 [Alpert, Alice E.; DeCarlo, Thomas M.] MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Joint Program Oceanog Appl Ocean Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA USA. [Alpert, Alice E.; Cohen, Anne L.; Oppo, Delia W.; DeCarlo, Thomas M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gove, Jamison M.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst & Oceanog Program, Honolulu, HI USA. [Young, Charles W.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Coral Reef Ecosyst Program, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Alpert, AE (reprint author), MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Joint Program Oceanog Appl Ocean Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA USA.; Alpert, AE (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM aalpert@whoi.edu OI Alpert, Alice/0000-0001-8981-6601 FU NSF [NSF-OCE-0926986, NSF-OCE-1031971] FX We are grateful to Pat Lohmann (WHOI) and Liz Drenkard (Rutgers) for their field assistance, the entire crew of Seadragon for getting us out to Jarvis, and to Emily Penn and Ron Ritter of Pangaea Exploration; Kathryn Pietro (WHOI) and Scot Birdwhistell (WHOI) for their lab assistance; and Andrew Solow (WHOI) and Olivier Marchal (WHOI) for their assistance with statistics and insightful discussions. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and helpful suggestions. This study was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to A. A. and by NSF-OCE-0926986 and NSF-OCE-1031971. The authors declare that they have no competing financial interest. The coral Sr/Ca data used in this paper are included in a supporting data set available online and will be archived at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/dataaccess/paleoclimatology-data/datasets. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD FEB PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 252 EP 265 DI 10.1002/2015PA002897 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA DH4AE UT WOS:000372727100003 ER PT J AU Nardin, G AF Nardin, Gael TI Multidimensional coherent optical spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures: a review SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE excitons; four-wave-mixing; Fourier transform spectroscopy; quantum well; quantum dot; biexcitons; polaritons ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; GAAS QUANTUM-WELLS; PHOTOCURRENT SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; VALLEY POLARIZATION; PHASE; EXCITONS AB Multidimensional coherent optical spectroscopy (MDCS) is an elegant and versatile tool to measure the ultrafast nonlinear optical response of materials. Of particular interest for semiconductor nanostructures, MDCS enables the separation of homogeneous and inhomogeneous linewidths, reveals the nature of coupling between resonances, and is able to identify the signatures of many-body interactions. As an extension of transient four-wave mixing (FWM) experiments, MDCS can be implemented in various geometries, in which different strategies can be used to isolate the FWM signal and measure its phase. I review and compare different practical implementations of MDCS experiments adapted to the study of semiconductor materials. The power of MDCS is illustrated by discussing experimental results obtained on semiconductor nanostructures such as quantum dots, quantum wells, microcavities, and layered semiconductors. C1 [Nardin, Gael] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nardin, Gael] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nardin, Gael] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Engn, Lab Appl Photon Devices, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Nardin, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Nardin, G (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Nardin, G (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Engn, Lab Appl Photon Devices, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM gael.nardin@a3.epfl.ch RI Nardin, Gael/F-3484-2011 OI Nardin, Gael/0000-0001-6642-0348 FU Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) FX The author would like to thank S T Cundiff and R Singh for proofreading the manuscript. The author acknowledges support by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). NR 118 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 32 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 EI 1361-6641 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 AR 023001 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/31/2/023001 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA DG9OJ UT WOS:000372412900001 ER PT J AU Downs, CA Kramarsky-Winter, E Segal, R Fauth, J Knutson, S Bronstein, O Ciner, FR Jeger, R Lichtenfeld, Y Woodley, CM Pennington, P Cadenas, K Kushmaro, A Loya, Y AF Downs, C. A. Kramarsky-Winter, Esti Segal, Roee Fauth, John Knutson, Sean Bronstein, Omri Ciner, Frederic R. Jeger, Rina Lichtenfeld, Yona Woodley, Cheryl M. Pennington, Paul Cadenas, Kelli Kushmaro, Ariel Loya, Yossi TI Toxicopathological Effects of the Sunscreen UV Filter, Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3), on Coral Planulae and Cultured Primary Cells and Its Environmental Contamination in Hawaii and the US Virgin Islands SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; SUN-BLOCKING AGENTS; IN-VITRO; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DNA-DAMAGE; RED-SEA; ANTHROPOGENIC DISTURBANCE AB Benzophenone-3 (BP-3; oxybenzone) is an ingredient in sunscreen lotions and personal-care products that protects against the damaging effects of ultraviolet light. Oxybenzone is an emerging contaminant of concern in marine environments-produced by swimmers and municipal, residential, and boat/ship wastewater discharges. We examined the effects of oxybenzone on the larval form (planula) of the coral Stylophora pistillata, as well as its toxicity in vitro to coral cells from this and six other coral species. Oxybenzone is a photo-toxicant; adverse effects are exacerbated in the light. Whether in darkness or light, oxybenzone transformed planulae from a motile state to a deformed, sessile condition. Planulae exhibited an increasing rate of coral bleaching in response to increasing concentrations of oxybenzone. Oxybenzone is a genotoxicant to corals, exhibiting a positive relationship between DNA-AP lesions and increasing oxybenzone concentrations. Oxybenzone is a skeletal endocrine disruptor; it induced ossification of the planula, encasing the entire planula in its own skeleton. The LC50 of planulae exposed to oxybenzone in the light for an 8- and 24-h exposure was 3.1 mg/L and 139 mu g/L, respectively. The LC(50)s for oxybenzone in darkness for the same time points were 16.8 mg/L and 779 mu g/L. Deformity EC20 levels (24 h) of planulae exposed to oxybenzone were 6.5 mu g/L in the light and 10 mu g/L in darkness. Coral cell LC(50)s (4 h, in the light) for 7 different coral species ranges from 8 to 340 mu g/L, whereas LC(20)s (4 h, in the light) for the same species ranges from 0.062 to 8 mu g/L. Coral reef contamination of oxybenzone in the U.S. Virgin Islands ranged from 75 mu g/L to 1.4 mg/L, whereas Hawaiian sites were contaminated between 0.8 and 19.2 mu g/L. Oxybenzone poses a hazard to coral reef conservation and threatens the resiliency of coral reefs to climate change. C1 [Downs, C. A.; Ciner, Frederic R.] Haereticus Environm Lab, POB 92, Clifford, VA 24533 USA. [Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Segal, Roee; Bronstein, Omri; Loya, Yossi] Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Jeger, Rina; Kushmaro, Ariel] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Avram & Stella Goldstein Goren Dept Biotechnol En, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Jeger, Rina; Kushmaro, Ariel] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Natl Inst Biotechnol Negev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Fauth, John] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Knutson, Sean] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lichtenfeld, Yona] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Woodley, Cheryl M.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Woodley, Cheryl M.; Pennington, Paul] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Cadenas, Kelli] Natl Aquarium, 501 East Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Downs, CA (reprint author), Haereticus Environm Lab, POB 92, Clifford, VA 24533 USA. EM cadowns@haereticus-lab.org FU Israel Science Foundation (ISF) [1169/07] FX The study in Israel was partially funded by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) No. 1169/07 to Yossi Loya. No other organization or government provided Grant-in-aid funding for this project. The authors thank Dr. Jon Martinez and Dr. Katherine Schaefer for assistance with water sampling in Oahu, Hawai'i, Ms. Maya Vizel for her assistance with the planula exposure challenges, Dr. Gideon Winters for assistance with Molecular Dynamics microplate fluorimeter, and Dr. Fuad Al-Horani for his assistance with toxicological exposures. We sincerely thank Dr. Sylvia Galloway and Mr. James H. Nicholson for their work on formatting the figures for publication. We also wish to thank the U.S. National Park Service of the U.S. Virgin Islands National Park for their assistance. We wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments in improving the manuscript. C.A. Downs thanks the unidentified Virgin Islander in Cruz Bay who gave him insight into the hypothetical cause of the ecological collapse occurring at Trunk Bay; hypothesizing that the visible "sheen" on the surface of the water produced from swimmers' sunscreen lotions was somehow impacting coral reef health. NR 148 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 51 U2 92 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 70 IS 2 BP 265 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s00244-015-0227-7 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DG4SB UT WOS:000372061700008 PM 26487337 ER PT J AU Remley, KA Wang, CMJ Williams, DF aan den Toorn, JJ Holloway, CL AF Remley, Kate A. Wang, Chih-Ming Jack Williams, Dylan F. aan den Toorn, Johannes J. Holloway, Christopher L. TI A Significance Test for Reverberation-Chamber Measurement Uncertainty in Total Radiated Power of Wireless Devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Measurement uncertainty; over-the-air (OTA) testing; reverberation chamber; wireless system ID INDEPENDENT SAMPLES; COHERENCE BANDWIDTH; DELAY SPREAD; NUMBER; MODEL; TIME AB We develop a significance test that determines whether the component of uncertainty due to the finite number of stepped mode-stirring samples or the component due to the lack of spatial uniformity dominates for a particular chamber setup and stirring sequence, as well as expressions for uncertainty for both cases. The significance test is illustrated with a measurement example comparing unloaded and loaded chambers for the measurement of a large-form-factor machine-to-machine device transmitting the wideband code-division-multiple-access (W-CDMA) protocol. Based on this example, we illustrate a method that allows users to estimate the minimum number of stepped mode-stirring samples needed to ensure that the component of uncertainty due to spatial uniformity dominates for a given chamber setup, allowing the use of a simplified expression for uncertainty. C1 [Remley, Kate A.; Wang, Chih-Ming Jack; Williams, Dylan F.; aan den Toorn, Johannes J.; Holloway, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [aan den Toorn, Johannes J.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands. [aan den Toorn, Johannes J.] Avular BV, NL-5611 BD Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Remley, KA; Wang, CMJ; Williams, DF; aan den Toorn, JJ; Holloway, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; aan den Toorn, JJ (reprint author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands.; aan den Toorn, JJ (reprint author), Avular BV, NL-5611 BD Eindhoven, Netherlands. EM kate.remley@nist.gov; chih-ming.wang@nist.gov; dylan@boulder.nist.gov; jooptoorn@gmail.com; holloway@boulder.nist.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 EI 1558-187X J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 58 IS 1 BP 207 EP 219 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2015.2481891 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DG3ZJ UT WOS:000372009400024 ER PT J AU Becker, EA Forney, KA Fiedler, PC Barlow, J Chivers, SJ Edwards, CA Moore, AM Redfern, JV AF Becker, Elizabeth A. Forney, Karin A. Fiedler, Paul C. Barlow, Jay Chivers, Susan J. Edwards, Christopher A. Moore, Andrew M. Redfern, Jessica V. TI Moving Towards Dynamic Ocean Management: How Well Do Modeled Ocean Products Predict Species Distributions? SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE abundance; California Current Ecosystem; cetaceans; dynamic ocean management; generalized additive model; habitat-based density model; remote sensing; ROMS; species distribution model ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; DATA ASSIMILATION; SPATIAL MANAGEMENT; LONGLINE FISHERY; HABITAT MODEL; CETACEAN ABUNDANCE AB Species distribution models are now widely used in conservation and management to predict suitable habitat for protected marine species. The primary sources of dynamic habitat data have been in situ and remotely sensed oceanic variables (both are considered measured data), but now ocean models can provide historical estimates and forecast predictions of relevant habitat variables such as temperature, salinity, and mixed layer depth. To assess the performance of modeled ocean data in species distribution models, we present a case study for cetaceans that compares models based on output from a data assimilative implementation of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to those based on measured data. Specifically, we used seven years of cetacean line-transect survey data collected between 1991 and 2009 to develop predictive habitat-based models of cetacean density for 11 species in the California Current Ecosystem. Two different generalized additive models were compared: one built with a full suite of ROMS output and another built with a full suite of measured data. Model performance was assessed using the percentage of explained deviance, root mean squared error (RMSE), observed to predicted density ratios, and visual inspection of predicted and observed distributions. Predicted distribution patterns were similar for models using ROMS output and measured data, and showed good concordance between observed sightings and model predictions. Quantitative measures of predictive ability were also similar between model types, and RMSE values were almost identical. The overall demonstrated success of the ROMS-based models opens new opportunities for dynamic species management and biodiversity monitoring because ROMS output is available in near real time and can be forecast. C1 [Becker, Elizabeth A.; Forney, Karin A.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Becker, Elizabeth A.] ManTech Int Corp, 420 Stevens Ave, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. [Fiedler, Paul C.; Barlow, Jay; Chivers, Susan J.; Redfern, Jessica V.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Edwards, Christopher A.; Moore, Andrew M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Becker, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM EBecker77@cox.net; karin.forney@noaa.gov; paul.fiedler@noaa.gov; jay.barlow@noaa.gov; susan.chivers@noaa.gov; cedwards@ucsc.edu; ammoore@ucsc.edu; jessica.redfern@noaa.gov FU Navy, U.S. Pacific Fleet; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC); NSF [OCE-1061434] FX This project was funded by the Navy, Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC). AMM and CAE gratefully acknowledge the support of NSF (OCE-1061434) which contributed to this manuscript. We thank Chip Johnson, Julie Rivers (U.S. Pacific Fleet, U.S. Navy) and Sean Hanser (Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific, U.S. Navy) for providing us with the opportunity to update the California Current habitat-based density models. The marine mammal survey data and in situ oceanographic data used in this study were collected by a large dedicated team at SWFSC, and we thank the cruise leaders, marine mammal observers, oceanographers, survey coordinators, ship's crew, and officers who have contributed to collecting these data. Chief Scientists for the ship surveys included Tim Gerrodette and three of the co-authors (JB, SJC, and KAF). We thank the NOAA Environmental Research Division ERDDAP team, especially Roy Mendelssohn for his assistance with the remotely sensed data acquisition. Our project benefited greatly from our close collaboration with Jason Roberts and Laura Mannocci at Duke University, and Dave Miller at the Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling (CREEM). This manuscript was improved by the helpful reviews of Anita Gilles, Leigh Torres, and two anonymous reviewers. We dedicate this study to the memory of our friend and colleague Dave Foley, who taught us so much and from whom we wished we could learn so much more. NR 90 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 23 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR 149 DI 10.3390/rs8020149 PG 26 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LO UT WOS:000371898800052 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JM Heron, SF Eakin, CM Donahue, MJ AF Caldwell, Jamie M. Heron, Scott F. Eakin, C. Mark Donahue, Megan J. TI Satellite SST-Based Coral Disease Outbreak Predictions for the Hawaiian Archipelago SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE disease outbreaks; corals; SST metrics; cold snaps; hot snaps; winter condition; MPSA; boosted regression trees; Hawaiian archipelago; models ID WHITE SYNDROME; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; PATHOGEN; ISLANDS; SEASONALITY; MANAGEMENT; RESISTANCE AB Predicting wildlife disease risk is essential for effective monitoring and management, especially for geographically expansive ecosystems such as coral reefs in the Hawaiian archipelago. Warming ocean temperature has increased coral disease outbreaks contributing to declines in coral cover worldwide. In this study we investigated seasonal effects of thermal stress on the prevalence of the three most widespread coral diseases in Hawai'i: Montipora white syndrome, Porites growth anomalies and Porites tissue loss syndrome. To predict outbreak likelihood we compared disease prevalence from surveys conducted between 2004 and 2015 from 18 Hawaiian Islands and atolls with biotic (e.g., coral density) and abiotic (satellite-derived sea surface temperature metrics) variables using boosted regression trees. To date, the only coral disease forecast models available were developed for Acropora white syndrome on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Given the complexities of disease etiology, differences in host demography and environmental conditions across reef regions, it is important to refine and adapt such models for different diseases and geographic regions of interest. Similar to the Acropora white syndrome models, anomalously warm conditions were important for predicting Montipora white syndrome, possibly due to a relationship between thermal stress and a compromised host immune system. However, coral density and winter conditions were the most important predictors of all three coral diseases in this study, enabling development of a forecasting system that can predict regions of elevated disease risk up to six months before an expected outbreak. Our research indicates satellite-derived systems for forecasting disease outbreaks can be appropriately adapted from the GBR tools and applied for a variety of diseases in a new region. These models can be used to enhance management capacity to prepare for and respond to emerging coral diseases throughout Hawai'i and can be modified for other diseases and regions around the world. C1 [Caldwell, Jamie M.; Donahue, Megan J.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kane Ohe, HI 96744 USA. [Heron, Scott F.; Eakin, C. Mark] NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Marine Geophys Lab, Dept Phys, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Caldwell, JM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kane Ohe, HI 96744 USA. EM donahuem@hawaii.edu; scott.heron@noaa.gov; mark.eakin@noaa.gov; jsziklay@hawaii.edu RI Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011 FU NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; Charles H. and Margaret B. Edmondson Research Fund FX This research was funded by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (Jamie M. Caldwell, Megan J. Donahue), the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (Scott F. Heron, C. Mark Eakin) and the Charles H. and Margaret B. Edmondson Research Fund (Jamie M. Caldwell). We thank Greta Aeby, John Burns, Courtney Couch, Jean Kenyon, Megan Ross, Chris Runyon, Bill Walsh, Maya Walton, Darla White, Gareth Williams and NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division for use of their survey data. We thank Courtney Couch for feedback on early drafts of the manuscript and Mary Donavan and Nyssa Silbiger for stimulating discussions about model analysis. The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 13 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR 93 DI 10.3390/rs8020093 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LO UT WOS:000371898800046 ER PT J AU Datla, R Shao, X Cao, CY Wu, XQ AF Datla, Raju Shao, Xi Cao, Changyong Wu, Xiangqian TI Comparison of the Calibration Algorithms and SI Traceability of MODIS, VIIRS, GOES, and GOES-R ABI Sensors SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review DE remote sensing; calibration algorithm; calibration equations; SI traceability; LEO and GEO optical sensors ID BASE-LINE IMAGER; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; SOLAR; IRRADIANCE AB The radiometric calibration equations for the thermal emissive bands (TEB) and the reflective solar bands (RSB) measurements of the earth scenes by the polar satellite sensors, (Terra and Aqua) MODIS and Suomi NPP (VIIRS), and geostationary sensors, GOES Imager and the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) are analyzed towards calibration algorithm harmonization on the basis of SI traceability which is one of the goals of the NOAA National Calibration Center (NCC). One of the overarching goals of NCC is to provide knowledge base on the NOAA operational satellite sensors and recommend best practices for achieving SI traceability for the radiance measurements on-orbit. As such, the calibration methodologies of these satellite optical sensors are reviewed in light of the recommended practice for radiometric calibration at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The equivalence of some of the spectral bands in these sensors for their end products is presented. The operational and calibration features of the sensors for on-orbit observation of radiance are also compared in tabular form. This review is also to serve as a quick cross reference to researchers and analysts on how the observed signals from these sensors in space are converted to radiances. C1 [Datla, Raju; Shao, Xi] ERT Inc, NOAA Affiliate, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cao, Changyong; Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20737 USA. RP Datla, R (reprint author), ERT Inc, NOAA Affiliate, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM raju.datla@noaa.gov; xi.shao@noaa.gov; changyong.cao@noaa.gov; Xiangqian.wu@noaa.gov RI Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR 126 DI 10.3390/rs8020126 PG 26 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LO UT WOS:000371898800006 ER PT J AU Hedley, JD Roelfsema, CM Chollett, I Harborne, AR Heron, SF Weeks, SJ Skirving, WJ Strong, AE Eakin, CM Christensen, TRL Ticzon, V Bejarano, S Mumby, PJ AF Hedley, John D. Roelfsema, Chris M. Chollett, Iliana Harborne, Alastair R. Heron, Scott F. Weeks, Scarla J. Skirving, William J. Strong, Alan E. Eakin, C. Mark Christensen, Tyler R. L. Ticzon, Victor Bejarano, Sonia Mumby, Peter J. TI Remote Sensing of Coral Reefs for Monitoring and Management: A Review SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review DE coral reef; management; monitoring; habitat; physical environment; review ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; FISH SPECIES RICHNESS; LANDSAT TM IMAGERY; TROPICAL COASTAL RESOURCES; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WATER COLUMN CORRECTION; BISCAYNE NATIONAL-PARK; CO2 PARTIAL-PRESSURE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Coral reefs are in decline worldwide and monitoring activities are important for assessing the impact of disturbance on reefs and tracking subsequent recovery or decline. Monitoring by field surveys provides accurate data but at highly localised scales and so is not cost-effective for reef scale monitoring at frequent time points. Remote sensing from satellites is an alternative and complementary approach. While remote sensing cannot provide the level of detail and accuracy at a single point than a field survey, the statistical power for inferring large scale patterns benefits in having complete areal coverage. This review considers the state of the art of coral reef remote sensing for the diverse range of objectives relevant for management, ranging from the composition of the reef: physical extent, benthic cover, bathymetry, rugosity; to environmental parameters: sea surface temperature, exposure, light, carbonate chemistry. In addition to updating previous reviews, here we also consider the capability to go beyond basic maps of habitats or environmental variables, to discuss concepts highly relevant to stakeholders, policy makers and public communication: such as biodiversity, environmental threat and ecosystem services. A clear conclusion of the review is that advances in both sensor technology and processing algorithms continue to drive forward remote sensing capability for coral reef mapping, particularly with respect to spatial resolution of maps, and synthesis across multiple data products. Both trends can be expected to continue. C1 [Hedley, John D.] Environm Comp Sci Ltd, Raymond Penny House, Tiverton EX16 6LR, Devon, England. [Roelfsema, Chris M.] Univ Queensland, Remote Sensing Res Ctr, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Chollett, Iliana] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Harborne, Alastair R.; Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Harborne, Alastair R.; Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Harborne, Alastair R.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 3000 Northeast 151 St, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Heron, Scott F.; Skirving, William J.; Strong, Alan E.; Eakin, C. Mark; Christensen, Tyler R. L.] NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heron, Scott F.; Skirving, William J.; Strong, Alan E.; Christensen, Tyler R. L.] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Weeks, Scarla J.] Univ Queensland, Biophys Oceanog Grp, Remote Sensing Res Ctr, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Ticzon, Victor] Univ Philippines, Inst Biol Sci, Coll Arts & Sci, Los Banos Coll, Laguna 4031, Philippines. [Bejarano, Sonia] Leibniz Ctr Trop Marine Ecol, Fahrenheitstr 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Hedley, JD (reprint author), Environm Comp Sci Ltd, Raymond Penny House, Tiverton EX16 6LR, Devon, England. EM j.d.hedley@envirocs.com; c.roelfsema@uq.edu.au; iliana.chollett@gmail.com; a.harborne@uq.edu.au; scott.heron@noaa.gov; s.weeks@uq.edu.au; william.skirving@noaa.gov; alan.e.strong@noaa.gov; mark.eakin@noaa.gov; trlchristensen@gmail.com; vsticzon@up.edu.ph; sonia.bejarano@leibniz-zmt.de; p.j.mumby@uq.edu.au RI Harborne, Alastair/F-6155-2013; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; Skirving, William/E-7927-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; Bejarano, Sonia/S-7784-2016 OI Harborne, Alastair/0000-0002-6818-8615; Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427; Bejarano, Sonia/0000-0001-6451-6354 FU Summit Foundation; Natural Environment Research Council, UK [NE/F015704/1]; Australian Research Council [DE120102459] FX This paper was initiated as part of the World Bank/GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research and Capacity Building Program. The authors thank Andy Hooten and Marea Hatziolos for making this collaboration possible. I. Chollett is funded by the Summit Foundation and this is manuscript contribution number 1021 from the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Florida. A. Harborne was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, UK (fellowship NE/F015704/1) and the Australian Research Council (fellowship DE120102459). The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 301 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 25 U2 58 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR 118 DI 10.3390/rs8020118 PG 40 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LO UT WOS:000371898800067 ER PT J AU Lee, S Cao, CY AF Lee, Shihyan Cao, Changyong TI Suomi NPP VIIRS Day/Night Band Stray Light Characterization and Correction Using Calibration View Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; nighttime lights; Day; Night Band; VIS; NIR; VIIRS; on-orbit calibration; stray light; moon ID URBAN LAND-USE; CITY LIGHTS; IMPACT AB The Soumi NPP VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) nighttime imagery quality is affected by stray light contamination. In this study, we examined the relationship between the Earth scene stray light and the signals in VIIRS's calibrators to better understand stray light characteristics and to improve upon the current correction method. Our analyses showed the calibrator signal to be highly predictive of Earth scene stray light and can provide additional stray light characteristics that are difficult to obtain from Earth scene data alone. In the current stray light correction regions (mid-to-high latitude), the stray light onset angles can be tracked by calibration view data to reduce correction biases. In the southern hemisphere, it is possible to identify the angular extent of the additional stray light feature in the calibration view data and develop a revised correction method to remove the additional stray light occurring during the southern hemisphere springtime. Outside of current stray light correction region, the analysis of calibration view data indicated occasional stray light contamination at low latitude and possible background biases caused by Moon illumination. As stray light affects a significant portion of nighttime scenes, further refinement in characterization and correction is important to ensure VIIRS DNB imagery quality for Soumi NPP and future missions. C1 [Lee, Shihyan] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 616, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lee, Shihyan] ERT Corp, Laurel, MD 20740 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20737 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 616, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Lee, S (reprint author), ERT Corp, Laurel, MD 20740 USA. EM shihyanlee@yahoo.com; changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 14 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR UNSP 138 DI 10.3390/rs8020138 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LO UT WOS:000371898800016 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Cao, CY AF Wang, Zhuo Cao, Changyong TI Assessing the Effects of Suomi NPP VIIRS M15/M16 Detector Radiometric Stability and Relative Spectral Response Variation on Striping SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Suomi NPP; VIIRS; striping; LBLRTM; detector level Relative Spectral Response (RSR); striping index; atmospheric dependency; noise; stability ID WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATURE; IMAGERY; MODEL AB Modern satellite radiometers have many detectors with different relative spectral response (RSR). Effect of RSR differences on striping and the root cause of striping in sensor data record (SDR) radiance and brightness temperature products have not been well studied. A previous study used MODTRAN radiative transfer model (RTM) to analyze striping. In this study, we make efforts to find the possible root causes of striping. Line-by-Line RTM (LBLRTM) is used to evaluate the effect of RSR difference on striping and the atmospheric dependency for VIIRS bands M15 and M16. The results show that previous study using MODTRAN is repeatable: the striping is related to the difference between band-averaged and detector-level RSR, and the BT difference has some atmospheric dependency. We also analyzed VIIRS earth view (EV) data with several striping index methods. Since the EV data is complex, we further analyze the onboard calibration data. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test shows that the noise along track direction is the major reason for striping. We also found evidence of correlation between solar diffuser (SD) and blackbody (BB) for detector 1 in M15. Digital Count Restoration (DCR) and detector instability are possibly related to the striping in SD and EV data, but further analysis is needed. These findings can potentially lead to further SDR processing improvements. C1 [Wang, Zhuo] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001,Room 3045,M Sq, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, STAR Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NCWCP, E-RA2,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001,Room 3045,M Sq, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Zhuo.Wang@noaa.gov; changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR 145 DI 10.3390/rs8020145 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LR UT WOS:000371899100001 ER PT J AU Zhou, LH Divakarla, M Liu, XP AF Zhou, Lihang Divakarla, Murty Liu, Xingpin TI An Overview of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Science Data Product Calibration and Validation SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE JPSS; S-NPP; calibration; validation; AIT; AMP; NJO; IDPS; NDE; JSTAR; L1RDS ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; COASTAL WATERS; VIIRS AB The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) will launch its first JPSS-1 satellite in early 2017. The JPSS-1 and follow-on satellites will carry aboard an array of instruments including the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), and the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS). These instruments are similar to the instruments currently operating on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite. In preparation for the JPSS-1 launch, the JPSS program at the Center for Satellite Applications and Research (JSTAR) Calibration/Validation (Cal/Val) teams, have laid out the Cal/Val plans to oversee JPSS-1 science products' algorithm development efforts, verification and characterization of these algorithms during the pre-launch period, calibration and validation of the products during post-launch, and long-term science maintenance (LTSM). In addition, the team has developed the necessary schedules, deliverables and infrastructure for routing JPSS-1 science product algorithms for operational implementation. This paper presents an overview of these efforts. In addition, this paper will provide insight into the processes of both adapting S-NPP science products for JPSS-1 and performing upgrades for enterprise solutions, and will discuss Cal/Val processes and quality assurance procedures. C1 [Zhou, Lihang] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Divakarla, Murty; Liu, Xingpin] IM Syst Grp Inc, 3206 Tower Oaks Blvd,Suite 300, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Zhou, LH (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Lihang.Zhou@noaa.gov; Murty.Divakarla@noaa.gov; Xingpin.Liu@noaa.gov RI Zhou, Lihang/E-7938-2011 OI Zhou, Lihang/0000-0001-6232-2871 FU NOAA JPSS Office (NJO) FX The work of JSTAR program is funded by NOAA JPSS Office (NJO). This paper describes the collective work of government industry and academic teams over the course of many years. The authors would like to acknowledge the hard work and dedication of all contributing individual companies and organizations. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR 139 DI 10.3390/rs8020139 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LO UT WOS:000371898800015 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Wang, DD Liang, SL Yu, YY He, T AF Zhou, Yuan Wang, Dongdong Liang, Shunlin Yu, Yunyue He, Tao TI Assessment of the Suomi NPP VIIRS Land Surface Albedo Data Using Station Measurements and High -Resolution Albedo Maps SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE albedo; Suomi NPP; VIIRS; Landsat; accuracy assessment ID BROAD-BAND ALBEDO; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; MODIS DATA; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; FEEDBACKS; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; FORESTS; SPACE AB Land surface albedo (LSA), one of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) environmental data records (EDRs), is a fundamental component for linking the land surface and the climate system by regulating shortwave energy exchange between the land and the atmosphere. Currently, the improved bright pixel sub-algorithm (BPSA) is a unique algorithm employed by VIIRS to routinely generate LSA EDR from VIIRS top-of-atmosphere (TOA) observations. As a product validation procedure, LSA EDR reached validated (V1 stage) maturity in December 2014. This study summarizes recent progress in algorithm refinement, and presents comprehensive validation and evaluation results of VIIRS LSA by using extensive field measurements, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) albedo product, and Landsat-retrieved albedo maps. Results indicate that: (1) by testing the updated desert-specific look-up-table (LUT) that uses a stricter standard to select the training data specific for desert aerosol type in our local environment, it is found that the VIIRS LSA retrieval accuracy is improved over a desert surface and the absolute root mean square error (RMSE) is reduced from 0.036 to 0.023, suggesting the potential of the updated desert LUT to the improve the VIIRS LSA product accuracy; (2) LSA retrieval on snow-covered surfaces is more accurate if the newly developed snow-specific LUT (RMSE = 0.082) replaces the generic LUT (RMSE = 0.093) that is employed in the current operational LSA EDR production; (3) VIIRS LSA is also comparable to high-resolution Landsat albedo retrieval (RMSE < 0.04), although Landsat albedo has a slightly higher accuracy, probably owing to higher spatial resolution with less impacts of mixed pixel; (4) VIIRS LSA retrievals agree well with the MODIS albedo product over various land surface types, with overall RMSE of lower than 0.05 and the overall bias as low as 0.025, demonstrating the comparable data quality between VIIRS and the MODIS LSA product. C1 [Zhou, Yuan; Wang, Dongdong; Liang, Shunlin; He, Tao] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liang, Shunlin] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Zhou, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM yzhou128@umd.edu; ddwang@umd.edu; sliang@umd.edu; yunyue.yu@noaa.gov; taohers@gmail.com RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010; Wang, Dongdong/M-1969-2014; He, Tao/H-5130-2012; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015 OI Wang, Dongdong/0000-0002-2076-576X; He, Tao/0000-0003-2079-7988; FU JPSS ground segment Data and Product Algorithm team FX We thank the SURFRAD, BSRN, GC-Net, and Ameri-flux network for providing the field measurements of flux variables. This study is supported from the JPSS ground segment Data and Product Algorithm team. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 18 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR 137 DI 10.3390/rs8020137 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LO UT WOS:000371898800017 ER PT J AU Brown, ME Wooldridge, C AF Brown, Molly E. Wooldridge, Charles TI IDENTIFYING AND QUANTIFYING BENEFITS OF METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS) provides an international forum for the exchange of technical information on geostationary and polar-orbiting meteorological satellite systems. In 2013, the CMGS established the Socioeconomic Benefits Tiger Team (SETT) to develop a credible methodology and common terminology for articulating the socioeconomic benefits of satellite observing systems, and to explore the most effective ways to communicate the benefits to decision makers and stakeholders. As part of its first years' activities, the SETT gathered examples of socioeconomic studies across all member organizations. This article describes key elements of these studies, and identified eight key themes that are presented. We welcome additional collaborations to identify opportunities to incorporate socioeconomic best practices, integrate these into additional or subsequent phases of work on new instruments and satellites, and develop recommendations for the way forward for the broader meteorological community. C1 [Brown, Molly E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 Samuel J LeFrak Hall,7251 Preinkert Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wooldridge, Charles] NOAA, Satellite & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 Samuel J LeFrak Hall,7251 Preinkert Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mbrown52@umd.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 97 IS 2 BP 182 EP 185 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00224.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DG1VC UT WOS:000371854600001 ER PT J AU Chen, S Gourley, JJ Hong, Y Cao, Q Carr, N Kirstetter, PE Zhang, J Flamig, Z AF Chen, Sheng Gourley, Jonathan J. Hong, Yang Cao, Qing Carr, Nicholas Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Zhang, Jian Flamig, Zac TI Using Citizen Science Reports to Evaluate Estimates of Surface Precipitation Type SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID QPE AB In meteorological investigations, the reference variable or ground truth typically comes from an instrument. This study uses human observations of surface precipitation types to evaluate the same variables that are estimated from an automated algorithm. The NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory's Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system relies primarily on observations from the Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) network and model analyses from the Earth System Research Laboratory's Rapid Refresh (RAP) system. Each hour, MRMS yields quantitative precipitation estimates and surface precipitation types as rain or snow. To date, the surface precipitation type product has received little attention beyond case studies. This study uses precipitation type reports collected by citizen scientists who have contributed observations to the meteorological Phenomena Identification Near the Ground (mPING) project. Citizen scientist reports of rain and snow during the winter season from 19 December 2012 to 30 April 2013 across the United States are compared to the MRMS precipitation type products. Results show that while the mPING reports have a limited spatial distribution (they are concentrated in urban areas), they yield similar critical success indexes of MRMS precipitation types in different cities. The remaining disagreement is attributed to an MRMS algorithmic deficiency of yielding too much rain, as opposed to biases in the mPING reports. The study also shows reduced detectability of snow compared to rain, which is attributed to lack of sensitivity at S band and the shallow nature of winter storms. Some suggestions are provided for improving the MRMS precipitation type algorithm based on these findings. C1 [Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang; Carr, Nicholas] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang; Carr, Nicholas] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cao, Qing] Enterprise Elect Corp, Res & Innovat, Enterprise, AL USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Zhang, Jian; Flamig, Zac] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Flamig, Zac] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU HyDROS Lab at the University of Oklahoma; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227] FX This work was partially supported by HyDROS Lab at the University of Oklahoma. Partial funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 97 IS 2 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00247.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DG1VD UT WOS:000371854700001 ER PT J AU Greenwald, TJ Pierce, RB Schaack, T Otkin, J Rogal, M Bah, K Lenzen, A Nelson, J Li, J Huang, HL AF Greenwald, Thomas J. Pierce, R. Bradley Schaack, Todd Otkin, Jason Rogal, Marek Bah, Kaba Lenzen, Allen Nelson, Jim Li, Jun Huang, Hung-Lung TI REAL-TIME SIMULATION OF THE GOES-R ABI FOR USER READINESS AND PRODUCT EVALUATION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BASE-LINE IMAGER; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; WRF MODEL; CONVECTION; PARAMETERIZATION; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; FORECASTS; AIRCRAFT; ACCURACY AB In support of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R series (GOES-R) program, the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison is generating high quality simulated Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) radiances and derived products in real time over the continental United States. These data are mainly used for testing data-handling systems, evaluating ABI-derived products, and providing training material for forecasters participating in GOES-R Proving Ground test bed activities. The modeling system used to generate these datasets consists of advanced regional and global numerical weather prediction models in addition to state-of-the-art radiative transfer models, retrieval algorithms, and land surface datasets. The system and its generated products are evaluated for the 2014 Pacific Northwest wildfires; the 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, tornado; and Hurricane Sandy. Simulated aerosol optical depth over the Front Range of Colorado during the Pacific Northwest wildfires was validated using high-density Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements. The aerosol, cloud, and meteorological modeling system used to generate ABI radiances was found to capture the transport of smoke from the Pacific wildfires into the Front Range of Colorado and true-color imagery created from these simulated radiances provided visualization of the smoke plumes. Evaluation of selected simulated ABI-derived products for the Moore tornado and Hurricane Sandy cases was done using real-time GOES sounder/imager products produced at CIMSS. Results show that simulated ABI moisture and atmospheric stability products, cloud products, and red-green-blue (RGB) airmass composite imagery are well suited as proxy ABI data for user preparedness. C1 [Greenwald, Thomas J.; Schaack, Todd; Otkin, Jason; Rogal, Marek; Bah, Kaba; Lenzen, Allen; Nelson, Jim; Li, Jun; Huang, Hung-Lung] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. RP Greenwald, TJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tomg@ssec.wisc.edu RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627 FU GOES-R program through NOAA [NA10NES4400013]; NASA; National Science Foundation [OCI-1053575, ATM060029] FX Support was provided by the GOES-R program through NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10NES4400013. We wish to thank Graeme Martin for his programming efforts and Brent Holben at NASA for providing the DISCOVER-AQ DRAGON data. We also acknowledge NOAA/NESDIS for providing time on the S4 supercomputer to run the WRF-Chem model and CRTM as part of our real-time system. Special thanks are given to the National Science Foundation-supported TeraGrid and Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) supercomputing networks for providing computing resources (under Grants OCI-1053575 and ATM060029) to perform high-resolution model simulations during the early years of the project. We also recognize three anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve the manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 97 IS 2 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00007.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DG1VL UT WOS:000371855500001 ER PT J AU Luterbacher, J Werner, JP Smerdon, JE Fernandez-Donado, L Gonzalez-Rouco, FJ Barriopedro, D Ljungqvist, FC Buntgen, U Zorita, E Wagner, S Esper, J McCarroll, D Toreti, A Frank, D Jungclaus, JH Barriendos, M Bertolin, C Bothe, O Brazdil, R Camuffo, D Dobrovolny, P Gagen, M Garica-Bustamante, E Ge, Q Gomez-Navarro, JJ Guiot, J Hao, Z Hegerl, GC Holmgren, K Klimenko, VV Martin-Chivelet, J Pfister, C Roberts, N Schindler, A Schurer, A Solomina, O von Gunten, L Wahl, E Wanner, H Wetter, O Xoplaki, E Yuan, N Zanchettin, D Zhang, H Zerefos, C AF Luterbacher, J. Werner, J. P. Smerdon, J. E. Fernandez-Donado, L. Gonzalez-Rouco, F. J. Barriopedro, D. Ljungqvist, F. C. Buentgen, U. Zorita, E. Wagner, S. Esper, J. McCarroll, D. Toreti, A. Frank, D. Jungclaus, J. H. Barriendos, M. Bertolin, C. Bothe, O. Brazdil, R. Camuffo, D. Dobrovolny, P. Gagen, M. Garica-Bustamante, E. Ge, Q. Gomez-Navarro, J. J. Guiot, J. Hao, Z. Hegerl, G. C. Holmgren, K. Klimenko, V. V. Martin-Chivelet, J. Pfister, C. Roberts, N. Schindler, A. Schurer, A. Solomina, O. von Gunten, L. Wahl, E. Wanner, H. Wetter, O. Xoplaki, E. Yuan, N. Zanchettin, D. Zhang, H. Zerefos, C. TI European summer temperatures since Roman times SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Common Era; heat waves; paleoclimatology; Bayesian hierarchical modelling; European summer temperature reconstruction; ensemble of climate model simulations; Medieval Climate Anomaly ID RECONSTRUCTING CLIMATE ANOMALIES; HIGH-RESOLUTION PALEOCLIMATOLOGY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE TEMPERATURE; TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES; LAST 1000 YEARS; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; FORCING RECONSTRUCTIONS; BAYESIAN ALGORITHM; PMIP SIMULATIONS; PAST MILLENNIUM AB The spatial context is criticalwhen assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a long-term perspective. Recent international initiatives have expanded the number of high-quality proxy-records and developed new statistical reconstruction methods. These advances allow more rigorous regional past temperature reconstructions and, in turn, the possibility of evaluating climate models on policy-relevant, spatiotemporal scales. Here we provide a new proxy-based, annually-resolved, spatial reconstruction of the European summer (June-August) temperature fields back to 755 CE based on Bayesian hierarchical modelling (BHM), together with estimates of the European mean temperature variation since 138 BCE based on BHM and composite-plus-scaling (CPS). Our reconstructions compare well with independent instrumental and proxy-based temperature estimates, but suggest a larger amplitude in summer temperature variability than previously reported. Both CPS and BHM reconstructions indicate that the mean 20th century European summer temperature was not significantly different from some earlier centuries, including the 1st, 2nd, 8th and 10th centuries CE. The 1st century (in BHM also the 10th century) may even have been slightly warmer than the 20th century, but the difference is not statistically significant. Comparing each 50 yr period with the 1951-2000 period reveals a similar pattern. Recent summers, however, have been unusually warm in the context of the last two millennia and there are no 30 yr periods in either reconstruction that exceed the mean average European summer temperature of the last 3 decades (1986-2015 CE). A comparison with an ensemble of climate model simulations suggests that the reconstructed European summer temperature variability over the period 850-2000 CE reflects changes in both internal variability and external forcing on multi-decadal time-scales. For pan-European temperatures we find slightly better agreement between the reconstruction and the model simulations with high-end estimates for total solar irradiance. Temperature differences between the medieval period, the recent period and the Little Ice Age are larger in the reconstructions than the simulations. This may indicate inflated variability of the reconstructions, a lack of sensitivity and processes to changes in external forcing on the simulated European climate and/or an underestimation of internal variability on centennial and longer time scales. C1 [Luterbacher, J.; Xoplaki, E.; Yuan, N.; Zhang, H.] Univ Giessen, Dept Geog Climatol Climate Dynam & Climate Change, Senckenbergstr 1, D-35930 Giessen, Germany. [Werner, J. P.] Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, Allegt 41, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Werner, J. P.] Univ Bergen, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Allegt 41, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Smerdon, J. E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Fernandez-Donado, L.; Gonzalez-Rouco, F. J.; Barriopedro, D.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Inst Geociencias IGEO, Ctr Super Invest Cientif, Ciudad Univ, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Ljungqvist, F. C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Hist, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ljungqvist, F. C.] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Buentgen, U.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Zorita, E.; Wagner, S.] Inst Coastal Res, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Esper, J.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Dept Geog, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [McCarroll, D.] Swansea Univ, Dept Geog, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Toreti, A.] Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Jungclaus, J. H.; Bothe, O.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Barriendos, M.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Modern Hist, Montalegre 6, E-08001 Barcelona, Spain. [Bertolin, C.; Camuffo, D.] Natl Res Council Italy CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate ISAC, Padua, Italy. [Bertolin, C.] Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Architectural Design Hist & Technol, Res Ctr Zero Emiss Bldg, Trondheim, Norway. [Brazdil, R.; Dobrovolny, P.] Masaryk Univ, Inst Geog, Brno, Czech Republic. [Brazdil, R.; Dobrovolny, P.] Global Change Res Ctr AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic. [Garica-Bustamante, E.] Univ Murcia, Dept Phys, Murcia, Spain. [Ge, Q.; Hao, Z.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, 11A,Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Gomez-Navarro, J. J.; Pfister, C.; Wanner, H.; Wetter, O.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. [Guiot, J.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM34, F-13545 Aix en Provence, France. [Hegerl, G. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, James Hutton Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, Midlothian, Scotland. [Holmgren, K.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Holmgren, K.] Navarino Environm Observ, Costa Navarino, Messinia, Greece. [Klimenko, V. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Krasnokazarmennaya St 14, Moscow 111250, Russia. [Klimenko, V. V.] Global Energy Problems Lab, Moscow Energy, Krasnokazarmennaya St 14, Moscow 111250, Russia. [Martin-Chivelet, J.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Geol, Dept Estratig, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Roberts, N.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Schindler, A.] Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol Meteoswiss, Operat Ctr 1, CH-8058 Zurich, Switzerland. [Solomina, O.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Staromonetny 29, Moscow, Russia. [von Gunten, L.] PAGES Int Project Off, Falkenplatz 16, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Wahl, E.] NOAA, Paleoclimatol Program, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Ctr Weather & Climate, Boulder, CO USA. [Zanchettin, D.] Univ Venice, Dept Environm Sci Informat & Stat, I-30123 Venice, Italy. [Zerefos, C.] Acad Athens, Biomed Res Fdn, Athens, Greece. [Fernandez-Donado, L.; Gonzalez-Rouco, F. J.; Barriopedro, D.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Tierra 2, Astron & Astrofis 2, Ciudad Univ, E-28010 Madrid, Spain. [Garica-Bustamante, E.] CIEMAT, Renewable Energy Unit, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Gomez-Navarro, J. J.] Univ Bern, Climate & Environm Phys, Bern, Switzerland. RP Luterbacher, J (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Dept Geog Climatol Climate Dynam & Climate Change, Senckenbergstr 1, D-35930 Giessen, Germany. EM juerg.luterbacher@geogr.uni-giessen.de RI Bothe, Oliver/J-2975-2012; Smerdon, Jason/F-9952-2011; Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik/I-5770-2012; McCarroll, Danny/E-5749-2011; buentgen, ulf/J-6952-2013; Brazdil, Rudolf/H-3156-2014; Werner, Johannes/H-5702-2012; Klimenko, Vladimir/O-3105-2013; Solomina, Olga/J-8353-2013; Gonzalez-Rouco, Jesus Fidel/B-1761-2012; Dobrovolny, Petr/F-7722-2013; Gomez-Navarro, Juan Jose/L-3962-2014; Guiot, Joel/G-7818-2011 OI Bothe, Oliver/0000-0002-6257-8786; von Gunten, Lucien/0000-0003-0425-2881; Wetter, Oliver/0000-0003-1200-3498; Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik/0000-0003-0220-3947; McCarroll, Danny/0000-0002-5992-5070; Werner, Johannes/0000-0003-4015-7398; Klimenko, Vladimir/0000-0002-1397-1311; Gonzalez-Rouco, Jesus Fidel/0000-0001-7090-6797; Gomez-Navarro, Juan Jose/0000-0001-5488-775X; Guiot, Joel/0000-0001-7345-4466 FU German Science Foundation; Catalan Meteorological Survey (SMC) [CGL2011-28255]; Czech Science Foundation [GA13-04291S]; Russian Science Foundation [14-19-00765]; Russian Foundation for Humanities [15-07-00012, 15-37-11129]; ERC [EC-320691]; Wolfson Foundation; Royal Society [WM130060]; LOEWE excellence cluster FACE2-FACE of the Hessen State Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts; DFG project AFICHE; Centre of Climate Dynamics (SKD), Bergen; [CGL2011-29677-c02-02]; [CGL2014-599644-R] FX Support for PAGES 2k activities is provided by the US and Swiss National Science Foundations, US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. JPW acknowledges support from the Centre of Climate Dynamics (SKD), Bergen. The work of OB, SW and EZ is part of CLISAP. JL, SW, EZ, JPW, JGN, OB also acknowledge support by the German Science Foundation Project 'Precipitation in the past millennia in Europe-Extension back to Roman times'. MB acknowledges the Catalan Meteorological Survey (SMC), National Programme I + D, Project CGL2011-28255. PD and RB acknowledge support from the Czech Science Foundation project no. GA13-04291S. VK was supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-19-00765) and the Russian Foundation for Humanities (grants 15-07-00012, 15-37-11129). GH and AS are supported by the ERC funded project TITAN (EC-320691). GH was further funded by the Wolfson Foundation and the Royal Society as a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award (WM130060) holder. NY is funded by the LOEWE excellence cluster FACE2-FACE of the Hessen State Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts; HZ acknowledge support from the DFG project AFICHE. Lamont contribution #7961. The reconstructions can be downloaded from the NOAA paleoclimate homepage: www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19600. LFD, EGB and JFGR were supported by grants CGL2011-29677-c02-02 and CGL2014-599644-R. All authors are part of the Euro-Med 2k Consortium. NR 98 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 25 U2 64 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 11 IS 2 AR 024001 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024001 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6SX UT WOS:000371488300003 ER PT J AU Bennett, S Pess, G Bouwes, N Roni, P Bilby, RE Gallagher, S Ruzycki, J Buehrens, T Krueger, K Ehinger, W Anderson, J Jordan, C Bowersox, B Greene, C AF Bennett, Stephen Pess, George Bouwes, Nicolaas Roni, Phil Bilby, Robert E. Gallagher, Sean Ruzycki, Jim Buehrens, Thomas Krueger, Kirk Ehinger, William Anderson, Joseph Jordan, Chris Bowersox, Brett Greene, Correigh TI Progress and Challenges of Testing the Effectiveness of Stream Restoration in the Pacific Northwest Using Intensively Monitored Watersheds SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID HABITAT RESTORATION; RIVER RESTORATION; STATISTICAL POWER; COASTAL STREAM; ECOSYSTEM; COLUMBIA; SALMON; MANAGEMENT; STEELHEAD; ABUNDANCE AB Across the Pacific Northwest, at least 17 intensively monitored watershed projects have been implemented to test the effectiveness of a broad range of stream restoration actions for increasing the freshwater production of salmon and steelhead and to better understand fish-habitat relationships. We assess the scope and status of these projects and report on challenges implementing them. We suggest that all intensively monitored watersheds should contain key elements based on sound experimental design concepts and be implemented within an adaptive management framework to maximize learning. The most significant challenges reported by groups were (1) improving coordination between funders, restoration groups, and researchers so that restoration and monitoring actions occur based on the project design and (2) maintaining consistent funding to conduct annual monitoring and evaluation of data. However, we conclude that despite these challenges, the intensively monitored watershed approach is the most reliable means of assessing the efficacy of watershed-scale restoration. C1 [Bennett, Stephen] Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Pess, George; Jordan, Chris] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bouwes, Nicolaas] Eco Log Res Inc, Providence, UT USA. [Roni, Phil] Cramer Fish Sci, Sammamish, WA USA. [Bilby, Robert E.] Weyerhaeuser Co, Federal Way, WA USA. [Gallagher, Sean] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Ft Bragg, CA USA. [Ruzycki, Jim] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR USA. [Buehrens, Thomas] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Vancouver, WA USA. [Krueger, Kirk; Anderson, Joseph] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. [Ehinger, William] Washington Dept Ecol, Lacey, WA USA. [Bowersox, Brett] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Lewiston, ID USA. [Greene, Correigh] NOAA, Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Bennett, S (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM bennett.ecological@gmail.com OI Bouwes, Nicolaas/0000-0003-0249-3593 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring Program - Bonneville Power Administration Environment Fish and Wildlife [2003-017]; Washington Recreation and Conservation Office; Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board; California Fisheries Restoration Grant Program; Salmon Recovery Funding Board FX We thank Jennifer Bayer and the Pacific Northwest Aquatic Monitoring Partnership for hosting the intensively monitored watershed meeting and providing support for gathering and summarizing the findings. Rebecca Scully provided assistance in coordinating the IMW working group and collating all the online supplements. Martha Jensen updated the IMW location map. Sponsors of IMWs include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring Program - Bonneville Power Administration Environment Fish and Wildlife (Project #2003-017), Washington Recreation and Conservation Office, Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board, California Fisheries Restoration Grant Program, and Salmon Recovery Funding Board. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 2 BP 92 EP 103 DI 10.1080/03632415.2015.1127805 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF9FJ UT WOS:000371666100002 ER PT J AU Stenz, R Dong, XQ Xi, BK Feng, Z Kuligowski, RJ AF Stenz, Ronald Dong, Xiquan Xi, Baike Feng, Zhe Kuligowski, Robert J. TI Improving Satellite Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Using GOES-Retrieved Cloud Optical Depth SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Observational techniques and algorithms; Satellite observations; Radars/Radar observations; Hydrology; Algorithms; Convective storms; Remote sensing ID UNITED-STATES; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; RADAR; QPE; SYSTEM; Q2 AB To address gaps in ground-based radar coverage and rain gauge networks in the United States, geostationary satellite quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) such as the Self-Calibrating Multivariate Precipitation Retrieval (SCaMPR) can be used to fill in both spatial and temporal gaps of ground-based measurements. Additionally, with the launch of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R series (GOES-R), the temporal resolution of satellite QPEs may be comparable to Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) volume scans as GOES images will be available every 5 min. However, while satellite QPEs have strengths in spatial coverage and temporal resolution, they face limitations, particularly during convective events. Deep convective systems (DCSs) have large cloud shields with similar brightness temperatures (BTs) over nearly the entire system, but widely varying precipitation rates beneath these clouds. Geostationary satellite QPEs relying on the indirect relationship between BTs and precipitation rates often suffer from large errors because anvil regions (little or no precipitation) cannot be distinguished from rain cores (heavy precipitation) using only BTs. However, a combination of BTs and optical depth tau has been found to reduce overestimates of precipitation in anvil regions. A new rain mask algorithm incorporating both tau and BTs has been developed, and its application to the existing SCaMPR algorithm was evaluated. The performance of the modified SCaMPR was evaluated using traditional skill scores and a more detailed analysis of performance in individual DCS components by utilizing the Feng et al. classification algorithm. SCaMPR estimates with the new rain mask benefited from significantly reduced overestimates of precipitation in anvil regions and overall improvements in skill scores. C1 [Stenz, Ronald; Dong, Xiquan; Xi, Baike] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4149 Univ Ave,Stop 9006, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Feng, Zhe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kuligowski, Robert J.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Dong, XQ (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4149 Univ Ave,Stop 9006, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM dong@aero.und.edu RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009; Feng, Zhe/E-1877-2015 OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252; Dong, Xiquan/0000-0002-3359-6117; Feng, Zhe/0000-0002-7540-9017 FU NOAA GOES-R project at the University of North Dakota [NA11NES440004]; U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Systems Research project [DE-SC0008468]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research FX The Q2 product was obtained from the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory. This research was primarily supported by NOAA GOES-R project with Award Number NA11NES440004 at the University of North Dakota. The University of North Dakota authors were also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Systems Research project with Award Number DE-SC0008468. Dr. Zhe Feng developed the hybrid classification scheme used in this study. He was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program and Atmospheric System Research program. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 17 IS 2 BP 557 EP 570 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0057.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF8MQ UT WOS:000371612300003 ER PT J AU Ignatova, T Balaeff, A Blades, M Zheng, M Stoeckl, P Rotkin, SV AF Ignatova, Tetyana Balaeff, Alexander Blades, Michael Zheng, Ming Stoeckl, Peter Rotkin, Slava V. TI Two-color spectroscopy of UV excited ssDNA complex with a single-wall nanotube photoluminescence probe: Fast relaxation by nucleobase autoionization mechanism SO NANO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE single-wall nanotube; optical spectroscopy; two-color spectroscopy; DNA autoionization; DNA ultraviolet (UV) excitation; quantum-mechanical modeling ID CHARGE-TRANSFER MECHANISM; CARBON NANOTUBES; NUCLEIC-ACID; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; BROKEN SYMMETRY; STATE DYNAMICS; DRUG-DELIVERY; HOLE TRANSFER; DNA HAIRPINS AB DNA autoionization is a fundamental process wherein ultraviolet (UV)-photoexcited nucleobases dissipate energy by charge transfer to the environment without undergoing chemical damage. Here, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are explored as a photoluminescent reporter for the study of the mechanism and rates of DNA autoionization. Two-color photoluminescence spectroscopy allows separate photoexcitation of the DNA and the SWNTs in the UV and visible range, respectively. A strong SWNT photoluminescence quenching is observed when the UV pump is resonant with the DNA absorption, consistent with charge transfer from the excited states of the DNA to the SWNT. Semiempirical calculations of the DNA-SWNT electronic structure, combined with a Green's function theory for charge transfer, show a 20 fs autoionization rate, dominated by hole transfer. Rate-equation analysis of the spectroscopy data confirms that the quenching rate is limited by thermalization of the free charge carriers transferred to the nanotube reservoir. This approach has great potential for monitoring DNA excitation, autoionization, and chemical damage, both in vivo and in vitro. C1 [Ignatova, Tetyana; Blades, Michael] Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, 16 Mem Dr E, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Balaeff, Alexander] Univ Cent Florida, NanoSci Technol Ctr, 12424 Res Pkwy,Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Zheng, Ming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stoeckl, Peter] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, 206 Bausch & Lomb Hall, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Rotkin, Slava V.] Lehigh Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Dept Phys, 16 Mem Dr E, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Rotkin, Slava V.] Lehigh Univ, Ctr Photon & Nanoelect, 16 Mem Dr E, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Rotkin, SV (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Dept Phys, 16 Mem Dr E, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.; Rotkin, SV (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Ctr Photon & Nanoelect, 16 Mem Dr E, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM rotkin@lehigh.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-1202398, ECCS-1509786]; University of Central Florida FX T. I. and S. V. R. acknowledge support by National Science Foundation (Nos. ECCS-1202398 and ECCS-1509786); P. S. acknowledges REU NSF (No. PHY-1359195). A. B. acknowledges the startup fund support from the University of Central Florida. The authors gratefully acknowledge access to facilities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for PL measurements and the computational time support from the UCF Advanced Research Computing Center STOKES. We are thankful to Dr. J. Fagan as the host at NIST, Dr. J. Reimers for providing us with the CNDO code, and Dr. D. Roxbury for providing the MD trajectory. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1998-0124 EI 1998-0000 J9 NANO RES JI Nano Res. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 571 EP 583 DI 10.1007/s12274-015-0938-0 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DG1BA UT WOS:000371798800029 ER PT J AU Li, VA Dorrill, R Duvall, MJ Koblanski, J Negrashov, S Sakai, M Wipperfurth, SA Engel, K Jocher, GR Learned, JG Macchiarulo, L Matsuno, S McDonough, WF Mumm, HP Murillo, J Nishimura, K Rosen, M Usman, SM Varner, GS AF Li, V. A. Dorrill, R. Duvall, M. J. Koblanski, J. Negrashov, S. Sakai, M. Wipperfurth, S. A. Engel, K. Jocher, G. R. Learned, J. G. Macchiarulo, L. Matsuno, S. McDonough, W. F. Mumm, H. P. Murillo, J. Nishimura, K. Rosen, M. Usman, S. M. Varner, G. S. TI Invited Article: miniTimeCube SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY AUG 23-28, 2015 CL New York, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept ID NEUTRINO; ENERGY; REACTORS; CHIP AB We present the development of the miniTimeCube (mTC), a novel compact neutrino detector. The mTC is a multipurpose detector, aiming to detect not only neutrinos but also fast/thermal neutrons. Potential applications include the counterproliferation of nuclear materials and the investigation of antineutrino short-baseline effects. The mTC is a plastic 0.2% B-10-doped scintillator (13 cm)(3) cube surrounded by 24 Micro-Channel Plate (MCP) photon detectors, each with an 8 x 8 anode totaling 1536 individual channels/pixels viewing the scintillator. It uses custom-made electronics modules which mount on top of the MCPs, making our detector compact and able to both distinguish different types of events and reject noise in real time. The detector is currently deployed and being tested at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research nuclear reactor (20 MWth) in Gaithersburg MD. A shield for further tests is being constructed, and calibration and upgrades are ongoing. The mTC's improved spatiotemporal resolution will allow for determination of incident particle directions beyond previous capabilities. (C) 2016 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license C1 [Li, V. A.; Dorrill, R.; Duvall, M. J.; Koblanski, J.; Negrashov, S.; Sakai, M.; Learned, J. G.; Macchiarulo, L.; Matsuno, S.; Murillo, J.; Rosen, M.; Varner, G. S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Negrashov, S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Informat & Comp Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wipperfurth, S. A.; Engel, K.; McDonough, W. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jocher, G. R.; Nishimura, K.] Ultralytics LLC, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Mumm, H. P.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Usman, S. M.] Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, Exploratory Sci & Technol Branch, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. [Usman, S. M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Li, VA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM vli2@hawaii.edu RI McDonough, William/I-7720-2012; OI McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673; Wipperfurth, Scott/0000-0001-6336-0060; Jocher, Glenn/0000-0001-5950-6979 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 87 IS 2 AR 021301 DI 10.1063/1.4942243 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG0FQ UT WOS:000371740900214 PM 26931826 ER PT J AU Norcia, MA Thompson, JK AF Norcia, Matthew A. Thompson, James K. TI Simple laser stabilization to the strontium Sr-88 transition at 707 nm SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY AUG 23-28, 2015 CL New York, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept ID ATOMS; STATE AB We describe frequency stabilization of a laser at 707 nm wavelength using FM spectroscopy in a hollow cathode lamp. The laser is stabilized to the Sr-88 metastable P-3(2) to S-3(1) optical transition. The stabilized laser is utilized for laser-cooling and trapping of strontium atoms. We also briefly describe how the same hollow cathode lamp is used to simultaneously derive a polarization spectroscopy signal for stabilizing the blue-MOT laser at 461 nm. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Norcia, Matthew A.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Norcia, MA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matthew.norcia@colorado.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 87 IS 2 AR 023110 DI 10.1063/1.4942434 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG0FQ UT WOS:000371740900225 PM 26931837 ER PT J AU Biasotti, S Cerri, A Aono, M Ben Hamza, A Garro, V Giachetti, A Giorgi, D Godil, A Li, C Sanada, C Spagnuolo, M Tatsuma, A Velasco-Forero, S AF Biasotti, S. Cerri, A. Aono, M. Ben Hamza, A. Garro, V. Giachetti, A. Giorgi, D. Godil, A. Li, C. Sanada, C. Spagnuolo, M. Tatsuma, A. Velasco-Forero, S. TI Retrieval and classification methods for textured 3D models: a comparative study SO VISUAL COMPUTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3DOR Workshop CY APR 06, 2014 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE DE Shape retrieval; Shape classification; Textured 3D models ID SHAPE RETRIEVAL; OBJECT RECOGNITION; IMAGE RETRIEVAL; COMBINING COLOR; RADIAL SYMMETRY; SURFACES; DISTRIBUTIONS; DESCRIPTORS; DIFFUSION; GEOMETRY AB This paper presents a comparative study of six methods for the retrieval and classification of textured 3D models, which have been selected as representative of the state of the art. To better analyse and control how methods deal with specific classes of geometric and texture deformations, we built a collection of 572 synthetic textured mesh models, in which each class includes multiple texture and geometric modifications of a small set of null models. Results show a challenging, yet lively, scenario and also reveal interesting insights into how to deal with texture information according to different approaches, possibly working in the CIELab as well as in modifications of the RGB colour space. C1 [Biasotti, S.; Cerri, A.; Spagnuolo, M.] CNR, Ist Matemat Applicata & Tecnol Informat E Magenes, Genoa, Italy. [Garro, V.; Giorgi, D.] CNR, Ist Sci & Tecnol Informaz A Faedo, Pisa, Italy. [Garro, V.; Giachetti, A.] Univ Verona, Dipartimento Informat, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Ben Hamza, A.] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Giorgi, D.; Godil, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aono, M.; Sanada, C.; Tatsuma, A.] Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan. [Velasco-Forero, S.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Math, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 117548, Singapore. RP Cerri, A (reprint author), CNR, Ist Matemat Applicata & Tecnol Informat E Magenes, Genoa, Italy. EM silvia.biasotti@ge.imati.cnr.it; andrea.cerri@ge.imati.cnr.it RI Spagnuolo, Michela/F-5068-2013; Cerri, Andrea/B-8129-2015; GIORGI, DANIELA/B-3998-2017; Biasotti, Silvia/G-8602-2012 OI Spagnuolo, Michela/0000-0002-5682-6990; Cerri, Andrea/0000-0003-3619-8963; GIORGI, DANIELA/0000-0002-6752-6918; Biasotti, Silvia/0000-0002-9992-825X NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2789 EI 1432-2315 J9 VISUAL COMPUT JI Visual Comput. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 217 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s00371-015-1146-3 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA DF9FU UT WOS:000371667200007 ER PT J AU Penzo, E Palma, M Chenet, DA Ao, GY Zheng, M Hone, JC Wind, SJ AF Penzo, Erika Palma, Matteo Chenet, Daniel A. Ao, Geyou Zheng, Ming Hone, James C. Wind, Shalom J. TI Directed Assembly of Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors. SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; directed assembly; DNA-wrapped SWCNT; carbon nanotube FETs ID AC-DIELECTROPHORESIS; LARGE-SCALE; GROWTH; SEPARATION; ARRAYS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PARTITION; MONOLAYER; DEVICES; SURFACE AB The outstanding electronic properties of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have made them prime candidates for future nanoelectronics technologies. One of the main obstacles to the implementation of advanced SWCNT electronics to date is the inability to arrange them in a manner suitable for complex circuits. Directed assembly of SWCNT segments onto lithographically patterned and chemically functionalized substrates is a promising way to organize SWCNTs in topologies that are amenable to integration for advanced applications, but the placement and orientational control required have not yet been demonstrated. We have developed a technique for assembling length sorted and chirality monodisperse DNA -wrapped SWCNT segments on hydrophilic lines patterned on a passivated oxidized silicon substrate. Placement of individual SWCNT segments at predetermined locations was achieved with nanometer accuracy. Three terminal electronic devices, consisting of a single SWCNT segment placed either beneath or on top of metallic source/drain electrodes were fabricated. Devices made with semiconducting nanotubes behaved as typical p -type field effect transistors (FETs), whereas devices made with metallic nanotubes had a finite resistance with little or no gate modulation. This scalable, high resolution approach represents an important step forward toward the potential implementation of complex SWCNT devices and circuits. C1 [Penzo, Erika; Palma, Matteo; Wind, Shalom J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Chenet, Daniel A.; Hone, James C.] Columbia Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Ao, Geyou; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Penzo, Erika] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Palma, Matteo] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Dept Chem & Biochem, London, England. RP Wind, SJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sw2128@columbia.edu RI Palma , Matteo/E-6392-2011 OI Palma , Matteo/0000-0001-8715-4034 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-1117] FX The authors thank Profs. C. Nuckolls and M. Sheetz for resource support, as well as the staff and facilities of the Columbia Nano Initiative cleanroom, where much of the fabrication work was performed. The authors also gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Office of Naval Research under Award No. N00014-09-1-1117. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 15 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD FEB PY 2016 VL 10 IS 2 BP 2975 EP 2981 DI 10.1021/acsnano.6b00353 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DE9VL UT WOS:000370987400143 PM 26807948 ER PT J AU Srivastava, PK Yaduvanshi, A Singh, SK Islam, T Gupta, M AF Srivastava, Prashant K. Yaduvanshi, Aradhana Singh, Sudhir Kumar Islam, Tanvir Gupta, Manika TI Support vector machines and generalized linear models for quantifying soil dehydrogenase activity in agro-forestry system of mid altitude central Himalaya SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Dehydrogenase activity; Agro-forestry system; Support vector machines; Generalized linear models; Central Himalaya ID LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; HYDROLOGICAL APPLICATION; SMOOTHING SCATTERPLOTS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; SMOS SATELLITE; MOISTURE; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB In natural ecosystems, the linkages between inputs of carbon from plants, soil moisture (SM) and microbial activity are central to our understanding of nutrient cycling. Predictions of microbial activities in soil are important as they indicate the potential of the soil to support biochemical processes that are essential for the maintenance of soil fertility as well as productivity. The dehydrogenase activity (DHA) in soil provides information on microbial activities of the soil. However, estimation of DHA activity over complex terrain such as soils of the central Himalaya is not always possible due to very harsh environment and climatic conditions. In this study, the attempts were made to estimate the DHA in the soil of mid altitude central Himalaya using computational intelligence techniques. The linear and non-linear correlation results indicate that the fluctuations in SM and organic carbon (OC) in the root zone affect DHA and can be used as predictors for DHA. Therefore, the performances of support vector machines (SVMs) and generalized linear models (GLMs) were attempted for the prediction of DHA over mid altitude central Himalaya using information of SM and OC. The results showed that the SVM was giving a much better performance than GLM using SM and OC and could be promising and cost effective approach for soil DHA prediction over complex ecosystem. Our results are also of considerable scientific and practical value to the wider scientific community, given the number of practical applications and research studies in which SM and OC datasets are used. C1 [Srivastava, Prashant K.; Gupta, Manika] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Yaduvanshi, Aradhana] Birla Inst Technol, Ctr Excellence Climatol, Ranchi, Bihar, India. [Singh, Sudhir Kumar] Univ Allahabad, Nehru Sci Ctr, K Banerjee Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Studies, IIDS, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gupta, Manika] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Srivastava, PK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Srivastava, PK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Srivastava, PK (reprint author), Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM prashant.k.srivastava@nasa.gov NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 EI 1866-6299 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 75 IS 4 AR 299 DI 10.1007/s12665-015-5074-3 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA DF5LO UT WOS:000371393400022 ER PT J AU Suzuki, S Manzello, SL AF Suzuki, Sayaka Manzello, Samuel L. TI Firebrand production from building components fitted with siding treatments SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Firebrands; WUI fires ID FULL-SCALE; GENERATION; FLIGHT; WIND; SIZE AB Firebrand production from real-scale building components under well-controlled laboratory conditions was investigated. Re-entrant corner assemblies were ignited and during the combustion process, firebrands were collected to determine the size/mass distribution generated from such real-scale building components under varying wind speed. In prior work, a unique ignition methodology was developed to generate firebrands from re-entrant corner assemblies constructed of wood studs and oriented strand board (OSB). In this study, this ignition methodology was applied to re-entrant corners constructed from wood studs/OSB but fitted with actual siding treatments (tar paper and cedar siding) to determine the influence of siding treatments on firebrand generation from wall assemblies. Firebrands were collected with pans filled with water, and then the size and mass of firebrands were measured after drying. The size and mass distributions of firebrands collected in this study were compared with the data from prior component tests as well as the limited studies available in the literature on this topic. Some firebrands were found to be lighter for a given projected area than others, likely produced from cedar siding or tar paper. The effects of applied siding treatments on firebrand production are discussed in detail. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Suzuki, Sayaka] NRIFD, Large Fire Lab, Chofu, Tokyo 1820082, Japan. [Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sayakas@fri.go.jp; samuelm@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 80 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2016.01.004 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DF5DF UT WOS:000371371300008 PM 27114643 ER PT J AU Schroeder, A Basara, J Shepherd, JM Nelson, S AF Schroeder, Amanda Basara, Jeffrey Shepherd, J. Marshall Nelson, Steven TI Insights into Atmospheric Contributors to Urban Flash Flooding across the United States Using an Analysis of Rawinsonde Data and Associated Calculated Parameters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Moisture/moisture budget; Anomalies; Climatology; Operational forecasting; Radiosonde observations ID EVENTS AB Flooding is routinely one of the most deadly weather-related hazards in the United States, which highlights the need for more hydrometeorological research related to forecasting these hazardous events. Building upon previous literature, a synergistic study analyzes hydrometeorological aspects of major urban flood events in the United States from 1977 through 2014 caused by locally heavy precipitation. Primary datasets include upper-air soundings and climatological precipitable water (PW) distributions. A major finding of this work is that major urban flood events are associated with extremely anomalous PW values, many of which exceeded the 99th percentile of the associated climatological dataset and all of which were greater than 150% of the climatological mean values. However, of the 40 cases examined in this study, only 15 had PW values that exceeded 50.4 mm (2 in.), illustrating the importance of including the location-specific PW climatology in a PW analysis relevant to the potential for flash floods. Additionally, these events revealed that, despite geographic location and time of year, most had a warm cloud depth of at least 6 km, which is defined here as the layer between the lifting condensation level and the height of the -10 degrees C level. A "composite" flood sounding was also calculated and revealed a characteristically tropical structure, despite cases related to tropical cyclones being excluded from the study. C1 [Schroeder, Amanda; Shepherd, J. Marshall] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Schroeder, Amanda; Nelson, Steven] Natl Weather Serv, Weather Forecast Off, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Basara, Jeffrey] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Basara, Jeffrey] Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK USA. RP Schroeder, A (reprint author), 3401 Northern Cross Blvd, Ft Worth, TX 76137 USA. EM amanda.schroeder@noaa.gov RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Precipitation Measurement Mission Program for their support on this project through a NASA ROSES grant. Also, they thank Matt Bunkers from the NWS WFO Rapid City, South Dakota, for his willingness to share information regarding the PW climatology, and Greg Patrick from the NWS WFO Fort Worth, for manuscript preparation assistance. Additionally, the authors thank Patrick Marsh for his assistance with the acquisition of the NSHARP sounding files, David Gagne and Andrew MacKenzie for their support with the visualization of the composite sounding, and Matt Taraldsen for his assistance with the visualization of the UA locations using GIS. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 55 IS 2 BP 313 EP 323 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0232.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE1WX UT WOS:000370418300004 ER PT J AU Berdalet, E Fleming, LE Gowen, R Davidson, K Hess, P Backer, LC Moore, SK Hoagland, P Enevoldsen, H AF Berdalet, Elisa Fleming, Lora E. Gowen, Richard Davidson, Keith Hess, Philipp Backer, Lorraine C. Moore, Stephanie K. Hoagland, Porter Enevoldsen, Henrik TI Marine harmful algal blooms, human health and wellbeing: challenges and opportunities in the 21st century SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE Harmful algal blooms; human health and wellbeing; marine biotoxins; ecosystem services ID FLORIDA RED TIDE; PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; METHYLAMINO-L-ALANINE; FRENCH MEDITERRANEAN COAST; GULF-OF-MEXICO; 13-DESMETHYL SPIROLIDE-C; KARENIA-MIKIMOTOI BLOOM; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; SAMPLE PROCESSOR ESP; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Microalgal blooms are a natural part of the seasonal cycle of photosynthetic organisms in marine ecosystems. They are key components of the structure and dynamics of the oceans and thus sustain the benefits that humans obtain from these aquatic environments. However, some microalgal blooms can cause harm to humans and other organisms. These harmful algal blooms (HABs) have direct impacts on human health and negative influences on human wellbeing, mainly through their consequences to coastal ecosystem services (fisheries, tourism and recreation) and other marine organisms and environments. HABs are natural phenomena, but these events can be favoured by anthropogenic pressures in coastal areas. Global warming and associated changes in the oceans could affect HAB occurrences and toxicity as well, although forecasting the possible trends is still speculative and requires intensive multidisciplinary research. At the beginning of the 21st century, with expanding human populations, particularly in coastal and developing countries, mitigating HABs impacts on human health and wellbeing is becoming a more pressing public health need. The available tools to address this global challenge include maintaining intensive, multidisciplinary and collaborative scientific research, and strengthening the coordination with stakeholders, policymakers and the general public. Here we provide an overview of different aspects of the HABs phenomena, an important element of the intrinsic links between oceans and human health and wellbeing. C1 [Berdalet, Elisa] Inst Ciencies Mar CSIC, Passeig Maritim Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain. [Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Exeter, Sch Med, European Ctr Environm & Human Hlth, Truro TR1 3HD, Cornwall, England. [Gowen, Richard] Agri Food & Biosci Inst, Fisheries & Aquat Ecosyst Branch, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. [Gowen, Richard; Davidson, Keith] Scottish Marine Inst, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci SAMS, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Hess, Philipp] IFREMER, Lab Phycotoxines, BP21105,Rue lIle Yeu, F-44311 Nantes 03, France. [Backer, Lorraine C.] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-60, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. [Moore, Stephanie K.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Joint Off Sci Support, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Moore, Stephanie K.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hoagland, Porter] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Enevoldsen, Henrik] Univ Copenhagen, UNESCO, Intergovt Oceanog Commiss, IOC Sci & Commun Ctr Harmful Algae, Univ Pk 4, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RP Berdalet, E (reprint author), Inst Ciencies Mar CSIC, Passeig Maritim Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain. EM berdalet@icm.csic.es RI Hess, Philipp/G-1761-2010; BERDALET, ELISA/K-6956-2014; OI Hess, Philipp/0000-0002-9047-1345; BERDALET, ELISA/0000-0003-1123-9706; Hoagland, Porter/0000-0003-0744-4184 FU UK Medical Research Council (MRC); UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for the MEDMI Project; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Environmental Change and Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Public Health England (PHE); University of Exeter; University College London; Met Office; European Regional Development Fund Programme; European Social Fund Convergence Programme for Cornwall; Isles of Scilly (University of Exeter Medical School); Spanish Government (MINECO) [CTM2014-53818-R]; BBSRC-NERC research programme; Ifremer (RISALTOX); Regional Council of the Pays de la Loire (COSELMAR); US National Science Foundation under NSF/CNH [1009106]; SCOR; IOC/UNESCO FX The research was funded in part by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for the MEDMI Project; the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Environmental Change and Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), and in collaboration with the University of Exeter, University College London and the Met Office; and the European Regional Development Fund Programme and European Social Fund Convergence Programme for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly (University of Exeter Medical School).; EB was supported by the CTM2014-53818-R project, from the Spanish Government (MINECO). KDA was in receipt of funding from the BBSRC-NERC research programme for multidisciplinary studies in sustainable aquaculture: health, disease and the environment. P. Hess was supported by Ifremer (RISALTOX) and the Regional Council of the Pays de la Loire (COSELMAR). Porter Hoagland was supported by the US National Science Foundation under NSF/CNH grant no. 1009106.; This work contributes to the implementation of the objectives of the SCOR and IOC/UNESCO funded programmes GEOHAB and GlobalHAB. NR 354 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 20 U2 72 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 EI 1469-7769 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 96 IS 1 SI SI BP 61 EP 91 DI 10.1017/S0025315415001733 PG 31 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DF2FS UT WOS:000371158300007 ER PT J AU Bushnell, M AF Bushnell, Mark TI Managing Real-Time Oceanographic QC SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bushnell, Mark] NOAA, US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, QARTOD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bushnell, M (reprint author), NOAA, US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, QARTOD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mark.bushnell@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 57 IS 2 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA DF5BE UT WOS:000371366000001 ER PT J AU Tanamachi, RL Heinselman, PL AF Tanamachi, Robin L. Heinselman, Pamela L. TI Rapid-Scan, Polarimetric Observations of Central Oklahoma Severe Storms on 31 May 2013 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Radars/Radar observations; Hail; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Tornadoes; Convective storms; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Supercells; Observational techniques and algorithms; Thunderstorms ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; MOBILE DOPPLER RADAR; TORNADIC SUPERCELL; X-BAND; EL RENO; POLARIZATION-RADAR; DUAL-POLARIZATION; CONVECTIVE STORMS; WARNING DECISIONS; SOUTHERN PLAINS AB On 31 May 2013, a polarimetric WSR-88D located in Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN), was used to collect sectorized volumetric observations in a tornadic supercell. Because only a fraction of the full azimuthal volume was observed, rapid volume update times of ~1-2 min were achieved. In addition, the number of pulses used in each radial was larger than is conventional, increasing the statistical robustness of the calculated polarimetric variables. These rapid observations serve as a proxy for those of a future dual-polarized phased-array radar. Through comparison with contemporaneous observations from two nearby dual-polarized WSR-88Ds [Twin Lakes, Oklahoma (KTLX), and near University of Oklahoma Westheimer Airport in Norman (KCRI)], a number of instances in which the rapidly scanned KOUN radar detected or better resolved (in a temporal sense) features of severe convective storms are highlighted. In particular, the polarimetric signatures of merging updrafts, a rapidly descending giant hail core, an anticyclonic tornado, and a dissipating storm cell are examined. These observations provided insights into the rapid evolution of severe convective storms that could not be made (or would have been made with much lower confidence) with current, operational WSR-88D scanning strategies. Possible implications of these rapid updates for the warning decision process are discussed. C1 [Tanamachi, Robin L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Tanamachi, Robin L.; Heinselman, Pamela L.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Tanamachi, Robin L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Tanamachi, RL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rtanamachi@purdue.edu FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX Funding for this research was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. We thank Valery Melinkov and Joe Chrisman for their assistance with data collection, and Eddie Forren and Richard Adams for processing the KOUN observations. KTLX and KCRI observations were obtained from the National Climatic Data Center. The El Reno tornado damage track was provided by the National Weather Service. Jeff Snyder provided the anticyclonic tornado's damage track. We appreciate the insights of Rick Smith, Todd Lindley, and Arthur Witt. Vivek Mahale, Charles Kuster, and three additional anonymous individuals kindly reviewed this manuscript. NR 90 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 19 EP 42 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0111.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE1ML UT WOS:000370391000001 ER PT J AU Bowden, KA Heinselman, PL AF Bowden, Katie A. Heinselman, Pamela L. TI A Qualitative Analysis of NWS Forecasters' Use of Phased-Array Radar Data during Severe Hail and Wind Events SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Forecasting; Radars/Radar observations; Observational techniques and algorithms; Forecasting; Operational forecasting ID SEVERE THUNDERSTORM; WARNING DECISIONS AB The 2013 Phased Array Radar Innovative Sensing Experiment (PARISE) investigated the impacts of higher-temporal-resolution radar data on National Weather Service forecasters' warning decision processes during severe hail and wind events. In total, 12 forecasters participated in the 2013 PARISE over a 6-week period during the summer of 2013. Participants were assigned to either a control [5-min phased-array radar (PAR) updates] or experimental (1-min PAR updates) group, and worked two cases in simulated real time. This paper focuses on the qualitative retrospective reports of participants' warning decision processes that were collected using the recent case walk-through method. Timelines of participants' warning decision process were created for both cases, which were then thematically coded according to a situational awareness framework. Coded themes included perception, comprehension, and projection. It was found that the experimental group perceived significantly more information during both cases than the control group (case 1 p = 0.045 and case 2 p = 0.041), which may have improved the quality of their comprehensions and projections. Analysis of timelines reveals that 1-min PAR updates were important to the experimental group's more timely and accurate warning decisions. Not only did the 1-min PAR updates enable experimental participants to perceive precursor signatures earlier than control participants, but through monitoring trends in radar data, the experimental group was able to better detect storm motion, more accurately identify expected weather threats from severe thunderstorms, more easily observe strengthening and diminishing trends in storms, and make more correct tornado-related warning decisions. C1 [Bowden, Katie A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Heinselman, Pamela L.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Bowden, KA (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM katie.bowden@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX Thank you to the 12 NWS forecasters for participating in this study, to the participating WFO's MICs for supporting recruitment, and to Michael Scotten for participating in the pilot experiment. We also thank AWIPS-2 expert Darrel Kingfield, A/V specialist James Murnan, software expert Eddie Forren, and GIS expert Ami Arthur. Advice from committee members Robert Palmer, David Parsons, and Rick Thomas, along with insightful discussions with Harold Brooks and Lans Rothfusz, aided the development of this study. Finally, thank you to the anonymous reviewers for their helpful feedback. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0089.