FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Delahaye, T Maxwell, SE Reed, ZD Lin, H Hodges, JT Sung, K Devi, VM Warneke, T Spietz, P Tran, H AF Delahaye, T. Maxwell, S. E. Reed, Z. D. Lin, H. Hodges, J. T. Sung, K. Devi, V. M. Warneke, T. Spietz, P. Tran, H. TI Precise methane absorption measurements in the 1.64 mu m spectral region for the MERLIN mission SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WAVE COHERENT TRANSIENTS; SPEED DEPENDENCE; LINE PARAMETERS; NU(3) BAND; CH4; N-2; RETRIEVALS; ATMOSPHERE; COLLISIONS; SOFTWARE AB In this article we describe a high-precision laboratory measurement targeting the R(6) manifold of the 2.3 band of (CH4)-C-12. High-fidelity modeling of this absorption spectrum for atmospheric temperature and pressure conditions will be required by the Franco-German, Methane Remote Sensing LIDAR (MERLIN) space mission for retrievals of atmospheric methane. The analysis uses the Hartmann-Tran profile for modeling line shape and also includes line-mixing effects. To this end, six high-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio absorption spectra of air-broadened methane were recorded using a frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy apparatus. Sample conditions corresponded to room temperature and spanned total sample pressures of 40 hPa-1013 hPa with methane molar fractions between 1 mu mol mol(-1) and 12 mu mol mol(-1). All spectroscopicmodel parameters were simultaneously adjusted in amultispectrum nonlinear least squares fit to the six measured spectra. Comparison of the fitted model to the measured spectra reveals the ability to calculate the room temperature, methane absorption coefficient to better than 0.1% at the online position of theMERLINmission. This is the first time that such fidelity has been reached in modelingmethane absorption in the investigated spectral region, fulfilling the accuracy requirements of the MERLIN mission. We also found excellent agreement when comparing the present results with measurements obtained over different pressure conditions and using other laboratory techniques. Finally, we also evaluated the impact of these new spectral parameters on atmospheric transmissions spectra calculations. C1 [Delahaye, T.; Tran, H.] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Inst Pierre Simon, CNRS,LISA,UMR 7583, Creteil, France. [Maxwell, S. E.; Reed, Z. D.; Lin, H.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lin, H.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Sung, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Devi, V. M.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Warneke, T.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. [Spietz, P.] DLR German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Space Syst, Bremen, Germany. RP Tran, H (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Inst Pierre Simon, CNRS,LISA,UMR 7583, Creteil, France. EM ha.tran@lisa.u-pec.fr RI Tran, Ha/I-5076-2013; Sung, Keeyoon/I-6533-2015; OI Delahaye, Thibault/0000-0002-3807-4262 FU French Space Agency; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales; Greenhouse Gas and Climate Sciences Measurement Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors would like to thanks B. Millet, C. Pierangelo, and J. M. Hartmann for helpful discussions. The research is partially supported by the French Space Agency, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales. B. Drouin and C. Benner are acknowledged for helpful discussions about spectra intercomparison. S.E. Maxwell, Z.D. Reed, and J.T. Hodges were supported by the Greenhouse Gas and Climate Sciences Measurement Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The research at the College of William and Mary and at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was performed under contracts and cooperative agreements with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The recorded laboratory spectra are available upon request to the corresponding author (ha.tran@lisa.u-pec.fr). NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 12 BP 7360 EP 7370 DI 10.1002/2016JD025024 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT6YU UT WOS:000381631800038 PM 27551656 ER PT J AU Liu, XX Zhang, Y Huey, LG Yokelson, RJ Wang, Y Jimenez, JL Campuzano-Jost, P Beyersdorf, AJ Blake, DR Choi, Y St Clair, JM Crounse, JD Day, DA Diskin, GS Fried, A Hall, SR Hanisco, TF King, LE Meinardi, S Mikoviny, T Palm, BB Peischl, J Perring, AE Pollack, IB Ryerson, TB Sachse, G Schwarz, JP Simpson, IJ Tanner, DJ Thornhill, KL Ullmann, K Weber, RJ Wennberg, PO Wisthaler, A Wolfe, GM Ziemba, LD AF Liu, Xiaoxi Zhang, Y. Huey, L. G. Yokelson, R. J. Wang, Y. Jimenez, J. L. Campuzano-Jost, P. Beyersdorf, A. J. Blake, D. R. Choi, Y. St Clair, J. M. Crounse, J. D. Day, D. A. Diskin, G. S. Fried, A. Hall, S. R. Hanisco, T. F. King, L. E. Meinardi, S. Mikoviny, T. Palm, B. B. Peischl, J. Perring, A. E. Pollack, I. B. Ryerson, T. B. Sachse, G. Schwarz, J. P. Simpson, I. J. Tanner, D. J. Thornhill, K. L. Ullmann, K. Weber, R. J. Wennberg, P. O. Wisthaler, A. Wolfe, G. M. Ziemba, L. D. TI Agricultural fires in the southeastern US during SEAC(4)RS: Emissions of trace gases and particles and evolution of ozone, reactive nitrogen, and organic aerosol SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC BROWN CARBON; HIGH NORTHERN LATITUDES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; UNITED-STATES; CROP RESIDUE; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; IN-SITU AB Emissions from 15 agricultural fires in the southeastern U.S. were measured from the NASA DC-8 research aircraft during the summer 2013 Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC(4)RS) campaign. This study reports a detailed set of emission factors (EFs) for 25 trace gases and 6 fine particle species. The chemical evolution of the primary emissions in seven plumes was examined in detail for similar to 1.2 h. A Lagrangian plume cross-section model was used to simulate the evolution of ozone (O-3), reactive nitrogen species, and organic aerosol (OA). Observed EFs are generally consistent with previous measurements of crop residue burning, but the fires studied here emitted high amounts of SO2 and fine particles, especially primary OA and chloride. Filter-based measurements of aerosol light absorption implied that brown carbon (BrC) was ubiquitous in the plumes. In aged plumes, rapid production of O3, peroxyacetyl nitrate ( PAN), and nitrate was observed with Delta O-3/Delta CO,Delta PAN/Delta NOy, and Delta nitrate/Delta NOy reaching similar to 0.1,similar to 0.3,and similar to 0.3. For five selected cases, the model reasonably simulated O3 formation but underestimated PAN formation. No significant evolution of OA mass or BrC absorption was observed. However, a consistent increase in oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratios of OA indicated that OA oxidation in the agricultural fire plumes was much faster than in urban and forest fire plumes. Finally, total annual SO2, NOx, and CO emissions from agricultural fires in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri were estimated (within a factor of similar to 2) to be equivalent to similar to 2% SO2 from coal combustion and similar to 1% NOx and similar to 9% CO from mobile sources. C1 [Liu, Xiaoxi; Zhang, Y.; Huey, L. G.; Wang, Y.; King, L. E.; Tanner, D. J.; Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Yokelson, R. J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Palm, B. B.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Palm, B. B.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Pollack, I. B.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Beyersdorf, A. J.; Choi, Y.; Diskin, G. S.; Sachse, G.; Thornhill, K. L.; Ziemba, L. D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Blake, D. R.; Meinardi, S.; Simpson, I. J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Choi, Y.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [St Clair, J. M.; Crounse, J. D.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [St Clair, J. M.; Hanisco, T. F.; Wolfe, G. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [St Clair, J. M.; Wolfe, G. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Catonsville, MD USA. [Fried, A.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Hall, S. R.; Ullmann, K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mikoviny, T.; Wisthaler, A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway. [Peischl, J.; Pollack, I. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Schwarz, J. P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Huey, LG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; FU NASA [NNX12AB77G, NNX12AC06G, NNX14AP46G-ACCDAM]; NASA Earth Science Division [NNX12AC20G, NNX14AP45G]; National Institute of Aerospace (NIA); NASA SEAC4RS [NNH10ZDA001N]; [NNX12AC03G]; [NNX15AT96G] FX This work was supported by NASA grant NNX12AB77G. R. Yokelson was supported by NASA Earth Science Division Awards NNX12AC20G and NNX14AP45G. PTR-MS measurements during SEAC4RS were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). A.W. and T.M. received support from the Visiting Scientist Program at the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA). P.C.J., D.A.D., and J.L.J. were supported by NNX12AC03G and NNX15AT96G. CIT-CIMS measurements were supported by NASA grants NNX12AC06G and NNX14AP46G-ACCDAM. ISAF HCHO observations were supported by NASA SEAC4RS grant NNH10ZDA001N. The authors would also like to thank the SEAC4RS science team and the DC-8 flight crews. Data from the SEAC4RS mission can be found at http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ArcView/seac4rs and http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/seac4rs/index.html. NR 155 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 23 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 12 BP 7383 EP 7414 DI 10.1002/2016JD025040 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT6YU UT WOS:000381631800040 ER PT J AU Fried, A Barth, MC Bela, M Weibring, P Richter, D Walega, J Li, Y Pickering, K Apel, E Hornbrook, R Hills, A Riemer, DD Blake, N Blake, DR Schroeder, JR Luo, ZJ Crawford, JH Olson, J Rutledge, S Betten, D Biggerstaff, MI Diskin, GS Sachse, G Campos, T Flocke, F Weinheimer, A Cantrell, C Pollack, I Peischl, J Froyd, K Wisthaler, A Mikoviny, T Woods, S AF Fried, A. Barth, M. C. Bela, M. Weibring, P. Richter, D. Walega, J. Li, Y. Pickering, K. Apel, E. Hornbrook, R. Hills, A. Riemer, D. D. Blake, N. Blake, D. R. Schroeder, J. R. Luo, Z. J. Crawford, J. H. Olson, J. Rutledge, S. Betten, D. Biggerstaff, M. I. Diskin, G. S. Sachse, G. Campos, T. Flocke, F. Weinheimer, A. Cantrell, C. Pollack, I. Peischl, J. Froyd, K. Wisthaler, A. Mikoviny, T. Woods, S. TI Convective transport of formaldehyde to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and associated scavenging in thunderstorms over the central United States during the 2012DC3 study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PEM-TROPICS-B; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; TROPOPAUSE REGION; AIR-POLLUTION; MODEL; CHEMISTRY; OZONE; IMPACT; SCALE; SPECTROMETER AB We have developed semi-independent methods for determining CH2O scavenging efficiencies (SEs) during strong midlatitude convection over the western, south-central Great Plains, and southeastern regions of the United States during the 2012 Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) Study. The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) was employed to simulate one DC3 case to provide an independent approach of estimating SEs and the opportunity to study CH2O retention in ice when liquid drops freeze. Measurements of CH2O instorminflow and outflow were acquired on board the NASA DC-8 and the NSF/National Center for Atmospheric Research Gulfstream V (GV) aircraft employing cross-calibrated infrared absorption spectrometers. This study also relied heavily on the nonreactive tracers i-/n-butane and i-/n-pentane measured on both aircraft in determining lateral entrainment rates during convection as well as their ratios to ensure that inflow and outflow air masses did not have different origins. Of the five storm cases studied, the various tracer measurements showed that the inflow and outflow from four storms were coherently related. The combined average of the various approaches from these storms yield remarkably consistent CH2O scavenging efficiency percentages of: 54% +/- 3% for 29 May; 54% +/- 6% for 6 June; 58% +/- 13% for 11 June; and 41 +/- 4% for 22 June. The WRF-Chem SE result of 53% for 29 May was achieved only when assuming complete CH2O degassing from ice. Further analysis indicated that proper selection of corresponding inflow and outflow time segments is more important than the particular mixing model employed. C1 [Fried, A.; Weibring, P.; Richter, D.; Walega, J.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barth, M. C.; Apel, E.; Hornbrook, R.; Hills, A.; Campos, T.; Flocke, F.; Weinheimer, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bela, M.; Cantrell, C.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pickering, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Riemer, D. D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Blake, N.; Blake, D. R.; Schroeder, J. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Luo, Z. J.] CUNY, City Coll New York, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Crawford, J. H.; Olson, J.; Diskin, G. S.; Sachse, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Rutledge, S.; Pollack, I.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Betten, D.; Biggerstaff, M. I.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Peischl, J.; Froyd, K.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Peischl, J.; Froyd, K.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, Innsbruck, Austria. [Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway. [Mikoviny, T.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Woods, S.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fried, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Alan.Fried@colorado.edu RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; FU National Science Foundation [1261559]; NASA [NNX12AM08G]; Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) of NCAR; NSF; National Science Foundation; Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) FX The lead author wishes to acknowledge funding for this work from the National Science Foundation under award 1261559 in 2013 and from NASA under award NNX12AM08G in 2012. Data from the DC3 field project can be found at http://data.eol.ucar.edu/master_list/?project=DC3. The aircraft data are also located at http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ArcView/dc3-seac4rs. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) of NCAR and the NSF for supporting the development of our GV CAMS instrument with internal funds, and Gary Granger of EOL for extensive software development and support on the CAMS instrument. The authors wish to thank the NASA DC-8 and NSF/NCAR GV pilots, staffs, and ground crews for their invaluable support both before and during DC3. Finally, Fried and his group wish to acknowledge Frank K. Tittel at Rice University for his efforts in helping us transform DFG technology from the laboratory to the real world. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The PTR-MS measurements aboard the NASA DC-8 were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). Tomas Mikoviny was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Langley Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 12 BP 7430 EP 7460 DI 10.1002/2015JD024477 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT6YU UT WOS:000381631800042 ER PT J AU Nicely, JM Anderson, DC Canty, TP Salawitch, RJ Wolfe, GM Apel, EC Arnold, SR Atlas, EL Blake, NJ Bresch, JF Campos, TL Dickerson, RR Duncan, B Emmons, LK Evans, MJ Fernandez, RP Flemming, J Hall, SR Hanisco, TF Honomichl, SB Hornbrook, RS Huijnen, V Kaser, L Kinnison, DE Lamarque, JF Mao, JQ Monks, SA Montzka, DD Pan, LL Riemer, DD Saiz-Lopez, A Steenrod, SD Stell, MH Tilmes, S Turquety, S Ullmann, K Weinheimer, AJ AF Nicely, Julie M. Anderson, Daniel C. Canty, Timothy P. Salawitch, Ross J. Wolfe, Glenn M. Apel, Eric C. Arnold, Steve R. Atlas, Elliot L. Blake, Nicola J. Bresch, James F. Campos, Teresa L. Dickerson, Russell R. Duncan, Bryan Emmons, Louisa K. Evans, Mathew J. Fernandez, Rafael P. Flemming, Johannes Hall, Samuel R. Hanisco, Thomas F. Honomichl, Shawn B. Hornbrook, Rebecca S. Huijnen, Vincent Kaser, Lisa Kinnison, Douglas E. Lamarque, Jean-Francois Mao, Jingqiu Monks, Sarah A. Montzka, Denise D. Pan, Laura L. Riemer, Daniel D. Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso Steenrod, Stephen D. Stell, Meghan H. Tilmes, Simone Turquety, Solene Ullmann, Kirk Weinheimer, Andrew J. TI An observationally constrained evaluation of the oxidative capacity in the tropical western Pacific troposphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BIOMASS BURNING POLLUTION; CHEMISTRY TRANSPORT MODEL; EXPLORATORY MISSION-WEST; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; TROPOPAUSE LAYER; IN-SITU; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; METHYL CHLOROFORM AB Hydroxyl radical (OH) is the main daytime oxidant in the troposphere and determines the atmospheric lifetimes of many compounds. We use aircraft measurements of O-3, H2O, NO, and other species from the Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) field campaign, which occurred in the tropical western Pacific (TWP) during January-February 2014, to constrain a photochemical box model and estimate concentrations of OH throughout the troposphere. We find that tropospheric column OH (OHCOL) inferred from CONTRAST observations is 12 to 40% higher than found in chemical transport models (CTMs), including CAM-chem-SD run with 2014 meteorology as well as eight models that participated in POLMIP (2008 meteorology). Part of this discrepancy is due to a clear-sky sampling bias that affects CONTRAST observations; accounting for this bias and also for a small difference in chemical mechanism results in our empirically based value of OHCOL being 0 to 20% larger than found within global models. While these global models simulate observed O-3 reasonably well, they underestimate NOx (NO + NO2) by a factor of 2, resulting in OHCOL similar to 30% lower than box model simulations constrained by observed NO. Underestimations by CTMs of observed CH3CHO throughout the troposphere and of HCHO in the upper troposphere further contribute to differences between our constrained estimates of OH and those calculated by CTMs. Finally, our calculations do not support the prior suggestion of the existence of a tropospheric OH minimum in the TWP, because during January-February (C) 2014 observed levels of O-3 and NO were considerably larger than previously reported values in the TWP. C1 [Nicely, Julie M.; Salawitch, Ross J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nicely, Julie M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Anderson, Daniel C.; Canty, Timothy P.; Salawitch, Ross J.; Dickerson, Russell R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Salawitch, Ross J.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.; Duncan, Bryan; Hanisco, Thomas F.; Steenrod, Stephen D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Apel, Eric C.; Bresch, James F.; Campos, Teresa L.; Emmons, Louisa K.; Hall, Samuel R.; Honomichl, Shawn B.; Hornbrook, Rebecca S.; Kaser, Lisa; Kinnison, Douglas E.; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Montzka, Denise D.; Pan, Laura L.; Stell, Meghan H.; Tilmes, Simone; Ullmann, Kirk; Weinheimer, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Arnold, Steve R.; Monks, Sarah A.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Atlas, Elliot L.; Riemer, Daniel D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Blake, Nicola J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Evans, Mathew J.] Univ York, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Evans, Mathew J.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Fernandez, Rafael P.; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso] CSIC, Inst Phys Chem Rocasolano, Dept Atmospher Chem & Climate, Madrid, Spain. [Evans, Mathew J.] Natl Res Council CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina. [Flemming, Johannes] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. [Huijnen, Vincent] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Mao, Jingqiu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Monks, Sarah A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Monks, Sarah A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Steenrod, Stephen D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Stell, Meghan H.] Metropolitan State Univ Denver, Denver, CO USA. [Turquety, Solene] Univ Paris 06, Univ Sorbonne, IPSL, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Paris, France. RP Nicely, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Nicely, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM julie.m.nicely@nasa.gov RI Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/B-3759-2015; Nicely, Julie/E-3668-2016; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Canty, Timothy/F-2631-2010; Anderson, Daniel/I-4398-2014; OI Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685; Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/0000-0002-0060-1581; Nicely, Julie/0000-0003-4828-0032; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Canty, Timothy/0000-0003-0618-056X; Anderson, Daniel/0000-0002-9826-9811; MONKS, SARAH/0000-0003-3474-027X; Huijnen, Vincent/0000-0002-2814-8475 FU National Science Foundation; NASA Modeling and Analysis Program; NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program [NNH12ZDA001N-UACO]; NOAA Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310071] FX We thank T. Robinson and O. Shieh for providing meteorology forecasts in the field and the pilots and crew of the CONTRAST Gulfstream V aircraft for their dedication and professionalism. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved this manuscript. CONTRAST was funded by the National Science Foundation. We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Work conducted at the University of Maryland was supported, in part, by the NASA Modeling and Analysis Program. G.M.W., D.C.A., and T.F.H. received support for the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program under NNH12ZDA001N-UACO. JM acknowledges support from the NOAA Climate Program Office grant NA13OAR4310071. CONTRAST data are publicly available for all researchers and can be obtained at http://data.eol.ucar.edu/master_list/?project=CONTRAST. The CAM-Chem-SD and POLMIP model simulations are available upon request to the authors (julie.m.nicely@nasa.gov). NR 103 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 12 BP 7461 EP 7488 DI 10.1002/2016JD025067 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT6YU UT WOS:000381631800043 ER PT J AU Coakley, KJ Miller, JB Montzka, SA Sweeney, C Miller, B AF Coakley, Kevin J. Miller, John B. Montzka, Stephen A. Sweeney, Colm Miller, Ben R. TI Surrogate gas prediction model as a proxy for Delta C-14-based measurements of fossil fuel CO2 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID REFERENCE NETWORK; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; (CO2)-C-14; REGRESSION; RATIOS AB The measured C-14:C-12 isotopic ratio of atmospheric CO2 (and its associated derived Delta C-14 value) is an ideal tracer for determination of the fossil fuel derived CO2 enhancement contributing to any atmospheric CO2 measurement (C-ff). Given enough such measurements, independent top-down estimation of U.S. fossil fuel CO2 emissions should be possible. However, the number of Delta C-14 measurements is presently constrained by cost, available sample volume, and availability of mass spectrometer measurement facilities. Delta C-14 is therefore measured in just a small fraction of samples obtained by flask air sampling networks around the world. Here we develop a projection pursuit regression (PPR) model to predict C-ff as a function of multiple surrogate gases acquired within the NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network (GGGRN). The surrogates consist of measured enhancements of various anthropogenic trace gases, including CO, SF6, and halocarbon and hydrocarbon acquired in vertical airborne sampling profiles near Cape May, NJ and Portsmouth, NH from 2005 to 2010. Model performance for these sites is quantified based on predicted values corresponding to test data excluded from the model building process. Chi-square hypothesis test analysis indicates that these predictions and corresponding observations are consistent given our uncertainty budget which accounts for random effects and one particular systematic effect. However, quantification of the combined uncertainty of the prediction due to all relevant systematic effects is difficult because of the limited range of the observations and their relatively high fractional uncertainties at the sampling sites considered here. To account for the possibility of additional systematic effects, we incorporate another component of uncertainty into our budget. Expanding the number of Delta C-14 measurements in the NOAA GGGRN and building new PPR models at additional sites would improve our understanding of uncertainties and potentially increase the number of C-ff estimates by approximately a factor of 3. Provided that these estimates are of comparable quality to Delta C-14-based estimates, we expect an improved determination of fossil fuel CO2 emissions. C1 [Coakley, Kevin J.