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE1ML UT WOS:000370391000002 ER PT J AU Han, J Witek, ML Teixeira, J Sun, R Pan, HL Fletcher, JK Bretherton, CS AF Han, Jongil Witek, Marcin L. Teixeira, Joao Sun, Ruiyu Pan, Hua-Lu Fletcher, Jennifer K. Bretherton, Christopher S. TI Implementation in the NCEP GFS of a Hybrid Eddy-Diffusivity Mass-Flux (EDMF) Boundary Layer Parameterization with Dissipative Heating and Modified Stable Boundary Layer Mixing SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Models and modeling; Parameterization ID CONVECTIVE MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; HURRICANE INTENSITY; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; CLIMATE MODELS; FORECAST; SENSITIVITY; FORMULATION; IMPROVEMENT; SIMULATION AB The current operational eddy-diffusivity countergradient (EDCG) planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme in the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) tends to underestimate the PBL growth in the convective boundary layer (CBL). To improve CBL growth, an eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF) PBL scheme is developed, where the nonlocal transport by large turbulent eddies is represented by a mass-flux (MF) scheme and the local transport by small eddies is represented by an eddy-diffusivity (ED) scheme. For the vertical momentum mixing, the MF scheme is modified to include the effect of the updraft-induced pressure gradient force. While the EDMF scheme displays better CBL growth than the EDCG scheme, it tends to overproduce the amount of low clouds and degrades wind vector forecasts over the tropical ocean where strongly unstable PBLs are rarely found. In order not to degrade the forecast skill in the tropics, a hybrid scheme is developed, where the EDMF scheme is applied only for the strongly unstable PBL, while the EDCG scheme is used for the weakly unstable PBL. Along with the hybrid EDMF scheme, the heating by turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation is parameterized to reduce an energy imbalance in the GFS. To enhance a too weak vertical turbulent mixing for weakly and moderately stable conditions, the current local scheme in the stable boundary layer (SBL) is modified to use an eddy-diffusivity profile method. The hybrid EDMF PBL scheme with TKE dissipative heating and modified SBL mixing led to significant improvements in some key medium-range weather forecast metrics and was operationally implemented into the NCEP GFS in January 2015. C1 [Han, Jongil] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Syst Res Grp Inc, Environm Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Witek, Marcin L.; Teixeira, Joao] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Sun, Ruiyu; Pan, Hua-Lu] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, IM Syst Grp Inc, Environm Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Fletcher, Jennifer K.; Bretherton, Christopher S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Han, J (reprint author), NCEP EMC, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jongil.han@noaa.gov RI Witek, Marcin/G-9440-2016 FU NOAA MAPP/CPO program as part of the Sc-to-Cu Transition Climate Process Team FX This work was supported by the NOAA MAPP/CPO program as part of the Sc-to-Cu Transition Climate Process Team. Internal reviews from Helin Wei, Qingfu Liu, and Mary Hart at NCEP/EMC are highly appreciated. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for valuable comments that helped to improve the manuscript. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 341 EP 352 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0053.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE1MT UT WOS:000370391800002 ER PT J AU Saylor, DM Forrey, C Kim, CS Warren, JA AF Saylor, David M. Forrey, Christopher Kim, Chang-Soo Warren, James A. TI Diffuse Interface Methods for Modeling Drug-Eluting Stent Coatings SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Microstructure; Thermodynamics; Diffusion; Simulation; Controlled release ID SOLVENT SYSTEMS; SELF-DIFFUSION; POLYMER; COEFFICIENTS; ARTERIAL; DELIVERY; RELEASE; TETRAHYDROFURAN; THERMODYNAMICS; SIMULATION AB An overview of diffuse interface models specific to drug-eluting stent coatings is presented. Microscale heterogeneities, both in the coating and use environment, dictate the performance of these coatings. Using diffuse interface methods, these heterogeneities can be explicitly incorporated into the model equations with relative ease. This enables one to predict the complex microstructures that evolve during coating fabrication and subsequent impact on drug release. Examples are provided that illustrate the wide range of phenomena that can be addressed with diffuse interface models including: crystallization, constrained phase separation, hydrolytic degradation, and heterogeneous binding. Challenges associated with the lack of material property data and numerical solution of the model equations are also highlighted. Finally, in light of these potential drawbacks, the potential to utilize diffuse interface models to help guide product and process development is discussed. C1 [Saylor, David M.; Forrey, Christopher] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Kim, Chang-Soo] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Warren, James A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saylor, DM (reprint author), US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM david.saylor@fda.hhs.gov NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-6964 EI 1573-9686 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 44 IS 2 BP 548 EP 559 DI 10.1007/s10439-015-1375-7 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA DF0RJ UT WOS:000371046300024 PM 26183961 ER PT J AU Yates, EL Iraci, LT Singh, HB Tanaka, T Roby, MC Hamill, P Clements, CB Lareau, N Contezac, J Blake, DR Simpson, IJ Wisthaler, A Mikoviny, T Diskin, GS Beyersdorf, AJ Choi, Y Ryerson, TB Jimenez, JL Campuzano-Jost, P Loewenstein, M Gore, W AF Yates, E. L. Iraci, L. T. Singh, H. B. Tanaka, T. Roby, M. C. Hamill, P. Clements, C. B. Lareau, N. Contezac, J. Blake, D. R. Simpson, I. J. Wisthaler, A. Mikoviny, T. Diskin, G. S. Beyersdorf, A. J. Choi, Y. Ryerson, T. B. Jimenez, J. L. Campuzano-Jost, P. Loewenstein, M. Gore, W. TI Airborne measurements and emission estimates of greenhouse gases and other trace constituents from the 2013 California Yosemite Rim wildfire SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Trace gases; Emission factors; Enhancement ratios; Western US ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; FOREST-FIRE EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PRESCRIBED FIRES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BROWN CARBON; AIR-QUALITY; WESTERN US AB This paper presents airborne measurements of multiple atmospheric trace constituents including greenhouse gases (such as CO2, CH4, O-3) and biomass burning tracers (such as CO, CH3CN) downwind of an exceptionally large wildfire. In summer 2013, the Rim wildfire, ignited just west of the Yosemite National Park, California, and burned over 250,000 acres of the forest during the 2-month period (17 August to 24 October) before it was extinguished. The Rim wildfire plume was intercepted by flights carried out by the NASA Ames Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) on 29 August and the NASA DC 8, as part of SEAC(4)RS (Studies of Emissions, Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys), on 26 and 27 August during its intense, primary burning period. AJAX revisited the wildfire on 10 September when the conditions were increasingly smoldering, with slower growth. The more extensive payload of the DC-8 helped to bridge key measurements that were not available as part of AJAX (e. g. CO). Data analyses are presented in terms of emission ratios (ER), emission factors (EF) and combustion efficiency and are compared with previous wildfire studies. ERs were 8.0 ppb CH4 (ppm CO2)(-1) on 26 August, 6.5 ppb CH4 (ppm CO2)(-1) on 29 August and 18.3 ppb CH4 (ppm CO2)(-1) on 10 September 2013. The increase in CH4 ER from 6.5 to 8.0 ppb CH4 (ppm CO2)(-1) during the primary burning period to 18.3 ppb CH4 (ppm CO2)(-1) during the fire's slower growth period likely indicates enhanced CH4 emissions from increased smoldering combustion relative to flaming combustion. Given the magnitude of the Rim wildfire, the impacts it had on regional air quality and the limited sampling of wildfire emissions in the western United States to date, this study provides a valuable dataset to support forestry and regional air quality management, including observations of ERs of a wide number of species from the Rim wildfire. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yates, E. L.; Iraci, L. T.; Singh, H. B.; Tanaka, T.; Roby, M. C.; Loewenstein, M.; Gore, W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Roby, M. C.; Hamill, P.; Clements, C. B.; Lareau, N.; Contezac, J.] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Blake, D. R.; Simpson, I. J.] UC Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Diskin, G. S.; Beyersdorf, A. J.; Choi, Y.] NASA Langley, Hampton, VA USA. [Choi, Y.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Ryerson, T. B.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Campuzano-Jost, P.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yates, EL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM emma.l.yates@nasa.gov RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; FU H211 L. L. C.; NASA Earth Science Program; San Jose State University Research Foundation; NASA Postdoctoral Program; Bay Area Environmental Research Institute; National Science Foundation [AGS-1151930]; Ames Research Center; Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG); Visiting Scientist Program of the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA); NASA Earth Science Division Award [NNX14AP4] FX We acknowledge the support and partnership of H211 L. L. C. for the Alpha Jet and the NASA Earth Science Program for the SEAC4RS effort. Further support was provided by San Jose State University Research Foundation, the NASA Postdoctoral Program, the Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, the National Science Foundation (AGS-1151930) and the Ames Research Center. CH3CN, CH3OH, CH3COCH3, C6H6 and C7H8 measurements aboard the NASA DC-8 were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). AW and TM received support from the Visiting Scientist Program of the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA) and through NASA Earth Science Division Award NNX14AP4 We are thankful to the SEAC4RS and Alpha Jet Science Teams for their contribution. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 16 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 127 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.038 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE6VC UT WOS:000370770700033 ER PT J AU Wang, P Song, Y Weir, MD Sun, JY Zhao, L Simon, CG Xu, HHK AF Wang, Ping Song, Yang Weir, Michael D. Sun, Jinyu Zhao, Liang Simon, Carl G. Xu, Hockin H. K. TI A self-setting iPSMSC-alginate-calcium phosphate paste for bone tissue engineering SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Bone tissue engineering; Calcium phosphate cement; Human induced pluripotent stem cells; Alginate microbeads; Injectable; Animal studies ID MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; HUMAN-INDUCED PLURIPOTENT; MARROW STROMAL CELLS; UMBILICAL-CORD; IN-VIVO; DIRECTED DIFFERENTIATION; REGENERATION; CEMENT; SCAFFOLD; REPAIR AB Objectives. Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are promising for dental and craniofacial repairs. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop an injectable cell delivery system based on encapsulation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSMSCs) in microbeads; (2) develop a novel tissue engineered construct by dispersing iPSMSC-microbeads in CPC to investigate bone regeneration in an animal model for the first time. Methods. iPSMSCs were pre-osteoinduced for 2 weeks (0S-iPSMSCs), or transduced with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2-iPSMSCs). Cells were encapsulated in fast-degradable alginate microbeads. Microbeads were mixed with CPC paste and filled into cranial defects in nude rats. Four groups were tested: (1) CPC-microbeads without cells (CPC control); (2) CPC-microbeads-iPSMSCs (CPC-iPSMSCs); (3) CPC-microbeads-OS-iPSMSCs (CPC-0S-iPSMSCs); (4) CPC-microbeads-BMP2-iPSMSCs (CPC-BMP2-iPSMSCs). Results. Cells maintained good viability inside microbeads after injection. The microbeads were able to release the cells which had more than 10-fold increase in live cell density from 1 to 14 days. The cells exhibited up-regulation of osteogenic markers and deposition of minerals. In vivo, new bone area fraction (mean +/- SD; n=5) for CPC-iPSMSCs group was (22.5 +/- 7.6)%. New bone area fractions were (38.9 +/- 18.4)% and (44.7 +/- 22.8)% for CPC-OS-iPSMSCs group and CPC-BMP2-iPSMSCs group, respectively, 2-3 times the (15.6 +/- 11.2)% in CPC control at 12 weeks (p < 0.05). Cell-CPC constructs accelerated scaffold resorption, with CPC-BMP2-iPSMSCs having remaining scaffold material that was 7-fold less than CPC control. Significance. Novel injectable CPC-microbead-cell constructs promoted bone regeneration, with OS-iPSMSCs and BMP2-iPSMSCs having 2-3 fold the new bone of CPC control. Cell delivery accelerated scaffold resorption, with CPC-BMP2-iPSMSC having remaining scaffold material that was 7-fold less than CPC control. Therefore, CPC-microbead-iPSMSC is a promising injectable material for orthopedic, dental and craniofacial bone regenerations. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 [Wang, Ping; Song, Yang; Weir, Michael D.; Sun, Jinyu; Zhao, Liang; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Wang, Ping] Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, State Key Lab Oral Dis, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Liang] Southern Med Univ, Nanfang Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Simon, Carl G.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Zhao, L; Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.; Zhao, L (reprint author), Southern Med Univ, Nanfang Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM lzhaonf@126.com; hxu@umaryland.edu FU NIH [R01 DE14190, R21 DE22625]; National Science Foundation of China [81401794, 31100695, 31328008]; University of Maryland School of Dentistry FX We thank Drs. Laurence C. Chow and David J. Mooney for discussions. We thank Dr. Linzhao Cheng for generously providing the hiPSC BC1 cell line. This study was supported by NIH R01 DE14190 and R21 DE22625 (HX), National Science Foundation of China 81401794 (PW), 31100695 and 31328008 (LZ), and University of Maryland School of Dentistry. This paper was presented (PW) as an oral presentation at the 2015 IADR meeting in Boston, and won the IADR Arthur R. Frechette Prosthodontic Research Award. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 252 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.019 PG 12 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA DE7ID UT WOS:000370808400018 PM 26743965 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Weir, MD Chow, LC Antonucci, JM Chen, JH Xu, HHK AF Zhang, Ling Weir, Michael D. Chow, Laurence C. Antonucci, Joseph M. Chen, Jihua Xu, Hockin H. K. TI Novel rechargeable calcium phosphate dental nanocomposite SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Dental composite; Calcium phosphate nanoparticles; Calcium phosphate ion release; Recharge; Dental caries inhibition; Remineralization ID RESIN-COMPOSITES; FLUORIDE RELEASE; IN-VITRO; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MINIMAL INTERVENTION; CARIES-INHIBITION; ION RELEASE; ADHESIVES; LESIONS AB Objectives. Calcium phosphate (CaP) composites with Ca and P ion release can remineralize tooth lesions and inhibit caries. But the ion release lasts only a few months. The objectives of this study were to develop rechargeable CaP dental composite for the first time, and investigate the Ca and P recharge and re-release of composites with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) to achieve long-term inhibition of caries. Methods. Three NACP nanocomposites were fabricated with resin matrix of: (1) bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) at 1:1 mass ratio (referred to as BT group); (2) pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) at 1:1 ratio (PE group); (3) BisGMA, TEGDMA, and Bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (BisMEP) at 2:1:1 ratio (BTM group). Each resin was filled with 20% NACP and 50% glass particles, and the composite was photo cured. Specimens were tested for flexural strength and elastic modulus, Ca and P ion release, and Ca and P ion recharge and re-release. Results. NACP nanocomposites had strengths 3-fold of, and elastic moduli similar to, commercial resin-modified glass ionomer controls. CaP ion recharge capability was the greatest for PE group, followed by BTM group, with BT group being the lowest (p < 0.05). For each recharge cycle, CaP re-release reached similarly high levels, showing that CaP re-release did not decrease with more recharge cycles. After six recharge/re-release cycles, NACP nanocomposites without further recharge had continuous CaP ion release for 42 d. Significance. Novel rechargeable CaP composites achieved long-term and sustained Ca and P ion release. Rechargeable NACP nanocomposite is promising for caries-inhibiting restorations, and the Ca and P ion recharge and re-release method has wide applicability to dental composites, adhesives, cements and sealants to achieve long-term caries-inhibition. (C) 2015 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Ling; Chen, Jihua] Fourth Mil Med Univ, State Key Lab Mil Stomatol, Dept Prosthodont, Sch Stomatol, Xian 710032, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Ling; Weir, Michael D.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Chow, Laurence C.] NIST, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, ADAF, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Antonucci, Joseph M.] NIST, Biomat Grp, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu FU NIH [R01 DE17974]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51373198]; China Scholarship Council; University of Maryland; University of Maryland School of Dentistry Bridge Fund FX We thank Dr. Ning Zhang of the University of Maryland School of Dentistry for discussions and experimental help. This study was supported by NIH R01 DE17974 (HX), National Natural Science Foundation of China 51373198 (LZ), China Scholarship Council (LZ), University of Maryland Seed Grant (HX), and University of Maryland School of Dentistry Bridge Fund (HX). NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.015 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA DE7ID UT WOS:000370808400021 PM 26743970 ER PT J AU Gaos, AR Lewison, RL Liles, MJ Gadea, V Altamirano, E Henriquez, AV Torres, P Urteaga, J Vallejo, F Baquero, A LeMarie, C Munoz, JP Chaves, JA Hart, CE de Niz, AP Chacon, D Fonseca, L Otterstrom, S Yanez, IL LaCasella, EL Frey, A Jensen, MP Dutton, PH AF Gaos, Alexander R. Lewison, Rebecca L. Liles, Michael J. Gadea, Velkiss Altamirano, Eduardo Henriquez, Ana V. Torres, Perla Urteaga, Jose Vallejo, Felipe Baquero, Andres LeMarie, Carolina Pablo Munoz, Juan Chaves, Jaime A. Hart, Catherine E. Pena de Niz, Alejandro Chacon, Didiher Fonseca, Luis Otterstrom, Sarah Yanez, Ingrid L. LaCasella, Erin L. Frey, Amy Jensen, Michael P. Dutton, Peter H. TI Hawksbill turtle terra incognita: conservation genetics ofeastern Pacific rookeries SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Critically endangered; Eretmochelys imbricata; management units; mangroves; phylogeography; reproductive ecotype ID ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SEA-TURTLES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CARETTA-CARETTA; MTDNA SEQUENCES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; REEF FISHES AB Prior to 2008 and the discovery of several important hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting colonies in the EP (Eastern Pacific), the species was considered virtually absent from the region. Research since that time has yielded new insights into EP hawksbills, salient among them being the use of mangrove estuaries for nesting. These recent revelations have raised interest in the genetic characterization of hawksbills in the EP, studies of which have remained lacking to date. Between 2008 and 2014, we collected tissue samples from 269 nesting hawksbills at nine rookeries across the EP and used mitochondrial DNA sequences (766bp) to generate the first genetic characterization of rookeries in the region. Our results inform genetic diversity, population differentiation, and phylogeography of the species. Hawksbills in the EP demonstrate low genetic diversity: We identified a total of only seven haplotypes across the region, including five new and two previously identified nesting haplotypes (pooled frequencies of 58.4% and 41.6%, respectively), the former only evident in Central American rookeries. Despite low genetic diversity, we found strong stock structure between the four principal rookeries, suggesting the existence of multiple populations and warranting their recognition as distinct management units. Furthermore, haplotypes EiIP106 and EiIP108 are unique to hawksbills that nest in mangrove estuaries, a behavior found only in hawksbills along Pacific Central America. The detected genetic differentiation supportsthe existence of a novel mangrove estuary reproductive ecotype that may warrant additional conservation attention. From a phylogeographic perspective, our research indicates hawksbills colonized the EP via the Indo-Pacific, and do not represent relict populations isolated from the Atlantic by the rising of the Panama Isthmus. Low overall genetic diversity in the EP is likely the combined result of few rookeries, extremely small reproductive populations and evolutionarily recent colonization events. Additional research with larger sample sizes and variable markers will help further genetic understanding of hawksbill turtles in the EP. C1 [Gaos, Alexander R.; Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.; Jensen, Michael P.] NOAA, Ocean Associates Inc, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Liles, Michael J.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Gadea, Velkiss; Altamirano, Eduardo; Torres, Perla; Urteaga, Jose] Fauna & Flora Int, Managua, Nicaragua. [Urteaga, Jose] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Vallejo, Felipe; Baquero, Andres; LeMarie, Carolina; Pablo Munoz, Juan] Fdn Equilibrio Azul, Quito, Ecuador. [Pablo Munoz, Juan; Chaves, Jaime A.] Univ San Francisco Quito, Galapagos Sci Ctr, Isla San Cristobal, Ecuador. [Hart, Catherine E.] Red Tortuguera AC, Guayabitos, Nayarit, Mexico. [Hart, Catherine E.] Grp Tortuguero Calif AC, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. [Hart, Catherine E.] Univ Exeter, Marine Turtle Res Grp, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Sch Biosci, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, England. [Pena de Niz, Alejandro] Ctr Protecc Conservac Tortugas Marinas Playa Teop, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. [Chacon, Didiher; Fonseca, Luis] Latin Amer Sea Turtles, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Otterstrom, Sarah] Paso Pacifico, Managua, Nicaragua. [LaCasella, Erin L.; Frey, Amy; Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.; Liles, Michael J.; Gadea, Velkiss; Altamirano, Eduardo; Henriquez, Ana V.; Torres, Perla; Urteaga, Jose; Vallejo, Felipe; Baquero, Andres; LeMarie, Carolina; Pablo Munoz, Juan; Hart, Catherine E.; Pena de Niz, Alejandro; Chacon, Didiher; Fonseca, Luis; Otterstrom, Sarah; Yanez, Ingrid L.] Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiat, 2965 Redwood St, San Diego, CA 92104 USA. RP Gaos, AR (reprint author), Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiat, 2965 Redwood St, San Diego, CA 92104 USA. EM gaos@hawksbill.org FU Pacific Rim Research Program of the University of California; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF); William H. Donnor Foundation; US Agency for International Development (USAID); SeeTurtles.org FX Sample processing and analytical support were provided by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS-NOAA). This research was also funded in part by a grant from the Pacific Rim Research Program of the University of California. We also recognize the financial contributions from several organizations that enabled the operation of the hawksbill conservation projects during which the samples presented in this paper were collected, including the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF), U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS), International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF), William H. Donnor Foundation, US Agency for International Development (USAID), and SeeTurtles.org. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1251 EP 1264 DI 10.1002/ece3.1897 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DF1AC UT WOS:000371069800032 PM 26941950 ER PT J AU Mueller, CJ Cannella, WJ Bays, JT Bruno, TJ DeFabio, K Dettman, HD Gieleciak, RM Huber, ML Kweon, CB McConnell, SS Pitz, WJ Ratcliff, MA AF Mueller, Charles J. Cannella, William J. Bays, J. Timothy Bruno, Thomas J. DeFabio, Kathy Dettman, Heather D. Gieleciak, Rafal M. Huber, Marcia L. Kweon, Chol-Bum McConnell, Steven S. Pitz, William J. Ratcliff, Matthew A. TI Diesel Surrogate Fuels for Engine Testing and Chemical-Kinetic Modeling: Compositions and Properties SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DISTILLATION CURVE APPROACH; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; TRANSPORTATION FUELS; CETANE NUMBER; N-HEXADECANE; SHOCK-TUBE; COMBUSTION; MECHANISM; IGNITION; 1,3,5-TRIISOPROPYLCYCLOHEXANE AB The primary objectives of this work were to formulate, blend, and characterize a set of four ultralow-sulfur diesel surrogate fuels in quantities sufficient to enable their study in single-cylinder-engine and combustion-vessel experiments. The surrogate fuels feature increasing levels of compositional accuracy (i.e., increasing exactness in matching hydrocarbon structural characteristics) relative to the single target diesel fuel upon which the surrogate fuels are based. This approach was taken to assist in determining the minimum level of surrogate-fuel compositional accuracy that is required to adequately emulate the performance characteristics of the target fuel under different combustion modes. For each of the four surrogate fuels, an approximately 30 L batch was blended, and a number of the physical aid chemical properties were measured. This work documents the surrogate-fuel creation process= and the results of the property measurements. C1 [Mueller, Charles J.] Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave,MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Cannella, William J.; DeFabio, Kathy] Chevron Energy Technol Co, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, CA 94801 USA. [Bays, J. Timothy] Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bruno, Thomas J.; Huber, Marcia L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dettman, Heather D.; Gieleciak, Rafal M.] Nat Resources Canada CanmetENERGY, 1 Oil Patch Dr, Devon, AB T9G 1A8, Canada. [Kweon, Chol-Bum] US Army Res Lab, 4603 Flare Loop Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [McConnell, Steven S.] Marathon Petr Co, 539 South Main St, Findlay, OH 45840 USA. [Pitz, William J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ratcliff, Matthew A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mueller, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave,MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cjmuell@sandia.gov RI Kweon, Chol-Bum/G-5425-2016 FU U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) Office of Vehicle Technologies; Coordinating Research Council (CRC); CRC; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian federal government interdepartmental Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD); ecoENERGY Innovation Initiative (ecoEII); U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Chevron Energy Technology Co., a division of Chevron USA, Richmond, CA, USA; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830, DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. DOE, Vehicle Technologies Office; Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC [DE347AC36-99GO10337] FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) Office of Vehicle Technologies, the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) and the companies that employ the CRC members, Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian federal government interdepartmental Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD) and ecoENERGY Innovation Initiative (ecoEII), and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. The study was conducted under the auspices of CRC. We thank U.S. DOE program managers Kevin Stork and Gurpreet Singh for supporting the participation of the U.S. national laboratories in this study. C.J.M's portion of the research was conducted at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. W.J.C's portion of the research was funded by and conducted at Chevron Energy Technology Co., a division of Chevron USA, Richmond, CA, USA. J.T.B's portion of the research was conducted at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a multiprogram laboratory operated by the Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830 for the U.S. DOE. J.T.B. also thanks Drs. John Linehan, Molly O'Hagan, and Suh-Jane Lee, Mr. Gregory Coffey, Ms. Margaret Jones, Ms. Tricia Smurthwaite, and Ms. Diana Tran for their discussions and assistance in obtaining data critical to this work. W.J.P's portion of the research was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. M.A.R's portion of the research was conducted at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA, with support from the U.S. DOE, Vehicle Technologies Office. NREL is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC under Contract No. DE347AC36-99GO10337. M.A.R. thanks NREL colleagues Jon Luecke, Earl Christensen, Gina Chupka, and Lisa Fouts for their excellent technical contributions to this work. Finally, helpful input and guidance from Kenneth D. Rose, formerly of ExxonMobil, are gratefully acknowledged. NR 82 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD FEB PY 2016 VL 30 IS 2 BP 1445 EP 1461 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02879 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DE5NZ UT WOS:000370679000075 PM 27330248 ER PT J AU Reum, JCP Alin, SR Harvey, CJ Bednarsek, N Evans, W Feely, RA Hales, B Lucey, N Mathis, JT McElhany, P Newton, J Sabine, CL AF Reum, Jonathan C. P. Alin, Simone R. Harvey, Chris J. Bednarsek, Nina Evans, Wiley Feely, Richard A. Hales, Burke Lucey, Noelle Mathis, Jeremy T. McElhany, Paul Newton, Jan Sabine, Christopher L. TI Interpretation and design of ocean acidification experiments in upwelling systems in the context of carbonate chemistry co-variation with temperature and oxygen SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE California Current; climate change; hypoxia; multistressor experiment; pH ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; INORGANIC CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-URCHIN; STRONGYLOCENTROTUS-PURPURATUS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; OLYMPIA OYSTER; EL-NINO; ORGANISMS AB Coastal upwelling regimes are some of the most productive ecosystems in the ocean but are also among the most vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA) due to naturally high background concentrations of CO2. Yet our ability to predict how these ecosystems will respond to additional CO2 resulting from anthropogenic emissions is poor. To help address this uncertainty, researchers perform manipulative experiments where biological responses are evaluated across different CO2 partial pressure (pCO(2)) levels. In upwelling systems, however, contemporary carbonate chemistry variability remains only partly characterized and patterns of co-variation with other biologically important variables such as temperature and oxygen are just beginning to be explored in the context of OA experimental design. If co-variation among variables is prevalent, researchers risk performing OA experiments with control conditions that are not experienced by the focal species, potentially diminishing the ecological relevance of the experiment. Here, we synthesized a large carbonate chemistry dataset that consists of carbonate chemistry, temperature, and oxygen measurements from multiple moorings and ship-based sampling campaigns from the California Current Ecosystem (CCE), and includes fjord and tidal estuaries and open coastal waters. We evaluated patterns of pCO(2) variability and highlight important co-variation between pCO(2), temperature, and oxygen. We subsequently compared environmental pCO(2)-temperature measurements with conditions maintained in OA experiments that used organisms from the CCE. By drawing such comparisons, researchers can gain insight into the ecological relevance of previously published OA experiments, but also identify species or life history stages that may already be influenced by contemporary carbonate chemistry conditions. We illustrate the implications co-variation among environmental variables can have for the interpretation of OA experimental results and suggest an approach for designing experiments with pCO(2) levels that better reflect OA hypotheses while simultaneously recognizing natural co-variation with other biologically relevant variables. C1 [Reum, Jonathan C. P.; Harvey, Chris J.; McElhany, Paul] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Alin, Simone R.; Bednarsek, Nina; Evans, Wiley; Feely, Richard A.; Mathis, Jeremy T.; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Evans, Wiley; Mathis, Jeremy T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, 245 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hales, Burke] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lucey, Noelle] Marine Environm & Sustainable Dev Unit ENEA, POB 224, La Spezia, Italy. [Newton, Jan] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Reum, Jonathan C. P.] Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Reum, JCP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.; Reum, JCP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM jonathan.reum@noaa.gov FU National Research Council; NOAA's Climate Programme Office's Global Carbon Cycle Programme [GC05-288, GC10-102]; NOAA's Ocean Acidification Programme; NOAA/PMEL; Murdock Charitable Trust; NANOOS (Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems); NANOOS (Regional Association of NOAA's US Integrated Ocean Observing System Programme); UW/APL; UW College of the Environment; UW Provost's Office; State of Washington through UW Oceanography; APL; NOAA through NANOOS; NSF through CMOP (Science and Technology Center for Coastal Margin Observation and Prediction) [OCE-0424602]; NSF [OCE-0752576] FX The authors wish to thank many research technical staff in the laboratories that contributed data used in this manuscript, particularly the scientific and engineering staff in NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) carbon, CTD-O2, and engineering groups; UW's Applied Physics Laboratory (UW/APL) and School of Oceanography; OSU's College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean Ecology and Biogeochemistry division; and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Ocean Time Series Group for the tremendous effort involved in making these datasets available. In addition, we thank the officers and crew on all spatial surveys, underway observing ships, and mooring deployments for their able assistance during field operations. Funding for JCPR was provided through a National Research Council Fellowship. Funding for NOAA/PMEL contributions to the mooring time-series, underway pCO2, and spatial survey data used in these analyses were provided by NOAA's Climate Programme Office's Global Carbon Cycle Programme (grants GC05-288 and GC10-102), NOAA's Ocean Acidification Programme, and NOAA/PMEL. The Cha ba mooring off La Push, Washington, was also supported by the Murdock Charitable Trust, NANOOS (Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems, a Regional Association of NOAA's US Integrated Ocean Observing System Programme), UW/APL, UW College of the Environment, and UW Provost's Office. The PRISM cruises were supported by the State of Washington through UW Oceanography and APL. The NH10 mooring is funded by NOAA through NANOOS, and by NSF through CMOP (Science and Technology Center for Coastal Margin Observation and Prediction OCE-0424602). Surface ocean pCO2 data collected on the NH10 mooring were supported by NSF Chemical Oceanography OCE-0752576 awarded to BH and P.G. Strutton. I. Kaplan, T. Klinger, and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on early versions of the manuscript. This is PMEL contribution number 4100. NR 76 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 32 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 582 EP 595 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu231 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AR UT WOS:000371142000008 ER PT J AU Swiney, KM Long, WC Foy, RJ AF Swiney, Katherine M. Long, William Christopher Foy, Robert J. TI Effects of high pCO(2) on Tanner crab reproduction and early life history-Part I: long-term exposure reduces hatching success and female calcification, and alters embryonic development SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcification; Chionoecetes bairdi; embryonic development; hatching success; ocean acidification; Tanner crab ID CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI DECAPODA; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; EUROPEAN LOBSTER; BERING-SEA; KING CRAB; SNOW CRAB; MAJIDAE; OPILIO; INVERTEBRATES; SURVIVAL AB Ocean acidification, a decrease in ocean pH due to absorption of anthropogenic atmospheric CO2, has variable effects on different species. To examine the effects of long-term exposure on Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) embryonic development, hatching success, and calcification, ovigerous females were reared in one of three treatments: ambient pH (similar to 8.1), pH 7.8, and pH 7.5 for 2 years. Embryos and larvae in year 1 were from oocytes developed in the field and appear resilient to high pCO(2). Embryos and larvae in year 2 were from oocytes developed under high pCO(2) conditions. Oocyte development appears sensitive to high pCO(2), effects carryover and altered embryonic development, and reduced hatching success with on average 71% fewer viable larvae hatched in the pH 7.5 treatment than in the other treatments. Per cent calcium was reduced among females exposed to pH 7.5 waters, and their carapaces were noticeably more pliable than those in the other treatments. Softer carapaces may result in reduced defences against predators, and a reduction in the ability to feed on prey with hard parts such as shells. The results from this long-term study suggest that projected ocean pH levels within the next two centuries will likely have a pronounced impact on Tanner crab populations unless the crab are able to acclimatize or adapt to changing conditions. C1 [Swiney, Katherine M.; Long, William Christopher; Foy, Robert J.] NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Swiney, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM katherine.swiney@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [536]; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) FX This project was funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB publication no. 536) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). We thank NMFS biologists and laboratory technicians for their assistance who made this project possible. Previous versions of this paper were improved by comments from J. Napp and C. Ryer and two anonymous reviewers. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 13 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 825 EP 835 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv201 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AR UT WOS:000371142000031 ER PT J AU Long, WC Swiney, KM Foy, RJ AF Long, W. Christopher Swiney, Katherine M. Foy, Robert J. TI Effects of high pCO(2) on Tanner crab reproduction and early life history, Part II: carryover effects on larvae from oogenesis and embryogenesis are stronger than direct effects SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crabs; early life history; hypercapnia; larvae; mortality; ocean acidification; Tanner crabs; transgenerational ID PROXIMATE BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BARNACLE SEMIBALANUS-BALANOIDES; HOMARUS-GAMMARUS L.; BERING-SEA SHELF; RED KING CRAB; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI; EUROPEAN LOBSTER; PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICUS; PETROLISTHES-CINCTIPES AB Anthropogenic CO2 release is increasing the pCO(2) in the atmosphere and oceans and causing a decrease in the pH of the oceans. This decrease in pH, known as ocean acidification, can have substantial negative effects on marine life. In this study, we use wild-brooded larvae and larvae from females held in treatment pH for two brooding cycles over 2 years to detect carryover effects from oogenesis and embryogenesis. Ovigerous females were held at three pHs: similar to 8.1 (Ambient), 7.8, and 7.5. Exposure to acidified conditions at the larval stage alone had minimal effects on the larvae, possibly because larvae may be adapted to living in an environment with large pH swings. Exposure of Tanner crab larvae to low pH during the embryo phase had a more substantial effect on morphology, size, Ca/Mg content, and metabolic rate than exposure during the larval phase, and maternal exposure during the oogenesis phase increased the carryover effect. Although the larval phase itself is resilient to low pH, carryover effects are likely to have a negative effect on larvae in the wild. These results, combined with negative effects of high pCO(2) at other life history stages, indicate that high pCO(2) may have a negative effect on the Tanner crab populations and fisheries soon. C1 [Long, W. Christopher; Swiney, Katherine M.; Foy, Robert J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Kodiak L, 301 Res Ct, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Long, WC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Kodiak L, 301 Res Ct, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM chris.long@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [537]; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) FX This project was funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB publication no. 537) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). We thank NMFS biologists and laboratory technicians for their assistance which made this project possible. Previous versions of this paper were improved by comments from J. Napp, C. Ryer, J. Long, and four anonymous reviewers. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 836 EP 848 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv251 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AR UT WOS:000371142000032 ER PT J AU Punt, AE Foy, RJ Dalton, MG Long, WC Swiney, KM AF Punt, Andre E. Foy, Robert J. Dalton, Michael G. Long, W. Christopher Swiney, Katherine M. TI Effects of long-term exposure to ocean acidification conditions on future southern Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) fisheries management SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chionoecetes bairdi; North Pacific; ocean acidification; southern Tanner crab; stock assessment ID EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; NECORA PUBER; CO2; IMPACT; SURVIVAL; SEAWATER; OREGONIINAE; MATURITY; COPEPODS; PROXIES AB Demographic models of pre- and post-recruitment population dynamics were developed to account for the effects of ocean acidification on biological parameters that affect southern Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) larval hatching success and larval and juvenile survival. Projections of stock biomass based on these linked models were used to calculate biological and economic reference points on which fisheries management advice is based and thus provide fisheries managers with strategic advice on the likely long-term consequences of ocean acidification. The models utilized information for southern Tanner crab in the eastern Bering Sea. This information included the monitoring data on which conventional size-structured stock assessments are based, as well as the functional relationships that determine survival based on experiments that evaluated the consequences of ocean acidification over the next 100 200 years on crab larval hatching success, larval survival, and the survival of juvenile crab. The results highlighted that juvenile survival had the largest effect (similar to 20% decrease over 75 years) on biological and economic reference points, while hatching success, particularly if density dependence occurs after hatching, and larval survival have smaller effects (<10% decrease). Catch and profits would be expected to decrease by >50% in 20 years if natural mortality is affected by ocean acidification. Additional laboratory data on oocyte and embryo development leads to large changes in biological reference points depending on the timing of ocean acidification effects relative to natural mortality. The results highlight the need for experiments to evaluate the longer term physiological effects of ocean acidification on multiple life history stages and to measure indices that directly inform population dynamics models to evaluate future management scenarios. C1 [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, POB 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Foy, Robert J.; Dalton, Michael G.; Long, W. Christopher; Swiney, Katherine M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Way Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Punt, AE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, POB 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aepunt@uw.edu RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 FU Joint Institute for the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program through the Joint Institute of the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [1010] FX This work was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program through the Joint Institute of the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative agreement No. NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2476. The biological experiments on crab were funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB Project #1010). We thank the NOAA biologists and laboratory technicians responsible for the collection of the biological data at the Kodiak Laboratory. Martin Dorn (NOAA, AFSC), Gordon Kruse (UAF), and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. OMB disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 849 EP 864 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv205 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AR UT WOS:000371142000033 ER PT J AU Enochs, IC Manzello, DP Wirshing, HH Carlton, R Serafy, J AF Enochs, I. C. Manzello, D. P. Wirshing, H. H. Carlton, R. Serafy, J. TI Micro-CT analysis of the Caribbean octocoral Eunicea flexuosa subjected to elevated pCO(2) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcification; micro-CT; ocean acidification; octocoral; sclerite ID CRUSTOSE CORALLINE ALGAE; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; GORGONIANS COELENTERATA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REEF; SEAWATER; WATER; DISSOCIATION AB Rising anthropogenic carbon dioxide has resulted in a drop in ocean pH, a phenomenon known as ocean acidification (OA). These acidified waters have many ramifications for diverse marine biota, especially those species which precipitate calcium carbonate skeletons. The permanence of coral reef ecosystems is therefore closely related to OA stress as habitat-forming corals will exhibit reduced calcification and growth. Relatively little is known concerning the fate of other constituent taxa which may either suffer concomitant declines or be competitively favoured in acidified waters. Here, we experimentally (49 d) test the effects of next century predictions for OA (pH = 7.75, pCO(2) = 1081 mu atm) vs. near-present-day conditions (pH = 8.01, pCO(2) = 498 mu atm) on the common Caribbean octocoral Eunicea flexuosa. We measure linear extension of this octocoral and use a novel technique, high-resolution micro-computed tomography, to measure potential differences in the morphology of calcified internal skeletal structures (sclerites) in a 2 mm apical section of each branch. Despite the use of highly accurate procedures, we found no significant differences between treatments in either the growth of E. flexuosa branches or the structure of their sclerites. Our results suggest a degree of resilience to OA stress and provide evidence that this octocoral species may persist on Caribbean coral reefs, despite global change. C1 [Enochs, I. C.; Carlton, R.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enochs, I. C.; Manzello, D. P.; Carlton, R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wirshing, H. H.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Box 37012,MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Serafy, J.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Enochs, IC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Enochs, IC (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ienochs@rsmas.miami.edu RI Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014 OI Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361 FU NOAA's CRCP; OAP FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from NOAA's CRCP and OAP. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 910 EP 919 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv159 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AR UT WOS:000371142000038 ER PT J AU Hurst, TP Laurel, BJ Mathis, JT Tobosa, LR AF Hurst, Thomas P. Laurel, Benjamin J. Mathis, Jeremy T. Tobosa, Lauren R. TI Effects of elevated CO2 levels on eggs and larvae of a North Pacific flatfish SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; early life history; flatfish; growth rate; hypercapnia; ocean acidification ID SOLE LEPIDOPSETTA-POLYXYSTRA; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ROCK SOLE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; WALLEYE POLLOCK; CHANGING OCEAN; GADUS-MORHUA; BERING-SEA; GROWTH AB The Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska support a number of commercially important flatfish fisheries. These high latitude ecosystems are predicted to be most immediately impacted by ongoing ocean acidification, but the range of responses by commercial fishery species has yet to be fully explored. In this study, we examined the growth responses of northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) eggs and larvae across a range of CO2 levels (ambient to 1500 mu atm) to evaluate the potential sensitivity to ocean acidification. Laboratory-spawned eggs and larvae were reared at 88 degrees C in a flow-through culture system in which CO2 levels were maintained via computer-controlled injection of CO2 into a seawater conditioning tank. Overall, we observed only minor effects of elevated CO2 level on sizes of northern rock sole larvae. Size at hatch differed among offspring from four different females, but there was no significant effect of CO2 level on egg survival or size at hatch. In three separate larval growth trials, there was little effect of CO2 level on growth rates through the first 28 d post-hatch (DPH). However, in the one trial extended to 60 DPH, fish reared at the highest CO2 level had lower condition factors after 28 DPH, suggesting that larvae undergoing metamorphosis may be more sensitive to environmental hypercapnia than earlier pre-flexion stages. These results suggest that while early life stages of northern rock sole are less sensitive to ocean acidification than previously examined flatfish, they may be more sensitive to elevated CO2 levels than a previously studied gadid with a similar geographic range. C1 [Hurst, Thomas P.; Laurel, Benjamin J.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program,Resource Assessment, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Tobosa, Lauren R.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program,Resource Assessment, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM thomas.hurst@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Ocean Acidification Research Programme; Research Experience for Undergraduates internship; National Science Foundation [OCE-1263349]; Department of Defense ASSURE Programme FX Scott Haines, Mara Spencer, Eric Hanneman, Michele Ottmar, and Paul Iseri assisted with fish culture. Chris Magel assisted with maintenance of pH regulation and monitoring throughout the experiments. M. Hawkyard, J. Andrade, C. Ryer, and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on this manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. This project was funded by grants to TPH and JTM from NOAA's Ocean Acidification Research Programme. LRT was supported by a Research Experience for Undergraduates internship co-funded by the Department of Defense ASSURE Programme and the National Science Foundation under award OCE-1263349 to the Oregon State University's Hatfield Marine Science Center. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 981 EP 990 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv050 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AR UT WOS:000371142000045 ER PT J AU Barmuta, P Ribeiro, D Wang, K Avolio, G Rajabi, M Lewandowski, A Gibiino, GP Szatkowski, J Schreurs, D Hale, P Remley, K Williams, D AF Barmuta, Pawel Ribeiro, Diogo Wang, Kuangda Avolio, Gustavo Rajabi, Mohammad Lewandowski, Arkadiusz Gibiino, Gian Piero Szatkowski, Jaroslaw Schreurs, Dominique Hale, Paul Remley, Kate Williams, Dylan TI Comparing LSNA Calibrations SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL-NETWORK-ANALYZER; ARTIFACT C1 [Barmuta, Pawel] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium. [Barmuta, Pawel] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Ribeiro, Diogo] Univ Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. [Ribeiro, Diogo; Hale, Paul; Remley, Kate; Williams, Dylan] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, Kuangda] Ecole Polytech Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Avolio, Gustavo; Rajabi, Mohammad; Schreurs, Dominique] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium. [Lewandowski, Arkadiusz; Szatkowski, Jaroslaw] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Gibiino, Gian Piero] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rome, Italy. [Gibiino, Gian Piero] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Barmuta, P (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.; Barmuta, P (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland.; Ribeiro, D (reprint author), Univ Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.; Ribeiro, D; Hale, P; Remley, K; Williams, D (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA.; Wang, K (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada.; Avolio, G; Rajabi, M; Lewandowski, A; Schreurs, D (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.; Lewandowski, A; Szatkowski, J (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland.; Gibiino, GP (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rome, Italy.; Gibiino, GP (reprint author), Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. EM Pawel.Barmuta@esat.kuleuven.be; dcribeiro@ua.pt; kuangda.wang@polymtl.ca; gustavo.avolio@esat.kuleuven.be; Mohammad.Rajabi@esat.kuleuven.be; A.Lewandowski@elka.pw.edu.pl; gianpiero.gibiino@esat.kuleuven.be; J.Szatkowski@stud.elka.pw.edu.pl; Dominique.Schreurs@kuleuven.be; paul.hale@nist.gov; kate.remley@nist.gov; dylan.williams@nist.gov RI GIBIINO, GIAN PIERO/R-3708-2016; OI GIBIINO, GIAN PIERO/0000-0002-1261-9527; Avolio, Gustavo/0000-0002-8910-1638 FU Research Foundation of Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen); Hercules Foundation; IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Graduate Fellowship; European-Union European Social Fund through Warsaw University of Technology Development Program; Polish National Science Center [2011/03/D/ST7/01731]; Fundacao para a Cicncia e Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/85163/2012] FX The Leuven/Warsaw team was supported by the Research Foundation of Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen) and the Hercules Foundation. P. Barmuta was supported by an IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Graduate Fellowship and by the European-Union European Social Fund through the Warsaw University of Technology Development Program. A. Lewandowski was supported by the Polish National Science Center under project no. 2011/03/D/ST7/01731. D. Ribeiro was supported by the Fundacao para a Cicncia e Tecnologia (F.C.T.) under Ph.D. grant SFRH/BD/85163/2012. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 EI 1557-9581 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 17 IS 2 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1109/MMM.2015.2499043 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DE8WI UT WOS:000370917000009 ER PT J AU Nannapaneni, S Mahadevan, S Rachuri, S AF Nannapaneni, Saideep Mahadevan, Sankaran Rachuri, Sudarsan TI Performance evaluation of a manufacturing process under uncertainty using Bayesian networks SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty quantification; Manufacturing; Bayesian network; Sensitivity analysis; Energy consumption ID COMPUTATIONAL MODELS; ERROR ESTIMATION; INFORMATION; SELECTION; SYSTEMS AB This paper proposes a systematic framework using Bayesian networks to aggregate the uncertainty from multiple sources for the purpose of uncertainty quantification (UQ) in the prediction of performance of a manufacturing process. Energy consumption, one of the key metrics of manufacturing process sustain ability performance, is used to illustrate the proposed methodology. The prediction of energy consumption is not straightforward due to the presence of uncertainty in many process variables and the models used for prediction. The uncertainty is both aleatory (statistical) and epistemic (lack of knowledge); both sources of uncertainty are considered in the proposed UQ methodology. The uncertainty sources occur at different stages of the manufacturing process and do not combine in a straightforward manner, thus a Bayesian network approach is found to be advantageous in uncertainty aggregation. A dimension reduction approach through variance-based global sensitivity analysis is proposed to reduce the number of variables in the system and facilitate scalability in high-dimensional problems. The proposed methodologies for uncertainty quantification and dimension reduction are demonstrated using two examples an injection molding process and a welding process. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nannapaneni, Saideep; Mahadevan, Sankaran] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Rachuri, Sudarsan] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahadevan, S (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM sankaran.mahadevan@vanderbilt.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology under Smart Manufacturing Data Analytics Project [70NANB14H036] FX The research reported in this paper was supported by funds from the National Institute of Standards and Technology under Smart Manufacturing Data Analytics Project (Cooperative Agreement No. 70NANB14H036). The support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 113 BP 947 EP 959 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.003 PG 13 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE9XM UT WOS:000370993200089 ER PT J AU DeMartini, EE Howard, KG AF DeMartini, E. E. Howard, K. G. TI Comparisons of body sizes at sexual maturity and at sex change in the parrotfishes of Hawaii: input needed for management regulations and stock assessments SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maturation rates; scarids; scarine labrid; sex allocation ID REEF FISH; HERMAPHRODITISM; MICRONESIA; COMMUNITY; FISHERIES; HISTORY; ATOLLS AB First estimates of sex allocation patterns and body size-at-sexual maturity and at protogynous sex change are presented for the five major (including one endemic) species of parrotfishes of Hawaii. Median body size at initial maturation as a female (L-M50) and at protogynous sex change from adult female to adult male (L-50) varied greatly among the five species. Estimates of L-M50 were about 14, 17, 24, 34 and 35 cm fork length (L-F) in palenose Scarus psittacus, Pacific bullethead Chlorurus spilurus, stareye Calotomus carolinus, spectacled Chlorurus perspicillatus and redlip parrotfish Scarus rubroviolaceus. Values of L-50 were c. 23, 27, 37, 46 and 47 cm L-F in the respective species. Length at female maturation was proportional to maximum body size (L-max) of the respective species, ranging from 50 to 72% and averaging 62% of L-max across species. L-50 was also proportional to L-max, ranging from 82 to 97% and averaging 92%. Males of both pairs of Scarus and Chlorurus spp. reported here are diandric. Only one of the five major species (C. carolinus) is functionally monandric, with either all or nearly all males secondarily derived from adult females. The broadly differing absolute body sizes at sexual maturation and at sex change among the five species have important implications for improving regulatory size limits for parrotfishes in the State of Hawaii, where parrotfish species have historically been managed based on a single minimum size limit of 305 cm L-F. This study provides a model demonstration of why catch data for parrotfishes, and other size-structured reef-fish populations, should be recorded either by species or by functional size-groups of species that allow setting more meaningful minimum size limits. C1 [DeMartini, E. E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [DeMartini, E. E.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Howard, K. G.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP DeMartini, EE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.; DeMartini, EE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM edward.demartini@noaa.gov FU Bio-Sampling Initiative; Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council; SeaGrant College Programme (NOAA) at University of Hawaii; NSF [DGE05-38550]; University of Hawaii Graduate Student Organization FX This study was supported in part by Bio-Sampling Initiative funding provided to E.E.D. at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and in part to K.G.H. by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, the SeaGrant College Programme (NOAA) at the University of Hawaii, NSF grant DGE05-38550 to the University of Hawaii Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology group and the University of Hawaii Graduate Student Organization. Parts of this study are based on an unpublished PhD thesis (Zoology) by K.G.H. at the University of Hawaii. K.G.H. would like to thank her committee members, especially thesis advisor J. Parrish (deceased), and J.H. Choat and K. Cole for their guidance. J. Claisse, L. Ong and numerous other graduate students and research assistants helped collect field and laboratory data. Comments by R. Humphreys, B. Taylor and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 88 IS 2 BP 523 EP 541 DI 10.1111/jfb.12831 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DE7WS UT WOS:000370848200007 PM 26890131 ER PT J AU Kattner, UR AF Kattner, Ursula R. TI 2015 TMS William Hume-Rothery Award and Symposium SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kattner, Ursula R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kattner, UR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ursula.kattner@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-7037 EI 1863-7345 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1007/s11669-015-0428-9 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DE7UR UT WOS:000370842700001 ER PT J AU Boettinger, WJ AF Boettinger, William J. TI The Solidification of Multicomponent Alloys SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS William Hume-Rothery Award Symposium on Multicomponent Alloy Metallurgy, the Bridge from Materials Science to Materials Engineering CY MAR 15-19, 2015 CL Orlando, FL DE alloys; CALPHAD approach; multicomponent; quaternary; ternary system; theory ID EUTECTIC GROWTH; MODEL; MACROSEGREGATION; MICROSEGREGATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; SUPERALLOYS AB Various topics taken from the author's research portfolio that involve multicomponent alloy solidification are reviewed. Topics include: ternary eutectic solidification and Scheil-Gulliver paths in ternary systems. A case study of the solidification of commercial 2219 aluminum alloy is described. Also presented are modifications of the Scheil-Gulliver analysis to treat dendrite tip kinetics and solid diffusion for multicomponent alloys. C1 [Boettinger, William J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boettinger, WJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.boettinger@nist.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-7037 EI 1863-7345 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 4 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s11669-015-0416-0 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DE7UR UT WOS:000370842700003 ER PT J AU Ghaffarian, R Oh, H Abouzeidc, A Vreelandc, W Raghavan, S Muro, S AF Ghaffarian, Rasa Oh, Hyuntaek Abouzeidc, Abraham Vreelandc, Wyatt Raghavan, Srinivasa Muro, Silvia TI ICAM-1 targeting by direct conjugation enhances gastrointestinal transcytosis and encapsulation enables gastric protection and controlled released for oral enzyme delivery SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th Annual WORLD Symposium CY FEB 29-MAR 04, 2016 CL San Diego, CA C1 [Ghaffarian, Rasa; Oh, Hyuntaek; Raghavan, Srinivasa; Muro, Silvia] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Abouzeidc, Abraham; Vreelandc, Wyatt] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 EI 1096-7206 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 117 IS 2 MA 108 BP S49 EP S49 DI 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.12.266 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA DE8LS UT WOS:000370888100109 ER PT J AU Riser, SC Freeland, HJ Roemmich, D Wijffels, S Troisi, A Belbeoch, M Gilbert, D Xu, JP Pouliquen, S Thresher, A Le Traon, PY Maze, G Klein, B Ravichandran, M Grant, F Poulain, PM Suga, T Lim, B Sterl, A Sutton, P Mork, KA Velez-Belch, PJ Ansorge, I King, B Turton, J Baringer, M Jayne, SR AF Riser, Stephen C. Freeland, Howard J. Roemmich, Dean Wijffels, Susan Troisi, Ariel Belbeoch, Mathieu Gilbert, Denis Xu, Jianping Pouliquen, Sylvie Ann Thresher Le Traon, Pierre-Yves Maze, Guillaume Klein, Birgit Ravichandran, M. Grant, Fiona Poulain, Pierre-Marie Suga, Toshio Lim, Byunghwan Sterl, Andreas Sutton, Philip Mork, Kjell-Arne Joaquin Velez-Belch, Pedro Ansorge, Isabelle King, Brian Turton, Jon Baringer, Molly Jayne, Steven R. TI Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Review ID THETA-S CLIMATOLOGY; SEA-LEVEL RISE; PROFILING FLOATS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CYCLE INTENSIFICATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; MESOSCALE EDDIES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; INDIAN-OCEAN; GULF-STREAM AB More than 90% of the heat energy accumulation in the climate system between 1971 and the present has been in the ocean. Thus, the ocean plays a crucial role in determining the climate of the planet. Observing the oceans is problematic even under the most favourable of conditions. Historically, shipboard ocean sampling has left vast expanses, particularly in the Southern Ocean, unobserved for long periods of time. Within the past 15 years, with the advent of the global Argo array of profiling floats, it has become possible to sample the upper 2,000 m of the ocean globally and uniformly in space and time. The primary goal of Argo is to create a systematic global network of profiling floats that can be integrated with other elements of the Global Ocean Observing System. The network provides freely available temperature and salinity data from the upper 2,000 m of the ocean with global coverage. The data are available within 24 hours of collection for use in a broad range of applications that focus on examining climate-relevant variability on seasonal to decadal timescales, multidecadal climate change, improved initialization of coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models and constraining ocean analysis and forecasting systems. C1 [Riser, Stephen C.] Univ Washington, Dept Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Freeland, Howard J.] Inst Ocean Sci, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, North Saanich, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Roemmich, Dean] Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,0230, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wijffels, Susan; Ann Thresher] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas 7004, Australia. [Troisi, Ariel] Serv Hidrog Naval, A Montes Oca 2124,Buenos Aires C1270 ABV, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Belbeoch, Mathieu] Joint Commiss Oceanog & Marine Meteorol Operat JC, BP 70, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Gilbert, Denis] Inst Maurice Lamontagne, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Xu, Jianping] SOA, Inst Oceanog 2, 36 Baochubei Rd, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Pouliquen, Sylvie; Maze, Guillaume] IFREMER, BP 70, Plouzane, France. [Le Traon, Pierre-Yves] IFREMER, 8-10 Rue Hermes Parc Technol Canal, F-31520 Ramonville St Agne, France. [Le Traon, Pierre-Yves] Mercator Ocean, 8-10 Rue Hermes Parc Technol Canal, F-31520 Ramonville St Agne, France. [Klein, Birgit] Bundesamt Seeschifffahrt & Hydrog, Bernhard Nocht Str 78, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany. [Ravichandran, M.] Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad 500090, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Grant, Fiona] Inst Marine, Int Programmes, Wilton Pk House,Wilton Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Poulain, Pierre-Marie] OGS, 42-C Sgonico, I-20359 Trieste, Italy. [Suga, Toshio] JAMSTEC, Aoba Ku, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-3, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Suga, Toshio] Tohoku Univ, Aoba Ku, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-3, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Lim, Byunghwan] Natl Inst Meteorol Sci KMA, 33 Seohobuk Ro, Seogwipo Si 63568, Jeju Do, South Korea. [Sterl, Andreas] KNMI, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Sutton, Philip] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Reseach, 301 Evans Bay Parade,Greta Point, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. [Mork, Kjell-Arne] Marine Res Inst, POB 1870 Nordes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Joaquin Velez-Belch, Pedro] Inst Espanol Oceanog, Via Espaldon,Darsena Pesquera,Parcela 8, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38180, Spain. [Ansorge, Isabelle] Univ Cape Town, Inst Marine Res, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [King, Brian] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton S014 3ZH, Hants, England. [Turton, Jon] Met Off, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Baringer, Molly] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Jayne, Steven R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Freeland, HJ (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, North Saanich, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM Howard.Freeland@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Gilbert, Denis/A-3067-2010; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Suga, Toshio/C-2708-2009; Maze, Guillaume/B-5247-2008; OI Gilbert, Denis/0000-0002-9554-9594; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Maze, Guillaume/0000-0001-7231-2095; Velez-Belchi, Pedro/0000-0003-2404-5679; Pouliquen, Sylvie/0000-0001-5709-7331; Ravichandran, Muthalagu/0000-0002-4602-0731 NR 58 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 19 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 6 IS 2 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2872 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE9NB UT WOS:000370963400013 ER PT J AU Mellin, C Mouillot, D Kulbicki, M McClanahan, TR Vigliola, L Bradshaw, CJA Brainard, RE Chabanet, P Edgar, GJ Fordham, DA Friedlander, AM Parravicini, V Sequeira, AMM Stuart-Smith, RD Wantiez, L Caley, MJ AF Mellin, C. Mouillot, D. Kulbicki, M. McClanahan, T. R. Vigliola, L. Bradshaw, C. J. A. Brainard, R. E. Chabanet, P. Edgar, G. J. Fordham, D. A. Friedlander, A. M. Parravicini, V. Sequeira, A. M. M. Stuart-Smith, R. D. Wantiez, L. Caley, M. J. TI Humans and seasonal climate variability threaten large-bodied coral reef fish with small ranges SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; SPECIES RICHNESS; EXTINCTION RISK; GLOBAL PATTERNS; HUMAN IMPACT; SIZE; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; OCEAN; BIODIVERSITY AB Coral reefs are among the most species-rich and threatened ecosystems on Earth, yet the extent to which human stressors determine species occurrences, compared with biogeography or environmental conditions, remains largely unknown. With ever-increasing human-mediated disturbances on these ecosystems, an important question is not only how many species can inhabit local communities, but also which biological traits determine species that can persist (or not) above particular disturbance thresholds. Here we show that human pressure and seasonal climate variability are disproportionately and negatively associated with the occurrence of large-bodied and geographically small-ranging fishes within local coral reef communities. These species are 67% less likely to occur where human impact and temperature seasonality exceed critical thresholds, such as in the marine biodiversity hotspot: the Coral Triangle. Our results identify the most sensitive species and critical thresholds of human and climatic stressors, providing opportunity for targeted conservation intervention to prevent local extinctions. C1 [Mellin, C.; Caley, M. J.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Mellin, C.; Bradshaw, C. J. A.; Fordham, D. A.] Univ Adelaide, Inst Environm, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Mellin, C.; Bradshaw, C. J. A.; Fordham, D. A.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Mouillot, D.] Univ Montpellier, IRD CNRS IFREMER UM, UMR MARBEC 9190, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Mouillot, D.; Parravicini, V.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Kulbicki, M.] Univ Perpignan, LABEX Corail, UMR Entropie, Inst Rech Dev, F-66000 Perpignan, France. [McClanahan, T. R.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Marine Programs, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Vigliola, L.] Inst Rech Dev, UMR Entropie, LABEX Corail, BP A5, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Brainard, R. E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Chabanet, P.] IRD, UMR Entropie, LABEX Corail, BP 50172,CS 41095, FR-97495 Ste Clotilde, Reunion. [Edgar, G. J.; Stuart-Smith, R. D.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Friedlander, A. M.] Natl Geog Soc, Pristine Seas, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Friedlander, A. M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Fisheries Ecol Res Lab, Honolulu, HI USA. [Parravicini, V.] Fdn Rech Biodiversite, Ctr Synth & Anal Biodiversite, F-13100 Aix En Provence, France. [Parravicini, V.] Univ Perpignan, LABEX Corail, USR CNRS EPHE UPVD 3278, CRIOBE, F-66860 Perpignan, France. [Sequeira, A. M. M.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol, IOMRC, M470,35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Sequeira, A. M. M.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol, UWA Oceans Inst, M470,35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Sequeira, A. M. M.] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Marine Futures, M470,35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Wantiez, L.] Univ New Caledonia, Res Unit LIVE EA4243, Noumea, New Caledonia. RP Mellin, C (reprint author), Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia.; Mellin, C (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Inst Environm, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.; Mellin, C (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM camille.mellin@adelaide.edu.au RI Vigliola, Laurent/J-7107-2016; Fordham, Damien/E-9255-2013; Parravicini, Valeriano/A-8539-2011; Bradshaw, Corey/A-1311-2008; Wantiez, Laurent/L-3343-2013 OI Vigliola, Laurent/0000-0003-4715-7470; Fordham, Damien/0000-0003-2137-5592; Bradshaw, Corey/0000-0002-5328-7741; Wantiez, Laurent/0000-0001-5024-2057 FU ARC Grant [DE140100701]; Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre; Australian Government's National Environmental Research Program (NERP); European Development Funds (EDF); Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA); John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Fondation pour la Recherche en Biodiversite (FRB) within the CESAB structure FX We thank C. Mora, B. Halpern and A. MacNeil for sharing ideas, and many staff from the authors' institutions for contributing to data collection, in particular R. Galzin and M. Harmelin-Vivien. CM was funded by an ARC Grant (DE140100701). AMMS was supported by a Collaborative Post-doctoral Fellowship (AIMS, CSIRO and UWA) from the Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre. This work was done within the Marine Biodiversity Hub, a collaborative partnership supported through funding from the Australian Government's National Environmental Research Program (NERP) (www.nerpmarine.edu.au). The PROCFish data set was collected under the COFish and PROCFish-C programs implemented by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) through funding by European Development Funds (EDF). TRM and the Western Indian Ocean data collection were supported by the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. Life-history traits and species distributions were accessed through the GASPAR programme financed by the Fondation pour la Recherche en Biodiversite (FRB) within the CESAB structure. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 13 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 7 AR 10491 DI 10.1038/ncomms10491 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DF0EP UT WOS:000371012100003 PM 26839155 ER PT J AU Popp, M Schmidt, H Marotzke, J AF Popp, Max Schmidt, Hauke Marotzke, Jochem TI Transition to a Moist Greenhouse with CO2 and solar forcing SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DOPPLER-SPREAD PARAMETERIZATION; WAVE MOMENTUM DEPOSITION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; RUNAWAY GREENHOUSE; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; HABITABLE ZONES; PLANETS; EARTH AB Water-rich planets such as Earth are expected to become eventually uninhabitable, because liquid water turns unstable at the surface as temperatures increase with solar luminosity. Whether a large increase of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases such as CO2 could also destroy the habitability of water-rich planets has remained unclear. Here we show with three-dimensional aqua-planet simulations that CO2-induced forcing as readily destabilizes the climate as does solar forcing. The climate instability is caused by a positive cloud feedback and leads to a new steady state with global-mean sea-surface temperatures above 330 K. The upper atmosphere is considerably moister in this warm state than in the reference climate, implying that the planet would be subject to substantial loss of water to space. For some elevated CO2 or solar forcings, we find both cold and warm equilibrium states, implying that the climate transition cannot be reversed by removing the additional forcing. C1 [Popp, Max; Schmidt, Hauke; Marotzke, Jochem] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Popp, Max] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Popp, Max] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Popp, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.; Popp, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Popp, M (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. EM mpopp@princeton.edu FU Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science FX We thank Thorsten Mauritsen for a thorough internal review. We thank Eric Wolf for an insightful discussion and for making the data from CAM4 available to us. We thank Jeremy Leconte for making the data from LMDG available to us. We thank Dorian Abbot and two anonymous reviewers for very constructive reviews of this manuscript. We thank the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science for financial support. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 7 AR 10627 DI 10.1038/ncomms10627 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DF0HQ UT WOS:000371020200016 PM 26859279 ER PT J AU Zheng, G Yang, JS Liu, AK Li, XF Pichel, WG He, SY AF Zheng, Gang Yang, Jingsong Liu, Antony K. Li, Xiaofeng Pichel, William G. He, Shuangyan TI Comparison of Typhoon Centers From SAR and IR Images and Those From Best Track Data Sets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Best track (BT); infrared (IR); synthetic aperture radar (SAR); typhoon center ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; INTENSITY; OCEAN; EYES; EXTRACTION; SENSORS AB This paper compares the typhoon centers from the tropical cyclone best track (BT) data sets of three meteorological agencies and those from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and infrared (IR) images. First, we carried out algorithm comparison using two newly developed algorithms and one existing wavelet-based algorithm, which were used to extract typhoon eyes in six SAR images and two IR images. These case studies showed that the extracted eyes by the three algorithms are consistent with each other. The differences among them are relatively small. However, there is a systematic difference between the extracted centers and the typhoon centers from the three BT data sets, which were interpolated to the imaging times first. We then compared the typhoon centers determined from 25 SAR and 43 IR images with those from the three BT data sets to investigate the performance of the latter at the sea surface and at the cloud top, respectively. We found that the typhoon centers from the three BT data sets are generally closer to the locations extracted from the SAR images showing sea-surface imprints of the typhoons than those from the IR images showing cloud-top structures of the typhoons. C1 [Zheng, Gang; Yang, Jingsong] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 2, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Liu, Antony K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liu, Antony K.] Zhejiang Univ, Ocean Coll, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [He, Shuangyan] Zhejiang Univ, Ocean Coll, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Zheng, G (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 2, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM gang_zheng@outlook.com RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41306192, 41228007, 41201350]; NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program FX This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41306192, Grant 41228007, and Grant 41201350 and in part by the NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2016 VL 54 IS 2 BP 1000 EP 1012 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2472282 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DE0XW UT WOS:000370350100031 ER PT J AU Oue, M Galletti, M Verlinde, J Ryzhkov, A Lu, YH AF Oue, Mariko Galletti, Michele Verlinde, Johannes Ryzhkov, Alexander Lu, Yinghui TI Use of X-Band Differential Reflectivity Measurements to Study Shallow Arctic Mixed-Phase Clouds SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Radars/Radar observations; Ice crystals; Cloud microphysics ID DUAL-POLARIZATION RADAR; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; ICE NUCLEI; VERTICAL MOTIONS; DOPPLER RADAR; WINTER CLOUDS; BEAUFORT SEA; LIDAR; SCATTERING AB Microphysical processes in shallow Arctic precipitation clouds are illustrated using measurements of differential reflectivity Z(DR) from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program polarimetric X-band radar deployed in Barrow, Alaska. X-band hemispheric range height indicator scans used in conjunction with Ka-band radar and lidar measurements revealed prolonged periods dominated by vapor depositional, riming, and/or aggregation growth. In each case, ice precipitation fell through at least one liquid-cloud layer in a seeder-feeder situation before reaching the surface. A long period of sustained low radar reflectivity Z(H) (Z) and high Z(DR) (6-7.5 dB) throughout the depth of the cloud and subcloud layer, coinciding with observations of large pristine dendrites at the surface, suggests vapor depositional growth of large dendrites at low number concentrations. In contrast, Z(DR) values decreased to 2-3 dB in the mean profile when surface precipitation was dominated by aggregates or rimed dendrites. Small but consistent differences in zenith Ka-band radar Doppler velocity and lidar depolarization measurements were found between aggregation- and riming-dominated periods. The clean Arctic environment can enhance Z(DR) signals relative to more complex midlatitude cases, producing higher values. C1 [Oue, Mariko; Verlinde, Johannes; Lu, Yinghui] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Galletti, Michele] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Biol Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Oue, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM muo15@psu.edu RI Lu, Yinghui/J-1151-2016 OI Lu, Yinghui/0000-0001-7027-2210 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program [DE-FG02-05ER64058, DE-SC0008811, ER65459] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program, under Grants DE-FG02-05ER64058, DE-SC0008811, and ER65459. The authors thank Scott Giangrande, Edwin Eloranta, Eugene Clothiaux, and Kultegin Aydin for fruitful suggestions and comments. The authors also thank Mark Ivey and Nitin Bharadwaj for collecting radar data during the IOP and Maria Cadeddu for input on the LWP retrievals. Thanks are extended to the reviewers of this paper, whose comments helped to improve the manuscript. The High Spectral Resolution Lidar data were obtained from the University of Wisconsin Lidar Group (http://lidar.ssec.wisc.edu/index.htm). NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 55 IS 2 BP 403 EP 424 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0168.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE1WZ UT WOS:000370418500003 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Vecchi, GA Murakami, H Delworth, T Wittenberg, AT Rosati, A Underwood, S Anderson, W Harris, L Gudgel, R Lin, SJ Villarini, G Chen, JH AF Zhang, Wei Vecchi, Gabriel A. Murakami, Hiroyuki Delworth, Thomas Wittenberg, Andrew T. Rosati, Anthony Underwood, Seth Anderson, Whit Harris, Lucas Gudgel, Richard Lin, Shian-Jiann Villarini, Gabriele Chen, Jan-Huey TI Improved Simulation of Tropical Cyclone Responses to ENSO in the Western North Pacific in the High-Resolution GFDL HiFLOR Coupled Climate Model* SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Models and modeling; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Climate variability; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; ENSO; Climate models ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SEASONAL PREDICTIONS; DECADAL VARIATIONS; SST ANOMALIES AB This study aims to assess whether, and the extent to which, an increase in atmospheric resolution of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution version of CM2.5 (FLOR) with 50-km resolution and the High-Resolution FLOR (HiFLOR) with 25-km resolution improves the simulation of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-tropical cyclone (TC) connections in the western North Pacific (WNP). HiFLOR simulates better ENSO-TC connections in the WNP including TC track density, genesis, and landfall than FLOR in both long-term control experiments and sea surface temperature (SST)- and sea surface salinity (SSS)-restoring historical runs (1971-2012). Restoring experiments are performed with SSS and SST restored to observational estimates of climatological SSS and interannually varying monthly SST. In the control experiments of HiFLOR, an improved simulation of the Walker circulation arising from more realistic SST and precipitation is largely responsible for its better performance in simulating ENSO-TC connections in the WNP. In the SST-restoring experiments of HiFLOR, more realistic Walker circulation and steering flow during El Nino and La Nina are responsible for the improved simulation of ENSO-TC connections in the WNP. The improved simulation of ENSO-TC connections with HiFLOR arises from a better representation of SST and better responses of environmental large-scale circulation to SST anomalies associated with El Nino or La Nina. A better representation of ENSO-TC connections in HiFLOR can benefit the seasonal forecasting of TC genesis, track, and landfall; improve understanding of the interannual variation of TC activity; and provide better projection of TC activity under climate change. C1 [Zhang, Wei; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Murakami, Hiroyuki; Delworth, Thomas; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Rosati, Anthony; Anderson, Whit; Harris, Lucas; Gudgel, Richard; Lin, Shian-Jiann; Chen, Jan-Huey] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zhang, Wei; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Murakami, Hiroyuki; Delworth, Thomas; Chen, Jan-Huey] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zhang, Wei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Wei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing Int Acad Meteorol Sci, Earth Syst Modeling Ctr, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Underwood, Seth] Engil Corp, Chantilly, VA USA. [Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM wei.zhang@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016; OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370; Zhang, Gang/0000-0002-5675-4800; Zhang, Wei/0000-0001-8134-6908 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1262091, AGS-1262099] FX The authors thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for insightful comments and suggestions. The authors are grateful to Lakshmi Krishnamurti and Liping Zhang for their valuable comments on an earlier version of this paper. The authors thank Fanrong Zeng for helpful assistance in experiments. This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants AGS-1262091 and AGS-1262099. NR 84 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1391 EP 1415 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0475.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE2IR UT WOS:000370451500001 ER PT J AU Larson, EJL Portmann, RW AF Larson, Erik J. L. Portmann, Robert W. TI A Temporal Kernel Method to Compute Effective Radiative Forcing in CMIP5 Transient Simulations* SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Climate models; Models and modeling; Radiative forcing; Physical Meteorology and Climatology ID CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; MODEL; FEEDBACKS; CO2 AB Effective radiative forcing (ERF) is calculated as the flux change at the top of the atmosphere after allowing rapid adjustments resulting from a forcing agent, such as greenhouse gases. Rapid adjustments include changes to atmospheric temperature, water vapor, and clouds. Accurate estimates of ERF are necessary in order to understand the drivers of climate change. This work presents a new method of calculating ERF using a kernel derived from the time series of a model variable (e.g., global mean surface temperature) in a model-step change experiment. The top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative imbalance has the best noise tolerance for retrieving the ERF of the model variables tested. This temporal kernel method is compared with an energy balance method, which equates ERF to the TOA radiative imbalance plus the scaled surface temperature change. Sensitivities and biases of these methods are quantified using output from phase 5 of the the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The temporal kernel method is likely more accurate for models in which a linear fit is a poor approximation for the relationship between temperature change and TOA imbalance. The difference between these methods is most apparent in forcing estimates for the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario. The CMIP5 multimodel mean ERF calculated for large volcanic eruptions is 80% of the adjusted forcing reported by the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). This suggests that about 5% more energy has come into the earth system since 1870 than suggested by the IPCC AR5. C1 [Larson, Erik J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Larson, Erik J. L.; Portmann, Robert W.] NOAA ESRL, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Larson, EJL (reprint author), NOAA ESRL, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM erik.larson@noaa.gov RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Larson, Erik/A-8668-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Larson, Erik/0000-0002-8994-1258; FU Chemical Sciences Division of NOAA/ESRL FX We thank Piers Forster, Peter Good, John Daniel, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in the key of Fig. 8) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The authors thank the modeling groups who contributed to phase 5 of the the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. The funding for this work was provided by the Chemical Sciences Division of NOAA/ESRL. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1497 EP 1509 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0577.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE2IU UT WOS:000370451800004 ER PT J AU Perretti, CT Zerofski, PJ Sedarat, M AF Perretti, Charles T. Zerofski, Philip J. Sedarat, Mohammad TI The spawning dynamics of California market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens) as revealed by laboratory observations SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID LOLIGO-OPALESCENS; GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; CEPHALOPODS; DEPOSITION; MORTALITY; FISHERIES; SURVIVAL; PEALEII; FISH AB California market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens) are fast-growing, semelparous and short-lived, making them the archetypal live-fast, die-young species. They form spawning aggregations that are targeted by a wide variety of predators and the largest commercial fishery in California. Despite their ecological and economic importance, relatively little is known about the life history of spawning D. opalescens. To gain insight into this life stage we performed controlled observational experiments on groups of mature D. opalescens collected from the spawning grounds. In all trials we observed extreme synchrony in egg-deposition and subsequent mortality. Importantly, we observed a prespawning period in which mature D. opalescens congregate on the spawning grounds for up to 2 weeks prior to spawning. During this period they are susceptible to predation and harvesting. We also present the first empirical estimates of postspawning mortality and egg-deposition rates. Taken together, our results suggest that the first day of spawning is critical to the viability of this species. C1 [Perretti, Charles T.; Zerofski, Philip J.; Sedarat, Mohammad] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Perretti, Charles T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Perretti, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; Perretti, CT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM charles.perretti@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service/Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship [E/PD-9] FX We thank Michael Navarro, Emmanis Dorval and Nick Holland for helpful discussions. Field assistance was provided by Jonathan Stewart and Matthias Scheer. This manuscript benefited greatly from the comments of Editor David Reid, Associate Editor Janet Voight and two anonymous reviewers. Funding support was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service/Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship (E/PD-9). NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 EI 1464-3766 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 82 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1093/mollus/eyv028 PN 1 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA DE0FU UT WOS:000370301100005 ER PT J AU Santos, RO Lirman, D Pittman, SJ AF Santos, Rolando O. Lirman, Diego Pittman, Simon J. TI Long-term spatial dynamics in vegetated seascapes: fragmentation and habitat loss in a human-impacted subtropical lagoon SO MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE Anthropogenic disturbances; GIS; habitat fragmentation; historical aerial photography; landscape ecology; seagrass; spatial pattern metrics ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; SEAGRASS LANDSCAPES; BISCAYNE BAY; AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; SPECIES RESPONSES; CYMODOCEA-NODOSA; CHANGING SCALE; BREEDING BIRDS; FLORIDA BAY; GROWTH AB Vegetated coastal seascapes exhibit dynamic spatial patterning, some of which is directly linked to human coastal activities. Human activities (e.g. coastal development) have modified freshwater flow to marine environments, resulting in significant changes to submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) communities. Yet, very little is known about the spatially complex process of SAV habitat loss and fragmentation that affects ecosystem function. Using habitat mapping from aerial photography spanning 71years (1938-2009) for Biscayne Bay (Florida, USA), we quantify both SAV habitat loss and fragmentation using a novel fragmentation index. To understand the influence of water management practices on SAV seascapes, habitat loss and fragmentation were compared between nearshore and offshore locations, as well as locations adjacent to and distant from canals that transport freshwater into the marine environment. Habitat loss and fragmentation were significantly higher along the shoreline compared with offshore seascapes. Nearshore habitats experienced a net loss of 3.31% of the total SAV mapped (2.57km(2)) over the time series. While areas adjacent to canals had significantly higher SAV cover, they still experienced wide fluctuations in cover and fragmentation over time. All sites exhibited higher fragmentation in 2009 compared with 1938, with four sites exhibiting high fragmentation levels between the 1990s and 2000s. We demonstrate that freshwater inputs into coastal bays modify the amount of SAV and the fragmentation dynamics of SAV habitats. Spatial changes are greater close to shore and canals, indicating that these coastal developments have transformative impacts on vegetated habitats, with undetermined consequences for the provisioning of ecosystem goods and services. C1 [Santos, Rolando O.; Lirman, Diego] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Pittman, Simon J.] NOAA, Biogeog Branch, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Ctr Marine & Coastal Policy Res, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. RP Santos, RO (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rsantos@rsmas.miami.edu FU National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Educational Partnership Program; Army Corps of Engineers; US Department of the Interior's Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative; RECOVER Monitoring and Assessment Program (MAP); Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center FX We are indebted to our volunteers S. Denka and A. Rosinski for their help in the mapping process. This research was conducted under permit BISC-2011-SCI-0028. Funding was provided by National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Educational Partnership Program and Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center, the Army Corps of Engineers, the US Department of the Interior's Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative and the RECOVER Monitoring and Assessment Program (MAP). We thank the anonymous reviewers of this study as well as Dr Serafy for their insightful suggestions. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-9565 EI 1439-0485 J9 MAR ECOL-EVOL PERSP JI Mar. Ecol.-Evol. Persp. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 37 IS 1 BP 200 EP 214 DI 10.1111/maec.12259 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD7VT UT WOS:000370133500014 ER PT J AU Safeer, CK Jue, E Lopez, A Buda-Prejbeanu, L Auffret, S Pizzini, S Boulle, O Miron, IM Gaudin, G AF Safeer, C. K. Jue, Emilie Lopez, Alexandre Buda-Prejbeanu, Liliana Auffret, Stephane Pizzini, Stefania Boulle, Olivier Miron, Ioan Mihai Gaudin, Gilles TI Spin-orbit torque magnetization switching controlled by geometry SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN-WALL; TOPOLOGICAL INSULATOR; LAYER; DYNAMICS; FILMS; FIELD AB Magnetization reversal by an electric current(1-9) is essential for future magnetic data storage technology(1), such as magnetic random access memories(4). Typically, an electric current is injected into a pillar-shaped magnetic element, and switching relies on the transfer of spin momentum(1-4) from a ferromagnetic reference layer (an approach known as spin-transfer torque). Recently, an alternative technique has emerged that uses spin-orbit torque (SOT) and allows the magnetization to be reversed without a polarizing layer by transferring angular momentum directly from the crystal lattice(5-9). With spin-orbit torque, the current is no longer applied perpendicularly, but is in the plane of the magnetic thin film. Therefore, the current flow is no longer restricted to a single direction and can have any orientation within the film plane. Here, we use Kerr microscopy to examine spin-orbit torque-driven domain wall motion in Co/AlOx wires with different shapes and orientations on top of a current-carrying Pt layer. The displacement of the domain walls is found to be highly dependent on the angle between the direction of the current and domain wall motion, and asymmetric and nonlinear with respect to the current polarity. Using these insights, devices are fabricated in which magnetization switching is determined entirely by the geometry of the device. C1 [Safeer, C. K.; Jue, Emilie; Lopez, Alexandre; Buda-Prejbeanu, Liliana; Auffret, Stephane; Pizzini, Stefania; Boulle, Olivier; Miron, Ioan Mihai; Gaudin, Gilles] Univ Grenoble Alpes, INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Safeer, C. K.; Jue, Emilie; Lopez, Alexandre; Buda-Prejbeanu, Liliana; Auffret, Stephane; Boulle, Olivier; Miron, Ioan Mihai; Gaudin, Gilles] CNRS, INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Safeer, C. K.; Jue, Emilie; Lopez, Alexandre; Buda-Prejbeanu, Liliana; Auffret, Stephane; Boulle, Olivier; Miron, Ioan Mihai; Gaudin, Gilles] CEA Grenoble, INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Pizzini, Stefania] CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Jue, Emilie] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Miron, IM (reprint author), Univ Grenoble Alpes, INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France.; Miron, IM (reprint author), CNRS, INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France.; Miron, IM (reprint author), CEA Grenoble, INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France. EM mihai.miron@cea.fr FU European Commission [318144, 2012-322369]; French Government [ANR-11-BS10-0008] FX This work was supported by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (grant nos. 318144, 2012-322369) and French Government Project ANR-11-BS10-0008. The devices were fabricated at Nanofab CNRS and the Plateforme de Technologique Amont in Grenoble. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 22 U2 65 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 EI 1748-3395 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 11 IS 2 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2015.252 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DE6UR UT WOS:000370769600010 PM 26551017 ER PT J AU Brewer, T Staymates, M Fletcher, R AF Brewer, Timothy Staymates, Matthew Fletcher, Robert TI Quantifying Trace 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) in Polymer Microspheres SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE Microencapsulation of TNT; Explosives; PLGA; Quantification of TNT and PLGA; Explosives particle standards ID FABRICATION; RELEASE AB Well characterized test materials are essential for validating the performance of current trace explosive detection systems. Explosive encapsulated microspheres have proven to be a valuable test material for trace explosive detection because of their precise size, shape, and composition. Presented herein is the quantification of explosives in the polymer microspheres by high performance liquid chromatography with UV/Vis detection (HPLC-UV/Vis). A size exclusion separation is employed to quantify the amount of explosive encapsulated in cured microspheres. Complete quantification was achieved by simultaneously separating and quantifying the explosive and polymer components. Results indicate that approximately 30% of the TNT is lost in the manufacturing of the microspheres and subsequent loss from the cured microspheres is minimal if stored at 4 degrees C. C1 [Brewer, Timothy; Staymates, Matthew; Fletcher, Robert] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fletcher, R (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.fletcher@nist.gov FU United States Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate under an Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The United States Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate sponsored the production of this work under an Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The authors thank Dr. Bruce Benner Jr. for providing GC/MS analysis of selected PLGA/TNT microspheres. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 EI 1521-4087 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 41 IS 1 BP 160 EP 165 DI 10.1002/prep.201500141 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA DE0RZ UT WOS:000370333300021 ER PT J AU Tang, LJ Titov, VV Moore, C Wei, Y AF Tang, Liujuan Titov, Vasily V. Moore, Christopher Wei, Yong TI Real-Time Assessment of the 16 September 2015 Chile Tsunami and Implications for Near-Field Forecast SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE The 2015 Chile tsunami; tsunami forecast; tsunami source; tsunami energy; near-field forecast; numerical modeling AB The magnitude 8.3 earthquake in central Chile on 16 September 2015 and the resulting tsunami severely affected the region, with 15 deaths (Onemi in Monitoreo por sismo de mayor intensidad. (In Spanish) , 2015), over one million evacuated, and flooding in nearby coastal cities. We present our real-time assessment of the 2015 Chile tsunami using the Short-term Inundation Forecasting for Tsunamis system, and post-event analyses with local community models in Chile. We evaluate three real-time tsunami sources, which were inverted at the time that the first quarter-, half-, and full-wave passed the first tsunameter (DART 32402, located approximately 580 km north-northwest of the epicenter), respectively. Measurement comparisons from 26 deep-ocean tsunameters and 38 coastal tide stations show that good model accuracies are achieved for all three sources, particularly for the local sites that recorded the most destructive waves. The study highlights the forecast speed, time and accuracy dependence, and their implications for the local forecast capability. Our analyses suggest that the tsunami's main origination area is about 100-200 km long and 100 km wide, to the north of the earthquake epicenter along the trench and the total estimated tsunami wave energy is 7.9 x 10(13) J (with 13 % uncertainty). The study provides important guidelines for the earliest reliable estimate of tsunami energy and local forecasts. They can be obtained with the first quarter-wave of tsunameter recording. These results are also confirmed by a forecast analysis of the 2011 Japan tsunami. Furthermore, we find that the first half-wave tsunameter data are sufficient to accurately forecast the 2015 Chile tsunami, due to the specific orientation between the nearest tsunameter and the source. The study also suggests expanding the operational use of the local community models in real time, and demonstrates the applicability of the model results for "all-clear" evaluations, search and rescue operations, and near-real-time mitigation planning in both near and far fields. C1 [Tang, Liujuan; Wei, Yong] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Tang, Liujuan; Titov, Vasily V.; Moore, Christopher; Wei, Yong] NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Titov, VV (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM vasily.titov@noaa.gov RI Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015 OI Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342 FU NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, PMEL [4394]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX The authors thank Dr. Donald W. Denbo for obtaining the quarter-wave source during real-time assessment of the 2015 Chile tsunami; the reviewers for their valuable comments that enhanced the paper; NCTR members for discussion and contributions; Sandra Bigley for comments and edits; Stuart A. Weinstein, Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the Chilean Navy (SHOA), and National Ocean Service Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (NOS/CO-OPS) for water level data; and National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) for tsunameter data. This research is funded by the NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, PMEL contribution # 4394. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2470. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 173 IS 2 BP 369 EP 387 DI 10.1007/s00024-015-1226-3 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DD8UF UT WOS:000370201700004 ER PT J AU Qian, WH Jiang, N Du, J AF Qian, Weihong Jiang, Ning Du, Jun TI Anomaly-Based Weather Analysis versus Traditional Total-Field-Based Weather Analysis for Depicting Regional Heavy Rain Events SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Forecasting techniques; Forecasting ID BETA-ADVECTION MODEL; STANDARDIZED ANOMALIES; CHINA; PREDICTION; PRECIPITATION; PRECURSORS AB Although the use of anomaly fields in the forecast process has been shown to be useful and has caught forecasters' attention, current short-range (1-3 days) weather analyses and forecasts are still predominantly total-field based. This paper systematically examines the pros and cons of anomaly- versus total-field-based approaches in weather analysis using a case from 1 July 1991 (showcase) and 41 cases from 1998 (statistics) of heavy rain events that occurred in China. The comparison is done for both basic atmospheric variables (height, temperature, wind, and humidity) and diagnostic parameters (divergence, vorticity, and potential vorticity). Generally, anomaly fields show a more enhanced and concentrated signal (pattern) directly related to surface anomalous weather events, while total fields can obscure the visualization of anomalous features due to the climatic background. The advantage is noticeable in basic atmospheric variables, but is marginal in nonconservative diagnostic parameters and is lost in conservative diagnostic parameters. Sometimes a mix of total and anomaly fields works the best; for example, in the moist vorticity when anomalous vorticity combines with total moisture, it can depict the heavy rain area the best when comparing to either the purely total or purely anomalous moist vorticity. Based on this study, it is recommended that anomaly-based weather analysis could be a valuable supplement to the commonly used total-field-based approach. Anomalies can help a forecaster to more quickly identify where an abnormal weather event might occur as well as more easily pinpoint possible meteorological causes than a total field. However, one should not use the anomaly structure approach alone to explain the underlying dynamics without a total field. C1 [Qian, Weihong; Jiang, Ning] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Du, Jun] NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Qian, WH (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM qianwh@pku.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41375073]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA0509400]; Key Technologies RD Program [201306032] FX We acknowledge the positive suggestions and encouragements from the all reviewers and editors who have helped us to reach a more balanced view about this work. Ms. Mary Hart of NCEP has helped us to improve the readability of the manuscript. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41375073) and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA0509400) and the Key Technologies R&D Program (201306032). NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 71 EP 93 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0074.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE1MM UT WOS:000370391100002 ER PT J AU Tang, B Vaughan, M Lazear, R Corbosiero, K Bosart, L Wasula, T Lee, I Lipton, K AF Tang, Brian Vaughan, Matthew Lazear, Ross Corbosiero, Kristen Bosart, Lance Wasula, Thomas Lee, Ian Lipton, Kevin TI Topographic and Boundary Influences on the 22 May 2014 Duanesburg, New York, Tornadic Supercell SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Valley/mountain flows; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Complex terrain; Hail; Tornadoes; Circulation/ Dynamics; Supercells; Geographic location/entity; Mesoscale processes ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR CHARACTERISTICS; RAPID UPDATE CYCLE; SEVERE WEATHER; PART II; CONVECTIVE STORMS; DEEP CONVECTION; DUAL-DOPPLER; THUNDERSTORM; MESOSCALE; EVENTS AB The 22 May 2014 Duanesburg, New York, supercell produced an enhanced Fujita scale category 3 (EF3) tornado and 10-cm-diameter hail. The synoptic setup for the event was ambiguous compared to other documented cases of Northeast tornadoes. Mesoscale inhomogeneities due to terrain and baroclinic boundaries played a key role in the evolution and severity of the storm. The storm initiated at the intersection of an outflow boundary and a north-south-oriented baroclinic boundary. The mesocyclone was able to sustain itself as a result of sufficiently large amounts of low-level streamwise vorticity near the boundary despite subcritical values of 0-6-km vertical wind shear. Differential heating across the north-south-oriented boundary strengthened the pressure gradient across it. Strengthening ageostrophic flow across the boundary induced greater upslope flow along the southeastern slope of the Adirondack Mountains and induced terrain channeling up the Mohawk River valley. The channeling led to a maximum in moisture flux convergence and instability in the Mohawk valley. As the supercell moved into the Mohawk valley, radar and lightning data indicated a rapid intensification of the storm. Cold temperatures aloft due to the presence of an elevated mixed layer (EML) coincided with the surface instability to yield a local environment in the Mohawk valley favorable for extremely large hail. As the storm crossed the boundary, large values of 0-1-km wind shear, streamwise vorticity, and low lifting condensation levels combined to create a local environment favorable for tornadogenesis. C1 [Tang, Brian; Vaughan, Matthew; Lazear, Ross; Corbosiero, Kristen; Bosart, Lance] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, ES 324,1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Wasula, Thomas; Lee, Ian; Lipton, Kevin] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Albany, NY USA. RP Tang, B (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, ES 324,1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM btang@albany.edu FU NOAA [NA13NWS4680004] FX Eric James and Curtis Alexander from the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory provided the HRRR data. Vaisala provided the lightning data. Discussions with Steve Weiss and Howie Bluestein motivated some of the analysis. Comments from Warren Snyder, Brian Miretzky, Paul Markowski, and three anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. The research was funded by NOAA Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research Program Grant NA13NWS4680004. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NWS, NOAA, or the Department of Commerce. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 107 EP 127 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0101.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE1MN UT WOS:000370391200002 ER PT J AU Keighton, S Miller, DK Hotz, D Moore, PD Perry, LB Lee, LG Martin, DT AF Keighton, Steve Miller, Douglas K. Hotz, David Moore, Patrick D. Perry, L. Baker Lee, Laurence G. Martin, Daniel T. TI Northwest Flow Snow Aspects of Hurricane Sandy SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Operational forecasting; Forecasting; Trajectories; Lake effects; Hurricanes; Orographic effects; Circulation/ Dynamics; Snowbands ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; MOUNTAINS; USA AB In late October 2012, Hurricane Sandy tracked along the eastern U.S. coastline and made landfall over New Jersey after turning sharply northwest and becoming posttropical while interacting with a complex upper-level low pressure system that had brought cold air into the Appalachian region. The cold air, intensified by the extreme low pressure tracking just north of the region, combined with deep moisture and topographically enhanced ascent to produce an unusual and high-impact early season northwest flow snow (NWFS) that has no analog in recent history. This paper investigates the importance of the synoptic-scale pattern, forcing mechanisms, moisture characteristics (content, depth, and likely sources), and low-level winds, as well as the evolution of some of these features compared to more typical NWFS events in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Several other aspects of the Sandy snowfall event are investigated, including low-level stability and mountain wave formation as manifested in vertical profiles and radar observations. The importance to operational forecasters of recognizing and understanding these factors and differences from more common NWFS events is also discussed. C1 [Keighton, Steve] Natl Weather Serv, 1750 Forecast Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Miller, Douglas K.] Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Hotz, David] Natl Weather Serv, Morristown, TN USA. [Moore, Patrick D.; Lee, Laurence G.] Natl Weather Serv, Greenville, SC USA. [Perry, L. Baker] Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Martin, Daniel T.] GBE Fund Inc, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Keighton, S (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 1750 Forecast Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM stephen.keighton@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [EAR 0949263] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge S. Yuter for assistance with the visualization and analysis of the MRR imagery. In addition, Jason Endries helped with some of the figures for Poga Mountain snowfall rates. NWS cooperative observers, CoCoRaHS observers, law enforcement and emergency management officials, and the public provided snowfall reports that aided in the documentation of this event. The Roan Mountain observations are based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant EAR 0949263. We also appreciate the very helpful manuscript reviews from colleagues at the National Weather Service Eastern Region Headquarters, Scientific Services Division, as well as those of three anonymous formal reviewers, which all helped to significantly improve the paper. Reference to any specific commercial products, processes, or services by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. government, NOAA/National Weather Service, the state of North Carolina, Appalachian State University, or UNC Asheville. Use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products or tests of such products shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 173 EP 195 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0069.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE1MO UT WOS:000370391300003 ER PT J AU Gallo, BT Clark, AJ Dembek, SR AF Gallo, Burkely T. Clark, Adam J. Dembek, Scott R. TI Forecasting Tornadoes Using Convection-Permitting Ensembles SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Forecast verification/skill; Forecasting; Storm environments; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Probability forecasts/models/distribution; Supercells; Ensembles; Tornadoes ID PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; SPRING EXPERIMENT; WRF MODEL; CLIMATOLOGY; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; THUNDERSTORMS; ENVIRONMENTS; GENERATION; PREDICTION AB Hourly maximum fields of simulated storm diagnostics from experimental versions of convection-permitting models (CPMs) provide valuable information regarding severe weather potential. While past studies have focused on predicting any type of severe weather, this study uses a CPM-based Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model ensemble initialized daily at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) to derive tornado probabilities using a combination of simulated storm diagnostics and environmental parameters. Daily probabilistic tornado forecasts are developed from the NSSL-WRF ensemble using updraft helicity (UH) as a tornado proxy. The UH fields are combined with simulated environmental fields such as lifted condensation level (LCL) height, most unstable and surface-based CAPE (MUCAPE and SBCAPE, respectively), and multifield severe weather parameters such as the significant tornado parameter (STP). Varying thresholds of 2-5-km updraft helicity were tested with differing values of sigma in the Gaussian smoother that was used to derive forecast probabilities, as well as different environmental information, with the aim of maximizing both forecast skill and reliability. The addition of environmental information improved the reliability and the critical success index (CSI) while slightly degrading the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve across all UH thresholds and sigma values. The probabilities accurately reflected the location of tornado reports, and three case studies demonstrate value to forecasters. Based on initial tests, four sets of tornado probabilities were chosen for evaluation by participants in the 2015 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment from 4 May to 5 June 2015. Participants found the probabilities useful and noted an overforecasting tendency. C1 [Gallo, Burkely T.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Clark, Adam J.; Dembek, Scott R.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Dembek, Scott R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Gallo, BT (reprint author), NSSL FRDD, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM burkely.twiest@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1102691, A00-4125]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant DGE-1102691, Project A00-4125. AJC and SRD were provided support by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. AJC also received support from a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers. We would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments, which improved the content and clarity of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 273 EP 295 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0134.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE1MR UT WOS:000370391600001 ER PT J AU Persily, AK Emmerich, SJ AF Persily, Andrew K. Emmerich, Steven J. TI Resilience and the Indoor Environment SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Persily, Andrew K.] NIST, Div Energy & Environm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Emmerich, Steven J.] NIST, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Persily, AK (reprint author), NIST, Div Energy & Environm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 EI 1943-6637 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 58 IS 2 BP 71 EP 73 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA DD2VL UT WOS:000369780200022 PM 28298657 ER PT J AU Wu, XR Han, GJ Zhang, SQ Liu, ZY AF Wu, Xinrong Han, Guijun Zhang, Shaoqing Liu, Zhengyu TI A study of the impact of parameter optimization on ENSO predictability with an intermediate coupled model SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Parameter optimization; Ensemble Kalman filter; ENSO predictability; Intermediate coupled model ID ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; KALMAN FILTER; ERROR COVARIANCE; FORECAST SYSTEM; PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE AB Model error is a major obstacle for enhancing the forecast skill of El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Among three kinds of model error sources-dynamical core misfitting, physical scheme approximation and model parameter errors, the model parameter errors are treatable by observations. Based on the Zebiak-Cane model, an ensemble coupled data assimilation system is established to study the impact of parameter optimization (PO) on ENSO predictions within a biased twin experiment framework. "Observations" of sea surface temperature anomalies drawn from the "truth" model are assimilated into a biased prediction model in which model parameters are erroneously set from the "truth" values. The degree by which the assimilation and prediction with or without PO recover the "truth" is a measure of the impact of PO. Results show that PO improves ENSO predictability-enhancing the seasonal-interannual forecast skill by about 18 %, extending the valid lead time up to 33 % and ameliorating the spring predictability barrier. Although derived from idealized twin experiments, results here provide some insights when a coupled general circulation model is initialized from the observing system. C1 [Wu, Xinrong; Han, Guijun] Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, State Ocean Adm, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Shaoqing] Princeton Univ, GFDL NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Lab Ocean Atmos Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Wu, XR (reprint author), Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, State Ocean Adm, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Tianjin, Peoples R China. EM xinrong_wu@yahoo.com FU National Natural Science Foundation [41306006, 41376015, 41376013, 41176003, 41206178]; National Basic Research Program [2013CB430304]; National High-Tech RD Program [2013AA09A505]; Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction of China [GASI-01-01-12] FX The authors thank Mark A. Cane and Donna Lee for providing the codes of the ZC model. This research is co-sponsored by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation (41306006, 41376015, 41376013, 41176003, and 41206178), the National Basic Research Program (2013CB430304), the National High-Tech R&D Program (2013AA09A505), and the Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction (GASI-01-01-12) of China. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 46 IS 3-4 BP 711 EP 727 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2608-z PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6JQ UT WOS:000370030900003 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Liang, XZ DeWitt, D Samel, AN Wang, JXL AF Chen, Ligang Liang, Xin-Zhong DeWitt, David Samel, Arthur N. Wang, Julian X. L. TI Simulation of seasonal US precipitation and temperature by the nested CWRF-ECHAM system SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Seasonal climate simulation; Spatial pattern; Interannual variation; CWRF; ECHAM; EOF; ENSO ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; LAND-SURFACE MODELS; UNITED-STATES; PART I; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; PREDICTION; REPRESENTATION; STATISTICS; RADIATION AB This study investigates the refined simulation skill that results when the regional Climate extension of the Weather Research and Forecasting (CWRF) model is nested in the ECMWF Hamburg version 4.5 (ECHAM) atmospheric general circulation model over the United States during 1980-2009, where observed sea surface temperatures are used in both models. Over the contiguous US, for each of the four seasons from winter to fall, CWRF reduces the root mean square error of the ECHAM seasonal mean surface air temperature simulation by 0.19, 0.82, 2.02 and 1.85 A degrees C, and increases the equitable threat score of seasonal mean precipitation by 0.18, 0.11, 0.09 and 0.12. CWRF also simulates much more realistically daily precipitation frequency and heavy precipitation events, typically over the Central Great Plains, Cascade Mountains and Gulf Coast States. These CWRF skill enhancements are attributed to the increased spatial resolution and physics refinements in representing orographic, terrestrial hydrology, convection, and cloud-aerosol-radiation effects and their interactions. Empirical orthogonal function analysis of seasonal mean precipitation and surface air temperature interannual variability shows that, in general, CWRF substantially improves the spatial distribution of both quantities, while temporal evolution (i.e. interannual variability) of the first 3 primary patterns is highly correlated with that of the driving ECHAM (except for summer precipitation), and they both have low temporal correlations against observations. During winter, when large-scale forcing dominates, both models also have similar responses to strong ENSO signals where they successfully capture observed precipitation composite anomalies but substantially fail to reproduce surface air temperature anomalies. When driven by the ECMWF Reanalysis Interim, CWRF produces a very realistic interannual evolution of large-scale precipitation and surface air temperature patterns where the temporal correlations with observations are significant. These results indicate that CWRF can greatly improve mesoscale regional climate structures but it cannot change interannual variations of the large-scale patterns, which are determined by the driving lateral boundary conditions. C1 [Chen, Ligang; Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [DeWitt, David] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate Predict, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Samel, Arthur N.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Geog, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Wang, Julian X. L.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [DeWitt, David] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM lchen2@umd.edu FU NOAA Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) [NA08OAR4310575, NA08OAR4310875] FX We thank Liqiang Sun for helping to provide the ECHAM simulation output and related post-processing code and documents, Tiejun Ling for helping to develop job scripts, Fengxue Qiao for compiling observed precipitation and surface air temperature data, and Min Xu for constructive discussions. We acknowledge the DOE/NERSC and NOAA/ZEUS supercomputing facilities. This research is supported by the NOAA Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) Grants NA08OAR4310575 and NA08OAR4310875. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring agency. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 46 IS 3-4 BP 879 EP 896 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2619-9 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6JQ UT WOS:000370030900013 ER PT J AU Giner, JL Zhao, H Dixon, MS Wikfors, GH AF Giner, Jose -Luis Zhao, Hui Dixon, Mark S. Wikfors, Gary H. TI Bioconversion of C-13-labeled microalgal phytosterols to cholesterol by the Northern Bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marine sterols; Sterol metabolism; Bivalve lipid nutrition ID POSTLARVAL SEA SCALLOPS; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; PLACOPECTEN-MAGELLANICUS; ISOCHRYSIS-GALBANA; STEROL-METABOLISM; FEEDING RESPONSES; LIPID-COMPOSITION; GROWTH; DIETS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Bivalve mollusks lack de novo cholesterol biosynthesis capabilities and therefore rely upon dietary sources of sterols for rapid growth. Microalgae that constitute the main source of nutrition for suspension-feeding bivalves contain a diverse array of phytosterols, in most cases lacking cholesterol. Rapid growth of bivalves on microalgal diets with no cholesterol implies that some phytosterols can satisfy the dietary requirement for cholesterol through metabolic conversion to cholesterol, but such metabolic pathways have not been rigorously demonstrated. In the present study, stable isotope-labeled phytosterols were used to supplement a unialgal diet of Rhodomonas sp. and their biological transformation to cholesterol within scallop tissues was determined using C-13-NMR spectroscopy. Scallops efficiently dealkylated Delta(5) C-29 (24-ethyl) sterols to cholesterol, and the only C-28 sterol that was dealkylated efficiently possessed the 24(28)-double bond. Non-metabolized dietary phytosterols accumulated in the soft tissues. Observed formation of Delta(5,7) sterols (provitamin D) from Delta(5) sterols may represent initiation of steroid hormone (possibly ecdysone) biosynthesis. These findings provide a key component necessary for formulation of nutritionally complete microalgal diets for hatchery production of seed for molluscan aquaculture. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Giner, Jose -Luis; Zhao, Hui] SUNY ESF, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Dixon, Mark S.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Giner, JL (reprint author), SUNY ESF, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.; Wikfors, GH (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM jlginer@syr.edu; Gary.Wikfors@noaa.gov FU NOAA Coastal Ocean Programs [ECOHAB 26883]; NSF Biological Oceanography [OCE-1061957] FX JLG gratefully acknowledges support by NOAA Coastal Ocean Programs (ECOHAB 26883) and NSF Biological Oceanography (OCE-1061957). NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 EI 1879-1107 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 192 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.11.003 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA DD4FT UT WOS:000369878600001 PM 26577022 ER PT J AU Brubaker, MD Duff, SM Harvey, TE Blanchard, PT Roshko, A Sanders, AW Sanford, NA Bertness, KA AF Brubaker, Matt D. Duff, Shannon M. Harvey, Todd E. Blanchard, Paul T. Roshko, Alexana Sanders, Aric W. Sanford, Norman A. Bertness, Kris A. TI Polarity-Controlled GaN/AlN Nucleation Layers for Selective-Area Growth of GaN Nanowire Arrays on Si(111) Substrates by Molecular Beam Epitaxy SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS; ALN; NANOCOLUMNS AB We have demonstrated dramatic improvement in the quality of selective-area GaN nanowire growth by controlling the polarity of the underlying nucleation layers. In particular, we find that N-polarity is beneficial for the growth of large ordered nanowire arrays with arbitrary spacing. Herein, we present techniques for obtaining and characterizing polarity-controlled nucleation layers on Si (111) substrates. An initial AlN layer, which is demonstrated to adopt Al-(N-)polarity for N-(Al-)rich growth conditions, is utilized to configure the polarity of subsequently grown GaN layers as determined by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), polarity-dependent surface reconstructions, and polarity-sensitive etching. Polarity-dependent surface reconstructions observed in reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns were found to be particularly useful for in situ verification of the nucleation layer polarity, prior to mask deposition, patterning, and selective-area regrowth of the GaN NW arrays. N-polar templates produced fast-growing nanowires with vertical m-plane side walls and flat c-plane tips, while Ga-polar templates produced slow-growing pyramidal structures bounded by (1 (1) over bar 02) r-planes. The selective-area nanowire growth process window, bounded by nonselective and no-growth conditions, was found to be substantially more relaxed for NW arrays grown on N-polar templates, allowing for long-range selectivity where the NW pitch far exceeds the Ga diffusion length. C1 [Brubaker, Matt D.; Duff, Shannon M.; Harvey, Todd E.; Blanchard, Paul T.; Roshko, Alexana; Sanders, Aric W.; Sanford, Norman A.; Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Brubaker, MD (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matthew.brubaker@nist.gov NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 EI 1528-7505 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 16 IS 2 BP 596 EP 604 DI 10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00910 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA DD2SU UT WOS:000369773300009 ER PT J AU Luckenbach, JA Fairgrieve, WT AF Luckenbach, J. Adam Fairgrieve, William T. TI Gonadal sex differentiation and effects of dietary methyltestosterone treatment in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sex differentiation; Sex determination; Sex reversal; Methyltestosterone; Aquaculture; Sablefish ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; TELEOST FISH; DIMORPHIC EXPRESSION; GENES; 17-ALPHA-METHYLTESTOSTERONE; SPERMATOGENESIS; PHYLOGENY; STURGEON; GROUPER; SPERM AB Methods for sex control are needed to establish monosex aquaculture of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). Here we conducted the first characterization of sex differentiation by histology and hormonal sex reversal experiment in sablefish. Ovarian differentiation was first discernible at similar to 80 mm fork length (FL) and characterized by development of lamellar structures and onset of meiosis. Testes exhibited a dual-lobe appearance over much of their length and remained non-meiotic until males were a parts per thousand yen520 mm FL (2 years post-fertilization). Juveniles with undifferentiated gonads were provided diets containing 0 (control), 5 or 50 mg 17 alpha-methyltestosterone (MT)/kg for 2 months. Following treatment, controls possessed either ovaries or non-meiotic testes, whereas MT-treated fish exhibited meiotic testes (60 % of the fish), intersex gonads (similar to 30 %), or gonads that appeared sterile (similar to 10 %). A genetic sex marker revealed that all intersex fish were genetic females, although other females appeared to be completely sex reversed (i.e., neomales). One year after treatment, MT-treated fish possessed non-meiotic testes similar to control males or intersex gonads with reduced ovarian features, presumably due to atresia following MT withdrawal. Milt collected from neomales and genetic males 3 years post-treatment permitted sperm motility analyses; however, neomale sperm were virtually immotile. These results demonstrated that sablefish are differentiated gonochorists and that MT treatment from 76 to 196 mm FL induced permanent masculinization of a portion of the genetic females, but acquisition of sperm motility was impaired. Earlier administration of MT may be necessary to sex reverse a higher proportion of genetic females and reduce negative effects on fertility. C1 [Luckenbach, J. Adam; Fairgrieve, William T.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Luckenbach, JA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM adam.luckenbach@noaa.gov FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center; NOAA Office of Aquaculture FX The authors are grateful for the assistance of Edward S. Hayman, Elizabeth K. Smith, Sean M. Oden, Douglas A. Immerman, Marian R. Fairgrieve, Mollie A. Middleton, and Frederick W. Goetz with aspects of this study. Thanks also to Kenneth C. Massee, Ronald B. Johnson, and Michael B. Rust for generously providing fish. This research was funded in part by a Northwest Fisheries Science Center Internal Grant to J.A.L. and supported by the NOAA Office of Aquaculture. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 EI 1573-5168 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 42 IS 1 BP 233 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s10695-015-0132-z PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA DD5WT UT WOS:000369996100021 PM 26400269 ER PT J AU Tutolo, BM Mildner, DFR Gagnon, CVL Saar, MO Seyfried, WE AF Tutolo, Benjamin M. Mildner, David F. R. Gagnon, Cedric V. L. Saar, Martin O. Seyfried, William E., Jr. TI Nanoscale constraints on porosity generation and fluid flow during serpentinization SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; SURFACE-AREA; PERMEABILITY; METAMORPHISM; EVOLUTION; HYDRATION AB Field samples of olivine-rich rocks are nearly always serpentinized-commonly to completion- but, paradoxically, their intrinsic porosity and permeability are diminishingly low. Serpentinization reactions occur through a coupled process of fluid infiltration, volumetric expansion, and reaction-driven fracturing. Pores and reactive surface area generated during this process are the primary pathways for fluid infiltration into and reaction with serpentinizing rocks, but the size and distribution of these pores and surface area have not yet been described. Here, we utilize neutron scattering techniques to present the first measurements of the evolution of pore size and specific surface area distribution in partially serpentinized rocks. Samples were obtained from the ca. 2 Ma Atlantis Massif oceanic core complex located off-axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and an olivine-rich outcrop of the ca. 1.1 Ga Duluth Complex of the North American Mid-Continent Rift. Our measurements and analyses demonstrate that serpentine and accessory phases form with their own, inherent porosity, which accommodates the bulk of diffusive fluid flow during serpentinization and thereby permits continued serpentinization after voluminous serpentine minerals fill reaction-generated porosity. C1 [Tutolo, Benjamin M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. [Tutolo, Benjamin M.; Saar, Martin O.; Seyfried, William E., Jr.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Mildner, David F. R.; Gagnon, Cedric V. L.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gagnon, Cedric V. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Saar, Martin O.] ETH, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Tutolo, BM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England.; Tutolo, BM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM benjamin.tutolo@earth.ox.ac.uk FU U.S. Department of Energy [EE0002764]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [1426695]; University of Minnesota (UMN) Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship and Geological Society of America research grant; NSF [DMR-0944662]; George and Orpha Gibson Endowment FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under grants EE0002764 and 1426695, respectively, and a University of Minnesota (UMN) Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship and Geological Society of America research grant to Tutolo. Saar thanks the George and Orpha Gibson Endowment for supporting the Hydrogeology and Geofluids research group at UMN and this project. Jim Miller and John Green are thanked for field assistance. This work utilized samples and data provided by the IODP. (U) SANS instrumentation is supported in part by the NSF under agreement DMR-0944662. Any mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Oliver Plumper, Bob Lowell, and Norman Sleep are thanked for their helpful reviews. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 18 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2016 VL 44 IS 2 BP 103 EP 106 DI 10.1130/G37349.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA DD7AL UT WOS:000370075900008 ER PT J AU Wang, YX Zhao, P Xu, HM Liu, G AF Wang, Yuanxiang Zhao, Ping Xu, Haiming Liu, Ge TI Anomalies of Northern Hemisphere ozone associated with a tropopause-lower stratosphere teleconnection during summer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tropopause-lower stratosphere teleconnection; ozone variation; atmospheric circulation ID ASIAN-PACIFIC OSCILLATION; TIBETAN PLATEAU; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; CLIMATE ANOMALIES; COLUMN OZONE; TRANSPORT; VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC AB Using the ozone data set from the satellite observations and the atmospheric reanalysis data sets during 1979-2005, we examine the variability of a tropopause-lower stratosphere (TS) teleconnection a and its relationship with the ozone change over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) during summer. The TS teleconnection has an approximate opposite phase to that in the upper-troposphere Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO), and the TS teleconnection index (the TS index) is also related well to the APO index. Corresponding to a higher TS index, the ozone generally decreases in the NH mid-high latitudes (near 40 degrees N and the Far East of Russia). This link between the TS teleconnection and the ozone is physically supported by the changes of the background atmospheric circulation. When the TS index is higher, the decrease of the ozone is closely associated with an increase of the local tropopause height. The upward and downward motion variations in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere in the east and west parts of the anomalous anticyclones associated with the TS index strengthen the exchanges of the ozone between the troposphere and the lower stratosphere, which may cause a decrease of the ozone. The horizontal advection of the ozone could also contribute to the ozone decreases over these regions. C1 [Wang, Yuanxiang] Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Res Lab Satellite Meteorol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Ping] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Ping] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xu, Haiming] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xu, Haiming] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. [Liu, Ge] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Inst Climate Syst, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhaop@cma.gov.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41221064]; Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment [GYHY201406001] FX The authors thank Dr Chengzhi Zhou from Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NOAA/NESDIS for his constructive comments on this study. This work is jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41221064) and the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment (GYHY201406001). NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 36 IS 2 BP 837 EP 846 DI 10.1002/joc.4386 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD5VC UT WOS:000369991700022 ER PT J AU Krueger, DM Rutherford, ES Mason, DM Cha, Y AF Krueger, Damon M. Rutherford, Edward S. Mason, Doran M. Cha, YoonKyung TI Foraging ecology of walleye and brown trout in a Great Lakes tributary SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alternate prey; functional response; foraging; walleye; Muskegon River ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; SALMO-TRUTTA; PREY SIZE; ALTERNATIVE PREY; YELLOW PERCH; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE AB The role of alternative prey on predator diet selection and survival of juvenile (parr) Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is not well understood in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Therefore, measures of predator foraging ecology (prey species and size selection), prey densities, and functional response relationships were determined for adult walleye (Sander vitreus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) (hatchery-reared) feeding on parr and alternate prey in the Muskegon River, a tributary of Lake Michigan, USA, from 2004 to 2007. Walleye selected for smaller than average brown trout and rainbow trout (hatchery-reared) but walleye prey size (within-prey) was independent of predator size. In general, walleye showed neutral selection for all prey species but, in some years, showed positive selection for rainbow trout and negative selection for parr. Hatchery-reared brown trout selected the smallest parr in the environment although prey size was independent of predator size. Parr were positively selected by brown trout only in April. Functional response curves were fit to describe the consumption of parr and other prey types by walleye (type II) and brown trout (type I). Interactions among rainbow trout, walleye, and brown trout favored parr survival, i.e. the presence of alternate prey (rainbow trout) significantly influenced walleye predation on parr, while brown trout appeared to become quickly limited by size or escape ability of parr. Our results should enhance understanding of food web dynamics in Great Lakes tributary habitats. (C) 2015 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Krueger, Damon M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.; Mason, Doran M.] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Cha, YoonKyung] Univ Seoul, Sch Environm Engn, Seoulsiripdae Ro 163, Seoul 02504, South Korea. RP Krueger, DM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM damonkr@umich.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [0071]; University of Michigan Rackham School of Graduate Studies; University of Michigan School of Natural Resources FX We are grateful to the Great Lakes Fishery Trust Grant #0071, The University of Michigan Rackham School of Graduate Studies, and The University of Michigan School of Natural Resources for providing funding for this project. We thank L. Ivan, D. Ruberg, J. Hanson, C. Crissman, E. Vannoy, and J. Roberts for their assistance in the field as well as J. Diana and D. Goldberg for manuscript edits and the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory for laboratory space. This is contribution number 2015-1777 from NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 42 IS 1 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.10.016 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD7PB UT WOS:000370115500012 ER PT J AU Lin, SJ Litaker, RW Sunda, WG AF Lin, Senjie Litaker, Richard Wayne Sunda, William G. TI Phosphorus physiological ecology and molecular mechanisms in marine phytoplankton SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Review DE alkaline phosphatase; diatoms; dinoflagellates; dissolved organic phosphorus; genetics; marine algae; nutrients; phosphate; phosphorus uptake; transporter ID ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY; DISSOLVED ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE; PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL GYRE; RED TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; DIATOM PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM; 2-COMPONENT SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; KARENIA-BREVIS DINOPHYCEAE; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; STRAIN PCC 7942 AB Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for marine phytoplankton and indeed all life forms. Current data show that P availability is growth-limiting in certain marine systems and can impact algal species composition. Available P occurs in marine waters as dissolved inorganic phosphate (primarily orthophosphate [Pi]) or as a myriad of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) compounds. Despite numerous studies on P physiology and ecology and increasing research on genomics in marine phytoplankton, there have been few attempts to synthesize information from these different disciplines. This paper is aimed to integrate the physiological and molecular information on the acquisition, utilization, and storage of P in marine phytoplankton and the strategies used by these organisms to acclimate and adapt to variations in P availability. Where applicable, we attempt to identify gaps in our current knowledge that warrant further research and examine possible metabolic pathways that might occur in phytoplankton from well-studied bacterial models. Physical and chemical limitations governing cellular P uptake are explored along with physiological and molecular mechanisms to adapt and acclimate to temporally and spatially varying P nutrient regimes. Topics covered include cellular Pi uptake and feedback regulation of uptake systems, enzymatic utilization of DOP, P acquisition by phagotrophy, P-limitation of phytoplankton growth in oceanic and coastal waters, and the role of P-limitation in regulating cell size and toxin levels in phytoplankton. Finally, we examine the role of P and other nutrients in the transition of phytoplankton communities from early succession species (diatoms) to late succession ones (e.g., dinoflagellates and haptophytes). C1 [Lin, Senjie] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Litaker, Richard Wayne; Sunda, William G.] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Lin, SJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM senjie.lin@uconn.edu RI Guo, chentao/G-7320-2016 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-1212392]; NOAA FX We thank Dr. Xin Lin for assistance with making Figure 2. We are also indebted to Drs. Edward J. Carpenter and Edward Monahan and reviewers for their comments that helped improve the manuscript. Mark Vandersea and Steven Kibler provided thoughtful criticisms and edits. Michelle Wood provided superb editorial guidance and insights for which we are grateful. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation grant OCE-1212392 and NOAA program funds. NR 274 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 55 U2 108 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 EI 1529-8817 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 10 EP 36 DI 10.1111/jpy.12365 PG 27 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6AB UT WOS:000370005000002 PM 26987085 ER PT J AU Persson, A Smith, BC Cyronak, T Cooper, E DiTullio, GR AF Persson, Agneta Smith, Barry C. Cyronak, Tyler Cooper, Emily DiTullio, Giacomo R. TI Differences in pigmentation between life cycle stages in Scrippsiella lachrymosa (dinophyceae) SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accumulation body; dinoflagellate; gamete; life stage; pellicle cyst; pigment; resting cyst; Scrippsiella lachrymosa; zygote ID DINOFLAGELLATE RESTING CYSTS; GONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; ALEXANDRIUM-FUNDYENSE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PHYTOPLANKTON PIGMENTS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CLASS ABUNDANCES; RECENT SEDIMENTS; BENTHIC CYSTS AB Various life cycle stages of cyst-producing dinoflagellates often appear differently colored under the microscope; gametes appear paler while zygotes are darker in comparison to vegetative cells. To compare physiological and photochemical competency, the pigment composition of discrete life cycle stages was determined for the common resting cyst-producing dinoflagellate Scrippsiella lachrymosa. Vegetative cells had the highest cellular pigment content ( 25.2 +/- 0.5 pg cell-1), whereas gamete pigment content was 22% lower. The pigment content of zygotes was 82% lower than vegetative cells, even though they appeared darker under the microscope. Zygotes of S. lachrymosa contained significantly higher cellular concentrations of beta- carotene ( 0.65 +/- 0.15 pg cell -1) than all other life stages. Photoprotective pigments and the de- epoxidation ratio of xanthophylls- cycle pigments in S. lachrymosa were significantly elevated in zygotes and cysts compared to other stages. This suggests a role for accessory pigments in combating intracellular oxidative stress during sexual reproduction or encystment. Resting cysts contained some pigments even though chloroplasts were not visible, suggesting that the brightly colored accumulation body contained photosynthetic pigments. The differences in pigmentation between life stages have implications for interpretation of pigment data from field samples when sampled during dinoflagellate blooms. C1 [Persson, Agneta] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Box 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Smith, Barry C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Cyronak, Tyler; Cooper, Emily; DiTullio, Giacomo R.] Coll Charleston, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Persson, Agneta] Smedjebacksvagen 13, SE-77190 Ludvika, Sweden. RP Persson, A (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Box 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.; Persson, A (reprint author), Smedjebacksvagen 13, SE-77190 Ludvika, Sweden. EM agnetapersson77@gmail.com FU Signe och Olof Wallenius Foundation FX The Signe och Olof Wallenius Foundation provided financial support. We are grateful to Jennifer Alix for assistance with culturing as well as two anonymous reviewers and Dr. Gary H. Wikfors for manuscript advice. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 EI 1529-8817 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 64 EP 74 DI 10.1111/jpy.12364 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6AB UT WOS:000370005000006 PM 26987089 ER PT J AU Bowers, HA Marin, R Birch, JM Scholin, CA Doucette, GJ AF Bowers, Holly A. Marin, Roman, III Birch, James M. Scholin, Christopher A. Doucette, Gregory J. TI Recovery and identification of Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) frustules from natural samples acquired using the environmental sample processor SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE frustules; Pseudo-nitzschia; scanning electron microscopy ID DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; SP-NOV; CALIFORNIA; PROBES; HYBRIDIZATION; WASHINGTON; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; TOXICITY; NAPLES AB Many species within the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia are difficult to distinguish without applying molecular analytical or microscopy-based methods. DNA, antibody and lectin probes have previously been used to provide rapid and specific detection of species and strains in complex field assemblages. Recently, however, well-documented cryptic genetic diversity within the group has confounded results of DNA probe tests in particular. Moreover, the number of species descriptions within the genus continues to increase, as do insights into toxin production by both new and previously described species. Therefore, a combination of classical morphological techniques and modern molecular methodologies is needed to resolve ecophysiological traits of Pseudo-nitzschia species. Here, we present an approach to recover and identify frustules from sample collection filters used for toxin analysis onboard the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP), an insitu sample collection and analytical platform. This approach provides a new and powerful tool for correlating species presence with toxin detected remotely and insitu by the ESP, and has the potential to be applied broadly to other sampling configurations. This new technique will contribute to a better understanding of naturally occurring Pseudo-nitzschia community structure with respect to observed domoic acid outbreaks. C1 [Bowers, Holly A.; Marin, Roman, III; Birch, James M.; Scholin, Christopher A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bowers, HA (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM hbowers@mbari.org FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA11NOS4780055]; Packard Foundation FX The authors wish to thank T. Yuzvinsky of the W. M. Keck Center for Nanoscale Optofluidics at the University of California at Santa Cruz for SEM expertise, as well as two anonymous reviewers for constructive recommendations. This work was supported by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA11NOS4780055) and a fellowship to H. Bowers from the Packard Foundation. This is ECOHAB publication number ECO828. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 EI 1529-8817 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1111/jpy.12369 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6AB UT WOS:000370005000013 PM 26987095 ER PT J AU Soler, T Han, JY Weston, ND AF Soler, Tomas Han, Jen-Yu Weston, Neil D. TI Variance-Covariance Matrix of Transformed GPS Positions: Case Study for the NAD 83 Geodetic Datum SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Transformation of variance-covariance matrices; Geodetic surveys; North American Datum; Terrestrial reference frames introduction ID ACCURACY AB This investigation introduces a rigorous mathematical transformation of variance-covariance matrices between a global geocentric frame and a plate-fixed geodetic frame. A practical example between the geocentric frame of International GNSS Service 2008 (IGS08) epoch 2005.00 and the geodetic frame North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) (2011) epoch 2010.00 was implemented. Although the theory is general, the transformation used here is controlled by the assumptions implicit in the definition of NAD 83. However, the same approach could be extended to future definitions of fixed-plate datums used by geodetic organizations for charting and mapping applications. Consequently, because the transformation between these two specific frames is assumed by definition to be a one-to-one errorless transformation, the uncertainties for the 14 Helmert transformation parameters between the two frames are assumed to be zero. Nevertheless, the formulation is complete and applicable to other specific datum-transformation situations. C1 [Soler, Tomas] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Geodet Survey, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Han, Jen-Yu] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Weston, Neil D.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Han, JY (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM Tom.Soler@noaa.gov; jyhan@ntu.edu.tw; Neil.D.Weston@noaa.gov RI Han, Jen-Yu/B-5521-2009 OI Han, Jen-Yu/0000-0001-9555-4214 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 EI 1943-5428 J9 J SURV ENG JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2016 VL 142 IS 1 AR UNSP 04015004 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000143 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA DD6YW UT WOS:000370071700005 ER PT J AU Bacheler, NM Smart, TI AF Bacheler, Nathan M. Smart, Tracey I. TI Multi-decadal decline in reef fish abundance and species richness in the southeast USA assessed by standardized trap catches SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; ATLANTIC BIGHT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ASSEMBLAGES; PATTERNS; SEA; POPULATION AB Reef fish species naturally fluctuate in abundance over various temporal and spatial scales, but recent broad-scale declines in abundance have been observed worldwide and attributed to various anthropogenic influences. We used 25 years of fishery-independent trap data (N = 11,237 trap hauls) to examine the spatial and temporal variability in temperate reef fish abundance along the southeast coast of the USA, a relatively understudied region with many economically important reef fish species. Overall, 441,298 individuals from 118 species were caught in the trap survey. Number of species and total number of individuals caught in the trap survey declined over the 25 years, but when separated, nontargeted fish species declined more than fishery-targeted species. For instance, traps caught a median of 18 nontargeted individuals and a median of 2-3 nontargeted reef fish species in the early 1990s, but by the 2010s, traps caught a median of fewer than three nontargeted individuals and a median of one nontarget species. Using generalized additive models, we found that the catch of fishery-targeted and nontargeted species was positively related to bottom water temperature, while depth influenced nontargeted and fishery-targeted species in opposite ways. The substantial and consistent decline in nontargeted fish species suggests that more research and management attention should be given to these often ignored species. These results suggest that the temperate reef fish community in the southeast USA is influenced by more than just fishing, perhaps including invasive species (e.g., lionfish Pterois volitans), decadal-scale environmental variability, or climate change. C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Smart, Tracey I.] Marine Resources Res Inst, South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, 217 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM nate.bacheler@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank the captains and crews of the RV Palmetto, RV Savannah, NOAA Ship Pisces, and NOAA Ship Nancy Foster, SERFS staff, and numerous volunteers for making field work possible. We thank N. Ballew, A. Hohn, T. Kellison, P. Marraro, K. Shertzer, and two reviewers for providing comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This work was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Data collection for this study was allowed through various Scientific Research Permits, and research followed the guidelines of the US Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/references/phspol.htm#USGovPrinciples ). This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. The views and opinions expressed or implied in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 41 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 163 IS 2 AR 26 DI 10.1007/s00227-015-2774-x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6RW UT WOS:000370052700005 ER PT J AU Espinosa, EP Cerrato, RM Wikfors, GH Allam, B AF Espinosa, Emmanuelle Pales Cerrato, Robert M. Wikfors, Gary H. Allam, Bassem TI Modeling food choice in the two suspension-feeding bivalves, Crassostrea virginica and Mytilus edulis SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FITC-CONJUGATED LECTINS; PARTICLE SELECTION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; EASTERN OYSTER; BLUE MUSSEL; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; HARMFUL ALGAE; RECOGNITION; QUALITY; GIGAS AB Suspension-feeding bivalves are able to sort and select food particles from a complex mixture. Recent reports have indicated that this selection is mediated by interactions between lectins present in mucus covering the feeding organs and carbohydrates associated with the surface of microalgae. In this study, several statistical methods were evaluated to predict the likelihood for a given micro alga to be ingested or rejected based upon its cell surface carbohydrate signature. First, the carbohydrate signatures of 16 microalgae were characterized using 10 different lectins. In June 2014, a subset of microalgae (12 species) was then used in feeding experiments where different pairs of microalgae were presented to oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) to evaluate selection. Results show that cell surface carbohydrates are good predictors for particle fate. Specifically, microalgae rich in glucose/mannose residues were preferentially selected by both oysters and mussels. Several statistical methods for predicting the likelihood of a given alga being ingested or rejected were evaluated, and a decision tree that accurately models selection in the two bivalves is proposed even though the model warrants further validation with different species or in various seasons. Overall, these findings provide a promising predictive tool that could be used to assess bivalve performance and benthic pelagic coupling under ecological or aquaculture contexts. C1 [Espinosa, Emmanuelle Pales; Cerrato, Robert M.; Allam, Bassem] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Espinosa, EP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM Emmanuelle.Palesespinosa@Stonybrook.edu FU National Science Foundation [IOS-1050596, IOS-1146920] FX We would like to thank Marty Byrnes (Great Atlantic Shellfish Farms) for providing oysters, and Simon Allam, Jennifer Alix and Sleiman Bassim for valuable help during this study. We are grateful to Professor Bayne and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments. This work was funded in part by grants from the National Science Foundation (IOS-1050596 and IOS-1146920 to EPE and BA). NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 163 IS 2 AR 40 DI 10.1007/s00227-016-2815-0 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6RW UT WOS:000370052700019 ER PT J AU Miller, KB AF Miller, Katharine B. TI Forecasting at the edge of the niche: Didemnum vexillum in Southeast Alaska SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; BOTRYLLUS-SCHLOSSERI; NEURAL-NETWORKS; NEW-ENGLAND; ASCIDIANS; INVASION; POPULATION; PLASTICITY; SALINITY; TOLERANT AB Controlling the spread of marine invasive species is a challenging and costly task. Maps that predict the potential spread of an invader based on known habitat preferences can be extremely valuable for assessing invasion risk and prioritizing management actions for invasion control or prevention. Most maps are developed by using environmental data on the species' known distribution to map the potential niche of the species in a new location. However, this approach is complicated when a species spreads to an area where environmental conditions are much different than in other places it is known to exist. Didemnum vexillum was discovered in Southeast Alaska in 2010, marking the northernmost known range of this species. A self-organizing map (SOM) was used to assess potential habitat for D. vexillum in other parts of Southeast Alaska using summer and winter temperature and salinity as controlling factors. This research highlights the uncertainty of using the species' current distribution to evaluate potential spread to an environment at the edge of a species' environmental tolerances. It also identifies gaps in our knowledge of D. vexillum thermal and salinity tolerances, including potential synergistic and additive effects of both low temperature and low salinity, which limit investigation of mechanistic modeling methods. C1 [Miller, Katharine B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Miller, KB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM katharine.miller@noaa.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [32852] FX This research was funded by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA in support of research conducted under Grant 32852 of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Alaska Fish and Wildlife Fund. Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 163 IS 2 AR 30 DI 10.1007/s00227-015-2799-1 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6RW UT WOS:000370052700009 ER PT J AU Ghasriani, H Hodgson, DJ Brinson, RG McEwen, I Buhse, LF Kozlowski, S Marino, JP Aubin, Y Keire, DA AF Ghasriani, Houman Hodgson, Derek J. Brinson, Robert G. McEwen, Ian Buhse, Lucinda F. Kozlowski, Steven Marino, John P. Aubin, Yves Keire, David A. TI Precision and robustness of 2D-NMR for structure assessment of filgrastim biosimilars SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ORDER STRUCTURE; NMR C1 [Ghasriani, Houman; Buhse, Lucinda F.; Keire, David A.] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Div Pharmaceut Anal, St Louis, MO USA. [Hodgson, Derek J.; Aubin, Yves] Hlth Canada, Biol & Genet Therapies Directorate, Ctr Biol Evaluat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Brinson, Robert G.; Marino, John P.] NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [McEwen, Ian] Med Prod Agcy Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden. [Kozlowski, Steven] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off Biotechnol Prod, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Keire, DA (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Div Pharmaceut Anal, St Louis, MO USA.; Aubin, Y (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Biol & Genet Therapies Directorate, Ctr Biol Evaluat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada.; Marino, JP (reprint author), NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. EM john.marino@nist.gov; yves.aubin@hc-sc.gc.ca; david.keire@fda.hhs.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 EI 1546-1696 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 34 IS 2 BP 139 EP 141 DI 10.1038/nbt.3474 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA DD0OK UT WOS:000369619100011 PM 26849514 ER PT J AU Ward, LP Purushotham, KP Manory, RR AF Ward, L. P. Purushotham, K. P. Manory, R. R. TI Studies on the surface modification of TiN coatings using MEVVA ion implantation with selected metallic species SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE TiN coatings; MEVVA ion implantation; Characterization; Friction; Wear ID TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; TITANIUM NITRIDE; HARD COATINGS; TRIBOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; STAINLESS-STEEL; BEAM TREATMENTS; FILMS; PVD; CARBON; NITROGEN AB Improvement in the performance of TiN coatings can be achieved using surface modification techniques such as ion implantation. In the present study, physical vapor deposited (PVD) TiN coatings were implanted with Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo and W using the metal evaporation vacuum arc (MEVVA) technique at a constant nominal dose of 4 x 10(16) ions cm(-2) for all species. The samples were characterized before and after implantation, using Rutherford backscattering (RBS), glancing incident angle X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy. Friction and wear studies were performed under dry sliding conditions using a pin-on-disc CSEM Tribometer at 1 N load and 450 m sliding distance. A reduction in the grain size and surface roughness was observed after implantation with all five species. Little variation was observed in the residual stress values for all implanted TiN coatings, except for W implanted TiN which showed a pronounced increase in compressive residual stress. Mo-implanted samples showed a lower coefficient of friction and higher resistance to breakdown during the initial stages of testing than as-received samples. Significant reduction in wear rate was observed after implanting with Zr and Mo ions compared with unimplanted TiN. The presence of the Ti2N phase was observed with Cr implantation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ward, L. P.] RMIT Univ, Sch Civil Environm & Chem Engn, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Purushotham, K. P.] NIST, Nanometrol Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Manory, R. R.] M&H Mat Pty Ltd, POB 1033, Elsternwick, Vic 3185, Australia. RP Ward, LP (reprint author), RMIT Univ, Sch Civil Environm & Chem Engn, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM liam.ward@rmit.edu.au OI Manory, Rafael/0000-0001-8330-9238 FU Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE) FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to Surface Technology Coating, Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia for providing the TiN coatings. In addition, the authors thank the Australian Nuclear Science Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Menai, NSW for the use of the MEVVA ion implanter facility and the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE) for providing the research grants enabling the authors to use the ANSTO facilities and to carry out the work reported here. The authors are grateful for the useful suggestions of Prof. Decebal-Radu Ciurchea of Babes-Bolyai University (Cluj-Napoca, Romania) and Prof. Yurii Sharkeev of the Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science (Tomsk, Russia). RRM would also like to acknowledge the support and encouragement received during the years from Dr. Anthony J. Perry, one of the pioneers of ion implantation of cutting tools, who passed away in 2013. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 368 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2015.11.038 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA DD1KN UT WOS:000369680700006 ER PT J AU Beckensteiner, J Kaplan, DM Potts, WM Santos, CV O'Farrell, MR AF Beckensteiner, Jennifer Kaplan, David M. Potts, Warren M. Santos, Carmen V. O'Farrell, Michael R. TI Data-Limited Population-Status Evaluation of Two Coastal Fishes in Southern Angola Using Recreational Catch Length-Frequency Data SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BENGUELA FRONTAL ZONE; MARINE PROTECTED AREA; STOCK-ASSESSMENT; MATERNAL-AGE; LIFE-HISTORY; MANAGEMENT; FLUCTUATIONS; RECRUITMENT; SELECTION; SURVIVAL AB Excessive truncation of a population's size structure is often identified as an important deleterious effect of exploitation, yet the effect on population persistence of size-structure truncation caused by exploitation is often not quantified due to data limitations. In this study, we estimate changes in eggs per recruit (EPR)using annual length-frequency samples over a 9 year period to assess persistence of the two most important recreational fishes in southern Angola: west coast dusky kob (Argyrosomus coronus) and leerfish (Lichia amia). Using a length-and age-structured model, we improve on an existing method to fit this type of model to length-frequency data and estimate EPR. The objectives of the methodological changes are to add flexibility and robustness to the approach for assessing population status in data-limited situations. Results indicate that dusky kob presents very low levels of EPR (5%-10% of the per recruit reproductive capacity in the absence of fishing) in 2013, whereas large inter-annual variability in leerfish estimates suggest caution must be applied when drawing conclusions about its exploitation status. Using simulated length frequency data with known parameter values, we demonstrate that recruitment decline due to overexploitation leads to overestimation of EPR values. Considering the low levels of EPR estimated for the study species, recruitment limitation is not impossible and true EPR values may be even lower than our estimates. It is, therefore, likely that management action, such as the creation of Marine Protected Areas, is needed to reconstitute the west coast dusky kob population. C1 [Beckensteiner, Jennifer; Kaplan, David M.] IRD, Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, UMR EME 212, Sete, France. [Beckensteiner, Jennifer; Kaplan, David M.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Fisheries, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Potts, Warren M.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Ichthyol & Fisheries Sci, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Santos, Carmen V.] FCUAN, Luanda, Angola. [O'Farrell, Michael R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [O'Farrell, Michael R.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Beckensteiner, J (reprint author), IRD, Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, UMR EME 212, Sete, France.; Beckensteiner, J (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Fisheries, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM jbeckensteiner@vims.edu FU AMPED project from French National Research Agency (ANR), Systerra Programme [ANR-08-STRA-03]; National Research Foundation [66957]; National Research Foundations Knowledge Field Development South African Biosystems Initiative [74457] FX JB and DMK were supported by the AMPED project (www.amped.ird.fr) through a grant from the French National Research Agency (ANR), Systerra Programme, grant number ANR-08-STRA-03. WP and CVS were supported by the National Research Foundation under grant number 66957 and by the National Research Foundations Knowledge Field Development South African Biosystems Initiative under grant number 74457. This work was performed in part using computational facilities at the College of William and Mary which were provided with the assistance of the National Science Foundation, the Virginia Port Authority, Sun Microsystems, and Virginia's Commonwealth Technology Research Fund. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 2 AR e0147834 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0147834 PG 29 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC9NL UT WOS:000369548200035 PM 26829489 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Culp, JT Chen, YS Deschamps, JR Marti, A AF Wong-Ng, Winnie Culp, Jeffrey T. Chen, Yu-S. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Marti, Anna TI Synthesis and structural characterization of a flexible metal organic framework {[Ni(dpbz)][Ni(CN)(4)]}(n), dpbz=1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene) with an unusual Ni-N bond SO SOLID STATE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide capture; Flexible porous MOF; Soft porous crystals; Ni(1,4-bis (4-pyridyl)benzene)[Ni(CN)(4)]; Synchrotron crystal structure; Sorption isotherms; 5-Coordinate nickel complex ID POROUS COORDINATION POLYMER; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; SPIN-CROSSOVER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; POWDER DIFFRACTION; CO2; ADSORPTION; COMPLEXES; CYANIDE AB The chartreuse monoclinic Ni-dpbz (Ni(L)[Ni(CN)(4)], (L = 1,4-Bis(4-pyridyl) benzene, or dpbz) crystal assumes a pillared structure with layers defined by 2-D Ni[Ni(CN)(4)](n) nets and dpbz ligands as pillars, linking between coordinated Ni sites. In addition to the hysteretic adsorption/desorption feature of Ni-dpbz, in half of the parallelepiped-shape space enclosed by the pillars and nets, an additional dpbz ligand was found to link between the open ends of two four-fold Ni sites. This arrangement results in an unusual 5-fold pseudo square-pyramid environment for Ni and a significantly long Ni-N distance of 2.369(4) angstrom. The presence of disordered dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent molecules give rise to the formula of Ni(dpbz)[Ni(CN)(4)].1/2dpbz.0.44DMSO. Sorption isotherms showed flexible behavior during the adsorption and desorption of CO2. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Culp, Jeffrey T.; Marti, Anna] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Dept Energy, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Culp, Jeffrey T.] AECOM, South Pk, PA 15219 USA. [Chen, Yu-S.] Univ Chicago, ChemMatCARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov FU National Energy Technology under the RES contract [DE-FE0004000]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-0822838]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This technical effort was performed in support of the National Energy Technology's ongoing research in CO2 capture under the RES contract DE-FE0004000. The authors gratefully acknowledge ChemMatCARS Sector 15 which is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number NSF/CHE-0822838. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 19 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1293-2558 EI 1873-3085 J9 SOLID STATE SCI JI Solid State Sci. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 52 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2015.11.010 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA DB9GB UT WOS:000368823300001 ER PT J AU Medina, EA Li, J Stalick, JK Subramanian, MA AF Medina, Elena A. Li, Jun Stalick, Judith K. Subramanian, M. A. TI Intense turquoise colors of apatite-type compounds with Mn5+ in tetrahedral coordination SO SOLID STATE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Inorganic pigments; Apatite-type structure; Synthesis; Neutron diffraction; Optical properties; Magnetism ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; STRUCTURED COMPOUNDS; THERMAL-EXPANSION; LUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; CHLORAPATITE; DISTORTION; CONSTANTS; POLYHEDRA; PHOSPHORS AB The solid solutions of chlorapatite compounds Ba(5)Mn(3-x)VxO(12)Cl (x = 0-3.0) and Ba(5)Mn(3-x)PxO(12)Cl (x = 0-3.0) have been synthesized through solid state reactions and Pechini or solegel method using citric acid. The colors of the samples change from white (x = 3.0) through turquoise (x = 1.5) to dark green (x = 0) with increasing amount of manganese. Optical measurements reveal that the origin of the color is presumably a combination of d-d transitions of Mn5+ and cation-anion charge transfer from transition metals to oxygens. Near IR reflectance measurements indicate that synthesized compounds are promising materials for "cool pigments" applications. Magnetic measurements verify that manganese has two unpaired electrons and exhibits 5 + oxidation state. The IR spectra change systematically with sample compositions and the fingerprint region (700 cm(-1) to 1100 cm(-1)) indicates characteristic bands belonging to (MnO4)(3-), (VO4)(3-) and (PO4)(3-) functional groups. Structure refinements using neutron data confirm that Mn5+, V5+ and P5+ cations occupy the tetrahedral sites in the apatite structure. (C) 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Medina, Elena A.; Li, Jun; Subramanian, M. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stalick, Judith K.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM liju@science.oregonstate.edu OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-6911-4474 FU National Science Foundation [DMR - 1508527] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation (DMR - 1508527). The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 12 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1293-2558 EI 1873-3085 J9 SOLID STATE SCI JI Solid State Sci. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 52 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2015.12.001 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA DB9GB UT WOS:000368823300015 ER PT J AU Garner, BA Hand, BK Amish, SJ Bernatchez, L Foster, JT Miller, KM Morin, PA Narum, SR O'Brien, SJ Roffler, G Templin, WD Sunnucks, P Strait, J Warheit, KI Seamons, TR Wenburg, J Olsen, J Luikart, G AF Garner, Brittany A. Hand, Brian K. Amish, Stephen J. Bernatchez, Louis Foster, Jeffrey T. Miller, Kristina M. Morin, Phillip A. Narum, Shawn R. O'Brien, Stephen J. Roffler, Gretchen Templin, William D. Sunnucks, Paul Strait, Jeffrey Warheit, Kenneth I. Seamons, Todd R. Wenburg, John Olsen, Jeffrey Luikart, Gordon TI Genomics in Conservation: Case Studies and Bridging the Gap between Data and Application SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HIGH-THROUGHPUT C1 [Garner, Brittany A.; Hand, Brian K.; Amish, Stephen J.; Strait, Jeffrey; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Div Biol Sci, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Garner, Brittany A.; Amish, Stephen J.; Strait, Jeffrey; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Wildlife Program, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Bernatchez, Louis] Univ Laval, Inst Biol Integrat & Syst, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Foster, Jeffrey T.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Miller, Kristina M.] Pacific Biol Stn, Mol Genet Lab, Nanalmo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Morin, Phillip A.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Narum, Shawn R.] Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commiss, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [O'Brien, Stephen J.] St Petersburg State Univ, Theodosius Dobzhansky Ctr Genome Bioinformat, 41 Sredniy Prospect, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Roffler, Gretchen] Div Wildlife Conservat, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 802 3rd St, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. [Templin, William D.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Gene Conservat Lab, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Sunnucks, Paul] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. [Warheit, Kenneth I.; Seamons, Todd R.] Mol Genet Lab, Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Wenburg, John; Olsen, Jeffrey] Conservat Genet Lab, 1011 East Tudor Rd,MS 331, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Hand, BK (reprint author), Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Div Biol Sci, Polson, MT 59860 USA. EM brian.hand@umontana.edu OI Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564; Sunnucks, Paul/0000-0002-8139-7059 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 81 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2015.10.009 PG 3 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DC8IF UT WOS:000369462400001 PM 26654124 ER PT J AU Schuyler, QA Wilcox, C Townsend, KA Wedemeyer-Strombel, KR Balazs, G van Sebille, E Hardesty, BD AF Schuyler, Qamar A. Wilcox, Chris Townsend, Kathy A. Wedemeyer-Strombel, Kathryn R. Balazs, George van Sebille, Erik Hardesty, Britta Denise TI Risk analysis reveals global hotspots for marine debris ingestion by sea turtles SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caretta caretta; Chelonia mydas; debris ingestion; Dermochelys coriacea; Eretmochelys imbricata; Lepidochelys kempii; Lepidochelys olivacea; marine plastics; Natator depressus; risk analysis ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; SOMATIC GROWTH-MODEL; FEEDING HABITAT USE; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; CARETTA-CARETTA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; RESEARCH PRIORITIES; PLASTIC INGESTION; SUBTROPICAL GYRE AB Plastic marine debris pollution is rapidly becoming one of the critical environmental concerns facing wildlife in the 21st century. Here we present a risk analysis for plastic ingestion by sea turtles on a global scale. We combined global marine plastic distributions based on ocean drifter data with sea turtle habitat maps to predict exposure levels to plastic pollution. Empirical data from necropsies of deceased animals were then utilised to assess the consequence of exposure to plastics. We modelled the risk (probability of debris ingestion) by incorporating exposure to debris and consequence of exposure, and included life history stage, species of sea turtle and date of stranding observation as possible additional explanatory factors. Life history stage is the best predictor of debris ingestion, but the best-fit model also incorporates encounter rates within a limited distance from stranding location, marine debris predictions specific to the date of the stranding study and turtle species. There is no difference in ingestion rates between stranded turtles vs. those caught as bycatch from fishing activity, suggesting that stranded animals are not a biased representation of debris ingestion rates in the background population. Oceanic life-stage sea turtles are at the highest risk of debris ingestion, and olive ridley turtles are the most at-risk species. The regions of highest risk to global sea turtle populations are off of the east coasts of the USA, Australia and South Africa; the east Indian Ocean, and Southeast Asia. Model results can be used to predict the number of sea turtles globally at risk of debris ingestion. Based on currently available data, initial calculations indicate that up to 52% of sea turtles may have ingested debris. C1 [Schuyler, Qamar A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Wilcox, Chris; Hardesty, Britta Denise] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Townsend, Kathy A.] Univ Queensland, Moreton Bay Res Stn, North Stradbroke Isl, Qld 4183, Australia. [Wedemeyer-Strombel, Kathryn R.] Texas A&M Univ, Marine Biol Grad Interdisciplinary Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Balazs, George] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [van Sebille, Erik] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [van Sebille, Erik] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [van Sebille, Erik] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Grantham Inst, London SW7 2AZ, England. [van Sebille, Erik] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Schuyler, QA (reprint author), Moreton Bay Res Stn, Corner Flinders Ave & Fraser St, Dunwich, Qld 4183, Australia. EM q.schuyler@uq.edu.au RI Townsend, Kathy/K-9486-2016; van Sebille, Erik/F-6781-2010; Hardesty, Britta Denise/A-3189-2011; Wilcox, Chris/A-3585-2010 OI Townsend, Kathy/0000-0002-2581-2158; van Sebille, Erik/0000-0003-2041-0704; Hardesty, Britta Denise/0000-0003-1948-5098; Wilcox, Chris/0000-0002-5983-657X FU ARC Linkage grant [LP110200216]; Australian Postgraduate Award; Margaret Middleton Foundation; CSIRO's Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship; Shell Social Investment Program; National Science Foundation [DGE-1252521]; Texas A&M Marine Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program; Biology Department; Australian Research Council [DE130101336, CE110001028] FX Special thanks to TJ Lawson for invaluable support and technical assistance. QAS and KAT were supported by ARC Linkage grant LP110200216. QAS was additionally supported by the Australian Postgraduate Award, and the Margaret Middleton Foundation. BDH and CW were supported by CSIRO's Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, and the Shell Social Investment Program. KW-S was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1252521 and the Texas A&M Marine Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program and the Biology Department. EVS was supported by the Australian Research Council via grants DE130101336 and CE110001028. Any opinion, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 26 U2 110 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 22 IS 2 BP 567 EP 576 DI 10.1111/gcb.13078 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC3RC UT WOS:000369135400008 PM 26365568 ER PT J AU Li, FK Parnell, SR Bai, HY Yang, WC Hamilton, WA Maranville, BB Ashkar, R Baxter, DV Cremer, JT Pynn, R AF Li, Fankang Parnell, Steven R. Bai, Hongyu Yang, Wencao Hamilton, William A. Maranville, Brian B. Ashkar, Rana Baxter, David V. Cremer, J. Ted Pynn, Roger TI Spin echo modulated small-angle neutron scattering using superconducting magnetic Wollaston prisms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE magnetic Wollaston prisms; Larmor labeling; spin echo modulated small-angle neutron scattering (SEMSANS); neutron spin echo; correlation functions ID PRECESSION; TOOL AB The spin echo modulated small-angle neutron scattering technique has been implemented using two superconducting magnetic Wollaston prisms at a reactor neutron source. The density autocorrelation function measured for a test sample of colloidal silica in a suspension agrees with that obtained previously by other neutron scattering methods on an identically prepared sample. The reported apparatus has a number of advantages over competing technologies: it should allow larger length scales (up to several micrometres) to be probed; it has very small parasitic neutron scattering and attenuation; the magnetic fields within the device are highly uniform; and the neutron spin transport across the device boundaries is very efficient. To understand quantitatively the results of the reported experiment and to guide future instrument development, Monte Carlo simulations are presented, in which the evolution of the neutron polarization through the apparatus is based on magnetic field integrals obtained from finite-element simulations of the various magnetic components. The Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the polarization losses observed in the experiments are a result of instrumental artifacts that can be easily corrected in future experiments. C1 [Li, Fankang; Yang, Wencao; Baxter, David V.; Pynn, Roger] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, 2401 Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Parnell, Steven R.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Sci Appl, Mekelweg 15, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. [Bai, Hongyu] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Hamilton, William A.; Ashkar, Rana; Pynn, Roger] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Maranville, Brian B.; Ashkar, Rana] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ashkar, Rana] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cremer, J. Ted] Adelphi Technol Inc, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. RP Li, FK; Pynn, R (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, 2401 Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.; Pynn, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM fankli@indiana.edu; pynn@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Baxter, David /D-3769-2013; OI Baxter, David /0000-0003-2812-0904; Ashkar, Rana/0000-0003-4075-2330; Li, Fankang/0000-0001-8859-0102 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0956741, DMR-0944772, DMR-0220560, DMR-0320627]; STTR program of the US Department of Energy [DE-SC0009584]; 21st Century Science and Technology fund of Indiana, Indiana University; Department of Defense FX The conceptual design and simulations of the first HTS Wollaston prism were supported by the National Science Foundation (grant No. DMR-0956741). The design and construction of the two magnetic Wollaston prisms were supported by the STTR program of the US Department of Energy (grant No. DE-SC0009584). We would like to extend our gratitude to Dr J. Plomp (Delft University of Technology) for providing the current-sheet flipper, J. Doskow (Indiana University Bloomington) for designing the vacuum chamber, and the members of the sample environment team at the NCNR, Tanya Dax and Qiang (Alan) Ye, for their help with the cryogenics. We also acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, in providing access to the neutron research facilities, supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant No. DMR-0944772. Construction of LENS was supported by the National Science Foundation grants DMR-0220560 and DMR-0320627, the 21st Century Science and Technology fund of Indiana, Indiana University, and the Department of Defense. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 49 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1107/S1600576715021573 PN 1 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA DC7HB UT WOS:000369389300007 ER PT J AU Delworth, TL Zeng, FR AF Delworth, Thomas L. Zeng, Fanrong TI The Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Climate through Its Influence on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; North Atlantic Oscillation; Models and modeling; Climate models; Ocean models; Variability; Decadal variability ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; DECADAL VARIABILITY; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY; EUROPEAN CLIMATE; OCEAN; MODEL; HEMISPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; PREDICTABILITY AB The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and large-scale climate is assessed using simulations with three different climate models. Perturbation experiments are conducted in which a pattern of anomalous heat flux corresponding to the NAO is added to the model ocean. Differences between the perturbation experiments and a control illustrate how the model ocean and climate system respond to the NAO. A positive phase of the NAO strengthens the AMOC by extracting heat from the subpolar gyre, thereby increasing deep-water formation, horizontal density gradients, and the AMOC. The flux forcings have the spatial structure of the observed NAO, but the amplitude of the forcing varies in time with distinct periods varying from 2 to 100 yr. The response of the AMOC to NAO variations is small at short time scales but increases up to the dominant time scale of internal AMOC variability (20-30 yr for the models used). The amplitude of the AMOC response, as well as associated oceanic heat transport, is approximately constant as the time scale of the forcing is increased further. In contrast, the response of other properties, such as hemispheric temperature or Arctic sea ice, continues to increase as the time scale of the forcing becomes progressively longer. The larger response is associated with the time integral of the anomalous oceanic heat transport at longer time scales, combined with an increased impact of radiative feedback processes. It is shown that NAO fluctuations, similar in amplitude to those observed over the last century, can modulate hemispheric temperature by several tenths of a degree. C1 [Delworth, Thomas L.; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Delworth, TL (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd,Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus, Plainsboro, NJ 08540 USA. EM tom.delworth@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 12 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 29 IS 3 BP 941 EP 962 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0396.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DC5SA UT WOS:000369279500004 ER PT J AU DuVivier, AK Cassano, JJ Craig, A Hamman, J Maslowski, W Nijssen, B Osinski, R Roberts, A AF DuVivier, Alice K. Cassano, John J. Craig, Anthony Hamman, Joseph Maslowski, Wieslaw Nijssen, Bart Osinski, Robert Roberts, Andrew TI Winter Atmospheric Buoyancy Forcing and Oceanic Response during Strong Wind Events around Southeastern Greenland in the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) for 1990-2010 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Geographic location; entity; Arctic; Circulation; Dynamics; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Oceanic mixed layer; Wind; Models and modeling; Coupled models; Regional models ID LABRADOR SEA-WATER; SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS; CENTRAL IRMINGER SEA; DEEP CONVECTION; BARRIER WINDS; TIP JET; SCALE PROCESSES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CAPE-FAREWELL; ERA-INTERIM AB Strong, mesoscale tip jets and barrier winds that occur along the southeastern Greenland coast have the potential to impact deep convection in the Irminger Sea. The self-organizing map (SOM) training algorithm was used to identify 12 wind patterns that represent the range of winter [November-March (NDJFM)] wind regimes identified in the fully coupled Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) during 1990-2010. For all wind patterns, the ocean loses buoyancy, primarily through the turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes; haline contributions to buoyancy change were found to be insignificant compared to the thermal contributions. Patterns with westerly winds at the Cape Farewell area had the largest buoyancy loss over the Irminger and Labrador Seas due to large turbulent fluxes from strong winds and the advection of anomalously cold, dry air over the warmer ocean. Similar to observations, RASM simulated typical ocean mixed layer depths (MLD) of approximately 400 m throughout the Irminger basin, with individual years experiencing MLDs of 800 m or greater. The ocean mixed layer deepens over most of the Irminger Sea following wind events with northerly flow, and the deepening is greater for patterns of longer duration. Seasonal deepest MLD is strongly and positively correlated to the frequency of westerly tip jets with northerly flow. C1 [DuVivier, Alice K.; Cassano, John J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [DuVivier, Alice K.; Cassano, John J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Craig, Anthony; Maslowski, Wieslaw; Osinski, Robert; Roberts, Andrew] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Hamman, Joseph; Nijssen, Bart] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Osinski, Robert] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland. RP DuVivier, AK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alice.duvivier@colorado.edu RI Nijssen, Bart/B-1013-2012; OI Nijssen, Bart/0000-0002-4062-0322; Hamman, Joseph/0000-0001-7479-8439 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-07ER64462, DE-SC0006178, DE-SC0005783, DE-FG02-07ER64460, DE-SC0006856]; NSF [PLR 1107788, ARC1107788] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Grants DE-FG02-07ER64462, DE-SC0006178, DE-SC0005783, DE-FG02-07ER64460, and DE-SC0006856 and NSF Grants PLR 1107788 and ARC1107788, and computational resources were provided by the Department of Defense (DOD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP). WRF Model boundary conditions have been derived from the ERA-Interim dataset provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The ERA-Interim data for this manuscript are available on the Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (ERA-I: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds627.0/; CFSR: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds093.1/). The following members of the RASM development team have not contributed directly to the analysis within this paper but have provided invaluable advice on the broader model: Xubin Zeng, William Lipscomb, Michael Brunke, and William Gutowski. We also appreciate the feedback from three anonymous reviewers who have helped improve this manuscript. Data are available from the authors upon request. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 29 IS 3 BP 975 EP 994 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0592.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DC5SA UT WOS:000369279500006 ER PT J AU Tan, W Wang, X Wang, WQ Wang, CZ Zuo, JC AF Tan, Wei Wang, Xin Wang, Weiqiang Wang, Chunzai Zuo, Juncheng TI Different Responses of Sea Surface Temperature in the South China Sea to Various El Nino Events during Boreal Autumn SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; El Nino; ENSO; Oceanic mixed layer; Sea surface temperature ID TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; ASIAN WINTER MONSOON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WARM POOL; ATMOSPHERIC BRIDGE; DIFFERENT IMPACTS; SUMMER MONSOON; DIPOLE MODE; LA-NINA; PACIFIC AB This study investigates variations of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the South China Sea (SCS) during developing autumn of various El Nino events. The warm SST anomalies are observed in the SCS for canonical El Nino and El Nino Modoki I, whereas the cold SST anomalies are found for El Nino Modoki II. The ocean heat budget analyses show that the latent heat flux change induced by various types of El Nino events is a major contributor to the SCS SST variations. An anomalous anticyclone resides near the Philippine Sea for canonical El Nino and El Nino Modoki I, which induces the southerly wind anomalies over the SCS and thus weakens the climatological northeasterly in boreal autumn. The weakened surface wind speed reduces heat loss from the ocean, leading to a warmer state in the SCS. However, for El Nino Modoki II, the anomalous anticyclone shifts westward to the west of the SCS, and thus the northeasterly wind anomalies appear in the SCS. The northeasterly anomalies enhance the climatological northeasterly monsoon, increase the wind speed, and increase heat loss from the ocean, thus resulting in a cooling in the SCS. The anomalous anticyclone associated with El Nino events also increases shortwave radiation. The increases of the shortwave radiation can also contribute to the SCS warming for canonical El Nino and El Nino Modoki I in addition to the warm effect from the latent heat flux. Because the cooling effect from the latent heat flux is larger than that of the shortwave radiation for El Nino Modoki II, the SCS for El Nino Modoki II tends to be cool. C1 [Tan, Wei; Zuo, Juncheng] Hohai Univ, Inst Phys Oceanog, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xin; Wang, Weiqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, 164 West Xingang Rd, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xin] Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Reg Oceanog & Numer Modeling, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, 164 West Xingang Rd, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM wangxin@scsio.ac.cn RI Wang, Xin/B-4624-2012; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA11010403]; CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41422601, 41376025, 41376024]; National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430301, 2013CB430302]; Project of Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction [GASI-03-IPOVAI-04]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office; NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant XDA11010403), the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41422601, 41376025 and 41376024), the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430301 and 2013CB430302), the Project of Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction under Contract GASI-03-IPOVAI-04, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office, and the base funding of NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 29 IS 3 BP 1127 EP 1142 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0338.