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Miller, John B.; Montzka, Stephen A.; Sweeney, Colm; Miller, Ben R.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, John B.; Sweeney, Colm; Miller, Ben R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Coakley, KJ (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kevin.coakley@nist.gov FU NOAA Climate Program OfficeAC4 FX We thank A. Possolo, A. Pintar, D. Samarov, and J.C. Turnbull for their helpful comments, the NOAA Climate Program OfficeAC4 for funding the research that produced the measurements analyzed here, and C. Siso, A. Karion, and others from NOAA and CIRES for technical and logistical contributions related to sampling and analysis of flasks. Contributions to this work by staff of NIST (an agency of the U.S. government) are not subject to copyright in the U.S. and represent an execution of the NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements Program (Special Programs Office, Associate Director for Laboratory Programs, NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce). Data and software scripts are available in the supporting information. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 12 BP 7489 EP 7505 DI 10.1002/2015JD024715 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT6YU UT WOS:000381631800044 PM 28180034 ER PT J AU Bostelman, R Hong, T Marvel, J AF Bostelman, Roger Hong, Tsai Marvel, Jeremy TI Survey of Research for Performance Measurement of Mobile Manipulators SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mobile manipulator; performance measurement; standard; survey; test method ID OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE; ROBOT; SYSTEMS; MOTION; STABILITY; COMPENSATION; PLATFORM; FORCE; TASKS; METROLOGY AB This survey provides the basis for developing research in the area of mobile manipulator performance measurement, an area that has relatively few research articles when compared to other mobile manipulator research areas. The survey provides a literature review of mobile manipulator research with examples of experimental applications. The survey also provides an extensive list of planning and control references as this has been the major research focus for mobile manipulators which factors into performance measurement of the system. The survey then reviews performance metrics considered for mobile robots, robot arms, and mobile manipulators and the systems that measure their performance, including machine tool measurement systems through dynamic motion tracking systems. Lastly, the survey includes a section on research that has occurred for performance measurement of robots, mobile robots, and mobile manipulators beginning with calibration, standards, and mobile manipulator artifacts that are being considered for evaluation of mobile manipulator performance. C1 [Bostelman, Roger; Hong, Tsai; Marvel, Jeremy] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bostelman, Roger] Univ Bourgogne, Le2i, IEM, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Bostelman, R (reprint author), Univ Bourgogne, Le2i, IEM, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France. EM roger.bostelman@nist.gov; tsai.hong@nist.gov; jeremy.marvel@nist.gov NR 139 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 12 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUN 27 PY 2016 VL 121 DI 10.6028/jres.121.015 PG 25 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ5BR UT WOS:000379219900001 ER PT J AU Britton, JW Bohnet, JG Sawyer, BC Uys, H Biercuk, MJ Bollinger, JJ AF Britton, J. W. Bohnet, J. G. Sawyer, B. C. Uys, H. Biercuk, M. J. Bollinger, J. J. TI Vibration-induced field fluctuations in a superconducting magnet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC MASS MEASUREMENTS; PENNING TRAP; ELECTRON AB Superconducting magnets enable precise control of nuclear and electron spins, and are used in experiments that explore biological and condensed-matter systems, and fundamental atomic particles. In high-precision applications, a common view is that slow (<1 Hz) drift of the homogeneous magnetic-field limits control and measurement precision. We report on previously undocumented higher-frequency field noise (10-200 Hz) that limits the coherence time of Be-9(+) electron-spin qubits in the 4.46-T field of a superconducting magnet. We measure a spin-echo T-2 coherence time of similar to 6 ms for the Be-9(+) electron-spin resonance at 124 GHz, limited by part-per-billion fractional fluctuations in the magnet's homogeneous field. Vibration isolation of the magnet improved T-2 to similar to 50 ms. C1 [Britton, J. W.; Bohnet, J. G.; Bollinger, J. J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Britton, J. W.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Sawyer, B. C.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Uys, H.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Phys, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Uys, H.] CSIR, Natl Laser Ctr, ZA-0184 Pretoria, South Africa. [Biercuk, M. J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, ARC Ctr Engn Quantum Syst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Britton, JW (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Britton, JW (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM joe.britton@gmail.com FU DARPA OLE; NIST FX We acknowledge financial support from DARPA OLE and NIST. The authors thank S. Lyon and G. Morley for very useful discussions on solid-state ESR experiments, and J. Savory and S. Russek for their comments on the paper. This work includes contributions by NIST and as such is not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 27 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 6 AR 062511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.062511 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DP9FS UT WOS:000378802700013 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Sutton, R Danabasoglu, G Delworth, TL Kim, WM Robson, J Yeager, SG AF Zhang, Rong Sutton, Rowan Danabasoglu, Gokhan Delworth, Thomas L. Kim, Who M. Robson, Jon Yeager, Stephen G. TI Comment on "The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation without a role for ocean circulation" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID VARIABILITY AB Clement et al. (Reports, 16 October 2015, p. 320) claim that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) is a thermodynamic response of the ocean mixed layer to stochastic atmospheric forcing and that ocean circulation changes have no role in causing the AMO. These claims are not justified. We show that ocean dynamics play a central role in the AMO. C1 [Zhang, Rong; Delworth, Thomas L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Sutton, Rowan; Robson, Jon] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reading, Berks, England. [Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Kim, Who M.; Yeager, Stephen G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. EM rong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Robson, Jon/A-7677-2012 OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Robson, Jon/0000-0002-3467-018X NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 24 PY 2016 VL 352 IS 6293 DI 10.1126/science.aaf1660 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DP2TT UT WOS:000378346500030 ER PT J AU Leo, JP Minello, TJ Grant, WE Wang, HH AF Leo, Jennifer P. Minello, Thomas J. Grant, William E. Wang, Hsiao-Hsuan TI Simulating environmental effects on brown shrimp production in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Brown shrimp; Farfantepenaeus aztecus; Individual-based model; ODD protocol ID PENAEUS-AZTECUS IVES; TEXAS SALT-MARSH; POSTLARVAL BROWN; GALVESTON BAY; FARFANTEPENAEUS-AZTECUS; WHITE SHRIMP; LITOPENAEUS-SETIFERUS; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; NEKTON USE; ESTUARINE AB Brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus) support a commercially important fishery in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and juveniles use coastal estuaries as nurseries. Production of young shrimp from any given bay system, and hence commercial harvest of sub-adults and adults from the Gulf, is highly variable from year to year. We describe development of a spatially-explicit, individual-based model representing the cumulative effects of temperature, salinity, and access to emergent marsh vegetation on the growth and survival of young brown shrimp, and we use the model to simulate shrimp production from Galveston Bay, Texas, U.S.A. under environmental conditions representative of those observed from 1983 to 2012. Simulated mean annual (January through August) production ranged from 27.5 kg ha(-1) to 43.5 kg ha(-1) with an overall mean of 34.3 kg ha(-1) (0.70 kg ha(-1) SE). Sensitivity analyses included changing values of key model parameters by +/- 10% relative to baseline. Increasing growth rates 10% caused a 16% increase in production, whereas a 10% decrease resulted in an 18% decrease in production. A 10% increase in mortality probabilities resulted in a production decrease of 15% while a 10% decrease resulted in an 18% increase in production. We also changed values of environmental input data by 10%. Mean production estimates increased 11% in response to increasing tide heights (and thus, marsh habitat access) and decreased 19% with a decrease in tide height (and marsh access). The thirty year mean production was affected negatively by both the 10% increase and decrease in air temperature (-2% and -14%, respectively). Simulations in which bay water salinities were entirely low (0-10 PSU), intermediate (10-20 PSU), or high (>20 PSU) resulted in mean baseline production rates being reduced by 55, 7, and 0%, respectively. Uncertainty in model estimates of shrimp production were related to the magnitude and the timing of postlarval shrimp recruitment to the bay system. Simulations indicated that mean production decreased when recruitment occurred earlier in the year under all environmental conditions. Mean production varied with environmental conditions, however, when recruitment was delayed. The model reproduced biomass and size distribution patterns observed in field data. Although annual variability of modeled shrimp production did not correlate well (R-2 = 0.005) with fisheries independent trawl data from Galveston Bay, there was a significant correlation with similar trawl data collected in the northern Gulf of Mexico (R-2 = 0.40; p = 0.0005). Identifying and representing spatially variable factors such as predator distribution and abundance among bays, therefore, may be the key to understanding bay-specific contributions to the adult stock. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Leo, Jennifer P.; Minello, Thomas J.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. [Leo, Jennifer P.; Grant, William E.; Wang, Hsiao-Hsuan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Leo, JP (reprint author), Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. EM jennifer.leo@noaa.gov FU NOAA Office of Science and Technology [11-006] FX This research was conducted through the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center by personnel from the Fishery Ecology Branch (FEB) at the Galveston Laboratory. The assistance of everyone in the FEB was essential for the successful completion of this project. The model was developed with Habitat Assessment Improvement Plan funding from the NOAA Office of Science and Technology (Project # 11-006). We would like to acknowledge Dan Childers and Jenny Cutler for early work on a similar model. Salinity data from the TxBLEND model was provided by Carla Guthrie and Joe Trungale. The GIS analysis was performed by Philip A. Caldwell. Glenn Sutton and Harmon Brown provided shrimp abundance data from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department trawl surveys. Rick Hart provided SEAMAP nominal data and brown shrimp abundance indices for the Gulf of Mexico. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NOAA. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN 24 PY 2016 VL 330 BP 24 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.02.017 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DL7MJ UT WOS:000375824500003 ER PT J AU Figurski, JD Freiwald, J Lonhart, SI Storlazzi, CD AF Figurski, Jared D. Freiwald, Jan Lonhart, Steve I. Storlazzi, Curt D. TI Seasonal sediment dynamics shape temperate bedrock reef communities SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Benthic; Diversity; Intermediate disturbance hypothesis; Mobile invertebrates; Physical disturbance; Recruitment; Sessile; Seafloor mapping; Kelp forest ecology ID INTERMEDIATE DISTURBANCE HYPOTHESIS; CRUSTOSE CORALLINE ALGAE; NORTHERN MONTEREY-BAY; SEA-FLOOR; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; SPECIES RICHNESS; PATCH DYNAMICS; ROCKY SHORES; DIVERSITY; SHELF AB Mobilized seafloor sediment can impact benthic reef communities through burial, scour, and turbidity. These processes are ubiquitous in coastal oceans and, through their influence on the survival, fitness, and interactions of species, can alter the structure and function of benthic communities. In northern Monterey Bay, California, USA, as much as 30% of the seafloor is buried or exposed seasonally, making this an ideal location to test how subtidal temperate rocky reef communities vary in the presence and absence of chronic sediment-based disturbances. Designated dynamic plots were naturally inundated by sediment in summer (50 to 100% cover) and swept clean in winter, whereas designated stable plots remained free of sediment during our study. Multivariate analyses indicated significant differences in the structure of sessile and mobile communities between dynamic and stable reef habitats. For sessile species, community structure in disturbed plots was less variable in space and time than in stable plots due to the maintenance of an early successional state. In contrast, community structure of mobile species varied more in disturbed plots than in stable plots, reflecting how mobile species distribute in response to sediment dynamics. Some species were found only in these disturbed areas, suggesting that the spatial mosaic of disturbance could increase regional diversity. We discuss how the relative ability of species to tolerate disturbance at different life history stages and their ability to colonize habitat translate into community-level differences among habitats, and how this response varies between mobile and sessile communities. C1 [Figurski, Jared D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Freiwald, Jan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Lonhart, Steve I.] NOAA, Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Storlazzi, Curt D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Figurski, Jared D.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Figurski, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.; Figurski, JD (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM jared@mbari.org FU US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program's Benthic Habitats (Pacific) Project; Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Coastal Oceans (PISCO); David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX The work was funded by the US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program's Benthic Habitats (Pacific) Project to better understand the effects of geologic and oceanographic processes on coastal and marine ecosystems, and by the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Coastal Oceans (PISCO). We thank Mark Carr (UCSC), Pete Raimondi (UCSC), and Melissa Foley (USGS) for their comments and advice that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. This is contribution number (Number to be provided upon acceptance) from PISCO, funded primarily by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Use of trademark names does not imply USGS endorsement of products. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD JUN 23 PY 2016 VL 552 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.3354/meps11763 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DR3OJ UT WOS:000379812200002 ER PT J AU Wells, BK Santora, JA Schroeder, ID Mantua, N Sydeman, WJ Huff, DD Field, JC AF Wells, Brian K. Santora, Jarrod A. Schroeder, Isaac D. Mantua, Nathan Sydeman, William J. Huff, David D. Field, John C. TI Marine ecosystem perspectives on Chinook salmon recruitment: a synthesis of empirical and modeling studies from a California upwelling system SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Review DE Forage nekton; Krill; Upwelling phenology; Salmon survival; California Current Ecosystem; Numerical ecosystem modeling ID TO-END MODELS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; OCEAN CONDITIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; POPULATION-COMPLEX; STOCK ASSESSMENT; JUVENILE SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; CENTRAL VALLEY AB We review the suite of biophysical factors in the Northeast Pacific Ocean basin and California Current shelf ecosystem that directly or indirectly relate to central California Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha growth and survival upon ocean entry, a critical life-history period for this population. Our synthesis provides a framework for integrating ecosystem process studies with empirical hypothesis testing to benefit fisheries management. Our hypothesis includes seasonality (phenology) as a key element of early salmon growth and survival. The strength and location of the North Pacific High (NPH) pressure system in winter influences salmon growth and survival via 'bottom-up' productivity and retention of key prey (euphausiid crustaceans and juvenile rockfishes Sebastes spp.) in nearshore habitats prior to and during salmon emigration to sea in spring. Prey retention, which is associated with increased consumption of krill and juvenile rockfishes, and is positively correlated with juvenile salmon body condition and ocean survival, appears to set cohort strength and return rates. We examined these mechanistic relationships by reviewing the results of a biophysical model coupled to an individual-based model for salmon. Our review results in a final hypothesis stating that early salmon growth and survival are positively related to intensity of early season upwelling, and associated (forage) nekton production and retention on the shelf during spring and summer. C1 [Wells, Brian K.; Mantua, Nathan; Field, John C.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Santora, Jarrod A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Dept Appl Math & Stat, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Schroeder, Isaac D.] NOAA Fisheries, Environm Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst, 101 H St,Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Huff, David D.] NOAA Fisheries, Point Adams Res Stn, Fish Ecol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, POB 155, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. RP Wells, BK (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM brian.wells@noaa.gov OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685 FU NASA ROSES; California Ocean Protection Council; California Sea Grant; NMFS California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment; NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy program [15WCR047]; Center for Stock Assessment Research; Southwest Fisheries Science Center; University of California, Santa Cruz FX Funding for this work was provided by NASA ROSES, the California Ocean Protection Council, California Sea Grant, and the NMFS California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment. J.A.S. was partially supported by a grant (15WCR047) from the NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy program and by the Center for Stock Assessment Research, a partnership between the Southwest Fisheries Science Center and the University of California, Santa Cruz. We are grateful to P. Kilduff for providing survival data and J. Fiechter for providing data for Fig. 6. Comments from B. Burke, S. Ralston, S. Lindley, M. Trudel, M. Beakes, and anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. NR 98 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD JUN 23 PY 2016 VL 552 BP 271 EP 284 DI 10.3354/meps11757 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DR3OJ UT WOS:000379812200019 ER PT J AU Wiener, CG Tyagi, M Liu, Y Weiss, RA Vogt, BD AF Wiener, Clinton G. Tyagi, Madhusudan Liu, Yun Weiss, R. A. Vogt, Bryan D. TI Supramolecular Hydrophobic Aggregates in Hydrogels Partially Inhibit Ice Formation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LINKED ALKYLACRYLAMIDE HYDROGELS; NANOPOROUS ALUMINA; SUPERCOOLED WATER; CARBON NANOTUBES; DYNAMICS; LIQUID; DIFFUSION; BEHAVIOR; PHASE AB Prevention of ice crystallization is a challenging problem with implications in diverse applications, as well as examining the fundamental low temperature physics of water. Here, we demonstrate a simple route, inspired by water confinement in antifreeze proteins, to inhibit crystallization and provide high water mobility of highly supercooled water using supramolecular hydrogels of copolymers of dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and 2-(N-ethylperfluoro octane sulfonamido)ethyl acrylate (FOSA). These hydrogels can suppress or inhibit freezing of their water, depending on the copolymer composition. Dynamic and static neutron scattering indicate that hydrogels using the copolymer with 22 mol % FOSA partially inhibit ice formation. This behavior is attributed to confinement (<2 nm) of water between the hydrophobic FOSA nanodomains that prevents 45% of the water within the hydrogel from freezing even at 205 K. Very fast dynamics of the amorphous water are observed at 220 K with an effective local diffusivity decreased by only a factor of 2 from that observed at 295 K within the hydrogel using the copolymer with 22 mol % FOSA. The spacing between the hydrophobic nanodomains, tuned through the copolymer composition, appears to modulate the water that can crystallize. These fully hydrated hydrogels (at equilibrium with liquid water at 295 K) can enable a significant fraction of highly supercooled water to be stable down to at least 205 K. C1 [Wiener, Clinton G.; Weiss, R. A.; Vogt, Bryan D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan; Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM vogt@uakron.edu RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 FU Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation Division of the Engineering Directorate of the National Science Foundation [CMMI-1300212]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249] FX This work was supported by the Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation Division of the Engineering Directorate of the National Science Foundation (Grant CMMI-1300212). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-1508249. Certain commercial material suppliers are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. We would like to thank Craig Brown for his help in experimental setup and analysis discussion. We would like to also thank beam line and environment staff Jeff Krzywon and Tanya Dax for their help in experimental setup. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 23 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 24 BP 5543 EP 5552 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02863 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DP7FC UT WOS:000378663600022 PM 27228304 ER PT J AU Tavazza, F Levine, LE AF Tavazza, Francesca Levine, Lyle E. TI DFT Investigation of Early Stages of Nanoindentation in Ni SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; ELASTIC-MODULUS; INDENTATION; HARDNESS AB Density functional theory simulations of diamond tips indenting Ni surfaces are used to study the early stages of nanoindentation. Numerous complex interactions are observed, including Ni-surface deformation during tip approach, the attachment and migration of Ni atoms on the indenter surface, Ni-ejection during early nanoindentation, C-C bond breaking, and C atom removal from the tip. The embedding of C atoms within the Ni sample may explain the tip wear problem encountered during frequent reuse of indenter tips. Since the detailed chemical interactions between the Ni and C atoms play a significant role in all of these behaviors, we conclude that quantum-mechanics-based simulations are critical for even a qualitative assessment of these early stage mechanisms. C1 [Tavazza, Francesca; Levine, Lyle E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tavazza, F (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 23 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 24 BP 13249 EP 13255 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b01148 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DP7FE UT WOS:000378663800033 ER PT J AU Patel, SH Morreale, SJ Saba, VS Panagopoulou, A Margaritoulis, D Spotila, JR AF Patel, Samir H. Morreale, Stephen J. Saba, Vincent S. Panagopoulou, Aliki Margaritoulis, Dimitris Spotila, James R. TI Climate Impacts on Sea Turtle Breeding Phenology in Greece and Associated Foraging Habitats in the Wider Mediterranean Region SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC LEATHERBACK TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; MARINE TURTLES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; POSIDONIA-OCEANICA; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT; SATELLITE TRACKING; SAND TEMPERATURE AB Sea turtles are vulnerable to climate change impacts in both their terrestrial (nesting beach) and oceanic habitats. From 1982 to 2012, air and sea surface temperatures at major high use foraging and nesting regions (n = 5) of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting in Greece have steadily increased. Here, we update the established relationships between sea surface temperature and nesting data from Zakynthos (latitude: 37.7 degrees N), a major nesting beach, while also expanding these analyses to include precipitation and air temperature and additional nesting data from two other key beaches in Greece: Kyparissia Bay (latitude: 37.3 degrees N) and Rethymno, Crete (latitude: 35.4 degrees N). We confirmed that nesting phenology at Zakynthos has continued to be impacted by breeding season temperature; however, temperature has no consistent relationship with nest numbers, which are declining on Zakynthos and Crete but increasing at Kyparissia. Then using statistically downscaled outputs of 14 climate models assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we projected future shifts in nesting for these populations. Based on the climate models, we projected that temperature at the key foraging and breeding sites (Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Crete, Gulf of Gabes and Zakynthos/Kyparissia Bay; overall latitudinal range:33.0 degrees-45.8 degrees N) for loggerhead turtles nesting in Greece will rise by 3-5 degrees C by 2100. Our calculations indicate that the projected rise in air and ocean temperature at Zakynthos could cause the nesting season in this major rookery to shift to an earlier date by as much as 50-74 days by 2100. Although an earlier onset of the nesting season may provide minor relief for nest success as temperatures rise, the overall climatic changes to the various important habitats will most likely have an overall negative impact on this population. C1 [Patel, Samir H.; Panagopoulou, Aliki; Spotila, James R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biodivers Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Morreale, Stephen J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Saba, Vincent S.] NOAA NMFS NEFSC, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ USA. [Panagopoulou, Aliki; Margaritoulis, Dimitris] ARCHELON, Sea Turtle Protect Soc Greece, Athens 10432, Greece. RP Patel, SH (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Biodivers Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM shp42@drexel.edu OI Patel, Samir/0000-0002-2177-5038 FU Betz Chair of Environmental Science at Drexel University; Leatherback Trust, Monterrey Bay, CA FX This project was funded by The Betz Chair of Environmental Science at Drexel University and by The Leatherback Trust, Monterrey Bay, CA. The funders contributed in an advisory role, but were not directly part of collecting and analyzing data. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 36 U2 53 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 22 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 6 AR e0157170 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0157170 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DP0WX UT WOS:000378212800021 PM 27332550 ER PT J AU Holden, PA Gardea-Torresdey, JL Klaessig, F Turco, RF Mortimer, M Hund-Rinke, K Hubal, EAC Avery, D Barcelo, D Behra, R Cohen, Y Deydier-Stephan, L Ferguson, PL Fernandes, TF Harthorn, BH Henderson, WM Hoke, RA Hristozov, D Johnston, JM Kane, AB Kapustka, L Keller, AA Lenihan, HS Lovell, W Murphy, CJ Nisbet, RM Petersen, EJ Salinas, ER Scheringer, M Sharma, M Speed, DE Sultan, Y Westerhoff, P White, JC Wiesner, MR Wong, EM Xing, BS Horan, MS Godwin, HA Nel, AE AF Holden, Patricia A. Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L. Klaessig, Fred Turco, Ronald F. Mortimer, Monika Hund-Rinke, Kerstin Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen Avery, David Barcelo, Damia Behra, Renata Cohen, Yoram Deydier-Stephan, Laurence Ferguson, P. Lee Fernandes, Teresa F. Harthorn, Barbara Herr Henderson, W. Matthew Hoke, Robert A. Hristozov, Danail Johnston, John M. Kane, Agnes B. Kapustka, Larry Keller, Arturo A. Lenihan, Hunter S. Lovell, Wess Murphy, Catherine J. Nisbet, Roger M. Petersen, Elijah J. Salinas, Edward R. Scheringer, Martin Sharma, Monita Speed, David E. Sultan, Yasir Westerhoff, Paul White, Jason C. Wiesner, Mark R. Wong, Eva M. Xing, Baoshan Horan, Meghan Steele Godwin, Hilary A. Nel, Andre E. TI Considerations of Environmentally Relevant Test Conditions for Improved Evaluation of Ecological Hazards of Engineered Nanomaterials SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; COATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES; NEAR-INFRARED FLUORESCENCE; SOIL BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; ECOTOXICITY TEST METHODS; AQUATIC TOXICITY TESTS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS AB Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are increasingly entering the environment with uncertain consequences including potential ecological effects. Various research communities view differently whether ecotoxicological testing of ENMs should be conducted using environmentally relevant concentrations where observing outcomes is difficult versus higher ENM doses, where responses are observable. What exposure conditions are typically used in assessing ENM hazards to populations? What conditions are used to test ecosystem-scale hazards? What is known regarding actual ENMs in the environment, via measurements or modeling simulations? How should exposure conditions, ENM transformation, dose, and body burden be used in interpreting biological and computational findings for assessing risks? These questions were addressed in the context of this critical review. As a result, three main recommendations emerged. First, researchers should improve ecotoxicology of ENMs by choosing test end points, duration, and study conditions-including ENM test concentrations that align with realistic exposure scenarios. Second, testing should proceed via tiers with iterative feedback that informs experiments at other levels of biological organization. Finally, environmental realism in ENM hazard assessments should involve greater coordination among ENM quantitative analysts, exposure modelers, and ecotoxicologists, across government, industry, and academia. C1 [Holden, Patricia A.; Mortimer, Monika; Keller, Arturo A.; Lenihan, Hunter S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Holden, Patricia A.; Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L.; Klaessig, Fred; Mortimer, Monika; Avery, David; Cohen, Yoram; Harthorn, Barbara Herr; Keller, Arturo A.; Lenihan, Hunter S.; Nisbet, Roger M.; Horan, Meghan Steele; Godwin, Hilary A.; Nel, Andre E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, UC CEIN, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L.] Univ Texas El Paso, Environm Sci & Engn PhD Program, Dept Chem, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Klaessig, Fred] Penn Bio Nano Syst, Doylestown, PA 18901 USA. [Turco, Ronald F.] Purdue Univ, Coll Agr, Soil Microbiol Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mortimer, Monika] NICPB, Lab Environm Toxicol, Akad Tee 23, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia. [Hund-Rinke, Kerstin] Fraunhofer Inst Mol Biol & Appl Ecol, D-57392 Schmallenberg, Germany. [Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Barcelo, Damia] Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res IDAEA CSIC, Dept Environm Chem, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Barcelo, Damia] Univ Girona, ICRA, Parc Cient & Tecnol, Girona 17003, Spain. [Behra, Renata] Eawag, Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Behra, Renata] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Cohen, Yoram; Godwin, Hilary A.; Nel, Andre E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Deydier-Stephan, Laurence] European Chem Agcy ECHA, Annankatu 18, Helsinki 00121, Finland. [Ferguson, P. Lee] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, CEINT, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Fernandes, Teresa F.] Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Harthorn, Barbara Herr] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol, Ctr Nanotechnol Soc, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Henderson, W. Matthew; Johnston, John M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Hoke, Robert A.] EI du Pont de Nemours & Co, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Hristozov, Danail] Univ Ca Foscari Venice, Dept Environm Sci Informat & Stat, I-30123 Venice, Italy. [Kane, Agnes B.] Brown Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Kapustka, Larry] LK Consultancy, Turner Valley, AB T0L 2A0, Canada. [Lovell, Wess] Vive Crop Protect Inc, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada. [Murphy, Catherine J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nisbet, Roger M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Salinas, Edward R.] BASF SE, Expt Toxicol & Ecol, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. [Scheringer, Martin] ETH, Inst Chem & Bioengn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Sharma, Monita] PETA Int Sci Consortium Ltd, London N1 9RL, England. [Speed, David E.] Corp EHS, Globalfoundries, Hopewell Jct, NY 12533 USA. [Sultan, Yasir] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, PQ K1A 0H3, Canada. [Westerhoff, Paul] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [White, Jason C.] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Analyt Chem, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. [Wong, Eva M.] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Xing, Baoshan] Univ Massachusetts, Stockbridge Sch Agr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Godwin, Hilary A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Godwin, Hilary A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Nel, Andre E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Div NanoMed, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Holden, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.; Holden, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, UC CEIN, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM holden@bren.ucsb.edu RI Nisbet, Roger/B-6951-2014; Ferguson, Lee/A-5501-2013; Mortimer, Monika/A-2593-2013; OI Mortimer, Monika/0000-0001-9008-521X; Hristozov, Danail/0000-0002-2386-7366; Fernandes, Teresa/0000-0002-8541-598X; Murphy, Catherine/0000-0001-7066-5575 FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [DBI-1266377] FX Funding was from the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement DBI-1266377. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Although this document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication, the views are those of the authors and may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products should not be interpreted as endorsement or recommendation for use. We acknowledge the helpful comments of three anonymous reviewers. NR 299 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 65 U2 119 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 21 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 12 BP 6124 EP 6145 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b00608 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP4ML UT WOS:000378469900004 PM 27177237 ER PT J AU Lundin, JI Ylitalo, GM Booth, RK Anulacion, B Hempelmann, JA Parsons, KM Giles, DA Seely, EA Hanson, MB Emmons, CK Wasser, SK AF Lundin, Jessica I. Ylitalo, Gina M. Booth, Rebecca K. Anulacion, Bernadita Hempelmann, Jennifer A. Parsons, Kim M. Giles, Deborah A. Seely, Elizabeth A. Hanson, M. Bradley Emmons, Candice K. Wasser, Samuel K. TI Modulation in Persistent Organic Pollutant Concentration and Profile by Prey Availability and Reproductive Status in Southern Resident Killer Whale Scat Samples SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; PORPOISES PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; SEAL HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; ORCINUS-ORCA; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; THYROID-HORMONE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LIFE-HISTORY AB Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), specifically PCBs, PBDEs, and DDTs, in the marine environment are well documented, however accumulation and mobilization patterns at the top of the food-web are poorly understood. This study broadens the understanding of POPs in the endangered Southern Resident killer whale population by addressing modulation by prey availability and reproductive status, along with endocrine disrupting effects. A total of 140 killer whale scat samples collected from 54 unique whales across a 4 year sampling period (2010-2013) were analyzed for concentrations of POPs. Toxicant measures were linked to pod, age, and birth order in genotyped individuals, prey abundance using open-source test fishery data, and pregnancy status based on hormone indices from the same sample. Toxicant concentrations were highest and had the greatest potential for toxicity when prey abundance was the lowest. In addition, these toxicants were likely from endogenous lipid stores. Bioaccumulation of POPs increased with age, with the exception of presumed nulliparous females. The exceptional pattern may be explained by females experiencing unobserved neonatal loss. Transfer of POPs through mobilization of endogenous lipid stores during lactation was highest for first-borns with diminished transfer to subsequent calves. Contrary to expectation, POP concentrations did not demonstrate an associated disruption of thyroid hormone, although this association may have been masked by impacts of prey abundance on thyroid hormone concentrations. The noninvasive method for measuring POP concentrations in killer whales through scat employed in this study may improve toxicant monitoring in the marine environment and promote conservation efforts. C1 [Lundin, Jessica I.; Booth, Rebecca K.; Seely, Elizabeth A.; Wasser, Samuel K.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.; Anulacion, Bernadita; Hempelmann, Jennifer A.; Parsons, Kim M.; Hanson, M. Bradley; Emmons, Candice K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Parsons, Kim M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Giles, Deborah A.] Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. RP Lundin, JI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jlundin2@uw.edu FU Washington Sea Grant [NA10OAR417005]; NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC); Center for Conservation Biology; Northwest Science Association; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [91735201] FX Research funding was provided by the Washington Sea Grant [pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), award no. NA10OAR417005], NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), Canadian Consulate General, Center for Conservation Biology, and Northwest Science Association. This publication was developed under STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. 91735201 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors, and the EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. Fecal and blubber biopsy samples from Southern Resident killer whales were collected in United States waters under National Marine Fisheries Service permits 10045 and 16163, respectively. Fecal samples were collected in Canadian waters under Marine Mammal License numbers 2010-09 and 2012-08, as well as Species at Risk Act permits numbered 109 and 155. The use of select internal standards was provided by the University of Washington Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health (P30ES007033). Special thanks to Conservation Canines, and to Kari Koski, Doug McCutchen, and Jim Rappold for driving the research vessel and contributing knowledge of the whales for successful sampling days. Thanks to Tara Wilson for helping process samples and run hormone assays. Thank you to Eric Ward and Daniel Schindler for support in developing the Fraser River Chinook metric for prey abundance. Thank you to Russel Dills and Jacqui Ahmad for their support and expertise in trace analytic methods, and to Dawn Noren for valuable feedback on whale physiology. Much gratitude to field and lab assistants and volunteers, and the killer whale community for continued support helping to make our project a success. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 30 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 21 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 12 BP 6506 EP 6516 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b00825 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP4ML UT WOS:000378469900046 PM 27186642 ER PT J AU Wall, WF Puerari, I Tilanus, R Israel, FP Austermann, JE Aretxaga, I Wilson, G Yun, M Scott, KS Perera, TA Roberts, CM Hughes, DH AF Wall, W. F. Puerari, I. Tilanus, R. Israel, F. P. Austermann, J. E. Aretxaga, I. Wilson, G. Yun, M. Scott, K. S. Perera, T. A. Roberts, C. M. Hughes, D. H. TI Continuum observations of M 51 and M 83 at 1.1 mm with AzTEC SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual: M 51, M 83; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: spiral ID STAR-FORMATION RATE; CO-TO-H-2 CONVERSION FACTOR; HERSCHEL REFERENCE SURVEY; GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS; GALACTIC-CENTER REGION; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; MODELING CO EMISSION; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; NEARBY GALAXIES AB We observed the spiral galaxies M 51 and M 83 at 20 arscec spatial resolution with the bolometer array Aztronomical Thermal Emission Camera (AzTEC) on the JCMT in the 1.1 mm continuum, recovering the extended emission out to galactocentric radii of more than 12 kpc in both galaxies. The 1.1 mm-continuum fluxes are 5.6 +/- 0.7 and 9.9 +/- 1.4 Jy, with associated gas masses estimated at 9.4 x 10(9) M-aS (TM) and 7.2 x 10(9) M-aS (TM) for M 51 and M 83, respectively. In the interarm regions of both galaxies, the N(H-2)/I(CO) (or X-factor) ratios exceed those in the arms by factors of similar to 1.5-2. In the inner discs of both galaxies, the X-factor is about 1 x 10(20) cm(- 2) (K km s(- 1))(- 1). In the outer parts, the CO-dark molecular gas becomes more important. While the spiral density wave in M 51 appears to influence the interstellar medium and stars in a similar way, the bar potential in M 83 influences the interstellar medium and the stars differently. We confirm the result of Foyle et al. that the arms merely heighten the star formation rate (SFR) and the gas surface density in the same proportion. Our maps reveal a threshold gas surface density for an SFR increase by two or more orders of magnitude. In both galaxy centres, the molecular gas depletion time is about 1 Gyr climbing to 10-20 Gyr at radii of 6-8 kpc. This is consistent with an inside-out depletion of the molecular gas in the discs of spiral galaxies. C1 [Wall, W. F.; Puerari, I.; Aretxaga, I.; Hughes, D. H.] Inst Nacl Astrofi Opt & Elect, Apdo 51 & 216, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. [Tilanus, R.; Israel, F. P.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Austermann, J. E.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, 325 Broadway Mailcode 817-3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wilson, G.; Yun, M.; Roberts, C. M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Scott, K. S.] NRAO, North Amer ALMA Sci Ctr, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Perera, T. A.] Illinois Wesleyan Univ, CNS C 007C, Bloomington, IL 61702 USA. RP Wall, WF (reprint author), Inst Nacl Astrofi Opt & Elect, Apdo 51 & 216, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. EM wwall@inaoep.mx FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Consultations with Rich Rand, Divakara Mayya, Daniel Rosa are greatly appreciated. We also thank the anonymous referee, whose comments improved the manuscript. I.P. thanks the Mexican Foundation, CONACyT. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 115 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 21 PY 2016 VL 459 IS 2 BP 1440 EP 1467 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw687 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO0LU UT WOS:000377471200025 ER PT J AU Jin, XN Siegel, D Weiss, BA Gamel, E Wang, W Lee, J Ni, J AF Jin, Xiaoning Siegel, David Weiss, Brian A. Gamel, Ellen Wang, Wei Lee, Jay Ni, Jun TI The present status and future growth of maintenance in US manufacturing: results from a pilot survey SO MANUFACTURING REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Maintenance strategy; Prognostics and health management; Preventive and predictive maintenance ID TOOL; SYSTEM; OPTIMIZATION; SIMULATION AB A research study was conducted (1) to examine the practices employed by US manufacturers to achieve productivity goals and (2) to understand what level of intelligent maintenance technologies and strategies are being incorporated into these practices. This study found that the effectiveness and choice of maintenance strategy were strongly correlated to the size of the manufacturing enterprise; there were large differences in adoption of advanced maintenance practices and diagnostics and prognostics technologies between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Despite their greater adoption of maintenance practices and technologies, large manufacturing organizations have had only modest success with respect to diagnostics and prognostics and preventive maintenance projects. The varying degrees of success with respect to preventative maintenance programs highlight the opportunity for larger manufacturers to improve their maintenance practices and use of advanced prognostics and health management (PHM) technology. The future outlook for manufacturing PHM technology among the manufacturing organizations considered in this study was overwhelmingly positive; many manufacturing organizations have current and planned projects in this area. Given the current modest state of implementation and positive outlook for this technology, gaps, future trends, and roadmaps for manufacturing PHM and maintenance strategy are presented. C1 [Jin, Xiaoning] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Siegel, David; Gamel, Ellen; Wang, Wei; Lee, Jay] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 560 Baldwin Hall,2600 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Weiss, Brian A.] NIST, US Dept Commerce, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ni, Jun] 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jin, XN (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM xnjin@umich.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), US Department of Commerce [70NANB14H234] FX We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), US Department of Commerce in providing the grant support (#70NANB14H234) and intellectual input into this pilot study. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2265-4224 J9 MANUF REV JI Manuf. Rev. PD JUN 20 PY 2016 VL 3 AR 10 DI 10.1051/mfreview/2016005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA EH7OJ UT WOS:000391962000001 PM 27525253 ER PT J AU Howard, TA Pizzo, VJ AF Howard, T. A. Pizzo, V. J. TI CHALLENGING SOME CONTEMPORARY VIEWS OF CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS. I. THE CASE FOR BLAST WAVES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE instabilities; solar wind; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic fields ID 2010 AUGUST 1; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET WAVE; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; SOLAR-FLARES; EIT WAVES; FLUX-ROPE; DYNAMICAL RESPONSE; INNER HELIOSPHERE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; SOHO/EIT OBSERVATIONS AB Since the closure of the "solar flare myth" debate in the mid-1990s, a specific narrative of the nature of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) has been widely accepted by the solar physics community. This narrative describes structured magnetic flux ropes at the CME core that drive the surrounding field plasma away from the Sun. This narrative replaced the "traditional" view that CMEs were blast waves driven by solar flares. While the flux rope CME narrative is supported by a vast quantity of measurements made over five decades, it does not adequately describe every observation of what have been termed CME-related phenomena. In this paper we present evidence that some large-scale coronal eruptions, particularly those associated with EIT waves, exhibit characteristics that are more consistent with a blast wave originating from a localized region (such as a flare site) rather than a large-scale structure driven by an intrinsic flux rope. We present detailed examples of CMEs that are suspected blast waves and flux ropes, and show that of our small sample of 22 EIT-wave-related CMEs, 91% involve a blast wave as at least part of the eruption, and 50% are probably blast waves exclusively. We conclude with a description of possible signatures to look for in determining the difference between the two types of CMEs and with a discussion on modeling efforts to explore this possibility. C1 [Howard, T. A.] Southwest Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Pizzo, V. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Howard, TA (reprint author), Southwest Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM howard@boulder.swri.edu FU NASA H-GI program [NNX13AE01G]; NSF SHINE Competition [AGS-1260321] FX Thanks to NASA, NRL, and RAL for their maintenance and provision of the SOHO, STEREO, and SDO data sets. We acknowledge with thanks the online list published by Nitta et al. (2013) that is referenced throughout the paper and from which some of our figures were produced. This work is supported under the NASA H-GI program (Grant NNX13AE01G) and the NSF SHINE Competition (Grant AGS-1260321). Thanks also to N. Nitta, C. DeForest, and B. Thompson for helpful discussions. NR 133 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2016 VL 824 IS 2 AR 92 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/824/2/92 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU0RS UT WOS:000381912800028 ER PT J AU Loyd, ROP France, K Youngblood, A Schneider, C Brown, A Hu, RY Linsky, J Froning, CS Redfield, S Rugheimer, S Tian, F AF Loyd, R. O. P. France, Kevin Youngblood, Allison Schneider, Christian Brown, Alexander Hu, Renyu Linsky, Jeffrey Froning, Cynthia S. Redfield, Seth Rugheimer, Sarah Tian, Feng TI THE MUSCLES TREASURY SURVEY. III. X-RAY TO INFRARED SPECTRA OF 11 M AND K STARS HOSTING PLANETS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: low-mass; ultraviolet: stars; X-rays: stars ID EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; POTENTIALLY HABITABLE PLANETS; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET CONTINUUM; EXOPLANET GJ 436B; M-DWARF STARS; PROPER-MOTION; SUPER-EARTHS; STELLAR PARAMETERS; SPACE-TELESCOPE AB We present a catalog of panchromatic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for 7 M and 4 K dwarf stars that span X-ray to infrared wavelengths (5 angstrom -5.5 mu m). These SEDs are composites of Chandra or XMM-Newton data from 5-similar to 50 angstrom, a plasma emission model from similar to 50-100 angstrom, broadband empirical estimates from 100-1170 angstrom, Hubble Space Telescope data from 1170-5700 angstrom, including a reconstruction of stellar Ly alpha emission at 1215.67 angstrom, and a PHOENIX model spectrum from 5700-55000 angstrom. Using these SEDs, we computed the photodissociation rates of several molecules prevalent in planetary atmospheres when exposed to each star's unattenuated flux ("unshielded" photodissociation rates) and found that rates differ among stars by over an order of magnitude for most molecules. In general, the same spectral regions drive unshielded photodissociations both for the minimally and maximally FUV active stars. However, for O-3 visible flux drives dissociation for the M stars whereas near-UV flux drives dissociation for the K stars. We also searched for an far-UV continuum in the assembled SEDs and detected it in 5/11 stars, where it contributes around 10% of the flux in the range spanned by the continuum bands. An ultraviolet continuum shape is resolved for the star epsilon Eri that shows an edge likely attributable to Si II recombination. The 11 SEDs presented in this paper, available online through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes, will be valuable for vetting stellar upper-atmosphere emission models and simulating photochemistry in exoplanet atmospheres. C1 [Loyd, R. O. P.; France, Kevin; Youngblood, Allison] Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schneider, Christian] European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESA ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Brown, Alexander] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hu, Renyu] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hu, Renyu] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey] NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Froning, Cynthia S.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Redfield, Seth] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Redfield, Seth] Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Rugheimer, Sarah] Univ St Andrews, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Irvine Bldg,North St, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland. [Tian, Feng] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Minist Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Loyd, ROP (reprint author), Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM robert.loyd@colorado.edu RI Tian, Feng/C-1344-2015; OI Tian, Feng/0000-0002-9607-560X; Rugheimer, Sarah/0000-0003-1620-7658; Redfield, Seth/0000-0003-3786-3486; FRANCE, KEVIN/0000-0002-1002-3674 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; Simons Foundation [339489]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41175039]; Startup Fund of the Ministry of Education of China [20131029170]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory [GO4-15014X, GO5-16155X]; NASA XMM grant [NNX16AC09G]; HST Guest Observing programs [12464, 13650]; COS Science Team Guaranteed Time programs [12034, 12035]; NASA [HST-GO-12464.01, HST-GO-13650.01] FX The data presented here were obtained as part of the HST Guest Observing programs #12464 and #13650 as well as the COS Science Team Guaranteed Time programs #12034 and #12035. This work was supported by NASA grants HST-GO-12464.01 and HST-GO-13650.01 to the University of Colorado at Boulder. We thank Tom Woods and Chris Moore for useful discussions that provided a solar context to the work. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. S.R. would like to acknowledge support from the Simons Foundation (339489, Rugheimer). F.T. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41175039) and the Startup Fund of the Ministry of Education of China (20131029170). This work was partially supported by Chandra grants GO4-15014X and GO5-16155X from Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and NASA XMM grant NNX16AC09G. NR 141 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2016 VL 824 IS 2 AR 102 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/824/2/102 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU0RS UT WOS:000381912800038 ER PT J AU Youngblood, A France, K Loyd, ROP Linsky, JL Redfield, S Schneider, PC Wood, BE Brown, A Froning, C Miguel, Y Rugheimer, S Walkowicz, L AF Youngblood, Allison France, Kevin Loyd, R. O. Parke Linsky, Jeffrey L. Redfield, Seth Schneider, P. Christian Wood, Brian E. Brown, Alexander Froning, Cynthia Miguel, Yamila Rugheimer, Sarah Walkowicz, Lucianne TI THE MUSCLES TREASURY SURVEY. II. INTRINSIC LY alpha AND EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA OF K AND M DWARFS WITH EXOPLANETS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: clouds; stars: low-mass ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; POTENTIALLY HABITABLE PLANETS; LOW-MASS STARS; LYMAN-ALPHA; X-RAY; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; EMISSION-LINES; COOL STARS; ATOMIC DATABASE; UV-RADIATION AB The ultraviolet (UV) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of low-mass (K- and M-type) stars play a critical role in the heating and chemistry of exoplanet atmospheres, but are not observationally well-constrained. Direct observations of the intrinsic flux of the Ly alpha line (the dominant source of UV photons from low-mass stars) are challenging, as interstellar HI absorbs the entire line core for even the closest stars. To address the existing gap in empirical constraints on the UV flux of K and M dwarfs, the MUSCLES Hubble Space Telescope Treasury Survey has obtained UV observations of 11 nearby M and K dwarfs hosting exoplanets. This paper presents the Ly alpha and extreme-UV spectral reconstructions for the MUSCLES targets. Most targets are optically inactive, but all exhibit significant UV activity. We use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique to correct the observed Ly alpha profiles for interstellar absorption, and we employ empirical relations to compute the extreme-UV SED from the intrinsic Ly alpha flux in similar to 100 angstrom bins from 100-1170 angstrom. The reconstructed Ly alpha profiles have 300 km s(-1) broad cores, while >1% of the total intrinsic Ly alpha flux is measured in extended wings between 300 and 1200 km s(-1). The Ly alpha surface flux positively correlates with the Mg II surface flux and negatively correlates with the stellar rotation period. Stars with larger Ly alpha surface flux also tend to have larger surface flux in ions formed at higher temperatures, but these correlations remain statistically insignificant in our sample of 11 stars. We also present H I column density measurements for 10 new sightlines through the local interstellar medium. C1 [Youngblood, Allison; France, Kevin; Loyd, R. O. Parke] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, 600 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Redfield, Seth] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Redfield, Seth] Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Schneider, P. Christian] European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESA ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Wood, Brian E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brown, Alexander] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Froning, Cynthia] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Miguel, Yamila] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, Lab Lagrange, CNRS, Blvd Observ,CS 34229, F-06304 Nice 4, France. [Rugheimer, Sarah] Univ St Andrews, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Irvine Bldg, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland. [Walkowicz, Lucianne] Adler Planetarium, 1300 S Lakeshore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Youngblood, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, 600 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM allison.youngblood@colorado.edu FU HST Guest Observing programs [12464, 13650]; COS Science Team Guaranteed Time programs [12034, 12035]; NASA [HST-GO-12464.01, HST-GO-13650.01]; Simons Foundation [339489] FX The data presented here were obtained as part of the HST Guest Observing programs #12464 and #13650 as well as the COS Science Team Guaranteed Time programs #12034 and #12035. This work was supported by NASA grants HST-GO-12464.01 and HST-GO-13650.01 to the University of Colorado at Boulder. We thank Rebecca Nevin and Evan Tilton for helpful discussions that shaped our methodology, and we thank the anonymous referee for suggestions that improved the discussion of the emission line correlations. Sarah Rugheimer would like to acknowledge support from the Simons Foundation (339489, Rugheimer). NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2016 VL 824 IS 2 AR 101 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/824/2/101 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU0RS UT WOS:000381912800037 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Cai, T Richardson, CJK Leavitt, RP Waks, E AF Kim, Je-Hyung Cai, Tao Richardson, Christopher J. K. Leavitt, Richard P. Waks, Edo TI Two-photon interference from a bright single-photon source at telecom wavelengths SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; SOLID-STATE; CRYSTAL; TELEPORTATION; NANOCAVITIES; COMPUTATION; EFFICIENCY; EMISSION; GATE AB Long-distance quantum communication relies on the ability to efficiently generate and prepare single photons at telecom wavelengths. In many applications these photons must also be indistinguishable such that they exhibit interference on a beam splitter, which implements effective photon-photon interactions. However, deterministic generation of indistinguishable single photons with high brightness remains a challenging problem. We demonstrate two-photon interference at telecom wavelengths using an InAs/InP quantum dot in a nanophotonic cavity. The cavity enhances the quantum dot emission, resulting in a nearly Gaussian transverse mode profile with high outcoupling efficiency exceeding 36% after multiphoton correction. We also observe a Purcell enhanced spontaneous emission rate of up to 4. Using this source, we generate linearly polarized, high purity single photons at 1.3 mu m wavelength and demonstrate the indistinguishable nature of the emission using a two-photon interference measurement, which exhibits indistinguishable visibilities of 18% without postselection and 67% with postselection. Our results provide a promising approach to generate bright, deterministic single photons at telecom wavelength for applications in quantum networking and quantum communication. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Je-Hyung; Cai, Tao; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, Je-Hyung; Cai, Tao; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Richardson, Christopher J. K.; Leavitt, Richard P.] Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Waks, Edo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Waks, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM edowaks@umd.edu OI Kim, Je-Hyung/0000-0002-6894-9285 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [W31P4Q1410003]; Laboratory for Telecommunication Sciences; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (W31P4Q1410003); Laboratory for Telecommunication Sciences; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD JUN 20 PY 2016 VL 3 IS 6 BP 577 EP 584 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.3.000577 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA DP9WB UT WOS:000378847400004 ER PT J AU McClatchy, DM Rizzo, EJ Wells, WA Cheney, PP Hwang, JC Paulsen, KD Pogue, BW Kanick, SC AF McClatchy, David M., III Rizzo, Elizabeth J. Wells, Wendy A. Cheney, Philip P. Hwang, Jeeseong C. Paulsen, Keith D. Pogue, Brian W. Kanick, Stephen C. TI Wide-field quantitative imaging of tissue microstructure using sub-diffuse spatial frequency domain imaging SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID FIBER REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; LOW-COHERENCE INTERFEROMETRY; SOURCE-DETECTOR SEPARATIONS; CONTINUOUS RANDOM-MEDIA; LIGHT-SCATTERING; PHASE FUNCTION; TURBID MEDIA; BORN APPROXIMATION; BIOLOGICAL TISSUE; STRUCTURED LIGHT AB Localized measurements of scattering in biological tissue provide sensitivity to microstructural morphology but have limited utility to wide-field applications, such as surgical guidance. This study introduces sub-diffusive spatial frequency domain imaging (sd-SFDI), which uses high spatial frequency illumination to achieve wide-field sampling of localized reflectances. Model-based inversion recovers macroscopic variations in the reduced scattering coefficient (mu'(s)) and the phase function backscatter parameter (gamma). Measurements in optical phantoms show quantitative imaging of user-tuned phase-function-based contrast with accurate decoupling of parameters that define both the density and the size-scale distribution of scatterers. Measurements of fresh ex vivo breast tissue samples revealed, for the first time, unique clustering of sub-diffusive scattering properties for different tissue types. The results support that sd-SFDI provides maps of microscopic structural biomarkers that cannot be obtained with diffuse wide-field imaging and characterizes spatial variations not resolved by point-based optical sampling. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [McClatchy, David M., III; Paulsen, Keith D.; Pogue, Brian W.; Kanick, Stephen C.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, 14 Engn Dr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Rizzo, Elizabeth J.; Wells, Wendy A.] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 1 Med Ctr Dr, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. [Wells, Wendy A.; Paulsen, Keith D.; Pogue, Brian W.; Kanick, Stephen C.] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Norris Cotton Canc Ctr, 1 Med Ctr Dr, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. [Cheney, Philip P.; Hwang, Jeeseong C.] NIST, Quantum Elecromagnet Div, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kanick, SC (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, 14 Engn Dr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.; Kanick, SC (reprint author), Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Norris Cotton Canc Ctr, 1 Med Ctr Dr, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. EM stephen.c.kanick@dartmouth.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [60NANB13D210]; National Cancer Institute (NCI) [K25CA164248] FX National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (60NANB13D210); National Cancer Institute (NCI) (K25CA164248). NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD JUN 20 PY 2016 VL 3 IS 6 BP 613 EP 621 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.3.000613 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA DP9WB UT WOS:000378847400010 PM 27547790 ER PT J AU Cole, GD Zhang, W Bjork, BJ Follman, D Heu, P Deutsch, C Sonderhouse, L Robinson, J Franz, C Alexandrovski, A Notcutt, M Heckl, OH Ye, J Aspelmeyer, M AF Cole, Garrett D. Zhang, Wei Bjork, Bryce J. Follman, David Heu, Paula Deutsch, Christoph Sonderhouse, Lindsay Robinson, John Franz, Chris Alexandrovski, Alexei Notcutt, Mark Heckl, Oliver H. Ye, Jun Aspelmeyer, Markus TI High-performance near- and mid-infrared crystalline coatings SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY COMB SPECTROSCOPY; DISTRIBUTED BRAGG REFLECTORS; OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK; MU-M; CAVITY; REDUCTION; MIRRORS; NOISE; GAAS AB Substrate-transferred crystalline coatings have recently emerged as a groundbreaking new concept in optical interference coatings. Building upon our initial demonstration of this technology, we have now realized significant improvements in the limiting optical performance of these novel single-crystal GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs multilayers. In the near-infrared (NIR), for coating center wavelengths spanning 1064-1560 nm, we have reduced the excess optical losses (scatter + absorption) to levels as low as 3 parts per million (ppm), enabling the realization of a cavity finesse exceeding 3 x 10(5) at the telecom-relevant wavelength range near 1550 nm. Moreover, we demonstrate the direct measurement of sub-ppm optical absorption at 1064 nm. Concurrently, we investigate the mid-infrared (MIR) properties of these coatings and observe exceptional performance for first attempts in this important wavelength region. Specifically, we verify excess losses at the hundred ppm level for wavelengths of 3300 and 3700 nm. Taken together, our NIR optical losses are now fully competitive with ion-beam sputtered multilayer coatings, while our first prototype MIR optics have already reached state-of-the-art performance levels for reflectors covering this portion of the fingerprint region for optical gas sensing. Mirrors fabricated with our crystalline coating technique exhibit the lowest mechanical loss, and thus the lowest Brownian noise, the highest thermal conductivity, and, potentially, the widest spectral coverage of any "supermirror" technology in a single material platform. Looking ahead, we see a bright future for crystalline coatings in applications requiring the ultimate levels of optical, thermal, and optomechanical performance. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Cole, Garrett D.; Follman, David; Heu, Paula] Crystalline Mirror Solut LLC, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Cole, Garrett D.; Deutsch, Christoph] Crystalline Mirror Solut GmbH, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Zhang, Wei; Bjork, Bryce J.; Sonderhouse, Lindsay; Robinson, John; Heckl, Oliver H.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Wei; Bjork, Bryce J.; Sonderhouse, Lindsay; Robinson, John; Heckl, Oliver H.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Franz, Chris; Alexandrovski, Alexei] Stanford Photothermal Solut, Pahoa, HI 96778 USA. [Notcutt, Mark] Stable Laser Syst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Aspelmeyer, Markus] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol VCQ, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Cole, GD (reprint author), Crystalline Mirror Solut LLC, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA.; Cole, GD (reprint author), Crystalline Mirror Solut GmbH, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. EM g.cole@crystallinemirrors.com RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; wei, zhang/G-4708-2012; Aspelmeyer, Markus/C-4098-2017 OI wei, zhang/0000-0003-2065-2535; Aspelmeyer, Markus/0000-0003-4499-7335 FU Austria Wirtschaftsservice Gesellschaft (aws) [P130811 7-SZIO1]; European Research Council (ERC) [310736]; European Association of National Metrology Institutes and European Metrology Research Program (EURAMET/EMRP) (QESOCAS) [EXL01-REG4]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [FAA-9550-14-C-0030]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-15-1-0111]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontier Center at JILA; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I909] FX Austria Wirtschaftsservice Gesellschaft (aws) (P130811 7-SZIO1); European Research Council (ERC) (310736); European Association of National Metrology Institutes and European Metrology Research Program (EURAMET/EMRP) (QESOCAS, EXL01-REG4); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (FAA-9550-14-C-0030); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (FA9550-15-1-0111); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontier Center at JILA; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (I909). NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 10 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD JUN 20 PY 2016 VL 3 IS 6 BP 647 EP 656 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.3.000647 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA DP9WB UT WOS:000378847400015 ER PT J AU Wilcox, BR Zwickl, BM Hobbs, RD Aiken, JM Welch, NM Lewandowski, HJ AF Wilcox, Bethany R. Zwickl, Benjamin M. Hobbs, Robert D. Aiken, John M. Welch, Nathan M. Lewandowski, H. J. TI Alternative model for administration and analysis of research-based assessments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS; VALIDATION; SCIENCE AB Research-based assessments represent a valuable tool for both instructors and researchers interested in improving undergraduate physics education. However, the historical model for disseminating and propagating conceptual and attitudinal assessments developed by the physics education research (PER) community has not resulted in widespread adoption of these assessments within the broader community of physics instructors. Within this historical model, assessment developers create high quality, validated assessments, make them available for a wide range of instructors to use, and provide minimal (if any) support to assist with administration or analysis of the results. Here, we present and discuss an alternative model for assessment dissemination, which is characterized by centralized data collection and analysis. This model provides a greater degree of support for both researchers and instructors in order to more explicitly support adoption of research-based assessments. Specifically, we describe our experiences developing a centralized, automated system for an attitudinal assessment we previously created to examine students' epistemologies and expectations about experimental physics. This system provides a proof of concept that we use to discuss the advantages associated with centralized administration and data collection for research-based assessments in PER. We also discuss the challenges that we encountered while developing, maintaining, and automating this system. Ultimately, we argue that centralized administration and data collection for standardized assessments is a viable and potentially advantageous alternative to the default model characterized by decentralized administration and analysis. Moreover, with the help of online administration and automation, this model can support the long-term sustainability of centralized assessment systems. C1 [Wilcox, Bethany R.; Welch, Nathan M.; Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zwickl, Benjamin M.] Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Hobbs, Robert D.] Bellevue Coll, Dept Phys, 3000 Landerholm Cr SE, Bellevue, WA 98007 USA. [Aiken, John M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 830 State St, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Lewandowski, H. J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wilcox, BR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NSF-IUSE Grant [DUE-1432204]; NSF [PHY-1125844] FX This work was funded by the NSF-IUSE Grant No. DUE-1432204 and NSF Grant No. PHY-1125844. The statements made in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the NSF. Particular thanks to Takako Hirokawa and to the members of PER@C for all their help and feedback. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9896 J9 PHYS REV PHYS EDUC R JI Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. PD JUN 17 PY 2016 VL 12 IS 1 AR UNSP 010139 DI 10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.12.010139 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA EJ7HJ UT WOS:000393392100001 ER PT J AU Zheng, C Shull, RD Chen, PJ Pong, PWT AF Zheng, Chao Shull, Robert D. Chen, P. J. Pong, Philip W. T. TI Kondo effect in magnetic tunnel junctions with an AlOx tunnel barrier SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Kondo effect; Magnetic tunnel junction; Magnetization configuration; Spin-flip scattering AB The influence of the magnetization configuration on the Kondo effect in a magnetic tunnel junction is investigated. In the parallel configuration, an additional resistance contribution (R*) below 40 K exhibits a logarithmic temperature dependence, indicating the presence of the Kondo effect. However, in the anti parallel configuration, the Kondo-effect-associated spin-flip scattering has a nontrivial contribution to the tunneling current, which compensates the reduction of the current directly caused by Kondo scattering, making R* disappear. These results indicate that suppression and restoration of the Kondo effect can be experimentally achieved by altering the magnetization configuration, enhancing our understanding of the role of the Kondo effect in spin-dependent transport. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zheng, Chao; Pong, Philip W. T.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Shull, Robert D.; Chen, P. J.] NIST, Funct Nanostruct Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ppong@eee.hku.hk FU University of Hong Kong, ITF Tier 3 funding [ITS/104/13, ITS/214/14]; RGC-GRF grant [HKU 704911P]; University Grants Committee of Hong Kong [AoE/P-04/08] FX This work was supported in part by the Seed Funding Program for Basic Research and Small Project Funding Program from the University of Hong Kong, ITF Tier 3 funding (ITS/104/13, ITS/214/14), RGC-GRF grant (HKU 704911P), and University Grants Committee of Hong Kong (Contract No. AoE/P-04/08). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 EI 1873-2429 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUN 17 PY 2016 VL 380 IS 27-28 BP 2237 EP 2241 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2016.05.001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DP4EO UT WOS:000378449200008 ER PT J AU Huntrieser, H Lichtenstern, M Scheibe, M Aufmhoff, H Schlager, H Pucik, T Minikin, A Weinzierl, B Heimerl, K Pollack, IB Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Weinheimer, AJ Honomichl, S Ridley, BA Biggerstaff, MI Betten, DP Hair, JW Butler, CF Schwartz, MJ Barth, MC AF Huntrieser, H. Lichtenstern, M. Scheibe, M. Aufmhoff, H. Schlager, H. Pucik, T. Minikin, A. Weinzierl, B. Heimerl, K. Pollack, I. B. Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. B. Weinheimer, A. J. Honomichl, S. Ridley, B. A. Biggerstaff, M. I. Betten, D. P. Hair, J. W. Butler, C. F. Schwartz, M. J. Barth, M. C. TI Injection of lightning-produced NOx, water vapor, wildfire emissions, and stratospheric air to the UT/LS as observed from DC3 measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE COMPLEX; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; CLOUD-SCALE MODEL; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; NITROGEN-OXIDES; UNITED-STATES; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; DEEP CONVECTION; GENERATED NOX AB During the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment in summer 2012, airborne measurements were performed in the anvil inflow/outflow of thunderstorms over the Central U.S. by three research aircraft. A general overview of Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt (DLR)-Falcon in situ measurements (CO, O-3, SO2, CH4, NO, NOx, and black carbon) is presented. In addition, a joint flight on 29 May 2012 in a convective line of isolated supercell storms over Oklahoma is described based on Falcon, National Science Foundation/National Center for Atmospheric Research Gulfstream-V (NSF/NCAR-GV), and NASA-DC8 trace species in situ and lidar measurements. During DC3 some of the largest and most destructive wildfires in New Mexico and Colorado state's history were burning, which strongly influenced air quality in the DC3 thunderstorm inflow and outflow region. Lofted biomass burning (BB) plumes were frequently observed in the mid-and upper troposphere (UT) in the vicinity of deep convection. The impact of lightning-produced NOx (LNOx) and BB emissions was analyzed on the basis of mean vertical profiles and tracer-tracer correlations (CO-NOx and O-3-NO). On a regular basis DC3 thunderstorms penetrated the tropopause and injected large amounts of LNOx into the lower stratosphere (LS). Inside convection, low O-3 air (similar to 80 nmol mol(-1)) from the lower troposphere was rapidly transported to the UT/LS region. Simultaneously, O-3-rich stratospheric air masses (similar to 100-200 nmol mol(-1)) were present around and below the thunderstorm outflow and enhanced UT-O-3 mixing ratios significantly. A 10 year global climatology of H2O data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder confirmed that the Central U.S. is a preferred region for convective injection into the LS. C1 [Huntrieser, H.; Lichtenstern, M.; Scheibe, M.; Aufmhoff, H.; Schlager, H.; Pucik, T.; Minikin, A.; Weinzierl, B.; Heimerl, K.] Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Pucik, T.] Masaryk Univ, Brno, Czech Republic. [Weinzierl, B.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna, Austria. [Pollack, I. B.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Pollack, I. B.; Peischl, J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pollack, I. B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Weinheimer, A. J.; Honomichl, S.; Ridley, B. A.; Barth, M. C.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Biggerstaff, M. I.; Betten, D. P.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hair, J. W.; Butler, C. F.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Schwartz, M. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Huntrieser, H (reprint author), Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. EM Heidi.Huntrieser@dlr.de RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; FU National Science Foundation (NSF); NASA; NOAA; DLR; NSF; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [MI 583/4-1]; National Science Foundation FX The DC3 field campaign was established by a collaborative effort of NCAR, NASA, the U.S. university community, NOAA, and DLR. The National Science Foundation (NSF), NASA, NOAA, and DLR were the primary funders for DC3. NCAR is supported by the NSF. Detailed information on the scientific goals and a link to the field data is available from the DC3 website, https://www.eol.ucar.edu/field_projects/dc3. We greatly acknowledge the excellent collaboration with the DC3 principal investigators and all the support the DLR team received during the field phase from M.C. Barth (NCAR), C.A. Cantrell (University of Colorado), W.H. Brune (Pennsylvania State University), S.A. Rutledge (Colorado State University), and J.H. Crawford (NASA/LaRC). Furthermore, the logistical support from NCAR-EOL by V. Salazar, J. Moore, G. Stossmeister, and B. Baeuerle is greatly appreciated. We thank the Falcon pilots (R. Welser and P. Weber), A. Hausold for the logistics, the engineers and scientists of the DLR flight department for the excellent support during the field phase, and the DC8 pilots for their great collaboration during the intercomparison flight. We are grateful to G. Diskin (NASA Langley Research Center) for providing CO data from the intercomparison flight. We express our gratitude to the DLR and NCAR colleagues who supported the airborne measurements, U. Schumann, D. Futterer, J. Kim, A. Reiter, A. Roiger, H. Ziereis, T.L. Campos, F.M. Flocke, D.J. Knapp, D.D. Montzka, and A. Schanot, and the financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, project MI 583/4-1). The ETH Zurich (T. Peters) is greatly acknowledged for providing the NO instrument. The GOES data were provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation (http://data.eol.ucar.edu/). We thank L.L. Pan and C.R. Homeyer (NCAR Boulder) for their fruitful discussions and for providing tropopause heights from NCEP GFS-FNL model analyses. Finally, we are grateful to A. Roiger (DLR), K.A. Cummings (University of Maryland College Park), K.E. Pickering (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt), and to the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions, which greatly helped to improve the manuscript. NR 101 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 11 BP 6638 EP 6668 DI 10.1002/2015JD024273 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT6YT UT WOS:000381631700029 ER PT J AU Kim, JE Alexander, MJ Bui, TP Dean-Day, JM Lawson, RP Woods, S Hlavka, D Pfister, L Jensen, EJ AF Kim, Ji-Eun Alexander, M. Joan Bui, T. Paul Dean-Day, Jonathan M. Lawson, R. Paul Woods, Sarah Hlavka, Dennis Pfister, Leonhard Jensen, Eric J. TI Ubiquitous influence of waves on tropical high cirrus clouds SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cirrus clouds; tropical tropopause; tropical waves; cold point; stratospheric water vapor; airborne measurements ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; TROPOPAUSE LAYER; CIRCULATION RESPONSE; DEHYDRATION; CLIMATE; AIRCRAFT AB Cirrus clouds in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and water vapor transported into the stratosphere have significant impacts on the global radiation budget and circulation patterns. Climate models, however, have large uncertainties in representing dehydration and cloud processes in the TTL, and thus their feedback on surface climate, prohibiting an accurate projection of future global and regional climate changes. Here we use unprecedented airborne measurements over the Pacific to reveal atmospheric waves as a strong modulator of ice clouds in the TTL. Wave-induced cold and/or cooling conditions are shown to exert a nearly ubiquitous influence on cirrus cloud occurrence at altitudes of 14-18km, except when air was very recently influenced by convective hydration. We further observe that various vertical scales of cloud layers are associated with various vertical scales of waves, suggesting the importance of representing TTL waves in models. C1 [Kim, Ji-Eun] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kim, Ji-Eun] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Alexander, M. Joan] NorthWest Res Associates, CoRA Off, Boulder, CO USA. [Bui, T. Paul; Pfister, Leonhard; Jensen, Eric J.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Dean-Day, Jonathan M.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA USA. [Lawson, R. Paul; Woods, Sarah] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Hlavka, Dennis] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Kim, JE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jieunk@colorado.edu FU NASA Ames Research Center as part of the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX) under the NASA Science Mission Directorate Earth Venture Program [NNA10DF70C] FX Data are available at https://espoarchive.nasa.gov/archive/browse/attrex (ATTREX) and http://cdaac-www.cosmic.ucar.edu/cdaac/products.html (COSMIC GPS). We thank two reviewers for their helpful comments that improved the manuscript. This work was supported by NASA Ames Research Center contract NNA10DF70C as part of the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX) under the NASA Science Mission Directorate Earth Venture Program. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 11 BP 5895 EP 5901 DI 10.1002/2016GL069293 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DR4DN UT WOS:000379851800042 ER PT J AU Sherlock, ME Rumble, CA Kwok, CK Breffke, J Maroncelli, M Bevilacqua, PC AF Sherlock, Madeline E. Rumble, Christopher A. Kwok, Chun Kit Breffke, Jens Maroncelli, Mark Bevilacqua, Philip C. TI Steady-State and Time-Resolved Studies into the Origin of the Intrinsic Fluorescence of G-Quadruplexes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RNA G-QUADRUPLEXES; DNA G-QUADRUPLEX; HUMAN TELOMERIC SEQUENCE; EXCITED-STATES; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; BASE STACKING; GUANINE NANOSTRUCTURES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; HUMAN GENOME AB Stretches of guanines in DNA and RNA can fold into guanine quadruplex structures (GQSs). These structures protect telomeres in DNA and regulate gene expression in RNA. GQSs have an intrinsic fluorescence that is sensitive to different parameters, including loop sequence and length. However, the dependence. of GQS fluorescence on solution and sequence parameters and the origin of this fluorescence are poorly understood. Herein we examine effects of dangling nucleotides and cosolute conditions on GQS fluorescence using both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The quantum yield of dGGGTGGGTGGGTGGG, termed "dG(3)T", is found to be modest at similar to 2 x 10(-3). Nevertheless, dG(3)T and its variants are significantly brighter than the common nucleic acid fluorophore 2-aminopurine (2AP) largely due to their sizable extinction coefficients. Dangling 5'-end nucleotides generally reduce emission and blue-shift the resultant spectrum, whereas dangling 3'-end nucleotides slightly enhance fluorescence, particularly on the red side of the emission band. Time-resolved fluorescence decays are broadly distributed in time and require three exponential components for accurate fits. Time-resolved emission spectra suggest the presence of two emitting populations centered at similar to 330 and similar to 390 nm, with the redder component being a well-defined long-lived (similar to 1 ns) entity. Insights into GQS fluorescence obtained here should be useful in designing brighter intrinsic RNA and DNA quadruplexes for use in label-free biotechnological applications. C1 [Sherlock, Madeline E.; Rumble, Christopher A.; Kwok, Chun Kit; Breffke, Jens; Maroncelli, Mark; Bevilacqua, Philip C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sherlock, Madeline E.; Kwok, Chun Kit; Bevilacqua, Philip C.] Penn State Univ, Ctr RNA Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bevilacqua, Philip C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sherlock, Madeline E.] Yale Univ, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, POB 6666, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Kwok, Chun Kit] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Breffke, Jens] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8372, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maroncelli, M; Bevilacqua, PC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Bevilacqua, PC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr RNA Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Bevilacqua, PC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM maroncelli@psu.edu; pcb5@psu.edu OI KWOK, Chun Kit/0000-0001-9175-8543; Sherlock, Madeline/0000-0002-6471-4243 FU Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) [RGP0002/2009-C]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0008640] FX We thank Dr. Dan Sykes for assistance with SEC studies. This study was supported by Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) [grant RGP0002/2009-C] to P.C.B. C.R. and J.B. were supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy through Grant DE-SC0008640. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 16 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 23 BP 5146 EP 5158 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03790 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DP0QS UT WOS:000378194900005 PM 27267433 ER PT J AU Shafique, N Kennedy, KE Douglas, JF Starr, FW AF Shafique, Neha Kennedy, Kiley E. Douglas, Jack F. Starr, Francis W. TI Quantifying the Heterogeneous Dynamics of a Simulated Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) Membrane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID COARSE-GRAINED MODEL; GLASS-LIKE DYNAMICS; LATERAL DIFFUSION; LIPID-BILAYERS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PHOSPHOLIPID-MEMBRANES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LUNG SURFACTANT; CELL-MEMBRANES AB Heterogeneity of dynamics plays a vital role in membrane function, but the methods for quantifying this heterogeneity are still being developed. Here we examine membrane dynamical heterogeneity via molecular simulations of a single-component dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer using the MARTINI force field. We draw upon well established analysis methods developed in the study of glass-forming fluids and find significant changes in lipid dynamics between the fluid (L-alpha), and gel (L-beta) phases. In particular, we distinguish two mobility groups in the more ordered L-beta phase: (i) lipids that are transiently trapped by their neighbors and (ii) lipids with displacements on the scale of the intermolecular spacing. These distinct mobility groups spatially segregate, forming dynamic clusters that have characteristic time (1-2 mu s) and length (1-10 nm) scales comparable to those of proteins and other biomolecules. We suggest that these dynamic clusters could couple to biomolecules within the membrane and thus may play a role in many membrane functions. In the equilibrium membrane, lipid molecules dynamically exchange between the mobility groups, and the resulting clusters are not associated with a thermodynamic phase separation. Dynamical clusters having similar characteristics arise in many other condensed phase materials, placing membranes in a broad class of materials with strong intermolecular interactions. C1 [Shafique, Neha; Kennedy, Kiley E.; Starr, Francis W.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Shafique, Neha; Kennedy, Kiley E.; Starr, Francis W.] Wesleyan Univ, Mol Biophys Program, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Starr, Francis W.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Starr, FW (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA.; Starr, FW (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Mol Biophys Program, Middletown, CT 06459 USA.; Starr, FW (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM fstarr@wesleyan.edu FU NIST Award [70NANB13H202]; ACS-PRF Grant [51983-ND7] FX We thank C. Othon, R Nossal, and D. Simmons for discussions. Computer time was provided by Wesleyan University. This work was supported in part by NIST Award 70NANB13H202 and ACS-PRF Grant 51983-ND7. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 16 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 23 BP 5172 EP 5182 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02982 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DP0QS UT WOS:000378194900007 PM 27223339 ER PT J AU Yoon, E Konold, PE Lee, J Joo, T Jimenez, R AF Yoon, Eunjin Konold, Patrick E. Lee, Junghwa Joo, Taiha Jimenez, Ralph TI Far-Red Emission of mPlum Fluorescent Protein Results from Excited-State Interconversion between Chromophore Hydrogen-Bonding States SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LARGE STOKES SHIFT; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISM; EVOLUTION; VARIANTS; DYNAMICS; DESIGN AB Fluorescent proteins with large Stokes shifted emission beyond 600 nm are actively sought for live-cell imaging applications. The mechanism of excited-state relaxation leading to the Stokes shift in the mPlum fluorescent protein, which emits at a peak wavelength of 650 nm, has been previously investigated by both ultrafast spectroscopy and theoretical methods. Here, we report that femtosecond time-resolved area-normalized emission spectra of mPlum show a clear isoemissive point. This feature can only result from a system with two emitting states, rather than a system that undergoes a continuous spectral red shift, for example, as expected from typical solvation. Global analysis of the femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectra reveals time constants associated with chromophore relaxation, excited-state population transfer, and an excited-state lifetime of the final state. The observations confirm the findings of recent quantum chemical calculations on mPlum. C1 [Yoon, Eunjin; Lee, Junghwa; Joo, Taiha] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Konold, Patrick E.; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Konold, Patrick E.; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Joo, T (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Pohang 790784, South Korea.; Jimenez, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Jimenez, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Jimenez, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM thjoo@postech.ac.kr; rjimenez@jila.colorado.edu FU NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA; Global Research Laboratory Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea [2009-00439] FX This work was supported by the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA. T.J. acknowledges financial support by the Global Research Laboratory Program (2009-00439) through the National Research Foundation of Korea. We thank Anna Krylov for helpful discussions. RJ. is a staff member in the Quantum Physics Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 12 BP 2170 EP 2174 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00823 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DP0RD UT WOS:000378196000003 PM 27214167 ER PT J AU Dounas-Frazer, DR Van De Bogart, KL Stetzer, MR Lewandowski, HJ AF Dounas-Frazer, Dimitri R. Van De Bogart, Kevin L. Stetzer, MacKenzie R. Lewandowski, H. J. TI Investigating the role of model-based reasoning while troubleshooting an electric circuit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS; ORIENTED WORKED EXAMPLES; INTRODUCTORY ELECTRICITY; INFORMATION PRESENTATION; CURRICULUM-DEVELOPMENT; LEARNING-GOALS; ELECTRONICS; CONCURRENT; DESIGN; PERFORMANCE AB We explore the overlap of two nationally recognized learning outcomes for physics lab courses, namely, the ability to model experimental systems and the ability to troubleshoot a malfunctioning apparatus. Modeling and troubleshooting are both nonlinear, recursive processes that involve using models to inform revisions to an apparatus. To probe the overlap of modeling and troubleshooting, we collected audiovisual data from think-aloud activities in which eight pairs of students from two institutions attempted to diagnose and repair a malfunctioning electrical circuit. We characterize the cognitive tasks and model-based reasoning that students employed during this activity. In doing so, we demonstrate that troubleshooting engages students in the core scientific practice of modeling. C1 [Dounas-Frazer, Dimitri R.; Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Van De Bogart, Kevin L.; Stetzer, MacKenzie R.] Univ Maine, Dept Phys & Astron, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Stetzer, MacKenzie R.] Univ Maine, Maine Ctr Res STEM Educ, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Lewandowski, H. J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dounas-Frazer, DR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dimitri.dounasfrazer@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [DUE-1323101, DUE-1323426, DUE-1245313, DUE-0962805] FX The authors acknowledge the PER group at CU Boulder for useful input on study design and interpretation of results. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. DUE-1323101, No. DUE-1323426, No. DUE-1245313, and No. DUE-0962805. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9896 J9 PHYS REV PHYS EDUC R JI Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 12 IS 1 AR UNSP 010137 DI 10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.12.010137 PG 20 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA EJ7GS UT WOS:000393390400002 ER PT J AU Ettedgui, J Kasianowicz, JJ Balijepalli, A AF Ettedgui, Jessica Kasianowicz, John J. Balijepalli, Arvind TI Single Molecule Discrimination of Heteropolytungstates and Their Isomers in Solution with a Nanometer-Scale Pore SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN NANOPORE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION-CHANNEL; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; W-183 NMR; P-31 NMR; DERIVATIVES; CATALYSIS; BLOCKADE; DYNAMICS AB We report a new method to identify metallic nanoclusters (polyoxometalate structures) in solution at the single molecule limit using a nanometerscale pore. The technique allows the measurement of polyoxometalates with over 2 orders of magnitude lower analyte concentration than conventional analytical chemistry tools. Furthermore, pH-dependent structural changes in phosphotungstic acid are measured with protein nanpp or es and validated with NMR. We further demonstrate that the method can also discriminate [PW9O34](9-) structural isomers. The results suggest this technique can serve as a complementary approach to traditional methods. C1 [Ettedgui, Jessica; Kasianowicz, John J.; Balijepalli, Arvind] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ettedgui, Jessica] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Ettedgui, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn Phys, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Ettedgui, J (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jessica.benjamini@nist.gov FU European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO); NIH NHGRI FX We are grateful for financial support from the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) for a postdoctoral fellowship (to J.E.) and a grant from the NIH NHGRI (to J.J.K.). We appreciate the help of Aaron Urbas (NIST) and of Dr. Daoning Zhang (University of Maryland) for performing the NMR measurements, Professors Jingyue Ju and Sergey Kalachikov (Columbia University) for providing the WT alpha HL, Drs. Jacob Forstater (Columbia University, NIST) for inspiring discussions, and Prof. Joseph Reiner (VCU) for providing the stimulus for this project. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 22 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 138 IS 23 BP 7228 EP 7231 DI 10.1021/jacs.6b02917 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DP0QC UT WOS:000378193300006 PM 27203713 ER PT J AU Petrie, JR Jeen, H Barron, SC Meyer, TL Lee, HN AF Petrie, Jonathan R. Jeen, Hyoungjeen Barron, Sara C. Meyer, Tricia L. Lee, Ho Nyung TI Enhancing Perovskite Electrocatalysis through Strain Tuning of the Oxygen Deficiency SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REDOX REACTIONS; EVOLUTION; SURFACE; OXIDES; STABILITY; CATALYSTS; DEFECTS; REACTIVITY; TIO2(110); DIFFUSION AB Oxygen vacancies in transition-metal oxides facilitate catalysis critical for energy storage and generation. However, promoting vacancies at the lower temperatures required for operation in devices such as metal air batteries and portable fuel cells has proven elusive. Here we used thin films of perovskite-based strontium cobaltite (SrCoOx) to show that epitaxial strain is a powerful tool for manipulating the Oxygen content under condition consistent with the oxygen evolution reaction, yielding increasingly oxygen-deficient states in an environment where the cobaltite would normally be fully oxidized: The additional oxygen vacancies created through tensile strain enhance the cobaltite's catalytic activity toward this important reaction by over an order of magnitude, equaling that of precious-metal catalysts, including IrO2. Our findings demonstrate that strain in. these oxides can dictate the oxygen stoichiometry independent of ambient conditions, allowing unprecedented control over oxygen vacancies essential in catalysis near room temperature. C1 [Petrie, Jonathan R.; Jeen, Hyoungjeen; Meyer, Tricia L.; Lee, Ho Nyung] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Barron, Sara C.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, HN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hnlee@ornl.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division (synthesis and physical property characterization) FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) (electrochemical characterization) and by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division (synthesis and physical property characterization). Reference electrode depositions were performed as a user project at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, a DOE Office of Science User Facility. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 42 U2 105 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 138 IS 23 BP 7252 EP 7255 DI 10.1021/jacs.6b03520 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DP0QC UT WOS:000378193300012 PM 27232374 ER PT J AU Jayachandrababu, KC Verploegh, RJ Leisen, J Nieuwendaal, RC Sholl, DS Nair, S AF Jayachandrababu, Krishna C. Verploegh, Ross J. Leisen, Johannes Nieuwendaal, Ryan C. Sholl, David S. Nair, Sankar TI Structure Elucidation of Mixed-Linker Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks by Solid-State H-1 CRAMPS NMR Spectroscopy and Computational Modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SPIN-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; MOBILE POLYMERS; ADSORPTION; SEPARATION; ZIF-8; CO2; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AB Mixed-linker zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are nanoporous materials that exhibit continuous and controllable tunability of properties like effective pore size, hydrophobicity, and organophilicity. The structure of mixed linker ZIFs has been studied on macroscopic scales using gravimetric and spectroscopic techniques. However, it has so far not been possible to obtain information on unit-cell-level linker distribution, an understanding of which is key to predicting and controlling their adsorption and diffusion properties. We demonstrate the use of H-1 combined rotation and multiple pulse spectroscopy (CRAMPS) NMR spin exchange measurements in combination with computational modeling to elucidate potential structures of mixed-linker ZIFs, particularly the ZIF 8-90 series. All of the compositions studied have structures that have linkers mixed at a unit-cell-level as opposed to separated or highly clustered phases within the same crystal. Direct experimental observations of linker mixing were accomplished by measuring the proton spin exchange behavior between functional groups on the linkers. The data were then fitted to a kinetic spin exchange model using proton positions from candidate mixed-linker ZIF structures that were generated computationally using the short-range order (SRO) parameter as a measure of the ordering, clustering, or randomization of the linkers. The present method offers the advantages of sensitivity without requiring isotope enrichment, a straightforward NMR pulse sequence, and an analysis framework that allows one to relate spin diffusion behavior to proposed atomic positions. We find that structures close to equimolar composition of the two linkers show a greater tendency for linker clustering than what would be predicted based on random models. Using computational modeling we have also shown how the window-type distribution in experimentally synthesized mixed-linker ZIF-8-90 materials varies as a function of their composition. The structural information thus obtained can be further used for predicting, screening, or understanding the tunable adsorption and diffusion behavior of mixed-linker ZIFs, for which the knowledge of linker distributions in the framework is expected to be important. C1 [Jayachandrababu, Krishna C.; Verploegh, Ross J.; Sholl, David S.; Nair, Sankar] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Leisen, Johannes] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nieuwendaal, Ryan C.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nair, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sankar.nair@chbe.gatech.edu FU NSF-CBET [1264874] FX This work was supported by NSF-CBET #1264874. We are grateful to Prof. Sophia Hayes (Washington University in St. Louis) for detailed discussions on this work. Certain commercial equipment and materials are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendations by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the material or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for this purpose. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 23 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 138 IS 23 BP 7325 EP 7336 DI 10.1021/jacs.6b02754 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DP0QC UT WOS:000378193300024 PM 27213216 ER PT J AU Briscoe, DK Parker, DM Balazs, GH Kurita, M Saito, T Okamoto, H Rice, M Polovina, JJ Crowder, LB AF Briscoe, D. K. Parker, D. M. Balazs, G. H. Kurita, M. Saito, T. Okamoto, H. Rice, M. Polovina, J. J. Crowder, L. B. TI Active dispersal in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) during the 'lost years' SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE loggerhead sea turtle; ocean circulation model; migration; foraging; distribution ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; LIFE-HISTORY; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; MARINE TURTLES; OCEAN CURRENTS; MODEL; CONSERVATION; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR AB Highly migratory marine species can travel long distances and across entire ocean basins to reach foraging and breeding grounds, yet gaps persist in our knowledge of oceanic dispersal and habitat use. This is especially true for sea turtles, whose complex life history and lengthy pelagic stage present unique conservation challenges. Few studies have explored how these young at-sea turtles navigate their environment, but advancements in satellite technology and numerical models have shown that active and passive movements are used in relation to open ocean features. Here, we provide the first study, to the best of our knowledge, to simultaneously combine a high-resolution physical forcing ocean circulation model with long-term multi-year tracking data of young, trans-oceanic North Pacific loggerhead sea turtles during their 'lost years' at sea. From 2010 to 2014, we compare simulated trajectories of passive transport with empirical data of 1-3 year old turtles released off Japan (29.7-37.5 straight carapace length cm). After several years, the at-sea distribution of simulated current-driven trajectories significantly differed from that of the observed turtle tracks. These results underscore current theories on active dispersal by young oceanic-stage sea turtles and give further weight to hypotheses of juvenile foraging strategies for this species. Such information can also provide critical geographical information for spatially explicit conservation approaches to this endangered population. C1 [Briscoe, D. K.; Crowder, L. B.] Stanford Univ, Biol, Hopkins Marine Stn, 120 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Parker, D. M.] NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 2032 Southeast Oregon State Univ Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Balazs, G. H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Inouye Reg Ctr, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1845 WASP Blvd Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Kurita, M.; Okamoto, H.; Polovina, J. J.] Port Nagoya Publ Aquarium, Minato Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4550033, Japan. [Saito, T.] Kochi Univ, Usa Marine Biol Inst, Kochi 7811164, Japan. [Rice, M.] Hawaii Preparatory Acad, 65-1692 Kohala Mt Rd, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Crowder, L. B.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, 99 Pacific St,Suite 555E, Monterey, CA 93949 USA. RP Briscoe, DK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Biol, Hopkins Marine Stn, 120 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM dbriscoe@stanford.edu FU Crowder Laboratory at Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University FX Funding for D.K.B. was provided by the Crowder Laboratory at Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 19 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1832 AR 20160690 DI 10.1098/rspb.2016.0690 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DP2KZ UT WOS:000378318700019 ER PT J AU Hu, CM Hardy, R Ruder, E Geggel, A Feng, L Powers, S Hernandez, F Graettinger, G Bodnar, J McDonald, T AF Hu, Chuanmin Hardy, Robert Ruder, Eric Geggel, Amelia Feng, Lian Powers, Sean Hernandez, Frank Graettinger, George Bodnar, Jill McDonald, Trent TI Sargassum coverage in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico during 2010 from Landsat and airborne observations: Implications for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impact assessment SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Sargassum; Landsat; AVIRIS; Gulf of Mexico; Deepwater Horizon; Remote sensing ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; PELAGIC SARGASSUM; FLOATING SARGASSUM; PRODUCTIVITY; FISHES AB Using high-resolution airborne measurements and more synoptic coverage of Landsat measurements, we estimated the total Sargassum coverage in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (NE GOM) during 2010, with the ultimate purpose to infer how much Sargassum might have been in contact with oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Mean Sargassum coverage during the four quarters of 2010 for the study region was estimated to range from similar to 3148 +/- 2355 km(2) during January-March to -7584 +/- 2532 km(2) during July-September (95% confidence intervals) while estimated Sargassum coverage within the integrated oil footprint ranged from 1296 +/- 453 km(2) (for areas with >5% thick oil) to 736 +/- 257 km(2) (for areas with >10% thick oil). Similar to previous studies on estimating Sargassum coverage, a direct validation of such estimates is impossible given the heterogeneity and scarcity of Sargassum occurrence. Nonetheless, these estimates provide preliminary information to understand relative Sargassum abundance in the NE GOM. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Chuanmin; Feng, Lian] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 Seventh Ave,South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Hardy, Robert] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 Eighth Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Ruder, Eric; Geggel, Amelia] Ind Econ Inc, 2067 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Powers, Sean] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, 5871 USA Dr North Mobile, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Hernandez, Frank] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, 703 East Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Graettinger, George; Bodnar, Jill] NOAA Off Response & Restorat, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [McDonald, Trent] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, 200 S Second St, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 Seventh Ave,South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM huc@usf.edu OI Hardy, Robert/0000-0002-3178-2397 FU U.S. NASA; NOAA as part of the Deepwater Horizon' oil spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through C-IMAGE; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through GoMRI Information & Data Cooperative (GRIIDC) FX This work was supported by the U.S. NASA through its Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program, Gulf of Mexico program, Water Quality program. The analyses were also funded in part by NOAA as part of the Deepwater Horizon' oil spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment, and by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through C-IMAGE and through GoMRI Information & Data Cooperative (GRIIDC) at https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org (DOI: 10.7266/N7348H8J). We thank the USGS, NASA JPL, and NOAA for providing Landsat, AVIRIS, and digital photos, respectively. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of NOAA or of any other natural resource Trustee for the BP/Deepwater Horizon NRDA. Finally, we would like to dedicate this article in memory of our dear colleague and friend Amelia Geggel. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 107 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.045 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DO4BL UT WOS:000377726700015 PM 27170625 ER PT J AU Nixon, Z Zengel, S Baker, M Steinhoff, M Fricano, G Rouhani, S Michel, J AF Nixon, Zachary Zengel, Scott Baker, Mary Steinhoff, Marla Fricano, Gail Rouhani, Shahrokh Michel, Jacqueline TI Shoreline oiling from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Oil spill; Shoreline; Oiling; Gulf of Mexico; Deepwater Horizon; MC-252 ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SALT MARSHES; RECOVERY; IMPACTS; RATES AB We build on previous work to construct a comprehensive database of shoreline oiling exposure from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill by compiling field and remotely-sensed datasets to support oil exposure and injury quantification. We compiled a spatial database of shoreline segments with attributes summarizing habitat, oiling category and timeline. We present new simplified oil exposure classes for both beaches and coastal wetland habitats derived from this database integrating both intensity and persistence of oiling on the shoreline over time. We document oiling along 2113 km out of 9545 km of surveyed shoreline, an increase of 19% from previously published estimates and representing the largest marine oil spill in history by length of shoreline oiled. These data may be used to generate maps and calculate summary statistics to assist in quantifying and understanding the scope, extent, and spatial distribution of shoreline oil exposure as a result of the DWH incident. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nixon, Zachary; Michel, Jacqueline] Res Planning Inc, 1121 Pk St, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Zengel, Scott] Res Planning Inc, 247 E 7th Ave,Suite 200, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [Baker, Mary; Steinhoff, Marla] NOAA, Assessment & Restorat Div, Off Response & Restorat, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Fricano, Gail] Ind Econ Inc, 2067 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Rouhani, Shahrokh] NewFields LLC, 1349 West Peachtree St NW 2000, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RP Nixon, Z (reprint author), Res Planning Inc, 1121 Pk St, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. EM znixon@researchplannning.com FU NOAA Assessment and Restoration Division FX Funding for the authors was provided through the NOAA Assessment and Restoration Division. This work depends heavily upon data collected by the SCAT Program for the DWH oil spill. The SCAT Program was part of the Unified Command response structure consisting of the U.S. Federal government, the respective State government agencies, and BP and led by the U.S. Coast Guard Federal On-Scene Coordinator. This paper also relies on data collected as part of investigations being conducted cooperatively among NOAA, other Federal and State natural resource agencies, and BP as part of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Natural Resource Data Collection (NRDA). Many organizations and hundreds of individuals contributed to the collection, review, and analysis of both SCAT and NRDA data presented herein. We particularly thank the dedicated field staff from both data collection programs who spent tens of thousands of hours in the field over four years. The opinions in the paper are those of the authors and not necessarily of all participants in the cooperative studies upon which the paper is based. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 14 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 107 IS 1 BP 170 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.003 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DO4BL UT WOS:000377726700034 PM 27098990 ER PT J AU Dellis, AT Shah, V Donley, EA Knappe, S Kitching, J AF Dellis, Argyrios T. Shah, Vishal Donley, Elizabeth A. Knappe, Svenja Kitching, John TI Low helium permeation cells for atomic microsystems technology SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLOCK AB Laser spectroscopy of atoms confined in vapor cells can be strongly affected by the presence of background gases. A significant source of vacuum contamination is the permeation of gases such as helium (He) through the walls of the cell. Aluminosilicate glass (ASG) is a material with a helium permeation rate that is many orders of magnitude lower than borosilicate glass, which is commonly used for cell fabrication. We have identified a suitable source of ASG that is fabricated in wafer form and can be anodically bonded to silicon. We have fabricated chip-scale alkali vapor cells using this glass for the windows and we have measured the helium permeation rate using the pressure shift of the hyperfine clock transition. We demonstrate micro fabricated cells with He permeation rates at least three orders of magnitude lower than that of cells made with borosilicate glass at room temperature. Such cells may be useful in compact vapor-cell atomic clocks and as a micro fabricated platform suitable for the generation of cold atom samples. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Dellis, Argyrios T.; Donley, Elizabeth A.; Knappe, Svenja; Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shah, Vishal] QuSpin Inc, Unit 112, 2011 Cherry St, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. RP Dellis, AT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM argyrios.dellis@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); DARPA's Microsystems Technology Office FX National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); DARPA's Microsystems Technology Office. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2775 EP 2778 DI 10.1364/OL.41.002775 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA DO8WK UT WOS:000378065900027 PM 27304286 ER PT J AU Eckel, S Lee, JG Jendrzejewski, F Lobb, CJ Campbell, GK Hill, WT AF Eckel, S. Lee, Jeffrey G. Jendrzejewski, F. Lobb, C. J. Campbell, G. K. Hill, W. T., III TI Contact resistance and phase slips in mesoscopic superfluid-atom transport SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; ULTRACOLD FERMIONS; CRITICAL VELOCITY; FLOW; GAS; CIRCUIT; HELIUM AB We experimentally measure transport of superfluid, bosonic atoms in a mesoscopic system: a small channel connecting two large reservoirs. Starting far from equilibrium (superfluid in a single reservoir), we observe first resistive flow transitioning at a critical current into superflow, characterized by oscillations. We reproduce this full evolution with a simple electronic circuit model. We compare our fitted conductance to two different microscopic phenomenological models. We also show that the oscillations are consistent with LC oscillations as estimated by the kinetic inductance and effective capacitance in our system. Our experiment provides an attractive platform to begin to probe the mesoscopic transport properties of a dilute, superfluid, Bose gas. C1 [Hill, W. T., III] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hill, WT (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wth@umd.edu RI Jendrzejewski, Fred/L-2998-2016 OI Jendrzejewski, Fred/0000-0003-1488-7901 FU ONR; ARO atomtronics MURI; NSF through the PFC at the JQI FX The authors thank M. Edwards and T. Simula for useful discussions. We thank W. D. Phillips for an extremely thorough reading of the manuscript. This work was partially supported by ONR, the ARO atomtronics MURI, and the NSF through the PFC at the JQI. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 6 AR 063619 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.063619 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DO5AR UT WOS:000377796500006 ER PT J AU Jeong, Y Iadicola, MA Gnaupel-Herold, T Creuziger, A AF Jeong, Y. Iadicola, M. A. Gnaupel-Herold, T. Creuziger, A. TI Multiaxial constitutive behavior of an interstitial-free steel: Measurements through X-ray and digital image correlation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Crystal plasticity; X-ray diffraction; Multiaxial stress; Yield surface; Digital image correlation ID DIFFRACTION ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; SITU NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; SHEET-METAL; BIAXIAL DEFORMATION; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; STRAIN; TEXTURE; POLYCRYSTALS; SPECIMENS; TENSION AB Constitutive behaviors of an interstitial-free steel sample were measured using an augmented Marciniak experiment. In these tests, multiaxial strain field data of the flat specimens were measured by the digital image correlation technique. In addition, the flow stress was measured using an X-ray diffractometer. The flat specimens in three different geometries were tested in order to achieve 1) balanced biaxial strain, and plane strain tests with zero strain in either 2) rolling direction or 3) transverse direction. The multiaxial stress and strain data were processed to obtain plastic work contours with reference to a uniaxial tension test along the rolling direction. The experimental results show that the mechanical behavior of the subjected specimen deviates significantly from isotropic behavior predicted by the von Mises yield criterion. The initial yield loci measured by a Marciniak tester is in good agreement with what is predicted by Hill's yield criterion. However, as deformation increases beyond the von Mises strain of 0.05, the shape of the work contour significantly deviates from that of Hill's yield locus. A prediction made by a viscoplastic self-consistent model is in better agreement with the experimental observation than the Hill yield locus with the isotropic work-hardening rule. However, none of the studied models matched the initial or evolving anisotropic behaviors of the interstitial-free steel measured by the augmented Marciniak experiment. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Jeong, Y.; Iadicola, M. A.; Creuziger, A.] NIST, Ctr Automot Lightweighting, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jeong, Y.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gnaupel-Herold, T.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jeong, Y.] Clemson Univ, Int Ctr Automot Res, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Jeong, Y (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Automot Lightweighting, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Jeong, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Jeong, Y (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Int Ctr Automot Res, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. EM younguj@clemson.edu OI Jeong, Youngung/0000-0001-6496-8115 NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 112 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.04.013 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DN8KA UT WOS:000377326400009 ER PT J AU Phan, TQ Levine, LE Lee, IF Xu, RQ Tischler, JZ Huang, Y Langdon, TG Kassner, ME AF Phan, Thien Q. Levine, Lyle E. Lee, I-Fang Xu, Ruqing Tischler, Jonathan Z. Huang, Yi Langdon, Terence G. Kassner, Michael E. TI Synchrotron X-ray microbeam diffraction measurements of full elastic long range internal strain and stress tensors in commercial-purity aluminum processed by multiple passes of equal-channel angular pressing. SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Synchrotron X-ray; Diffraction; Full strain tensor; Severe plastic deformation; Aluminum ID MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; GRAINED ALUMINUM; COPPER; ECAP; DEFORMATION; REFINEMENT; AL AB Synchrotron X-ray microbeam diffraction was used to measure the full elastic long range internal strain and stress tensors of low dislocation density regions within the submicrometer grain/subgrain structure of equal -channel angular pressed (ECAP) aluminum alloy AA1050 after 1, 2, and 8 passes using route Bc. This is the first time that full tensors were measured in plastically deformed metals at this length scale. The maximum (most tensile or least compressive) principal elastic strain directions for the unloaded 1 pass sample for the grain/subgrain interiors align well with the pressing direction, and are more random for the 2 and 8 pass samples. The measurements reported here indicate that the local stresses and strains become increasingly isotropic (homogenized) with increasing ECAP passes using route B-C. The average maximum (in magnitude) LRISs are -0.43 as for 1 pass, -0.44 sigma(a) for 2 pass, and 0.14 sigma(a) for the 8 pass sample. These LRISs are larger than those reported previously because those earlier measurements were unable to measure the full stress tensor. Significantly, the measured stresses are inconsistent with the two-component composite model. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Phan, Thien Q.] Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lee, I-Fang; Langdon, Terence G.; Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Phan, Thien Q.; Levine, Lyle E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Ruqing; Tischler, Jonathan Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Huang, Yi; Langdon, Terence G.] Univ Southampton, Mat Res Grp, Fac Engn & Environm, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Phan, TQ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thien.phan@nist.gov RI Huang, Yi/E-9008-2012; Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008 OI Huang, Yi/0000-0001-9259-8123; FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1401194]; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; European Research Council under ERC [267464-SPDMETALS] FX Research at the University of Southern California was supported the National Science Foundation through DMR-1401194, this research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source (beamlines 11-BM and 34-ID-E), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, and research at the University of Southampton was supported by the European Research Council under ERC Grant Agreement No. 267464-SPDMETALS. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 112 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.04.035 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DN8KA UT WOS:000377326400023 ER PT J AU Pourarian, S Kearsley, A Wen, J Pertzborn, A AF Pourarian, Shokouh Kearsley, Anthony Wen, Jin Pertzborn, Amanda TI Efficient and robust optimization for building energy simulation SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE Building energy systems; HVAC simulation; Numerical method; Efficiency; Robustness; Powell's Hybrid method; Levenberg-Marquardt method AB Efficiently, robustly and accurately solving large sets of structured, non-linear algebraic and differential equations is one of the most computationally expensive steps in the dynamic simulation of building energy systems. Here, the efficiency, robustness and accuracy of two commonly employed solution methods are compared. The comparison is conducted using the HVACSIM+ software package, a component based building system simulation tool. The HVACSIM+ software presently employs Powell's Hybrid method to solve systems of nonlinear algebraic equations that model the dynamics of energy states and interactions within buildings. It is shown here that the Powell's method does not always converge to a solution. Since a myriad of other numerical methods are available, the question arises as to which method is most appropriate for building energy simulation. This paper finds considerable computational benefits result from replacing the Powell's Hybrid method solver in HVACSIM+ with a solver more appropriate for the challenges particular to numerical simulations of buildings. Evidence is provided that a variant of the Levenberg-Marquardt solver has superior accuracy and robustness compared to the Powell's Hybrid method presently used in HVACSIM+. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pourarian, Shokouh; Wen, Jin] Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kearsley, Anthony] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pertzborn, Amanda] NIST, Mech Syst & Controls Grp, EED, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pourarian, S (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM SP828@drexel.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [60NANB10D243] FX The authors would like to thank National Institute of Standards and Technology for funding the project under grant number: 60NANB10D243. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 EI 1872-6178 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 122 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.04.019 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DN1NS UT WOS:000376833300006 PM 27325907 ER PT J AU Speicher, MS Harris, JL AF Speicher, Matthew S. Harris, John L., III TI Collapse Prevention seismic performance assessment of new eccentrically braced frames using ASCE 41 SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Performance-based seismic design; Eccentrically braced frame; Performance assessment; ASCE 41; Steel structures AB This paper presents the results of a seismic performance assessment using ASCE 41-06 for six eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) designed in accordance with the 2012 International Building Code. The correlation between ASCE 7-10 and ASCE 41-06 is investigated to compare the seismic performance anticipated by the two standards. Three archetype buildings (4-, 8-, and 16-story) with EBFs along one principal direction are designed for seismic effects: (1) once using the equivalent lateral force (ELF) procedure and (2) a second time using the response spectrum analysis (RSA) procedure. Performance assessments of the frames are conducted using four analysis procedures, static and dynamic analyses performed under both linear and nonlinear analysis regimes. Linear analysis results indicate performance issues in the columns and no issues in the links. In contrast, the nonlinear analysis results show that the links in the 8- and 16-story frames consistently fail to meet the assessment criteria due to significant concentrations of ductility demands. Furthermore, the RSA-designed frames generally perform poorer than their ELF-designed counterpart frames. The contributing factors to the noted performance issues with regards to ASCE 41 are investigated and recommendations are made on how to alter the performance outcome. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Speicher, Matthew S.; Harris, John L., III] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Speicher, MS (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.speicher@nist.gov; john.harris@nist.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-0296 EI 1873-7323 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 117 BP 344 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.02.018 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA DL7JS UT WOS:000375817600025 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Romero, A Gonzalez, JA Calbo, J Sanchez-Lorenzo, A Michalsky, J AF Sanchez-Romero, A. Gonzalez, J. A. Calbo, J. Sanchez-Lorenzo, A. Michalsky, J. TI Aerosol optical depth in a western Mediterranean site: An assessment of different methods SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Multi-filter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR); Aerosol optical depth; Angstrom exponent; Cimel sunphotometer; Satellite-derived aerosol data; Radiative closure ID ROTATING SHADOWBAND RADIOMETER; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION MEASUREMENT; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MISR; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; MODIS; AERONET; CLOUD; INSTRUMENT; RETRIEVAL AB Column aerosol optical properties were derived from multifilter rotating shadowing radiometer (MFRSR) observations carried out at Girona (northeast Spain) from June 2012 to June 2014. We used a technique that allows estimating simultaneously aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (AE) at high time-resolution. For the period studied, mean AOD at 500 nm was 0.14, with a noticeable seasonal pattern, i.e. maximum in summer and minimum in winter. Mean AE from 500 to 870 nm was 1.2 with a strong day-to-day variation and slightly higher values in summer. So, the summer increase in AOD seems to be linked with an enhancement in the number of fine particles. A radiative closure experiment, using the SMARTS2 model, was performed to confirm that the MFRSR-retrieved aerosol optical properties appropriately represent the continuously varying atmospheric conditions in Girona. Thus, the calculated broadband values of the direct flux show a mean absolute difference of less than 5.9W m(-2) (0.77%) and R = 0.99 when compared to the observed fluxes. The sensitivity of the achieved closure to uncertainties in AOD and AE was also examined. We use this MFRSR-based dataset as a reference for other ground-based and satellite measurements that might be used to assess the aerosol properties at this site. First, we used observations obtained from a 100 km away AERONET station; despite a general similar behavior when compared with the in-situ MFRSR observations, certain discrepancies for AOD estimates in the different channels (R < 0.84 and slope < 1) appear. Second, AOD products from MISR and MODIS satellite observations were compared with our ground-based retrievals. Reasonable agreements are found for the MISR product (R = 0.92), with somewhat poorer agreement for the MODIS product (R = 0.70). Finally, we apply all these methods to study in detail the aerosol properties during two singular aerosol events related to a forest fire and a desert dust intrusion. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sanchez-Romero, A.; Gonzalez, J. A.; Calbo, J.] Univ Girona, Dept Phys, CM Aurelia Campmany 63,Campus Montilivi,EPS 2, Girona 17071, Spain. [Sanchez-Lorenzo, A.] CSIC, IPE, Zaragoza, Spain. [Michalsky, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Michalsky, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sanchez-Romero, A (reprint author), Univ Girona, Dept Phys, CM Aurelia Campmany 63,Campus Montilivi,EPS 2, Girona 17071, Spain. EM alejandro.sanchez@udg.edu RI Calbo, Josep/K-2462-2014; Sanchez-Lorenzo, Arturo/D-8715-2011 OI Calbo, Josep/0000-0002-9374-0790; Sanchez-Lorenzo, Arturo/0000-0001-7830-9268 FU Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CGL2010-18546, CGL2014-55976-R, JCI-2012-12508]; Spanish Ministry of Education [FPU AP2010-0917] FX This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness projects NUCLIERSOL (CGL2010-18546) and NUBESOL (CGL2014-55976-R). The first author enjoys a grant by the FPU program (FPU AP2010-0917) of the Spanish Ministry of Education. The fourth author enjoys a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (JCI-2012-12508). We also thank Sara Basart, Jose M. Baldasano (Barcelona Supercomputing Center) and their staff for establishing and maintaining the AERONET Barcelona site, used in this investigation. We are also grateful to the members of the NASA Atmospheric Data Center and the Goddard Center for providing MISR/MODIS satellite data used for this study. Finally, we would like to thank the useful comments of the anonymous reviewers, which significantly helped to improve the manuscript. NR 89 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 174 BP 70 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.02.002 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH6YY UT WOS:000372939200008 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, MA AF Kedzierski, Mark A. TI Diesel Adsorption to Polyvinyl Chloride and Iron During Contaminated Water Flow and Flushing Tests SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adsorption; contaminant; diesel; excess layer; fluorescence; measurement technique; sorption; water AB This paper presents an experimental and theoretical study of aqueous diesel contamination and decontamination of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surface and an iron (Fe) surface. A test apparatus designed for the purpose of studying adsorption of diesel from a flowing dilute diesel/water mixture was used to measure the mass of diesel adsorbed per unit surface area (the excess surface density) and the bulk concentration of the diesel in the flow using a fluorescence based measurement technique. Both bulk composition and the excess surface density measurements were achieved via a traverse of the fluorescent measurement probe perpendicular to the test surface. The diesel adsorption to each test surface was examined for three different Reynolds numbers between zero and 7000. Measurements for a given condition were made over a period of approximately 200 h for a diesel mass fraction of approximately 0.15 % in tap water. For a Reynolds number of approximately 7000, the largest excess layer thickness was approximately 4.4 mu m, which was measured on a PVC surface. Averaging over all contaminating flow rates and exposure times, the excess layer thickness on the PVC surface was approximately 2.0 mu m. Reynolds number had little or no effect on the accumulation of diesel on an iron surface, which was approximately 0.71 mu m. The adsorbed diesel on the PVC and iron surfaces was removed by flushing with tap water. Models to predict excess layer thickness during flushing and contamination were developed. The models predict flushing times to within 7 h and predict the influence of pipe surface on contamination level. C1 [Kedzierski, Mark A.] NIST, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, Div Energy & Environm, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), NIST, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, Div Energy & Environm, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.kedzierski@nist.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [DW-13-92167701-0] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under contract #DW-13-92167701-0, with the guidance of project manager Mr. V. Gallardo. Thanks go to the following NIST personnel for their constructive criticism of the first draft of the manuscript: Dr. S. Treado, and Dr. P. Domanski. Thanks goes to Dr. K. Cole of NIST's Biochemical Science Division for his constructive criticism of the second draft of the manuscript. Furthermore, the author extends appreciation to Mr. D. Wilmering and Mr. J. Wamsley for taking the measurements and conquering the difficult machining and design problems encountered in the project. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUN 14 PY 2016 VL 121 DI 10.6028/jres.121.014 PG 28 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ5BP UT WOS:000379219700001 ER PT J AU Donohue, MP Szalai, VA AF Donohue, M. P. Szalai, V. A. TI Distance measurements between paramagnetic ligands bound to parallel stranded guanine quadruplexes SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN TELOMERIC DNA; STRUCTURE-BASED DESIGN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL BASIS; ESR SPECTROSCOPY; DRUG RECOGNITION; END-STACKING; COMPLEXES; INHIBITION; RESONANCE AB Aside from a double helix, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) folds into non-canonical structures, one of which is the guanine quadruplex. Cationic porphyrins bind guanine quadruplexes, but the effects of ligand binding on the structure of guanine quadruplexes with more than four contiguous guanine quartets remains to be fully elucidated. Double electron-electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy conducted at 9.5 GHz (X-band) using broadband, shaped inversion pulses was used to measure the distances between cationic copper porphyrins bound to model parallel-stranded guanine quadruplexes with increasing numbers of guanine quartets. A single Gaussian component was found to best model the time domain datasets, characteristic of a 2 : 1 binding stoichiometry between the porphyrins and each quadruplex. The measured Cu2+-Cu2+ distances were found to be linearly proportional with the number of guanines. Rather unexpectedly, the ligand end-stacking distance was found to monotonically decreases the overall quadruplex length was extended, suggesting a conformational change in the quadruplex secondary structure dependent upon the number of successive guanine quartets. C1 [Donohue, M. P.; Szalai, V. A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Donohue, M. P.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Donohue, MP (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Donohue, MP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM matthew.donohue@nist.gov FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX Prof. Liliya A. Yatsunyk (Swarthmore College) is thanked for her critical reading of the manuscript and for stimulating discussions on the topic of G-quadruplexes. Drs Curt W. Meuse and Jason K. Streit (National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg) are acknowledged for their help in conducting circular dichroism measurements. Dr Sergey Milikisyants (North Carolina State University) is acknowledged for helpful discussions regarding pulsed EPR experiments. M. P. Donohue acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 83 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2016 VL 18 IS 22 BP 15447 EP 15455 DI 10.1039/c6cp01121g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DP1TY UT WOS:000378273500079 PM 27218217 ER PT J AU Bales, MJ Alarcon, R Bass, CD Beise, EJ Breuer, H Byrne, J Chupp, TE Coakley, KJ Cooper, RL Dewey, MS Gardner, S Gentile, TR He, D Mumm, HP Nico, JS O'Neill, B Thompson, AK Wietfeldt, FE AF Bales, M. J. Alarcon, R. Bass, C. D. Beise, E. J. Breuer, H. Byrne, J. Chupp, T. E. Coakley, K. J. Cooper, R. L. Dewey, M. S. Gardner, S. Gentile, T. R. He, D. Mumm, H. P. Nico, J. S. O'Neill, B. Thompson, A. K. Wietfeldt, F. E. CA RDK II Collaboration TI Precision Measurement of the Radiative beta Decay of the Free Neutron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; NONPROPORTIONALITY; LIFETIME; PROTONS; PHYSICS; MODE AB The standard model predicts that, in addition to a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino, a continuous spectrum of photons is emitted in the beta decay of the free neutron. We report on the RDK II experiment which measured the photon spectrum using two different detector arrays. An annular array of bismuth germanium oxide scintillators detected photons from 14 to 782 keV. The spectral shape was consistent with theory, and we determined a branching ratio of 0.00335 +/- 0.00005 [stat] +/- 0.00015 [stat]. A second detector array of large area avalanche photodiodes directly detected photons from 0.4 to 14 keV. For this array, the spectral shape was consistent with theory, and the branching ratio was determined to be 0.00582 +/- 0.00023 [stat] +/- 0.00062 [stat]. We report the first precision test of the shape of the photon energy spectrum from neutron radiative decay and a substantially improved determination of the branching ratio over a broad range of photon energies. C1 [Bales, M. J.; Chupp, T. E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Bales, M. J.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Alarcon, R.; O'Neill, B.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bass, C. D.; Dewey, M. S.; Gentile, T. R.; Mumm, H. P.; Nico, J. S.; Thompson, A. K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Beise, E. J.; Breuer, H.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Byrne, J.] Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Coakley, K. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cooper, R. L.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Gardner, S.; He, D.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Wietfeldt, F. E.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Bass, C. D.] Le Moyne Coll, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. [Cooper, R. L.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [He, D.] Peking Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Bales, MJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA.; Bales, MJ (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM matthew.bales@tum.de FU Advanced Research Computing at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [PHY-0969654, PHY-1205266, PHY-1205393, PHY-1306547, PHY-1505196]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-96ER40989] FX We thank Changbo Fu for his initial simulation work and David Winogradoff for his calibration studies. We additionally thank R. Farrell for numerous discussions about APD operation and their properties. This research was supported in part through computational resources and services provided by Advanced Research Computing at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron facilities used in this work. This research was made possible in part by support from the National Science Foundation (Grants No. PHY-0969654, No. PHY-1205266, No. PHY-1205393, No. PHY-1306547, and No. PHY-1505196) and the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant No. DE-FG02-96ER40989 and an interagency agreement). NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 14 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 24 AR 242501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.242501 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DO5GX UT WOS:000377812700006 PM 27367385 ER PT J AU Gopman, DB Dennis, CL Chen, PJ Iunin, YL Finkel, P Staruch, M Shull, RD AF Gopman, D. B. Dennis, C. L. Chen, P. J. Iunin, Y. L. Finkel, P. Staruch, M. Shull, R. D. TI Strain-assisted magnetization reversal in Co/Ni multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID FILMS AB Multifunctional materials composed of ultrathin magnetic films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy combined with ferroelectric substrates represent a new approach toward low power, fast, high density spintronics. Here we demonstrate Co/Ni multilayered films with tunable saturation magnetization and perpendicular anisotropy grown directly on ferroelectric PZT [Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O-3] substrate plates. Electric fields up to +/- 2 MV/m expand the PZT by 0.1% and generate at least 0.02% in-plane compression in the Co/Ni multilayered film. Modifying the strain with a voltage can reduce the coercive field by over 30%. We also demonstrate that alternating in-plane tensile and compressive strains (less than 0.01%) can be used to propagate magnetic domain walls. This ability to manipulate high anisotropy magnetic thin films could prove useful for lowering the switching energy for magnetic elements in future voltage-controlled spintronic devices. C1 [Gopman, D. B.; Dennis, C. L.; Chen, P. J.; Iunin, Y. L.; Shull, R. D.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Iunin, Y. L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. [Finkel, P.; Staruch, M.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gopman, DB (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.gopman@nist.gov RI Staruch, Margo/M-9260-2015 OI Staruch, Margo/0000-0003-3088-2553 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JUN 14 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 27774 DI 10.1038/srep27774 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DO5JG UT WOS:000377818800001 PM 27297638 ER PT J AU Chulliat, A Vigneron, P Hulot, G AF Chulliat, A. Vigneron, P. Hulot, G. TI First results from the Swarm Dedicated Ionospheric Field Inversion chain SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Swarm; Geomagnetism; Ionosphere; Sq; Equatorial electrojet ID EARTHS MAGNETIC-FIELD; OBSERVATORY DATA; QUIET-TIME; GEOMAGNETIC-VARIATIONS; SATELLITE DATA; MODEL; CONSTELLATION; SCARF; ELECTRODYNAMICS; CURRENTS AB Data-based modeling of the magnetic field originating in the Earth's ionosphere is challenging due to the multiple timescales involved and the small spatial scales of some of the current systems, especially the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) that flows along the magnetic dip equator. The Dedicated Ionospheric Field Inversion (DIFI) algorithm inverts a combination of Swarm satellite and ground observatory data at mid-to low latitudes and provides models of the solar-quiet (Sq) and EEJ magnetic fields on the ground and at satellite altitude. The basis functions of these models are spherical harmonics in quasi-dipole coordinates and Fourier series describing the 24-, 12-, 8-and 6-h periodicities, as well as the annual and semiannual variations. A 1-D conductivity model of the Earth and a 2-D conductivity model of the oceans and continents are used to separate the primary ionospheric field from its induced counterpart. First results from the DIFI algorithm confirm several well-known features of the seasonal variability and westward drift speed of the Sq current systems. They also reveal a peculiar seasonal variability of the Sq field in the Southern hemisphere and a longitudinal variability reminiscent of the EEJ wave-4 structure in the same hemisphere. These observations suggest that the Sq and EEJ currents might be electrically coupled, but only for some seasons and longitudes and more so in the Southern hemisphere than in the Northern hemisphere. C1 [Chulliat, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chulliat, A.