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DC5UW UT WOS:000369287000001 ER PT J AU Figgener, C Chacon-Chaverri, D Jensen, MP Feldhaar, H AF Figgener, Christine Chacon-Chaverri, Didiher Jensen, Michael P. Feldhaar, Heike TI Paternity re-visited in a recovering population of Caribbean leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marine turtles; Endangered species; Microsatellites; Costa Rica; Sperm storage; Multiple paternity ID RIDLEY SEA-TURTLE; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; SPERM STORAGE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRENCH-GUIANA; MARINE TURTLE; COSTA-RICA; CONSERVATION AB Sea turtles in general are promiscuous breeders, but previous leatherback paternity studies found only a very low level of multiple paternity or none at all. Three highly polymorphic microsatellite markers (Dc99, Cc117, and Ei8) were used to investigate the paternity of a recovering population of leatherback turtles nesting at Playa Gandoca in Costa Rica, which is part of the Atlantic Costa Rican leatherback nesting population. The aim of this study was to (i) detect multiple paternity, (ii) compare the results to previous studies in the same and different nesting populations, (iii) consider the possibility of sperm storage, (iv) explore the possibility of successful inter-nesting mating taking place, and (v) determine the effect of small population size on mating patterns. Tissue samples from females and hatchlings were collected from one to three consecutive clutches (35 clutches total) of 18 nesting females included in the assay with an average sampling effort of 21.91% of offspring per clutch. Evidence of multiple paternity was found in four out of 18 females (22.22%), which had mated with two to three different males. The results from this study indicate that multiple paternity is more common than previously observed for the Atlantic Costa Rican leatherback nesting population. The analyses of successive clutches from the multiply mated females showed that paternal contribution varies between successive clutches and "new" fathers in consecutive clutches suggest the possibility of successful inter-nesting mating. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Figgener, Christine; Feldhaar, Heike] Univ Wurzburg, Biozentrum, Dept Behav Physiol & Sociobiol, Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Figgener, Christine] Texas A&M Univ, IDP Marine Biol, 730 Lamar St, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Feldhaar, Heike] Univ Bayreuth, Anim Ecol 1, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Chacon-Chaverri, Didiher] Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservat Network Cost, Apdo 496-1100 Tibbs, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Jensen, Michael P.] NOAA, Natl Res Council, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Figgener, C (reprint author), 730 Lamar St,4115 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM christine.figgener@tamu.edu OI Feldhaar, Heike/0000-0001-6797-5126 FU University of Wurzburg; PADI Foundation [293-2009] FX We would like to thank MINAE and the Costa Rican government for their cooperation and the permits to work in Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca-Manzanillo (REGAMA) during the 2008 leatherback nesting season. We would also like to thank the organisation ANAL, the entire Gandoca field staff and volunteers of the 2008 nesting season for their help and support, especially Andrey Castillo MacCarthy for helping us with his incredible knowledge of the turtles and the beach. Dr. Jochen Drescher, Dr. Ina Heidinger, and Karin Moeller provided technical assistance in the laboratory, and special thanks go to Dr. Pamela Plotkin for giving us her expert opinion and a hand in proof reading the manuscript. We thank the Costa Rican government for issuing our sampling permit R-002-2009-OT CONAGEBIO, and CITES (especially Stefan Raths) for granting us the necessary export/import permit E-03504/08. This work was supported by the University of Wurzburg and grant 293-2009 from the PADI Foundation. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 475 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2015.11.014 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DC4TG UT WOS:000369212600014 ER PT J AU Kasperski, S AF Kasperski, Stephen TI Optimal multispecies harvesting in the presence of a nuisance species SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem-based management; Bioeconomic; Multispecies; Multi-ouptut ID PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEM; SEEMINGLY UNRELATED REGRESSIONS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; FISHERIES BYCATCH; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; TECHNOLOGY; ECONOMICS; POLICIES AB Current knowledge of the complex relationships within ecological and economic systems make operationalizing ecosystem approaches within fisheries management difficult. As these approaches are developed, it is important to include non-target species that affect the productivity (as prey) and availability (as predators) of targeted species. This study develops a multispecies bioeconomic model that incorporates ecological and economic interactions to determine the optimal harvest of each species in the presence of a "nuisance" species, which lowers the value of the fishery by negatively affecting the growth of the other species in the ecosystem, and has little harvest value of its own. The populations of walleye pollock, Pacific cod, and arrowtooth flounder (a nuisance species) in the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands region of Alaska are used as a case study. Vessel-and gear-specific profit functions with multi output production technologies are used, along with estimated multispecies stock dynamics equations, to determine the optimal multispecies quotas and subsidy on the harvest of the nuisance species to maximize the value of this fishery. Ignoring the nuisance species results in a substantially less productive and lower value fishery than optimal joint management. This study highlights the importance of incorporating the impact of non-targeted species in ecosystem-based fisheries management. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kasperski, Stephen] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kasperski, S (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Stephen.Kasperski@noaa.gov OI Kasperski, Stephen/0000-0002-2636-8618 FU Sea Grant/National Marine Fisheries Service FX The author would like to thank Lars Olson, Richard Just, Ted McConnell, Doug Lipton, Wallace Oates, Erik Lichtenberg, Ron Felthoven, Lisa Pfeiffer, seminar participants at the 2011 American Fisheries Society Annual Meetings, 2011 North American Association of Fisheries Economists Forum, 2010 Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Meetings, and the 2010 National Marine Fisheries Service National Stock Assessment Workshop, and an anonymous referee. A portion of this work was done while the author was a Sea Grant/National Marine Fisheries Service Fellow, and the author wishes to thank those funding sources. This work was also conducted as a chapter in a Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Maryland. The findings and conclusions in this study are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 64 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.11.009 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA DC4QI UT WOS:000369205000008 ER PT J AU Hastings, R Richardson, Y AF Hastings, Ryan Richardson, Yvette TI Long-Term Morphological Changes in Simulated Supercells Following Mergers with Nascent Supercells in Directionally Varying Shear SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Convective storms; Models and modeling; Numerical analysis; modeling ID HIGH-PRECIPITATION SUPERCELL; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; SQUALL LINES; PART I; THUNDERSTORM; EVOLUTION; STORMS; TORNADOGENESIS; PROPAGATION; VORTICITY AB Mergers involving supercells remain a challenge for severe thunderstorm forecasting. In this study, mergers between supercells and ordinary cells (e.g., cells forming in a similar environment but too young to be fully developed supercells) are investigated. A series of numerical experiments are performed using an idealized, homogenous environment supportive of cyclonically rotating, right-moving supercells. Warm bubbles are introduced at different times, resulting in two storms of different maturity; their placement is used to control the location of the merger and the relative maturity of the second storm. Simplified conceptual models for the long-term outcomes of mergers are developed. In the simplest mode of merger, outflow from the new cell cuts off inflow to the original. If the new cell's cold pool is not sufficiently strong to cut off the inflow to the original cell, the minimum separation of the updraft maxima during the merger becomes a key controlling factor in the outcome. If it is less than 10 km, an updraft collision occurs, resulting in a classic supercell. If it is greater than 20 km and the new cell merges into the original cell's forward flank, a dual-cell system results. If it is between 10 and 20 km, the enhanced precipitation produced during the merger leads to a cold pool surge and an updraft bridge, joining the original updrafts and developing into either a small bow echo (with forward-flank mergers) or a supercell on the classic high-precipitation spectrum (with rear-flank mergers), depending on the distribution of precipitation in the merging system. C1 [Hastings, Ryan; Richardson, Yvette] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hastings, R (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM ryan.hastings@noaa.gov RI Richardson, Yvette/G-5016-2013 OI Richardson, Yvette/0000-0002-4495-5074 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-AGS-0801035, NSF-AGS-1157646] FX The authors wish to thank Drs. Paul Markowski, David Dowell, Jim Kasting, Josh Wurman, and Hans Verlinde for constructive comments on portions of this work that were completed as part of the first author's doctoral dissertation. We also thank Dr. George Bryan of NCAR for developing, maintaining, and freely distributing CM1, used in this study, and Richard James for his contributions to the code to decompose pressure perturbations. This work also benefited from discussions with members of the Severe Storms Group at PSU, particularly Drs. Jim Marquis and Chris Nowotarski. In addition, Drs. Dan Dawson, Hugh Morrison, Pat Skinner, and Robin Tanamachi provided helpful conversation in preparation of this work. We would also like to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and thorough comments. Drs. Chuck Pavlovski and Chad Bahrmann performed invaluable support work for the computing resources used herein. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grants NSF-AGS-0801035 and NSF-AGS-1157646. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 144 IS 2 BP 471 EP 499 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0193.1 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD1ZQ UT WOS:000369722500002 ER PT J AU Liu, P Zhang, Q Zhang, CD Zhu, YJ Khairoutdinov, M Kim, HM Schumacher, C Zhang, MH AF Liu, Ping Zhang, Qin Zhang, Chidong Zhu, Yuejian Khairoutdinov, Marat Kim, Hye-Mi Schumacher, Courtney Zhang, Minghua TI A Revised Real-Time Multivariate MJO Index SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Madden-Julian oscillation ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION DIAGNOSTICS; SCALE CIRCULATION; TOGA COARE; CONVECTION; PREDICTION; CLIMATE; MODELS AB This study investigates why OLR plays a small role in the Real-time Multivariate (Madden-Julian oscillation) MJO (RMM) index and how to improve it. The RMM index consists of the first two leading principal components (PCs) of a covariance matrix, which is constructed by combined daily anomalies of OLR and zonal winds at 850 (U850) and 200 hPa (U200) in the tropics after being normalized with their globally averaged standard deviations of 15.3 W m(-2), 1.8 m s(-1), and 4.9 m s(-1), respectively. This covariance matrix is reasoned mathematically close to a correlation matrix. Both matrices substantially suppress the overall contribution of OLR and make the index more dynamical and nearly transparent to the convective initiation of the MJO. A covariance matrix that does not use normalized anomalies leads to the other extreme where OLR plays a dominant role while U850 and U200 are minor. Numerous tests indicate that a simple scaling of the anomalies (i.e., 2 W m(-2), 1 m s(-1), and 1 m s(-1)) can better balance the roles of OLR and winds. The revised PCs substantially enhance OLR over the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans and change it less notably in other locations, while they reduce U850 and U200 only slightly. Comparisons with the original RMM in spatial structure, power spectra, and standard deviation demonstrate improvements of the revised RMM index. C1 [Liu, Ping; Khairoutdinov, Marat; Kim, Hye-Mi; Zhang, Minghua] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Zhang, Qin] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Zhang, Chidong] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhu, Yuejian] NOAA NWS NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Schumacher, Courtney] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. RP Liu, P (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, SoMAS, Endeavor Hall 199, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM ping.liu@stonybrook.edu RI Schumacher, Courtney/B-8968-2011 OI Schumacher, Courtney/0000-0003-3612-485X FU National Weather Service [NA15NWS4680015]; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [APCC 2013-3141]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; NSFC [91437219] FX This study is partially supported by the National Weather Service under Grant NA15NWS4680015. Hye-Mi Kim was supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant APCC 2013-3141. Minghua Zhang and Courtney Schumacher were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy and by the National Science Foundation. Ping Liu was partially supported by the NSFC under Grant 91437219. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 144 IS 2 BP 627 EP 642 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0237.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD2AJ UT WOS:000369724400002 ER PT J AU van Lier-Walqui, M Fridlind, AM Ackerman, AS Collis, S Helmus, J MacGorman, DR North, K Kollias, P Posselt, DJ AF van Lier-Walqui, Marcus Fridlind, Ann M. Ackerman, Andrew S. Collis, Scott Helmus, Jonathan MacGorman, Donald R. North, Kirk Kollias, Pavlos Posselt, Derek J. TI On Polarimetric Radar Signatures of Deep Convection for Model Evaluation: Columns of Specific Differential Phase Observed during MC3E SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Convective storms; Updrafts; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Lightning; Rainfall; Observational techniques and algorithms; Radars; Radar observations; Mathematical and statistical techniques; Pattern detection ID SUPERCELL STORM; MICROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; PRECIPITATION PROCESSES; LIGHTNING OBSERVATIONS; MULTIPARAMETER RADAR; PROPAGATION PHASE; SQUALL LINE; IN-SITU; RAINFALL; SYSTEMS AB The representation of deep convection in general circulation models is in part informed by cloud-resolving models (CRMs) that function at higher spatial and temporal resolution; however, recent studies have shown that CRMs often fail at capturing the details of deep convection updrafts. With the goal of providing constraint on CRM simulation of deep convection updrafts, ground-based remote sensing observations are analyzed and statistically correlated for four deep convection events observed during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E). Since positive values of specific differential phase observed above the melting level are associated with deep convection updraft cells, so-called columns are analyzed using two scanning polarimetric radars in Oklahoma: the National Weather Service Vance WSR-88D (KVNX) and the Department of Energy C-band Scanning Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Precipitation Radar (C-SAPR). KVNX and C-SAPR volumes and columns are then statistically correlated with vertical winds retrieved via multi-Doppler wind analysis, lightning flash activity derived from the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array, and KVNX differential reflectivity . Results indicate strong correlations of volume above the melting level with updraft mass flux, lightning flash activity, and intense rainfall. Analysis of columns reveals signatures of changing updraft properties from one storm event to another as well as during event evolution. Comparison of to shows commonalities in information content of each, as well as potential problems with associated with observational artifacts. C1 [van Lier-Walqui, Marcus] Columbia Univ, CCSR, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA. [van Lier-Walqui, Marcus; Fridlind, Ann M.; Ackerman, Andrew S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Collis, Scott; Helmus, Jonathan] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [MacGorman, Donald R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [MacGorman, Donald R.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [North, Kirk; Kollias, Pavlos] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Posselt, Derek J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP van Lier-Walqui, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, CCSR, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM marcus.vanlier-walqui@nasa.gov RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196; North, Kirk/0000-0002-1938-4046 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006988]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the ARM Program FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Award DE-SC0006988. MC3E data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work has been supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the ARM Program. The authors thank Scott Giangrande, Alexander Ryzhkov, and Matthew Kumjian for helpful discussions during preparation of this manuscript. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 144 IS 2 BP 737 EP 758 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0100.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD2AX UT WOS:000369725900002 ER PT J AU Wren, JLK Kobayashi, DR AF Wren, Johanna L. K. Kobayashi, Donald R. TI Exploration of the "larval pool'': development and ground-truthing of a larval transport model off leeward Hawai'i SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Connectivity; Larval dispersal; Larval pool; Recruitment; Settlement; Acanthurid; Hawaii ID TANG ZEBRASOMA-FLAVESCENS; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; REEF FISHES; MARINE RESERVES; YELLOW TANG; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; CYCLONIC EDDIES; SITE FIDELITY; DISPERSAL; MANAGEMENT AB Most adult reef fish show site fidelity thus dispersal is limited to the mobile larval stage of the fish, and effective management of such species requires an understanding of the patterns of larval dispersal. In this study, we assess larval reef fish distributions in the waters west of the Big Island of Hawai`i using both in situ and model data. Catches from Cobb midwater trawls off west Hawai`i show that reef fish larvae are most numerous in offshore waters deeper than 3,000 m and consist largely of pre-settlement Pomacanthids, Acanthurids and Chaetodontids. Utilizing a Lagrangian larval dispersal model, we were able to replicate the observed shore fish distributions from the trawl data and we identified the 100 m depth strata as the most likely depth of occupancy. Additionally, our model showed that for larval shore fish with a pelagic larval duration longer than 40 days there was no significant change in settlement success in our model. By creating a general additive model (GAM) incorporating lunar phase and angle we were able to explain 67.5% of the variance between modeled and in situ Acanthurid abundances. We took steps towards creating a predictive larval distribution model that will greatly aid in understanding the spatiotemporal nature of the larval pool in west Hawai`i, and the dispersal of larvae throughout the Hawaiian archipelago. C1 [Wren, Johanna L. K.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kobayashi, Donald R.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Wren, JLK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jwren@hawaii.edu FU Kona Integrated Ecosystem Assessment Program of NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; HIMB-NWHI [MOA-2009-039/7932]; NSF [OCE 12-60169]; SeaGrant [NA14OAR4170071] FX Funds for JLKW were provided by the Kona Integrated Ecosystem Assessment Program of NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, with additional support provided by the HIMB-NWHI partnership (MOA-2009-039/7932), NSF (OCE 12-60169) and SeaGrant (NA14OAR4170071). This is SOEST contribution number 9562. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 15 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 4 AR e1636 DI 10.7717/peerj.1636 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC7NY UT WOS:000369408400005 PM 26855873 ER PT J AU Pixley, JH Natu, SS Spielman, IB Das Sarma, S AF Pixley, J. H. Natu, Stefan S. Spielman, I. B. Das Sarma, S. TI Interaction-driven exotic quantum phases in spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 bosons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; GASES; MOLECULES; ATOMS AB We study the interplay between large-spin, spin-orbit coupling, and superfluidity for bosons in a two-dimensional optical lattice, focusing on the spin-1 spin-orbit-coupled system recently realized at the Joint Quantum Institute [Campbell et al., arXiv:1501.05984]. We find a rich quantum phase diagram where, in addition to the conventional phases-superfluid and insulator-contained in the spin-1 Bose-Hubbard model, there are new lattice symmetry breaking phases. For weak interactions, the interplay between two length scales, the lattice momentum and the spin-orbit wave vector, induce a phase transition from a uniform superfluid to a phase where bosons simultaneously condense at the center and edge of the Brillouin zone at a nonzero spin-orbit strength. This state is characterized by spin-density-wave order, which arises from the spin-1 nature of the system. Interactions suppress spin-density-wave order, and favor a superfluid only at the Brillouin zone edge. This state has spatially oscillating mean-field order parameters, but a homogeneous density. We show that the spin-density-wave superfluid phase survives in a two-dimensional harmonic trap, and thus establish that our results are directly applicable to experiments on Rb-87, Li-7, and K-41. C1 [Pixley, J. H.; Natu, Stefan S.; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pixley, J. H.; Natu, Stefan S.; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Spielman, I. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pixley, JH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Pixley, JH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jpixley@umd.edu RI Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009 OI Das Sarma, Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X FU LPS-CMTC; LPS-MPO-CMTC; AROs Atomtronics MURI; AFOSRs Quantum Matter MURI; NIST; NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the JQI; Physics Frontier Center seed grant "Emergent phenomena in interacting spinorbit coupled gases" FX We thank W. Cole, E. Mueller, S. Chakram, M. Vengalattore, and D. Trypogeorgos for useful discussions. We are grateful for the support provided by LPS-CMTC, LPS-MPO-CMTC, AROs Atomtronics MURI, the AFOSRs Quantum Matter MURI, NIST, the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the JQI, and the Physics Frontier Center seed grant "Emergent phenomena in interacting spinorbit coupled gases" (J.H.P. and S.N.) for support. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 8 AR 081101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.081101 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DC7LU UT WOS:000369402400001 ER PT J AU Shen, Y Wang, QS Hao, YQ Pan, BY Feng, Y Huang, QZ Harriger, LW Leao, JB Zhao, Y Chisnell, RM Lynn, JW Cao, HB Hu, JP Zhao, J AF Shen, Yao Wang, Qisi Hao, Yiqing Pan, Bingying Feng, Yu Huang, Qingzhen Harriger, L. W. Leao, J. B. Zhao, Yang Chisnell, R. M. Lynn, J. W. Cao, Huibo Hu, Jiangping Zhao, Jun TI Structural and magnetic phase diagram of CrAs and its relationship with pressure-induced superconductivity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; FERROMAGNETISM; CHROMIUM; TRIPLET; PHYSICS; URHGE AB We use neutron diffraction to study the structure and magnetic phase diagram of the newly discovered pressure-induced superconductor CrAs. Unlike most magnetic unconventional superconductors where the magnetic moment direction barely changes upon doping, here we show that CrAs exhibits a spin reorientation from the ab plane to the ac plane, along with an abrupt drop of the magnetic propagation vector at a critical pressure (P-c approximate to 0.6 GPa). This magnetic phase transition, accompanied by a lattice anomaly, coincides with the emergence of bulk superconductivity. With further increasing pressure, the magnetic order completely disappears near the optimal T-c regime (P approximate to 0.94 GPa). Moreover, the Cr magnetic moments tend to be aligned antiparallel between nearest neighbors with increasing pressure toward the optimal superconductivity regime. Our findings suggest that the noncollinear helimagnetic order is strongly coupled to structural and electronic degrees of freedom, and that the antiferromagnetic correlations between nearest neighbors might be essential for superconductivity. C1 [Shen, Yao; Wang, Qisi; Hao, Yiqing; Pan, Bingying; Feng, Yu; Zhao, Jun] Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Shen, Yao; Wang, Qisi; Hao, Yiqing; Pan, Bingying; Feng, Yu; Zhao, Jun] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen; Harriger, L. W.; Leao, J. B.; Zhao, Yang; Chisnell, R. M.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cao, Huibo] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hu, Jiangping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Hu, Jiangping] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zhao, Jun] Fudan Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, J (reprint author), Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.; Zhao, J (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM zhaoj@fudan.edu.cn RI Hu, Jiangping/A-9154-2010; Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010 OI Hu, Jiangping/0000-0003-4480-1734; Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [91421106, 11374059]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China (973 project) [2015CB921302]; Shanghai Pujiang Scholar Program [13PJ1401100]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91421106 and No. 11374059), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (973 project: 2015CB921302), and the Shanghai Pujiang Scholar Program (No. 13PJ1401100). H.C. received support from the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 18 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 6 AR 060503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.060503 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DC7JD UT WOS:000369395100003 ER PT J AU O'Connor, BS Muller-Karger, FE Nero, RW Hu, CM Peebles, EB AF O'Connor, Brendan S. Muller-Karger, Frank E. Nero, Redwood W. Hu, Chuanmin Peebles, Ernst B. TI The role of Mississippi River discharge in offshore phytoplankton blooming in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico during August 2010 SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2014 ForestSAT Conference CY NOV 04-07, 2014 CL Riva del Garda, ITALY DE MODIS; Mississippi River; Deepwater Horizon; Phytoplankton bloom; Fluorescence line height; Nutrients; northeastern Gulf of Mexico; Oil spill ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; OIL-MINERAL-AGGREGATE; WEST FLORIDA SHELF; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NUTRIENT INPUTS; COASTAL WATERS; CRUDE-OIL; IMPACTS; PLUME AB A phytoplankton bloom covering an area >11,000 km(2) has been reported in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico east of the Mississippi River Delta in August 2010 (30 degrees-28 degrees N, 90 degrees-86 degrees W) based on NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) chlorophyll fluorescence line height (FLH) images. The bloom appeared to be anomalous relative to a historical monthly chlorophyll FLH mean (August 2002 to 2010), and was attributed by others to the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill accident. Here we tested an alternative hypothesis that the eastward dispersal of the Mississippi River plume entrained in wind-driven currents contributed to the development of this phytoplankton bloom. We examined Mississippi River discharge and nutrient records, ship-based surface salinity data, and the rime-series of MODIS ocean color and FLH images. Wind measurements from buoys showed winds >6 m s(-1) first in a southerly (northward) direction August 8-10, and then in a northerly (southward) direction until August 26. Results from the American Seas-Navy Coastal Ocean Model (AmSeas-NCOM) show how coastal water was advected in wind-driven currents into the area of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico where the bloom was documented. Between July 9 and September 8, 2010, the discharge of the Mississippi River exceeded the 20-year mean. During this time, the northeastern Gulf received an estimated excess volume of approximately 8.3 x 10(9) m(3) relative to the 20-year mean. Together with findings from a particle trajectory model, we conclude that nutrients and other materials (e.g., sediments) from the excessive discharge of the Mississippi River and adjacent marshes and wind-driven currents likely contributed to the anomalous bloom observed during August 2010 and to the anomalously high organic matter sedimentation rates observed in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Connor, Brendan S.; Muller-Karger, Frank E.; Hu, Chuanmin; Peebles, Ernst B.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Nero, Redwood W.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP O'Connor, BS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM brendano@mail.usf.edu FU BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through the Florida Institute of Oceanography; NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program; NASA Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting Program [NNX11AP76G]; NOAA [NNX14AP62A, NOPP RFP NOAA-NOS-IOOS-2014-2003803]; BOEM [NNX14AP62A, NOPP RFP NOAA-NOS-IOOS-2014-2003803]; NASA [NNX14AP62A, NOPP RFP NOAA-NOS-IOOS-2014-2003803]; NOAA (AOML/CIMAS Grant 'Ocean Conditions in The Gulf of Mexico'); BP/Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through C-IMAGE, Tampa Bay Parrot Head Fellowship; Endowed Fellowship from the College of Marine Science, University of South Florida FX This research was made possible in part by a grant from BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through the Florida Institute of Oceanography and grants from the NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program, the NASA Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting Program (grant NNX11AP76G 'Management and conservation of Atlantic Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) and other highly migratory fish in the Gulf of Mexico under IPCC climate change scenarios; grant NNX14AP62A 'National Marine Sanctuaries as Sentinel Sites for a Demonstration Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON)' funded under the National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP RFP NOAA-NOS-IOOS-2014-2003803 in partnership between NOAA, BOEM, and NASA)), NOAA (AOML/CIMAS Grant 'Ocean Conditions in The Gulf of Mexico'), and the BP/Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through C-IMAGE, in part by the Tampa Bay Parrot Head Fellowship, and an Endowed Fellowship from the College of Marine Science, University of South Florida. We thank two anonymous reviewers and the editorial office for their extensive comments and constructive contributions to our manuscript. The reviews were excellent and helped further support our conclusions. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 173 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.004 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DC4OT UT WOS:000369200900011 ER PT J AU Gimbutas, Z Greengard, L AF Gimbutas, Zydrunas Greengard, Leslie TI A fast multipole method for the evaluation of elastostatic fields in a half-space with zero normal stress SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Fast multipole method; Linear elasticity; Mindlin's solution ID MANY-PARTICLE PROBLEMS; 3 DIMENSIONS; STOKES EQUATIONS; DISPLACEMENT; ALGORITHMS; ELEMENTS AB In this paper, we present a fast multipole method (FMM) for the half-space Green's function in a homogeneous elastic half-space subject to zero normal stress, for which an explicit solution was given by Mindlin (Physics 7, 195-202 1936). The image structure of this Green's function is unbounded, so that standard outgoing representations are not easily available. We introduce two such representations here, one involving an expansion in plane waves and one involving a modified multipole expansion. Both play a role in the FMM implementation. C1 [Gimbutas, Zydrunas] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop 891-01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Greengard, Leslie] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Greengard, L (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM zydrunas.gimbutas@nist.gov; greengard@cims.nyu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMS-0934733]; Department of Energy [DEFG0288ER25053] FX We thank Shidong Jiang, Michael Minion, Michael Barall, Terry Tullis, Jim Dieterich, and Keith Richards-Dinger for useful conversations. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMS-0934733 and by the Department of Energy under contract DEFG0288ER25053. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1019-7168 EI 1572-9044 J9 ADV COMPUT MATH JI Adv. Comput. Math. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 42 IS 1 BP 175 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s10444-015-9416-1 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA DC1XF UT WOS:000369010800008 ER PT J AU Dulvy, NK Davidson, LNK Kyne, PM Simpfendorfer, CA Harrison, LR Carlson, JK Fordham, SV AF Dulvy, Nicholas K. Davidson, Lindsay N. K. Kyne, Peter M. Simpfendorfer, Colin A. Harrison, Lucy R. Carlson, John K. Fordham, Sonja V. TI Ghosts of the coast: global extinction risk and conservation of sawfishes SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE estuary; functional redundancy; habitat degradation and loss; mangrove; range contraction ID ENDANGERED SMALLTOOTH SAWFISH; PRISTIS-PECTINATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; LARGETOOTH-SAWFISH; UNITED-STATES; RECOVERY; HABITAT; FISH; QUEENSLAND; FISHERIES AB 1. Sawfish are arguably the world's most imperilled marine fishes. All five species are classified as highly threatened with extinction: three are Critically Endangered (smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata, largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis, and green sawfish Pristis zijsron); two are Endangered (narrow sawfish Anoxypristis cuspidata, and dwarf sawfish Pristis clavata). 2. Sawfishes are threatened primarily due to a combination of their low intrinsic rates of population increase, high catchability in fisheries, and high value. Sawfishes are among the world's largest marine fishes, and they are caught by a wide range of fishing gears owing to their tooth-studded rostra being easily entangled. Sawfish fins are some of the most valuable for shark fin soup, and their rostra have long been traded as curios. In addition, they inhabit shallow coastal waters, estuaries, and rivers of the tropics and subtropics, down to a maximum depth rarely exceeding 100 m and are associated with threatened mangrove and seagrass habitats. 3. Historically, sawfishes were distributed in the coastal waters of 90 countries and territories. Over the past century, their geographic distribution has been greatly diminished. For example, the smalltooth sawfish is now found in <20% of its former range. Globally, sawfishes are now entirely absent from 20 countries; 43 countries have lost at least one species. 4. Sawfishes are legally protected, to some degree, in 16 of the 90 range states. These safeguards encompass, on average, 81% of their Extant distribution; however, the quality and breadth of protection varies dramatically across countries and species. Smalltooth sawfish currently has the least amount of such coverage of only half (49%) of Extant distribution. 5. he global conservation strategy specifies actions to protect sawfish and their habitats. Such actions are urgently warranted to avoid global extinction and to restore robust populations for the benefit of coastal ecosystem function and biodiversity. (c) 2014 The Authors. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Dulvy, Nicholas K.; Davidson, Lindsay N. K.; Harrison, Lucy R.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Kyne, Peter M.] Charles Darwin Univ, Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Simpfendorfer, Colin A.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Sustainable Trop Fisheries & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Simpfendorfer, Colin A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Carlson, John K.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL USA. [Fordham, Sonja V.] Ocean Fdn, Shark Advocates Int, Washington, DC USA. RP Dulvy, NK (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM dulvy@sfu.ca OI Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725 FU Fisheries Headquarters Program Office (FHQ), US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service [NA12NMF4690058]; Save Our Seas Foundation [204]; Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund [11252587]; IUCN Species Survival Commission Sub-Committee for Species Conservation Planning; Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi; Chester Zoo; North West Group of Fauna and Flora International; Flying Sharks; Global Ocean; Dallas World Aquarium; Canada Research Chairs Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada; Marine Biodiversity and Northern Australia Hubs; Australian Government's National Environmental Research Program (NERP) FX This work was made possible only through generous financial support: award NA12NMF4690058 from Fisheries Headquarters Program Office (FHQ), US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service; Save Our Seas Foundation project #204, the Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund, project #11252587. Further support was provided by IUCN Species Survival Commission Sub-Committee for Species Conservation Planning, Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi, Chester Zoo, North West Group of Fauna and Flora International, Flying Sharks, Global Ocean, and Dallas World Aquarium. We thank the Zoological Society of London for providing the workshop facility. Special thanks are due to Sarah Fowler, Mark Stanley-Price, Martin Clark, Heather Koldeway, Matthew Gollock, David Curnick, Romney McPhie, Heather Pettigrew, Megan Young, Joelle Prevost, Cheri McCarty and Jo Roche, the 153 members of the Sawfish Network, and the 29 workshop participants. We thank all the additional Red List assessors: Blanche D'Anastasi, Lynne van Herwerden, Cassie Rigby, Kelcee Smith and Tonya Wiley. NKD was funded by the Canada Research Chairs Program and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada. PMK was supported by the Marine Biodiversity and Northern Australia Hubs, collaborative partnerships supported through funding from the Australian Government's National Environmental Research Program (NERP). NR 83 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 22 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 26 IS 1 BP 134 EP 153 DI 10.1002/aqc.2525 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DC1VH UT WOS:000369005100011 ER PT J AU Milford, C Fernandez-Camacho, R de la Campa, AMS Rodriguez, S Castell, N Marrero, C Bustos, JJ de la Rosa, JD Stein, AF AF Milford, Celia Fernandez-Camacho, R. Sanchez de la Campa, A. M. Rodriguez, Sergio Castell, Nuria Marrero, Carlos Bustos, J. J. de la Rosa, J. D. Stein, Ariel F. TI Black Carbon aerosol measurements and simulation in two cities in south-west Spain SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Black carbon; Air quality; CAMx; Model evaluation ID ELEMENTAL CARBON; AIR-POLLUTION; EUROPE; URBAN; PM2.5; PARTICLES; EMISSIONS; CLIMATE; FRANCE; HEALTH AB Black carbon (BC) has been simulated for south-west Spain with the air quality model CAMx driven by the MM5 meteorological model, with a spatial resolution of 2 km x 2 km and a temporal resolution of 1 h. The simulation results were evaluated against hourly equivalent black carbon (EBC) concentrations obtained in the cities of Seville and Huelva for a winter period (January 2013) and a summer period (June 2013). A large seasonal variability was observed in PM2.5 EBC concentration in the two cities, with higher concentrations in wintertime; summertime EBC concentrations were typically less than half those of the wintertime. The model captured the large diurnal, seasonal and day to day variability in these urban areas, mean biases ranged between -0.14 and 0.07 mu g m(-3) in winter and between 0.01 and 0.29 mu g m(-3) in summer while hourly PM2.5 EBC observations ranged between 0.03 mu g m(-3) to 10.9 mu g m(-3). The diurnal variation in EBC concentrations was bimodal, with a morning and evening peak. However, the EBC evening peak was much smaller in summer than in winter. The modelling analysis demonstrates that the seasonal and day to day variability in EBC concentration in these urban areas is primarily driven by the variation in meteorological conditions. An evaluation of the role of regional versus local contributions to EBC concentrations indicates that in the medium size city of Seville, local on-road sources are dominant, whereas in the small size city of Huelva, local as well as regional sources produce a similar contribution. Considering the large diesel share of the vehicle fleet in Spain (currently similar to 56%), we conclude that continued reduction of BC from diesel on-road sources in these urban areas is indeed a priority, and we suggest that targeted mitigation strategies, for example reducing the heaviest emitters in wintertime, would yield the greatest benefits. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Milford, Celia; Fernandez-Camacho, R.; Sanchez de la Campa, A. M.; de la Rosa, J. D.] Univ Huelva, CIQSO, Associate Unit CSIC Univ Huelva Atmospher Pollut, E-21071 Huelva, Spain. [Milford, Celia; Rodriguez, Sergio; Marrero, Carlos; Bustos, J. J.] AEMET, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Joint Res Unit CSIC Studies Atmospher Pollut, Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain. [Sanchez de la Campa, A. M.] Univ Huelva, ETSI, Dept Min Mech & Energet Engn, E-21819 La Rabida, Spain. [Castell, Nuria] NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, POB 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [de la Rosa, J. D.] Univ Huelva, Dept Geol, Campus El Carmen, E-21071 Huelva, Spain. [de la Rosa, J. D.] Agrifood Campus Int Excellence CEIA3, Cordoba, Spain. [de la Rosa, J. D.] Campus Int Excellence Sea CEIMAR, Cordoba, Spain. [Stein, Ariel F.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. RP Milford, C (reprint author), AEMET, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Joint Res Unit CSIC Studies Atmospher Pollut, Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain. EM cmilford@aemet.es RI Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Fernandez Camacho, Rocio/L-4567-2014; Sanchez de la Campa, Ana Maria/L-4456-2014; de la Rosa, Jesus Damian/C-9385-2011; Rodriguez, Sergio/J-5365-2015 OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Fernandez Camacho, Rocio/0000-0002-3666-1068; Sanchez de la Campa, Ana Maria/0000-0003-1917-0280; de la Rosa, Jesus Damian/0000-0001-6644-8754; Rodriguez, Sergio/0000-0002-1727-3107 FU Department of Innovation, Science and Enterprise of the Government of Andalusia through the research projects SIMAND [P07-RNM-02729, 2011RNM-7800]; Department of Environment, Andalusian Regional Government [199/2011/C/00]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CGL2011-26259] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Department of Innovation, Science and Enterprise of the Government of Andalusia through the research projects SIMAND (P07-RNM-02729) and (2011RNM-7800) and from the Department of Environment, Andalusian Regional Government (project: 199/2011/C/00). In addition, we thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for funding through the project POLLINDUST (CGL2011-26259). We would also like to thank the Government of Andalusia for providing data from their Air Quality Network and from their Atmospheric Emissions Inventory and AEMET for providing meteorological data. We also thank Dr. Fantine Ngan for providing the GEOS-Chem data. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 126 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.026 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DC1DY UT WOS:000368958200007 ER PT J AU Ruedig, E Duncan, C Dickerson, B Williams, M Gelatt, T Bell, J Johnson, TE AF Ruedig, Elizabeth Duncan, Colleen Dickerson, Bobette Williams, Michael Gelatt, Thomas Bell, Justin Johnson, Thomas E. TI Fukushima derived radiocesium in subsistence-consumed northern fur seal and wild celery SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Cs-134; Cs-137; Bioaccumulation; Nuclear reactor; Fukushima; Seal ID ST-PAUL-ISLAND; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; BARENTS SEAS; PACIFIC; RADIONUCLIDES; CS-137; ALASKA; BIOACCUMULATION; GREENLAND; PORPOISES AB In July 2014, our investigative team traveled to St. Paul Island, Alaska to measure concentrations of radiocesium in wild-caught food products, primarily northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus). The 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident released radiocesium into the atmosphere and into the western Pacific Ocean; other investigators have detected Fukushima-derived radionuclides in a variety of marine products harvested off the western coast of North America. We tested two subsistence-consumed food products from St. Paul Island, Alaska for Fukushima-derived radionuclides: 54 northern fur seal, and nine putchki (wild celery, Angelica lucida) plants. Individual northern fur seal samples were below minimum detectable activity concentrations of Cs-137 and Cs-134, but when composited, northern fur seal tissues tested positive for trace quantities of both isotopes. Radiocesium was detected at an activity concentration of 37.2 mBq Cs-134 kg(-1) f.w. (95% CI: 35.9-38.5) and 141.2 mBq Cs-137 kg(-1) f.w. (95% CI: 135.5-146.8). The measured isotopic ratio, decay-corrected to the date of harvest, was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.25-0.28). The Fukushima nuclear accident released Cs-134 and Cs-137 in roughly equal quantities, but by the date of harvest in July 2014, this ratio was 0.2774, indicating that this population of seals has been exposed to small quantities of Fukushima-derived radiocesium. Activity concentrations of both Cs-134 and Cs-137 in putchki were below detection limits, even for composited samples. Northern fur seal is known to migrate between coastal Alaska and Japan and the trace Cs-134 in northern fur seal tissue suggests that the population under study had been minimally exposed Fukushima-derived radionuclides. Despite this inference, the radionuclide quantities detected are small and no impact is expected as a result of the measured radiation exposure, either in northern fur seal or human populations consuming this species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ruedig, Elizabeth; Bell, Justin; Johnson, Thomas E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, 1618 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Duncan, Colleen] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Vet Diagnost Lab, 300 West Drake Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dickerson, Bobette; Gelatt, Thomas] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Williams, Michael] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Reg Off, POB 21668, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. RP Ruedig, E (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, 1618 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM elizarue@lanl.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X EI 1879-1700 J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 152 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.10.024 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC1FO UT WOS:000368962400001 PM 26630034 ER PT J AU Xue, XW Zhang, K Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Kellogg, W McPherson, RA Wan, ZM Austin, BN AF Xue, Xianwu Zhang, Ke Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Kellogg, Wayne McPherson, Renee A. Wan, Zhanming Austin, Barney N. TI New Multisite Cascading Calibration Approach for Hydrological Models: Case Study in the Red River Basin Using the VIC Model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hydrological model; Multisite calibration; Optimization; Shuffled complex evolution method-University of Arizona; SCE-UA) ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-SURFACE; PRECIPITATION PRODUCTS; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; WATER; SYSTEM; FLUXES AB A novel multisite cascading calibration (MSCC) approach using the shuffled complex evolution-University of Arizona (SCE-UA) optimization method, developed at the University of Arizona, was employed to calibrate the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model in the Red River Basin. Model simulations were conducted at 35 nested gauging stations. Compared with simulated results using a priori parameters, single-site calibration can improve VIC model performance at specific calibration sites; however, improvement is still limited in upstream locations. The newly developed MSCC approach overcomes this limitation. Simulations using MSCC not only utilize all of the available streamflow observations but also better represent spatial heterogeneities in the model parameters. Results indicate that MSCC largely improves model performance by decreasing the number of stations with negative Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSCE) values from 69% (66%) for a priori parameters to 37% (34%) for single-site calibration to 3% (3%) for MSCC, and by increasing the number of stations with NSCE values larger than 0.5 from 9% (9%), to 23% (23%) to 34% (29%) during calibration (and validation) periods across all sites. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Xue, Xianwu; Wan, Zhanming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xue, Xianwu; Wan, Zhanming] Natl Weather Ctr, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Xue, Xianwu; Wan, Zhanming] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Ke] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Yang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kellogg, Wayne] Chickasaw Nation Div Commerce, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [McPherson, Renee A.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [McPherson, Renee A.] South Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Austin, Barney N.] Aqua Strategies, Dripping Springs, TX 78620 USA. RP Xue, XW (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Xue, XW (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Xue, XW (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM xuexianwuqd@gmail.com RI Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Xue, Xianwu/C-8006-2016; McPherson, Renee/H-6256-2016; Zhang, Ke/B-3227-2012; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Xue, Xianwu/0000-0002-2106-6370; McPherson, Renee/0000-0002-1497-9681; Zhang, Ke/0000-0001-5288-9372; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU USGS South Central Climate Science Center at the University of Oklahoma [G13AC00386]; Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 [P.L. 113-2]; NOAA [NA14OAR4830100] FX This study was supported by the USGS South Central Climate Science Center at the University of Oklahoma through Grant #G13AC00386, "Impacts of Climate Change on Flows in the Red River Basin." Partial support for the second author was provided by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (P.L. 113-2), which funded NOAA research grant NA14OAR4830100. The authors also appreciate Mr. Cody Hudson of INTERA for sharing the script to download the USGS observed streamflow data and Mr. Manabendra Saharia and Mr. Humberto Vergara for peak flow qualification of USGS streamflow stations. The authors gratefully acknowledge the editor, associate editor, and anonymous reviewers for their valuable and constructive comments on this manuscript. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 15 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 21 IS 2 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001282 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DB8ZN UT WOS:000368805800009 ER PT J AU Habte, F Chowdhury, AG Yeo, D Simiu, E AF Habte, Filmon Chowdhury, Arindam Gan Yeo, DongHun Simiu, Emil TI Closure to "Wind Directionality Factors for Nonhurricane and Hurricane-Prone Regions" by Filmon Habte, Arindam Gan Chowdhury, DongHun Yeo, and Emil Simiu SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Habte, Filmon; Chowdhury, Arindam Gan] Florida Int Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Yeo, DongHun; Simiu, Emil] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yeo, D (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fhabt003@fiu.edu; chowdhur@fiu.edu; donghun.yeo@nist.gov; emil.simiu@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 142 IS 2 AR 07015010 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001180 PG 1 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA DB9JR UT WOS:000368832700050 ER PT J AU Springer, MS Starrett, J Morin, PA Lanzetti, A Hayashi, C Gatesy, J AF Springer, Mark S. Starrett, James Morin, Phillip A. Lanzetti, Agnese Hayashi, Cheryl Gatesy, John TI Inactivation of C4orf26 in toothless placental mammals SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cetacea; C4orf26; Mysticeti; Pholidota; Pseudogenes; Tooth genes ID HYPOMATURATION AMELOGENESIS-IMPERFECTA; DENTIN SIALOPHOSPHOPROTEIN GENE; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; FAM83H MUTATIONS; KIDNEY-FUNCTION; BALEEN WHALES; ENAMEL AB Previous studies have reported inactivated copies of six enamel-related genes (AMBN, AMEL, AMTN, ENAM, KLK4, MMP20) and one dentin-related gene (DSPP) in one or more toothless vertebrates and/or vertebrates with enamelless teeth, thereby providing evidence that these genes are enamel or tooth-specific with respect to their critical functions that are maintained by natural selection. Here, we employ available genome sequences for edentulous and enamelless mammals to evaluate the enamel specificity of four genes (WDR72, SLC24A4, FAM83H, C4orf26) that have been implicated in amelogenesis imperfecta, a condition in which proper enamel formation is abrogated during tooth development. Coding sequences for WDR72, SCL24A4, and FAM83H are intact in four edentulous taxa (Chinese pangolin, three baleen whales) and three taxa (aardvark, nine-banded armadillo, Hoffmann's two-toed sloth) with enamelless teeth, suggesting that these genes have critical functions beyond their involvement in tooth development. By contrast, genomic data for C4orf26 reveal inactivating mutations in pangolin and bowhead whale as well as evidence for deletion of this gene in two minke whale species. Hybridization capture of exonic regions and PCR screens provide evidence for inactivation of C4orf26 in eight additional baleen whale species. However, C4orf26 is intact in all three species with enamelless teeth that were surveyed, as well as in 95 additional mammalian species with enamel-capped teeth. Estimates of selection intensity suggest that dN/dS ratios on branches leading to taxa with enamelless teeth are similar to the dN/dS ratio on branches leading to taxa with enamel-capped teeth. Based on these results, we conclude that C4orf26 is tooth-specific, but not enamel-specific, with respect to its essential functions that are maintained by natural selection. A caveat is that an alternative splice site variant, which translates exon 3 in a different reading frame, is putatively functional in Catarrhini and may have evolved an additional role in this primate Glade. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Springer, Mark S.; Starrett, James; Lanzetti, Agnese; Hayashi, Cheryl; Gatesy, John] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Starrett, James; Lanzetti, Agnese] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Morin, Phillip A.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Morin, Phillip A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Springer, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM mark.springer@ucr.edu FU NSF [DEB-1457735] FX This work was supported by NSF grant DEB-1457735 to J.G., M.S.S., and P.A.M. We thank R. Boessenecker and R. Meredith for helpful comments. For providing DNA samples, we thank Southwest Fisheries Science Center-Genetics Archive (LaJolla, CA), the New York Zoological Society (Bronx, NY), South Australian Museum (Adelaide, Australia), the Marine Mammal Center (Sausalito, CA), North Slope Borough (Barrow, AK), Northeast Fisheries Science Center (Woods Hole, MA), G. Amato, P. Clapham, and H. Rosenbaum. We thank A. Aguilar for photos; other artwork was provided by C. Buell and R. Boessenecker. NR 89 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 95 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.11.002 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DC1JU UT WOS:000368973400004 PM 26596502 ER PT J AU Reader, J Lindsay, MD AF Reader, Joseph Lindsay, Mark D. TI Spectrum and energy levels of five-times ionized zirconium (Zr VI) SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article DE zirconium; spectrum; energy levels; wavelengths; ionization energy; transition probabilities; ultraviolet ID TRANSITIONS; WAVELENGTHS AB We carried out a new analysis of the spectrum of five-times-ionized zirconium Zr VI. For this we used sliding-spark discharges together with normal-and grazing-incidence spectrographs to observe the spectrum from 160 to 2000 angstrom. These observations showed that the analysis of this spectrum by Khan et al (1985 Phys. Scr. 31 837) contained a significant number of incorrect energy levels. We have now classified similar to 420 lines as transitions between 23 even-parity levels 73 odd-parity levels. The 4s(2)4p(5), 4s4p(6), 4s(2)4p(4)4d, 5s, 5d, 6s configurations are now complete, although a few levels of 4s(2)4p(4)5d are tentative. We determined Ritz-type wavelengths for similar to 135 lines from the optimized energy levels. The uncertainties range from 0.0003 to 0.0020 angstrom. Hartree-Fock calculations and least-squares fits of the energy parameters to the observed levels were used to interpret the observed configurations. Oscillator strengths for all classified lines were calculated with the fitted parameters. The results are compared with values for the level energies, percentage compositions, and transition probabilities from recent ab initio theoretical calculations. The ionization energy was revised to 777 380 +/- 300 cm(-1) (96.38 +/- 0.04 eV). C1 [Reader, Joseph; Lindsay, Mark D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reader, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.reader@nist.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 91 IS 2 AR 025401 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/91/2/025401 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DC1PQ UT WOS:000368988800019 ER PT J AU Belonovich, OA Fomin, SV Burkanov, VN Andrews, RD Davis, RW AF Belonovich, Olga A. Fomin, Sergey V. Burkanov, Vladimir N. Andrews, Russel D. Davis, Randall W. TI Foraging behavior of lactating northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in the Commander Islands, Russia SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Northern fur seals; Foraging trips; Habitat; Commander Islands ID LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; MOVEMENTS; HABITAT AB We characterized the foraging behavior and habitat associations of lactating female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) from two of four rookeries comprising the stable population on the Commander Islands (CI). The CI females included in the study were from Severo-Zapadnoe rookery (SZR in 2008 and 2009) and Servernoe rookery (SR in 2009) which are 16 km apart on the northern tip of Bering Island (BI). We used satellite-linked tags and time-depth recorders to track the animals at sea and record dive behavior. For SZR females, the average foraging trip duration, mean dive depth, and maximum travel distance for both years were 3.4 +/- A 1.42 days, 16 +/- A 9.8 m, and 85 +/- A 59.6 km, respectively. The same measures for SR females were 4.4 +/- A 1.90 days, 20 +/- A 9.7 m, and 159 +/- A 70.8 km, respectively. The mean duration of foraging trips, mean number of bouts per trip and trip duration, mean direction of foraging trips, and size of foraging areas were significantly different between females from SR and SZR. Foraging trips of females from neither rookery were associated with high chl-a concentration. Overall, females on the CI appeared to expend less time and energy during foraging trips than females on the Pribilof Islands, and this may explain why the latter population is declining while the CI population is stable. C1 [Belonovich, Olga A.] Kamchatka Res Inst Fisheries & Oceanog, Naberezhnaya 18, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. [Belonovich, Olga A.; Davis, Randall W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, OCSB, 200 Seawolf Pkwy, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Fomin, Sergey V.; Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Pacific Geog Inst, Kamchatka Branch, Partizanskaya St 6, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, AFSC, NMFS, Seattle, WA USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, 301 Railway Ave, Seward, AK USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Belonovich, OA (reprint author), Kamchatka Res Inst Fisheries & Oceanog, Naberezhnaya 18, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. EM aizberg@gmail.com FU NOAA; Alaska SeaLife Center; North Pacific Wildlife Consulting; Texas AM University; Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute; Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography FX We thank S. Dackov, I. Blokhin, O. Stepanova, A. Stepanov., T. Shulezhko, A. Generalov, E. Chekalsky, O. Titova, S. Nikulin, I. Usatov, V. Vertyankin, E. Mamaev, S. Ryazanov, V. Burkanova, and D. Calkins for assistance with the field work. Thanks to M. Grishenko and A. Altukhov for assistance with data analysis. This study was supported by NOAA via Grants to the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service), Alaska SeaLife Center, and North Pacific Wildlife Consulting. Additional support was provided by Texas A&M University, Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute, and the Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography. The study was conducted under Permits N 1194 in 2007, N79/2008-H in 2008, and N07-07/3756 in 2009 issued by the Russian Federal Agency of Fisheries to the Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 39 IS 2 BP 357 EP 363 DI 10.1007/s00300-015-1786-9 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC2SY UT WOS:000369067900012 ER PT J AU Leight, AK Hood, R Wood, R Brohawn, K AF Leight, A. K. Hood, R. Wood, R. Brohawn, K. TI Climate relationships to fecal bacterial densities in Maryland shellfish harvest waters SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate; Fecal coliforms; Sea level pressure ID CHESAPEAKE-BAY; LAND-USE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; PATHOGENS; QUALITY; POLLUTION; SURVIVAL; MICROORGANISMS; TEMPERATURE AB Coastal states of the United States (US) routinely monitor shellfish harvest waters for types of bacteria that indicate the potential presence of fecal pollution. The densities of these indicator bacteria in natural waters may be related to climate in several ways, including through runoff from precipitation and survival related to water temperatures. The relationship between interannual precipitation and air temperature patterns and the densities of fecal indicator bacteria in shellfish harvest waters in Maryland's portion of the Chesapeake Bay was quantified using 34 years of data (1979-2013). Annual and seasonal precipitation totals had a strong positive relationship with average fecal coliform levels (R-2 = 0.69) and the proportion of samples with bacterial densities above the FDA regulatory criteria (R-2 = 0.77). Fecal coliform levels were also significantly and negatively related to average annual air temperature (R-2 = 0.43) and the average air temperature of the warmest month (R-2 = 0.57), while average seasonal air temperature was only significantly related to fecal coliform levels in the summer. River and regional fecal coliform levels displayed a wide range of relationships with precipitation and air temperature patterns, with stronger relationships in rural areas and mainstem Bay stations. Fecal coliform levels tended to be higher in years when the bulk of precipitation occurred throughout the summer and/or fall (August to September). Fecal coliform levels often peaked in late fall and winter, with precipitation peaking in summer and early fall. Continental-scale sea level pressure (SLP) analysis revealed an association between atmospheric patterns that influence both extratropical and tropical storm tracks and very high fecal coliform years, while regional precipitation was found to be significantly correlated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Pacific North American Pattern. These findings indicate that management of shellfish harvest waters should account for changes in climate conditions and that SLP patterns may be particularly important for predicting years with extremely high levels of fecal coliforms. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Leight, A. K.; Wood, R.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Cooperat Oxford Lab, 904 South Morris St, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Leight, A. K.; Hood, R.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, 2020 Horn Point Rd, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Brohawn, K.] Maryland Dept Environm, 1800 Washington Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21230 USA. RP Leight, AK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Cooperat Oxford Lab, 904 South Morris St, Oxford, MD 21654 USA.; Leight, AK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, 2020 Horn Point Rd, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM ak.leight@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 89 BP 270 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.055 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DC1BE UT WOS:000368951000027 PM 26689664 ER PT J AU Rhoderick, GC Kelley, ME Miller, WR Brailsford, G Possolo, A AF Rhoderick, George C. Kelley, Michael E. Miller, Walter R. Brailsford, Gordon Possolo, Antonio TI Development of a southern oceanic air standard reference material SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHG); Gravimetric preparation; Primary standard mixture (PSM); Standard Reference Material (SRM); Southern oceanic air ID CAVITY RING; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DRY AIR; CO2; SPECTROSCOPY; CH4; METHANE; SUITE AB In 2009, the United States Congress charged the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with supporting climate change research. As part of this effort, the Gas Sensing Metrology Group at NIST began developing new gas standard mixtures for greenhouse gas mixtures relevant to atmospheric measurements. Suites of gravimetrically prepared primary standard mixtures (PSMs) were prepared at ambient concentration levels for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in a dry-air balance. In parallel, 30 gas cylinders were filled, by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) in Wellington, New Zealand, to high pressure from pristine southern oceanic air at Baring Head, New Zealand, and shipped to NIST. Using spectroscopic instrumentation, NIST analyzed the 30 cylinder samples for mole fractions of CO2, CH4, and N2O. Certified values were assigned to these mixtures by calibrating the instrumentation with the PSM suites that were recently developed at NIST. These mixtures became NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1721 Southern Oceanic Air and are certified for ambient mole fraction, the first of their kind for NIST. The relative expanded uncertainties corresponding to coverage intervals with 95 % probability are no larger than 0.06 % of the certified values, representing the smallest uncertainties to date ever assigned to an NIST gas SRM. C1 [Rhoderick, George C.; Kelley, Michael E.; Miller, Walter R.] NIST, Gas Sensing Metrol Grp, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brailsford, Gordon] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Tropospher Chem, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. [Possolo, Antonio] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rhoderick, GC (reprint author), NIST, Gas Sensing Metrol Grp, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.rhoderick@nist.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 408 IS 4 BP 1159 EP 1169 DI 10.1007/s00216-015-9218-9 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DB7TZ UT WOS:000368720600013 PM 26650733 ER PT J AU Kumar, N Ramirez-Ortiz, D Solo-Gabriele, HM Treaster, JB Carrasquillo, O Toborek, M Deo, S Klaus, J Bachas, LG Whitall, D Daunert, S Szapocznik, J AF Kumar, Naresh Ramirez-Ortiz, Daisy Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. Treaster, Joseph B. Carrasquillo, Olveen Toborek, Michal Deo, Sapna Klaus, Jim Bachas, Leonidas G. Whitall, David Daunert, Sylvia Szapocznik, Jose TI Environmental PCBs in Guanica Bay, Puerto Rico: implications for community health SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PCB; Fish; Sediment; Guanica; Community-based participatory approach; Health risks; PCB exposure ID HARTWELL SUPERFUND SITE; LONG-TERM RECOVERY; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; RIVER; DECHLORINATION; ACCUMULATION; POPULATION; CONGENERS AB Guanica Bay, located in southwestern Puerto Rico, has suffered oil spills and other pollution discharges since the 1960s. Previous research showed elevated concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in coral reef and sediment. This research examined PCB concentrations in sediment and fish. Sediment and fish sampling in the bay was facilitated by community members. This study identified the second highest reported PCB level (129,300 ng/g) in sediment in the USA. Fish samples also showed elevated concentrations (1623 to 3768 ng/g), which were higher than the thresholds of safe levels of PCBs in fish for human consumption. The alarmingly high concentration of PCBs calls for proactive community engagement to bring awareness about contamination of the bay and more extensive sampling to test for the concentration of PCBs in seafood and the people of Guanica. This study also underscores the value of the involvement of local communities during sampling design aimed at identifying hot spots of contaminants. C1 [Kumar, Naresh; Ramirez-Ortiz, Daisy; Carrasquillo, Olveen; Szapocznik, Jose] Univ Miami, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Carrasquillo, Olveen] Univ Miami, Gen Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Toborek, Michal; Deo, Sapna; Daunert, Sylvia] Univ Miami, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Miami, FL 33146 USA. [Klaus, Jim; Bachas, Leonidas G.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Miami, FL 33146 USA. [Whitall, David] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Treaster, Joseph B.] Univ Miami, Sch Commun, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. RP Kumar, N (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, 1120 NW 14th St Suite 1063, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM nkumar@med.miami.edu OI Bachas, Leonidas/0000-0002-3308-6264 FU Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) (NCATS) [TR000461]; Public Health Sciences Department, University of Miami FX This work was partly supported by the Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) (NCATS Grant # TR000461) and Public Health Sciences Department, University of Miami. We are greatly thankful to both reviewers' thoughtful, constructive, and meticulous comments, which helped us improve the quality of this paper. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 38 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 23 IS 3 BP 2003 EP 2013 DI 10.1007/s11356-015-4913-9 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DB2YO UT WOS:000368376800005 PM 26122576 ER PT J AU Dahal, P Shrestha, NS Shrestha, ML Krakauer, NY Panthi, J Pradhanang, SM Jha, A Lakhankar, T AF Dahal, Piyush Shrestha, Nicky Shree Shrestha, Madan Lall Krakauer, Nir Y. Panthi, Jeeban Pradhanang, Soni M. Jha, Ajay Lakhankar, Tarendra TI Drought risk assessment in central Nepal: temporal and spatial analysis SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Drought; Precipitation; Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI); Agriculture; Central Nepal ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; INDEX; SEVERITY; RAINFALL; HIMALAYA; REGIONS; EUROPE; IMPACT; SERIES AB This paper presents temporal and spatial pattern of drought phenomena in central Nepal using standardized precipitation index (SPI) at multiple time scales. The study is based on 32 years of monthly precipitation data from 40 meteorological stations from 1981 to 2012. Results indicate that, while there is no distinct trend in regional precipitation, interannual variation is large. Trend analysis of drought index shows that most stations are characterized by increases in both severity and frequency of drought and trend is stronger for longer drought time scales. Over the study period, the summer season of 2004, 2005, 2006, 2009 and winters 2006, 2008 and 2009 were the worst widespread droughts. These dry periods have a serious impact on agriculture-livestock production of central Nepal. Better understanding of these SPI dynamics could help in understanding the characteristics of droughts and also to develop effective mitigation strategies. C1 [Dahal, Piyush; Shrestha, Nicky Shree; Shrestha, Madan Lall; Panthi, Jeeban] Small Earth Nepal, 626 Bhakti Thapa Sadak,POB 20533, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Shrestha, Nicky Shree] Kathmandu Univ, Dhulikhel, Nepal. [Shrestha, Madan Lall] Nepal Acad Sci & Technol, Khumaltar, Nepal. [Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Krakauer, Nir Y.; Lakhankar, Tarendra] CUNY, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Pradhanang, Soni M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Jha, Ajay] Inst Global Agr & Technol Transfer, 2144 Baldwin St, Ft Collins, CO 80528 USA. RP Dahal, P (reprint author), Small Earth Nepal, 626 Bhakti Thapa Sadak,POB 20533, Kathmandu, Nepal. EM piyush.dahal@gmail.com; sthanicky@gmail.com; madanls@hotmail.com; nkrakauer@ccny.cuny.edu; panthijeeban@gmail.com; soni.pradhanang@gmail.com; ajayjha1965@gmail.com; tlakhankar@ccny.cuny.edu RI Lakhankar, Tarendra/F-9490-2011 OI Lakhankar, Tarendra/0000-0002-4759-2141 FU USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research for Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change at Colorado State University [9650-32]; NOAA [NA15OAR4310080] FX We are grateful to the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Government of Nepal for providing station precipitation data and for APHRODITE projects for creating and making available their precipitation products. This work is part of the project "Adaptation for climate change by livestock smallholders in Gandaki river basin", supported by the USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research for Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change at Colorado State University under subaward 9650-32. Support was also provided by NOAA under award NA15OAR4310080. All statements made are the views of the authors and not the opinions of the funders or the US government. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD FEB PY 2016 VL 80 IS 3 BP 1913 EP 1932 DI 10.1007/s11069-015-2055-5 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA DB6QP UT WOS:000368640300023 ER PT J AU Kershenbaum, A Blumstein, DT Roch, MA Akcay, C Backus, G Bee, MA Bohn, K Cao, Y Carter, G Casar, C Coen, M DeRuiter, SL Doyle, L Edelman, S Ferrer-I-Cancho, R Freeberg, TM Garland, EC Gustison, M Harley, HE Huetz, C Hughes, M Bruno, JH Ilany, A Jin, DZ Johnson, M Ju, CH Karnowski, J Lohr, B Manser, MB McCowan, B Mercado, E Narins, PM Piel, A Rice, M Salmi, R Sasahara, K Sayigh, L Shiu, Y Taylor, C Vallejo, EE Waller, S Zamora-Gutierrez, V AF Kershenbaum, Arik Blumstein, Daniel T. Roch, Marie A. Akcay, Caglar Backus, Gregory Bee, Mark A. Bohn, Kirsten Cao, Yan Carter, Gerald Caesar, Cristiane Coen, Michael DeRuiter, Stacy L. Doyle, Laurance Edelman, Shimon Ferrer-i-Cancho, Ramon Freeberg, Todd M. Garland, Ellen C. Gustison, Morgan Harley, Heidi E. Huetz, Chloe Hughes, Melissa Bruno, Julia Hyland Ilany, Amiyaal Jin, Dezhe Z. Johnson, Michael Ju, Chenghui Karnowski, Jeremy Lohr, Bernard Manser, Marta B. McCowan, Brenda Mercado, Eduardo, III Narins, Peter M. Piel, Alex Rice, Megan Salmi, Roberta Sasahara, Kazutoshi Sayigh, Laela Shiu, Yu Taylor, Charles Vallejo, Edgar E. Waller, Sara Zamora-Gutierrez, Veronica TI Acoustic sequences in non-human animals: a tutorial review and prospectus SO BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE acoustic communication; information; information theory; machine learning; Markov model; meaning; network analysis; sequence analysis; vocalisation ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; BUDGERIGARS MELOPSITTACUS-UNDULATUS; BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEES; AUSTRALIAN SEA LIONS; HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; HUMPBACK WHALE SONG; ALARM CALL SYSTEM; HAWAIIAN SPINNER DOLPHINS; FINCH TAENIOPYGIA-GUTTATA; CHIMPANZEE PANT HOOTS AB Animal acoustic communication often takes the form of complex sequences, made up of multiple distinct acoustic units. Apart from the well-known example of birdsong, other animals such as insects, amphibians, and mammals (including bats, rodents, primates, and cetaceans) also generate complex acoustic sequences. Occasionally, such as with birdsong, the adaptive role of these sequences seems clear (e.g. mate attraction and territorial defence). More often however, researchers have only begun to characterise-let alone understand-the significance and meaning of acoustic sequences. Hypotheses abound, but there is little agreement as to how sequences should be defined and analysed. Our review aims to outline suitable methods for testing these hypotheses, and to describe the major limitations to our current and near-future knowledge on questions of acoustic sequences. This review and prospectus is the result of a collaborative effort between 43 scientists from the fields of animal behaviour, ecology and evolution, signal processing, machine learning, quantitative linguistics, and information theory, who gathered for a 2013 workshop entitled, 'Analysing vocal sequences in animals'. Our goal is to present not just a review of the state of the art, but to propose a methodological framework that summarises what we suggest are the best practices for research in this field, across taxa and across disciplines. We also provide a tutorial-style introduction to some of the most promising algorithmic approaches for analysing sequences. We divide our review into three sections: identifying the distinct units of an acoustic sequence, describing the different ways that information can be contained within a sequence, and analysing the structure of that sequence. Each of these sections is further subdivided to address the key questions and approaches in that area. We propose a uniform, systematic, and comprehensive approach to studying sequences, with the goal of clarifying research terms used in different fields, and facilitating collaboration and comparative studies. Allowing greater interdisciplinary collaboration will facilitate the investigation of many important questions in the evolution of communication and sociality. C1 [Kershenbaum, Arik; Ilany, Amiyaal] Univ Tennessee, Natl Inst Math & Biol Synth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kershenbaum, Arik; Zamora-Gutierrez, Veronica] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Blumstein, Daniel T.; Taylor, Charles] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Roch, Marie A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Akcay, Caglar; Shiu, Yu] Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Backus, Gregory] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biomath, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Bee, Mark A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bohn, Kirsten] Florida Int Univ, Sch Integrated Sci & Humanity, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Cao, Yan] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Math Sci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Carter, Gerald] Univ Maryland, Biol Sci Grad Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Caesar, Cristiane] Univ St Andrews, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, St Andrews KY16 9JP, Fife, Scotland. [Coen, Michael] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biostat & Med Informat, Madison, WI 53792 USA. [DeRuiter, Stacy L.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, Dept Biol, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Doyle, Laurance] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr Study Life Universe, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Edelman, Shimon] Cornell Univ, Dept Psychol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ferrer-i-Cancho, Ramon] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Comp Sci, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Freeberg, Todd M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Psychol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Garland, Ellen C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, AFSC, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gustison, Morgan] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Harley, Heidi E.] New Coll Florida, Div Social Sci, Sarasota, FL 34243 USA. [Huetz, Chloe] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, CNPS, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Hughes, Melissa] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Bruno, Julia Hyland] CUNY, Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Bruno, Julia Hyland] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Jin, Dezhe Z.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Johnson, Michael] Marquette Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Ju, Chenghui] CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Biol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Karnowski, Jeremy] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lohr, Bernard] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Manser, Marta B.] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [McCowan, Brenda] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mercado, Eduardo, III] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Psychol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Mercado, Eduardo, III] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Narins, Peter M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Integrat Biol & Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Piel, Alex] Univ Cambridge, Div Biol Anthropol, Cambridge CB2 3QG, England. [Rice, Megan] Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Psychol, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. [Salmi, Roberta] Univ Georgia, Dept Anthropol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sasahara, Kazutoshi] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Informat Sci, Dept Complex Syst Sci, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Sayigh, Laela] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Vallejo, Edgar E.] Monterrey Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Monterrey 64849, Mexico. [Waller, Sara] Montana State Univ, Dept Philosophy, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zamora-Gutierrez, Veronica] UCL, Ctr Biodivers & Environm Res, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Kershenbaum, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Natl Inst Math & Biol Synth, 1122 Volunteer Blvd,Suite 106, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM arik.kershenbaum@gmail.com RI Ferrer-i-Cancho, Ramon/A-5424-2011; OI Ferrer-i-Cancho, Ramon/0000-0002-7820-923X; DeRuiter, Stacy/0000-0002-0571-0306; VALLEJO, EDGAR E./0000-0003-2805-7132; Ilany, Amiyaal/0000-0001-8089-569X FU National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS); National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Department of Agriculture through NSF Awards [EF-0832858, DBI-1300426]; University of Tennessee, Knoxville; NSF [DEB-1119660, IOS-0842759]; NIH [R01DC009582]; ONR [N0001411IP20086]; NOPP (ONR/BOEM) [N00014-11-1-0697]; U.S. Office of Naval Research; grant BASMATI from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [TIN2011-27479-C04-03]; National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship; CONACYT, Mexico [I010/214/2012] FX This review was developed at an investigative workshop, 'Analyzing Animal Vocal Communication Sequences' that took place on October 21-23 2013 in Knoxville, Tennessee, sponsored by the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS). NIMBioS is an Institute sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture through NSF Awards #EF-0832858 and #DBI-1300426, with additional support from The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. In addition to the authors, Vincent Janik participated in the workshop. D.T.B.'s research is currently supported by NSF DEB-1119660. M.A.B.'s research is currently supported by NSF IOS-0842759 and NIH R01DC009582. M.A.R.'s research is supported by ONR N0001411IP20086 and NOPP (ONR/BOEM) N00014-11-1-0697. S.L.DeR.'s research is supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. R.F.-i-C.'s research was supported by the grant BASMATI (TIN2011-27479-C04-03) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. E.C.G.'s research is currently supported by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. E.E.V.'s research is supported by CONACYT, Mexico, award number I010/214/2012. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments that contributed greatly to our revisions of the manuscript. NR 403 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 36 U2 114 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-7931 EI 1469-185X J9 BIOL REV JI Biol. Rev. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 91 IS 1 BP 13 EP 52 DI 10.1111/brv.12160 PG 40 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DA7LI UT WOS:000367985200002 PM 25428267 ER PT J AU Hahn, CA O'Toole, AJ Phillips, PJ AF Hahn, Carina A. O'Toole, Alice J. Phillips, P. Jonathon TI Dissecting the time course of person recognition in natural viewing environments SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE face recognition; body recognition; gait recognition; person recognition; recognition time course; dynamic and static recognition; eyewitness identification ID FACE RECOGNITION; PRACTICAL TOOL; IDENTIFICATION; DISTANCE; FAMILIARITY; BODY; ILLUMINATION; COURTROOM; VIDEO AB Person recognition often unfolds over time and distance as a person approaches, with the quality of identity information from faces, bodies, and motion in constant flux. Participants were familiarized with identities using close-up and distant videos. Recognition was tested with videos of people approaching from a distance. We varied the timing of prompted responses in the test videos, the amount of video seen, and whether the face, body, or whole person was visible. A free response condition was also included to allow participants to respond when they felt confident'. The pattern of accuracy across conditions indicated that recognition judgments were based on the most recently available information, with no contribution from qualitatively diverse and statistically useful person cues available earlier in the video. Body recognition was stable across viewing distance, whereas face recognition improved with proximity. The body made an independent contribution to recognition only at the farthest distance tested. Free response latencies indicated meta-knowledge of the optimal proximity for recognition from faces versus bodies. Notably, response bias varied strongly as a function of participants' expectation about whether closer proximity video was forthcoming. These findings lay the groundwork for developing person recognition theories that generalize to natural viewing environments. C1 [Hahn, Carina A.; O'Toole, Alice J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hahn, CA (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, 800 W Campbell Rd,GR 4-1, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM Amanda.Hahn@utdallas.edu FU Department of Defense FX The authors would like to thank Yi-Chen Chen and Kate Flanagan for contributions to stimulus development, Allyson Rice for assisting with data collection, and the Technical Support Working Group of the Department of Defense for funding support. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0007-1269 EI 2044-8295 J9 BRIT J PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Psychol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 107 IS 1 BP 117 EP 134 DI 10.1111/bjop.12125 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA DA8XH UT WOS:000368089700010 PM 25752865 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Meador, JP Leung, KMY AF Wang, Zhen Meador, James P. Leung, Kenneth M. Y. TI Metal toxicity to freshwater organisms as a function of pH: A meta-analysis SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE pH; Metal; Species sensitivity distributions; Water quality guidelines; Ecological risk assessment ID SPECIES SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; QUALITY GUIDELINES; RAINBOW-TROUT; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; COPPER TOXICITY; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; CADMIUM; ALUMINUM; HARDNESS AB Acidification caused by climate change and seasonal fluctuation can have profound implications for chemical toxicity to freshwater organisms. The present study aims to address this challenging issue through a comprehensive meta-analysis by comparing acute median lethal or effect concentration data (LC50 or EC50) for 10 metals and metalloids for various freshwater species obtained at different pH values. Our results revealed that element toxicity generally follows three different models, including Model-I: decreasing toxicity with increasing pH, Model-II: increasing toxicity with increasing pH, and Model-III: minimal toxicity at intermediate (optimal) pH (pH(opt)) with increasing toxicity as pH increases or decreases from pHopt. We further examined these observations by constructing pH-dependent species sensitivity distributions (SSDs). The results indicated that the 10th percentile hazardous concentrations (HC10s) for copper, lead, selenium and silver generally exhibited a positive linear relationship with pH, following the Model-I. The ability to accurately predict toxicity of elements to biota in natural waters as a function of pH may be limited, however, the pH-dependent SSD approach presented in this study facilitates and helps characterize the role of pH in water quality guidelines and ecological risk assessment. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Zhen; Leung, Kenneth M. Y.] Univ Hong Kong, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Zhen; Leung, Kenneth M. Y.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Meador, James P.] NOAA, Ecotoxicol & Fish Hlth Program, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Leung, Kenneth M. Y.] City Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Marine Pollut, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Leung, KMY (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM kmyleung@hku.hk FU Research Grants Council of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region via a General Research Fund [HKU 703511P]; Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA) FX This work is substantially supported by Research Grants Council of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region via a General Research Fund (Project No.: HKU 703511P) to KMYL. WZ is partially supported by a research grant from the Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA) while preparing this manuscript. The authors also thank the Associate Editor of Chemosphere, Professor Tamara Galloway and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and useful comments on an early draft of this manuscript. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 2016 VL 144 BP 1544 EP 1552 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.032 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA4MQ UT WOS:000367774400195 PM 26498103 ER PT J AU Arciniega, M Clemento, AJ Miller, MR Peterson, M Garza, JC Pearse, DE AF Arciniega, Martha Clemento, Anthony J. Miller, Michael R. Peterson, Matt Garza, John Carlos Pearse, Devon E. TI Parallel evolution of the summer steelhead ecotype in multiple populations from Oregon and Northern California SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Life-history; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Steelhead; Adaptation; Anadromous ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; GENETIC-BASIS; LIFE-HISTORY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; LOCAL ADAPTATION; COLUMBIA-RIVER AB Parallel adaptive divergence of migratory and reproductive behavior can occur in multiple populations when similar selection is acting on these traits. Timing of migration, sexual maturity, and reproduction can have major impacts on the dynamics and viability of a population. Life-history variation in steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, including variation in anadromous run timing, reproductive maturity, and spawn timing, represents an important aspect of their biology and adaptation to local habitats. Here we present a genetic analysis of naturally spawning steelhead to evaluate the genetic relationships and ancestry of summer- and winter-run reproductive ecotypes from multiple river basins in Oregon and Northern California. We infer the phylogeographic relationships among populations of both summer- and winter-run steelhead ecotypes using 12 microsatellite loci and 90 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Phylogenetic trees and analysis of molecular genetic variance revealed that pairs of phenotypically and genetically distinct reproductive ecotypes within rivers were each other's closest relatives. Isolation by distance was also observed, confirming that genetic relatedness was strongly associated with geographic distance, and indicating limited gene flow among river basins. These patterns support the hypothesis that the summer-run steelhead ecotype has repeatedly evolved through parallel evolution in multiple river basins. Our results, together with further investigations of the underlying molecular basis for the divergence of winter- and summer-run steelhead life-history traits, inform management efforts for these ecotypes and improve our understanding of the role of adaptive genetic variation in conservation. C1 [Arciniega, Martha; Clemento, Anthony J.; Garza, John Carlos; Pearse, Devon E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Arciniega, Martha; Clemento, Anthony J.; Garza, John Carlos; Pearse, Devon E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Miller, Michael R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Peterson, Matt] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Pearse, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM devon.pearse@noaa.gov FU Research Mentoring Institute at the University of California, Santa Cruz FX We thank A. Abadia-Cardoso for sample data, technical support and feedback, C. Columbus for assistance with laboratory analyses and E. Anderson for technical advice. This study would not have been possible without the collaboration of many agencies and biologists who participated in the collection of tissue samples from the various sampling locations. MA was partially supported by the Research Mentoring Institute at the University of California, Santa Cruz. NR 101 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 165 EP 175 DI 10.1007/s10592-015-0769-2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA DA7ZA UT WOS:000368022900014 ER PT J AU Coughlin, ER Nixon, C Begelman, MC Armitage, PJ Price, DJ AF Coughlin, Eric R. Nixon, Chris Begelman, Mitchell C. Armitage, Philip J. Price, Daniel J. TI Post-periapsis pancakes: sustenance for self-gravity in tidal disruption events SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; hydrodynamics; galaxies: nuclei; X-rays: individual: Swift J1644+57 ID MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; ACCRETION DISCS; GIANT STAR; NGC 5905; OUTBURST; FLARE; SIMULATIONS; COMPRESSION; DETONATION AB A tidal disruption event, which occurs when a star is destroyed by the gravitational field of a supermassive black hole, produces a stream of debris, the evolution of which ultimately determines the observational properties of the event. Here, we show that a post-periapsis caustic - a location where the locus of gas parcels comprising the stream would collapse into a two-dimensional surface if they evolved solely in the gravitational field of the hole - occurs when the pericentre distance of the star is of the order of the tidal radius of the hole. It is demonstrated that this 'pancake' induces significant density perturbations in the debris stream, and, for stiffer equations of state (adiabatic index gamma greater than or similar to 5/3), these fluctuations are sufficient to gravitationally destabilize the stream, resulting in its fragmentation into bound clumps. The results of our findings are discussed in the context of the observational properties of tidal disruption events. C1 [Coughlin, Eric R.; Nixon, Chris; Begelman, Mitchell C.; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coughlin, Eric R.; Nixon, Chris; Begelman, Mitchell C.; Armitage, Philip J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coughlin, Eric R.; Begelman, Mitchell C.; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nixon, Chris] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Price, Daniel J.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Monash Ctr Astrophys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Coughlin, ER (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM eric.coughlin@colorado.edu OI Coughlin, Eric/0000-0003-3765-6401; Price, Daniel/0000-0002-4716-4235 FU NASA [NNX14AB37G, NNX14AB42G, PF2-130098]; NSF [AST-1411879]; NASA; Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/M005917/1]; Australian Research Council [FT 130100034]; STFC; Large Facilities Capital Fund of BIS; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794] FX This work was supported in part by NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grants NNX14AB37G and NNX14AB42G, NSF grant AST-1411879, and NASA's Fermi Guest Investigator Program. CN was supported by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant PF2-130098. CN was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant number ST/M005917/1). We used SPLASH (Price 2007) for the visualization. DJP is supported by a Future Fellowship, FT 130100034, from the Australian Research Council. This work utilized the Complexity HPC cluster at the University of Leicester which is part of the DiRAC2 national facility, jointly funded by STFC and the Large Facilities Capital Fund of BIS. This work used the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. We would also like to thank the anonymous referee for useful comments and suggestions, and in particular for emphasizing the importance of the number of hypervelocity objects that could be generated over cosmological time-scales. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 455 IS 4 BP 3612 EP 3627 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv2511 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DA7UH UT WOS:000368009300016 ER PT J AU Lecoanet, D McCourt, M Quataert, E Burns, KJ Vasil, GM Oishi, JS Brown, BP Stone, JM O'Leary, RM AF Lecoanet, D. McCourt, M. Quataert, E. Burns, K. J. Vasil, G. M. Oishi, J. S. Brown, B. P. Stone, J. M. O'Leary, R. M. TI A validated non-linear Kelvin-Helmholtz benchmark for numerical hydrodynamics SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics - instabilities - methods; numerical ID SHEAR-LAYER; INSTABILITY; MESH; SIMULATIONS; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; SCHEME; FLOWS; CODE; MHD AB The non-linear evolution of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is a popular test for code verification. To date, most Kelvin-Helmholtz problems discussed in the literature are ill-posed: they do not converge to any single solution with increasing resolution. This precludes comparisons among different codes and severely limits the utility of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability as a test problem. The lack of a reference solution has led various authors to assert the accuracy of their simulations based on ad hoc proxies, e.g. the existence of small-scale structures. This paper proposes well-posed two-dimensional Kelvin-Helmholtz problems with smooth initial conditions and explicit diffusion. We show that in many cases numerical errors/noise can seed spurious small-scale structure in Kelvin-Helmholtz problems. We demonstrate convergence to a reference solution using both ATHENA, a Godunov code, and DEDALUS, a pseudo-spectral code. Problems with constant initial density throughout the domain are relatively straightforward for both codes. However, problems with an initial density jump (which are the norm in astrophysical systems) exhibit rich behaviour and are more computationally challenging. In the latter case, ATHENA simulations are prone to an instability of the inner rolled-up vortex; this instability is seeded by grid-scale errors introduced by the algorithm, and disappears as resolution increases. Both ATHENA and DEDALUS exhibit late-time chaos. Inviscid simulations are riddled with extremely vigorous secondary instabilities which induce more mixing than simulations with explicit diffusion. Our results highlight the importance of running well-posed test problems with demonstrated convergence to a reference solution. To facilitate future comparisons, we include as supplementary material the resolved, converged solutions to the Kelvin-Helmholtz problems in this paper in machine-readable form. C1 [Lecoanet, D.; Quataert, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lecoanet, D.; Quataert, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lecoanet, D.; Quataert, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McCourt, M.] Harvard Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Burns, K. J.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Vasil, G. M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Math & Stat, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Oishi, J. S.] Farmingdale State Coll, Dept Phys, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. [Brown, B. P.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brown, B. P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stone, J. M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [O'Leary, R. M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [O'Leary, R. M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lecoanet, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dlecoanet@berkeley.edu OI McCourt, Michael/0000-0003-4531-7733 FU National Science Foundation [AST-1312651, ACI-1053575]; Simons Investigator Award from the Simons Foundation; Australian Research Council [DE140101960]; Provost's Research Fellowship from Farmingdale State College; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center; NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA under TCAN grant [NNX14AB53G] FX The authors would like to thank Ramesh Narayan, Phil Hopkins, Paul Duffell, and Cedric Beaume for helpful discussions. DL is supported by the Hertz Foundation. MM was supported by the National Science Foundation grant AST-1312651. EQ is supported in part by a Simons Investigator Award from the Simons Foundation. GMV acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council, project number DE140101960. JSO is supported by a Provost's Research Fellowship from Farmingdale State College. The authors acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin for providing HPC resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE allocations TG-AST140039, TG-AST140047, and TG-AST140083), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1053575. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center and the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. This project was supported by NASA under TCAN grant number NNX14AB53G. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 455 IS 4 BP 4274 EP 4288 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv2564 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DA7UH UT WOS:000368009300066 ER PT J AU Arbogast, LW Brinson, RG Formolo, T Hoopes, JT Marino, JP AF Arbogast, Luke W. Brinson, Robert G. Formolo, Trina Hoopes, J. Todd Marino, John P. TI 2D H-1(N), N-15 Correlated NMR Methods at Natural Abundance for Obtaining Structural Maps and Statistical Comparability of Monoclonal Antibodies SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE higher order structure; monoclonal antibody; NMR; statistical comparability ID HIGHER-ORDER STRUCTURE; HUMAN-IMMUNOGLOBULIN G1; PROTEIN THERAPEUTICS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; SPECTROSCOPY; BIOPHARMACEUTICALS; RELAXATION; RECONSTRUCTION; SPECTRA; SYSTEM AB High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) provides a robust approach for producing unique spectral signatures of protein higher order structure at atomic resolution. Such signatures can be used as a tool to establish consistency of protein folding for the assessment of monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug quality and comparability. Using the NIST monoclonal antibody (NISTmAb) and a commercial-sourced polyclonal antibody, both IgG1 kappa isotype, we apply 2D NMR methods at natural abundance for the acquisition and unbiased statistical analysis of H-1(N) -N-15 correlated spectra of intact antibody (Ab) and protease-cleaved Fab and Fc fragments. The study demonstrates the feasibility of applying 2D NMR techniques to Abs and the precision with which these methods can be used to map structure and establish comparability between samples at atomic resolution. The statistical analyses suggests that, within the limit of detection, no significant structural differences are observed between the Fab and Fc domains of each respective intact Ab and its corresponding fragments. Discrimination between dissimilar species, such as between the Fab domains of both Abs or between the glycosylated and deglycosylated Fc domains, was further demonstrated. As such, these methods should find general utility for the assessment of mAb higher order structure. C1 [Arbogast, Luke W.; Brinson, Robert G.; Hoopes, J. Todd; Marino, John P.] NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Arbogast, Luke W.; Brinson, Robert G.; Hoopes, J. Todd; Marino, John P.] Univ Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Formolo, Trina] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marino, JP (reprint author), NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM john.marino@nist.gov FU NIST Biomanufacturing Initiative; National Research Council FX We acknowledge the support by NIST Biomanufacturing Initiative and NIST and W.M. Keck for support of Biomolecular NMR instrumentation. LWA acknowledges a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0724-8741 EI 1573-904X J9 PHARM RES-DORDR JI Pharm. Res. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 33 IS 2 BP 462 EP 475 DI 10.1007/s11095-015-1802-3 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA DA8RH UT WOS:000368073300017 PM 26453189 ER PT J AU Anderson, EC Ng, TC AF Anderson, Eric C. Ng, Thomas C. TI Bayesian pedigree inference with small numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms via a factor-graph representation SO THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Multigeneration pedigree inference; Sum-Product algorithm; Relationship inference; Full-sibling reconstruction ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PARENTAGE ASSIGNMENT; GENETIC ANALYSES; DNA MARKERS; RECONSTRUCTION; ALGORITHM; SIBSHIP; MODELS; LOOPS AB We develop a computational framework for addressing pedigree inference problems using small numbers (80-400) of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Our approach relaxes the assumptions, which are commonly made, that sampling is complete with respect to the pedigree and that there is no genotyping error. It relies on representing the inferred pedigree as a factor graph and invoking the Sum-Product algorithm to compute and store quantities that allow the joint probability of the data to be rapidly computed under a large class of rearrangements of the pedigree structure. This allows efficient MCMC sampling over the space of pedigrees, and, hence, Bayesian inference of pedigree structure. In this paper we restrict ourselves to inference of pedigrees without loops using SNPs assumed to be unlinked. We present the methodology in general for multigenerational inference, and we illustrate the method by applying it to the inference of full sibling groups in a large sample (n = 1157) of Chinook salmon typed at 95 SNPs. The results show that our method provides a better point estimate and estimate of uncertainty than the currently best-available maximum-likelihood sibling reconstruction method. Extensions of this work to more complex scenarios are briefly discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Anderson, Eric C.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ng, Thomas C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Biomol Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Anderson, EC (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM eric.anderson@noaa.gov OI Anderson, Eric/0000-0003-1326-0840 FU Pacific Salmon Commission, Chinook Technical Committee, US Section; [NSF-OCE-1260693] FX We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with Matthew Stephens, Jarrod Hadfield, Anthony Almudevar, Jinliang Wang and Nuala Sheehan. Two anonymous referees provided valuable criticism that improved the paper considerably. R code for interfacing with the g1pk package to compute the partition distances in Table 2 was provided by Anthony Almudevar. The Chinook salmon data were provided by Anthony Clemento and Carlos Garza. We thank the organizers of the workshop on "Statistical and computational methods for relatedness and relationship inference from genetic marker data" at the International Centre for Mathematical Statistics, Edinburgh, Scotland, where this work was first presented. This work was supported by Letter of Agreement funding of the Pacific Salmon Commission, Chinook Technical Committee, US Section, and by NSF-OCE-1260693. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0040-5809 EI 1096-0325 J9 THEOR POPUL BIOL JI Theor. Popul. Biol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 107 SI SI BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.tpb.2015.09.005 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DB2DG UT WOS:000368317900006 PM 26450523 ER PT J AU Murphy, DM AF Murphy, D. M. TI The effects of molecular weight and thermal decomposition on the sensitivity of a thermal desorption aerosol mass spectrometer SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ELECTRON-IMPACT; AMBIENT AEROSOL; PARTICLE-PHASE; CROSS SECTIONS; PHOTOIONIZATION; IONIZATION; SPECTRA; VAPORIZATION; CALIBRATION AB In free molecular flow the slower speed of heavier molecules means that they spend more time in the ion source of a mass spectrometer. Hence the sensitivity of the thermal desorption mass spectrometers such as the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) should include a term that scales as the square root of the molecular weight. Thermal decomposition on the vaporizer reduces the molecular weight prior to ionization and changes electron impact cross-sections. Thermal decomposition therefore has the potential to change the sensitivity, in some cases by more than a factor of three. Current AMS calibrations that rely upon an ammonium nitrate calibration and scaling for other components with a relative ionization efficiency may overestimate the concentration of large, thermally stable molecules and underestimate small or thermally unstable molecules. The overall sensitivity of the AMS to organics includes a partial cancellation of these effects. There is an incomplete understanding of the vaporization process, including that of ammonium nitrate. C1 [Murphy, D. M.] NOAA, Dept Commerce, ESRL Chem Sci Div, 325 Broadway CSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Dept Commerce, ESRL Chem Sci Div, 325 Broadway CSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Daniel.M.Murphy@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 2 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1080/02786826.2015.1136403 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB7PP UT WOS:000368708200001 ER PT J AU Eddy, C Brill, R Bernal, D AF Eddy, Corey Brill, Richard Bernal, Diego TI Rates of at-vessel mortality and post-release survival of pelagic sharks captured with tuna purse seines around drifting fish aggregating devices (FADs) in the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Carcharhinus falciformis; Sphyrna; lewini; PSAT; Purse seine; Total mortality ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CARCHARHINUS-FALCIFORMIS; SILKY SHARKS; ATLANTIC; ECOSYSTEM; BYCATCH; STRESS; CONSEQUENCES; SURVIVORSHIP; EXPLOITATION AB Pelagic fishes are well known to aggregate in large numbers under floating objects and this behavior is frequently exploited by purse seine fisheries targeting tunas. Non-target species (e.g., sharks) are often caught as well, but they are typically discarded as they do not have sufficient commercial value. To investigate the total mortality of pelagic sharks in the equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean associated with the tuna purse seine fishery deploying drifting fish aggregating devices (FADS), we measured rates of at-vessel mortality and deployed pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) to monitor post-release survival and behavior. Between 2011 and 2012, at-vessel mortality rate ranged from 15% to 70%, and total mortality rate (i.e. the combination of at-vessel and post-release mortalities) ranged from 80% to 95%. Taken together, our findings document the high mortality of sharks incidentally captured in the tuna purse seine fishery that employs drifting FADS, indicate a correlation to set size, and suggest the need to develop methods that minimize shark bycatch in this fishery. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Eddy, Corey; Bernal, Diego] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Biol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Brill, Richard] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Eddy, C (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Biol, 285 Old Westport Rd, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. EM corey.eddy@umassd.edu; rbrill@vims.edu; dbernal@umassd.edu FU National Science Foundation [DGE-1144241]; University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Office of Graduate Studies; University of Massachusetts; International Seafood Sustainability Foundation FX The authors wish to thank the International Seafood Sustainability Foundation for funding this research, Kurt Schaefer and Daniel Fuller from the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, as well as Captain Ricardo Diaz (F/V Yolanda L), Captain Alfredo Heres Iriarte (F/V Via Simoun), and the crews of each vessel. The authors appreciate the logistical support offered by T. Tazo, J. Valdez, T. Reposado, and S. Malt. This work was also supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (DGE-1144241), the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Office of Graduate Studies, and the University of Massachusetts Intercampus Marine Science Graduate Program. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 174 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.09.008 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DA3LU UT WOS:000367700000012 ER PT J AU Cahalan, J Faunce, C Bonney, J Swanson, R AF Cahalan, Jennifer Faunce, Craig Bonney, Julie Swanson, Robert TI A field test of fisheries observer sampling methods for estimation of at-sea discards SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Groundfish fisheries; At-sea discards; Discard estimation; Gulf of Alaska; Sampling; Trawl catcher vessels ID TRAWLERS; ENGLAND AB Estimation of at-sea discards is an issue that has received considerable attention worldwide. With this increasing focus, there is a need for greater precision of weight estimates for less common and fishery-limiting species. While one solution is to mandate full (100%) observer coverage to reduce uncertainty in estimation at the trip level, variance from on-deck sampling methods (e.g. within-haul) should also be properly addressed. Commercial fishing vessels are not perfect sampling platforms and all sampling methods suffer from implementation issues that potentially impact the quality of the data collected and the resulting estimates. We conducted a cooperative study with industry to evaluate two observer sampling methods on trawl vessels delivering their catch to shoreside processors. The alternative observer sampling method that targets the portion of the haul that would be discarded directly at-sea, relying on shoreside reports of retained catch to generate total catch estimates, was tested against the standard methods currently used by the NMFS North Pacific Groundfish and Halibut Observer Program that sample the entire catch, both retained and discarded portions (combined). Methods were tested simultaneously by deploying two observers to sample each haul on study trips within three Gulf of Alaska trawl fisheries that varied widely in amount and species composition of discards: Rockfish Program, arrowtooth flounder, and shallow water flatfish. Although the alternative method was successfully implemented in two of the three fisheries, logistical constraints decreased sampling effectiveness in the third. In some situations, observers were unable to collect multiple samples under both methods, preventing variance estimation. This occurred more often for the observer using standard methods. Detection of less common and rare species was higher using the alternative sampling method. Discard estimates from the two methods were found to be significantly different in two of the fisheries examined (Rockfish Program and arrowtooth flounder). Discard estimates under the alternative method tended to have smaller variances than for the standard method, although this was not universally the case. These results provide an important comparison of the relative performance of different on-deck sampling methods under varying catch conditions and fisheries. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cahalan, Jennifer] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Faunce, Craig] NOAA, Fisheries Monitoring & Anal Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bonney, Julie] Alaska Groundfish Data Bank, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Swanson, Robert] NOAA, Fisheries Monitoring & Anal Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Kodiak Fisheries Res C, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Cahalan, J (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jcahalan@psmfc.org; craig.faunce@noaa.gov; jbonney@gci.net OI Cahalan, Jennifer/0000-0002-7866-1197 FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [1017, 566]; NOAA/NMFS Alaska Observer Program; Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission FX Funding for this project was provided by the North Pacific Research Board (Project 1017, NPRB publication number 566), NOAA/NMFS Alaska Observer Program, and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 174 BP 219 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.10.004 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DA3LU UT WOS:000367700000024 ER PT J AU Bradbury, IR Hamilton, LC Chaput, G Robertson, MJ Goraguer, H Walsh, A Morris, V Reddin, D Dempson, JB Sheehan, TF King, T Bernatchez, L AF Bradbury, Ian R. Hamilton, Lorraine C. Chaput, Gerald Robertson, Martha J. Goraguer, Herle Walsh, Arthur Morris, Vicki Reddin, David Dempson, J. Brian Sheehan, Timothy F. King, Timothy Bernatchez, Louis TI Genetic mixed stock analysis of an interceptory Atlantic salmon fishery in the Northwest Atlantic SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mixed-stock analysis; Genetic assignment; Atlantic salmon; Genetic structure; Microsatellites ID SALAR L.; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE DNA; WEST GREENLAND; TAG RECOVERIES; ST-LAWRENCE; IDENTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; MIGRATION; PATTERNS AB Interceptory fisheries represent an ongoing threat to migratory fish stocks particularly when managed in the absence of stock specific catch and exploitation information. Atlantic salmon from the southern portion of the North American range may be subject to exploitation in the commercial and recreational salmon fisheries occurring in the French territorial waters surrounding St. Pierre and Miquelon off southern Newfoundland. We evaluated stock composition of Atlantic salmon harvested in the St. Pierre and Miquelon Atlantic salmon fishery using genetic mixture analysis and individual assignment with a microsatellite baseline (15 loci, 12,409 individuals, 12 regional groups) encompassing the species western Atlantic range. Individual salmon were sampled from the St. Pierre and Miquelon fishery over four years (2004, 2011, 2013, and 2014). Biological characteristics indicate significant variation among years in the size and age distribution. Nonetheless, estimates of stock composition of the samples showed consistent dominance of three regions (i.e., Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Gaspe Peninsula, and Newfoundland). Together salmon from these regions accounted for more than 70% of annual harvest over the decade examined. Comparison of individual assignments and biological characteristics revealed a trend of declining fresh water age with latitude of assigned region. Moreover, locally harvested Newfoundland salmon were ten times more likely to be small or one sea winter individuals whereas Quebec and Gaspe Peninsula salmon were two-three times more likely to be harvested as large or two sea winter salmon. Estimates of region specific catch were highest for salmon from the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence region ranging from 242 to 887 individuals annually. This work illustrates how genetic analysis of interceptory marine fisheries can directly inform assessment and management efforts in highly migratory marine species. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bradbury, Ian R.; Robertson, Martha J.; Walsh, Arthur; Morris, Vicki; Reddin, David; Dempson, J. Brian] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Hamilton, Lorraine C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Halifax, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Chaput, Gerald] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ctr Sci Advice, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada. [Goraguer, Herle] IFREMER, St Pierre, France. [Goraguer, Herle] IFREMER, Miquelon, France. [Sheehan, Timothy F.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [King, Timothy] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Bernatchez, Louis] Univ Laval, IBIS, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. RP Bradbury, IR (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, 80 East White Hills Rd, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. EM ibradbur@me.com FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); International Governance Strategy funding FX All fishery samples were collected with the assistance of IFreMR. Funding for fishery sample analysis was provided by the Genomics Research and Development Initiative and the International Governance Strategy of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. The baseline used here was partially funded by a Strategic Project Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) led by L. Bernatchez, Genomics Research and Fisheries and Oceans Canada Development Initiative, and International Governance Strategy funding to I. Bradbury. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 174 BP 234 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.10.009 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DA3LU UT WOS:000367700000025 ER PT J AU Esbaugh, AJ Mager, EM Stieglitz, JD Hoenig, R Brown, TL French, BL Linbo, TL Lay, C Forth, H Scholz, NL Incardona, JP Morris, JM Benetti, DD Grosell, M AF Esbaugh, Andrew J. Mager, Edward M. Stieglitz, John D. Hoenig, Ronald Brown, Tanya L. French, Barbara L. Linbo, Tiffany L. Lay, Claire Forth, Heather Scholz, Nathaniel L. Incardona, John P. Morris, Jeffrey M. Benetti, Daniel D. Grosell, Martin TI The effects of weathering and chemical dispersion on Deepwater Horizon crude oil toxicity to mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) early life stages SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; PAH; Dispersant; Corexit 9500; Pericardial edema; Atrial contractility ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; DANIO-RERIO EMBRYOS; FISH EMBRYOS; EXXON-VALDEZ; FLOW-RATE; RACHYCENTRON CANADUM; CARDIAC TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; SPILL AB To better understand the impact of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH,) incident on commecially and ecologically important pelagic fish species, a mahi-mahi spawning program was developed to assess the effect of embryonic exposure to DWH crude oil with particular emphasis on the effects of weathering and dispersant on the magnitude of toxicity. Acute lethality (96 h LC50) ranged from 45.8 (28.4-63.1) mu gl(-1) Sigma PAH for wellhead (source) oil to 8.8 (7.4-10.3) mu gl(-1) Sigma PAH for samples collected from the surface slick, reinforcing previous work that weathered oil is more toxic on a Sigma PAH basis. Differences in toxicity appear related to the amount of dissolved 3 ringed PAHs. The dispersant Corexit 9500 did not influence acute lethality of oil preparations. Embryonic oil exposure resulted in cardiotoxicity after 48 h, as evident from pericardial edema and reduced atrial contractility. Whereas pericardial edema appeared to correlate well with acute lethality at 96 h, atrial contractility did not. However, sub-lethal cardiotoxicity may impact long-term performance and survival. Dispersant did not affect the occurrence of pen-cardial edema; however, there was an apparent reduction in atrial contractility at 48 h of exposure. Pericardial edema at 48 h and lethality at 96 h were equally sensitive endpoints in mahi-mahi. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Esbaugh, Andrew J.] Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Dept Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Mager, Edward M.; Stieglitz, John D.; Hoenig, Ronald; Benetti, Daniel D.; Grosell, Martin] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Marine Biol & Ecol, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Brown, Tanya L.; French, Barbara L.; Linbo, Tiffany L.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.; Incardona, John P.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Lay, Claire; Forth, Heather; Morris, Jeffrey M.] Stratus Consulting Abt Associates, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Esbaugh, AJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Dept Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM a.esbaugh@austin.utexas.edu OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272; Esbaugh, Andrew/0000-0002-7262-4408 FU Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) FX This work was supported by funds provided as part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) for the DWH oil spill. Data presented here are a subset of a larger toxicological database that is being generated as part of the Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment Therefore, these data will be subject to additional analysis and interpretation which may include interpretation in the context of additional data not presented here. We thank Cathy Laetz for assistance with data collection, and Jana Labenia and David Baldwin for assistance with data analyses. KG. is a Maytag professor of ichthyology. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 17 U2 89 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 543 BP 644 EP 651 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.068 PN A PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA2OL UT WOS:000367635600065 PM 26613518 ER PT J AU Wu, XR Zhang, SQ Liu, ZY AF Wu, Xinrong Zhang, Shaoqing Liu, Zhengyu TI Implementation of a one-dimensional enthalpy sea-ice model in a simple pycnocline prediction model for sea-ice data assimilation studies SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE sea ice; enthalpy; coupled model; data assimilation; ensemble Kalman filter ID COUPLED MODEL; CLIMATE; IMPACT; ADJUSTMENT; SIMULATION; FILTER AB To further explore enthalpy-based sea-ice assimilation, a one-dimensional (1D) enthalpy sea-ice model is implemented into a simple pycnocline prediction model. The 1D enthalpy sea-ice model includes the physical processes such as brine expulsion, flushing, and salt diffusion. After being coupled with the atmosphere and ocean components, the enthalpy sea-ice model can be integrated stably and serves as an important modulator of model variability. Results from a twin experiment show that the sea-ice data assimilation in the enthalpy space can produce smaller root-mean-square errors of model variables than the traditional scheme that assimilates the observations of ice concentration, especially for slow-varying states. This study provides some insights into the improvement of sea-ice data assimilation in a coupled general circulation model. C1 [Wu, Xinrong] State Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Shaoqing] Princeton Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Clin Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Lab Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Wu, XR (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. EM xinrong_wu@yahoo.com FU National Natural Science Foundation [41206178, 41306006, 41376015, 41376013, 41176003]; National Basic Research Program [2013CB430304]; National High-Tech RD Program [2013AA09A505]; Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction Program of China [GASI-01-01-12] FX Special thanks go to Dr. Dirk NOTZ at Max Planck Institute for his generous help during the model implementation. This research is co-sponsored by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 41206178, 41306006, 41376015, 41376013 and 41176003), the National Basic Research Program (Grant No. 2013CB430304), the National High-Tech R&D Program (Grant No. 2013AA09A505), and the Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction Program (Grant No. GASI-01-01-12) of China. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 33 IS 2 BP 193 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s00376-015-5099-2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ9ZW UT WOS:000367457500006 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Yer, IH AF Kim, Ji-Hong Yer, In-Hyung TI Characterization of ZnO nanowires grown on Ga-doped ZnO transparent conductive thin films: Effect of deposition temperature of Ga-doped ZnO thin films SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Ga-doped ZnO; ZnO nanowires; Transparent conductive oxide ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; SEED LAYER; NANORODS; ARRAYS AB ZnO nanowires on Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) transparent conductive thin films deposited at different substrate temperatures were demonstrated and characterized. The GZO thin films were deposited at various substrate temperatures ranging from 200 to 600 degrees C in order to study the influence of deposition temperature of the GZO on the characteristics of the ZnO nanowires. The resistivity of the GZO thin films decreased from 5.11 x 10(-4) (200 degrees C) to 4.83 x 10(-4) Omega cm (400 degrees C) and then increased to 6.12 x 10(-4) Omega cm (600 degrees C). The ZnO nanowires were grown vertically and were highly c-axis oriented on the GZO thin films at every deposition temperature without any seed layers. The crystallinity of the ZnO nanowires was improved with increasing deposition temperature of the GZO thin films. In addition, as deposition temperature increased, the diameter of the ZnO nanowires increased, while the density decreased. Photoluminescence (PL) measurement and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) proved that the ZnO nanowires on the GZO thin films deposited at higher substrate temperature had less defects and were closer to stoichiometric ZnO. After the growth of the ZnO nanowires on the GZO thin films, the transmittance decreased with respect to that of the GZO only thin films, but the sample was still transparent with an average optical transmittance higher than 70%. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Ji-Hong; Yer, In-Hyung] Korea Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Kim, Ji-Hong] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM jihong81@gmail.com NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 EI 1873-3956 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 42 IS 2 BP 3304 EP 3308 DI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.10.122 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA CZ7KA UT WOS:000367277100044 ER PT J AU Tomlinson, MC Stumpf, RP Wynne, TT Dupuy, D Burks, R Hendrickson, J Fulton, RS AF Tomlinson, Michelle C. Stumpf, Richard P. Wynne, Timothy T. Dupuy, Danielle Burks, Robert Hendrickson, John Fulton, Rolland S., III TI Relating chlorophyll from cyanobacteria-dominated inland waters to a MERIS bloom index SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAKE; COASTAL; EUTROPHICATION; FLUORESCENCE; ALGORITHMS; IMAGERY; FLORIDA; MODIS; SEA AB The cyanobacteria index (Cl) has been applied to Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) imagery to characterize cyanobacterial biomass in diverse regions. While a consistent qualitative estimate of cyanobacterial biomass is useful, establishing universal relationships to chlorophyll a (chl) concentration, the dominant photosynthetic pigment in phytoplankton, would quantify blooms for regional comparisons. Relationships between chl concentrations were determined from water reflectance measurements and chl concentration from water samples taken from cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic lakes in Florida, where chl ranged from 16 to 115 mu g L-1. When the chl relationship was applied to simultaneous satellite and field data, the chl concentration determined from satellite Cl showed negligible bias and root mean square error of 27%. The generic Cl-based chl algorithm presented here seems suitable for consistent quantification of chl concentration within cyanobacterial blooms. C1 [Tomlinson, Michelle C.; Stumpf, Richard P.; Wynne, Timothy T.] Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20190 USA. [Dupuy, Danielle] CSS Dynamac, Silver Spring, MD 20190 USA. [Burks, Robert; Hendrickson, John; Fulton, Rolland S., III] Bur Water Resources, Div Water & Land Resources, St Johns River Water Management Dist, Palatka, FL 32178 USA. RP Tomlinson, MC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20190 USA. EM Michelle.Tomlinson@noaa.gov FU NASA's Applied Science Programme [NNH08ZDA001N, NNH09AL53I] FX This work was supported by NASA's Applied Science Programme announcement NNH08ZDA001N under contract NNH09AL53I. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X EI 2150-7058 J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 2 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2015.1117155 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CZ8QH UT WOS:000367363700003 ER PT J AU Qiu, JQ Ha, GH Jing, CG Baryshev, SV Reed, BW Lau, JW Zhu, YM AF Qiu, Jiaqi Ha, Gwanghui Jing, Chunguang Baryshev, Sergey V. Reed, Bryan W. Lau, June W. Zhu, Yimei TI GHz laser-free time-resolved transmission electron microscopy: A stroboscopic high-duty-cycle method SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE GHz; Stroboscopic; Deflecting cavity; Transmission electron microscopy; Time-resolved; Ultrafast ID DIFFRACTION AB A device and a method for producing ultrashort electron pulses with GHz repetition rates via pulsing an input direct current (dc) electron beam are provided. The device and the method are based on an electromagnetic-mechanical pulser (EMMP) that consists of a series of transverse deflecting cavities and magnetic quadrupoles. The EMMP modulates and chops the incoming dc electron beam and converts it into pico- and sub-pico-second electron pulse sequences (pulse trains) at > 1 GHz repetition rates, as well as controllably manipulates the resulting pulses. Ultimately, it leads to negligible electron pulse phase-space degradation compared to the incoming dc beam parameters. The temporal pulse length and repetition rate for the EMMP can be continuously tunable over wide ranges. Applying the EMMP to a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with any dc electron source (e.g. thermionic, Schottky, or field-emission source), a GHz stroboscopic high-duty-cycle TEM can be realized. Unlike in many recent developments in time-resolved TEM that rely on a sample pumping laser paired with a laser launching electrons from a photocathode to probe the sample, there is no laser in the presented experimental set-up. This is expected to be a significant relief for electron microscopists who are not familiar with laser systems. The EMMP and the sample are externally driven by a radiofrequency (RF) source synchronized through a delay line. With no laser pumping the sample, the problem of the pump laser induced residual heating/damaging the sample is eliminated. As many RF-driven processes can be cycled indefinitely, sampling rates of 1-50 GHz become accessible. Such a GHz stroboscopic TEM would open up a new paradigm for in situ and in operand experiments to study samples externally driven electromagnetically. Complementary to the lower (MHz) repetition rates experiments enabled by laser photocathode TEM, new experiments in the multi-GHz regime will be enabled by the proposed RF design. Because TEM is also a platform for various analytical methods, there are infinite application opportunities in energy and electronics to resolve charge (electronic and ionic) transport, and magnetic, plasmonic and excitonic dynamics in advanced functional materials. In addition, because the beam duty-cycle can be as high as similar to 10(-1) (or 10%), detection can be accomplished by commercially available detectors. In this article, we report an optimal design of the EMMP. The optimal design was found using an analytical generalized matrix approach in the thin lens approximation along with detailed beam dynamics taking actual realistic dc beam parameters in a TEM operating at 200 keV. (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Qiu, Jiaqi; Ha, Gwanghui; Jing, Chunguang; Baryshev, Sergey V.] Euclid TechLabs, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. [Reed, Bryan W.] Integrated Dynam Electron Solut, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. [Lau, June W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Baryshev, SV (reprint author), Euclid TechLabs, 365 Remington Blvd, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. EM s.baryshev@euclidtechlabs.com FU DOE SBIR program [DE-SC0013121]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012704] FX Euclid TechLabs work was supported by DOE SBIR program Grant no. DE-SC0013121. Y.Z. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-SC0012704. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD FEB PY 2016 VL 161 BP 130 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.11.006 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA CZ8NX UT WOS:000367357500017 PM 26683815 ER PT J AU Kirby, BJ Belliveau, HF Belyea, DD Kienzle, PA Grutter, AJ Riego, P Berger, A Miller, CW AF Kirby, B. J. Belliveau, H. F. Belyea, D. D. Kienzle, P. A. Grutter, A. J. Riego, P. Berger, A. Miller, Casey W. TI Spatial Evolution of the Ferromagnetic Phase Transition in an Exchange Graded Film SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERLATTICES AB A combination of experiments and numerical modeling was used to study the spatial evolution of the ferromagnetic phase transition in a thin film engineered to have a smooth gradient in exchange strength. Mean-field simulations predict, and experiments confirm, that a 100 nm NixCu1-x alloy film with Ni concentration that varies by 9% as a function of depth behaves predominantly as if composed of a continuum of uncoupled ferromagnetic layers with continuously varying Curie temperatures. A mobile boundary separating ordered and disordered regions emerges as the temperature is increased. We demonstrate continuous control of the boundary position with temperature, and reversible control of the magnetization on both sides of the boundary with the magnetic field. C1 [Kirby, B. J.; Kienzle, P. A.; Grutter, A. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Belliveau, H. F.; Belyea, D. D.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Riego, P.; Berger, A.] CIC NanoGUNE Consolider, E-20018 Donostia San Sebastian, Spain. [Miller, Casey W.] Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Kirby, BJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Berger, A (reprint author), CIC NanoGUNE Consolider, E-20018 Donostia San Sebastian, Spain.; Miller, CW (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM bkirby@nist.gov; a.berger@nanogune.eu; cwmsch@rit.edu RI Berger, Andreas/D-3706-2015; nanoGUNE, CIC/A-2623-2015 OI Berger, Andreas/0000-0001-5865-6609; FU NSF-CAREER [1522927]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [MAT2012-36844] FX Work at RIT was supported by NSF-CAREER No. 1522927. Work at nanoGUNE was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through Grant No. MAT2012-36844. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 4 AR 047203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.047203 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DC6OF UT WOS:000369338700009 PM 26871355 ER PT J AU Miller, AS Shepherd, GR Fratantoni, PS AF Miller, Alicia S. Shepherd, Gary R. Fratantoni, Paula S. TI Offshore Habitat Preference of Overwintering Juvenile and Adult Black Sea Bass, Centropristis striata, and the Relationship to Year-Class Success SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; ENGLAND SHELFBREAK FRONT; OF-THE-YEAR; NORTH-CAROLINA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WINTER MORTALITY; MORONE-SAXATILIS; CAPE-HATTERAS; GEORGES BANK; RED DRUM AB Black sea bass (Centropristis striata) migrations are believed to play a role in overwinter survival and connectivity between juvenile and adult populations. This study investigated oceanographic drivers of winter habitat choice and regional differences between populations of juvenile and adult black sea bass. Trends in cohort strength, as a result of juvenile survival, were also identified. Oceanographic and fisheries survey data were analyzed using generalized additive models. Among the oceanographic variables investigated, salinity was the main driver in habitat selection with an optimal range of 33-35 practical salinity units (PSU) for both juveniles and adults. Preferred temperature ranges varied between juveniles and adults, but held a similar minimum preference of >8 degrees C. Salinity and temperature ranges also differed by regions north and south of Hudson Canyon. Shelf water volume had less of an effect than temperature or salinity, but showed an overall negative relationship with survey catch. The effect of winter conditions on juvenile abundance was also observed across state and federal survey index trends. A lack of correlation observed among surveys in the fall paired with a strong correlation in the spring identifies the winter period as a factor determining year-class strength of new recruits to the population. A rank order analysis of spring indices identified three of the largest year classes occurring during years with reduced shelf water volumes, warmer winter shelf waters, and a 34 PSU isohaline aligned farther inshore. While greater catches of black sea bass in the northwest Atlantic Ocean remain south of Hudson Canyon, the species' range has expanded north in recent years. C1 [Miller, Alicia S.; Shepherd, Gary R.; Fratantoni, Paula S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Miller, AS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Alicia.Miller@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 29 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 AR e0147627 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0147627 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC9GH UT WOS:000369528600043 PM 26824350 ER PT J AU Scheinert, M Ferraccioli, F Schwabe, J Bell, R Studinger, M Damaske, D Jokat, W Aleshkova, N Jordan, T Leitchenkov, G Blankenship, DD Damiani, TM Young, D Cochran, JR Richter, TD AF Scheinert, M. Ferraccioli, F. Schwabe, J. Bell, R. Studinger, M. Damaske, D. Jokat, W. Aleshkova, N. Jordan, T. Leitchenkov, G. Blankenship, D. D. Damiani, T. M. Young, D. Cochran, J. R. Richter, T. D. TI New Antarctic gravity anomaly grid for enhanced geodetic and geophysical studies in Antarctica SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK; DRONNING MAUD LAND; EAST ANTARCTICA; TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; AEROGEOPHYSICAL DATA; ICE-SHEET; GLACIER REGION; FIELD MODEL; GOCE DATA; GEOLOGY AB Gravity surveying is challenging in Antarctica because of its hostile environment and inaccessibility. Nevertheless, many ground-based, airborne, and shipborne gravity campaigns have been completed by the geophysical and geodetic communities since the 1980s. We present the first modern Antarctic-wide gravity data compilation derived from 13 million data points covering an area of 10 million km(2), which corresponds to 73% coverage of the continent. The remove-compute-restore technique was applied for gridding, which facilitated leveling of the different gravity data sets with respect to an Earth gravity model derived from satellite data alone. The resulting free-air and Bouguer gravity anomaly grids of 10 km resolution are publicly available. These grids will enable new high-resolution combined Earth gravity models to be derived and represent a major step forward toward solving the geodetic polar data gap problem. They provide a new tool to investigate continental-scale lithospheric structure and geological evolution of Antarctica. C1 [Scheinert, M.; Schwabe, J.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Planetare Geodasie, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Ferraccioli, F.; Jordan, T.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Schwabe, J.] Bundesamt Kartog & Geodasie, Leipzig, Germany. [Bell, R.; Cochran, J. R.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Studinger, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Damaske, D.] Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, Hannover, Germany. [Jokat, W.] Helmholtz Zentrum Polar & Meeresforsch, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Jokat, W.] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Aleshkova, N.; Leitchenkov, G.] VNIIOkeangeologia, St Petersburg, Russia. [Leitchenkov, G.] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Geophys, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Blankenship, D. D.; Young, D.; Richter, T. D.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Damiani, T. M.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Scheinert, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Planetare Geodasie, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. EM mirko.scheinert@tu-dresden.de RI Young, Duncan/G-6256-2010; OI Young, Duncan/0000-0002-6866-8176; Jokat, Wilfried/0000-0002-7793-5854 NR 67 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 2 BP 600 EP 610 DI 10.1002/2015GL067439 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DG4QG UT WOS:000372056400015 ER PT J AU Sluka, TC Penny, SG Kalnay, E Miyoshi, T AF Sluka, Travis C. Penny, Stephen G. Kalnay, Eugenia Miyoshi, Takemasa TI Assimilating atmospheric observations into the ocean using strongly coupled ensemble data assimilation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENT DATA ASSIMILATION; TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; GLOBAL OCEAN; SYSTEM; MODEL; CLIMATE; NCEP; SCHEME; GCM AB The local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) is used to develop a strongly coupled data assimilation (DA) system for an intermediate complexity ocean-atmosphere coupled model. Strongly coupled DA uses the cross-domain error covariance from a coupled-model background ensemble to allow observations in one domain to directly impact the state of the other domain during the analysis update. This method is compared to weakly coupled DA in which the coupled model is used for the background, but the cross-domain error covariance is not utilized. We perform an observing system simulation experiment with atmospheric observations only. Strongly coupled DA reduces the ocean analysis errors compared to weakly coupled DA, and the higher accuracy of the ocean also improves the atmosphere. The LETKF system design presented should allow for easy implementation of strongly coupled DA with other types of coupled models. C1 [Sluka, Travis C.; Penny, Stephen G.; Kalnay, Eugenia; Miyoshi, Takemasa] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Penny, Stephen G.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Kalnay, Eugenia] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Miyoshi, Takemasa] RIKEN, Adv Inst Computat Sci, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. RP Sluka, TC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tsluka@umd.edu RI Miyoshi, Takemasa/C-2768-2009; OI Miyoshi, Takemasa/0000-0003-3160-2525; Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906; Sluka, Travis/0000-0003-3588-5796 FU Monsoon Mission Directorate under grant MMSERPUnivMaryland FX The SPEEDY-NEMO model including source code and input data were kindly provided by F. Kucharski. LETKF source code is available at http://code.google.com/p/miyoshi. We are grateful for the support of the Monsoon Mission Directorate under grant MMSERPUnivMaryland. The authors acknowledge the University of Maryland supercomputing resources (http://www.it.umd.edu/hpcc) made available for conducting the research reported in this paper. The authors thank the two reviewers for significantly improving the manuscript. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 2 BP 752 EP 759 DI 10.1002/2015GL067238 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DG4QG UT WOS:000372056400033 ER PT J AU Ten Hoeve, JE Augustine, JA AF Ten Hoeve, John E. Augustine, John A. TI Aerosol effects on cloud cover as evidenced by ground-based and space-based observations at five rural sites in the United States SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; SATELLITE DATA; OPTICAL DEPTH; INVIGORATION; PRODUCTS; IMPACTS; PRECIPITATION; FRACTION; AMAZON AB Previous studies of the second aerosol indirect (lifetime) effect on cloud cover have estimated the strength of the effect without correcting for near-cloud contamination and other confounding factors. Here we combine satellite-based observations with a multiyear ground-based data set across five rural locations in the United States to more accurately constrain the second indirect aerosol effect and quantify aerosol effects on radiative forcing. Results show that near-cloud contamination accounts for approximately 40% of the satellite-derived aerosol-cloud relationship. When contamination is removed and the effect of meteorological covariation is minimized, a strong physical aerosol effect on cloud cover remains. Averaged over all stations and after correcting for contamination, the daytime solar and total (solar + IR) radiative forcing is -52W/m(2) and -19W/m(2), respectively, due to both direct and indirect aerosol effects for aerosol optical depths (tau) between 0 and 0.3. Averaged diurnally, the average total radiative forcing is +16 W/m(2). C1 [Ten Hoeve, John E.] Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Augustine, John A.] Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ten Hoeve, JE (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM john.tenhoeve@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 2 BP 793 EP 801 DI 10.1002/2015GL066873 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DG4QG UT WOS:000372056400038 ER PT J AU Hoell, A Hoerling, M Eischeid, J Wolter, K Dole, R Perlwitz, J Xu, TY Cheng, LY AF Hoell, Andrew Hoerling, Martin Eischeid, Jon Wolter, Klaus Dole, Randall Perlwitz, Judith Xu, Taiyi Cheng, Linyin TI Does El Nino intensity matter for California precipitation? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DROUGHT; ENSO; TEMPERATURE; PATTERNS; CLIMATE; TELECONNECTIONS; VARIABILITY; ANOMALIES; MODEL AB The sensitivity of California precipitation to El Nino intensity is investigated by applying a multimodel ensemble of historical climate simulations to estimate how November-April precipitation probability distributions vary across three categorizations of El Nino intensity. Weak and moderate El Nino events fail to appreciably alter wet or dry risks across northern and central California, though odds for wet conditions increase across southern California duringmoderate El Nino. Significant increases in wet probabilities occur during strong El Nino events across the entire state. In California's main northern watershed regions, simulations indicate an 85% chance of greater than normal precipitation and a 50% probability of at least 125% of normal. Our results indicate that both the statewide average and the spatial distribution of California precipitation are sensitive to El Nino intensity. Forecasts of El Nino intensity would thus contribute to improved situational awareness for California water planning and related water resource impacts. C1 [Hoell, Andrew; Hoerling, Martin; Eischeid, Jon; Wolter, Klaus; Dole, Randall; Perlwitz, Judith; Xu, Taiyi; Cheng, Linyin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Eischeid, Jon; Wolter, Klaus; Perlwitz, Judith; Xu, Taiyi; Cheng, Linyin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hoell, A (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM andrew.hoell@noaa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX The authors thank the NOAA Climate Program Office for support, Daithi Stone and Michael Wehner of the Computational Research Division at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for access to CAM5 simulations, anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and helpful comments, and Shrad Shukla for useful feedback on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 2 BP 819 EP 825 DI 10.1002/2015GL067102 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DG4QG UT WOS:000372056400041 ER PT J AU Miller, M Williams, DE Huntington, BE Piniak, GA Vermeij, MJA AF Miller, Margaret Williams, Dana E. Huntington, Brittany E. Piniak, Gregory A. Vermeij, Mark J. A. TI Decadal comparison of a diminishing coral community: a study using demographics to advance inferences of community status SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Navassa; Skewness; Cover; Density; Size frequency distribution ID REMOTE CARIBBEAN ISLAND; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; REEF; SCLERACTINIA; HABITAT; DECLINE; NAVASSA AB The most common coral monitoring methods estimate coral abundance as percent cover, either via in situ observations or derived from images. In recent years, growing interest and effort has focused on colony-based (demographic) data to assess the,, status of coral populations and communities. In this study, we relied on two separate data sets (photo-derived percent cover estimates, 2002-12, and opportunistic in situ demographic sampling, 2004 and 2012) to more fully infer decadal changes in coral communities at a small, uninhabited Caribbean island. Photo-derived percent cover documented drastic declines in coral abundance including disproportionate declines in Orbicella spp. While overall in situ estimates of total coral density were not different between years, densities of several rarer taxa were. Meandrina meandrites and Stephanocoenia intersepta increased while Leptoseris cucullata decreased significantly, changes that were not discernable from the photo-derived cover estimates. Demographic data also showed significant shifts to larger colony sizes (both increased mean colony sizes and increased negative skewness of size frequency distributions, but similar maximum colony sizes) for most taxa likely indicating reduced recruitment. Orbicella spp. differed from this general pattern, significantly shifting to smaller colony sizes due to partial mortality. Both approaches detected significant decadal changes in coral community structure at Navassa, though the demographic sampling provided better resolution of more subtle, taxon-specific changes. C1 [Miller, Margaret; Williams, Dana E.; Huntington, Brittany E.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL USA. [Williams, Dana E.; Huntington, Brittany E.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Huntington, Brittany E.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR USA. [Piniak, Gregory A.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Vermeij, Mark J. A.] CARMABI Fdn, Willemstad, Curacao, Netherlands. [Vermeij, Mark J. A.] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, Aquat Microbiol, Amsterdam, NH, Netherlands. RP Miller, M (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL USA. EM margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; Southeast Fisheries Science Center; John G. Shedd Aquarium; Khalid bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation FX This work was funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and in kind support from the Southeast Fisheries Science Center, the John G. Shedd Aquarium and the Khalid bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD JAN 28 PY 2016 VL 4 AR e1643 DI 10.7717/peerj.1643 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC7NM UT WOS:000369407200006 PM 26835185 ER PT J AU Beklemisheva, VR Perelman, PL Lemskaya, NA Kulemzina, AI Proskuryakova, AA Burkanov, VN Graphodatsky, AS AF Beklemisheva, Violetta R. Perelman, Polina L. Lemskaya, Natalya A. Kulemzina, Anastasia I. Proskuryakova, Anastasia A. Burkanov, Vladimir N. Graphodatsky, Alexander S. TI The Ancestral Carnivore Karyotype As Substantiated by Comparative Chromosome Painting of Three Pinnipeds, the Walrus, the Steller Sea Lion and the Baikal Seal (Pinnipedia, Carnivora) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; BANDING PATTERNS; DOMESTIC CAT; ZOO-FISH; EVOLUTION; MAMMALS; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; CYTOGENETICS; HOMOPLASY; HEMIPLASY AB Karyotype evolution in Carnivora is thoroughly studied by classical and molecular cytogenetics and supplemented by reconstructions of Ancestral Carnivora Karyotype (ACK). However chromosome painting information from two pinniped families (Odobenidae and Otariidae) is noticeably missing. We report on the construction of the comparative chromosome map for species from each of the three pinniped families: the walrus (Odobenus rosmarus, Odobenidae-monotypic family), near threatened Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus, Otariidae) and the endemic Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica, Phocidae) using combination of human, domestic dog and stone marten whole-chromosome painting probes. The earliest karyological studies of Pinnipedia showed that pinnipeds were characterized by a pronounced karyological conservatism that is confirmed here with species from Phocidae, Otariidae and Odobenidae sharing same low number of conserved human autosomal segments (32). Chromosome painting in Pinnipedia and comparison with non-pinniped carnivore karyotypes provide strong support for refined structure of ACK with 2n = 38. Constructed comparative chromosome maps show that pinniped karyotype evolution was characterized by few tandem fusions, seemingly absent inversions and slow rate of genome rearrangements (less then one rearrangement per 10 million years). Integrative comparative analyses with published chromosome painting of Phoca vitulina revealed common cytogenetic signature for Phoca/Pusa branch and supports Phocidae and Otaroidea (Otariidae/Odobenidae) as sister groups. We revealed rearrangements specific for walrus karyotype and found the chromosomal signature linking together families Otariidae and Odobenidae. The Steller sea lion karyotype is the most conserved among three studied species and differs from the ACK by single fusion. The study underlined the strikingly slow karyotype evolution of the Pinnipedia in general and the Otariidae in particular. C1 [Beklemisheva, Violetta R.; Perelman, Polina L.; Lemskaya, Natalya A.; Kulemzina, Anastasia I.; Proskuryakova, Anastasia A.; Graphodatsky, Alexander S.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Dept Comparat Genom, Novosibirsk, Russia. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Russian Acad Sci, Far East Branch, Pacific Geog Inst, Dept Higher Vertebrates Ecol,Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Perelman, Polina L.; Proskuryakova, Anastasia A.; Graphodatsky, Alexander S.] Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Beklemisheva, VR (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Dept Comparat Genom, Novosibirsk, Russia. EM bekl@mcb.nsc.ru RI Graphodatsky, Alexander/B-4922-2010; Perelman, Polina/N-8088-2015; Beklemisheva, Violetta/N-9532-2015; Lemskaya, Natalya/N-5609-2015 OI Graphodatsky, Alexander/0000-0002-8282-1085; Perelman, Polina/0000-0002-0982-5100; FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [14-04-00467, 15-04-00962, 15-29-02384]; Molecular and Cell Biology of RAS FX This work was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (https://kias.rfbr.ru): project 14-04-00467 to VRB; project 15-04-00962 to ASG; project 15-29-02384 to ASG and the Research grant of the Molecular and Cell Biology of RAS to ASG. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 28 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 AR e0147647 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0147647 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC9GF UT WOS:000369528400036 PM 26821159 ER PT J AU Joe, YI O'Neil, GC Miaja-Avila, L Fowler, JW Jimenez, R Silverman, KL Swetz, DS Ullom, JN AF Joe, Y. I. O'Neil, G. C. Miaja-Avila, L. Fowler, J. W. Jimenez, R. Silverman, K. L. Swetz, D. S. Ullom, J. N. TI Observation of iron spin-states using tabletop x-ray emission spectroscopy and microcalorimeter sensors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE x-ray emission spectroscopy; transition edge sensor; ultrafast ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; RESOLUTION AB X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) is a powerful probe of the electronic and chemical state of elemental species embedded within complex compounds. X-ray sensors that combine high resolving power and high collecting efficiency are desirable for photon-starved XES experiments such as measurements of dilute, gaseous, and radiation-sensitive samples, time-resolved measurements, and in-laboratory XES. To assess whether arrays of cryogenic microcalorimeters will be useful in photon-starved XES scenarios, we demonstrate that these emerging energydispersive sensors can detect the spin-state of 3d electrons of iron in two different compounds, Fe2O3 and FeS2. The measurements were conducted with a picosecond pulsed laser-driven plasma as the exciting x-ray source. The use of this tabletop source suggests that time-resolved in-laboratory XES will be possible in the future. We also present simulations of Ka and Kb spectra that reveal the spin-state sensitivity of different combinations of sensor resolution and accumulated counts. These simulations predict that our current experimental apparatus can perform time-resolved XES measurements on some samples with a measurement time of a few 10 s of hours per time delay. C1 [Joe, Y. I.; O'Neil, G. C.; Miaja-Avila, L.; Fowler, J. W.; Jimenez, R.; Silverman, K. L.; Swetz, D. S.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jimenez, R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ullom, JN (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joel.ullom@nist.gov FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program and from the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 2 AR 024003 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/49/2/024003 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DB9ZE UT WOS:000368875500004 ER PT J AU Maghrebi, MF Kruger, M Kardar, M AF Maghrebi, Mohammad F. Krueger, Matthias Kardar, Mehran TI Flight of a heavy particle nonlinearly coupled to a quantum bath SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BROWNIAN-MOTION; GENERAL ENVIRONMENT; INTEGRAL APPROACH; VACUUM; DISSIPATION; RADIATION; DYNAMICS; FRICTION; MIRROR; SYSTEM AB Fluctuation and dissipation are byproducts of coupling to the "environment." The Caldeira-Leggett model, a successful paradigm of quantum Brownian motion, views the environment as a collection of harmonic oscillators linearly coupled to the system. However, symmetry considerations may forbid a linear coupling, e.g., for a neutral particle in quantum electrodynamics. We argue that the absence of linear couplings can lead to a fundamentally different behavior. Specifically, we consider a heavy particle quadratically coupled to quantum fluctuations of the bath. In one dimension the particle undergoes anomalous diffusion, unfolding as a power-law distribution in space, reminiscent of Levy flights. We suggest condensed matter analogs where similar effects may arise. C1 [Maghrebi, Mohammad F.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Maghrebi, Mohammad F.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Krueger, Matthias] Max Planck Inst Intelligente Syst, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Krueger, Matthias] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Theoret Phys 4, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Kardar, Mehran] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Maghrebi, MF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Maghrebi, MF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM magrebi@umd.edu FU NSF PFC at JQI; NSF PIF; ARO; ARL; AFOSR; AFOSR MURI; DFG [KR 3844/2-1]; NSF [DMR-12-06323] FX We acknowledge useful discussions with S. Shadkhoo and C. Henkel. M.M. was supported by NSF PFC at JQI, NSF PIF, ARO, ARL, AFOSR, and AFOSR MURI. Ma.Kr. was supported by DFG Grant No. KR 3844/2-1, M.K. by the NSF through Grant No. DMR-12-06323. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 28 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 1 AR 014309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.014309 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DC4VC UT WOS:000369217400001 ER PT J AU Aughenbaugh, KL Stutzman, P Juenger, MCG AF Aughenbaugh, Katherine L. Stutzman, Paul Juenger, Maria C. G. TI Identifying Glass Compositions in Fly Ash SO FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE fly ash; glass composition; SEM-EDS; multispectral imaging; k-means analysis ID CEMENTS AB In this study, four Class F fly ashes were studied with a scanning electron microscope; the glassy phases were identified and their compositions quantified using point compositional analysis with k-means clustering and multispectral image analysis. The results showed that while the bulk oxide contents of the fly ashes were different, the four fly ashes had somewhat similar glassy phase compositions. Aluminosilicate (AS) glasses, calcium aluminosilicate (CAS) glasses, a mixed glass, and, in one case, a high iron glass were identified in the fly ashes. Quartz and iron crystalline phases were identified in each fly ash as well. The compositions of the three main glasses identified, AS, CAS, and mixed glass, were relatively similar in each ash. The amounts of each glass were varied by fly ash, with the highest calcium fly ash containing the most of calcium-containing glass. Some of the glasses were identified as intermixed in individual particles, particularly the calcium-containing glasses. Finally, the smallest particles in the fly ashes, with the most surface area available to react in alkaline solution, such as when mixed with Portland cement or in alkali-activated fly ash, were not different in composition than the large particles, with each of the glasses represented. The method used in the study may be applied to a fly ash of interest for use as a cementing material in order to understand its potential for reactivity. C1 [Aughenbaugh, Katherine L.] Univ Texas Austin, Petr & Geosyst Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Stutzman, Paul] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Juenger, Maria C. G.] Univ Texas Austin, Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Juenger, MCG (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM mjuenger@mail.utexas.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI 0926627] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation (Grant # CMMI 0926627). NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 2296-8016 J9 FRONT MATER JI Front. Mater. PD JAN 28 PY 2016 VL 3 AR UNSP 1 DI 10.3389/fmats.2016.00001 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA EK0SP UT WOS:000393637700001 ER PT J AU Walsh, MR Castoe, T Holmes, J Packer, M Biles, K Walsh, M Munch, SB Post, DM AF Walsh, Matthew R. Castoe, Todd Holmes, Julian Packer, Michelle Biles, Kelsey Walsh, Melissa Munch, Stephan B. Post, David M. TI Local adaptation in transgenerational responses to predators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ecological epigenetics; life-history evolution; maternal effects; phenotypic plasticity ID LIFE-HISTORY SHIFTS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; NONGENETIC INHERITANCE; IMPATIENS-CAPENSIS; FISH PREDATOR; EVOLUTION; ENVIRONMENTS; DAPHNIA; CONSEQUENCES AB Environmental signals can induce phenotypic changes that span multiple generations. Along with phenotypic responses that occur during development (i.e. 'within-generation' plasticity), such 'transgenerational plasticity' (TGP) has been documented in a diverse array of taxa spanning many environmental perturbations. New theory predicts that temporal stability is a key driver of the evolution of TGP. We tested this prediction using natural populations of zoo-plankton from lakes in Connecticut that span a large gradient in the temporal dynamics of predator-induced mortality. We reared more than 120 clones of Daphnia ambigua from nine lakes for multiple generations in the presence/absence of predator cues. We found that temporal variation in mortality selects for within-generation plasticity while consistently strong (or weak) mortality selects for increased TGP. Such results provide us the first evidence for local adaptation in TGP and argue that divergent ecological conditions select for phenotypic responses within and across generations. C1 [Walsh, Matthew R.; Castoe, Todd; Holmes, Julian; Packer, Michelle; Biles, Kelsey; Walsh, Melissa] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Munch, Stephan B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Post, David M.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Walsh, MR (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM matthew.walsh@uta.edu FU UTA Research Enhancement Programme grant; NSF FX We thank Nathan Campbell, Deirdre Whittington, Jennifer Nguyen, Mina Wilson, Ishrat Durdana for help in the laboratory and Andrew Jones and John Park for help in the field. We thank several anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved this manuscript. M.W. and T.C. thank a UTA Research Enhancement Programme grant for funding, whereas S.M. and D.P. thank NSF for funding. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 16 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JAN 27 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1823 AR 20152271 DI 10.1098/rspb.2015.2271 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DL7ZH UT WOS:000375858400007 ER PT J AU Seidel, DJ Li, J Mears, C Moradi, I Nash, J Randel, WJ Saunders, R Thompson, DWJ Zou, CZ AF Seidel, Dian J. Li, Jian Mears, Carl Moradi, Isaac Nash, John Randel, William J. Saunders, Roger Thompson, David W. J. Zou, Cheng-Zhi TI Stratospheric temperature changes during the satellite era SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE stratospheric temperature; volcanic aerosol; satellite observations; trend; solar cycle; climate data record ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; LONG-TERM TRENDS; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE TRENDS; SOUNDING UNIT; DATA RECORDS; EL-CHICHON; SAGE II AB Satellite-based layer average stratospheric temperature (T) climate data records (CDRs) now span more than three decades and so can elucidate climate variability associated with processes on multiple time scales. We intercompare and analyze available published T CDRs covering at least two decades, with a focus on Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) and Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) CDRs. Recent research has reduced but not eliminated discrepancies between SSU CDRs developed by NOAA and the UK Meteorological Office. The MSU CDRs from NOAA and Remote Sensing Systems are in closer agreement than the CDR from the University of Alabama in Huntsville. The latter has a previously unreported inhomogeneity in 2005, revealed by an abrupt increase in the magnitude and spatial variability of T anomaly differences between CDRs. Although time-varying biases remain in both SSU and MSU CDRs, multiple linear regression analyses reveal consistent solar, El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), quasi-biennial oscillation, aerosol, and piecewise-linear trend signals. Together, these predictors explain 80 to 90% of the variance in the near-global-average T CDRs. The most important predictor variables (in terms of percent explained variance in near-global-average T) for lower stratospheric T measured by MSU are aerosols, solar variability, and ENSO. Trends explain the largest percentage of variance in observations from all three SSU channels. In MSU and SSU CDRs, piecewise-linear trends, with a 1995 break point, indicate cooling during 1979-1994 but no trend during 1995-2013 for MSU and during 1995-2005 for SSU. These observational findings provide a basis for evaluating climate model simulations of stratospheric temperature during the past 35years. C1 [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Li, Jian] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. [Li, Jian; Zou, Cheng-Zhi] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Mears, Carl] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Moradi, Isaac] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nash, John; Saunders, Roger] Meteorol Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Randel, William J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Thompson, David W. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. EM dian.seidel@noaa.gov RI Moradi, Isaac/A-7539-2008; Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010; Thompson, David/F-9627-2012; Randel, William/K-3267-2016 OI Moradi, Isaac/0000-0003-2194-1427; Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162 NR 69 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 2 BP 664 EP 681 DI 10.1002/2015JD024039 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE2QM UT WOS:000370471800006 ER PT J AU Zheng, DH Van der Velde, R Su, ZB Wen, J Wang, X Booij, MJ Hoekstra, AY Lv, SH Zhang, Y Ek, MB AF Zheng, Donghai Van der Velde, Rogier Su, Zhongbo Wen, Jun Wang, Xin Booij, Martijn J. Hoekstra, Arjen Y. Lv, Shihua Zhang, Yu Ek, Michael B. TI Impacts of Noah model physics on catchment-scale runoff simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE land surface model; Tibetan Plateau; streamflow; frozen ground ID LAND-SURFACE MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; YELLOW-RIVER BASIN; CENTRAL TIBETAN PLATEAU; SOIL-MOISTURE; FROZEN SOIL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-BALANCE; HEAT FLUXES AB Noah model physics options validated for the source region of the Yellow River (SRYR) are applied to investigate their ability in reproducing runoff at the catchment scale. Three sets of augmentations are implemented affecting descriptions of (i) turbulent and soil heat transport (Noah-H), (ii) soil water flow (Noah-W), and (iii) frozen ground processes (Noah-F). Five numerical experiments are designed with the three augmented versions, a control run with default model physics and a run with all augmentations (Noah-A). Each experiment is set up with vegetation and soil parameters from Weather Research and Forecasting data set, soil organic matter content from China Soil Database, 0.1 degrees atmospheric forcing data from Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (Chinese Academy of Sciences), and initial equilibrium model states achieved using a single-year recurrent spin-up. In situ heat flux, soil temperature (T-s), and soil moisture () profile measurements are available for point-scale assessment, whereas monthly streamflow is utilized for the catchment-scale evaluation. The comparison with point measurements shows that the augmentations invoked with Noah-H resolve issues with the heat flux and T-s simulation and Noah-W mitigates deficiencies in the simulation, while Noah-A yields improvements for both simulated surface energy and water budgets. In contrast, Noah-F has a minor effect. Also, at catchment scale, the best model performance is found for Noah-A leading to a base flow-dominated runoff regime, whereby the surface runoff contribution remains significant. This study highlights the need for a complete description of vertical heat and water exchanges to correctly simulate the runoff in the seasonally frozen and high-altitude SRYR at the catchment scale. C1 [Zheng, Donghai; Van der Velde, Rogier; Su, Zhongbo] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Zheng, Donghai; Booij, Martijn J.; Hoekstra, Arjen Y.] Univ Twente, Fac Engn Technol, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Wen, Jun; Wang, Xin; Lv, Shihua; Zhang, Yu] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Key Lab Land Surface Proc & Climate Change Cold &, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Ek, Michael B.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zheng, DH (reprint author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. EM d.zheng@utwente.nl RI Hoekstra, Arjen/B-4980-2008; Zheng, Donghai/H-8318-2016; Su, Z. (Bob)/D-4383-2009 OI Hoekstra, Arjen/0000-0002-4769-5239; Zheng, Donghai/0000-0003-1151-3381; FU European Commission through the FP7 program; Chinese Academy of Sciences Fellowship for Young International Scientists [2012Y1ZA0013]; Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZZD-EW-13]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41405079, 41130961] FX This study was supported by funding from the FP7 CEOP-AEGIS project funded by the European Commission through the FP7 program, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Fellowship for Young International Scientists (grant 2012Y1ZA0013), the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant KZZD-EW-13), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 41405079 and 41130961). The forcing data set used in this study was developed by Data Assimilation and Modeling Center for Tibetan Multi-spheres in ITP/CAS. The China Soil Database was developed by Land-Atmosphere Interaction Research Group at Beijing Normal University. The Multi-source Integrated Chinese Land Cover was obtained from WestDC data center. The global WRF geographic input data set was obtained from WRF Users' Page. The measurements used in this study were provided by Zoige Plateau Wetland Ecosystem Research Station of CAREERI/CAS. For data access, please contact Jun Wen (jwen@lzb.ac.cn) and Yu Zhang (yuzhang@lzb.ac.cn). NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 2 BP 807 EP 832 DI 10.1002/2015JD023695 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE2QM UT WOS:000370471800016 ER PT J AU Andersen, CK Kerckhoff, J Lehnert, KW Chapman, BJ Molmer, K AF Andersen, Christian Kraglund Kerckhoff, Joseph Lehnert, Konrad W. Chapman, Benjamin J. Molmer, Klaus TI Closing a quantum feedback loop inside a cryostat: Autonomous state preparation and long-time memory of a superconducting qubit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLEMENT AB We propose to use a nonlinear resonator for projective readout, classical memory, and feedback for a superconducting qubit. Keeping the classical controller at cryogenic temperatures sidesteps many of the inefficiencies inherent in two-way communication between temperature stages in typical systems with room-temperature controllers, and avoids increasing the cryogenic heat load. This controller may find a broad range of uses in multiqubit systems, but here we analyze two specific demonstrative cases in single qubit control. In the first case, the nonlinear controller is used to initialize the qubit in a definite eigenstate. And in the second case, the qubit's state is read into the controller's classical memory and used to reinstate the measured state after the qubit has decayed. We analyze the properties of this system and we show simulations of the time evolution for the full system dynamics. C1 [Andersen, Christian Kraglund; Molmer, Klaus] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Kerckhoff, Joseph; Lehnert, Konrad W.; Chapman, Benjamin J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehnert, Konrad W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kerckhoff, Joseph] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. RP Andersen, CK (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM ctc@phys.au.dk RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 FU Villum Foundation Center of Excellence, QUSCOPE; Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science; ARO [W911NF-14-1-0079] FX C.K.A. and K.M. acknowledge support from the Villum Foundation Center of Excellence, QUSCOPE, and C.K.A. further acknowledges support from the Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science. J.K., K.W.L., and B.J.C. acknowledge support from the ARO under Contract No. W911NF-14-1-0079. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 27 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 1 AR 012346 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.012346 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DC3RL UT WOS:000369136300004 ER PT J AU Maghrebi, MF Gorshkov, AV AF Maghrebi, Mohammad F. Gorshkov, Alexey V. TI Nonequilibrium many-body steady states via Keldysh formalism SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM SIMULATION; TRAPPED IONS; SUPERCONDUCTING CIRCUITS; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; POLAR-MOLECULES; COLD ATOMS; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; ENTANGLEMENT; DRIVEN AB Many-body systems with both coherent dynamics and dissipation constitute a rich class of models which are nevertheless much less explored than their dissipationless counterparts. The advent of numerous experimental platforms that simulate such dynamics poses an immediate challenge to systematically understand and classify these models. In particular, nontrivial many-body states emerge as steady states under nonequilibrium dynamics. While these states and their phase transitions have been studied extensively with mean-field theory, the validity of the mean-field approximation has not been systematically investigated. In this paper, we employ a field-theoretic approach based on the Keldysh formalism to study nonequilibrium phases and phase transitions in a variety of models. In all cases, a complete description via the Keldysh formalism indicates a partial or complete failure of the mean-field analysis. Furthermore, we find that an effective temperature emerges as a result of dissipation, and the universal behavior including the dynamics near the steady state is generically described by a thermodynamic universality class. C1 [Maghrebi, Mohammad F.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Maghrebi, MF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM magrebi@umd.edu RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421 FU NSF PIF; AFOSR; ARO; ARL; NSF PFC at the JQI; AFOSR MURI FX We thank M. Kardar, S. Diehl, M. Foss-Feig, A. Hu, R. Wilson, Z.-X. Gong, M. Hafezi, A. Safavi-Naini, K. Mahmud, and J. Young for discussions. M.F.M. is indebted to M. Foss-Feig for many useful discussions. This work was supported by the NSF PIF, AFOSR, ARO, ARL, NSF PFC at the JQI, and AFOSR MURI. NR 101 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 27 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 1 AR 014307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.014307 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DC4US UT WOS:000369216400001 ER PT J AU Martinez-Urtaza, J Powell, A Jansa, J Rey, JLC Montero, OP Campello, MG Lopez, MJZ Pousa, A Valles, MJF Trinanes, J Hervio-Heath, D Keay, W Bayley, A Hartnell, R Baker-Austin, C AF Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime Powell, Andy Jansa, Josep Castro Rey, Jose Luis Paz Montero, Oscar Garcia Campello, Marta Zamora Lopez, Ma Jose Pousa, Anxela Faraldo Valles, Ma Jose Trinanes, Joaquin Hervio-Heath, Domique Keay, William Bayley, Amanda Hartnell, Rachel Baker-Austin, Craig TI Epidemiological investigation of a foodborne outbreak in Spain associated with US West Coast genotypes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus SO SPRINGERPLUS LA English DT Article DE Seafood; tdh; trh; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; PNW clone; ST 36 ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; STRAINS; GASTROENTERITIS; HEMOLYSIN; OYSTERS; O3-K6; TDH AB We describe an outbreak of seafood-associated Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Galicia, Spain in on 18th of August 2012 affecting 100 of the 114 passengers travelling on a food banquet cruise boat. Epidemiological information from 65 people was available from follow-on interviews, of which 51 cases showed symptoms of illness. The food items identified through the questionnaires as the most probable source of the infections was shrimp. This product was unique in showing a statistically significant and the highest OR with a value of 7.59 (1.52-37.71). All the nine strains isolated from stool samples were identified as V. parahaemolyticus, seven were positive for both virulence markers tdh and trh, a single strain was positive for trh only and the remaining strain tested negative for both trh and tdh. This is the largest foodborne Vibrio outbreak reported in Europe linked to domestically processed seafood. Moreover, this is the first instance of strains possessing both tdh+ and trh+ being implicated in an outbreak in Europe and that a combination of strains represent several pathogenicity groups and belonging to different genetic variants were isolated from a single outbreak. Clinical isolates were associated with a novel genetic variant of V. parahaemolyticus never detected before in Europe. Further analyses demonstrated that the outbreak isolates showed indistinguishable genetic profiles with hyper-virulent strains from the Pacific Northwest, USA, suggesting a recent transcontinental spread of these strains. C1 [Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Milner Ctr Evolut, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Powell, Andy; Keay, William; Bayley, Amanda; Hartnell, Rachel; Baker-Austin, Craig] Weymouth Lab, Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. [Jansa, Josep] European Ctr Dis Prevent & Control ECDC, Tomtebodavagen 11 A, S-17183 Stockholm, Sweden. [Castro Rey, Jose Luis; Paz Montero, Oscar; Faraldo Valles, Ma Jose] Conselleria Sanidade, Xefatura Terr Pontevedra, Xunta De Galicia, Galicia, Spain. [Garcia Campello, Marta; Zamora Lopez, Ma Jose] Complexo Hosp Pontevedra, Serv Microbioloxia, Pontevedra, Spain. [Pousa, Anxela] Conselleria Sanidade, Direcc Xeral Innovac & Xest Saude Publ, Xunta De Galicia, Galicia, Spain. [Trinanes, Joaquin] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Technol Res Inst, Lab Syst, Campus Univ Sur, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Trinanes, Joaquin] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Trinanes, Joaquin] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hervio-Heath, Domique] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Unite Environm Microbiol & Phycotoxines, Lab Microbiol LNR,Dept Ressources Biol, Plouzane, France. RP Martinez-Urtaza, J (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Milner Ctr Evolut, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM J.L.Martinez-Urtaza@bath.ac.uk NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2193-1801 J9 SPRINGERPLUS JI SpringerPlus PD JAN 27 PY 2016 VL 5 AR 87 DI 10.1186/s40064-016-1728-1 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC0AM UT WOS:000368879000004 PM 26848427 ER PT J AU Lecocq, F Clark, JB Simmonds, RW Aumentado, J Teufel, JD AF Lecocq, F. Clark, J. B. Simmonds, R. W. Aumentado, J. Teufel, J. D. TI Mechanically Mediated Microwave Frequency Conversion in the Quantum Regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL WAVELENGTH CONVERSION; CAVITY OPTOMECHANICS; STATE; OSCILLATOR; PHOTONS AB We report the observation of efficient and low-noise frequency conversion between two microwave modes, mediated by the motion of a mechanical resonator subjected to radiation pressure. We achieve coherent conversion of more than 10(12) photons/s with a 95% efficiency and a 14 kHz bandwidth. With less than 10(-1) photons . s(-1) . Hz(-1) of added noise, this optomechanical frequency converter is suitable for quantum state transduction. We show the ability to operate this converter as a tunable beam splitter, with direct applications for photon routing and communication through complex quantum networks. C1 [Lecocq, F.; Clark, J. B.; Simmonds, R. W.; Aumentado, J.; Teufel, J. D.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Teufel, JD (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.teufel@nist.gov RI Teufel, John/A-8898-2010; Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009; Lecocq, Florent/A-9613-2015 OI Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941; Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466; Lecocq, Florent/0000-0002-3950-0024 FU NIST; DARPA QuASAR program FX Contribution of the U.S. government, not subject to copyright. This work was supported by NIST and the DARPA QuASAR program. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 26 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 4 AR 043601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.043601 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DC6NQ UT WOS:000369337200008 PM 26871329 ER PT J AU Brown, P Bromberg, L Rial-Hermida, MI Wasbrough, M Hatton, TA Alvarez-Lorenzo, C AF Brown, Paul Bromberg, Lev Rial-Hermida, M. Isabel Wasbrough, Matthew Hatton, T. Alan Alvarez-Lorenzo, Carmen TI Magnetic Surfactants and Polymers with Gadolinium Counterions for Protein Separations SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID RESPONSIVE SURFACTANTS; IRON-OXIDE; HET-CAM; NANOPARTICLES; DNA; TEMPERATURE; MEMBRANE; MICELLES; ACID; MRI AB New magnetic surfactants, (cationic hexadecyltrimethlyammonium bromotrichlorogadolinate (CTAG), decyltrimethylammonium bromotridilorogadolinate (DTAG), and a magnetic polymer (poly(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium tetrachlorogadolinate (APTAG)) have been synthesized by the simple mixing of the corresponding surfactants and polymer with gadolinium metal ions. A magnetic anionic surfactant, gadolinium tri(1,4-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate) (Gd(AOT)(3)), was synthesized via metathesis. Both routes enable facile preparation of magnetically responsive magnetic polymers and surfactants without the need to rely on nanocomposites or organic frameworks with polyradicals. Electrical conductivity, surface tensiometry, SQUID magnetometry, and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) demonstrate surface activity and self aggregation behavior of the magnetic surfactants similar to their magnetically inert parent analogues but with added magnetic properties. The binding of the magnetic surfactants to proteins enables efficient separations under low-strength (0.33 T) magnetic fields in a new, nanoparticle-free approach to magnetophoretic protein separations and extractions. Importantly, the toxicity of the magnetic surfactants and polymers is, in some cases, lower than that of their halide analogues. C1 [Brown, Paul; Bromberg, Lev; Hatton, T. Alan] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Rial-Hermida, M. Isabel; Alvarez-Lorenzo, Carmen] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Farm, Dept Farm & Tecnol Farmaceut, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. [Wasbrough, Matthew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS 6100, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hatton, TA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.; Alvarez-Lorenzo, C (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Farm, Dept Farm & Tecnol Farmaceut, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. EM tahatton@mit.edu; carmen.alvarezdorenzo@usc.es FU MICINN Spain [SAF2011-22771]; FEDER FX Work partially supported by MICINN (SAF2011-22771) Spain, and FEDER. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 26 PY 2016 VL 32 IS 3 BP 699 EP 705 DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04146 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DC1BA UT WOS:000368950600007 PM 26725503 ER PT J AU Deng, SH Sun, Y Wang, L Wu, H Shi, KW Hu, PW Huang, QZ Wang, C AF Deng, Sihao Sun, Ying Wang, Lei Wu, Hui Shi, Kewen Hu, Pengwei Huang, Qingzhen Wang, Cong TI Near-zero temperature coefficient of resistivity associated with magnetic ordering in antiperovskite Mn3+xNi1-xN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; RANGE AB The near-zero temperature coefficient of resistivity (NZ-TCR) behavior is reported in the antiperovskite compounds Mn3+xNi1-xN (0 <= x <= 0.333). Our results indicate that the broad temperature range (above 275 K extending to above 220 K) of NZ-TCR is obtained by Mn doping at the Ni site. The short-range magnetic ordering is revealed by both neutron powder diffraction and inverse magnetic susceptibility. Further, we find a strong correlation between the anomalous resistivity change of Mn3+xNi1-xN from the metal-like to the NZ-TCR behavior and the lack of the long-range magnetic ordering. The possible mechanism of NZ-TCR behavior is discussed using the spin-disorder scattering model. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Deng, Sihao; Sun, Ying; Wang, Lei; Shi, Kewen; Hu, Pengwei; Wang, Cong] Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Huang, Qingzhen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, C (reprint author), Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. EM congwang@buaa.edu.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Wang, Lei/O-6298-2015; Sun, Ying/P-1453-2016 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51572010, 51472017]; State Key Lab of Advanced Metals and Materials [2014-ZD03] FX This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant Nos. 51572010 and 51472017) and the State Key Lab of Advanced Metals and Materials (2014-ZD03). NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 25 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 4 AR 041908 DI 10.1063/1.4940912 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DK8YZ UT WOS:000375217200021 ER PT J AU Isleif, KS Gerberding, O Schwarze, TS Mehmet, M Heinzel, G Cervantes, FG AF Isleif, Katharina-Sophie Gerberding, Oliver Schwarze, Thomas S. Mehmet, Moritz Heinzel, Gerhard Cervantes, Felipe Guzman TI Experimental demonstration of deep frequency modulation interferometry SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED HETERODYNE INTERFEROMETRY AB Experiments for space and ground-based gravitational wave detectors often require a large dynamic range interferometric position readout of test masses with 1 pm/root Hz precision over long time scales. Heterodyne interferometer schemes that achieve such precisions are available, but they require complex optical set-ups, limiting their scalability for multiple channels. This article presents the first experimental results on deep frequency modulation interferometry, a new technique that combines sinusoidal laser frequency modulation in unequal arm length interferometers with a non-linear fit algorithm. We have tested the technique in a Michelson and a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer topology, respectively, demonstrated continuous phase tracking of a moving mirror and achieved a performance equivalent to a displacement sensitivity of 250 pm/root Hz at 1 mHz between the phase measurements of two photodetectors monitoring the same optical signal. By performing time series fitting of the extracted interference signals, we measured that the linearity of the laser frequency modulation is on the order of 2% for the laser source used. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Isleif, Katharina-Sophie; Gerberding, Oliver; Schwarze, Thomas S.; Mehmet, Moritz; Heinzel, Gerhard] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, Callinstr 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Mehmet, Moritz; Heinzel, Gerhard] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Callinstr 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Gerberding, Oliver; Cervantes, Felipe Guzman] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gerberding, Oliver; Cervantes, Felipe Guzman] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Isleif, KS (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, Callinstr 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM katharina-sophie.isleif@aei.mpg.de; oliver.gerberding@aei.mpg.de FU DFG Relativistic Geodesy and Gravimetry with Quantum Sensors (geo-Q) [Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 1128]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); ARO [W911NF-14-1-0681] FX The authors would like to thank the DFG Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 1128 Relativistic Geodesy and Gravimetry with Quantum Sensors (geo-Q) and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and ARO under grant W911NF-14-1-0681 for funding. We thank Jacob M. Taylor for his support to this research and stimulating discussions, Thomas LeBrun for providing laboratory space and equipment and John Kramar for sponsoring the exchange. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 25 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 2 BP 1676 EP 1684 DI 10.1364/OE.24.001676 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA DC2SJ UT WOS:000369066300129 PM 26832546 ER PT J AU Scheuerell, MD AF Scheuerell, Mark D. TI An explicit solution for calculating optimum spawning stock size from Ricker's stock recruitment model SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Ricker model; Maximum sustainable yield; MSY; Stock-recruit; Spawner; Harvest AB Stock -recruitment models have been used for decades in fisheries management as a means of formalizing the expected number of l offspring that recruit to a fishery based on the number of parents. In particular, Ricker's stock recruitment model is widely used due to its flexibility and ease with which the parameters can be estimated. After model fitting the spawning stock size that produces the maximum sustainable yield (Smsy) to a fishery, and the harvest corresponding to it (Umsy), are two of the most common biological reference points of interest to fisheries managers. However, to date there has been no explicit solution for either reference point because of the transcendental nature of the equation needed to solve for them. Therefore, numerical or statistical' appro)dmations have been used for more than 30 years. Here I provide explicit formulae for calculating both Smsy and Umsy in teiiiis of the productivity and density -dependent parameters of Ricker's model. C1 [Scheuerell, Mark D.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Scheuerell, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. EM mark.scheuerell@noaa.gov RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD JAN 25 PY 2016 VL 4 AR e1623 DI 10.7717/peerj.1623 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC7MU UT WOS:000369405200007 PM 27004147 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Levin, I Kaduk, JA Espinal, L Wu, H AF Wong-Ng, W. Levin, I. Kaduk, J. A. Espinal, L. Wu, H. TI CO2 capture and positional disorder in Cu-3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)(2): An in situ laboratory X-ray powder diffraction study SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Metal organic framework (MOF); HKUST-1 (Cu-BTC); Laboratory X-ray powder diffraction; Structure as a function of P-CO2; Location of disordered CO2 groups ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; ADSORPTION; ARGON AB Ambient-temperature capture of CO2 by the metal-organic framework Cu-3(BTC)(2) (BTC 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate), known as HKUST-1, has been studied in situ in a laboratory X-ray powder diffractometer under gas-flowing conditions. The diffraction patterns were collected at partial pressures of CO2 (p(CO2) ranging from 0.2 bar to 6 bar. Rietveld refinements combined with the difference Fourier maps identified two principal absorption sites, which agreed with the results of previous low-temperature neutron diffraction studies. At ambient temperature, the CO2 molecules on both sites exhibit considerable positional and rotational disorder, which contrasts with their ordered positions determined by neutron diffraction at cryogenic temperatures. The amount of the adsorbed CO2 increased continuously with increasing p(CO2) and reached approximate to 1.8 CO2 molecules per Cu atom at p(CO2) = 6 bar. The results of this work, while providing new insights into the CO2 adsorption of HKUST-1, demonstrate that laboratory X-ray powder diffraction can be successfully used to identify locations of CO2 molecules during in situ gas-adsorption experiments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Levin, I.; Espinal, L.; Wu, H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JAN 25 PY 2016 VL 656 BP 200 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.09.078 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CW5QH UT WOS:000365051000027 ER PT J AU Kastelle, CR Helser, TE Wischniowski, SG Loher, T Goetz, BJ Kautzi, LA AF Kastelle, Craig R. Helser, Thomas E. Wischniowski, Stephen G. Loher, Timothy Goetz, Betty. J. Kautzi, Lisa A. TI Incorporation of bomb-produced C-14 into fish otoliths: A novel approach for evaluating age validation and bias with an application to yellowfin sole and northern rockfish SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Bayesian model; Age validation; Yellowfin sole; Northern rockfish; Bomb-produced Delta 14C; Age determination bias ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SEBASTES-PAUCISPINIS; AGING METHODS; RADIOCARBON; ALASKA; OCEANOGRAPHY; GULF; DISEQUILIBRIUM; CIRCULATION; CHRONOLOGY AB Fish age validation with bomb-produced radiocarbon (C-14) requires a known-age Delta C-14 reference chronology spanning the era of a marine increase in bomb-produced C-14 (1950s to 1960s). Concordance between otolith Delta C-14 in a validation sample and the reference chronology indicates accurate test ages. Here, we present an information-theoretic approach to hypothesis testing and use Bayesian data analysis with Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation as a probabilistic framework to quantitatively estimate age determination bias and its uncertainty. Using this approach, we compare a new Delta C-14 reference chronology from the eastern Bering Sea and a previously established reference from the Gulf of Alaska with otolith Delta C-14 in two validation species, eastern Bering Sea yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) and Gulf of Alaska northern rockfish (Sebastes polyspinis). Our goals were twofold: (i) to validate the age determination methods for northern rockfish and yellowfin sole using comparisons within oceanic basins, and (ii) to explore the outcome of making na ve comparisons of these validation data sets to reference chronologies across oceanic basins. Based on within-basin comparisons we concluded that estimated ages for eastern Bering Sea yellowfin sole and Gulf of Alaska northern rockfish were accurate. We further concluded that there were important differences in otolith C-14 uptake between fish from the two ocean basins. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kastelle, Craig R.; Helser, Thomas E.; Goetz, Betty. J.; Kautzi, Lisa A.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wischniowski, Stephen G.; Loher, Timothy] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. [Wischniowski, Stephen G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Sclerochronol Lab, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Kautzi, Lisa A.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Resources Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Kastelle, CR (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM craig.kastelle@noaa.gov; thomas.helser@noaa.gov; stephen.wischniowski@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; betty.goetz@noaa.gov; lisa.a.kautzi@state.or.us FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA FX This work was completed with funding and support from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA. We thank the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for providing the 14C analysis. We thank Paul Spencer, Ingrid Spies, and Mary E. Matta, of the Alaska fisheries Science Center for very useful editorial comments on early versions of this manuscript. We thank Allen Andrews of the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA for an insightful review of the manuscript. Also, we thank staff at the Age and Growth Program of the Alaska fisheries Science Center and the International Pacific Halibut Commission for support and help in this project. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 24 PY 2016 VL 320 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.09.013 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DB2BM UT WOS:000368313300008 ER PT J AU Dudley, PN Bonazza, R Porter, WP AF Dudley, Peter N. Bonazza, Riccardo Porter, Warren P. TI Climate change impacts on nesting and internesting leatherback sea turtles using 3D animated computational fluid dynamics and finite volume heat transfer SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Biophysical ecology; Climate change; Global warming; Leatherback; Niche model; Sea turtle ID DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; OCEAN CURRENTS; BEHAVIOR; ENERGETICS; STABILIZATION; PROJECTIONS; SATELLITE; TRANSPORT; INTERVALS AB Shifting suitable range limits under global warming will threaten many species. Modeling and mapping these potential range shifts is important for conservation. As global warming will introduce new sets of abiotic conditions, predictive empirical niche models may not perform well and the best method to model a specie's projected range shifts may be to model their fundamental niche with a biophysical mechanistic niche model. However, this class of model requires many physiological parameters that are difficult to measure for species not easily kept in captivity. It is also difficult to estimate these parameters for marine species given the interactions among their in-water motion, metabolism, and heat transfer. To surmount these difficulties, we use our previously verified novel technique combining 3D digital design, computational fluid dynamics, and finite volume heat transfer modeling to find animal core temperatures. We then use this method to build a fundamental niche map for internesting and nesting leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea). With these niche maps we analyze three main nesting areas. We show that global warming poses a large overheating risk to leatherbacks in Southeast Asia, a slight risk to leatherbacks in the West Atlantic and a low risk to leatherbacks in the East Atlantic. We also show that the impact may be less on leatherbacks that shift their nesting location or who are smaller. Methods such these are important to produce efficiently and economically accurate maps of regions that will become inhospitable to species under global warming conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dudley, Peter N.; Porter, Warren P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bonazza, Riccardo] Univ Wisconsin, Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Dudley, PN (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pndphd@gmail.com FU Department of Zoology, UW Madison FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the Met Office Hadley Center, the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, The University of Tokyo's Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, and the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology for producing and making available their model outputs. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. We thank the Department of Zoology, UW Madison, for summer support of PND through a graduate research grant. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 24 PY 2016 VL 320 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.10.012 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DB2BM UT WOS:000368313300021 ER PT J AU Moody, G McDonald, C Feldman, A Harvey, T Mirin, RP Silverman, KL AF Moody, G. McDonald, C. Feldman, A. Harvey, T. Mirin, R. P. Silverman, K. L. TI Electronic Enhancement of the Exciton Coherence Time in Charged Quantum Dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON; FIELD; SYSTEM; SPIN AB Minimizing decoherence due to coupling of a quantum system to its fluctuating environment is at the forefront of quantum information and photonics research. Nature sets the ultimate limit, however, given by the strength of the system's coupling to the electromagnetic field. Here, we establish the ability to electronically control this coupling and enhance the optical coherence time of the charged exciton transition in quantum dots embedded in a photonic waveguide. By manipulating the electronic wave functions through an applied lateral electric field, we increase the coherence time from similar to 1.4 to similar to 2.7 ns. Numerical calculations reveal that longer coherence arises from the separation of charge carriers by up to similar to 6 nm, which leads to a 30% weaker transition dipole moment. The ability to electronically control the coherence time opens new avenues for quantum communication and novel coupling schemes between distant qubits. C1 [Moody, G.; McDonald, C.; Feldman, A.; Harvey, T.; Mirin, R. P.; Silverman, K. L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Silverman, KL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kevin.silverman@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 22 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 3 AR 037402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.037402 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DB5AH UT WOS:000368524500018 PM 26849614 ER PT J AU Rauer, B Grisins, P Mazets, IE Schweigler, T Rohringer, W Geiger, R Langen, T Schmiedmayer, J AF Rauer, B. Grisins, P. Mazets, I. E. Schweigler, T. Rohringer, W. Geiger, R. Langen, T. Schmiedmayer, J. TI Cooling of a One-Dimensional Bose Gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MANY-BODY SYSTEM; QUANTUM; HYDROGEN; ATOMS AB We experimentally study the dynamics of a degenerate one-dimensional Bose gas that is subject to a continuous outcoupling of atoms. Although standard evaporative cooling is rendered ineffective by the absence of thermalizing collisions in this system, we observe substantial cooling. This cooling proceeds through homogeneous particle dissipation and many-body dephasing, enabling the preparation of otherwise unexpectedly low temperatures. Our observations establish a scaling relation between temperature and particle number, and provide insights into equilibration in the quantum world. C1 [Rauer, B.; Grisins, P.; Mazets, I. E.; Schweigler, T.; Rohringer, W.; Geiger, R.; Langen, T.; Schmiedmayer, J.] TU Wien, Atominst, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, Stadionallee 2, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. [Mazets, I. E.] Wolfgang Pauli Inst, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Univ Geneva, Dept Quantum Matter Phys, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Observ Paris, SYRTE, 77 Ave Denfert Rochereau, F-75014 Paris, France. Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rauer, B (reprint author), TU Wien, Atominst, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, Stadionallee 2, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. EM brauer@ati.ac.at RI Schmiedmayer, Jorg/B-4717-2008; Mazets, Igor/D-4862-2011; Geiger, Remi/M-4231-2016 OI Schmiedmayer, Jorg/0000-0001-7799-5614; Mazets, Igor/0000-0002-3769-8313; Geiger, Remi/0000-0003-4678-7139 FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P22590-N16]; SFB FoQuS Project [F4010]; FWF through the Lise Meitner Programme [M-1423]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through a Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship; EU through the project SIQS; EU through the project ERC advance grant QuantumRelax FX We thank D. Adu Smith, M. Kuhnert, and M. Gring for contributions in the early stage of the experiment, and J. Walraven, A. Polkovnikov, E. Demler, and S. Weinfurtner for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through the project P22590-N16 and the SFB FoQuS Project F4010 and by the EU through the projects SIQS and the ERC advance grant QuantumRelax. B. R., P. G., and T. S. thank the FWF Doctoral Programme CoQuS (W1210). R. G. acknowledges support by the FWF through the Lise Meitner Programme M-1423. T. L. acknowledges support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through a Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 22 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 3 AR 030402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.030402 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DB5AH UT WOS:000368524500002 PM 26849577 ER PT J AU Wall, ML Koller, AP Li, SM Zhang, XB Cooper, NR Ye, J Rey, AM AF Wall, Michael L. Koller, Andrew P. Li, Shuming Zhang, Xibo Cooper, Nigel R. Ye, Jun Rey, Ana Maria TI Synthetic Spin-Orbit Coupling in an Optical Lattice Clock SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLOCK; EDGE STATES; FERMIONS; GASES AB We propose the use of optical lattice clocks operated with fermionic alkaline-earth atoms to study spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in interacting many-body systems. The SOC emerges naturally during the clock interrogation, when atoms are allowed to tunnel and accumulate a phase set by the ratio of the "magic" lattice wavelength to the clock transition wavelength. We demonstrate how standard protocols such as Rabi and Ramsey spectroscopy that take advantage of the sub-Hertz resolution of state-of-the-art clock lasers can perform momentum-resolved band tomography and determine SOC-induced s-wave collisions in nuclear-spin-polarized fermions. With the use of a second counterpropagating clock beam, we propose a method for engineering controlled atomic transport and study how it is modified by p-and s-wave interactions. The proposed spectroscopic probes provide clean and well-resolved signatures at current clock operating temperatures. C1 [Wall, Michael L.; Koller, Andrew P.; Li, Shuming; Zhang, Xibo; Ye, Jun; Rey, Ana Maria] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wall, Michael L.; Koller, Andrew P.; Li, Shuming; Zhang, Xibo; Ye, Jun; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wall, Michael L.; Koller, Andrew P.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Koller, Andrew P.; Li, Shuming; Zhang, Xibo; Ye, Jun; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cooper, Nigel R.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, TCM Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Zhang, Xibo] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Int Ctr Quantum Mat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Wall, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Wall, ML (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Wall, ML (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mwall.physics@gmail.com RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Cooper, Nigel/C-4909-2009 OI Cooper, Nigel/0000-0002-4662-1254 FU NSF [PIF-1211914, PFC-1125844]; AFOSR; AFOSR-MURI, NIST; ARO, EPSRC [EP/K030094/1]; JILA Visiting Fellows Program; NRC; U.S. Department of Defense through the NDSEG program FX We thank Ed Marti and James Thompson for their comments on the manuscript, and Leonid Isaev and the JILA Sr clock team for discussions. This work was supported by the NSF (Grants No. PIF-1211914 and No. PFC-1125844), AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI, NIST and ARO, EPSRC Grant No. EP/K030094/1, and the JILA Visiting Fellows Program. M. L. W. thanks the NRC postdoctoral fellowship program for support. A. K. was supported by the U.S. Department of Defense through the NDSEG program. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 22 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 3 AR 035301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.035301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DB5AH UT WOS:000368524500012 PM 26849600 ER PT J AU Ross, KA Krizan, JW Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Cava, RJ Broholm, CL AF Ross, K. A. Krizan, J. W. Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A. Cava, R. J. Broholm, C. L. TI Static and dynamic XY-like short-range order in a frustrated magnet with exchange disorder SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET AB A single crystal of the Co2+-based pyrochlore NaCaCo2F7 was studied by inelastic neutron scattering. This frustrated magnet with quenched exchange disorder remains in a strongly correlated paramagnetic state down to 1/60th of the Curie-Weiss temperature. Below T-f = 2.4 K, diffuse elastic scattering develops and comprises 30 +/- 10% of the total magnetic scattering, as expected for J(eff) = 1/2 moments frozen on a time scale that exceeds (h) over bar/delta E = 3.8 ps. The diffuse scattering is consistent with short range XY antiferromagnetism with a correlation length of 16 angstrom. The momentum (Q) dependence of the inelastic intensity indicates relaxing XY-like antiferromagnetic clusters at energies below similar to 5.5 meV, and collinear antiferromagnetic fluctuations above this energy. The relevant XY configurations form a continuous manifold of symmetry-related states. Contrary to well-known models that produce this continuous manifold, order-by-disorder does not select an ordered state in NaCaCo2F7 despite evidence for weak (similar to 12%) exchange disorder. Instead, NaCaCo2F7 freezes into short range ordered clusters that span this manifold. C1 [Ross, K. A.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.; Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.; Broholm, C. L.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krizan, J. W.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.] Univ Maryland, Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ross, KA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Ross, KA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Ross, KA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Ross, KA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013 OI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314 FU U.S. Department of Energy, office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) of Canada FX The authors gratefully acknowledge enlightening discussions with O. Tchernyshyov, J. T. Chalker, and J. W. Lynn. K.A.R. acknowledges the use of the SPINDIFF software package [ 31]. The bulk of the work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering under Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46544. In particular this included the crystal growth activities and neutron scattering experiments. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. K.A.R. was partially supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) of Canada. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 22 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 1 AR 014433 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.014433 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DB4KT UT WOS:000368482600002 ER PT J AU Godfrin, PD Zarraga, IE Zarzar, J Porcar, L Falus, P Wagner, NJ Liu, Y AF Godfrin, P. Douglas Zarraga, Isidro E. Zarzar, Jonathan Porcar, Lionel Falus, Peter Wagner, Norman J. Liu, Yun TI Effect of Hierarchical Cluster Formation on the Viscosity of Concentrated Monoclonal Antibody Formulations Studied by Neutron Scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN SOLUTIONS; SELF-ASSOCIATION; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; LYSOZYME SOLUTIONS; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; RHEOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; MICROSTRUCTURE; DISPERSIONS AB Recently, reversible cluster formation was identified as an underlying cause of anomalously large solution viscosities observed in some concentrated monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulations, which poses a major challenge to the use of subcutaneous injection for some mAbs. A fundamental understanding of the structural and dynamic origins of high viscosities in concentrated mAb solutions is thus of significant relevance to mAb applications in human health care, as well as being of scientific interest. Herein, we present a detailed investigation of an IgG1-based mAb to relate the short-time dynamics and microstructure to significant viscosity changes over a range of pharmaceutically relevant physiochemical conditions. The combination of light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, and neutron spin echo measurement techniques conclusively demonstrates that, upon addition of Na2SO4, these antibodies form strongly bound reversible dimers at dilute concentrations that interact with each other to form large, loosely bound, transient clusters when concentrated. This hierarchical structure formation in solution causes a significant increase in the solution viscosity. C1 [Godfrin, P. Douglas; Wagner, Norman J.; Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Zarraga, Isidro E.; Zarzar, Jonathan] Genentech Inc, Late Stage Pharmaceut Dev, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Porcar, Lionel; Falus, Peter] Inst Laue Langevin, 71 Ave Martyrs,CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.; Zarraga, IE (reprint author), Genentech Inc, Late Stage Pharmaceut Dev, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA.; Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zarraga.isidro@gene.com; yun.liu@nist.gov RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 FU Genentech Inc. FX This manuscript was prepared under cooperative agreements 70NANB12H239 and 70NANB10H256 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NIST or the U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors also recognize the financial support from Genentech Inc. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-1508249. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 21 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 2 BP 278 EP 291 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b07260 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DB8GJ UT WOS:000368754900002 PM 26707135 ER PT J AU Brown, LR Komoroske, LM Wagner, RW Morgan-King, T May, JT Connon, RE Fangue, NA AF Brown, Larry R. Komoroske, Lisa M. Wagner, R. Wayne Morgan-King, Tara May, Jason T. Connon, Richard E. Fangue, Nann A. TI Coupled Downscaled Climate Models and Ecophysiological Metrics Forecast Habitat Compression for an Endangered Estuarine Fish SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; CHANGE IMPACTS; CHANGE SCENARIOS; DELTA SMELT; THERMAL TOLERANCE; MARINE SYSTEMS; CALIFORNIA; STRESS; COASTAL; SALMON AB Climate change is driving rapid changes in environmental conditions and affecting population and species' persistence across spatial and temporal scales. Integrating climate change assessments into biological resource management, such as conserving endangered species, is a substantial challenge, partly due to a mismatch between global climate forecasts and local or regional conservation planning. Here, we demonstrate how outputs of global climate change models can be downscaled to the watershed scale, and then coupled with ecophysiological metrics to assess climate change effects on organisms of conservation concern. We employed models to estimate future water temperatures (2010-2099) under several climate change scenarios within the large heterogeneous San Francisco Estuary. We then assessed the warming effects on the endangered, endemic Delta Smelt, Hypomesus transpacificus, by integrating localized projected water temperatures with thermal sensitivity metrics (tolerance, spawning and maturation windows, and sublethal stress thresholds) across life stages. Lethal temperatures occurred under several scenarios, but sublethal effects resulting from chronic stressful temperatures were more common across the estuary (median > 60 days above threshold for > 50% locations by the end of the century). Behavioral avoidance of such stressful temperatures would make a large portion of the potential range of Delta Smelt unavailable during the summer and fall. Since Delta Smelt are not likely to migrate to other estuaries, these changes are likely to result in substantial habitat compression. Additionally, the Delta Smelt maturation window was shortened by 18-85 days, revealing cumulative effects of stressful summer and fall temperatures with early initiation of spring spawning that may negatively impact fitness. Our findings highlight the value of integrating sublethal thresholds, life history, and in situ thermal heterogeneity into global change impact assessments. As downscaled climate models are becoming widely available, we conclude that similar assessments at management-relevant scales will improve the scientific basis for resource management decisions. C1 [Brown, Larry R.; Morgan-King, Tara; May, Jason T.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Komoroske, Lisa M.] NOAA, Natl Res Council, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Komoroske, Lisa M.; Fangue, Nann A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wagner, R. Wayne] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX USA. [Connon, Richard E.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Brown, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. EM lrbrown@usgs.gov OI Wagner, Wayne/0000-0002-3978-2025 FU Priority Ecosystem Science Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey; Delta Stewardship Council through the Delta Science Program; University of California Agricultural Experiment Station [2098-H]; United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation [R12AP20018]; State and Federal Contractors Water Agency [201301957]; California Delta Stewardship Council [201015533]; California Sea Grant Delta Science Doctoral Fellowship [R/SF-56]; National Academies, National Research Council post-doctoral research fellowship FX Funding to LRB, TM-K, and JTM was provided by the Priority Ecosystem Science Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey, and by a grant from the Delta Stewardship Council through the Delta Science Program. This work represents contribution 69 of the "CASCaDE: Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem" project. This work was supported by the University of California Agricultural Experiment Station [grant number 2098-H to NAF], the United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation [contract number R12AP20018 to REC and NAF], the State and Federal Contractors Water Agency [grant number 201301957 to REC] and the California Delta Stewardship Council [contract number 201015533 to REC and NAF]. Partial funding was provided to LMK by the California Sea Grant Delta Science Doctoral Fellowship R/SF-56 and the National Academies, National Research Council post-doctoral research fellowship. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 21 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 AR e0146724 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0146724 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DB5CE UT WOS:000368530300011 PM 26796147 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Jensen, OP Rediske, RR O'Keefe, JP Vastano, AR Pothoven, SA AF Madenjian, Charles P. Jensen, Olaf P. Rediske, Richard R. O'Keefe, James P. Vastano, Anthony R. Pothoven, Steven A. TI Differences in Energy Expenditures and Growth Dilution Explain Higher PCB Concentrations in Male Summer Flounder SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONCENTRATIONS; SEXUAL DIFFERENCE; LAKE TROUT; PARALICHTHYS-DENTATUS; BIOENERGETICS MODELS; CONGENER DISTRIBUTIONS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; DIETARY UPTAKE AB Comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations between the sexes of mature fish may reveal important behavioral and physiological differences between the sexes. We determined whole-fish PCB concentrations in 23 female summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus and 27 male summer flounder from New Jersey coastal waters. To investigate the potential for differences in diet or habitat utilization between the sexes, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were also determined. In 5 of the 23 female summer flounder, PCB concentrations in the somatic tissue and ovaries were determined. In addition, we used bioenergetics modeling to assess the contribution of the growth dilution effect to the observed difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes. Whole-fish PCB concentrations for females and males averaged 87 and 124 ng/g, respectively; thus males were 43% higher in PCB concentration compared with females. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios did not significantly differ between the sexes, suggesting that diet composition and habitat utilization did not vary between the sexes. Based on PCB determinations in the somatic tissue and ovaries, we predicted that PCB concentration of females would increase by 0.6%, on average, immediately after spawning due to release of eggs. Thus, the change in PCB concentration due to release of eggs did not explain the higher PCB concentrations observed in males. Bioenergetics modeling results indicated that the growth dilution effect could account for males being 19% higher in PCB concentration compared with females. Thus, the bulk of the observed difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes was not explained by growth dilution. We concluded that a higher rate of energy expenditure in males, stemming from greater activity and a greater resting metabolic rate, was most likely the primary driver for the observed difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Jensen, Olaf P.; Vastano, Anthony R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Rediske, Richard R.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI USA. [O'Keefe, James P.] Michigan Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bur Labs, Lansing, MI USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov FU U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center; Rutgers University FX This work was supported by the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center to CPM and Rutgers University to OPJ. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 21 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 AR e0147223 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0147223 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DB5CE UT WOS:000368530300023 PM 26794728 ER PT J AU Tanaka, TL O'Leary, RM Perna, R AF Tanaka, Takamitsu L. O'Leary, Ryan M. Perna, Rosalba TI The imprint of the cosmic supermassive black hole growth history on the 21 cm background radiation SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE intergalactic medium; cosmology: theory; cosmology: dark ages, reionization, first stars ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY BINARIES; SIMILAR-TO 20; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; PRE-REIONIZATION ERA; HIGH-REDSHIFT; 1ST STARS; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; POPULATION-III; EARLY UNIVERSE AB The redshifted 21 cm transition line of hydrogen tracks the thermal evolution of the neutral intergalactic medium (IGM) at 'cosmic dawn', during the emergence of the first luminous astrophysical objects (similar to 100 Myr after the big bang) but before these objects ionized the IGM (similar to 400-800 Myr after the big bang). Because X-rays, in particular, are likely to be the chief energy courier for heating the IGM, measurements of the 21 cm signature can be used to infer knowledge about the first astrophysical X-ray sources. Using analytic arguments and a numerical population synthesis algorithm, we argue that the progenitors of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) should be the dominant source of hard astrophysical X-rays - and thus the primary driver of IGM heating and the 21 cm signature - at redshifts z >= 20, if (i) they grow readily from the remnants of Population III stars and (ii) produce X-rays in quantities comparable to what is observed from active galactic nuclei and high-mass X-ray binaries. We show that models satisfying these assumptions dominate over contributions to IGM heating from stellar populations, and cause the 21 cm brightness temperature to rise at z >= 20. An absence of such a signature in the forthcoming observational data would imply that SMBH formation occurred later (e.g. via so-called direct collapse scenarios), that it was not a common occurrence in early galaxies and protogalaxies, or that it produced far fewer X-rays than empirical trends at lower redshifts, either due to intrinsic dimness (radiative inefficiency) or Compton-thick obscuration close to the source. C1 [Tanaka, Takamitsu L.; Perna, Rosalba] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Tanaka, Takamitsu L.] NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [O'Leary, Ryan M.; Perna, Rosalba] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [O'Leary, Ryan M.; Perna, Rosalba] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tanaka, TL (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM takamitsu.tanaka@stonybrook.edu NR 100 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 21 PY 2016 VL 455 IS 3 BP 2619 EP 2626 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv2451 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DA7TX UT WOS:000368008200029 ER PT J AU Brierley, AS Clapham, PJ AF Brierley, Andrew S. Clapham, Phillip J. TI Japan's whaling is unscientific SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID WHALES C1 [Brierley, Andrew S.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Clapham, Phillip J.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Brierley, AS (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. EM asb4@st-andrews.ac.uk NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 21 PY 2016 VL 529 IS 7586 BP 283 EP 283 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DB2QT UT WOS:000368354800017 PM 26791711 ER PT J AU Hall, BL Timlin, MS Woloszyn, ME Zaloudek, ZA Hilberg, SD Guinan, PE Andresen, J Curtis, AC Wolf, R Spoden, PJ AF Hall, Beth L. Timlin, Michael S. Woloszyn, Mary E. Zaloudek, Zoe A. Hilberg, Steven D. Guinan, Patrick E. Andresen, Jeffrey Curtis, Allan C. Wolf, Ray Spoden, Patrick J. TI A Community Frost/Freeze Susceptibility Operational Guidance Tool SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Widespread frost or freeze events can cause extreme economic losses to the agriculture, horticulture, and nursery industries. Coordinated advance notice of an imminent freeze event can help minimize these losses. Forecasters can issue headlines ahead of these events if damage to susceptible vegetation is possible. Combining expertise among the forecasters and the vegetation specialists can provide a community collaborative opportunity that will inform the risks, susceptibility, and environmental conditions associated with frost and freeze impacts. The Midwestern Regional Climate Center has become the facilitator of this community collaboration effort through the development of the online Vegetation Impact Program and Frost/Freeze Guidance Project. This paper presents the development of these initiatives along with early results and findings. C1 [Hall, Beth L.; Timlin, Michael S.; Woloszyn, Mary E.; Zaloudek, Zoe A.; Hilberg, Steven D.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Water Survey, Midwestern Reg Climate Ctr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Guinan, Patrick E.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. [Andresen, Jeffrey] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Curtis, Allan C.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Des Moines, IA USA. [Wolf, Ray] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Davenport Quad Cities, IA USA. [Spoden, Patrick J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Paducah, KY USA. RP Hall, BL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM bethhall@illinois.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL WEATHER ASSOC PI NORMAN PA 350 DAVID L BOREN BLVD, STE 2750, NORMAN, OK USA SN 2325-6184 J9 J OPER METEOROL JI J. Oper. Meteorol. PD JAN 20 PY 2016 VL 3 IS 3 BP 21 EP 29 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH6KO UT WOS:000372899600001 ER PT J AU Sneden, C Cowan, JJ Kobayashi, C Pignatari, M Lawler, JE Den Hartog, EA Wood, MP AF Sneden, Christopher Cowan, John J. Kobayashi, Chiaki Pignatari, Marco Lawler, James E. Den Hartog, Elizabeth A. Wood, Michael P. TI IRON-GROUP ABUNDANCES IN THE METAL-POOR MAIN-SEQUENCE TURNOFF STAR HD 84937 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; Galaxy: evolution; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars: abundances; stars: individual (HD 84937); stars: Population II ID I OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; B-2-SIGMA(+)-X-2-SIGMA(+) VIOLET SYSTEMS; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; SINGLY IONIZED IRON; R-PROCESS-RICH; M-CIRCLE-DOT; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; LOG(GF) VALUES; FERRUM PROJECT AB We have derived new, very accurate abundances of the Fe-group elements Sc through Zn (Z = 21-30) in the bright main-sequence turnoff star HD 84937 based on high-resolution spectra covering the visible and ultraviolet spectral regions. New or recent laboratory transition data for 14 species of seven elements have been used. Abundances from more than 600 lines of non-Fe species have been combined with about 550 Fe lines in HD 84937 to yield abundance ratios of high precision. The abundances have been determined from both neutral and ionized transitions, which generally are in agreement with each other. We find no substantial departures from the standard LTE Saha ionization balance in this [Fe/H] = -2.32 star. Noteworthy among the abundances are [Co/Fe] = +0.14 and [Cu/Fe] = -0.83, in agreement with past studies of abundance trends in this and other low-metallicity stars, and <[Sc, Ti, V/Fe]> = +0.31, which has not been noted previously. A detailed examination of scandium, titanium, and vanadium abundances in large-sample spectroscopic surveys reveals that they are positively correlated in stars with [Fe/H] < -2; HD 84937 lies at the high end of this correlation. These trends constrain the synthesis mechanisms of Fe-group elements. We also examine the Galactic chemical evolution abundance trends of the Fe-group elements, including a new nucleosynthesis model with jet-like explosion effects. C1 [Sneden, Christopher] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, RLM 15308, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Sneden, Christopher] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cowan, John J.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kobayashi, Chiaki] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Pignatari, Marco] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Konkoly Observ, Konkoly Thege Miklos Ut 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. [Lawler, James E.; Den Hartog, Elizabeth A.; Wood, Michael P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pignatari, Marco] NuGrid Collaborat, Tokyo, Japan. [Wood, Michael P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sneden, C (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, RLM 15308, Austin, TX 78712 USA.; Sneden, C (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA.; Cowan, JJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Kobayashi, C (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England.; Lawler, JE; Den Hartog, EA; Wood, MP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Wood, MP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris@verdi.as.utexas.edu; jjcowan1@ou.edu; c.kobayashi@herts.ac.uk; jelawler@wisc.edu; eadenhar@wisc.edu; michael.wood@nist.gov OI Pignatari, Marco/0000-0002-9048-6010 FU NASA [NNX10AN93G]; NSF [AST-1211055, AST-1211585, PHY 09-22648, PHY-1430152]; JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements; National Science Foundation [PHY-1430152]; EU [MIRGCT-2006-046520]; "Lendlet" Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary); SNF (Switzerland) FX We thank Tim Beers, John Norris, Craig Wheeler, Ian Roederer, and David Yong for helpful discussions about this work. Our referee and Pat Scott made very useful comments on the submitted manuscript, which led to improvement in the paper. This work has been supported in part by NASA grant NNX10AN93G (J.E.L.), by NSF grant AST-1211055 (J.E.L.), and by NSF grant AST-1211585 (C.S.). J.J.C. was supported in part by the JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1430152. M.P. acknowledges significant support to NuGrid from NSF grants PHY 09-22648 (Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, JINA), NSF grant PHY-1430152 (JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements), and EU MIRGCT-2006-046520. M.P. acknowledges the support from the "Lendlet-2014" Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary) and from SNF (Switzerland). NR 126 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2016 VL 817 IS 1 AR 53 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/817/1/53 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DB9YA UT WOS:000368872400053 ER PT J AU Girouard, NM Xu, SH Schueneman, GT Shofner, ML Meredith, JC AF Girouard, Natalie M. Xu, Shanhong Schueneman, Gregory T. Shofner, Meisha L. Meredith, J. Carson TI Site-Selective Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Isophorone Diisocyanate and Formation of Polyurethane-CNC Composites SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE cellulose nanocrystal; nanoparticle modification; isocyanate chemistry; thermal stability; polyurethane; polymer nanocomposite; dispersion; mechanical properties ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DRYING METHOD; NANOCOMPOSITES; CRYSTALLINITY; WHISKERS; NANOCELLULOSE; PERFORMANCE; NANOFIBERS; EXTRUSION; EMULSIONS AB The unequal reactivity of the two isocyanate groups in an isophorone diisocyante (IPDI) monomer was exploited to yield modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with both urethane and isocyanate functionality. The chemical functionality of the modified CNCs was verified with ATR-FTIR analysis and elemental analysis. The selectivity for the secondary isocyanate group using dibutyl tin dilaurate (DBTDL) as the reaction catalyst was confirmed with C-13 NMR. The modified CNCs showed improvements in the onset of thermal degradation by 35 degrees C compared to the unmodified CNCs. Polyurethane composites based on IPDI and a trifunctional polyether alcohol were synthesized using unmodified (um-CNC) and modified CNCs (m-CNC). The degree of nanoparticle dispersion was qualitatively assessed with polarized optical microscopy. It was found that the modification step facilitated superior nanoparticle dispersion compared to the um-CNCs, which resulted in increases in the tensile strength and work of fracture of over 200% compared to the neat matrix without degradation of elongation at break. C1 [Girouard, Natalie M.; Meredith, J. Carson] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Shofner, Meisha L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Shofner, Meisha L.; Meredith, J. Carson] Georgia Inst Technol, Renewable Bioprod Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Xu, Shanhong] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schueneman, Gregory T.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Meredith, JC (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM carson.meredith@chbe.gatech.edu RI Meredith, Carson/B-3323-2009 OI Meredith, Carson/0000-0003-2519-5003 FU USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) FX The authors of this paper would like to thank the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) for their financial support and collaboration. The authors thank J. Leisen of Georgia Inst. of Technology for the NMR measurements and discussions, Prof. E. Mintz of Clark Atlanta Univ. for useful discussions, D. Sherman of DS imaging West Lafayette, IN, for the TEM imaging of the CNCs, and R. Reiner and A. Rudie of the Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, for providing CNCs for this research. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JAN 20 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 BP 1458 EP 1467 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b10723 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DB6UL UT WOS:000368651100046 PM 26713564 ER PT J AU Bedford, NM Hughes, ZE Tang, ZH Li, Y Briggs, BD Ren, Y Swihart, MT Petkov, VG Naik, RR Knecht, MR Walsh, TR AF Bedford, Nicholas M. Hughes, Zak E. Tang, Zhenghua Li, Yue Briggs, Beverly D. Ren, Yang Swihart, Mark T. Petkov, Valeri G. Naik, Rajesh R. Knecht, Marc R. Walsh, Tiffany R. TI Sequence-Dependent Structure/Function Relationships, of Catalytic Peptide-Enabled Gold Nanoparticles Generated under Ambient Synthetic Conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; BINDING PEPTIDES; NANOMATERIAL SYNTHESIS; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR; MEDIATED SYNTHESIS; REPLICA EXCHANGE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; RECOGNITION AB Peptide-enabled nanoparticle (NP) synthesis routes can create and/or assemble functional nanomaterials under environmentally friendly conditions, with properties dictated by complex interactions at the biotic/abiotic interface. Manipulation of this interface through sequence modification can provide the capability for material properties to be tailored to create enhanced materials for energy, catalysis, and sensing applications. Fully realizing the potential of these materials requires a comprehensive understanding of sequence-dependent structure/function relationships that is presently lacking. In this work, the atomic-scale structures of a series of peptide-capped Au NPs are determined using a combination of atomic pair distribution function analysis of high-energy X-ray diffraction data and advanced molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The Au NPs produced with different peptide sequences exhibit varying degrees of catalytic activity for the exemplar reaction 4-nitrophenol reduction. The experimentally derived atomic-scale NP configurations reveal sequence-dependent differences in structural order at the NP surface. Replica exchange with solute-tempering MD simulations are then used to predict the morphology of the peptide overlayer on these Au NPs and identify factors determining the structure/catalytic properties relationship. We show that the amount of exposed Au surface, the underlying surface structural disorder, and the interaction strength of the peptide with the Au surface all influence catalytic performance. A simplified computational prediction of catalytic performance is developed that can potentially serve as a screening tool for future studies. Our approach provides a platform for broadening the analysis of catalytic peptide-enabled metallic NP systems, potentially allowing for the development of rational design rules for property enhancement. C1 [Bedford, Nicholas M.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Briggs, Beverly D.; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Hughes, Zak E.; Walsh, Tiffany R.] Deakin Univ, Inst Frontier Mat, Geelong, Vic 3216, Australia. [Tang, Zhenghua] S China Univ Technol, Guangzhou Higher Educ Mega Ctr, New Energy Res Inst, Sch Environm & Energy, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Li, Yue; Swihart, Mark T.] SUNY Buffalo, Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Petkov, Valeri G.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48858 USA. RP Bedford, NM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Bedford, NM; Naik, RR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Bedford, NM; Knecht, MR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA.; Walsh, TR (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Inst Frontier Mat, Geelong, Vic 3216, Australia. EM nicholas.bedford@nist.gov; rajesh.naik@us.af.mil; knecht@miami.edu; tiffany.walsh@deakin.edu.au RI Tang, Zhenghua/H-3436-2011; Swihart, Mark/A-3182-2008; Walsh, Tiffany/C-2667-2009; Hughes, Zak/B-9835-2017 OI Tang, Zhenghua/0000-0003-0718-3164; Swihart, Mark/0000-0002-9652-687X; Walsh, Tiffany/0000-0002-0233-9484; Hughes, Zak/0000-0003-2166-9822 FU Air Force Office for Scientific Research (AFOSR LRIR) [FA9550-12-1-0226]; DOE-BES [DE-SC0006877]; National Research Council; veski; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was partially supported by the Air Force Office for Scientific Research (M.R.K. and T.R.W., Grant No. FA9550-12-1-0226; R.R.N., AFOSR LRIR) and DOE-BES grant DE-SC0006877 (V.G.P.). N.M.B. acknowledges fellowship support from the National Research Council Research Associateship award during the initial experiments of this study. T.R.W. thanks veski for an Innovation Fellowship. T.R.W. and Z.E.H. gratefully acknowledge the National Computing Infrastructure (NCI) for access to supercomputing resources. Access to beamline 11-ID-C of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, is greatly appreciated. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 30 U2 77 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 20 PY 2016 VL 138 IS 2 BP 540 EP 548 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b09529 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DB5OF UT WOS:000368562800014 PM 26679562 ER PT J AU Ding, C Guo, SL Zhao, Y Man, HY Fu, LC Gu, YL Wang, ZY Liu, L Frandsen, BA Cheung, S Uemura, YJ Goko, T Luetkens, H Morenzoni, E Zhao, Y Ning, FL AF Ding, Cui Guo, Shengli Zhao, Yao Man, Huiyuan Fu, Licheng Gu, Yilun Wang, Zhouyang Liu, L. Frandsen, B. A. Cheung, S. Uemura, Y. J. Goko, T. Luetkens, H. Morenzoni, E. Zhao, Yang Ning, F. L. TI The synthesis and characterization of 1 1 1 1 type diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor (La1-xCax)(Zn1-xMnx)AsO SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE DMS; ferromagnetic order; muSR; carrier doping ID MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; CURIE-TEMPERATURE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; CUMN; FE AB We report the synthesis and characterization of a bulk form diluted magnetic semiconductor, (La1-xCax)(Zn1-yMny) AsO, with a layered crystal structure isostructural to that of the 1 1 1 1 type Fe-based high-temperature superconductor LaFeAsO and the antiferromagnetic LaMnAsO. With Ca and Mn codoping into LaZnAsO, the ferromagnetic ordering occurs below the Curie temperature T-C similar to 30 K. Taking advantage of the decoupled charge and spin doping, we investigate the influence of carrier concentration on the ferromagnetic ordering state. For a fixed Mn concentration of 10%, TC increases from 24 K to 30 K when the Ca concentration increases from 5% to 10%. Further increase of Ca concentration reduces both the coercive field and saturation moment. Muon spin relaxation measurements confirm the ferromagnetically ordered state, and clearly demonstrate that (La1-xCax)(Zn1-yMny) AsO shares a common mechanism for the ferromagnetic exchange interaction with (Ga, Mn) As. Neutron scattering measurements show no structural transition in (La0.90Ca0.10)(Zn0.90Mn0.10) AsO below 300 K. C1 [Ding, Cui; Guo, Shengli; Zhao, Yao; Man, Huiyuan; Fu, Licheng; Gu, Yilun; Wang, Zhouyang; Ning, F. L.] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Ding, Cui; Guo, Shengli; Zhao, Yao; Man, Huiyuan; Fu, Licheng; Gu, Yilun; Wang, Zhouyang; Ning, F. L.] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Liu, L.; Frandsen, B. A.; Cheung, S.; Uemura, Y. J.; Goko, T.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Goko, T.; Luetkens, H.; Morenzoni, E.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spect, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Zhao, Yang] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ning, FL (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.; Ning, FL (reprint author), Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM ningfl@zju.edu.cn RI Luetkens, Hubertus/G-1831-2011 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2014CB921203]; NSF of China [11274268, 11574265]; Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LR15A040001]; Columbia by the U.S. NSF PIRE (Partnership for International Research and Education) [OISE-0968226]; JAEA Reimei Project at IOP, Columbia, PSI; CMREF grant [NSF DMR-1436095]; [DMR-1105961] FX The work at Zhejiang was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2014CB921203), NSF of China (No. 11274268 and 11574265), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LR15A040001); at Columbia by the U.S. NSF PIRE (Partnership for International Research and Education, Grant No. OISE-0968226) and Grant No. DMR-1105961 and CMREF grant no. NSF DMR-1436095; the JAEA Reimei Project at IOP, Columbia, PSI. F L Ning acknowledges helpful discussions with C Q Jin. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 20 PY 2016 VL 28 IS 2 AR 026003 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/28/2/026003 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DB7VK UT WOS:000368724600017 PM 26679223 ER PT J AU Huang, K Le Jeannic, H Verma, VB Shaw, MD Marsili, F Nam, SW Wu, E Zeng, H Morin, O Laurat, J AF Huang, K. Le Jeannic, H. Verma, V. B. Shaw, M. D. Marsili, F. Nam, S. W. Wu, E. Zeng, H. Morin, O. Laurat, J. TI Experimental quantum state engineering with time-separated heraldings from a continuous-wave light source: A temporal-mode analysis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON SOURCE; HYBRID ENTANGLEMENT; INFORMATION; GENERATION; WAVELENGTH; DETECTOR AB Conditional preparation is a well-established technique for quantum state engineering of light. A general trend is to increase the number of heralding detection events in such a realization to reach larger photon-number states or their arbitrary superpositions. In contrast to pulsed implementations, where detections only occur within the pulse window, for continuous-wave light the temporal separation of the conditioning detections is an additional degree of freedom and a critical parameter. Based on a theoretical study by Nielsen and Molmer [A. E. B. Nielsen and K. Molmer, Phys. Rev. A 75, 043801 (2007)] and on a continuous-wave two-mode squeezed vacuum from a nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator, we experimentally investigate the generation of two-photon state with tunable delay between the heralding events. The present work illustrates the temporal multimode features in play for conditional state generation based on continuous-wave light sources and quantifies the compromise between preparation rate and fidelity in this scenario. C1 [Huang, K.; Le Jeannic, H.; Morin, O.; Laurat, J.] Univ Paris 04, UPMC, CNRS,Coll France, Lab Kastler Brossel,ENS PSL Res Univ, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. [Huang, K.; Wu, E.; Zeng, H.] E China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Verma, V. B.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shaw, M. D.; Marsili, F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Morin, O.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Laurat, J (reprint author), Univ Paris 04, UPMC, CNRS,Coll France, Lab Kastler Brossel,ENS PSL Res Univ, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. EM julien.laurat@upmc.fr RI LAURAT, Julien /A-8542-2011; MORIN, Olivier/A-1075-2017 OI LAURAT, Julien /0000-0001-8318-6514; FU European Research Council (Starting Grant HybridNet); Defense Advanced Research Project Agency Information in a Photon (InPho); QUINESS programs; China Scholarship Council FX This work was supported by the European Research Council (Starting Grant HybridNet). Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. V.B.V. and S.W.N. acknowledge partial funding for detector development from the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency Information in a Photon (InPho) and QUINESS programs. K.H. was supported by the China Scholarship Council. J.L. is a member of the Institut Universitaire de France. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 20 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 1 AR 013838 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.013838 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DB4HI UT WOS:000368473700012 ER PT J AU Ade, PAR Ahmed, Z Aikin, RW Alexander, KD Barkats, D Benton, SJ Bischoff, CA Bock, JJ Bowens-Rubin, R Brevik, JA Buder, I Bullock, E Buza, V Connors, J Crill, BP Duband, L Dvorkin, C Filippini, JP Fliescher, S Grayson, J Halpern, M Harrison, S Hilton, GC Hui, H Irwin, KD Karkare, KS Karpel, E Kaufman, JP Keating, BG Kefeli, S Kernasovskiy, SA Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leitch, EM Lueker, M Megerian, KG Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Orlando, A Pryke, C Richter, S Schwarz, R Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, ZK Steinbach, B Sudiwala, RV Teply, GP Thompson, KL Tolan, JE Tucker, C Turner, AD Vieregg, AG Weber, AC Wiebe, DV Willmert, J Wong, CL Wu, WLK Yoon, KW AF Ade, P. A. R. Ahmed, Z. Aikin, R. W. Alexander, K. D. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Bowens-Rubin, R. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Buza, V. Connors, J. Crill, B. P. Duband, L. Dvorkin, C. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Grayson, J. Halpern, M. Harrison, S. Hilton, G. C. Hui, H. Irwin, K. D. Karkare, K. S. Karpel, E. Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kefeli, S. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Megerian, K. G. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, A. Pryke, C. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Steinbach, B. Sudiwala, R. V. Teply, G. P. Thompson, K. L. Tolan, J. E. Tucker, C. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Weber, A. C. Wiebe, D. V. Willmert, J. Wong, C. L. Wu, W. L. K. Yoon, K. W. CA Keck Array Collaboration BICEP2 Collaboration TI Improved Constraints on Cosmology and Foregrounds from BICEP2 and Keck Array Cosmic Microwave Background Data with Inclusion of 95 GHz Band SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID B-MODE POLARIZATION; SCALES; MAPS AB We present results from an analysis of all data taken by the BICEP2 and Keck Array cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiments up to and including the 2014 observing season. This includes the first Keck Array observations at 95 GHz. The maps reach a depth of 50 nK deg in Stokes Q and U in the 150 GHz band and 127 nK deg in the 95 GHz band. We take auto-and cross-spectra between these maps and publicly available maps from WMAP and Planck at frequencies from 23 to 353 GHz. An excess over lensed Lambda CDM is detected at modest significance in the 95 x 150 BB spectrum, and is consistent with the dust contribution expected from our previous work. No significant evidence for synchrotron emission is found in spectra such as 23 x 95, or for correlation between the dust and synchrotron sky patterns in spectra such as 23 x 353. We take the likelihood of all the spectra for a multicomponent model including lensed Lambda CDM, dust, synchrotron, and a possible contribution from inflationary gravitational waves (as parametrized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio r) using priors on the frequency spectral behaviors of dust and synchrotron emission from previous analyses of WMAP and Planck data in other regions of the sky. This analysis yields an upper limit r(0.05) < 0.09 at 95% confidence, which is robust to variations explored in analysis and priors. Combining these B-mode results with the (more model-dependent) constraints from Planck analysis of CMB temperature plus baryon acoustic oscillations and other data yields a combined limit r(0.05) < 0.07 at 95% confidence. These are the strongest constraints to date on inflationary gravitational waves. C1 [Ade, P. A. R.; Sudiwala, R. V.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Ahmed, Z.; Irwin, K. D.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ahmed, Z.; Grayson, J.; Irwin, K. D.; Karpel, E.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Aikin, R. W.; Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Filippini, J. P.; Hui, H.; Kefeli, S.; Lueker, M.; O'Brient, R.; Orlando, A.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Steinbach, B.; Teply, G. P.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Alexander, K. D.; Barkats, D.; Bischoff, C. A.; Bowens-Rubin, R.; Buder, I.; Buza, V.; Connors, J.; Harrison, S.; Karkare, K. S.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; Vieregg, A. G.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Bock, J. J.; Crill, B. P.; Megerian, K. G.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Turner, A. D.; Weber, A. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bullock, E.; Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Buza, V.; Dvorkin, C.; Kovac, J. M.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Duband, L.] CEA Grenoble, Serv Basses Temp, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Fliescher, S.; Pryke, C.; Schwarz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.; Willmert, J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Halpern, M.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kaufman, J. P.; Keating, B. G.; Orlando, A.; Teply, G. P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Leitch, E. M.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Netterfield, C. B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kovac, JM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Pryke, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.; Kovac, JM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Pryke, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM jmkovac@cfa.harvard.edu; pryke@physics.umn.edu OI Barkats, Denis/0000-0002-8971-1954; Weber, Alfons/0000-0002-8222-6681; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 FU National Science Foundation [ANT-1145172, ANT-1145143, ANT-1145248]; Keck Foundation; JPL Research and Technology Development Fund; NASA [06-ARPA206-0040, 10-SAT10-0017]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation at Caltech; Canada Foundation for Innovation grant; U.S. DOE Office of Science FX The Keck Array project has been made possible through support from the National Science Foundation under Grants No. ANT-1145172 (Harvard), No. ANT-1145143 (Minnesota), and No. ANT-1145248 (Stanford), and from the Keck Foundation (Caltech). The development of antenna-coupled detector technology was supported by the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund and Grants No. 06-ARPA206-0040 and No. 10-SAT10-0017 from the NASA APRA and SAT programs. The development and testing of focal planes were supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation at Caltech. Readout electronics were supported by a Canada Foundation for Innovation grant to UBC. The computations in this Letter were run on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard University. The analysis effort at Stanford and SLAC is partially supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Science. We thank the staff of the U.S. Antarctic Program and, in particular, the South Pole Station without whose help this research would not have been possible. Most special thanks go to Robert Schwarz and Steffen Richter. We thank all those who have contributed past efforts to the BICEP-Keck Array series of experiments, including the BICEP1 team. We also thank the Planck and WMAP teams for the use of their data. NR 27 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 3 AR 031302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.031302 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DB4ZX UT WOS:000368523400001 PM 26849583 ER PT J AU Zhu, JS Kumar, A Huang, BH Balmaseda, MA Hu, ZZ Marx, L Kinter, JL AF Zhu, Jieshun Kumar, Arun Huang, Bohua Balmaseda, Magdalena A. Hu, Zeng-Zhen Marx, Lawrence Kinter, James L., III TI The role of off-equatorial surface temperature anomalies in the 2014 El Nino prediction SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC; FORECAST SYSTEM; ENSO PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERE; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; EVENTS; OSCILLATION; IMPACTS AB The 2014 El Nino, anticipated to be a strong event in early 2014, turned out to be fairly weak. In early 2014, the tropical Pacific exhibited persistent negative SST anomalies in the southeastern Pacific and positive SST anomalies in north, following the pattern of the Southern Pacific Meridional Mode. In this study, we explored the role of the off-equatorial SST anomalies in the 2014 prediction. Our experiments show that 40% of the amplitude error at the peak phase could be attributed to the lack of prediction of negative SST anomalies in the southeastern Pacific. However, the impact of this model error is partially compensated by the absence of the positive SST anomalies in the tropical western North Pacific in the model. The model response to the amplitude of negative southeastern Pacific SST anomalies is nonlinear in terms of equatorial warming, because the enhanced meridional pressure gradient forces very strong meridional winds without accelerating the zonal wind component near the equator. Our study suggests that reliable forecasts of ENSO strongly rely on correctly modeling the meridional SST gradient, as well as its delicate feedback with the zonal (ENSO) mode. C1 [Zhu, Jieshun; Kumar, Arun; Hu, Zeng-Zhen] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhu, Jieshun] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Huang, Bohua; Marx, Lawrence; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Balmaseda, Magdalena A.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. RP Zhu, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jieshun.zhu@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office and Climate Observation Division; NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX We thank NOAA's Climate Program Office and Climate Observation Division for their support. B.H., L.M. and J.K. are supported by grants from NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JAN 20 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 19677 DI 10.1038/srep19677 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DB2UR UT WOS:000368365900001 PM 26785846 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DW Coleman, T Gottas, DJ Lefebvre, T AF Reynolds, David W. Coleman, Timothy Gottas, Daniel J. Lefebvre, Thomas TI Utilization of Real-Time Vineyard Observations to Produce Downscaled Temperature Forecasts for Frost Protection Operations SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CONSENSUS; MODEL AB Continued drought in California, along with a threatened and endangered salmon population, has required the state of California to control Russian River water usage to protect young, budding winegrape vines during spring frosts. Improved forecasts of the location and duration of frost with increased lead time at individual vineyards could reduce the number of hours of spraying required. In addition, better forecasts could assure adequate supplies of water in off-stream storage systems, reducing demands on tributaries and the threat of fish kills. An automated digital forecast system has been developed and is running routinely to provide vineyard-specific temperature forecasts to growers, commercial frost forecasters, and water managers. The system is based on the use of a high-resolution terrain grid and focuses on real-time hourly observations from 72 vineyards located within the Russian River Basin. The National Weather Service's (NWS) Graphical Forecast Editor software is configured with a 0.32 km x 0.74 km grid spacing, and an objective analysis tool is used to generate a high-resolution observation grid of temperature, dewpoint, and relative humidity-along with computed wet-bulb temperature. The minimum values of each of these parameters also are computed. These observed grids are used, in turn, to bias correct the gridded numerical model and model output statistics guidance grids, as well as the NWS official forecast grids, using a 30-day regression of forecast versus observed values. Verification shows that for the overnight lows (<= 2 degrees C), the bias correction improves skill in overnight minimum temperature forecasts by a factor of 3-4 for most forecast guidance used. C1 [Reynolds, David W.; Coleman, Timothy] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gottas, Daniel J.; Lefebvre, Thomas] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Reynolds, DW (reprint author), 12 Skyline Crest, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM David.Reynolds@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL WEATHER ASSOC PI NORMAN PA 350 DAVID L BOREN BLVD, STE 2750, NORMAN, OK USA SN 2325-6184 J9 J OPER METEOROL JI J. Oper. Meteorol. PD JAN 19 PY 2016 VL 4 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH6MJ UT WOS:000372904500001 ER PT J AU Harke, MJ Davis, TW Watson, SB Gobler, CJ AF Harke, Matthew J. Davis, Timothy W. Watson, Susan B. Gobler, Christopher J. TI Nutrient-Controlled Niche Differentiation of Western Lake Erie Cyanobacterial Populations Revealed via Metatranscriptomic Surveys SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA PCC-7806; BLOOM-FORMING CYANOBACTERIUM; RNA-SEQ DATA; FRESH-WATER; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; HARMFUL CYANOBACTERIUM; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; MARINE VIRUSES; ALGAL BLOOMS AB Although toxic cyanobacterial blooms in western Lake Erie threaten drinking water supplies and are promoted by nutrient loading, the precise nutrient regime that selects specific cyanobacteria populations is poorly understood. Here, we assess shifts in cyanobacterial abundances and global gene-expression patterns in response to natural and manipulated gradients in nitrogen and phosphorus to identify gene pathways that facilitate dominance by different cyanobacteria. Gradients in soluble reactive phosphorus shaped cyanobacterial communities and elicited the largest transcriptomic responses. Under high-P conditions (closest to the mouth of the Maumee River), Anabaena and Planktothrix were the dominant cyanobacterial populations, and experimental P and ammonium enrichment promoted nitrogen fixation gene (nifH) expression in Anabaena. For Microcystis, experimental additions of P up-regulated genes involved in phage defense, genomic rearrangement, and nitrogen acquisition but led to lower abundances. Within offshore, low-P regions of the western basin of Lake Erie, Microcystis up-regulated genes associated with P scavenging (pstSCAB, phoX) and dominated cyanobacterial communities. Experimental additions of ammonium and urea did not alter Microcystis abundances but did up-regulate protease inhibitors (aer and mcn gene sets) and microcystin synthetase genes (mcy), with urea enrichment yielding significant increases in microcystin concentrations. Our findings suggest that management plans that reduce P loads alone may not significantly reduce the risk of cyanobacterial blooms in western Lake Erie but rather may promote a shift among cyanobacterial populations (Microcystis, Anabaena, and Planktothrix) toward a greater dominance by toxic strains of Microcystis. C1 [Harke, Matthew J.; Gobler, Christopher J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Davis, Timothy W.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Watson, Susan B.] Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Gobler, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM christopher.gobler@stonybrook.edu FU NOAA-ECOHAB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA10NOS4780140] FX We thank Jennifer Goleski for analytical assistance, the captains and crew of the research vessels R/V Erie Monitor and CGS Limnos, and the support staff of The Ohio State University Franz Theodore Stone Laboratory. This work was supported by the NOAA-ECOHAB program being funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research under award no. NA10NOS4780140 to Stony Brook University. This study is GLERL contribution number 1790 to the EC Great Lakes Nutrient Initiative (GLNI) and ECOHAB contribution number ECO841. NR 81 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 17 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 19 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 2 BP 604 EP 615 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b03931 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DB5OL UT WOS:000368563400010 PM 26654276 ER PT J AU Zengel, S Montague, CL Pennings, SC Powers, SP Steinhoff, M Fricano, G Schlemme, C Zhang, MN Oehrig, J Nixon, Z Rouhani, S Michel, J AF Zengel, Scott Montague, Clay L. Pennings, Steven C. Powers, Sean P. Steinhoff, Marla Fricano, Gail Schlemme, Claire Zhang, Mengni Oehrig, Jacob Nixon, Zachary Rouhani, Shahrokh Michel, Jacqueline TI Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on Salt Marsh Periwinkles (Littoraria irrorata) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; TOP-DOWN CONTROL; LITTORINA-IRRORATA; SOUTH-CAROLINA; EFFECT SIZE; VEGETATION; PREDATION; RECOVERY; DECOMPOSITION; GASTROPODA AB Deepwater Horizon was the largest marine oil spill in U.S. waters, oiling large expanses of coastal wetland shorelines. We compared marsh periwinkle (Littoraria irrorata) density and shell length at salt marsh sites with heavy oiling to reference conditions similar to 16 months after oiling. We also compared periwinkle density and size among oiled sites with and without shoreline cleanup treatments. Densities of periwinkles were reduced by 80-90% at the oiled marsh edge and by 50% in the oiled marsh interior (similar to 9 m inland) compared to reference, with greatest numerical losses of periwinkles in the marsh interior, where densities were naturally higher. Shoreline cleanup further reduced adult snail density as well as snail size. Based on the size of adult periwinkles observed coupled with age and growth information, population recovery is projected to take several years once oiling and habitat conditions in affected areas are suitable to support normal periwinkle life-history functions. Where heavily oiled marshes have experienced accelerated erosion as a result of the spill, these habitat impacts would represent additional losses of periwinkles. Losses of marsh periwinkles would likely affect other ecosystem processes and attributes, including organic matter and nutrient cycling, marsh-estuarine food chains, and multiple species that prey on periwinkles. C1 [Zengel, Scott] RPI, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [Montague, Clay L.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pennings, Steven C.] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Powers, Sean P.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Powers, Sean P.] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Steinhoff, Marla] NOAA, Assessment & Restorat Div, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Fricano, Gail; Schlemme, Claire] IEc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Zhang, Mengni; Oehrig, Jacob; Rouhani, Shahrokh] NewFields, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. [Nixon, Zachary; Michel, Jacqueline] RPI, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. RP Zengel, S (reprint author), RPI, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. EM szengel@researchplanning.com FU NOAA Assessment and Restoration Division FX Funding for the authors was provided through the NOAA Assessment and Restoration Division. This paper relies on data collected as part of investigations being conducted cooperatively among NOAA, other Federal and State natural resource agencies, and BP as part of the Deepwater Horizon NRDA. The opinions in the paper are those of the authors and not necessarily of all participants in the cooperative studies upon which the paper is based. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 14 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 19 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 2 BP 643 EP 652 DI 10.1021/acs.est5b04371 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DB5OL UT WOS:000368563400014 PM 26713547 ER PT J AU Betowski, D Bevington, C Allison, TC AF Betowski, Don Bevington, Charles Allison, Thomas C. TI Estimation of Radiative Efficiency of Chemicals with Potentially Significant Global Warming Potential SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; INFRARED INTENSITIES; GREENHOUSE GASES; CFC SUBSTITUTES; HYDROFLUOROETHERS AB Halogenated chemical substances are used in a broad array of applications, and new chemical substances are continually being developed and introduced into commerce. While recent research has considerably increased our understanding of the global warming potentials (GWPs) of multiple individual chemical substances, this research inevitably lags behind the development of new chemical substances. There are currently over 200 substances known to have high GWP. Evaluation of schemes to estimate radiative efficiency (RE) based on computational chemistry are useful where no measured IR spectrum is available. This study assesses the reliability of values of RE calculated using computational chemistry techniques for 235 chemical substances against the best available values. Computed vibrational frequency data is used to estimate RE values using several Pinnock-type models, and reasonable agreement with reported values is found. Significant improvement is obtained through scaling of both vibrational frequencies and intensities. The effect of varying the computational method and basis set used to calculate the frequency data is discussed. It is found that the vibrational intensities have a strong dependence on basis set and are largely responsible for differences in computed RE values. C1 [Betowski, Don] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Bevington, Charles] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 7408M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Allison, Thomas C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Betowski, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM betowski.don@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Jeff Yang and Lindsay Stanek of the U.S. EPA for thoughtful reviews of this work and Deborah Ottinger, Margaret Sheppard, Carol Hetfield also of the U.S. EPA for help in defining the scope of this work. We would also like to acknowledge the computer time at the Environmental Modeling and Visualization Laboratory provided for this project. This work is an official contribution of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the National Institute of Standards and Technology and is not subject to copyright in the United States. The information in this document has been funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by EPA or NIST for use. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 19 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 2 BP 790 EP 797 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b04154 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DB5OL UT WOS:000368563400030 PM 26647007 ER PT J AU Senigaglia, V Christiansen, F Bejder, L Gendron, D Lundquist, D Noren, DP Schaffar, A Smith, JC Williams, R Martinez, E Stockin, K Lusseau, D AF Senigaglia, V. Christiansen, F. Bejder, L. Gendron, D. Lundquist, D. Noren, D. P. Schaffar, A. Smith, J. C. Williams, R. Martinez, E. Stockin, K. Lusseau, D. TI Meta-analyses of whale-watching impact studies: comparisons of cetacean responses to disturbance SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Animal behavior; Disturbance response; Ecotourism; Activity budget; Random effect models; Odontocetes; Mysticetes ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; KILLER WHALES; ORCINUS-ORCA; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; MINKE WHALES; TOUR BOATS; DISRUPTS; WILDLIFE; INCREASE AB Whale-watching activities can induce behavioral changes that may negatively affect cetacean populations. However, these changes may vary depending on species, populations and environmental features. It is important to determine inter-specific variation in cetacean responses to stressors in order to identify the best metrics for evaluation of consequences of anthropogenic disturbance. We used meta-analyses to assess the consistency of cetacean responses to whale-watching vessels across a pool of suitable studies covering a variety of species and sites. We analyzed several metrics to capture cetacean heterogeneous responses and to explore their reliability across species. We found disruptions of activity budget and of path directionality as the most consistent responses towards whale-watching vessels. In a similar manner across species, animals were more likely to travel and less likely to rest and forage in the presence of vessels. Cetaceans also showed a tendency to increase path sinuosity (deviation index) and decrease path linearity (directness index) during boat interactions. We also explored the influence of socio-ecological factors on behavioral response but found no consistent results among studies. Further population-specific studies should address the potential long-term consequences of these behavioral responses to inform management of the whale-watching industry. C1 [Senigaglia, V.; Lusseau, D.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Christiansen, F.] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Warrnambool, Vic 3280, Australia. [Christiansen, F.; Bejder, L.] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Life Sci, Cetacean Res Unit, South St, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Gendron, D.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, AP 592, La Paz 23000, Baja California, Mexico. [Lundquist, D.] Univ Otago, Dept Anat, Lindo Ferguson Bldg, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Noren, D. P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Schaffar, A.] Operat Cetaces, BP 12827, Noumea 98802, New Caledonia. [Smith, J. C.] Naked Whale Res, POB 78, Crescent Mills, CA 95934 USA. [Williams, R.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Martinez, E.; Stockin, K.] Massey Univ, Inst Nat & Math Sci, Coastal Marine Res Grp, Private Bag 102904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand. RP Senigaglia, V (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. EM valeria.senigaglia@gmail.com RI Bejder, Lars/D-1772-2017; OI Bejder, Lars/0000-0001-8138-8606; Lusseau, David/0000-0003-1245-3747 FU International Whaling Commission; Scottish Funding Council [HR09011] FX The International Whaling Commission funded this study through a grant assigned to D.L. D.L. was also funded by the Scottish Funding Council for funding through grant HR09011 to the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland. While writing the manuscript, V.S. was sponsored by a Fulbright scholarship. We thank the many people that replied to the 2 MAR-MAM calls and Dr. Stankowich for his previous comments on the manuscript. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 22 U2 63 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD JAN 19 PY 2016 VL 542 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.3354/meps11497 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DC0QN UT WOS:000368922900019 ER PT J AU Fleisher, AJ Long, DA Liu, QN Hodges, JT AF Fleisher, Adam J. Long, David A. Liu, Qingnan Hodges, Joseph T. TI Precision interferometric measurements of mirror birefringence in high-finesse optical resonators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; CAVITY-RING; EVANESCENT-WAVE; FABRY-PEROT; GAS-PHASE; ELLIPSOMETRY; NOISE; LASER; STABILIZATION; POLARIMETRY AB High-finesse optical resonators found in ultrasensitive laser spectrometers utilize supermirrors ideally consisting of isotropic high-reflectivity coatings. Strictly speaking, however, the optical coatings are often nonuniformly stressed during the deposition process and therefore do possess some small amount of birefringence. When physically mounted the cavity mirrors can be additionally stressed in such a way that large optical birefringence is induced. Here we report a direct measurement of optical birefringence in a two-mirror Fabry-Perot cavity with R = 99.99% by observing TEM00 mode beating during cavity decays. Experiments were performed at a wavelength of 4.53 mu m, with precision limited by both quantum and technical noise sources. We report a splitting of delta(nu) = 618(1) Hz, significantly less than the intrinsic cavity line width of delta(cav) approximate to 3 kHz. With a cavity free spectral range of 96.9 MHz, the equivalent fractional change in mirror refractive index due to birefringence is therefore Delta n/n = 6.38(1) x 10(-6). C1 [Fleisher, Adam J.; Long, David A.; Liu, Qingnan; Hodges, Joseph T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fleisher, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adam.fleisher@nist.gov RI Fleisher, Adam/A-4215-2012 OI Fleisher, Adam/0000-0001-9216-0607 FU NIST Innovation in Measurement Science award FX We thank Dr. Stephen Maxwell of the NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory for early discussions regarding supermirror birefringence. We acknowledge financial support from a NIST Innovation in Measurement Science award. Any mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 19 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 1 AR 013833 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.013833 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DB4HH UT WOS:000368473600018 ER PT J AU Braumuller, J Sandberg, M Vissers, MR Schneider, A Schlor, S Grunhaupt, L Rotzinger, H Marthaler, M Lukashenko, A Dieter, A Ustinov, AV Weides, M Pappas, DP AF Braumueller, Jochen Sandberg, Martin Vissers, Michael R. Schneider, Andre Schloer, Steffen Gruenhaupt, Lukas Rotzinger, Hannes Marthaler, Michael Lukashenko, Alexander Dieter, Amadeus Ustinov, Alexey V. Weides, Martin Pappas, David P. TI Concentric transmon qubit featuring fast tunability and an anisotropic magnetic dipole moment SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CIRCUITS AB We present a planar qubit design based on a superconducting circuit that we call concentric transmon. While employing a straightforward fabrication process using Al evaporation and lift-off lithography, we observe qubit lifetimes and coherence times in the order of 10 mu s. We systematically characterize loss channels such as incoherent dielectric loss, Purcell decay and radiative losses. The implementation of a gradiometric SQUID loop allows for a fast tuning of the qubit transition frequency and therefore for full tomographic control of the quantum circuit. Due to the large loop size, the presented qubit architecture features a strongly increased magnetic dipole moment as compared to conventional transmon designs. This renders the concentric transmon a promising candidate to establish a site-selective passive direct (Z) over cap coupling between neighboring qubits, being a pending quest in the field of quantum simulation. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Braumueller, Jochen; Schneider, Andre; Schloer, Steffen; Gruenhaupt, Lukas; Rotzinger, Hannes; Lukashenko, Alexander; Dieter, Amadeus; Ustinov, Alexey V.; Weides, Martin] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Phys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Sandberg, Martin; Vissers, Michael R.; Pappas, David P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marthaler, Michael] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Ustinov, Alexey V.] Natl Univ Sci & Technol, MISIS, Moscow 119049, Russia. [Weides, Martin] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Braumuller, J (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Phys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM jochen.braumueller@kit.edu RI Ustinov, Alexey/J-4663-2015; Weides, Martin/C-1470-2009; OI Weides, Martin/0000-0002-2718-6795; Schneider, Andre/0000-0002-6471-7006; Grunhaupt, Lukas/0000-0002-4341-5228 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [WE4359/7-1]; DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures National Service Laboratory (CFN-NSL); Ministry for Education and Science of the Russian Federation [11.G34.31.0062]; NUST MISIS [K2-2014-025]; Helmholtz International Research School for Teratronics (HIRST); Landesgraduiertenforderung (LGF) of the federal state Baden-Wurttemberg FX The authors are grateful for valuable discussions about two-level defects with C. Muller and J. Lisenfeld. We want to thank L. Radtke for assistance in sample fabrication and S. T. Skacel for providing microwave simulations. This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within Project No. WE4359/7-1 and through the DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures National Service Laboratory (CFN-NSL). This work was also supported in part by the Ministry for Education and Science of the Russian Federation Grant No. 11.G34.31.0062 and by NUST MISIS under Contract No. K2-2014-025. J.B. acknowledges financial support by the Helmholtz International Research School for Teratronics (HIRST) and the Landesgraduiertenforderung (LGF) of the federal state Baden-Wurttemberg. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 3 AR 032601 DI 10.1063/1.4940230 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH8PB UT WOS:000373055500033 ER PT J AU Caliga, SC Straatsma, CJE Zozulya, AA Anderson, DZ AF Caliga, Seth C. Straatsma, Cameron J. E. Zozulya, Alex A. Anderson, Dana Z. TI Principles of an atomtronic transistor SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomtronics; transistor; current gain; negative transconductance ID IRREVERSIBLE-PROCESSES; RECIPROCAL RELATIONS AB A semiclassical formalism is used to investigate the transistor-like behavior of ultracold atoms in a triple-well potential. Atom current flows from the source well, held at fixed chemical potential and temperature, into an empty drain well. In steady-state, the gate well located between the source and drain is shown to acquire a well-defined chemical potential and temperature, which are controlled by the relative height of the barriers separating the three wells. It is shown that the gate chemical potential can exceed that of the source and have a lower temperature. In electronics terminology, the source-gate junction can be reverse-biased. As a result, the device exhibits regimes of negative resistance and transresistance, indicating the presence of gain. Given an external current input to the gate, transistor-like behavior is characterized both in terms of the current gain, which can be greater than unity, and the power output of the device. C1 [Caliga, Seth C.; Straatsma, Cameron J. E.; Anderson, Dana Z.] Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Caliga, Seth C.; Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Caliga, Seth C.; Anderson, Dana Z.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Straatsma, Cameron J. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zozulya, Alex A.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP Anderson, DZ (reprint author), Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Anderson, DZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Anderson, DZ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dana@jila.colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-14-1-0327]; National Science Foundation [PHY1125844]; Charles Stark Draper Laboratories [SC001-0000000759] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-14-1-0327), the National Science Foundation (PHY1125844), and by the Charles Stark Draper Laboratories (SC001-0000000759). NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JAN 18 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 015012 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/1/015012 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DG8WW UT WOS:000372365300001 ER PT J AU Basso, LS Gatti, LV Gloor, M Miller, JB Domingues, LG Correia, CSC Borges, VF AF Basso, Luana S. Gatti, Luciana V. Gloor, Manuel Miller, John B. Domingues, Lucas G. Correia, Caio S. C. Borges, Viviane F. TI Seasonality and interannual variability of CH4 fluxes from the eastern Amazon Basin inferred from atmospheric mole fraction profiles SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE methane; Amazon; greenhouse gas; methane flux ID GLOBAL FIRE EMISSIONS; METHANE EMISSIONS; CARBON; FOREST; BUDGET; CO2 AB The Amazon Basin is an important region for global CH4 emissions. It hosts the largest area of humid tropical forests, and around 20% of this area is seasonally flooded. In a warming climate it is possible that CH4 emissions from the Amazon will increase both as a result of increased temperatures and precipitation. To examine if there are indications of first signs of such changes we present here a 13year (2000-2013) record of regularly measured vertical CH4 mole fraction profiles above the eastern Brazilian Amazon, sensitive to fluxes from the region upwind of Santarem (SAN), between SAN and the Atlantic coast. Using a simple mass balance approach, we find substantial CH4 emissions with an annual average flux of 52.86.8mg CH4 m(-2)d(-1) over an area of approximately 1x10(6)km(2). Fluxes are highest in two periods of the year: in the beginning of the wet season and during the dry season. Using a CO:CH4 emission factor estimated from the profile data, we estimated a contribution of biomass burning of around 15% to the total flux in the dry season, indicating that biogenic emissions dominate the CH4 flux. This 13year record shows that CH4 emissions upwind of SAN varied over the years, with highest emissions in 2008 (around 25% higher than in 2007), mainly during the wet season, representing 19% of the observed global increase in this year. C1 [Basso, Luana S.; Gatti, Luciana V.; Domingues, Lucas G.; Correia, Caio S. C.; Borges, Viviane F.] Comissao Nacl Energia Nucl, Inst Pesquisas Energet & Nucl, Atmospher Chem Lab, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Gloor, Manuel] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Miller, John B.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Basso, LS (reprint author), Comissao Nacl Energia Nucl, Inst Pesquisas Energet & Nucl, Atmospher Chem Lab, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM luanabasso@gmail.com RI Gatti, Luciana/J-8569-2012; Domingues, Lucas/E-4730-2015; Borges, Viviane/A-8613-2016 OI Domingues, Lucas/0000-0003-4868-917X; FU NASA [S-10137, S-71307, NNG06GE14A]; FAPESP [08/58120-3]; NERC AMAZONICA consortium grant [NE/F005806/1]; CNPq; CAPES; IPEN; NERC [NE/K01353X/1] FX The data for this paper are available at https://www.dropbox.com/sh/qi7soa7 ejtczwto/AACDE2IVpFqUITQE1iQNQEZBa?dl=0. This long-term research has been financed primary by NASA interagency agreements S-10137 and S-71307 and grant NNG06GE14A to J. B. M. (2000-2009) and after that by FAPESP (2009-2014) project (08/58120-3) and by NERC (2014-2015) AMAZONICA consortium grant NE/F005806/1. NASA, NOAA, and IPEN made large contributions to the construction and maintenance of the GHG laboratory in Brazil. L. S. B. and V. F. B. were supported by FAPESP and CNPq, and L. G. D. and C. S. C. C. are supported by CAPES, IPEN, and CNPq. M. G. were supported by NERC (grant NE/K01353X/1). We thank Alexandre Martinewski and Monica T. S. D'Amelio for help with analyses during this long-term study. We thank measurement analysts and scientists at NOAA for providing data, the pilots who collected the air samples, numerous people at NOAA, especially Ed Dlugokencky, A. Crotwell, Kirk W. Thoning, Doug Guenther, and Pieter Tans, for providing data, advice, and technical support for air analysis system in Brazil. We thank the NOAA/ESRL/GMD team, especially Ed Dlugokencky and Paul Novelli for data from Ascension Island and Ragged Point in Barbados. We thank INMET for the meteorological data and CPTEC/INPE for the fire count data. We also thank J. Melack for help and comments about wetland emissions. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 168 EP 184 DI 10.1002/2015JD023874 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD3TH UT WOS:000369845300011 ER PT J AU Huang, M Lee, P McNider, R Crawford, J Buzay, E Barrick, J Liu, YL Krishnan, P AF Huang, Min Lee, Pius McNider, Richard Crawford, James Buzay, Eric Barrick, John Liu, Yuling Krishnan, Praveena TI Temporal and spatial variability of daytime land surface temperature in Houston: Comparing DISCOVER-AQ aircraft observations with the WRF model and satellites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE land surface temperature; DISCOVER-AQ Houston; WRF model; GOES; MODIS; VIIRS ID URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; UNITED-STATES; PART I; DATA ASSIMILATION; DIURNAL CYCLES; PARAMETERIZATION; IMPLEMENTATION; SEVERITY; DROUGHT; CLIMATE AB Based on a semiempirical diurnal temperature cycle model and aircraft observations taken at different times of the day, daytime land surface temperature (LST) is derived at six locations in the Greater Houston area on the least cloudy day during NASA's DISCOVER-AQ (Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality) field campaign in September 2013. The aircraft-derived daytime LSTs show ranges (max-min) of 11-25 degrees K varying by location, with the daily maxima occurring near 1300-1400 local time. Two Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations that were configured differently are compared with these aircraft-derived LST, indicating location- and time-dependent performance. The NOAA GOES geostationary satellite observed similar LST spatial patterns in Houston to those in finer resolution from two polar-orbiting satellite instruments (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite), and it provided useful information of the LST temporal variability missing from the polar-orbiting satellite products. However, spatial- and time-varying discrepancies are found among LSTs from these various platforms, which are worth further evaluation in order to benefit model evaluation and improvement. The aircraft and satellite LSTs are overall anticorrelated with satellite vegetation indexes. This emphasizes the importance of vegetation cover in urban planning due to its cooling effect and further impact on biogenic emissions and regional air quality. The approaches shown in this study are also suitable for applications under cloudless conditions at other locations and times, such as during the remaining DISCOVER-AQ deployments conducted in three other populated regions with diverse land uses. C1 [Huang, Min; Lee, Pius] NOAA, OAR, ARL Headquarter, College Pk, MD USA. [Huang, Min] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [McNider, Richard] Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Crawford, James; Barrick, John] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Buzay, Eric] Univ N Dakota, Natl Suborbital Educ & Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Barrick, John] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Liu, Yuling] NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. [Liu, Yuling] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Krishnan, Praveena] NOAA, OAR, ARL, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Krishnan, Praveena] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, ARL Headquarter, College Pk, MD USA.; Huang, M (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM mhuang10@gmu.edu RI Krishnan, Praveena/F-8169-2010 FU Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) FX We thank the contributions from Y. Wu, K. Doty (U Alabama), and P. Winter (Wintronics). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. The preparation of this paper was financed through a grant from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), administered by The University of Texas through the Air Quality Research Program. The contents, findings, opinions, and conclusions are the work of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the findings, opinions, or conclusions of the TCEQ. The open access to the used aircraft and satellite data is acknowledged: DISCOVER-AQ P-3B (http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ArcView/discover-aq.tx-2013), doi: 10.5067/Aircraft/DISCOVER-AQ/Aerosol-TraceGas; GSIP (http://www.class.ngdc.noaa.gov/saa/products/search?datatype_family=GSIP ); MODIS (https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/data/); VIIRS (http://www.class.ngdc.noaa.gov/saa/products/search?sub_id=0&datatype_fa mily=VIIRS_EDR&submit.x=17&submit.y=9). The WRF model output can be made available upon request. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1002/2015JD023996 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD3TH UT WOS:000369845300012 ER PT J AU Xia, YL Cosgrove, BA Mitchell, KE Peters-Lidard, CD Ek, MB Kumar, S Mocko, D Wei, HL AF Xia, Youlong Cosgrove, Brian A. Mitchell, Kenneth E. Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Ek, Michael B. Kumar, Sujay Mocko, David Wei, Helin TI Basin-scale assessment of the land surface energy budget in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational and research NLDAS-2 systems SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE NLDAS-2 system; evaluation of energy budget components; River Forecast Center; land surface models; Surface Radiation Budget; sensible and latent heat flux ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SOIL-MOISTURE; WATER-BALANCE; BIOSPHERE MODEL; RIVER-BASIN; CLIMATE; REANALYSIS; PRODUCTS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TEMPERATURE AB This paper compares the annual and monthly components of the simulated energy budget from the North American Land Data Assimilation System phase 2 (NLDAS-2) with reference products over the domains of the 12 River Forecast Centers (RFCs) of the continental United States (CONUS). The simulations are calculated from both operational and research versions of NLDAS-2. The reference radiation components are obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Surface Radiation Budget product. The reference sensible and latent heat fluxes are obtained from a multitree ensemble method applied to gridded FLUXNET data from the Max Planck Institute, Germany. As these references are obtained from different data sources, they cannot fully close the energy budget, although the range of closure error is less than 15% for mean annual results. The analysis here demonstrates the usefulness of basin-scale surface energy budget analysis for evaluating model skill and deficiencies. The operational (i.e., Noah, Mosaic, and VIC) and research (i.e., Noah-I and VIC4.0.5) NLDAS-2 land surface models exhibit similarities and differences in depicting basin-averaged energy components. For example, the energy components of the five models have similar seasonal cycles, but with different magnitudes. Generally, Noah and VIC overestimate (underestimate) sensible (latent) heat flux over several RFCs of the eastern CONUS. In contrast, Mosaic underestimates (overestimates) sensible (latent) heat flux over almost all 12 RFCs. The research Noah-I and VIC4.0.5 versions show moderate-to-large improvements (basin and model dependent) relative to their operational versions, which indicates likely pathways for future improvements in the operational NLDAS-2 system. C1 [Xia, Youlong; Ek, Michael B.; Wei, Helin] NCEP, EMC, College Pk, MD USA. [Xia, Youlong; Wei, Helin] NCEP EMC, IM SystemGrp IMSG, College Pk, MD USA. [Cosgrove, Brian A.] Natl Water Ctr, Natl Weather Serv NWS, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Mitchell, Kenneth E.] Prescient Weather Ltd, State Coll, PA USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa D.; Kumar, Sujay; Mocko, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kumar, Sujay; Mocko, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Xia, YL (reprint author), NCEP, EMC, College Pk, MD USA.; Xia, YL (reprint author), NCEP EMC, IM SystemGrp IMSG, College Pk, MD USA. EM youlong.xia@noaa.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU NOAA Climate Program Office MAPP program FX We thank Martin Jung of the Maxi Planck Institute for providing the MTE SH and LH data and the NASA Langley Research Center for providing the SRB satellite radiation observations. We also thank Yu-Tai Hou at NCEP/EMC, Jiafu Mao at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. This work was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office MAPP program. NLDAS-2 products can be freely obtained from both the NCEP/EMC ftp site (ftp://ldas.ncep.noaa.gov/nldas2/retrospective/) and the NASA NLDAS website (http://ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov/nldas/NLDASnews.php). The NASA GEWEX/SRB radiation products can be obtained from the NASA website (http://gewex-srb.larc.nasa.gov/). The gridded FLUXNET sensible and latent heat flux products, including their uncertainty estimates, can be obtained (via Martin Jung) from https://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/geodb/projects/Home.php. These websites serve as valuable resources for readers and data users who seek to leverage these data sets to perform research investigations. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 196 EP 220 DI 10.1002/2015JD023889 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD3TH UT WOS:000369845300013 ER PT J AU Zhang, YJ Gao, ZQ Pan, ZT Li, D Wan, BC AF Zhang, Yuanjie Gao, Zhiqiu Pan, Zaitao Li, Dan Wan, Bingcheng TI Record-breaking temperatures in China during the warming and recent hiatus periods SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE record-breaking temperatures; warming hiatus; temperature extremes; climate simulation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; EASTERN CHINA; HEAT WAVES; INCREASE; TREND; CMIP5; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY; SUMMER AB The observed and modeled record-breaking temperature (RBT) frequency in China is analyzed for different segments of the period 1961-2050 including the hiatus period. It is found that significant changes in the RBT frequency occurred earlier, with greater amplitude, for daily minimum temperatures (TN) compared to maximum temperatures (TX) during the past five decades. Changes in the RBT frequency can be mostly explained by the mean warming trend, especially for TN, while in summer also slightly by variance. Moreover, mean climate change affects more the multiday mean RBT than the single-day counterpart as RBT occurrence is inversely proportional to variance that is smaller for multiday means. In the hiatus period (1998-2013), the ratios of record highs to lows in summer continue to increase in southern China primarily due to the lower frequency of record lows, since the decreasing temperature variance suppressed the increase in record highs under the summer warming. While the winter ratios decreased significantly across most of the country due to the winter cooling. Model simulations show a much smaller asymmetry of the RBT frequency between TX and TN as compared to the observations. The 28-model median overestimates the ratios for TX owning to missing the relative cooling in the warming hole region and is unable to reproduce the RBT characteristics in the hiatus period. Under a high-emission scenario, increasing rates of future temperature extremes are projected to accelerate with almost doubling ratio trends in the first half of 21st century compared to the historical results. C1 [Zhang, Yuanjie; Gao, Zhiqiu] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yuanjie; Pan, Zaitao] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Gao, Zhiqiu; Wan, Bingcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Dan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Gao, ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM zgao@mail.iap.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41475085, 41275022]; National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973) [2012CB417203]; International S&T Cooperation Program of China (ISTCP) [2011DFG23210]; Graduate Education Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province [KYLX_0849] FX This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants 41475085 and 41275022, the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973) under grant 2012CB417203, the International S&T Cooperation Program of China (ISTCP) under grant 2011DFG23210, and Graduate Education Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province KYLX_0849. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP5 multimodel data set (http://pcmdi9.llnl.gov/esgf-web-fe/). The observed temperatures were obtained from National Meteorological Information Center of China Meteorological Administration (http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/home.do). We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their careful review and valuable comments, which led to a substantial improvement of this manuscript. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 241 EP 258 DI 10.1002/2015JD023886 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD3TH UT WOS:000369845300015 ER PT J AU Berg, LK Fast, JD Barnard, JC Burton, SP Cairns, B Chand, D Comstock, JM Dunagan, S Ferrare, RA Flynn, CJ Hair, JW Hostetler, CA Hubbe, J Jefferson, A Johnson, R Kassianov, EI Kluzek, CD Kollias, P Lamer, K Lantz, K Mei, F Miller, MA Michalsky, J Ortega, I Pekour, M Rogers, RR Russell, PB Redemann, J Sedlacek, AJ Segal-Rosenheimer, M Schmid, B Shilling, JE Shinozuka, Y Springston, SR Tomlinson, JM Tyrrell, M Wilson, JM Volkamer, R Zelenyuk, A Berkowitz, CM AF Berg, Larry K. Fast, Jerome D. Barnard, James C. Burton, Sharon P. Cairns, Brian Chand, Duli Comstock, Jennifer M. Dunagan, Stephen Ferrare, Richard A. Flynn, Connor J. Hair, Johnathan W. Hostetler, Chris A. Hubbe, John Jefferson, Anne Johnson, Roy Kassianov, Evgueni I. Kluzek, Celine D. Kollias, Pavlos Lamer, Katia Lantz, Kathleen Mei, Fan Miller, Mark A. Michalsky, Joseph Ortega, Ivan Pekour, Mikhail Rogers, Ray R. Russell, Philip B. Redemann, Jens Sedlacek, Arthur J., III Segal-Rosenheimer, Michal Schmid, Beat Shilling, John E. Shinozuka, Yohei Springston, Stephen R. Tomlinson, Jason M. Tyrrell, Megan Wilson, Jacqueline M. Volkamer, Rainer Zelenyuk, Alla Berkowitz, Carl M. TI The Two-Column Aerosol Project: Phase IOverview and impact of elevated aerosol layers on aerosol optical depth SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol; optical depth; measurements; layers ID OBSERVATIONAL EXPERIMENT TARFOX; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; IN-SITU CHARACTERIZATION; MID-ATLANTIC COAST; MASS-SPECTROMETER; UNITED-STATES; SPLAT II; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULTANEOUS RETRIEVAL; VERTICAL STRUCTURE AB The Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP), conducted from June 2012 through June 2013, was a unique study designed to provide a comprehensive data set that can be used to investigate a number of important climate science questions, including those related to aerosol mixing state and aerosol radiative forcing. The study was designed to sample the atmosphere between and within two atmospheric columns; one fixed near the coast of North America (over Cape Cod, MA) and a second moveable column over the Atlantic Ocean several hundred kilometers from the coast. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF) was deployed at the base of the Cape Cod column, and the ARM Aerial Facility was utilized for the summer and winter intensive observation periods. One important finding from TCAP is that four of six nearly cloud-free flight days had aerosol layers aloft in both the Cape Cod and maritime columns that were detected using the nadir pointing second-generation NASA high-spectral resolution lidar (HSRL-2). These layers contributed up to 60% of the total observed aerosol optical depth (AOD). Many of these layers were also intercepted by the aircraft configured for in situ sampling, and the aerosol in the layers was found to have increased amounts of biomass burning material and nitrate compared to aerosol found near the surface. In addition, while there was a great deal of spatial and day-to-day variability in the aerosol chemical composition and optical properties, no systematic differences between the two columns were observed. C1 [Berg, Larry K.; Fast, Jerome D.; Chand, Duli; Comstock, Jennifer M.; Flynn, Connor J.; Hubbe, John; Kassianov, Evgueni I.; Kluzek, Celine D.; Mei, Fan; Pekour, Mikhail; Schmid, Beat; Shilling, John E.; Tomlinson, Jason M.; Wilson, Jacqueline M.; Zelenyuk, Alla; Berkowitz, Carl M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Barnard, James C.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Burton, Sharon P.; Ferrare, Richard A.; Hair, Johnathan W.; Hostetler, Chris A.; Rogers, Ray R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Cairns, Brian] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Dunagan, Stephen; Johnson, Roy; Russell, Philip B.; Redemann, Jens] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Jefferson, Anne; Michalsky, Joseph] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Jefferson, Anne; Lantz, Kathleen; Ortega, Ivan; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kollias, Pavlos; Lamer, Katia] McGill Univ, Deprt Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Mei, Fan; Sedlacek, Arthur J., III; Springston, Stephen R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Miller, Mark A.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Ortega, Ivan; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Segal-Rosenheimer, Michal; Shinozuka, Yohei] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, CREST BAER, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Tyrrell, Megan] Natl Pk Serv, Wellfleet, MA USA. RP Berg, LK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Larry.Berg@pnnl.gov RI Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Shilling, John/L-6998-2015; OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Shilling, John/0000-0002-3728-0195; Mei, Fan/0000-0003-4285-2749; Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program; U.S. DOE [DE-SC0006080]; DOE by the Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-A06-76RLO 1830]; NOAA GOES-R Cal/Val Activities within NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service FX TCAP would not have been possible without the contributions of a large number of individuals, including the G-1 flight crew (M. Hubbell, W. Svancara, J. Hone, and E. Dukes), King Air flight crew (R. Yasky, L. Kagey, M. Wusk, D. Bowser, S. Sims, D. Riddick, and G. Slover), staff from the Cape Cod National Seashore (Superintendent G. Price, L. McKean, C. Skowron, and B. Dougan), Cape Cod National Seashore Atlantic Research and Learning Center, and the radiosonde launch team from the Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies (M. Dunn, S. Greene, C. Hudak, L. Ludwig, J. Melander, D. Minsky, K. Shorr, S. Sollog, D. Towler, E. Larson, D. Dionne, and C. Skowron). The NOAA-MFRSR measurements were supported by NOAA GOES-R Cal/Val Activities within NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. This research was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) and Atmospheric System Research (ASR) programs. RV acknowledges financial support from U.S. DOE award DE-SC0006080. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by DOE by the Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-A06-76RLO 1830. Data used in this manuscript are available from the ARM data archive (www.archive.arm.gov) or from the corresponding author. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 336 EP 361 DI 10.1002/2015JD023848 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD3TH UT WOS:000369845300021 ER PT J AU Ohata, S Schwarz, JP Moteki, N Koike, M Takami, A Kondo, Y AF Ohata, Sho Schwarz, Joshua P. Moteki, Nobuhiro Koike, Makoto Takami, Akinori Kondo, Yutaka TI Hygroscopicity of materials internally mixed with black carbon measured in Tokyo SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE black carbon; hygroscopicity; SP2 ID LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; PARTICLE SOOT PHOTOMETER; MIXING STATE; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; SUBMICRON PARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AMMONIUM-SULFATE; GROWTH; WATER AB Black carbon (BC) aerosols become internally mixed with non-BC compounds (BC coatings) during aging in the atmosphere. In this study, we measured the hygroscopicity parameter on a single-particle basis for both BC-coating materials ((BC-coat)) and BC-free particles ((BC-free)) in the urban atmosphere of Tokyo, using a single-particle soot photometer (SP2). In our measurement system, dry ambient particles were first mass selected by an aerosol particle mass analyzer, then humidified, and then passed to the SP2 for detection of their refractory BC mass content and optical diameter. A quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer was also employed to interpret the hygroscopicity data. During the observation period, the measured (BC-coat) generally agreed with (BC-free) to within 25% and was usually in typical range for inorganic and organic aerosols. These results indicate that BC-coating materials and BC-free particles in Tokyo usually had similar chemical compositions, internal mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds, even in a source region. However, occasionally (BC-coat) was much higher than (BC-free) values, when the mass concentrations of BC and organic aerosols were poorly correlated. This indicates external mixing of BC-containing and BC-free particles from different sources. These findings improve our understanding of the cloud condensation nuclei activity of BC-containing particles, which strongly influences their wet removal, and optical properties in the ambient air. C1 [Ohata, Sho; Moteki, Nobuhiro; Koike, Makoto] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Schwarz, Joshua P.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Takami, Akinori] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Reg Environm Res, Reg Atmospher Environm Sect, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Kondo, Yutaka] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. RP Ohata, S (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 113, Japan. EM ohata@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT); Japanese Ministry of the Environment [A-1101, 2-1403]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI [12J06736, 23221001]; GRENE Arctic Climate Change Research Project; Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), the global environment research fund of the Japanese Ministry of the Environment (A-1101 and 2-1403), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grants 12J06736 and 23221001, and the GRENE Arctic Climate Change Research Project, and the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project. The authors thank T. Miyoshi and H. Nara for operating an AMS during the field campaign in Tokyo and M. Irwin for laboratory support. The data used in this study will be available upon request to the authors (ohata@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp). NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 362 EP 381 DI 10.1002/2015JD024153 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD3TH UT WOS:000369845300022 ER PT J AU Parrish, DD Galbally, IE Lamarque, JF Naik, V Horowitz, L Shindell, DT Oltmans, SJ Derwent, R Tanimoto, H Labuschagne, C Cupeiro, M AF Parrish, D. D. Galbally, I. E. Lamarque, J. -F. Naik, V. Horowitz, L. Shindell, D. T. Oltmans, S. J. Derwent, R. Tanimoto, H. Labuschagne, C. Cupeiro, M. TI Seasonal cycles of O-3 in the marine boundary layer: Observation and model simulation comparisons SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE seasonal cycle; ozone; marine boundary layer; model-measurement comparison ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; SURFACE OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NORTHERN MIDLATITUDES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CAM-CHEM; AIR; EMISSIONS; MAXIMUM; WEST AB We present a two-step approach for quantitatively comparing modeled and measured seasonal cycles of O-3: (1) fitting sine functions to monthly averaged measurements and model results (i.e., deriving a Fourier series expansion of these results) and (2) comparing the phase and amplitude of the statistically significant terms between the models and measurements. Two and only two sine terms are sufficient to quantify the O-3 seasonal cycle in the marine boundary layer (MBL) in both the measurements and the model results. In addition to the expected fundamental (one sine cycle per year), a second harmonic term (i.e., two sine cycles per year) is identified as a ubiquitous feature of O-3 in the MBL. Three chemistry climate models (Community Atmosphere Model with chemistry, GFDL-CM3, and GISS-E2-R) approximately reproduce many features of the measured seasonal cycles at MBL surface sites throughout the globe, with some notable quantitative disagreements, but give divergent results that do not agree with O-3 sonde measurements above the MBL. This disagreement and divergence of results between models indicate that the treatment of the MBL dynamics in the chemistry-climate models is not adequate to reproduce the isolation of the MBL indicated by the observations. Within the MBL the models more accurately reproduce the second harmonic term than the fundamental term. We attribute the second harmonic term to the second harmonic of opposite phase in the photolysis rate of O-3, while the fundamental term evidently has many influences. The parameters derived from the Fourier series expansion of the measurements are quantitative metrics that can serve as the basis for future model-measurement comparisons. C1 [Parrish, D. D.] NOAA, ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Parrish, D. D.; Oltmans, S. J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Galbally, I. E.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, PMB1, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Naik, V.] UCAR NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Shindell, D. T.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, ESRL Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Derwent, R.] Rdscientific, Newbury, Berks, England. [Tanimoto, H.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Labuschagne, C.] South African Weather Serv, Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Cupeiro, M.] Estac GAW Ushuaia, Serv Meteorol Nacl, Ushuaia, Argentina. RP Parrish, DD (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA.; Parrish, DD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM David.D.Parrish@noaa.gov RI Tanimoto, Hiroshi/E-6779-2010; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Galbally, Ian/E-5852-2011; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Tanimoto, Hiroshi/0000-0002-5424-9923; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Galbally, Ian/0000-0003-2383-1360; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Derwent, Richard/0000-0003-4498-645X FU National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy; NOAA's Climate Base Funds; Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program FX The CESM project (which includes the CAM-chem model) is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy. NCAR is operated by the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The authors are grateful to P. G. Simmonds and T. G Spain for providing the Mace Head data and to A. J. Manning for sorting the Mace Head data into baseline and nonbaseline observations. D. Parrish acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Base Funds and the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program. All of the observational data and model results are archived by the authors. Sources for observational data: Cape Grim, Australia-I. Galbally (Ian.Galbally@csiro.au); Mace Head-D. Derwent (r.derwent@btinternet.com); Storhofdi, Iceland, Trinidad Head, U.S., Samoa, Arrival Heights, Antarctica, Ragged Point, Barbados, and Tudor Hill, Bermuda-NOAA/GMD data archive (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/ftpdata.html); Pacific MBL-D. Parrish (david.d.parrish@noaa.gov); Japanese MBL-H. Tanimoto (tanimoto@nies.go.jp); Ushuaia, Argentina-M. Cuperio (mcupeiro@smn.gov.ar); and Cape Point, South Africa-C. Labuschagne (casper.labuschagne@weathersa.co.za). Sources for model results: CAM-chem-J.-F. Lamarque (lamar@ucar.edu); GFDL-CM3 V. Naik (vaishali.naik@noaa.gov) and GISS-E2-R-D. Shindell (drew.shindell@duke.edu). NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 538 EP 557 DI 10.1002/2015JD024101 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD3TH UT WOS:000369845300032 ER PT J AU Volkov, DL Johns, WE Belonenko, TV AF Volkov, Denis L. Johns, William E. Belonenko, Tatyana V. TI Dynamic response of the Black Sea elevation to intraseasonal fluctuations of the Mediterranean sea level SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Black Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Aegean Sea; sea level; satellite altimetry; Bosphorus Strait ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; STRAIT; ALTIMETER; VARIABILITY; EXCHANGE; FLOWS AB Response of the Black Sea elevation to intraseasonal sea level changes in the Mediterranean is studied using satellite altimetry data and a linear analytical model. Satellite observations show that the nonseasonal sea level in the Black Sea ((1)) is coherent with that in the Aegean and Marmara Seas ((0)) but lags behind them by 10-40days at subannual periods. The observed time lag is mainly due to friction that constrains the exchange through the Bosphorus Strait. Using realistic friction and characteristic (0) forcing in the model, we find that the amplitude of (1) reaches the amplitude of (0) at about 1year period, and the time lag increases from 10 to 22days at periods 50-250days. Freshwater fluxes, atmospheric pressure, and to a smaller extent the along-strait wind also influence the Black Sea elevation, but sea level fluctuations in the Mediterranean appear to be the dominant forcing mechanism. C1 [Volkov, Denis L.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Volkov, Denis L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Johns, William E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Belonenko, Tatyana V.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Earth Sci, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Volkov, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. EM Denis.Volkov@noaa.gov RI Belonenko, Tatyana/K-2162-2013; Volkov, Denis/A-6079-2011 OI Belonenko, Tatyana/0000-0003-4608-7781; Volkov, Denis/0000-0002-9290-0502 FU NASA Ocean Surface Topography Science Team program [NNX13AO73G]; base funds of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; Saint Petersburg State University [18.38.142.2014] FX This research was funded by the NASA Ocean Surface Topography Science Team program (grant NNX13AO73G) and partially supported by the base funds of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. T.B. acknowledges Saint Petersburg State University for a research grant 18.38.142.2014. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and Rick Lumpkin for reviewing and Elizabeth Johns for proofreading the initial version of the manuscript. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 1 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1002/2015GL066876 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC1YJ UT WOS:000369014100033 ER PT J AU Martin, P Goodkin, NF Stewart, JA Foster, GL Sikes, EL White, HK Hennige, S Roberts, JM AF Martin, Patrick Goodkin, Nathalie F. Stewart, Joseph A. Foster, Gavin L. Sikes, Elisabeth L. White, Helen K. Hennige, Sebastian Roberts, J. Murray TI Deep-sea coral C-13: A tool to reconstruct the difference between seawater pH and B-11-derived calcifying fluid pH SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE boron isotopes; carbon isotopes; coral skeleton; coral calcification ID BORON ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; GULF-OF-MEXICO; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; LAST DEGLACIATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SURFACE OCEAN; UP-REGULATION AB The boron isotopic composition (B-11) of coral skeleton is a proxy for seawater pH. However, B-11-based pH estimates must account for the pH difference between seawater and the coral calcifying fluid, pH. We report that skeletal B-11 and pH are related to the skeletal carbon isotopic composition (C-13) in four genera of deep-sea corals collected across a natural pH range of 7.89-8.09, with pH related to C-13 by pH=0.029x(13)C+0.929, r(2)=0.717. Seawater pH can be reconstructed by determining pH from C-13 and subtracting it from the B-11-derived calcifying fluid pH. The uncertainty for reconstructions is 0.12 pH units (2 standard deviations) if estimated from regression prediction intervals or between 0.04 and 0.06 pH units if estimated from confidence intervals. Our new approach quantifies and corrects for vital effects, offering improved accuracy relative to an existing B-11 versus seawater pH calibration with deep-sea scleractinian corals. C1 [Martin, Patrick; Goodkin, Nathalie F.] Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. [Martin, Patrick; Goodkin, Nathalie F.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Asian Sch Environm, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Stewart, Joseph A.; Foster, Gavin L.] Univ Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Stewart, Joseph A.] NIST, Charleston, SC USA. [Sikes, Elisabeth L.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [White, Helen K.] Haverford Coll, Dept Chem, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Hennige, Sebastian; Roberts, J. Murray] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Martin, P (reprint author), Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. EM pmartin@ntu.edu.sg RI Roberts, Murray/D-8299-2013; Martin, Patrick/F-6263-2017 OI Roberts, Murray/0000-0003-1688-5133; Martin, Patrick/0000-0001-8008-5558 FU National Research Foundation Singapore under its Singapore NRF Fellowship scheme [NRF-RF2012-03]; NERC [NE/J021075/1, NE/H017305/1, NE/K009028/1] FX N.F.G. and P.M. were funded by the National Research Foundation Singapore under its Singapore NRF Fellowship scheme awarded to N.F. Goodkin (National Research Fellow award NRF-RF2012-03), as administered by the Earth Observatory of Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative. G.L. Foster, J.A. Stewart, M. Roberts, and S.J. Hennige acknowledge the support of NERC via NE/J021075/1, NE/H017305/1, and NE/K009028/1. The New Zealand National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research donated coral specimens. The captains and crew of R/V Atlantis, RRS Discovery (D366), RRS James Cook (JC073), and the pilots of submersibles DSV Alvin and Pisces III helped collect the Gulf of Mexico and UK corals. We thank T.T. Yang for initiating this project, J. Lunden and H. Findlay for sharing seawater pH data, E. Anagnostou and A. Bolton for helpful comments, and S.-H. Ng and R. He for help with delta13C and delta18O analysis. We thank N. Allison and one anonymous reviewer for constructive criticism. All data used in this paper are provided as two supporting information tables. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 1 BP 299 EP 308 DI 10.1002/2015GL066494 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC1YJ UT WOS:000369014100035 ER PT J AU McEvoy, DJ Huntington, JL Mejia, JF Hobbins, MT AF McEvoy, Daniel J. Huntington, Justin L. Mejia, John F. Hobbins, Michael T. TI Improved seasonal drought forecasts using reference evapotranspiration anomalies SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE drought; seasonal forecasting; evaporative demand; reference evapotranspiration; complementary relationship ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SYSTEM VERSION 2; CLIMATE MODEL; PREDICTION; PRECIPITATION; LAND; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA; INDEX AB A novel contiguous United States (CONUS) wide evaluation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0; a formulation of evaporative demand) anomalies is performed using the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) reforecast data for 1982-2009. This evaluation was motivated by recent research showing ET0 anomalies can accurately represent drought through exploitation of the complementary relationship between actual evapotranspiration and ET0. Moderate forecast skill of ET0 was found up to leads of 5months and was consistently better than precipitation skill over most of CONUS. Forecasts of ET0 during drought events revealed high categorical skill for notable warm-season droughts of 1988 and 1999 in the central and northeast CONUS, with precipitation skill being much lower or absent. Increased ET0 skill was found in several climate regions when CFSv2 forecasts were initialized during moderate-to-strong El Nino-Southern Oscillation events. Our findings suggest that ET0 anomaly forecasts can improve and complement existing seasonal drought forecasts. C1 [McEvoy, Daniel J.; Huntington, Justin L.; Mejia, John F.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [McEvoy, Daniel J.; Huntington, Justin L.] Western Reg Climate Ctr, Reno, NV USA. [Hobbins, Michael T.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Hobbins, Michael T.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP McEvoy, DJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA.; McEvoy, DJ (reprint author), Western Reg Climate Ctr, Reno, NV USA. EM mcevoyd@dri.edu FU Desert Research Institute (DRI) IBM PureSystems; Institute Project Assignments-Enhanced Seasonal Forecasts for Western United States; Bureau of Reclamation Climate Analysis Tools WaterSMART program [R11AP81454]; National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS); USAID [AID-FFP-P-10-00002/006]; NOAA [AID-FFP-P-10-00002/006] FX Daniel McEvoy, John Mejia, and Justin Huntington were all partially supported by the Desert Research Institute (DRI) IBM PureSystems, Institute Project Assignments-Enhanced Seasonal Forecasts for Western United States, Bureau of Reclamation Climate Analysis Tools WaterSMART program (Public Law 111-11, Section 9504(b), agreement R11AP81454), and the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS). Michael Hobbins acknowledges support from Inter-Agency Agreement AID-FFP-P-10-00002/006 between USAID and NOAA for their support to the Famine Early Warning Systems Network. Links to METDATA and CFSRF used in this study can be found in the references. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 1 BP 377 EP 385 DI 10.1002/2015GL067009 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC1YJ UT WOS:000369014100044 ER PT J AU Parikh, H Mohiyuddin, M Lam, HYK Iyer, H Chen, D Pratt, M Bartha, G Spies, N Losert, W Zook, JM Salit, M AF Parikh, Hemang Mohiyuddin, Marghoob Lam, Hugo Y. K. Iyer, Hariharan Chen, Desu Pratt, Mark Bartha, Gabor Spies, Noah Losert, Wolfgang Zook, Justin M. Salit, Marc TI svclassify: a method to establish benchmark structural variant calls SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID COPY NUMBER VARIATION; GENOME; ACCURATE AB Background: The human genome contains variants ranging in size from small single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to large structural variants (SVs). High-quality benchmark small variant calls for the pilot National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Reference Material (NA12878) have been developed by the Genome in a Bottle Consortium, but no similar high-quality benchmark SV calls exist for this genome. Since SV callers output highly discordant results, we developed methods to combine multiple forms of evidence from multiple sequencing technologies to classify candidate SVs into likely true or false positives. Our method (svclassify) calculates annotations from one or more aligned bam files from many high-throughput sequencing technologies, and then builds a one-class model using these annotations to classify candidate SVs as likely true or false positives. Results: We first used pedigree analysis to develop a set of high-confidence breakpoint-resolved large deletions. We then used svclassify to cluster and classify these deletions as well as a set of high-confidence deletions from the 1000 Genomes Project and a set of breakpoint-resolved complex insertions from Spiral Genetics. We find that likely SVs cluster separately from likely non-SVs based on our annotations, and that the SVs cluster into different types of deletions. We then developed a supervised one-class classification method that uses a training set of random non-SV regions to determine whether candidate SVs have abnormal annotations different from most of the genome. To test this classification method, we use our pedigree-based breakpoint-resolved SVs, SVs validated by the 1000 Genomes Project, and assembly-based breakpoint-resolved insertions, along with semi-automated visualization using svviz. Conclusions: We find that candidate SVs with high scores from multiple technologies have high concordance with PCR validation and an orthogonal consensus method MetaSV (99.7 % concordant), and candidate SVs with low scores are questionable. We distribute a set of 2676 high-confidence deletions and 68 high-confidence insertions with high svclassify scores from these call sets for benchmarking SV callers. We expect these methods to be particularly useful for establishing high-confidence SV calls for benchmark samples that have been characterized by multiple technologies. C1 [Parikh, Hemang; Spies, Noah; Zook, Justin M.; Salit, Marc] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Genome Scale Measurements Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Parikh, Hemang] Dakota Consulting Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mohiyuddin, Marghoob; Lam, Hugo Y. K.] Bina Technol, Redwood City, CA 94065 USA. [Iyer, Hariharan] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Desu; Losert, Wolfgang] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pratt, Mark; Bartha, Gabor] Personalis Inc, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Spies, Noah] Stanford Univ, Dept Pathol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Salit, Marc] Stanford Univ, Bioengn Dept, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Zook, JM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Genome Scale Measurements Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jzook@nist.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 16 PY 2016 VL 17 AR 64 DI 10.1186/s12864-016-2366-2 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA DA8RQ UT WOS:000368074200003 PM 26772178 ER PT J AU Boggs, ASP Hamlin, HJ Nifong, JC Kassim, BL Lowers, RH Galligan, TM Long, SE Guillette, LJ AF Boggs, Ashley S. P. Hamlin, Heather J. Nifong, James C. Kassim, Brittany L. Lowers, Russell H. Galligan, Thomas M. Long, Stephen E. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. TI Urinary iodine and stable isotope analysis to examine habitat influences on thyroid hormones among coastal dwelling American alligators SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American alligator; Thyroid hormone; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine; Urinary iodine; Stable isotope analysis ID BARRIER-ISLAND POPULATION; MISSISSIPPIENSIS; RATES; CYCLE; HYPERTHYROIDISM; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEM; REPTILIA; PREDATOR; ESTUARY AB The American alligator, generally a freshwater species, is known to forage in marine environments despite the lack of a salt secreting gland found in other crocodylids. Estuarine and marine foraging could lead to increased dietary uptake of iodine, a nutrient necessary for the production of thyroid hormones. To explore the influence of dietary iodine on thyroid hormone health of coastal dwelling alligators, we described the seasonal plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay and urinary iodine (UI) concentrations measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We also analyzed long-term dietary patterns through stable isotope analysis of scute tissue. Snout-to-vent length (SVL) was a significant factor among UI and stable isotope analyses. Large adult males greater than 135 cm SVL had the highest UI concentrations but did not display seasonality of thyroid hormones. Alligators under 135 SVL exhibited seasonality in thyroid hormones and a positive relationship between UI and triiodothyronine concentrations. Isotopic signatures provided supporting evidence that large males predominantly feed on marine/estuarine prey whereas females showed reliance on freshwater/terrestrial prey supplemented by marine/estuarine prey. UI measurement provided immediate information that correlated to thyroid hormone concentrations whereas stable isotope analysis described long-term dietary patterns. Both techniques demonstrate that adult alligators in coastal environments are utilizing estuarine/marine habitats, which could alter thyroid hormone physiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Boggs, Ashley S. P.; Kassim, Brittany L.; Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Environm Chem Sci, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Boggs, Ashley S. P.; Kassim, Brittany L.; Galligan, Thomas M.; Long, Stephen E.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Hamlin, Heather J.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 316 Murray Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Nifong, James C.] Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci, NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Lowers, Russell H.] NASA, InoMed Hlth Applicat Inc, SR 405, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Galligan, Thomas M.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Boggs, ASP (reprint author), NIST, Environm Chem Sci, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM ashley.boggs@nist.gov FU National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship; Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA10NOS4200022]; CoEE Center for Marine Genomics; NIST; NASA; National Ocean Service FX We extend our thanks to the staff at InnoMedic Health Applications at KSC and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission for assistance in collection of the samples. We also thank the National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship (ASPB) as well as the Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management (JCN), National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (award #NA10NOS4200022; JCN), CoEE Center for Marine Genomics (LJG) and grants from NIST (LJG) and NASA (LJG) for funding this project in part. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JAN 15 PY 2016 VL 226 BP 5 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.12.006 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DE2PE UT WOS:000370468400002 PM 26684734 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ AF Bruno, Thomas J. TI Field portable low temperature porous layer open tubular cryoadsorption headspace sampling and analysis part I:Instrumentation SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Headspace analysis; PLOT-cryoadsorption; Vapor sampling; Vortex tube ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COLUMN; EXPLOSIVES; PARAMETERS; APPARATUS; WATER AB Building on the successful application in the laboratory of PLOT-cryoadsorption as a means of collecting vapor (or headspace) samples for chromatographic analysis, in this paper a field portable apparatus is introduced. This device fits inside of a briefcase (aluminum tool carrier), and can be easily transported by vehicle or by air. The portable apparatus functions entirely on compressed air, making it suitable for use in locations lacking electrical power, and for use in flammable and explosive environments. The apparatus consists of four aspects: a field capable PLOT-capillary platform, the supporting equipment platform, the service interface between the PLOT-capillary and the supporting equipment, and the necessary peripherals. Vapor sampling can be done with either a hand piece (containing the PLOT capillary) or with a custom fabricated standoff module. Both the hand piece and the standoff module can be heated and cooled to facilitate vapor collection and subsequent vapor sample removal. The service interface between the support platform and the sampling units makes use of a unique counter current approach that minimizes.loss of cooling and heating due to heat transfer with the surroundings (recuperative thermostatting). Several types of PLOT-capillary elements and sampling probes are described in this report. Applications to a variety of samples relevant to forensic and environmental analysis are discussed in a companion paper. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX The assistance of Dr. Tara M. Lovestead with the gas chromatographic measurement of the eluted samples is gratefully acknowledged. The assistance of Dr. Jessica L. Burger with knitting the sweater for the standoff module is gratefully acknowledged. The financial support of the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards is gratefully acknowledged. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 15 PY 2016 VL 1429 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.013 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DC9RQ UT WOS:000369559100008 PM 26687166 ER PT J AU Harries, M Bukovsky-Reyes, S Bruno, TJ AF Harries, Megan Bukovsky-Reyes, Santiago Bruno, Thomas J. TI Field portable low temperature porous layer open tubular cryoadsorption headspace sampling and analysis part II: Applications SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Detection limit; Forensics; Fuels; Headspace analysis; PLOT-cryoadsorption; Vapor sampling AB This paper details the sampling methods used with the field portable porous layer open tubular cryoad-sorption (PLOT-cryo) approach, described in Part I of this two-part series, applied to several analytes of interest. We conducted tests with coumarin and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (two solutes that were used in initial development of PLOT-cryo technology), naphthalene, aviation turbine kerosene, and diesel fuel, on a variety of matrices and test beds. We demonstrated that these analytes can be easily detected and reliably identified using the portable unit for analyte collection. By leveraging efficiency-boosting temperature control and the high flow rate multiple capillary wafer, very short collection times (as low as 3 s) yielded accurate detection. For diesel fuel spiked on glass beads, we determined a method detection limit below 1 ppm. We observed greater variability among separate samples analyzed with the portable unit than previously documented in work using the laboratory-based PLOT-cryo technology. We identify three likely sources that may help explain the additional variation: the use of a compressed air source to generate suction, matrix geometry, and variability in the local vapor concentration around the sampling probe as solute depletion occurs both locally around the probe and in the test bed as a whole. This field-portable adaptation of the PLOT-cryo approach has numerous and diverse potential applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Harries, Megan; Bukovsky-Reyes, Santiago; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards; Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) Fellowship; Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) FX M.E.H gratefully acknowledges a Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) Fellowship. S.B-R. gratefully acknowledges a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF). All authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Tara M. Lovestead with the gas chromatographic measurement of the eluted samples and the financial support of the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 15 PY 2016 VL 1429 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.014 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DC9RQ UT WOS:000369559100009 PM 26726934 ER PT J AU Dylewsky, D Freericks, JK Wall, ML Rey, AM Foss-Feig, M AF Dylewsky, D. Freericks, J. K. Wall, M. L. Rey, A. M. Foss-Feig, M. TI Nonperturbative calculation of phonon effects on spin squeezing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION; TRAPPED IONS; ENTANGLEMENT; SIMULATOR; DYNAMICS; STATES AB Theoretical models of spins coupled to bosons provide a simple setting for studying a broad range of important phenomena in many-body physics, from virtually mediated interactions to decoherence and thermalization. In many atomic, molecular, and optical systems, such models also underlie the most successful attempts to engineer strong, long-ranged interactions for the purpose of entanglement generation. Especially when the coupling between the spins and bosons is strong, such that it cannot be treated perturbatively, the properties of such models are extremely challenging to calculate theoretically. Here, exact analytical expressions for nonequilibrium spin-spin correlation functions are derived for a specific model of spins coupled to bosons. The spatial structure of the coupling between spins and bosons is completely arbitrary, and thus the solution can be applied to systems in any number of dimensions. The explicit and nonperturbative inclusion of the bosons enables the study of entanglement generation (in the form of spin squeezing) even when the bosons are driven strongly and near resonantly, and thus provides a quantitative view of the breakdown of adiabatic elimination that inevitably occurs as one pushes towards the fastest entanglement generation possible. The solution also helps elucidate the effect of finite temperature on spin squeezing. The model considered is relevant to a variety of atomic, molecular, and optical systems, such as atoms in cavities or trapped ions. As an explicit example, the results are used to quantify phonon effects in trapped ion quantum simulators, which are expected to become increasingly important as these experiments push towards larger numbers of ions. C1 [Dylewsky, D.; Freericks, J. K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Wall, M. L.; Rey, A. M.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wall, M. L.; Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Foss-Feig, M.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Foss-Feig, M.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dylewsky, D (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. OI Freericks, James/0000-0002-6232-9165 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-1314295]; McDevitt bequest at Georgetown University; NSF [PHY-1521080, PFC-1125844]; AFOSR; AFOSR-MURI; NIST; ARO; NRC FX We acknowledge helpful conversations with John Bollinger, Joe Britton, Zhexuan Gong, Bryce Yoshimura, Alexey Gorshkov, Bill Fefferman, and Arghavan Safavi-Naini. J.K.F. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1314295 and from the McDevitt bequest at Georgetown University. A.M.R. acknowledges funding from the NSF (Grants No. PHY-1521080 and No. PFC-1125844), AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI, NIST, and ARO individual investigator awards. M.L.W. and M.F.-F. thank the NRC postdoctoral fellowship program for support. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 15 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 1 AR 013415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.013415 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DB1TJ UT WOS:000368291600006 ER PT J AU Li, B Louca, D Feygenson, M Brown, CM Copley, JRD Iida, K AF Li, Bing Louca, Despina Feygenson, Mikhail Brown, Craig M. Copley, John R. D. Iida, Kazuki TI Local Jahn-Teller distortions and orbital ordering in Ba3Cu1+xSb2-xO9 investigated by neutron scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-LIQUID STATE; FRUSTRATED MAGNETS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; LATTICE; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; EXCITATIONS; BA3CUSB2O9 AB A spin-orbital quantum liquid state is theoretically proposed in the honeycomb lattice of Ba3CuSb2O9, enabled by dynamic short-range correlations between the spin and orbital degrees of freedom. Using neutron diffraction, the local atomic structure of Ba3Cu1+xSb2-xO9 at x = 0 and 0.1 is obtained via the pair density function analysis. The results indicate that both compositions exhibit local Jahn-Teller (JT) distortions with the elongated CuO3 octahedral configuration. In Ba3Cu1.1Sb1.9O9, JT ordering of the distorted CuO3 octahedra gives rise to the orthorhombic symmetry with ferro-orbital order. On the other hand, in Ba3CuSb2O9, even though the CuO3 octahedra are JT distorted, there is no long-range ordering hence the symmetry is hexagonal. Furthermore, the local singlet excitation at 5.8 meV observed in Ba3CuSb2O9 below 50 K is absent in Ba3Cu1.1Sb1.9O9. Instead, an excitation at 2.5 meV is observed in the latter, which is likely associated with short-range spin order. C1 [Li, Bing; Louca, Despina] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Feygenson, Mikhail] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Brown, Craig M.; Copley, John R. D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Iida, Kazuki] Res Ctr Neutron Sci & Technol, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. RP Li, B (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM louca@virginia.edu RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Li, Bing /A-4610-2010; OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Feygenson, Mikhail /0000-0002-0316-3265 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER45927] FX This work has been supported by the Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-01ER45927. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 1 AR 014423 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.014423 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DB1TZ UT WOS:000368293200005 ER PT J AU Lebens-Higgins, Z Scanlon, DO Paik, H Sallis, S Nie, Y Uchida, M Quackenbush, NF Wahila, MJ Sterbinsky, GE Arena, DA Woicik, JC Schlom, DG Piper, LFJ AF Lebens-Higgins, Z. Scanlon, D. O. Paik, H. Sallis, S. Nie, Y. Uchida, M. Quackenbush, N. F. Wahila, M. J. Sterbinsky, G. E. Arena, Dario A. Woicik, J. C. Schlom, D. G. Piper, L. F. J. TI Direct Observation of Electrostatically Driven Band Gap Renormalization in a Degenerate Perovskite Transparent Conducting Oxide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We have directly measured the band gap renormalization associated with the Moss-Burstein shift in the perovskite transparent conducting oxide (TCO), La-doped BaSnO3, using hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We determine that the band gap renormalization is almost entirely associated with the evolution of the conduction band. Our experimental results are supported by hybrid density functional theory supercell calculations. We determine that unlike conventional TCOs where interactions with the dopant orbitals are important, the band gap renormalization in La-BaSnO3 is driven purely by electrostatic interactions. C1 [Lebens-Higgins, Z.; Quackenbush, N. F.; Wahila, M. J.; Piper, L. F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Scanlon, D. O.] UCL, Dept Chem, Kathleen Lonsdale Mat Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. [Paik, H.; Nie, Y.; Schlom, D. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sallis, S.; Piper, L. F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Appl Phys & Astron, Mat Sci & Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Nie, Y.; Uchida, M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Lab Atom & Solid State Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Uchida, M.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Uchida, M.] Univ Tokyo, QPEC, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Sterbinsky, G. E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Arena, Dario A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Basic Energy Sci Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schlom, D. G.] Cornell Nanoscale Sci, Kavli Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lebens-Higgins, Z (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM d.scanlon@ucl.ac.uk; lpiper@binghamton.edu RI Scanlon, David/B-1516-2008; Uchida, Masaki/I-1660-2014; Piper, Louis/C-2960-2011 OI Scanlon, David/0000-0001-9174-8601; Uchida, Masaki/0000-0002-0735-8844; Piper, Louis/0000-0002-3421-3210 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1409912, ECCS-0335765]; Binghamton University; EPSRC [EP/L000202, EP/N01572X/1]; Center for Low Energy Systems Technology (LEAST), one of six centers of STARnet; Semiconductor Research Corporation program - MARCO; DARPA; NSF MRSEC Program [DMR-1120296]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX We thank A. Sokol and K. Shen for discussions. The research at Binghamton was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1409912. Z. W. L.-H. is grateful for an undergraduate Summer Scholars and Artists Award from Binghamton University. D. O. S acknowledges access to the ARCHER supercomputer via membership of the UK's HPC Materials Chemistry Consortium, which is funded by EPSRC Grants No. EP/L000202, and No. EP/N01572X/1. The work of H. P. and D. G. S. was supported by the Center for Low Energy Systems Technology (LEAST), one of six centers of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program sponsored by MARCO and DARPA. This work made use of the Cornell Center for Materials Research Shared Facilities, which are supported through the NSF MRSEC Program (Grant No. DMR-1120296). This work was performed in part at the Cornell Nanoscale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. ECCS-0335765) The NSLS is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Beam line X24a at the NSLS is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 11 U2 54 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 2 AR 027602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.027602 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DB1RK UT WOS:000368286300020 PM 26824566 ER PT J AU Jamieson, JW Hannington, MD Tivey, MK Hansteen, T Williamson, NMB Stewart, M Fietzke, J Butterfield, D Frische, M Allen, L Cousens, B Langer, J AF Jamieson, John William Hannington, Mark D. Tivey, Margaret K. Hansteen, Thor Williamson, Nicole M. -B. Stewart, Margaret Fietzke, Jan Butterfield, David Frische, Matthias Allen, Leigh Cousens, Brian Langer, Julia TI Precipitation and growth of barite within hydrothermal vent deposits from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS; BLACK SMOKER CHIMNEYS; SR-ISOTOPE; FLUID-FLOW; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; PHASE-SEPARATION; TAG MOUND; SYSTEM; CONSTRAINTS AB Hydrothermal vent deposits form on the seafloor as a result of cooling and mixing of hot hydrothermal fluids with cold seawater. Amongst the major sulfide and sulfate minerals that are preserved at vent sites, barite (BaSO4) is unique because it requires the direct mixing of Ba-rich hydrothermal fluid with sulfate-rich seawater in order for precipitation to occur. Because of its extremely low solubility, barite crystals preserve geochemical fingerprints associated with conditions of formation. Here, we present data from petrographic and geochemical analyses of hydrothermal barite from the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, northeast Pacific Ocean, in order to determine the physical and chemical conditions under which barite precipitates within seafloor hydrothermal vent systems. Petrographic analyses of 22 barite-rich samples show a range of barite crystal morphologies: dendritic and acicular barite forms near the exterior vent walls, whereas larger bladed and tabular crystals occur within the interior of chimneys. A two component mixing model based on Sr concentrations and Sr-87/Sr-86 of both seawater and hydrothermal fluid, combined with Sr-87/Sr-86 data from whole rock and laser-ablation ICP-MS analyses of barite crystals indicate that barite precipitates from mixtures containing as low as 17% and as high as 88% hydrothermal fluid component, relative to seawater. Geochemical modelling of the relationship between aqueous species concentrations and degree of fluid mixing indicates that Ba2+ availability is the dominant control on mineral saturation. Observations combined with model results support that dendritic barite forms from fluids of less than 40% hydrothermal component and with a saturation index greater than similar to 0.6, whereas more euhedral crystals form at lower levels of supersaturation associated with greater contributions of hydrothermal fluid. Fluid inclusions within barite indicate formation temperatures of between similar to 120 degrees C and 240 degrees C during barite crystallization. The comparison of fluid inclusion formation temperatures to modelled mixing temperatures indicates that conductive cooling of the vent fluid accounts for 60-120 degrees C reduction in fluid temperature. Strontium zonation within individual barite crystals records fluctuations in the amount of conductive cooling within chimney walls that may result from cyclical oscillations in hydrothermal fluid flux. Barite chemistry and morphology can be used as a reliable indicator for past conditions of mineralization within both extinct seafloor hydrothermal deposits and ancient land-based volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jamieson, John William; Hannington, Mark D.; Hansteen, Thor; Fietzke, Jan; Frische, Matthias; Langer, Julia] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Jamieson, John William; Hannington, Mark D.; Williamson, Nicole M. -B.; Allen, Leigh] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Tivey, Margaret K.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stewart, Margaret; Cousens, Brian] Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Butterfield, David] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Butterfield, David] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Jamieson, JW (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Wischhofstr 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. EM jjamieson@geomar.de; mhannington@geomar.de; mktivey@whoi.edu; thansteen@geomar.de; nmb.williamson@gmail.com; meg.engelbert@gmail.com; jfietzke@geomar.de; david.a.butterfield@noaa.gov; mfrische@geomar.de; Leigh.alle@gmail.com; brian.cousens@carleton.ca; j.-langer@outlook.com RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016; OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279; Jamieson, John/0000-0002-4783-8578 FU NSERC; NSF [OCE-1130019, OCE-0731947]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX The authors would like to thank Mario Thoner (GEOMAR) and Peter Jones (Carleton University) for their help collecting electron microprobe data, Elizabeth Ann Spencer (Carleton University) for help collecting Sr-isotope data, and Sven Petersen for many thoughtful discussions on hydrothermal chimney formation. Cora C. Wohlgemuth-Ueberwasser (Stockholm University) is gratefully acknowledged for providing the sulfide standard for laser ablation analysis. This work was supported by an NSERC PGS scholarship to JWJ and NSERC Discovery Grant to MDH. MKT acknowledges funding from NSF OCE-1130019. DAB acknowledges funding from NSF OCE-0731947 and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, contribution No. 2472, PMEL contribution No. 4399. NR 88 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2016 VL 173 BP 64 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2015.10.021 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DA1AQ UT WOS:000367529100004 ER PT J AU Lewis, SR Mulholland, DP Read, PL Montabone, L Wilson, RJ Smith, MD AF Lewis, Stephen R. Mulholland, David P. Read, Peter L. Montabone, Luca Wilson, R. John Smith, Michael D. TI The solsticial pause on Mars: 1. A planetary wave reanalysis SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, atmosphere; Mars, climate; Atmospheres, dynamics ID SPECTROMETER TES OBSERVATIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ENCIRCLING DUST STORM; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; DATA ASSIMILATION; TRAVELING-WAVES; MIDWINTER SUPPRESSION; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE AB Large-scale planetary waves are diagnosed from an analysis of profiles retrieved from the Thermal Emission Spectrometer aboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft during its scientific mapping phase. The analysis is conducted by assimilating thermal profiles and total dust opacity retrievals into a Mars global circulation model. Transient waves are largest throughout the northern hemisphere autumn, winter and spring period and almost absent during the summer. The southern hemisphere exhibits generally weaker transient wave behaviour. A striking feature of the low-altitude transient waves in the analysis is that they show a broad subsidiary minimum in amplitude centred on the winter solstice, a period when the thermal contrast between the summer hemisphere and the winter pole is strongest and baroclinic wave activity might be expected to be strong. This behaviour, here called the 'solsticial pause,' is present in every year of the analysis. This strong pause is under-represented in many independent model experiments, which tend to produce relatively uniform baroclinic wave activity throughout the winter. This paper documents and diagnoses the transient wave solsticial pause found in the analysis; a companion paper investigates the origin of the phenomenon in a series of model experiments. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lewis, Stephen R.] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Mulholland, David P.; Read, Peter L.; Montabone, Luca] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Wilson, R. John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Smith, Michael D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lewis, SR (reprint author), Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM stephen.lewis@open.ac.uk OI Lewis, Stephen/0000-0001-7237-6494 FU UK Science and Technology Facilities Council; UK Space Agency [ST/J001597/1, ST/I003096/1, ST/K00106X/1] FX The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive input. SRL, DPM, and PLR thank the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council and the UK Space Agency for funding, including under Grants ST/J001597/1, ST/I003096/1 and ST/K00106X/1. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 15 PY 2016 VL 264 BP 456 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.039 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW7AM UT WOS:000365150300036 ER PT J AU Beckmen, KB Keogh, MJ Burek-Huntington, KA Ylitalo, GM Fadely, BS Pitcher, KW AF Beckmen, Kimberlee B. Keogh, Mandy J. Burek-Huntington, Kathleen A. Ylitalo, Gina M. Fadely, Brian S. Pitcher, Kenneth W. TI Organochlorine contaminant concentrations in multiple tissues of free-ranging Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Steller sea lion; Organochlorine contaminants; Blood; Blubber; Milk; Feces ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; RUSSIAN FAR-EAST; HARBOR SEALS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; MARINE MAMMALS; PHOCA-VITULINA; PCB CONGENERS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS AB The relationships of selected organochlorine (OC) contaminants between blubber, blood, feces, and milk of young, free-ranging Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) were examined. Both between and within each tissue there was considerable individual variation. In spite of the variation, similar patterns were observed across the tissues for most of the selected PCB congeners. In all four tissues, the major PCB congeners were PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, and PCB153. The most prominent congener, both as a weight (ng/g lipid) and as a percentage of summed PCBs (Sigma PCBs), was PCB 153. Comparisons between paired tissues showed that Sigma DDTs in blubber samples were related to concentrations in blood, feces, and milk. The Sigma PCBs in blubber were related to concentrations in milk and fecal samples, though the relationship with feces was weak. Our findings show milk samples, in particular, are useful for assessing OCs in young sea lions. Blubber concentrations of PCB101, PCB118, and PCB138 were an order of magnitude higher than those in milk, supporting the biomagnification of these PCB congeners in SSL tissues. The findings indicate alternative tissues may be used as indicators of relative contaminant exposure in lieu of surgical blubber biopsy. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Beckmen, Kimberlee B.; Keogh, Mandy J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Burek-Huntington, Kathleen A.] Alaska Vet Pathol Serv, Eagle River, AK 99577 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Fadely, Brian S.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Pitcher, Kenneth W.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Beckmen, KB (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM kimberlee.beckmen@alaska.gov RI Fadely, Brian/P-3601-2015 OI Fadely, Brian/0000-0002-9172-1887 FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of M.M. Krahn, M. Castellini, D. Schaeffer, R. Towell, R. Ream, T. Loughlin, P. Tuomi, D. Boyd, J. Buzitis, G. Yanagida, K. Tilbury, L. Rea, T. Gelatt, K. Raum-Suryan, V. Stegall, S. Harper, J. Sterling, and C. Lieske as well as the many Alaska Department of Fish & Game crewmembers, National Marine Mammal Laboratory personnel who assisted in the collection of samples. We thank the efforts of three anonymous reviewers. We also thank the captains and crew of the vessels P/V Woldstad, P/V Stimson, M/V Tiglax, and R/V Medeia. Captures and field sample collections were conducted under authority of ESA/MMPA Scientific Collection permits issued by the NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources to the Alaska Department of Fish & Game and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, #358-1564 and #782-1532, respectively, and within the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge by Special Use Permit 74500-99004 issued from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Free-ranging animal handing protocols were reviewed by the ADF&G Division of Wildlife Conservation Animal Care and Use Committee and approved as Assurance of Animal Care #03-0002. Although the research described has been funded in part by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), it has not been subjected to NOAA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 101 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2016 VL 542 BP 441 EP 452 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.119 PN A PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CX3MC UT WOS:000365602100046 PM 26524270 ER PT J AU Robertson, AE Phan, DH Macaluso, JE Kuryakov, VN Jouravleva, EV Bertrand, CE Yudin, IK Anisimov, MA AF Robertson, Andreas E. Phan, Dung H. Macaluso, Joseph E. Kuryakov, Vladimir N. Jouravleva, Elena V. Bertrand, Christopher E. Yudin, Igor K. Anisimov, Mikhail A. TI Mesoscale solubilization and critical phenomena in binary and quasi-binary solutions of hydrotropes SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE Hydrotropes; Hydrophobes; Aqueous solutions; Critical phenomena; Mesoscale solubilization; Dynamic light scattering; Small angle neutron scattering ID SCALE SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; TERTIARY BUTYL ALCOHOL; MOLAR-MASS COMPOUNDS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SYSTEM 2,6-LUTIDINE-WATER; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; COEXISTENCE CURVE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SHEAR VISCOSITY AB Hydrotropes are substances consisting of amphiphilic molecules that are too small to self-assemble in equilibrium structures in aqueous solutions, but can form dynamic molecular clusters H-bonded with water molecules. Some hydrotropes, such as low-molecular-weight alcohols and amines, can solubilize hydrophobic compounds in aqueous solutions at a mesoscopic scale (similar to 100 nm) with formation of long-lived mesoscale droplets. In this work, we report on the studies of near-critical and phase behavior of binary (2,6-lutidine-H2O) and quasibinary (2,6-lutidine-H2O/D2O and tert-butano1/2-butanol-H2O) solutions in the presence of a solubilized hydrophobic impurity (cyclohexane). In additional to visual observation of fluid-phase equilibria, two experimental techniques were used: light scattering and small-angle neutron scattering. It was found that the increase of the tert-butano1/2-butanol ratio affects the liquid-liquid equilibria in the quasi-binary system at ambient pressure in the same way as the increase of pressure modifies the phase behavior of binary 2-butanol-H2O solutions. The correlation length of critical fluctuations near the liquid-liquid separation and the size of mesoscale droplets of solubilized cyclohexane were obtained by dynamic light scattering and by small-angle neutron scattering. It is shown that the effect of the presence of small amounts of cyclohexane on the near-critical phase behavior is twofold: (1) the transition temperature changes toward increasing the two-phase domain; (2) long-lived mesoscopic inhomogeneities emerge in the macroscopically homogeneous domain. These homogeneities remain unchanged upon approach to the critical point of macroscopic phase separation and do not alter the universal nature of criticality. However, a larger amount of cyclohexane generates additional liquid-liquid phase separation at lower temperatures. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Robertson, Andreas E.] Montgomery Blair High Sch, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. [Robertson, Andreas E.; Phan, Dung H.; Macaluso, Joseph E.; Anisimov, Mikhail A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kuryakov, Vladimir N.; Yudin, Igor K.] Russian Acad Sci, Oil & Gas Res Inst, Moscow 117333, Russia. [Jouravleva, Elena V.; Anisimov, Mikhail A.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, Light Scattering Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bertrand, Christopher E.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Anisimov, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM anisimov@umd.edu FU IPST Light Scattering Center at the University of Maryland, College Park; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [15-08-07727-a]; National Research Council; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We appreciate fruitful collaboration with Dr. Deepa Subramanian. Research of E.V.J. and M.A.A. was supported by the IPST Light Scattering Center at the University of Maryland, College Park. In Moscow, the study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant no. 15-08-07727-a. C.E.B. acknowledges the support of the National Research Council. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 EI 1879-0224 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD JAN 15 PY 2016 VL 407 SI SI BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2015.06.030 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA CW3LU UT WOS:000364894600023 ER PT J AU Garboczi, EJ AF Garboczi, E. J. TI Percolation phase diagrams for multi-phase models built on the overlapping sphere model SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Percolation; Penetrable; Phase diagram; Digital image; Continuum percolation; Excluded volume ID PRECISE DETERMINATION; CONTINUUM PERCOLATION; THRESHOLD; CONDUCTIVITY; ELLIPSOIDS; SYSTEMS AB The overlapping sphere (OS) percolation model gives a two-phase microstructure (matrix plus inclusions) that is useful for testing composite material ideas and other applications, as well as serving as a paradigm of overlapping object percolation and phase transitions. Real materials often have more than two phases, so it is of interest to extend the applicability of the OS model. A flexible variant of the OS model can be constructed by randomly assigning the spheres different phase labels, according to a uniform probability distribution, as they are inserted one by one into the matrix. The resulting three or more phase models can have different amounts of percolating and non-percolating phases, depending on the volume fraction of each phase and the total OS volume fraction. A three-dimensional digital image approach is used to approximately map out the percolation phase diagram of such models, explicitly up to four phases (one matrix plus three spherical inclusion phases) and implicitly for N > 4 phases. For the three phase model, it was found that a single OS sub-phase has a percolation threshold that ranges from about a volume fraction of 0.16, when the matrix volume fraction is about 0.01, to about 0.30, at a matrix volume fraction of about 0.7. The approximate analytical dependence of this sub-phase percolation threshold on the defining model parameters serves to guide the building of the percolation phase diagram for the N-phase model, and is used to determine the maximum value of N (N = 6) at which all N phases can be simultaneously percolated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Garboczi, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM edward.garboczi@nist.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 EI 1873-2119 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD JAN 15 PY 2016 VL 442 BP 156 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2015.09.014 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CV4PG UT WOS:000364248400016 ER PT J AU Gebert, F Wan, Y Wolf, F Heip, JC Schmidt, PO AF Gebert, F. Wan, Y. Wolf, F. Heip, Jan C. Schmidt, Piet O. TI Detection of motional ground state population of a trapped ion using delayed pulses SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE adiabatic state manipulation; STIRAP; trapped ions; motional state population ID ADIABATIC PASSAGE; ATOMIC IONS; QUANTUM; ENTANGLEMENT; SCATTERING; ROBUST; FORCE; GATE AB Efficient preparation and detection of the motional state of trapped ions is important in many experiments ranging from quantum computation to precision spectroscopy. We investigate the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) technique for the manipulation of motional states in a trapped ion system. The presented technique uses a Raman coupling between two hyperfine ground states in Mg-25(+), implemented with delayed pulses, which removes a single phonon independent of the initial motional state. We show that for a thermal probability distribution of motional states the STIRAP population transfer is more efficient than a stimulated Raman Rabi pulse on a motional sideband. In contrast to previous implementations, a large detuning of more than 200 times the natural linewidth of the transition is used. This approach renders STIRAP suitable for atoms in which resonant laser fields would populate nearby fluorescing excited states and thus impede the STIRAP process. We use the technique to measure the wavefunction overlap of excited motional states with the motional ground state. This is an important application for force sensing applications using trapped ions, such as photon recoil spectroscopy, in which the signal is proportional to the depletion of motional ground state population. Furthermore, a determination of the ground state population enables a simple measurement of the ion's temperature. C1 [Gebert, F.; Wan, Y.; Wolf, F.; Heip, Jan C.; Schmidt, Piet O.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Schmidt, Piet O.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Quantenopt, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Wan, Y.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schmidt, PO (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.; Schmidt, PO (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Quantenopt, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM Piet.Schmidt@quantummetrology.de RI Schmidt, Piet/F-6384-2011 OI Schmidt, Piet/0000-0003-0773-5889 FU DFG through QUEST [SCHM2678/3-1]; State of Lower-Saxony, Hannover, Germany; Braunschweig International Graduate School of Metrology (B-IGSM) FX We acknowledge the support of DFG through QUEST and Grant SCHM2678/3-1. This work was financially supported by the State of Lower-Saxony, Hannover, Germany. YW acknowledges support from the Braunschweig International Graduate School of Metrology (B-IGSM). We thank Ian D Leroux for stimulating discussions and K Bergmann for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 013037 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/1/013037 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DG8XF UT WOS:000372366200002 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK Mamontov, E Tyagi, M Urban, VS AF Sharma, V. K. Mamontov, E. Tyagi, M. Urban, V. S. TI Effect of alpha-Tocopherol on the Microscopic Dynamics of Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Membrane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHOSPHOLIPID MODEL MEMBRANES; VITAMIN-E; MOLECULAR-MECHANISM; PHASE-TRANSITION; MICELLES; DIFFUSION; LOCATION; BILAYER; RANGE AB Vitamin E behaves as an antioxidant and is well known for its protective properties of the lipid membrane. The most biologically active form of vitamin E in the human organism is a-tocopherol (aToc). Very recently (Marquardt, D.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 203-210) it has been shown that aToc resides near the center of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayer, which is in stark contrast with other PC membranes, where aToc is located near the lipid-water interface. Here we report an unusual effect of this exceptional location of aToc on the dynamical behavior of DMPC membrane probed by incoherent elastic and quasielastic neutron scattering. For pure DMPC vesicles, elastic scan data show two step-like drops in the elastic intensity at 288 and 297 K, which correspond to the pre- and main phase transitions, respectively. However, inclusion of aToc into DMPC membrane inhibits the step-like elastic intensity drops, indicating a significant impact of aToc on the phase behavior of the membrane. This observation is supported by our differential scanning calorimetry data, which shows that inclusion of aToc leads to a significant broadening of the main phase transition peak, whereas the peak corresponding to the pretransition disappears. We have performed quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements on DMPC vesicles with various concentrations of aToc at 280, 293, and 310 K. We have found that aToc affects both the lateral diffusion and the internal motions of the lipid molecules. Below the main phase transition temperature inclusion of aToc accelerates both the lateral and the internal lipid motions. On the other hand, above the main phase transition temperature the addition of aToc restricts only the internal motion, without a significant influence on the lateral motion. Our results support the finding that the location of aToc in DMPC membrane is deep within the bilayer. C1 [Sharma, V. K.; Urban, V. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sharma, V. K.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Solid State Phys, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Mamontov, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tyagi, M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sharma, VK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.; Sharma, VK (reprint author), Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Solid State Phys, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India. EM sharmavk@ornl.gov RI Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Biological and Environmental Research [ERKP291]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Department of Energy FX Experiments on HFBS at NCNR are supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. Research conducted at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We acknowledge lab support of the Center for Structural Molecular Biology funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (ERKP291). This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). Certain commercial material suppliers are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 14 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 1 BP 154 EP 163 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10417 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DB5NW UT WOS:000368561900017 PM 26673405 ER PT J AU Kafri, D Adhikari, P Taylor, JM AF Kafri, Dvir Adhikari, Prabin Taylor, Jacob M. TI Dynamics of an ion coupled to a parametric superconducting circuit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED ATOMIC IONS; QUANTUM; INFORMATION; PHOTON; STATES AB Superconducting circuits and trapped ions are promising architectures for quantum information processing. However, the natural frequencies for controlling these systems-radio-frequency ion control and microwave domain superconducting qubit control-make direct Hamiltonian interactions between them weak. In this paper we describe a technique for coupling a trapped ion's motion to the fundamental mode of a superconducting circuit, by applying to the circuit a carefully modulated external magnetic flux. In conjunction with a nonlinear element (Josephson junction), this gives the circuit an effective time-dependent inductance. We then show how to tune the external flux to generate a resonant coupling between the circuit and ion's motional mode and discuss the limitations of this approach compared to using a time-dependent capacitance. C1 [Kafri, Dvir; Adhikari, Prabin; Taylor, Jacob M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, Jacob M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kafri, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594 FU U.S. Army Research Office Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [W911NF0910406]; NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX The authors thank the following people for helpful discussions and comments concerning the work: Raymond Simmonds, Michael Foss-Feig, Hartmut Haffner, David Kielpinski, Christopher Monroe, Dietrich Liebfried, and David Wineland. This research was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Grant No. W911NF0910406, and the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 14 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 1 AR 013412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.013412 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DB1TC UT WOS:000368290900012 ER PT J AU Horodysky, AZ Cooke, SJ Graves, JE Brill, RW AF Horodysky, Andrij Z. Cooke, Steven J. Graves, John E. Brill, Richard W. TI Themed Issue Article: Conservation Physiology of Marine Fishes Fisheries conservation on the high seas: linking conservation physiology and fisheries ecology for the management of large pelagic fishes SO CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Bycatch; cardiorespiratory; Fry paradigm; pelagic fishes; post-release survival ID TUNA THUNNUS-OBESUS; MARLIN MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; CALIFORNIA RECREATIONAL FISHERY; COMPARATIVE VISUAL FUNCTION; INHABITING CHESAPEAKE BAY; BONEFISH ALBULA-VULPES; ENERGY DEMAND TELEOSTS; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; PURSE SEINE FISHERY; J-HOOK PERFORMANCE AB Populations of tunas, billfishes and pelagic sharks are fished at or over capacity in many regions of the world. They are captured by directed commercial and recreational fisheries (the latter of which often promote catch and release) or as incidental catch or bycatch in commercial fisheries. Population assessments of pelagic fishes typically incorporate catch-per-unit-effort time-series data from commercial and recreational fisheries; however, there have been notable changes in target species, areas fished and depth-specific gear deployments over the years that may have affected catchability. Some regional fisheries management organizations take into account the effects of time-and area-specific changes in the behaviours of fish and fishers, as well as fishing gear, to standardize catch-per-unit-effort indices and refine population estimates. However, estimates of changes in stock size over time may be very sensitive to underlying assumptions of the effects of oceanographic conditions and prey distribution on the horizontal and vertical movement patterns and distribution of pelagic fishes. Effective management and successful conservation of pelagic fishes requires a mechanistic understanding of their physiological and behavioural responses to environmental variability, potential for interaction with commercial and recreational fishing gear, and the capture process. The interdisciplinary field of conservation physiology can provide insights into pelagic fish demography and ecology (including environmental relationships and interspecific interactions) by uniting the complementary expertise and skills of fish physiologists and fisheries scientists. The iterative testing by one discipline of hypotheses generated by the other can span the fundamental-applied science continuum, leading to the development of robust insights supporting informed management. The resulting species-specific understanding of physiological abilities and tolerances can help to improve stock assessments, develop effective bycatch-reduction strategies, predict rates of post-release mortality, and forecast the population effects of environmental change. In this synthesis, we review several examples of these interdisciplinary collaborations that currently benefit pelagic fisheries management. C1 [Horodysky, Andrij Z.] Hampton Univ, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, 100 East Queen St, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Graves, John E.; Brill, Richard W.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Brill, Richard W.] NOAA, Behav Ecol Branch, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Northeast Fisheries Sci,Ctr Natl Marine Fisheries, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Horodysky, AZ (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, 100 East Queen St, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. EM andrij.horodysky@hamptonu.edu FU NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center; NSF Educational Partnership in Climate Change and Sustainability; NSERC; Ocean Tracking Network Canada; Canada Research Chairs Program FX A.Z.H. acknowledges support from the NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center and NSF Educational Partnership in Climate Change and Sustainability. S.J.C. is supported by NSERC, Ocean Tracking Network Canada, and the Canada Research Chairs Program. NR 199 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 18 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2051-1434 J9 CONSERV PHYSIOL JI Conserv. Physiol. PD JAN 13 PY 2016 VL 4 AR cov059 DI 10.1093/conphys/cov059 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Physiology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physiology GA DK8UO UT WOS:000375204000001 PM 27382467 ER PT J AU Deyle, ER May, RM Munch, SB Sugihara, G AF Deyle, Ethan R. May, Robert M. Munch, Stephan B. Sugihara, George TI Tracking and forecasting ecosystem interactions in real time SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nonlinear; empirical dynamics; changing interaction strength; S-map; state space reconstruction; community matrix ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; SERIES DATA; COMPETITION; CHAOS; STABILITY; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; FLUCTUATIONS; POPULATIONS AB Evidence shows that species interactions are not constant but change as the ecosystem shifts to new states. Although controlled experiments and model investigations demonstrate how nonlinear interactions can arise in principle, empirical tools to track and predict them in nature are lacking. Here we present a practical method, using available time-series data, to measure and forecast changing interactions in real systems, and identify the underlying mechanisms. The method is illustrated with model data from a marine mesocosm experiment and limnologic field data from Sparkling Lake, WI, USA. From simple to complex, these examples demonstrate the feasibility of quantifying, predicting and understanding state-dependent, nonlinear interactions as they occur in situ and in real time-a requirement for managing resources in a nonlinear, non-equilibrium world. C1 [Deyle, Ethan R.; Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [May, Robert M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Munch, Stephan B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Sugihara, G (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM gsugihara@ucsd.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB1020372]; NSF-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) programme [NA08OAR4320894/CAMEO]; DoD-Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [15 RC-2509]; Lenfest Foundation Award [00028335]; Sugihara Family Trust; Deutsche Bank-Jameson Complexity Studies Fund; McQuown Fund; McQuown Chair in Natural Sciences, University of California, San Diego FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant no. DEB1020372, NSF-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) programme grant no. NA08OAR4320894/CAMEO, DoD-Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program 15 RC-2509; Lenfest Foundation Award 00028335, the Sugihara Family Trust, the Deutsche Bank-Jameson Complexity Studies Fund, The McQuown Fund and the McQuown Chair in Natural Sciences, University of California, San Diego. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 50 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JAN 13 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1822 AR 20152258 DI 10.1098/rspb.2015.2258 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DB3VN UT WOS:000368441200010 ER PT J AU Smith, JE Brainard, R Carter, A Grillo, S Edwards, C Harris, J Lewis, L Obura, D Rohwer, F Sala, E Vroom, PS Sandin, S AF Smith, Jennifer E. Brainard, Rusty Carter, Amanda Grillo, Saray Edwards, Clinton Harris, Jill Lewis, Levi Obura, David Rohwer, Forest Sala, Enric Vroom, Peter S. Sandin, Stuart TI Re-evaluating the health of coral reef communities: baselines and evidence for human impacts across the central Pacific SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE human impact; community structure; macroalgae; turf algae; reef builders ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; PHASE-SHIFTS; CARIBBEAN CORALS; ALGAE; SETTLEMENT; SURVIVAL; COVER; DEGRADATION AB Numerous studies have documented declines in the abundance of reef-building corals over the last several decades and in some but not all cases, phase shifts to dominance by macroalgae have occurred. These assessments, however, often ignore the remainder of the benthos and thus provide limited information on the present-day structure and function of coral reef communities. Here, using an unprecedentedly large dataset collected within the last 10 years across 56 islands spanning five archipelagos in the central Pacific, we examine how benthic reef communities differ in the presence and absence of human populations. Using islands as replicates, we examine whether benthic community structure is associated with human habitation within and among archipelagos and across latitude. While there was no evidence for coral to macroalgal phase shifts across our dataset we did find that the majority of reefs on inhabited islands were dominated by fleshy non-reef-building organisms (turf algae, fleshy macroalgae and non-calcifying invertebrates). By contrast, benthic communities from uninhabited islands were more variable but in general supported more calcifiers and active reef builders (stony corals and crustose coralline algae). Our results suggest that cumulative human impacts across the central Pacific may be causing a reduction in the abundance of reef builders resulting in island scale phase shifts to dominance by fleshy organisms. C1 [Smith, Jennifer E.; Carter, Amanda; Grillo, Saray; Edwards, Clinton; Harris, Jill; Lewis, Levi; Sandin, Stuart] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Brainard, Rusty; Vroom, Peter S.] NOAA, Honolulu, HI USA. [Obura, David] CORDIO, Mombasa, Kenya. [Obura, David] New England Aquarium, Boston, MA USA. [Rohwer, Forest] San Diego State Univ, Biol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Sala, Enric] Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC USA. RP Smith, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM smithj@ucsd.edu FU National Science Foundation; NOAA through the Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) award [NSF OCE10417212]; National Geographic Society; Scripps family; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Moore Family Foundation; Oak Foundation; Marine Management Area Science Program at Conservation International FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation and NOAA through the Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) award no. NSF OCE10417212 to J.E.S. and S.A.S. Funding for research cruises was provided by the National Geographic Society, the Scripps family, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Moore Family Foundation, the Oak Foundation and the Marine Management Area Science Program at Conservation International. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 12 U2 71 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JAN 13 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1822 AR 20151985 DI 10.1098/rspb.2015.1985 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DB3VN UT WOS:000368441200005 ER PT J AU Van Houtan, KS Andrews, AH Jones, TT Murakawa, SKK Hagemann, ME AF Van Houtan, Kyle S. Andrews, Allen H. Jones, T. Todd Murakawa, Shawn K. K. Hagemann, Molly E. TI Time in tortoiseshell: a bomb radiocarbon-validated chronology in sea turtle scutes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; maturity; age determination; carbon-14; somatic growth; Eretmochelys imbricata ID HAWKSBILL TURTLES; ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH-RATES; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CHELONIA-MYDAS; AGE; POPULATION; PACIFIC; SKELETOCHRONOLOGY AB Some of the most basic questions of sea turtle life history are also the most elusive. Many uncertainties surround lifespan, growth rates, maturity and spatial structure, yet these are critical factors in assessing population status. Here we examine the keratinized hard tissues of the hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) carapace anduse bomb radiocarbondating to estimate growth andmaturity. Scutes have an established dietary record, yet the large keratin deposits of hawksbills evoke a reliable chronology. We sectioned, polished and imaged posterior marginal scutes from 36 individual hawksbills representing all life stages, several Pacific populations and spanning eight decades. We counted the apparent growth lines, microsampled along growth contours and calibrated Delta C-14 values to reference coral series. We fit von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) models to the results, producing a range of age estimates for each turtle. We find Hawaii hawksbills deposit eight growth lines annually (range 5-14), with model ensembles producing a somatic growth parameter (k) of 0.13 (range 0.1-0.2) and first breeding at 29 years (range 23-36). Recent bomb radiocarbon values also suggest declining trophic status. Together, our results may reflect long-term changes in the benthic community structure of Hawaii reefs, and possibly shed light on the critical population status for Hawaii hawksbills. C1 [Van Houtan, Kyle S.; Andrews, Allen H.; Jones, T. Todd; Murakawa, Shawn K. K.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, 450 Res Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Hagemann, Molly E.] Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Vertebrate Zool Collect, 1525 Bernice St, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. RP Van Houtan, KS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.; Van Houtan, KS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, 450 Res Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM kyle.vanhoutan@gmail.com RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016; OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305; Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 FU Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers FX A Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers to K.S.V. supported this project. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JAN 13 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1822 AR 20152220 DI 10.1098/rspb.2015.2220 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DB3VN UT WOS:000368441200009 ER PT J AU Awartani, OM Zhao, BX Currie, T Kline, RJ Zikry, MA O'Connor, BT AF Awartani, Omar M. Zhao, Bingxiao Currie, Tyler Kline, R. Joseph Zikry, Mohammed A. O'Connor, Brendan T. TI Anisotropic Elastic Modulus of Oriented Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSPORT ANISOTROPY; ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HIGH-MOBILITY; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; TRANSISTORS; POLYTHIOPHENE; PHOTOVOLTAICS AB Specific morphological features of polymer semiconductors are often promoted in devices to optimize optoelectronic behavior. Less studied is the role of morphology on the mechanical properties of the film, such as elastic modulus, which is an important property for the development of flexible and stretchable devices. To gain insight into the morphological origin of elasticity in polymer semiconductors and its relationship to charge transport, we study the anisotropic in-plane elastic modulus of strain-aligned regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films and compare the results to previously measured field effect charge mobility. The film morphology is varied through the amount of applied strain and post strain thermal annealing. Morphological characterization includes UV-vis optical spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The elastic modulus is measured using a buckling-based measurement technique. The elastic modulus of the film is found to decrease as the film is plastically strained. Thermally annealing the strained films results in a large in-plane elastic modulus anisotropy, where the modulus increases in the direction of backbone alignment and decreases in the transverse direction. The measured elastic modulus is compared to the film morphology, showing a dependence on both in-plane polymer chain alignment and local aggregate order. Comparing the elastic modulus to field effect mobility shows that they are not necessarily correlated, which has important implication for flexible organic electronic device design. C1 [Awartani, Omar M.; Zhao, Bingxiao; Currie, Tyler; Zikry, Mohammed A.; O'Connor, Brendan T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Connor, BT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM btoconno@ncsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1200340] FX This research work was supported by the National Science Foundation Award CMMI-1200340. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. We thank Dr. Michael F. Toney for assistance with the X-ray diffractions measurements. We also thank Dr. Michael Dickey for assistance with the tensile test measurements. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 12 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 1 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1021/acs.macromo1.5b02680 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DB2EV UT WOS:000368322000036 ER PT J AU Bruno, N Pini, V Martin, A Verma, VB Nam, SW Mirin, R Lita, A Marsili, F Korzh, B Bussieres, F Sangouard, N Zbinden, H Gisin, N Thew, R AF Bruno, Natalia Pini, Vittorio Martin, Anthony Verma, Varun B. Nam, Sae Woo Mirin, Richard Lita, Adriana Marsili, Francesco Korzh, Boris Bussieres, Felix Sangouard, Nicolas Zbinden, Hugo Gisin, Nicolas Thew, Rob TI Heralded amplification of photonic qubits SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID NOISELESS LINEAR AMPLIFICATION; QUANTUM COMMUNICATION; STATE; CRYPTOGRAPHY; ENTANGLEMENT AB We demonstrate postselection free heralded qubit amplification for Time-Bin qubits and single photon states in an all-fibre, telecom-wavelength, scheme that highlights the simplicity, stability and potential for fully integrated photonic solutions. Exploiting high-efficiency superconducting detectors, the gain, fidelity and the performance of the amplifier are studied as a function of loss. We also demonstrate the first heralded single photon amplifier with independent sources. This provides a significant advance towards demonstrating device-independent quantum key distribution as well as fundamental tests of quantum mechanics over extended distances. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Bruno, Natalia; Pini, Vittorio; Martin, Anthony; Korzh, Boris; Bussieres, Felix; Zbinden, Hugo; Gisin, Nicolas; Thew, Rob] Univ Geneva, Grp Appl Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Verma, Varun B.; Nam, Sae Woo; Mirin, Richard; Lita, Adriana] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, Francesco] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Sangouard, Nicolas] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. RP Thew, R (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Grp Appl Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. EM robert.thew@unige.ch RI Bussieres, Felix/E-5384-2011; Martin, Anthony/H-9112-2013; Thew, Robert/B-2407-2009 OI Bussieres, Felix/0000-0003-0234-175X; Martin, Anthony/0000-0003-1664-2721; Thew, Robert/0000-0003-0188-6053 FU Swiss NCCR QSIT; EU project SIQS; EU project DIQIP; SNSF [PP00P2 150579]; DARPA Quiness program FX The authors would like to thank Alexey Tiranov for discussions. This work was supported by the Swiss NCCR QSIT, the EU projects SIQS and DIQIP and the DARPA Quiness program and the SNSF (Grant No. PP00P2 150579). Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 11 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 1 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1364/OE.24.000125 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA DA7SQ UT WOS:000368004800013 PM 26832244 ER PT J AU Quemener, G Bohn, JL AF Quemener, Goulven Bohn, John L. TI Shielding (2)Sigma ultracold dipolar molecular collisions with electric fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LOG-DERIVATIVE METHOD; POLAR-MOLECULES; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; STATE; SPECTRUM; SRF; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; X2-SIGMA; MOMENTS AB The prospects for shielding ultracold, paramagnetic, dipolar molecules from inelastic and chemical collisions are investigated. Molecules placed in their first rotationally excited states are found to exhibit effective long-range repulsion for applied electric fields above a certain critical value, as previously shown for nonparamagnetic molecules. This repulsion can safely allow the molecules to scatter while reducing the risk of inelastic or chemically reactive collisions. Several molecular species of (2)Sigma molecules of experimental interest-RbSr, SrF, BaF, and YO-are considered, and all are shown to exhibit orders of magnitude suppression in quenching rates in a sufficiently strong laboratory electric field. It is further shown that, for these molecules described by Hund's coupling case (b), electronic and nuclear spins play the role of spectator with respect to the shielding. C1 [Quemener, Goulven] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Lab Aime Cotton, ENS Cachan,Univ Paris Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Quemener, G (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Lab Aime Cotton, ENS Cachan,Univ Paris Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France. FU COPOMOL project from Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-13-IS04-0004-01]; Universite Paris-Sud; project FEW2MANY from Triangle de la Physique [2014-0035T]; ARO MURI Grant [W911NF-12-1-0476] FX G.Q. acknowledges the financial support of the COPOMOL project (No. ANR-13-IS04-0004-01) from Agence Nationale de la Recherche, the project Attractivite 2014 from Universite Paris-Sud, and the project FEW2MANY (2014-0035T) from Triangle de la Physique. J.L.B. acknowledges support from an ARO MURI Grant No. W911NF-12-1-0476. We gratefully acknowledge discussions with Dave DeMille, Florian Schreck, and Jun Ye. We thank Piotr Zuchowski for providing us the electronic C6 coefficient between two RbSr molecules. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 11 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 1 AR 012704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.012704 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DA6CS UT WOS:000367890100009 ER PT J AU Ashenfelter, J Balantekin, B Baldenegro, CX Band, HR Barclay, G Bass, CD Berish, D Bowden, NS Bryan, CD Cherwinka, JJ Chu, R Classen, T Davee, D Dean, D Deichert, G Dolinski, MJ Dolph, J Dwyer, DA Fan, S Gaison, JK Galindo-Uribarri, A Gilje, K Glenn, A Green, M Han, K Hans, S Heeger, KM Heffron, B Jaffe, DE Kettell, S Langford, TJ Littlejohn, BR Martinez, D McKeown, RD Morrell, S Mueller, PE Mumm, HP Napolitano, J Norcini, D Pushin, D Romero, E Rosero, R Saldana, L Seilhan, BS Sharma, R Stemen, NT Surukuchi, PT Thompson, SJ Varner, RL Wang, W Watson, SM White, B White, C Wilhelmi, J Williams, C Wise, T Yao, H Yeh, M Yen, YR Zhang, C Zhang, X AF Ashenfelter, J. Balantekin, B. Baldenegro, C. X. Band, H. R. Barclay, G. Bass, C. D. Berish, D. Bowden, N. S. Bryan, C. D. Cherwinka, J. J. Chu, R. Classen, T. Davee, D. Dean, D. Deichert, G. Dolinski, M. J. Dolph, J. Dwyer, D. A. Fan, S. Gaison, J. K. Galindo-Uribarri, A. Gilje, K. Glenn, A. Green, M. Han, K. Hans, S. Heeger, K. M. Heffron, B. Jaffe, D. E. Kettell, S. Langford, T. J. Littlejohn, B. R. Martinez, D. McKeown, R. D. Morrell, S. Mueller, P. E. Mumm, H. P. Napolitano, J. Norcini, D. Pushin, D. Romero, E. Rosero, R. Saldana, L. Seilhan, B. S. Sharma, R. Stemen, N. T. Surukuchi, P. T. Thompson, S. J. Varner, R. L. Wang, W. Watson, S. M. White, B. White, C. Wilhelmi, J. Williams, C. Wise, T. Yao, H. Yeh, M. Yen, Y. -R. Zhang, C. Zhang, X. TI Background radiation measurements at high power research reactors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Research reactors; Background measurements; Reactor antineutrino detection ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA; NEUTRON DETECTION; DETECTOR; CRYSTALS; DECAY AB Research reactors host a wide range of activities that make use of the intense neutron fluxes generated at these facilities. Recent interest in performing measurements with relatively low event rates, e.g. reactor antineutrino detection, at these facilities necessitates a detailed understanding of background radiation fields. Both reactor-correlated and naturally occurring background sources are potentially important, even at levels well below those of importance for typical activities. Here we describe a comprehensive series of background assessments at three high-power research reactors, including gamma-ray, neutron, and muon measurements. For each facility we describe the characteristics and identify the sources of the background fields encountered. The general understanding gained of background production mechanisms and their relationship to facility features will prove valuable for the planning of any sensitive measurement conducted therein. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hans, S.; Rosero, R.; Yeh, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Dolph, J.; Jaffe, D. E.; Kettell, S.; Sharma, R.; Zhang, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Dolinski, M. J.; Gaison, J. K.; Yen, Y. -R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Morrell, S.; Thompson, S. J.; Watson, S. M.] Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Nonproliferat Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. [Gilje, K.; Littlejohn, B. R.; Martinez, D.; Surukuchi, P. T.; White, C.; Zhang, X.] IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Dwyer, D. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bowden, N. S.; Classen, T.; Glenn, A.; Seilhan, B. S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nucl & Chem Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bass, C. D.] Le Moyne Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. [Mumm, H. P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Baldenegro, C. X.; Barclay, G.; Bryan, C. D.; Chu, R.; Dean, D.; Deichert, G.; Fan, S.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Green, M.; Heffron, B.; Mueller, P. E.; Romero, E.; Varner, R. L.; White, B.; Williams, C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Berish, D.; Napolitano, J.; Wilhelmi, J.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Chu, R.; Fan, S.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Heffron, B.; Romero, E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pushin, D.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Pushin, D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Davee, D.; McKeown, R. D.; Wang, W.; Yao, H.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Balantekin, B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cherwinka, J. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Phys Sci Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ashenfelter, J.; Band, H. R.; Han, K.; Heeger, K. M.; Langford, T. J.; Norcini, D.; Saldana, L.; Stemen, N. T.; Wise, T.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, Wright Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Bowden, NS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nucl & Chem Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM nbowden@llnl.gov RI Han, Ke/D-3697-2017; OI Han, Ke/0000-0002-1609-7367; Surukuchi, Pranava Teja/0000-0002-7858-0370; Pushin, Dmitry/0000-0002-4594-3403; Norcini, Danielle/0000-0003-0075-5326; Zhang, Chao/0000-0003-2298-6272 FU Advanced Test Reactor at the Idaho National Laboratory; High Flux Isotope Reactor and the Physics Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; National Bureau of Standards Reactor at the National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; Yale University; LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support and hospitality of the Advanced Test Reactor at the Idaho National Laboratory; the High Flux Isotope Reactor and the Physics Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; and the National Bureau of Standards Reactor at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy.; This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. Additional support for this work is provided by Yale University.; LLNL-JRNL-669986. Prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2016 VL 806 BP 401 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2015.10.023 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA CW2XJ UT WOS:000364856100051 ER PT J AU Nazarian, A Presser, C AF Nazarian, Ashot Presser, Cary TI Thermal signature measurements for ammonium nitrate/fuel mixtures by laser heating SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Ammonium nitrate/fuel mixtures; Laser-driven thermal reactor; Oxidizer/fuel mixtures; Thermal signatures; Thermochemical behavior ID ACTIVATED CARBON MIXTURES; DETONATION VELOCITY; HOMEMADE EXPLOSIVES; METHODOLOGY AB Measurements were carried out to obtain thermal signatures of several ammonium nitrate/fuel (ANF) mixtures, using a laser-heating technique referred to as the laser-driven thermal reactor (LDTR). The mixtures were ammonium nitrate (AN)/kerosene, AN/ethylene glycol, AN/paraffin wax, AN/petroleum jelly, AN/confectioner's sugar, AN/cellulose (tissue paper), nitromethane/cellulose, nitrobenzene/cellulose, AN/cellulose/nitromethane, AN/cellulose/nitrobenzene. These mixtures were also compared with AN/nitromethane and AN/diesel fuel oil, obtained from an earlier investigation. Thermograms for the mixtures, as well as individual constituents, were compared to better understand how sample thermal signature changes with mixture composition. This is the first step in development of a thermal-signature database, to be used along with other signature databases, to improve identification of energetic substances of unknown composition. The results indicated that each individual thermal signature was associated unambiguously with a particular mixture composition. The signature features of a particular mixture were shaped by the individual constituent signatures. It was also uncovered that the baseline signature was modified after an experiment due to coating of unreacted residue on the substrate surface and a change in the reactor sphere oxide layer. Thus, care was required to pre-oxidize the sphere prior to an experiment. A minimum sample mass (which was dependent on composition) was required to detect the signature characteristics. Increased laser power served to magnify signal strength while preserving the signature features. For the mixtures examined, the thermal response of each ANF mixture was found to be different, which was based on the mixture composition and the thermal behavior of each mixture constituent. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nazarian, Ashot; Presser, Cary] NIST, Bldg 221,Rm B310,100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Presser, C (reprint author), NIST, Bldg 221,Rm B310,100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cpresser@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards (project manager Mr. J.P. Jones). The authors would like to thank Dr. K. Yeager (FBI Laboratory) for his technical communications and discussions, and Dr. P. Chu for her helpful comments. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 EI 1872-762X J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD JAN 10 PY 2016 VL 623 BP 120 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2015.10.017 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA DC4UC UT WOS:000369214800018 PM 26955190 ER PT J AU Steenbeek, J Buszowski, J Christensen, V Akoglu, E Aydin, K Ellis, N Felinto, D Guitton, J Lucey, S Kearney, K Mackinson, S Pan, M Platts, M Walters, C AF Steenbeek, Jeroen Buszowski, Joe Christensen, Villy Akoglu, Ekin Aydin, Kerim Ellis, Nick Felinto, Dalai Guitton, Jerome Lucey, Sean Kearney, Kelly Mackinson, Steven Pan, Mike Platts, Mark Walters, Carl TI Ecopath with Ecosim as a model-building toolbox: Source code capabilities, extensions, and variations SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Food web model; Ecopath with Ecosim; Ecosystem; Fisheries; Open source software; Model interoperability ID FOOD-WEB MODEL; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; MANAGEMENT OPTIONS; EXPLOITED ECOSYSTEMS; FISHERIES; DYNAMICS; PACIFIC; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS; GULF AB Ecopath with Ecosim (EWE) is a widely applied food web model that is mostly known as desktop software for the Microsoft Windows platform. The freely available Microsoft.NET source code of EwE, however, provides a range of possibilities to use the model in different ways, to customize and extend the model, and to execute the model on different operating systems. We provide an overview of the EwE source code, its philosophy, and its technical capabilities, targeted to model builders and advanced users of the EwE software. We showcase novel scientific applications of the EwE model that have been facilitated because of the modular approach of the system. We also present three additional versions of EwE that have been written in different computer languages for dedicated purposes. Lastly, we provide an entry point for users for obtaining and using the source code for custom purposes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Steenbeek, Jeroen; Buszowski, Joe] Ecopath Int Initiat Res Assoc, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Christensen, Villy; Felinto, Dalai; Pan, Mike; Walters, Carl] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Akoglu, Ekin] Ist Nazl Oceanog Geofis Sperimentale, Trieste, Italy. [Aydin, Kerim] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ellis, Nick] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia. [Guitton, Jerome] Univ Europeenne Bretagne, Ecol & Sante Ecosyst UMR985, Rennes, France. [Lucey, Sean] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02536 USA. [Kearney, Kelly] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mackinson, Steven; Platts, Mark] Ctr Fisheries Environm & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. RP Steenbeek, J (reprint author), Ecopath Int Initiat Res Assoc, Mestre Nicolau 8, Barcelona 08193, Spain. EM jeroen@ecopathinternational.org RI Kearney, Kelly/A-8673-2014; Steenbeek, Jeroen/F-9936-2016; Akoglu, Ekin/Q-1587-2015 OI Kearney, Kelly/0000-0002-6152-5236; Steenbeek, Jeroen/0000-0002-7878-8075; Akoglu, Ekin/0000-0002-2814-3527 FU TRIL (Training and Research in Italian Laboratories) programme of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP, Trieste); Lenfest Ocean Program FX EwE-F has been developed by team work of Ekin Akoglu, Simone Libralato, Bads Salihoglu, Temel Oguz and Cosimo Solidoro and results from the collaborative effort of IMS-METU (Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Turkey) and OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Italy). The EwE-F development benefited in part from the support of the TRIL (Training and Research in Italian Laboratories) programme of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP, Trieste).; The Ecopath .NET development team wishes to acknowledge the Lenfest Ocean Program (www.lenfestocean.org) for funding the reimplementation of the EwE software and the conceptualization of OceanViz until 2009. We wish to thank all EwE users and Ecopath Research and Development Consortium members who, through commissioning developments and applications, have been securing the future of the EwE approach since 2009. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 10 PY 2016 VL 319 SI SI BP 178 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.06.031 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ9JI UT WOS:000367413500016 ER PT J AU Gong, ZX Maghrebi, MF Hu, A Wall, ML Foss-Feig, M Gorshkov, AV AF Gong, Z. -X. Maghrebi, M. F. Hu, A. Wall, M. L. Foss-Feig, M. Gorshkov, A. V. TI Topological phases with long-range interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HALDANE-GAP ANTIFERROMAGNETS; QUANTUM SPIN CHAINS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; FIELD-THEORY; INSULATORS; STATES; PROPAGATION; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB Topological phases ofmatter are primarily studied in systems with short-range interactions. In nature, however, nonrelativistic quantum systems often exhibit long-range interactions. Under what conditions topological phases survive such interactions, and how they are modified when they do, is largely unknown. By studying the symmetry-protected topological phase of an antiferromagnetic spin-1 chain with 1/r(alpha) interactions, we show that two very different outcomes are possible, depending on whether or not the interactions are frustrated. While unfrustrated long-range interactions can destroy the topological phase for alpha less than or similar to 3, the topological phase survives frustrated interactions for all alpha > 0. Our conclusions are based on strikingly consistent results from large-scale matrix-product-state simulations and effective-field-theory calculations, and we expect them to hold for more general interacting spin systems. The models we study can be naturally realized in trapped-ion quantum simulators, opening the prospect for experimental investigation of the issues confronted here. C1 [Gong, Z. -X.; Maghrebi, M. F.; Hu, A.; Foss-Feig, M.; Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gong, Z. -X.; Maghrebi, M. F.; Foss-Feig, M.; Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hu, A.] Amer Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Wall, M. L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gong, ZX (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM gzx@umd.edu RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Gong, Zhexuan/G-4348-2016 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; FU AFOSR; NSF PIF; ARO; NSF PFC at the JQI; ARL; AFOSR MURI; NRC FX We thank C. Monroe, G. Pupillo, A. Turner, J. Sau, M. Hafezi, J. Pixley, P. Richerme, C. Senko, P. Hess, B. Neyenhuis, A. Lee, J. Smith, A. M. Rey, S. Manmana, and K. Hazzard for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the AFOSR, NSF PIF, the ARO, NSF PFC at the JQI, the ARL, and the AFOSR MURI. M.F.-F. and M.L.W. thank the NRC for support. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 8 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 4 AR 041102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.041102 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DA4OZ UT WOS:000367780600001 ER PT J AU Sagar, DM Baddour, FG Konold, P Ullom, J Ruddy, DA Johnson, JC Jimenez, R AF Sagar, D. M. Baddour, Frederick G. Konold, Patrick Ullom, Joel Ruddy, Daniel A. Johnson, Justin C. Jimenez, Ralph TI Femtosecond Measurements Of Size-Dependent Spin Crossover In Fe-II(pyz)Pt(CN)(4) Nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION POLYMERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEXES; DYNAMICS; NANOPARTICLES; BISTABILITY; TRANSITION; STATES; NI AB We report a femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopic study of size-dependent dynamics in nanocrystals (NCs) of Fe(pyz)Pt(CN)(4). We observe that smaller NCs (123 or 78 nm cross section and <25 nm thickness) exhibit signatures of spin crossover (SCO) with time constants of similar to 5-10 ps whereas larger NCs with 375 nm cross section and 43 nm thickness exhibit a weaker SCO signature accompanied by strong spectral shifting on a similar to 20 ps time scale. For the small NCs, the fast dynamics appear to result from thermal promotion of residual low-spin states to high-spin states following nonradiative decay, and the size dependence is postulated to arise from differing high-spin vs low-spin fractions in domains residing in strained surface regions. The SCO is less efficient in larger NCs owing to their larger size and hence lower residual LS/HS fractions. Our results suggest that size-dependent dynamics can be controlled by tuning surface energy in NCs with dimensions below similar to 25 nm for use in energy harvesting, spin switching, and other applications. C1 [Sagar, D. M.; Konold, Patrick; Jimenez, Ralph] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sagar, D. M.; Konold, Patrick; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ullom, Joel] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ruddy, Daniel A.; Johnson, Justin C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sagar, DM (reprint author), NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM manjunatha.dodderi@colorado.edu; justin.johnson@nrel.gov; rjimenez@jila.colorado.edu FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program; DOE, Office of Science, Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences, and Geoscience [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; NREL FX Supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program. J.C.J. acknowledges the DOE, Office of Science, Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences, and Geoscience (contract no DE-AC36-08GO28308 with NREL). We thank Prof. Niels Damrauer and Prof. Jose Real for useful discussions and Joe Ryerson and Tom Silva for assistance with absorption and magnetic susceptibility measurements. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett5b02435 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DA7EZ UT WOS:000367968700026 PM 26652065 ER PT J AU Gruber, JD Chen, W Parnham, S Beauchesne, K Moeller, P Flume, PA Zhang, YM AF Gruber, Jordon D. Chen, Wei Parnham, Stuart Beauchesne, Kevin Moeller, Peter Flume, Patrick A. Zhang, Yong-Mei TI The role of 2,4-dihydroxyquinoline (DHQ) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quorum sensing; Pathogenicity; Cystic fibrosis; Pseudomonas guinolone signal; Transcriptional regulation ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS PATIENTS; QUINOLONE SIGNAL SYNTHESIS; TO-CELL COMMUNICATION; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; INFECTIONS; MOLECULES; VIRULENCE; MODEL; PATHOGENESIS; SYSTEM AB Bacteria synchronize group behaviors using quorum sensing, which is advantageous during an infection to thwart immune cell attack and resist deleterious changes in the environment. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (Pqs) quorum-sensing system is an important component of an interconnected intercellular communication network. Two alkylquinolones, 2-heptyl-4-quinolone (HHQ) and 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS), activate transcriptional regulator PqsR to promote the production of quinolone signals and virulence factors. Our the most abundant quinolone produced from the Pqs system, 2,4-dihydroxyquinoline work focused on (DHQ), which was shown previously to sustain pyocyanin production and antifungal activity of P. aeruginosa. However, little is known about how DHQ affects P. aeruginosa pathogenicity. Using C. elegans as a model for P. aeruginosa infection, we found pqs mutants only able to produce DHQ maintained virulence towards the nematodes similar to wild-type. In addition, DHQ-only producing mutants displayed increased colonization of C. elegans and virulence factor production compared to a quinolone-null strain. DHQ also bound to PqsR and activated the transcription of pqs operon. More importantly, high extracellular concentration of DHQ was maintained in both aerobic and anaerobic growth. High levels of DHQ were also detected in the sputum samples of cystic fibrosis patients. Taken together, our findings suggest DHQ may play an important role in sustaining P. aeruginosa pathogenicity under oxygen-limiting conditions. C1 [Gruber, Jordon D.; Chen, Wei; Parnham, Stuart; Zhang, Yong-Mei] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Beauchesne, Kevin; Moeller, Peter] Natl Ocean Serv, Nat Prod Chem, Charleston, SC USA. [Flume, Patrick A.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Zhang, YM (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM zhangym@musc.edu FU Cystic Fibrosis Foundation [ZHANG12I0]; COBRE in Lipidomics and Pathobiology at the Medical University of South Carolina (NIH) [P20 RR017677]; DOD/DMRDP [DM090161]; South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research (SCTR) Institute; Medical University of South Carolina (NIH/NCATS) [UL1 TR000062]; Medical University of South Carolina via SCTR Predoctoral Clinical & Translational Research Training Program (NIH/NCATS) [TL1 TR000061] FX This work was supported in part by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (ZHANG12I0), by the COBRE in Lipidomics and Pathobiology at the Medical University of South Carolina (NIH P20 RR017677), by the DOD/DMRDP (DM090161), and by the South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research (SCTR) Institute, with an academic home at the Medical University of South Carolina (NIH/NCATS UL1 TR000062). JDG was supported by the South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research (SCTR) Institute, with an academic home at the Medical University of South Carolina, via the SCTR Predoctoral Clinical & Translational Research Training Program (NIH/NCATS TL1 TR000061). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD JAN 7 PY 2016 VL 4 AR e1495 DI 10.7717/peerj.1495 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DA8OX UT WOS:000368065900001 PM 26788419 ER PT J AU Cockayne, E Mihalkovic, M Henley, CL AF Cockayne, Eric Mihalkovic, Marek Henley, Christopher L. TI Structure of periodic crystals and quasicrystals in ultrathin films of Ba-Ti-O SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SILICA; GRAPHENE AB We model the remarkable thin-film Ba-Ti-O structures formed by heat treatment of an initial perovskite BaTiO3 thin film on a Pt(111) surface. All structures contain a rumpled Ti-O network with all Ti threefold coordinated with O and with Ba occupying the larger. mainly Ti7O7, pores. The quasicrystal structure is a simple decoration of three types of tiles: square, triangle, and 30 degrees. rhombus, with edge lengths 6.85 angstrom, joined edge-to-edge in a quasicrystalline pattern; observed periodic crystals in ultrathin film Ba-Ti-O are built from these and other tiles. Simulated STM images reproduce the patterns seen experimentally and identify the bright protrusions as Ba atoms. The models are consistent with all experimental observations. C1 [Cockayne, Eric] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mihalkovic, Marek] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Bratislava 84511, Slovakia. [Henley, Christopher L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Cockayne, E (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.cockayne@nist.gov FU DOE [DE-FG02-89ER45405]; [VEGA 2/0189/14]; [APVV-0076-11] FX The authors thank Terrell A. Vanderah (NIST) for helpful discussions. M.M. was supported by Slovak Grant Nos. VEGA 2/0189/14 and APVV-0076-11. C.L.H. received support from DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-89ER45405. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 7 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 2 AR 020101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.020101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DA2YF UT WOS:000367662400001 ER PT J AU Natterer, FD Ha, J Baek, H Zhang, DM Cullen, WG Zhitenev, NB Kuk, Y Stroscio, JA AF Natterer, Fabian D. Ha, Jeonghoon Baek, Hongwoo Zhang, Duming Cullen, William G. Zhitenev, Nikolai B. Kuk, Young Stroscio, Joseph A. TI Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of proximity superconductivity in epitaxial multilayer graphene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We report on spatial measurements of the superconducting proximity effect in epitaxial graphene induced by a graphene-superconductor interface. Superconducting aluminum films were grown on epitaxial multilayer graphene on SiC. The aluminum films were discontinuous, with networks of trenches in the film morphology reaching down to exposed graphene terraces. Scanning tunneling spectra measured on the graphene terraces show a clear decay of the superconducting energy gap with increasing separation from the graphene-aluminum edges. The spectra were well described by BCS theory. The decay length for the superconducting energy gap in graphene was determined to be greater than 400 nm. Deviations in the exponentially decaying energy gap were also observed on a much smaller length scale of tens of nanometers. C1 [Natterer, Fabian D.; Ha, Jeonghoon; Baek, Hongwoo; Zhang, Duming; Cullen, William G.; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ha, Jeonghoon; Zhang, Duming; Cullen, William G.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Baek, Hongwoo; Kuk, Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. RP Stroscio, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.stroscio@nist.gov RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [158468]; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Research Foundation of Korea [KRF-2010-00349] FX F.D.N. greatly appreciates support from the Swiss National Science Foundation under Project No. 158468. J.H., D.Z., and W.C. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Grant No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. H.B. and Y.K. are partly supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea through Grant No. KRF-2010-00349. We would like to thank Steve Blankenship, Glen Holland, and Alan Band for technical assistance. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 7 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 4 AR 045406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.045406 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DA2ZO UT WOS:000367665900004 ER PT J AU Teufel, JD Lecocq, F Simmonds, RW AF Teufel, J. D. Lecocq, F. Simmonds, R. W. TI Overwhelming Thermomechanical Motion with Microwave Radiation Pressure Shot Noise SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STANDARD QUANTUM LIMIT; NANOMECHANICAL MOTION; MECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; CAVITY; FORCE; FLUCTUATIONS AB We measure the fundamental noise processes associated with a continuous linear position measurement of a micromechanical membrane incorporated in a microwave cavity optomechanical circuit. We observe the trade-off between the two fundamental sources of noise that enforce the standard quantum limit: the measurement imprecision and radiation pressure backaction from photon shot noise. We demonstrate that the quantum backaction of the measurement can overwhelm the intrinsic thermal motion by 24 dB, entering a new regime for cavity optomechanical systems. C1 [Teufel, J. D.; Lecocq, F.; Simmonds, R. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Teufel, JD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.teufel@nist.gov RI Teufel, John/A-8898-2010; Lecocq, Florent/A-9613-2015 OI Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941; Lecocq, Florent/0000-0002-3950-0024 FU NIST; DARPA QuASAR program FX This work was supported by NIST and the DARPA QuASAR program. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 1 AR 013602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.013602 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DA3DZ UT WOS:000367678200006 PM 26799018 ER PT J AU Ford, MJ Hempelmann, J Hanson, MB Ayres, KL Baird, RW Emmons, CK Lundin, JI Schorr, GS Wasser, SK Park, LK AF Ford, Michael J. Hempelmann, Jennifer Hanson, M. Bradley Ayres, Katherine L. Baird, Robin W. Emmons, Candice K. Lundin, Jessica I. Schorr, Gregory S. Wasser, Samuel K. Park, Linda K. TI Estimation of a Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Population's Diet Using Sequencing Analysis of DNA from Feces SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PREY ABUNDANCE; DIVERSITY; PREDATION; DECLINE; ALASKA AB Estimating diet composition is important for understanding interactions between predators and prey and thus illuminating ecosystem function. The diet of many species, however, is difficult to observe directly. Genetic analysis of fecal material collected in the field is therefore a useful tool for gaining insight into wild animal diets. In this study, we used high-throughput DNA sequencing to quantitatively estimate the diet composition of an endangered population of wild killer whales (Orcinus orca) in their summer range in the Salish Sea. We combined 175 fecal samples collected between May and September from five years between 2006 and 2011 into 13 sample groups. Two known DNA composition control groups were also created. Each group was sequenced at a similar to 330bp segment of the 16s gene in the mitochondrial genome using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing system. After several quality controls steps, 4,987,107 individual sequences were aligned to a custom sequence database containing 19 potential fish prey species and the most likely species of each fecal-derived sequence was determined. Based on these alignments, salmonids made up >98.6% of the total sequences and thus of the inferred diet. Of the six salmonid species, Chinook salmon made up 79.5% of the sequences, followed by coho salmon (15%). Over all years, a clear pattern emerged with Chinook salmon dominating the estimated diet early in the summer, and coho salmon contributing an average of >40% of the diet in late summer. Sockeye salmon appeared to be occasionally important, at >18% in some sample groups. Non-salmonids were rarely observed. Our results are consistent with earlier results based on surface prey remains, and confirm the importance of Chinook salmon in this population's summer diet. C1 [Ford, Michael J.; Hempelmann, Jennifer; Hanson, M. Bradley; Emmons, Candice K.; Park, Linda K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ayres, Katherine L.; Lundin, Jessica I.; Wasser, Samuel K.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baird, Robin W.; Schorr, Gregory S.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Ford, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mike.ford@noaa.gov FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Washington Sea Grant [NA10OAR417005]; Canadian Consulate General; Center for Conservation Biology; Northwest Science Association; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement [91735201] FX Funding was provided by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Washington Sea Grant award no. NA10OAR417005; Canadian Consulate General; Center for Conservation Biology; Northwest Science Association; and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. 91735201. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 56 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 6 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 AR e0144956 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0144956 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DA4XE UT WOS:000367805100016 PM 26735849 ER PT J AU Driggers, WB Campbell, MD Debose, AJ Hannan, KM Hendon, MD Martin, TL Nichols, CC AF Driggers, W. B., III Campbell, M. D. Debose, A. J. Hannan, K. M. Hendon, M. D. Martin, T. L. Nichols, C. C. TI Environmental conditions and catch rates of predatory fishes associated with a mass mortality on the West Florida Shelf SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd workshop on sediment dynamics of muddy coasts and estuaries: Physics, biology and their interactions CY OCT 23-26, 2015 CL Zhoushan, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Brevetoxin; Epinephelus morio; Hypoxia; Karenia brevis; Neurotoxin; Red grouper; Red tide; West Florida Shelf ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; RED TIDE; MOBILE-BAY; GULF; MEXICO; COMMUNITIES; ALABAMA AB While conducting a standardized fisheries-independent longline survey in the northern Gulf of Mexico on August 20-21, 2014, dead and/or moribund fishes, estimated to number in the thousands, were observed within a well-defined area of the West Florida Shelf. Fishes from 15 families were identified; however, numerous individuals of relatively large-bodied serranid species were decomposed beyond a state that would allow for identification below the family level. Based on survey catch data from previous years and morphological characteristics associated with the decomposing fishes, it was determined that most of the large unidentified fishes were red grouper (Epinephelus morio). Water profiler cast data collected within the area demonstrated that when compared to previous years (1995-2013) bottom temperature and salinity were consistent with what would be expected; however, dissolved oxygen concentration was lower than normal, and in some cases, hypoxic and chlorophyll a and transmissivity values were anomalously high and low, respectively. Hypoxia, high chlorophyll a concentrations and low transmissivity are thought to have resulted from a bloom of Karenia brevis, which was documented to have occurred in close proximity to the sampling area. As necropsies were not performed, it was not possible to state a definitive cause of death as the effects of brevetoxins are species-specific. However, numerous individuals of most impacted species were observed floating incapacitated, yet alive, in normoxic surface waters suggesting that the impacts we observed were due to the neurotoxicological and/or hemolytic effects of a harmful algal bloom. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Driggers, W. B., III; Campbell, M. D.; Debose, A. J.; Hannan, K. M.; Hendon, M. D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Martin, T. L.; Nichols, C. C.] NOAA, Off Marine & Aviat Operat, NOAA Ship OREGON 2, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Driggers, WB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM william.driggers@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN 5 PY 2016 VL 168 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.11.009 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DB0OZ UT WOS:000368208700006 ER PT J AU Olsen, E Fay, G Gaichas, S Gamble, R Lucey, S Link, JS AF Olsen, Erik Fay, Gavin Gaichas, Sarah Gamble, Robert Lucey, Sean Link, Jason S. TI Ecosystem Model Skill Assessment. Yes We Can! SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; MARINE SYSTEM; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; VALIDATION; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; STRATEGY; LESSONS; CLIMATE AB Need to Assess the Skill of Ecosystem Models Accelerated changes to global ecosystems call for holistic and integrated analyses of past, present and future states under various pressures to adequately understand current and projected future system states. Ecosystem models can inform management of human activities in a complex and changing environment, but are these models reliable? Ensuring that models are reliable for addressing management questions requires evaluating their skill in representing real-world processes and dynamics. Skill has been evaluated for just a limited set of some biophysical models. A range of skill assessment methods have been reviewed but skill assessment of full marine ecosystem models has not yet been attempted. Northeast US Atlantis Marine Ecosystem Model We assessed the skill of the Northeast U.S. (NEUS) Atlantis marine ecosystem model by comparing 10-year model forecasts with observed data. Model forecast performance was compared to that obtained from a 40-year hindcast. Multiple metrics (average absolute error, root mean squared error, modeling efficiency, and Spearman rank correlation), and a suite of time-series (species biomass, fisheries landings, and ecosystem indicators) were used to adequately measure model skill. Overall, the NEUS model performed above average and thus better than expected for the key species that had been the focus of the model tuning. Model forecast skill was comparable to the hindcast skill, showing that model performance does not degenerate in a 10-year forecast mode, an important characteristic for an end-to-end ecosystem model to be useful for strategic management purposes. Skill Assessment Is Both Possible and Advisable We identify best-practice approaches for end-to-end ecosystem model skill assessment that would improve both operational use of other ecosystem models and future model development. We show that it is possible to not only assess the skill of a complicated marine ecosystem model, but that it is necessary do so to instill confidence in model results and encourage their use for strategic management. Our methods are applicable to any type of predictive model, and should be considered for use in fields outside ecology (e.g. economics, climate change, and risk assessment). C1 [Olsen, Erik] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Olsen, Erik; Gaichas, Sarah; Gamble, Robert; Lucey, Sean] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fay, Gavin] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. [Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Olsen, E (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, PB 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. EM eriko@imr.no OI Olsen, Erik/0000-0002-7552-2335 FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service; Institute of Marine Research FX NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service and the Institute of Marine Research used their own funding to carry out this work. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 5 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 AR e0146467 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0146467 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DA4VZ UT WOS:000367801400181 PM 26731540 ER PT J AU Zona, D Gioli, B Commane, R Lindaas, J Wofsy, SC Miller, CE Dinardo, SJ Dengel, S Sweeney, C Karion, A Chang, RYW Henderson, JM Murphy, PC Goodrich, JP Moreaux, V Liljedahl, A Watts, JD Kimball, JS Lipson, DA Oechel, WC AF Zona, Donatella Gioli, Beniamino Commane, Roisin Lindaas, Jakob Wofsy, Steven C. Miller, Charles E. Dinardo, Steven J. Dengel, Sigrid Sweeney, Colm Karion, Anna Chang, Rachel Y. -W. Henderson, John M. Murphy, Patrick C. Goodrich, Jordan P. Moreaux, Virginie Liljedahl, Anna Watts, Jennifer D. Kimball, John S. Lipson, David A. Oechel, Walter C. TI Cold season emissions dominate the Arctic tundra methane budget SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE permafrost; aircraft; fall; winter; warming ID EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PERMAFROST CARBON; ACTIVE LAYER; WEST SIBERIA; CH4 FLUX; MODELS; CO2; AIRCRAFT AB Arctic terrestrial ecosystems are major global sources of methane (CH4); hence, it is important to understand the seasonal and climatic controls on CH4 emissions from these systems. Here, we report year-round CH4 emissions from Alaskan Arctic tundra eddy flux sites and regional fluxes derived from aircraft data. We find that emissions during the cold season (September to May) account for >= 50% of the annual CH4 flux, with the highest emissions from noninundated upland tundra. A major fraction of cold season emissions occur during the "zero curtain" period, when subsurface soil temperatures are poised near 0 degrees C. The zero curtain may persist longer than the growing season, and CH4 emissions are enhanced when the duration is extended by a deep thawed layer as can occur with thick snow cover. Regional scale fluxes of CH4 derived from aircraft data demonstrate the large spatial extent of late season CH4 emissions. Scaled to the circumpolar Arctic, cold season fluxes from tundra total 12 +/- 5 (95% confidence interval) Tg CH4 y(-1), similar to 25% of global emissions from extratropical wetlands, or similar to 6% of total global wetland methane emissions. The dominance of late-season emissions, sensitivity to soil environmental conditions, and importance of dry tundra are not currently simulated in most global climate models. Because Arctic warming disproportionally impacts the cold season, our results suggest that higher cold-season CH4 emissions will result from observed and predicted increases in snow thickness, active layer depth, and soil temperature, representing important positive feedbacks on climate warming. C1 [Zona, Donatella; Murphy, Patrick C.; Goodrich, Jordan P.; Moreaux, Virginie; Lipson, David A.; Oechel, Walter C.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Zona, Donatella] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Gioli, Beniamino] CNR, Inst Biometeorol, I-50145 Florence, Italy. [Commane, Roisin; Lindaas, Jakob; Wofsy, Steven C.; Chang, Rachel Y. -W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Miller, Charles E.; Dinardo, Steven J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dengel, Sigrid] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Sweeney, Colm; Karion, Anna] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chang, Rachel Y. -W.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Henderson, John M.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Liljedahl, Anna] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Liljedahl, Anna] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Watts, Jennifer D.; Kimball, John S.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Oechel, Walter C.] Open Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Ecosyst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Zona, D (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM dzona@mail.sdsu.edu RI Zona, Donatella/G-4039-2010; Commane, Roisin/E-4835-2016; Dengel, Sigrid/F-7488-2016; Gioli, Beniamino/A-1251-2009; OI Commane, Roisin/0000-0003-1373-1550; Dengel, Sigrid/0000-0002-4774-9188; Gioli, Beniamino/0000-0001-7631-2623; Lindaas, Jakob/0000-0003-1872-3162 FU Division of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation (NSF) [1204263]; Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), an Earth Ventures investigation, under National Aeronautics and Space Administration [EV-1]; Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC005160]; NSF Division of Polar Programs FX We thank the Global Change Research Group at San Diego State University, UMIAQ, Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation (UIC), CH2M HILL Polar Services for logistical support; Salvatore Losacco, Owen Hayman, and Herbert Njuabe for help with field data collection; David Beerling for comments on the manuscript; Scot Miller for suggestions on the statistical analysis; and George Burba for suggestions on the data quality assessment. The statistical analysis was performed using R, and we thank the R Developing Core Team. This research was conducted on land owned by the UIC. This work was funded by the Division of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation (NSF) (Award 1204263); Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), an Earth Ventures (EV-1) investigation, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; and Department of Energy (DOE) Grant DE-SC005160. Logistical support was funded by the NSF Division of Polar Programs. NR 64 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 27 U2 80 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 5 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 1 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1073/pnas.1516017113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DA0XH UT WOS:000367520400029 PM 26699476 ER PT J AU Ma, J Zhao, HY Sandmaier, J Liddle, JA Schuck, P AF Ma, Jia Zhao, Huaying Sandmaier, Julia Liddle, J. Alexander Schuck, Peter TI Variable Field Analytical Ultracentrifugation: II. Gravitational Sweep Sedimentation Velocity SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; LAMM EQUATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; ACCURACY; SYSTEMS; SPEED AB Sedimentation velocity (SV) analytical ultracentrifugation is a classical biophysical technique for the determination of the size-distribution of macromolecules, macromolecular complexes, and nanoparticles. SV has traditionally been carried out at a constant rotor speed, which limits the range of sedimentation coefficients that can be detected in a single experiment. Recently we have introduced methods to implement experiments with variable rotor speeds, in combination with variable field solutions to the Lamm equation, with the application to expedite the approach to sedimentation equilibrium. Here, we describe the use of variable-field sedimentation analysis to increase the size-range covered in SV experiments by similar to 100-fold with a quasi-continuous increase of rotor speed during the experiment. Such a gravitational-sweep sedimentation approach has previously been shown to be very effective in the study of nanoparticles with large size ranges. In the past, diffusion processes were not accounted for, thereby posing a lower limit of particle sizes and limiting the accuracy of the size distribution. In this work, we combine variable field solutions to the Lamm equation with diffusion-deconvoluted sedimentation coefficient distributions c(s), which further extend the macromolecular size range that can be observed in a single SV experiment while maintaining accuracy and resolution. In this way, approximately five orders of magnitude of sedimentation coefficients, or eight orders of magnitude of particle mass, can be probed in a single experiment. This can be useful, for example, in the study of proteins forming large assemblies, as in fibrillation process or capsid self-assembly, in studies of the interaction between very dissimilar-sized macromolecular species, or in the study of broadly distributed nanoparticles. C1 [Ma, Jia; Zhao, Huaying; Schuck, Peter] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Dynam Macromol Assembly Sect, Lab Cellular Imaging & Macromol Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sandmaier, Julia; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schuck, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Dynam Macromol Assembly Sect, Lab Cellular Imaging & Macromol Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM schuckp@mail.nih.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Schuck, Peter/0000-0002-8859-6966 FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 5 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 1 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.027 PG 10 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DA4QD UT WOS:000367783900002 PM 26745414 ER PT J AU Vissers, MR Erickson, RP Ku, HS Vale, L Wu, X Hilton, GC Pappas, DP AF Vissers, M. R. Erickson, R. P. Ku, H-S. Vale, Leila Wu, Xian Hilton, G. C. Pappas, D. P. TI Low-noise kinetic inductance traveling-wave amplifier using three-wave mixing SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC-AMPLIFIER; BAND; DETECTOR AB We have fabricated a wide-bandwidth, high dynamic range, low-noise cryogenic amplifier based on a superconducting kinetic inductance traveling-wave device. The device was made from NbTiN and consisted of a long, coplanar waveguide on a silicon chip. By adding a DC current and an RF pump tone, we are able to generate parametric amplification using three-wave mixing (3WM). The devices exhibit gain of more than 15 dB across an instantaneous bandwidth from 4 to 8 GHz. The total usable gain bandwidth, including both sides of the signal-idler gain region, is more than 6 GHz. The noise referred to the input of the devices approaches the quantum limit, with less than 1 photon excess noise. We compare these results directly to the four-wave mixing amplification mode, i.e., without DC-biasing. We find that the 3WM mode allows operation with the pump at lower RF power and at frequencies far from the signal. We have used this knowledge to redesign the amplifiers to utilize primarily 3WM amplification, thereby allowing for direct integration into large scale qubit and detector applications. C1 [Vissers, M. R.; Erickson, R. P.; Ku, H-S.; Vale, Leila; Wu, Xian; Hilton, G. C.; Pappas, D. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pappas, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM David.Pappas@NIST.gov FU Army Research Office; NIST Quantum Initiative; U.S. Department of Commerce, NIST [60NANB14D024] FX This work was supported by the Army Research Office and the NIST Quantum Initiative. R.P.E. acknowledges Grant No. 60NANB14D024 from the U.S. Department of Commerce, NIST. We would also like to thank Lucas Heitzmann Gabrielli for his open-source library gdspy and Josh Mutus for useful discussions about three wave mixing in traveling wave devices, as well as Jiansong Gao and Eric Holland for additional important discussions. This work is property of the U.S. Government and not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 4 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 AR 012601 DI 10.1063/1.4937922 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DJ6HU UT WOS:000374313000042 ER PT J AU Porsev, SG Kozlov, MG Safronova, MS Tupitsyn, II AF Porsev, S. G. Kozlov, M. G. Safronova, M. S. Tupitsyn, I. I. TI Development of the configuration-interaction plus all-order method and application to the parity-nonconserving amplitude and other properties of Pb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENT; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-ROTATION; ISOTOPE SHIFTS; HARTREE-FOCK; ATOMIC LEAD; TRANSITION; THALLIUM; LINES; ELECTRONS AB We have developed a significantly more flexible variant of the relativistic atomic method of calculation that combines configuration-interaction and coupled-cluster approaches. The new version is no longer restricted to a specific choice of the initial approximation corresponding to the self-consistent field of the atomic core. We have applied this approach to calculation of different properties of atomic lead, including the energy levels, hyperfine structure constants, electric-dipole transition amplitudes, and E1 parity nonconserving (PNC) amplitude for the 6p(2) P-3(0) -6p(2) P-3(1) transition. The uncertainty of the E1 PNC amplitude was reduced by a factor of two in comparison with the previous most accurate calculation [V. A. Dzuba et al., Europhys. Lett. 7, 413 (1988)]. Our value for the weak charge Q(W) = -117(5) is in agreement with the standard-model prediction. C1 [Porsev, S. G.; Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Porsev, S. G.; Kozlov, M. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Kozlov, M. G.] St Petersburg Electrotech Univ LETI, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tupitsyn, I. I.] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. RP Porsev, SG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Kozlov, Mikhail/D-8963-2011; Tupitsyn, Ilya/J-6611-2013 OI Kozlov, Mikhail/0000-0002-7751-6553; Tupitsyn, Ilya/0000-0001-9237-5667 FU U.S. NSF [PHY-1404156, PHY-1212442, PHY-1520993]; RFBR [14-02-00241, 15-03-07644] FX This work was supported in part by U.S. NSF Grants No. PHY-1404156, No. PHY-1212442, and No. PHY-1520993 and RFBR Grants No. 14-02-00241 and No. 15-03-07644. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 4 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 1 AR 012501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.012501 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DA2WP UT WOS:000367658200007 ER PT J AU Jue, E Thiaville, A Pizzini, S Miltat, J Sampaio, J Buda-Prejbeanu, LD Rohart, S Vogel, J Bonfim, M Boulle, O Auffret, S Miron, IM Gaudin, G AF Jue, E. Thiaville, A. Pizzini, S. Miltat, J. Sampaio, J. Buda-Prejbeanu, L. D. Rohart, S. Vogel, J. Bonfim, M. Boulle, O. Auffret, S. Miron, I. M. Gaudin, G. TI Domain wall dynamics in ultrathin Pt/Co/AlOx microstrips under large combined magnetic fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL SPIN TORQUE; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; INPLANE; MOTION; FILMS AB The dynamics of magnetic domain walls in ultrathin strip-patterned Pt/Co/AlOx samples with perpendicular easy axis has been studied experimentally under an easy-axis field, superposed to a hard-axis field oriented along the strip. The easy-axis field is large so that the domain walls move well beyond the creep regime. A chiral effect is observed where the domain wall velocity shows a monotonous and surprisingly large variation with an in-plane field. A micromagnetic analysis, combining analytic, one-dimensional, and two-dimensional simulations with structural disorder, shows that this behavior can be reproduced with a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction of the interfacial type, with due consideration of the dynamics of the tilt degree of freedom of the domain wall. The estimated effective value of this interaction (D approximate to -2.2mJ/m(2) for a 0.6 nm Co thickness) is consistent with values obtained by other techniques. It is also shown, by micromagnetic analysis, that several modes and characteristic times occur in the dynamics of the tilt of such domain walls. C1 [Jue, E.; Pizzini, S.; Buda-Prejbeanu, L. D.; Vogel, J.; Boulle, O.; Auffret, S.; Miron, I. M.; Gaudin, G.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Jue, E.; Buda-Prejbeanu, L. D.; Boulle, O.; Auffret, S.; Miron, I. M.; Gaudin, G.] CEA Grenoble, INAC, SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Jue, E.; Buda-Prejbeanu, L. D.; Boulle, O.; Auffret, S.; Miron, I. M.; Gaudin, G.] CNRS, SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Thiaville, A.; Miltat, J.; Sampaio, J.; Rohart, S.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8502, Lab Phys Solides, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Pizzini, S.; Vogel, J.] CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Bonfim, M.] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Engn Eletr, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Jue, E (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM emilie.jue.spintec@gmail.com; andre.thiaville@u-psud.fr RI Sampaio, Joao/A-6164-2017 OI Sampaio, Joao/0000-0002-0460-3664 FU Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR 11 BS10 008 ESPERADO] FX This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Project No. ANR 11 BS10 008 ESPERADO. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 4 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 1 AR 014403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.014403 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DA2XK UT WOS:000367660300003 ER PT J AU Carter, MID Cox, SL Scales, KL Bicknell, AWJ Nicholson, MD Atkins, KM Morgan, G Morgan, L Grecian, WJ Patrick, SC Votier, SC AF Carter, Matt I. D. Cox, Samantha L. Scales, Kylie L. Bicknell, Anthony W. J. Nicholson, Matthew D. Atkins, Kelly M. Morgan, Greg Morgan, Lisa Grecian, W. James Patrick, Samantha C. Votier, Stephen C. TI GPS tracking reveals rafting behaviour of Northern Gannets (Morus bassanus): implications for foraging ecology and conservation SO BIRD STUDY LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL INFORMATION; COMMON MURRES; CAPE GANNETS; SEABIRD; COLONY; FISHERIES; PREY; IMPACTS AB Capsule Three quarters of tracked Northern Gannets (Morus bassanus) at Grassholm gathered in rafts around the colony, concentrated within a recently designated at-sea Special Protection Area (SPA), but rafting was not correlated with foraging effort. Aims To investigate the incidence, distribution and foraging implications of Northern Gannet rafting behaviour in waters adjacent to a large colony. Methods Using bird-borne global positioning system (GPS) loggers we reconstructed at-sea movement and used a speed filter to identify rafting behaviour within 10 km of the colony. We mapped the spatial distribution of rafting events from 160 breeding individuals over 5 years, and investigated the relationship between foraging effort (trip duration and total distance travelled) and the presence/absence of rafting. Results On average, 74% of tracked birds engaged in rafting. Of the 381 foraging trips analysed, rafting was recorded on 237 (62%). Birds were more likely to raft on outbound (224 trips, 59%), than inbound journeys (38 trips, 10%). Presence/absence of rafting did not correlate significantly with foraging trip distance or duration nor with duration of nest attendance. The majority of rafting was concentrated in a 2-km radius around the colony within a recently designated seaward SPA extension. Birds showed low individual repeatability in rafting, although there was lower variation within, than among, individuals. Conclusion Our results show that rafting is important for breeding gannets on Grassholm, and a recently designated at-sea SPA encapsulates the core distribution of rafting. Rafting did not appear to be correlated with foraging behaviour. Given the dearth of literature on rafting and the wealth of GPS tracking data for seabirds, we suggest that similar research be conducted elsewhere to further elucidate the ecological and applied significance of this behaviour. C1 [Carter, Matt I. D.; Cox, Samantha L.] Univ Plymouth, Marine Biol & Ecol Res Ctr, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Carter, Matt I. D.; Nicholson, Matthew D.; Atkins, Kelly M.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Scales, Kylie L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Scales, Kylie L.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Bicknell, Anthony W. J.; Votier, Stephen C.] Univ Exeter, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Penryn Campus, Exeter TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Morgan, Greg; Morgan, Lisa] RSPB Ramsey Isl, St Davids SA62 6PY, Pembroke, Wales. [Grecian, W. James] Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Patrick, Samantha C.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth Ocean & Ecol Sci, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England. RP Carter, MID (reprint author), Univ Plymouth, Marine Biol & Ecol Res Ctr, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England.; Carter, MID (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. EM matthew.carter@plymouth.ac.uk RI Bicknell, Anthony/G-6809-2016; Grecian, James/A-7689-2012; OI Bicknell, Anthony/0000-0002-2817-2010; Grecian, James/0000-0002-6428-719X; Carter, Matt/0000-0002-5481-6254; Votier, Stephen/0000-0002-0976-0167; Scales, Kylie/0000-0003-0843-0956 FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H007466/1]; European Union (EU Interreg CHARM III project); Natural Resources Wales (Seabirds Cymru) FX This work was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council [standard grant no. NE/H007466/1], the European Union (EU Interreg CHARM III project) and Natural Resources Wales (Seabirds Cymru). NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3657 EI 1944-6705 J9 BIRD STUDY JI Bird Stud. PD JAN 2 PY 2016 VL 63 IS 1 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1080/00063657.2015.1134441 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DG4JU UT WOS:000372039300010 ER PT J AU Thorarinsdottir, TL Scheuerer, M Heinz, C AF Thorarinsdottir, Thordis L. Scheuerer, Michael Heinz, Christopher TI Assessing the Calibration of High-Dimensional Ensemble Forecasts Using Rank Histograms SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Band depth; Average rank; Forecast trajectory; Modified band depth; Multivariate forecast; Forecast verification ID MODEL OUTPUT STATISTICS; MINIMUM SPANNING TREE; PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; VERIFICATION; DEPTH; TOOL AB Any decision-making process that relies on a probabilistic forecast of future events necessarily requires a calibrated forecast. This article proposes new methods for empirically assessing forecast calibration in a multivariate setting where the probabilistic forecast is given by an ensemble of equally probable forecast scenarios. Multivariate properties are mapped to a single dimension through a prerank function and the calibration is subsequently assessed visually through a histogram of the ranks of the observation's preranks. Average ranking assigns a prerank based on the average univariate rank while band depth ranking employs the concept of functional band depth where the centrality of the observation within the forecast ensemble is assessed. Several simulation examples and a case study of temperature forecast trajectories at Berlin Tegel Airport in Germany demonstrate that both multivariate ranking methods can successfully detect various sources of miscalibration and scale efficiently to high-dimensional settings. Supplemental material in form of computer code is available online. C1 [Thorarinsdottir, Thordis L.] Norwegian Comp Ctr, Oslo, Norway. [Scheuerer, Michael] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Scheuerer, Michael] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Heinz, Christopher] R V Allgemeine AG, Wiesbaden, Germany. RP Thorarinsdottir, TL (reprint author), Norwegian Comp Ctr, Oslo, Norway.; Scheuerer, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Scheuerer, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.; Heinz, C (reprint author), R V Allgemeine AG, Wiesbaden, Germany. EM thordis@nr.no; michael.scheuerer@noaa.gov; Christopher.Heinz@ruv.de RI Scheuerer, Michael/D-5472-2015 OI Scheuerer, Michael/0000-0003-4540-9478 FU Statistics for Innovation, sfi2, in Oslo; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research FX The authors thank Marc Genton, Tilmann Gneiting, Alex Lenkoski, Roman Schefzik, and Bert Van Schaeybroeck for sharing their thoughts and expertise. The temperature observation data for Berlin Tegel were kindly provided by the German Weather Service. The work of Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir was supported by Statistics for Innovation, sfi2, in Oslo. The work of Michael Scheuerer was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, in the framework of the extramural research program of the German Weather Service. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 9 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 1061-8600 EI 1537-2715 J9 J COMPUT GRAPH STAT JI J. Comput. Graph. Stat. PD JAN 2 PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 105 EP 122 DI 10.1080/10618600.2014.977447 PG 18 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA DG5PI UT WOS:000372129900006 ER PT J AU Possolo, A AF Possolo, Antonio TI Spatial statistics: Marks, maps, and shapes SO QUALITY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE alpha-hull; alpha-shape; convex hull; Dobrushin's theorem; finite strain; Fry plot; Fukushima; generalized additive model; imputation; Ising model; kriging; lattice gas; local regression; mark; Markov random field; mixing; point process; radioactivity; shape; spatial statistics; star-shaped; Verhagen model ID MAXIMUM PSEUDO-LIKELIHOOD; CENTRAL-LIMIT-THEOREM; ASYMPTOTIC INFERENCE; POINT-PROCESSES; ISING LATTICE; RANDOM-FIELDS; R PACKAGE; MODEL; PATTERNS; SET AB Spatial statistics is concerned with phenomena unfolding in space and possibly also evolving in time, expressing a system of interactions whereby an observation made at a (spatiotemporal) location is informative about observations made at other locations. In general, the interactions are best described probabilistically, rather than deterministically. Spatial scales range from the microscopic (for example, when describing interactions between molecules of a liquid) to planetary (for example, when studying the Earth's ozone layer) or even larger; temporal scales are similarly varied.Marks indicate objects whose spatial locations are influenced by the presence and nature of other objects nearby: trees of the same or different species in a grove, molecules in a liquid, or galaxies throughout the universe. The statistical models are (marked) spatial point processes.Maps describe the variability of the values of a property across a geographical region. The Ising model of ferromagnetism describes collective properties of atoms arranged in a regular lattice. When mapping the prevalence or the incidence of a disease at the level of counties or parishes, the observations are associated with subsets of a region whose spatial relations are meaningful. Many maps are drawn based on observations made at a finite set of locations distributed either regularly or irregularly throughout a 2D or 3D spatial domain. For example, the mass fraction of uranium in soils and surface sediments across Colorado. Gaussian random functions are a model of choice for such quantities, possibly after re-expression.Shapes arise owing to modulated interactions between surface elements anchored to points in space generators in the nomenclature of Ulf Grenander's pattern theory. Probability distributions on spaces of generators and on spaces of interactions between them can then be used to describe variations on patterns and to fit shape models. C1 [Possolo, Antonio] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Possolo, A (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM antonio.possolo@nist.gov NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2112 EI 1532-4222 J9 QUAL ENG JI Qual. Eng. PD JAN 2 PY 2016 VL 28 IS 1 SI SI BP 69 EP 90 DI 10.1080/08982112.2015.1100457 PG 22 WC Engineering, Industrial; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA DD3LX UT WOS:000369824800014 ER PT J AU Gao, RS Telg, H McLaughlin, RJ Ciciora, SJ Watts, LA Richardson, MS Schwarz, JP Perring, AE Thornberry, TD Rollins, AW Markovic, MZ Bates, TS Johnson, JE Fahey, DW AF Gao, R. S. Telg, H. McLaughlin, R. J. Ciciora, S. J. Watts, L. A. Richardson, M. S. Schwarz, J. P. Perring, A. E. Thornberry, T. D. Rollins, A. W. Markovic, M. Z. Bates, T. S. Johnson, J. E. Fahey, D. W. TI A light-weight, high-sensitivity particle spectrometer for PM2.5 aerosol measurements SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTINCTION; SCATTERING; POLLUTION; ALBEDO; LIGHT AB A light-weight, low-cost optical particle spectrometer for measurements of aerosol number concentrations and size distributions has been designed, constructed, and demonstrated. The spectrometer is suitable for use on small, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and in balloon sondes. The spectrometer uses a 405 nm diode laser to count and size individual particles in the size range 140-3000nm. A compact data system combines custom electronics with a single-board commercial computer. Power consumption is 7W at 9-15V. 3D printing technology was used in the construction of the instrument to reduce cost, manufacturing complexity, and weight. The resulting Printed Optical Particle Spectrometer (POPS) instrument weighs about 800 g with an approximate materials cost of 2500 USD. Several POPS units have been constructed, tested in the laboratory, and deployed on UAVs. Here we present an overview of the instrument design and construction, laboratory validation data, and field engineering data for POPS. C1 [Gao, R. S.; Telg, H.; McLaughlin, R. J.; Ciciora, S. J.; Watts, L. A.; Schwarz, J. P.; Perring, A. E.; Thornberry, T. D.; Rollins, A. W.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Richardson, M. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Markovic, M. Z.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, airqua, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bates, T. S.; Johnson, J. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gao, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway R CSD 6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM RuShan.Gao@noaa.gov RI Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; McLaughlin, Richard/I-4386-2013; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Telg, Hagen/0000-0002-4911-2703 FU NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program FX This work was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JAN 2 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 1 BP 88 EP 99 DI 10.1080/02786826.2015.1131809 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB0EB UT WOS:000368180300003 ER PT J AU Kogan, F Guo, W AF Kogan, Felix Guo, Wei TI Early twenty-first-century droughts during the warmest climate SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK LA English DT Article ID INDEXES AB The first 13years of the twenty-first century have begun with a series of widespread, long and intensive droughts around the world. Extreme and severe-to-extreme intensity droughts covered 2%-6% and 7%-16% of the world land, respectively, affecting environment, economies and humans. These droughts reduced agricultural production, leading to food shortages, human health deterioration, poverty, regional disturbances, population migration and death. This feature article is a travelogue of the twenty-first-century global and regional droughts during the warmest years of the past 100years. These droughts were identified and monitored with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration operational space technology, called vegetation health (VH), which has the longest period of observation and provides good data quality. The VH method was used for assessment of vegetation condition or health, including drought early detection and monitoring. The VH method is based on operational satellites data estimating both land surface greenness (NDVI) and thermal conditions. The twenty-first-century droughts in the USA, Russia, Australia and Horn of Africa were intensive, long, covered large areas and caused huge losses in agricultural production, which affected food security and led to food riots in some countries. This research also investigates drought dynamics presenting no definite conclusion about drought intensification or/and expansion during the time of the warmest globe. C1 [Kogan, Felix] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Guo, Wei] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Felix.Kogan@noaa.gov RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1947-5705 EI 1947-5713 J9 GEOMAT NAT HAZ RISK JI Geomat. Nat. Hazards Risk PD JAN 2 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1080/19475705.2013.878399 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA DA1DK UT WOS:000367536300008 ER PT J AU Murphy, DM Telg, H Eck, TF Rodriguez, J Stalin, SE Bates, TS AF Murphy, D. M. Telg, H. Eck, T. F. Rodriguez, J. Stalin, S. E. Bates, T. S. TI A miniature scanning sun photometer for vertical profiles and mobile platforms SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DEPTH; WATER-VAPOR; AEROSOL; NETWORK; COLUMN AB A miniature sun photometer has been developed that makes continuous almucantar scans to measure solar irradiance and sky radiance in four wavelength bands set by interference filters. It has a well-defined field of view and can rapidly compensate for a tilting platform. It weighs less than 400 g and has an average power consumption of less than 5 W. Together, these characteristics make it suitable for vertical profiles using small balloons or unmanned aircraft systems (UASs). Preliminary results are presented showing measurements of optical depth and the phase function of scattered sunlight. An optical depth of about 0.03 in a clean boundary layer was measurable with an accuracy of better than 0.01. C1 [Murphy, D. M.] NOSS ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Telg, H.] Univ Colorado, NOAA ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Telg, H.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Eck, T. F.] Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Rodriguez, J.] Fibertek Inc, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Stalin, S. E.; Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bates, T. S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), NOSS ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Daniel.M.Murphy@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Telg, Hagen/0000-0002-4911-2703 FU internal NOAA seed money grant; NOAA; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This work was funded by an internal NOAA seed money grant as well as NOAA base and climate funding. Funding for the flight time was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JAN 2 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1080/02786826.2015.1121200 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CY8SA UT WOS:000366677400001 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Huang, CQ Zhan, XW Dai, Q Song, K AF Zhang, Rui Huang, Chengquan Zhan, Xiwu Dai, Qin Song, Kuan TI Development and validation of the global surface type data product from S- NPP VIIRS SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DATA SET; ACCURACY; RESOLUTION; DESIGN; REGION; MAP AB Accurate representation of actual terrestrial surface types at regional to global scales is an important element for many applications. Based on National Aeronautics and Space Administration Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer land cover algorithms, a global surface-type product from observations of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership, provides consistent global land cover classification map for various studies, such as land surface modelling for numerical weather predictions, land management, biodiversity and hydrological modelling, and carbon and ecosystem studies. This letter introduces the development and validation of the VIIRS global surface-type product using the land cover classification scheme of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. Surface reflectance data from VIIRS were composited into monthly data and then into annual metrics. The C5.0 decision tree classifier was used to determine the surface type for each pixel in a 1 km grid. To quantitatively evaluate accuracies of the new surface type product, a visual interpretation-based validation was performed in which high-resolution satellite images and other ancillary data were used as the reference. The validation result based on the large validation data set indicated that (78.64 +/- 0.57)% overall classification accuracy was achieved. C1 [Zhang, Rui; Huang, Chengquan; Dai, Qin; Song, Kuan] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhan, Xiwu] NESDIS NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Dai, Qin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM zhangrui@umd.edu RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010 FU NOAA-NASA JPSS program office FX We would like to acknowledge all supports provided by the NOAA-NASA JPSS program office and the NOAA/NESDIS/STAR JPSS management team. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X EI 2150-7058 J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN 2 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2015.1101649 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CT7PL UT WOS:000363006900002 ER PT J AU Munroe, TA Kong, XY AF Munroe, Thomas A. Kong, Xiao-Yu TI Resolving uncertainties regarding the nomenclature and status of the Tongue Soles, Paraplagusia dollfusi Chabanaud, 1931 and "Cynoglossus (Trulla) dollfusi (Chabanaud, 1937)'' (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Nomenclature; Tonguefish; Red Sea; Flatfish; Cynoglossus; Paraplagusia; Fringe-lip tongue soles; Cynoglossus cleopatridis AB Considerable confusion surrounds the nomenclature and taxonomic status of the tongue sole, Paraplagusia dollfusi Chabanaud, 1931 (Cynoglossidae, Cynoglossinae), described from a single specimen captured in the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, and Cynoglossus (Trulla) dollfusi Chabanaud, a name used by Gruvel and Chabanaud in 1937 for another specimen of tongue sole taken in the Suez Canal, Red Sea. Since publication, subsequent authors have considered there to be either one or two nominal species represented by these names, and authors have disagreed as to what genus (Paraplagusia, Cynoglossus, or both) nominal species associated with these names should be assigned. Both specimens have been reported as lost since at least the 1970s rendering it impossible to directly examine them to help resolve issues concerning their identities. We retrace historical literature involving these names and comment on reasons for the confusion experienced by previous authors. Our results, supported by irrefutable evidence gleaned from three different papers authored by Paul Chabanaud between 1931 and 1947, support the conclusion that only one valid nominal species is involved with these two names and the appropriate name for this taxon is Cynoglossus dollfusi (Chabanaud, 1931). Although never explicitly stated, nor indicated by use of appropriate punctuation in the descriptive account of the tongue sole specimen in the 1937 publication, we demonstrate that Gruvel and Chabanaud did not propose a new name when using the trinomial, Cynoglossus (Trulla) dollfusi, for this specimen. Rather, based on evidence uncovered in our investigation, as well as that appearing in a previously overlooked publication by Chabanaud in 1947, Cynoglossus (Trulla) dollfusi represents a new combination proposed by Gruvel and Chabanaud to reflect transfer of the nominal species, dollfusi, from Paraplagusia to Cynoglossus. Evidence is also provided to support the hypothesis, as has been suggested by previous authors, that appropriate generic assignment of Chabanaud's nominal species, dollfusi, is Cynoglossus, and not Paraplagusia. C1 [Munroe, Thomas A.] NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Natl Museum Nat Hist,NHB,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC-153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Kong, Xiao-Yu] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Marine Bioresources Sustainable Utilizat, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Munroe, TA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Natl Museum Nat Hist,NHB,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC-153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM munroet@si.edu; xykong@scsio.ac.cn NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PY 2016 VL 129 IS 1 BP 10 EP 23 DI 10.2988/0006-324X-129.Q1.10 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EM2XZ UT WOS:000395180400002 ER PT J AU Wang, ZM Munroe, TA Kong, XY AF Wang, Zhong-ming Munroe, Thomas A. Kong, Xiao-yu TI A new species of tongue sole (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossus) from coastal waters of the South China Sea SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Flatfish; Tonguefish; Cynoglossid tongue sole AB A new tongue sole, Cynoglossus nanhaiensis, described from 21 specimens (101.0-133.7 mm SL) collected in coastal waters of the South China Sea, is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: 3 ocular-side lateral lines; no blind-side lateral lines; 2 ocular-side nostrils; 8 caudal-fin rays; 49-51 total vertebrae; 64-73 scales in the midlateral line; 11-12 scales in diagonal series between midlateral and dorsal lateral lines; 99-108 dorsal-fin rays; 77-82 anal-fin rays; pores of lateral-line scales tubular, with conspicuously black tips posteriorly; and with light-to medium-brown ocular-side background coloration overlain by numerous, small, irregular, dark blotches forming a series of narrow, interrupted, longitudinal stripes, with many specimens also featuring two large, brown spots on their caudal region. Among congeners, C. nanhaiensis is most similar to C. maccullochi Norman, 1926, described from specimens taken off Queensland, Australia, but differs in its ocular-side pigmentation (conspicuous longitudinal series of irregular blotches and caudal spots absent in C. maccullochi) and body depth. Features of C. nanhaiensis are also reminiscent of those reported for C. dollfusi (Chabanaud, 1931), a poorly-known nominal species from the Red Sea, and C. itinus (Snyder, 1909), a better-known species occurring in marine waters off Japan and Southeast Asia. Cynoglossus nanhaiensis differs from both species in having two (vs. one) ocular-side nostrils. Cynoglossus itinus also lacks the series of conspicuous, darkly-pigmented, interrupted, longitudinal stripes on the ocular side that are characteristic of C. nanhaiensis. Cynoglossus nanhaiensis is further distinguished from C. dollfusi in having only a single pelvic fin (vs. two in C. dollfusi). Cynoglossus nanhaiensis occurs in coastal waters of the South China Sea off southern China and Viet Nam. C1 [Wang, Zhong-ming; Kong, Xiao-yu] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Trop Marine Bioresources & Ecol, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Zhong-ming] Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Res Inst, Key Lab Sustainable Utilizat Technol Res Fishery, Zhoushan 316021, Peoples R China. [Munroe, Thomas A.] NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Smithsonian Inst,NHB, POB 37012,MRC-153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kong, XY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Trop Marine Bioresources & Ecol, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM zhmwangrch@163.com; munroet@si.edu; xykong@scsio.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31272273, 31471979, 31071890] FX We thank students, H.-R. Luo and L. Gong, who helped with mailing specimens and sending information regarding sexual maturity of specimens examined in this study. S. Raredon (USNM) and L. Willis (NSL) provided radiographs of specimens. L. Willis (NSL), H. Lopez-Fernandez and E. Holm (ROM), and P.-L. Lin and M.-Y. Lee (ASIZP) assisted with specimens and loans. We thank M.-Y. Lee for calling our attention to the large specimen he collected in a fish market in Viet Nam. M. McGrouther (AMS), J. Clayton (USNM) and K. Murphy (USNM) assisted with curation and accessioning of specimens at their respective institutes. D. Gledhill (CSIRO, Hobart, Australia) generously provided the photograph of Cynoglossus maccullochi. R. Winterbottom (formerly of ROM) provided additional information regarding the ROM specimen we examined. We thank X.-L. Chen and two reviewers who provided helpful comments that improved the manuscript. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grants 31272273, 31471979 and 31071890 (X.-Y. Kong, principal investigator). NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PY 2016 VL 129 IS 1 BP 129 EP 143 DI 10.2988/0006-324X-129.Q2.129 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EM2XZ UT WOS:000395180400012 ER PT J AU Lasley, RM Ames, CL Erdman, R Parks, S Collins, AG AF Lasley, Robert M., Jr. Ames, Cheryl Lewis Erdman, Robert Parks, Sheri Collins, Allen G. TI First record of the box jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Tripedaliidae) in the Gulf of Mexico SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE box jellyfish; Tripedalia cystophora; Tripedaliidae; Cubozoa; Gulf of Mexico; distribution ID CARYBDEA-SIVICKISI CNIDARIA; CUBOMEDUSAE; SYNOPSIS; BEHAVIOR; MEDUSAE AB Although observations of the box jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora have been widely documented since it was first recorded in Jamaica in 1897, to date there are no published reports of its occurrence in the Gulf of Mexico. Eighteen specimens of Tripedalia cystophora (Cubozoa: Tripedaliidae), 12 and 6, respectively, were collected from a mangrove waterway near Bonita Springs, Florida, in 2010 and a brackish canal in Englewood, Florida, in 2015. Additional records from Tampa Bay (2007-2015) and Everglades City (2015), Florida, were documented with photography. Within the past few years, new records of T. cystophora from other localities, including Hawai' i, northern Australia, and the east coast of Florida, have been reported. This study represents the first published report of the species from the Gulf of Mexico. Several other species of cubozoans have been reported from the Gulf region, but the presence of three pedalia at each corner of the swimming bell (12 tentacles total), its small size up to 13 mm, and the presence of sexually dimorphic gonads, markedly distinguishes it from other cubozoan taxa. C1 [Lasley, Robert M., Jr.; Parks, Sheri] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Ames, Cheryl Lewis] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Ames, Cheryl Lewis] Univ Maryland, Biol Sci Grad Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Erdman, Robert] Gulf Coast Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Myers, FL USA. [Collins, Allen G.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Lasley, RM (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL USA. EM Robert.Lasley@myfwc.com OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PY 2016 VL 129 IS 1 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.2988/0006-324X-129.Q2.164 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EM2XZ UT WOS:000395180400015 ER PT S AU Leber, DD Herrmann, JW AF Leber, Dennis D. Herrmann, Jeffrey W. GP IEEE TI SAMPLE ALLOCATION FOR MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE SELECTION PROBLEMS SO 2016 10TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 10-15, 2016 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND AB Prior to making a multiple attribute selection decision, a decision-maker may collect information to estimate the value of each attribute for each alternative. In this work, we consider a fixed experimental sample budget and address the problem of how best to allocate this budget across three attributes when the attribute value estimates have a normally distributed measurement error. We illustrate that the allocation choice impacts the decision-maker's ability to select the true best alternative. Through a simulation study we evaluate the performance of a common allocation approach of uniformly distributing the sample budget across the three attributes. We compare these results to the performance of several allocation rules that leverage the decision-maker's preferences. We found that incorporating the decision-maker's preferences into the allocation choice improves the probability of selecting the true best alternative. C1 [Leber, Dennis D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Herrmann, Jeffrey W.] Univ Maryland, A James Clark Sch Engn, Martin Hall Room 2181, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Leber, DD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dennis.leber@nist.gov; jwh2@umd.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-8-8907-0186-3 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2016 BP 722 EP 732 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XP UT WOS:000388372501001 ER PT S AU Xie, JF Wan, Y Zhou, Y Mills, K Filliben, JJ Lei, Y AF Xie, Junfei Wan, Yan Zhou, Yi Mills, Kevin Filliben, James J. Lei, Yu GP IEEE TI EFFECTIVE AND SCALABLE UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION FOR LARGE-SCALE COMPLEX SYSTEM APPLICATIONS SO 2016 10TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 10-15, 2016 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND AB Effective uncertainty evaluation is a critical step toward real-time and robust decision-making for complex systems in uncertain environments. A Multivariate Probabilistic Collocation Method (M-PCM) was developed to effectively evaluate system uncertainty. The method smartly chooses a limited number of simulations to produce a low-order mapping, which precisely predicts the mean output of the original system mapping up to certain degrees. While the M-PCM significantly reduces the number of simulations, it does not scale with the number of uncertain parameters, making it difficult to use for large-scale applications that typically involve a large number of uncertain parameters. In this paper, we develop a method to break the curse of dimensionality. The method integrates M-PCM and Orthogonal Fractional Factorial Designs (OFFDs) to maximally reduce the number of simulations from 22m to 2. log2(m+ 1). for a system mapping of m parameters. The integrated M-PCM-OFFD predicts the correct mean of the original system mapping, and is the most robust to numerical errors among all possible designs of the same number of simulations. The analysis also provides new insightful formal interpretations on the optimality of OFFDs. C1 [Xie, Junfei; Wan, Yan; Zhou, Yi] Univ North Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. [Mills, Kevin; Filliben, James J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lei, Yu] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Xie, JF (reprint author), Univ North Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. EM JunfeiXie@my.unt.edu; yan.wan@unt.edu; yizhou0101@gmail.com; kmills@nist.gov; james.filliben@nist.gov; ylei@cse.uta.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-8-8907-0186-3 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2016 BP 733 EP 744 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XP UT WOS:000388372501002 ER PT S AU Jain, S Shao, GD AF Jain, Sanjay Shao, Guodong GP IEEE TI VIRTUAL FACTORY REVISITED FOR MANUFACTURING DATA ANALYTICS SO 2016 10TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 10-15, 2016 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND ID ARCHITECTURE; SIMULATION AB Development of an effective data analytics application for manufacturing requires testing with large sets of data. It is usually difficult for application developers to find access to real manufacturing data streams for testing new data analytics applications. Virtual factories can be developed to generate the data for selected measures in formats matching those of real factories. The vision of a virtual factory has been around for more than a couple decades. Advances in technologies for computation, communication, and integration and in associated standards have made the vision of a virtual factory within reach now. This paper discusses requirements for a virtual factory to meet the needs of manufacturing data analytics applications. A framework for the virtual factory is proposed that leverages current technology and standards to help identify the developments needed for the realization of virtual factories. C1 [Jain, Sanjay] George Washington Univ, 2201 G St NW Funger Hall,Suite 415, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Shao, Guodong] NIST, Syst Integrat Div Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jain, S (reprint author), George Washington Univ, 2201 G St NW Funger Hall,Suite 415, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM jain@email.gwu.edu; gshao@nist.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-8-8907-0186-3 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2016 BP 887 EP 898 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XP UT WOS:000388372501015 ER PT S AU Shao, GD Shin, SJ Jain, S AF Shao, Guodong Shin, Seung-Jun Jain, Sanjay GP IEEE TI DATA ANALYTICS USING SIMULATION FOR SMART MANUFACTURING SO 2016 10TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 10-15, 2016 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND AB Manufacturing organizations are able to accumulate large amounts of plant floor production and environmental data due to advances in data collection, communications technology, and use of standards. The challenge has shifted from collecting a sufficient amount of data to analyzing and making decisions based on the huge amount of data available. Data analytics (DA) can help understand and gain insights from the big data and in turn help advance towards the vision of smart manufacturing. Modeling and simulation have been used by manufacturers to analyze their operations and support decision making. This paper proposes multiple methods in which simulation can serve as a DA application or support other DA applications in manufacturing environment to address big data issues. An example case is discussed to demonstrate one use of simulation. In the presented case, a virtual representation of machining operations is used to generate the data required to evaluate manufacturing data analytics applications. C1 [Shao, Guodong; Shin, Seung-Jun] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20892 USA. [Jain, Sanjay] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Shao, GD (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20892 USA. EM gshao@nist.gov; seungjun.shin@nist.gov; jain@email.gwu.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-8-8907-0186-3 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2016 BP 2192 EP 2203 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XP UT WOS:000388372502060 ER PT S AU Guerrieri, JR Francis, M Wittmann, R AF Guerrieri, Jeff R. Francis, Mike Wittmann, Ronald GP IEEE TI Comparison of Consensus Value Methods Used to Compile On-Axis Gain Measurement Results SO 2016 10TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 10-15, 2016 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND DE consensus value; weighted mean; outlier removal; unweighted mean AB This paper compares methods for computing consensus values of data sets. Three methods are used to analyze multiple data sets. The data sets are, on-axis gain measurements that have a large range of values and uncertainties. The appropriate method is dependent on characteristics of the data sets such as, the number of data sets, the spread of the data set values and spread of the uncertainty values for each data set. One method computes a weighted mean where the weights are chosen as the inverses of the fractional error in the data values. A second method removes data sets that are determined to be outliers, then computes an unweighted mean. A third computes a simple unweighted mean. The results of this comparison show that the method chosen to compute a consensus value is fairly independent of the data sets. C1 [Guerrieri, Jeff R.; Francis, Mike; Wittmann, Ronald] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Guerrieri, JR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jguerrieri@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-8-8907-0186-3 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2016 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XP UT WOS:000388372500134 ER PT S AU O'Neill, P Chan, S Colliander, A Dunbar, S Njoku, E Bindlish, R Chen, F Jackson, T Burgin, M Piepmeier, J Yueh, S Entekhabi, D Cosh, M Caldwell, T Walker, J Wu, X Berg, A Rowlandson, T Pacheco, A McNairn, H Thibeault, M Martinez-Fernandez, J Gonzalez-Zamora, A Seyfried, M Bosch, D Starks, P Goodrich, D Prueger, J Palecki, M Small, E Zreda, M Calvet, JC Crow, W Kerr, Y AF O'Neill, P. Chan, S. Colliander, A. Dunbar, S. Njoku, E. Bindlish, R. Chen, F. Jackson, T. Burgin, M. Piepmeier, J. Yueh, S. Entekhabi, D. Cosh, M. Caldwell, T. Walker, J. Wu, X. Berg, A. Rowlandson, T. Pacheco, A. McNairn, H. Thibeault, M. Martinez-Fernandez, J. Gonzalez-Zamora, A. Seyfried, M. Bosch, D. Starks, P. Goodrich, D. Prueger, J. Palecki, M. Small, E. Zreda, M. Calvet, J-C. Crow, W. Kerr, Y. GP IEEE TI EVALUATION OF THE VALIDATED SOIL MOISTURE PRODUCT FROM THE SMAP RADIOMETER SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 10-15, 2016 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, NSSC DE soil moisture; passive microwave; SMAP; accuracy assessment; cal/val AB NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission launched on January 31, 2015 into a sun-synchronous 6 am/6 pm orbit with an objective to produce global mapping of high-resolution soil moisture and freeze-thaw state every 2-3 days using an L-band (active) radar and an L-band (passive) radiometer. The SMAP radiometer began acquiring routine science data on March 31, 2015 and continues to operate nominally. SMAP's radiometer-derived soil moisture product (L2_SM_P) provides soil moisture estimates posted on a 36 km fixed Earth grid using brightness temperature observations from descending (6 am) passes and ancillary data. A beta quality version of L2_SM_P was released to the public in September, 2015, with the fully validated L2_SM_P soil moisture data expected to be released in May, 2016. Additional improvements (including optimization of retrieval algorithm parameters and upscaling approaches) and methodology expansions (including increasing the number of core sites, model-based intercomparisons, and results from several intensive field campaigns) are anticipated in moving from accuracy assessment of the beta quality data to an evaluation of the fully validated L2_SM_P data product. C1 [O'Neill, P.; Piepmeier, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chan, S.; Colliander, A.; Dunbar, S.; Njoku, E.; Burgin, M.; Yueh, S.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bindlish, R.; Chen, F.; Jackson, T.; Cosh, M.; Crow, W.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20105 USA. [Entekhabi, D.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Caldwell, T.] Univ Texas, Austin, TX USA. [Walker, J.; Wu, X.] Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Berg, A.; Rowlandson, T.] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Pacheco, A.; McNairn, H.] AAFC, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Thibeault, M.] CONAE, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Martinez-Fernandez, J.; Gonzalez-Zamora, A.] CIALE, Salamanca, Spain. [Seyfried, M.; Bosch, D.; Starks, P.; Goodrich, D.; Prueger, J.] USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Palecki, M.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Small, E.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zreda, M.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Calvet, J-C.] CNRM GAME, Paris, France. [Kerr, Y.] CESBIO CNES, Toulouse, France. RP O'Neill, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Peggy.E.ONeill@nasa.gov RI Martinez-Fernandez, Jose/B-3877-2012 OI Martinez-Fernandez, Jose/0000-0003-0446-9693 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-5090-3332-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2016 BP 125 EP 128 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BG3QG UT WOS:000388114600033 ER PT S AU Han, WG Jochum, M AF Han, Weiguo Jochum, Matthew GP IEEE TI NEAR REAL-TIME SATELLITE DATA QUALITY MONITORING AND CONTROL SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 10-15, 2016 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, NSSC DE Near Real-time Satellite Data; Data Latency; Data Completeness; Data Quality; Data Integrity; Data Availability; Central Data Repository AB Near real-time satellite data is very useful in the research and development activities for land, ocean, and atmospheric processes, environmental monitoring and assessment, weather prediction, and so on. The quality, completeness, and timeliness of this satellite data are great concerns to researchers. How to monitor and collect this information presents them with technical challenges. This paper describes the practical solutions to address these challenges in an enterprise level satellite data repository, which acquires, manipulates, and disseminates various types of near real time satellite data in different formats from multiple data providers. The technical implementations are presented in detail. In addition, the approach of collecting and displaying quality information is also discussed. C1 [Han, Weiguo] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Visiting Scientist Programs, 3090 Ctr Green Dr, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Han, Weiguo; Jochum, Matthew] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Han, WG (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Visiting Scientist Programs, 3090 Ctr Green Dr, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.; Han, WG (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-5090-3332-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2016 BP 206 EP 209 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BG3QG UT WOS:000388114600054 ER PT S AU Liu, QH Xiong, XZ Iturbide-Sanchez, F Liu, X Wu, W Gambacorta, A AF Liu, Quanhua Xiong, Xionzhen Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio Liu, Xu Wu, Wan Gambacorta, Antonia GP IEEE TI RETRIEVALS OF TRACE GASES FROM HYPERSPECTRAL SOUNDERS SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 10-15, 2016 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, NSSC DE Physical Retrievals; carbon monoxide; methane; carbon dioxide; NUCAPS; PCRTM AB NUCAPS (NOAA Unique CrIS/ATMS Processing System) uses the same scientific foundation as AIRS team science algorithm. The NUCAPS is being run operationally at NOAA for Suomi-NPP CrIS/ATMS, Metop-A/B IASI/AMSUA/MHS and provides atmospheric profiles of temperature, moisture, ozone, carbon oxide, carbon monoxide, and Methane. The sounding team at NASA developed a retrieval system using principal component radiative transfer model (PCRTM). The NASA retrieval system can be applied under all weather conditions at single field of view (FOV). In this presentation, we will present the trace gaseous environmental data record from hyperspectral sounders. C1 [Liu, Quanhua; Xiong, Xionzhen; Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liu, Xu; Wu, Wan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Gambacorta, Antonia] Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-5090-3332-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2016 BP 353 EP 355 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BG3QG UT WOS:000388114600092 ER PT S AU Zhou, J Yang, H Weng, FZ AF Zhou, Jun Yang, Hu Weng, Fuzhong GP IEEE TI Rebuild the Instrument Mounting Matrix for Microwave Instrument On-orbit Geometric Calibration SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 10-15, 2016 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, NSSC DE Geolocation; Mounting Matrix; Error Model AB Accurate instrument mounting matrix information is significant for geolocation algorithm to reach a high on orbit geolocation accuracy. In this study, an integrated satellite-ground geolocation error model was proposed, based on which the instrument mounting matrix can be accurately rebuilt. This method has been successfully applied to SNPP ATMS on-orbit geolocation, results show that the geolocation error can be reduced by 34%. C1 [Zhou, Jun; Yang, Hu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Zhou, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-5090-3332-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2016 BP 860 EP 863 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BG3QG UT WOS:000388114600212 ER PT S AU Yang, JX McKague, DS Ruf, CS Yang, H Weng, FZ AF Yang, John Xun McKague, Darren S. Ruf, Christopher S. Yang, Hu Weng, Fuzhong GP IEEE TI EXAMINING GMI INTERCALIBRATION DEPENDENCE ON THE FULL DYNAMIC RANGE OF BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE USING COLD AND WARM END TIE POINTS SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 10-15, 2016 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, NSSC DE Microwave Radiometry; Calibration; GPM AB The Earth-scene brightness temperature ( TB) seen by satellite radiometers is generally cold over the ocean due to low emissivity, warm over land with high emissivity, and with a large dynamic range dependent on frequency and polarization. Calibration at either cold or warm end cannot fully characterize the calibration dependence on the full TB dynamic range. We have developed calibration methods using both warm and cold reference TB tie points and applied them to the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission particularly for the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI). The two-end method characterizes the GMI calibration dependence on TB and enables the development of TB-dependent intercalibration correction tables for GPM. C1 [Yang, John Xun; McKague, Darren S.; Ruf, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yang, John Xun; Yang, Hu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Yang, JX (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Yang, JX (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-5090-3332-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2016 BP 864 EP 867 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BG3QG UT WOS:000388114600213 ER PT S AU Li, A Sampson, S Wolf, W Yu, T Chen, R Fan, M Xie, H Ken, A Rollins, R Jose, V Zhang, Z Zhao, Y Straka, W AF Li, A. Sampson, S. Wolf, W. Yu, T. Chen, R. Fan, M. Xie, H. Ken, A. Rollins, R. Jose, V. Zhang, Z. Zhao, Y. Straka, W. GP IEEE TI THE USE OF AHI DATA IN PREPARATION FOR ABI ALGORITHMS IN SAPF SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 10-15, 2016 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, NSSC DE ABI; AHI; algorithm; framework AB As a close proxy of the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) instrument, the on-board 16-band Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) brings an unprecedented opportunity to exercise the ABI algorithms developed for GOES-R in the STAR Algorithm Processing Framework (SAPF). STAR has been collaborating with JMA and NASA since AHI's post launch checkout and has been acquiring the full resolution AHI data form JMA's Cloud Service. Because AHI has almost identical channels as ABI, most of the ABI algorithms can be easily adapted to run with AHI data. This presentation describes the process to update the GOES-R ABI baseline algorithms for AHI data, including the update of SAPF system and the ABI algorithm software. The benefits and lessons learned from the AHI data exercise will also be discussed. C1 [Li, A.; Sampson, S.; Yu, T.; Chen, R.; Fan, M.; Xie, H.; Ken, A.; Rollins, R.; Jose, V.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, Y.] IMSG, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wolf, W.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Straka, W.] CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Li, A (reprint author), IMSG, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-5090-3332-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2016 BP 1233 EP 1236 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BG3QG UT WOS:000388114601087 ER EF