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Vigneron, P.; Hulot, G.] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Paris, 1 Rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Chulliat, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Chulliat, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM arnaud.chulliat@noaa.gov RI Hulot, Gauthier/A-5627-2011; Chulliat, Arnaud/A-5747-2011 OI Chulliat, Arnaud/0000-0001-7414-9631 FU European Space Agency through ESTEC contracts [4000102140/10/NL/JA, 4000109587/13/I-NB]; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales through the "Travaux preparatoires et exploitation de la mission Swarm" project FX The DIFI algorithm development was funded by the European Space Agency through ESTEC contracts 4000102140/10/NL/JA "Development of the Swarm Level 2 Algorithms and Associated Level 2 Processing Facility" and 4000109587/13/I-NB "SWARM ESL", as well as by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales through the "Travaux preparatoires et exploitation de la mission Swarm" project. We thank Patrick Alken for providing us with an updated version of his core field model, Alexei Kuvshinov for making available to us his updated Q matrix and Nils Olsen for helpful discussions at various stages of this work. This is IPGP contribution #3735. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PD JUN 13 PY 2016 VL 68 AR 104 DI 10.1186/s40623-016-0481-6 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DO7DB UT WOS:000377941300001 ER PT J AU Mumm, HP Huber, MG Bauder, W Abrams, N Deibel, CM Huffer, CR Huffman, PR Schelhammer, KW Janssens, R Jiang, CL Scott, RH Pardo, RC Rehm, KE Vondrasek, R Swank, CM O'Shaughnessy, CM Paul, M Yang, L AF Mumm, H. P. Huber, M. G. Bauder, W. Abrams, N. Deibel, C. M. Huffer, C. R. Huffman, P. R. Schelhammer, K. W. Janssens, R. Jiang, C. L. Scott, R. H. Pardo, R. C. Rehm, K. E. Vondrasek, R. Swank, C. M. O'Shaughnessy, C. M. Paul, M. Yang, L. TI High-sensitivity measurement of He-3-He-4 isotopic ratios for ultracold neutron experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PURE HE-4; APPARATUS AB Research efforts ranging from studies of solid helium to searches for a neutron electric dipole moment require isotopically purified helium with a ratio of He-3 to He-4 at levels below that which can be measured using traditional mass spectroscopy techniques. We demonstrate an approach to such a measurement using accelerator mass spectroscopy, reaching the 10(-14) level of sensitivity, several orders of magnitude more sensitive than other techniques. Measurements of He-3/He-4 in samples relevant to the measurement of the neutron lifetime indicate the need for substantial corrections. We also argue that there is a clear path forward to sensitivity increases of at least another order of magnitude. C1 [Mumm, H. P.; Huber, M. G.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bauder, W.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. [Abrams, N.] Columbia Univ, 538 West 120th St,704 Pupin Hall,MC 5255, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Deibel, C. M.] Louisiana State Univ, 218-B Nicholson Hall,Tower Dr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Huffer, C. R.; Huffman, P. R.; Schelhammer, K. W.] N Carolina State Univ, 2401 Stinson Dr,Box 8202, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Huffer, C. R.; Huffman, P. R.; Schelhammer, K. W.; O'Shaughnessy, C. M.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, 116 Sci Dr,Box 90308, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Janssens, R.; Jiang, C. L.; Scott, R. H.; Pardo, R. C.; Rehm, K. E.; Vondrasek, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Bldg 203,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Swank, C. M.] CALTECH, 1200 East Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [O'Shaughnessy, C. M.] Univ N Carolina, 120 E Cameron Ave,CB 3255, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Paul, M.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Yang, L.] Univ Illinois, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Mumm, HP (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pieter.mumm@nist.gov FU U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-0855593]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-97ER41042] FX We acknowledge the support of the NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing support for facilities used in this work. This work is also supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-0855593 and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and No. DE-FG02-97ER41042. This research used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN 13 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 6 AR 065502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.93.065502 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA DO5DH UT WOS:000377803300008 ER PT J AU O'Leary, RM Meiron, Y Kocsis, B AF O'Leary, Ryan M. Meiron, Yohai Kocsis, Bence TI DYNAMICAL FORMATION SIGNATURES OF BLACK HOLE BINARIES IN THE FIRST DETECTED MERGERS BY LIGO SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; galaxies: star clusters: general; gravitational waves; stars: kinematics and dynamics ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE SOURCES; X-RAY BINARIES; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; STAR-CLUSTERS; COMPACT BINARIES; DENSE CLUSTERS; EVOLUTION; MASS; RETENTION; RADIATION AB The dynamical formation of stellar-mass black hole-black hole binaries has long been a promising source of gravitational waves for the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). Mass segregation, gravitational focusing, and multibody dynamical interactions naturally increase the interaction rate between the most massive black holes in dense stellar systems, eventually leading them to merge. We find that dynamical interactions, particularly three-body binary formation, enhance the merger rate of black hole binaries with total mass M-tot roughly as proportional to M-tot beta, with beta greater than or similar to 4. We find that this relation holds mostly independently of the initial mass function, but the exact value depends on the degree of mass segregation. The detection rate of such massive black hole binaries is only further enhanced by LIGO's greater sensitivity to massive black hole binaries with M-tot less than or similar to 80 M-circle dot We find that for power-law BH mass functions dN/dM proportional to M-alpha with alpha <= 2, LIGO is most likely to detect black hole binaries with a mass twice that of the maximum initial black hole mass and a mass ratio near one. Repeated mergers of black holes inside the cluster result in about similar to 5% of mergers being observed between two and three times the maximum initial black hole mass. Using these relations, one may be able to invert the observed distribution to the initial mass function with multiple detections of merging black hole binaries. C1 [O'Leary, Ryan M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [O'Leary, Ryan M.] NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Meiron, Yohai; Kocsis, Bence] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Phys, Pazmany Ps 1-A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. RP O'Leary, RM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; O'Leary, RM (reprint author), NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ryan.oleary@jila.colorado.edu RI Kocsis, Bence/C-3061-2013; OI Kocsis, Bence/0000-0002-4865-7517; Meiron, Yohai/0000-0003-3518-5183 FU NSF grant [AST-1313021, PHY-1066293]; ERC-2014-STG grant [GalNUC 638435]; European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme FX R.M.O. acknowledges the support provided by NSF grant AST-1313021. This work was supported in part by the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme, ERC-2014-STG grant GalNUC 638435, and it was completed in part (by B.K.) in the Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by NSF grant #PHY-1066293. The N-body simulations were carried out on the NIIF HPC cluster at the University of Debrecen, Hungary. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2016 VL 824 IS 1 AR L12 DI 10.3847/2041-8205/824/1/L12 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO6OR UT WOS:000377903500012 ER PT J AU Bohnet, JG Sawyer, BC Britton, JW Wall, ML Rey, AM Foss-Feig, M Bollinger, JJ AF Bohnet, Justin G. Sawyer, Brian C. Britton, Joseph W. Wall, Michael L. Rey, Ana Maria Foss-Feig, Michael Bollinger, John J. TI Quantum spin dynamics and entanglement generation with hundreds of trapped ions SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RANGE INTERACTIONS; OPTICAL LATTICE; STATES; ATOMS; PROPAGATION; SIMULATION; NOISE AB Quantum simulation of spin models can provide insight into problems that are difficult or impossible to study with classical computers. Trapped ions are an established platform for quantum simulation, but only systems with fewer than 20 ions have demonstrated quantum correlations. We studied quantum spin dynamics arising from an engineered, homogeneous Ising interaction in a two-dimensional array of Be-9(+) ions in a Penning trap. We verified entanglement in spin-squeezed states of up to 219 ions, directly observing 4.0 +/- 0.9 decibels of spectroscopic enhancement, and observed states with non-Gaussian statistics consistent with oversqueezed states. The good agreement with ab initio theory that includes interactions and decoherence lays the groundwork for simulations of the transverse-field Ising model with variable-range interactions, which are generally intractable with classical methods. C1 [Bohnet, Justin G.; Sawyer, Brian C.; Britton, Joseph W.; Bollinger, John J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sawyer, Brian C.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Britton, Joseph W.; Foss-Feig, Michael] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Wall, Michael L.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wall, Michael L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Foss-Feig, Michael] Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Foss-Feig, Michael] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bohnet, JG; Bollinger, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM justin.bohnet@nist.gov; jjb@nist.gov FU NSF [PHY 1521080]; JILA-NSF [PFC-1125844]; Army Research Office; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST; NIST FX We thank D. Hume, J. Thompson, A. Keith, J. Schachenmayer, A. Safavi-Naini, M. Gaerttner, and M. Kastner for helpful discussions. Supported by NSF grant PHY 1521080, JILA-NSF grant PFC-1125844, the Army Research Office, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and its Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (A.M.R.) and by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST (J.G.B., M.F.-F., and M.L.W.). All authors acknowledge financial support from NIST. This manuscript is the contribution of NIST and is not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 16 U2 29 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 10 PY 2016 VL 352 IS 6291 BP 1297 EP 1301 DI 10.1126/science.aad9958 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DO7ON UT WOS:000377972000035 PM 27284189 ER PT J AU Rooper, CN Sigler, MF Goddard, P Malecha, P Towler, R Williams, K Wilborn, R Zimmermann, M AF Rooper, Christopher N. Sigler, Michael F. Goddard, Pam Malecha, Pat Towler, Rick Williams, Kresimir Wilborn, Rachel Zimmermann, Mark TI Validation and improvement of species distribution models for structure-forming invertebrates in the eastern Bering Sea with an independent survey SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Benthic invertebrates; Habitat; Underwater survey; Species distribution models; Model validation; Invertebrate size structure; Density; Eastern Bering Sea; Alaska ID PREDICTING SUITABLE HABITAT; HALIPTERIS-WILLEMOESI; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; WATER CORAL; FINE-SCALE; ALASKA; ASSOCIATIONS; ABUNDANCE AB Species distribution modeling is a useful tool for informing ecosystems management. However, validation of model predictions through independent surveys is rarely attempted in marine environments, which are challenging to study and often contain sensitive habitats. We conducted an underwater camera survey of the eastern Bering Sea slope and outer shelf as an independent test of species distribution modeling of deep-sea corals, sponges and sea whips based on bottom trawl survey data. We also refined model predictions by combining species distribution models based on both bottom trawl and underwater camera survey data. The camera survey also was conducted to determine density and size of the taxa. The trawl model predictions generally were confirmed by the camera observations (area under the receiver-operator curve [AUC] values of 0.63 to 0.73). Combining bottom trawl and camera survey model predictions improved predictive ability (AUC values of 0.74 to 0.90 for camera observations). Corals were distributed in Pribilof Canyon and the slope area to the northwest of the canyon, and colony densities averaged 0.005 ind. m(-2) and ranged from 0 to 0.28 ind. m(-2). The low densities were consistent with the absence of hard substrates for coral attachment in most areas of the eastern Bering Sea. Sponge and sea whip density averaged 0.11 ind. m(-2), with sponge density ranging from 0 to 13.1 and sea whip density ranging from 0 to 8.4 ind. m(-2). Invertebrate heights were generally small, with most taxonomic groups < 20 cm in average height. This type of study is vital to providing the best scientific advice for spatial management of structure-forming invertebrates, so that decisions concerning the protection of these vulnerable communities can be implemented with a clear basis for priorities. C1 [Rooper, Christopher N.; Goddard, Pam; Towler, Rick; Williams, Kresimir; Wilborn, Rachel; Zimmermann, Mark] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sigler, Michael F.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Habitat & Ecol Proc Res Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Malecha, Pat] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Rooper, CN (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chris.rooper@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD JUN 9 PY 2016 VL 551 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.3354/meps11703 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DR3OH UT WOS:000379812000010 ER PT J AU Chen, G Hazzard, KRA Rey, AM Hermele, M AF Chen, Gang Hazzard, Kaden R. A. Rey, Ana Maria Hermele, Michael TI Synthetic-gauge-field stabilization of the chiral-spin-liquid phase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; QUANTUM COMPUTATION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; FERMIONS; STATE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; REALIZATION; INSULATORS; POTENTIALS; TRANSITION AB We explore the phase diagram of the SU(N) Hubbard models describing fermionic alkaline-earth-metal atoms in a square optical lattice with, on average, one atom per site, using a slave rotor mean-field approach. We find that the chiral spin liquid (CSL) predicted for N >= 5 and large interactions passes through a fractionalized state with a spinon Fermi surface as interactions are decreased before transitioning to a weakly interacting metal. We show that by adding a uniform artificial gauge field with 2 pi/N flux per plaquette, the CSL becomes the ground state for all N >= 3 at intermediate interactions, persists to weaker interactions, and exhibits a larger spin gap. For N >= 5 we find the CSL is the ground state everywhere the system is a Mott insulator. The gauge field stabilization of the CSL at lower interactions, and thus at weaker lattice depths, together with the increased spin gap, can relax the temperature constraints required for its experimental realization in ultracold atom systems. C1 [Chen, Gang] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Field Theory & Particle Phys, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Chen, Gang] Fudan Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.] Rice Univ, Rice Ctr Quantum Mat, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, NIST, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rey, Ana Maria; Hermele, Michael] Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hermele, Michael] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Field Theory & Particle Phys, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.; Chen, G (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM chggst@gmail.com FU AFOSRA; AFOSR-MURI; NSF [JILA-PFC-1125844, NSF-PIF-1211914]; NIST; ARO; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-10ER46686]; Simons Foundation [305008]; NSF I [PHY11-25915] FX This work was supported by the AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI, NSF JILA-PFC-1125844, NSF-PIF-1211914, NIST, and ARO (A.M.R.); the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under Award No. DE-FG02-10ER46686 (G.C. and M.H.); and Simons Foundation Grant No. 305008 (M.H. sabbatical support). G.C. acknowledges NSF Grant No. PHY11-25915 for supporting the visitor program at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics during the workshop "Frustrated Magnetism and Quantum Spin Liquids" in 2012, when and where part of the current work was done. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 9 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 6 AR 061601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.061601 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DO0VS UT WOS:000377497000001 ER PT J AU Jacox, MG Hazen, EL Bograd, SJ AF Jacox, Michael G. Hazen, Elliott L. Bograd, Steven J. TI Optimal Environmental Conditions and Anomalous Ecosystem Responses: Constraining Bottom-up Controls of Phytoplankton Biomass in the California Current System SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; OCEAN MODELING SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MONTEREY BAY; EL-NINO; UPWELLING SYSTEMS; WIND; INTENSIFICATION; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS AB In Eastern Boundary Current systems, wind-driven upwelling drives nutrient-rich water to the ocean surface, making these regions among the most productive on Earth. Regulation of productivity by changing wind and/or nutrient conditions can dramatically impact ecosystem functioning, though the mechanisms are not well understood beyond broad-scale relationships. Here, we explore bottom-up controls during the California Current System (CCS) upwelling season by quantifying the dependence of phytoplankton biomass (as indicated by satellite chlorophyll estimates) on two key environmental parameters: subsurface nitrate concentration and surface wind stress. In general, moderate winds and high nitrate concentrations yield maximal biomass near shore, while offshore biomass is positively correlated with subsurface nitrate concentration. However, due to nonlinear interactions between the influences of wind and nitrate, bottom-up control of phytoplankton cannot be described by either one alone, nor by a combined metric such as nitrate flux. We quantify optimal environmental conditions for phytoplankton, defined as the wind/nitrate space that maximizes chlorophyll concentration, and present a framework for evaluating ecosystem change relative to environmental drivers. The utility of this framework is demonstrated by (i) elucidating anomalous CCS responses in 1998-1999, 2002, and 2005, and (ii) providing a basis for assessing potential biological impacts of projected climate change. C1 [Jacox, Michael G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jacox, Michael G.; Hazen, Elliott L.; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Environm Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jacox, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Jacox, MG (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. EM mjacox@ucsc.edu FU NOAA's California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment program; NSF [OCE-1434732] FX We thank the ocean modeling group at UC Santa Cruz for providing the model output used for analysis herein (available from http://oceanmodeling.ucsc.edu). We are also grateful to Cisco Werner, Toby Garfield, and four anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This research was supported by NOAA's California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment program and NSF grant OCE-1434732. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JUN 9 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 27612 DI 10.1038/srep27612 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DN8VB UT WOS:000377356800001 PM 27278260 ER PT J AU Scott, JI Xue, X Wang, M Kline, RJ Hoffman, BC Dougherty, D Zhou, CZ Bazan, G O'Connor, BT AF Scott, Joshua I. Xue, Xiao Wang, Ming Kline, R. Joseph Hoffman, Benjamin C. Dougherty, Daniel Zhou, Chuanzhen Bazan, Guillermo O'Connor, Brendan T. TI Significantly Increasing the Ductility of High Performance Polymer Semiconductors through Polymer Blending SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE polymer semiconductors; blend films; vertical segregation; ductility; thin film transistors ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); HIGH-MOBILITY; STRETCHABLE TRANSISTORS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; MORPHOLOGY; ELECTRONICS; COPOLYMERS AB Polymer semiconductors based on donor-acceptor monomers have recently resulted in significant gains in field effect mobility in. organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). These polymers incorporate fused, aromatic rings and have been designed to have stiff planar backbones, resulting in strong intermolecular interactions, which subsequently result in stiff and brittle films. The complex synthesis typically required for these materials may also result in increased production costs. Thus, the development of methods to improve mechanical plasticity while lowering material consumption during fabrication will significantly improve opportunities for adoption in flexible and stretchable electronics. To achieve these goals, We consider blending a brittle donor acceptor polymer, poly[4-(4,4-dihexadecy1-4H-cydopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiophen-2-y1)-alt-[1,2,5] thiadiazolo [3,4-dpyridine] (PCDTPT), with ductile poly(Thexylthiophene). We found that the ductility of the blend films is significantly improved compared to that of neat PCDTPT films; and when the blend film is employed in an OTFT, the performance is largely maintained. The,ability to maintain charge transport character is due to vertical segregation within the blend, while the improved ductility is due to intermixing of the polyniers throughout the film thickness. Importantly, the application of large strains to the ductile films is shown to orient both, polymers, which further increases charge carrier mobility. These results highlight a processing approach to achieve high performance polymer OTFTs that are electrically and mechanically optimized. C1 [Scott, Joshua I.; Xue, Xiao; O'Connor, Brendan T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wang, Ming; Bazan, Guillermo] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Polymers & Organ Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hoffman, Benjamin C.; Dougherty, Daniel] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Organ & Carbon Elect Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zhou, Chuanzhen] N Carolina State Univ, Analyt Instrumentat Facil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP O'Connor, BT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM btoconno@ncsu.edu RI Bazan, Guillermo/B-7625-2014; Wang, Ming/S-8053-2016 OI Wang, Ming/0000-0003-4689-6538 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1200340, ECCS-1407885]; Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials (MC-CAM) FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grants CMMI-1200340 and ECCS-1407885. Research at UCSB for the synthesis of PCDTPT was supported through the Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials (MC-CAM). X-ray diffraction was carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. TOF-SIMS, XPS, and AFM were carried out at the Analytical Instrumentation Facility at North Carolina State University. We thank Prof. Jan Genzer's group at North Carolina State University for assistance with contact angle measurements. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 25 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUN 8 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 22 BP 14037 EP 14045 DI 10.1021/acsami.6b01852 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DO2WQ UT WOS:000377642100043 PM 27200458 ER PT J AU Zook, JM Catoe, D McDaniel, J Vang, L Spies, N Sidow, A Weng, ZM Liu, YL Mason, CE Alexander, N Henaff, E McIntyre, ABR Chandramohan, D Chen, F Jaeger, E Moshrefi, A Pham, K Stedman, W Liang, T Saghbini, M Dzakula, Z Hastie, A Cao, H Deikus, G Schadt, E Sebra, R Bashir, A Truty, RM Chang, CC Gulbahce, N Zhao, KY Ghosh, S Hyland, F Fu, YT Chaisson, M Xiao, CL Trow, J Sherry, ST Zaranek, AW Ball, M Bobe, J Estep, P Church, GM Marks, P Kyriazopoulou-Panagiotopoulou, S Zheng, GXY Schnall-Levin, M Ordonez, HS Mudivarti, PA Giorda, K Sheng, Y Rypdal, KB Salit, M AF Zook, Justin M. Catoe, David McDaniel, Jennifer Vang, Lindsay Spies, Noah Sidow, Arend Weng, Ziming Liu, Yuling Mason, Christopher E. Alexander, Noah Henaff, Elizabeth McIntyre, Alexa B. R. Chandramohan, Dhruva Chen, Feng Jaeger, Erich Moshrefi, Ali Khoa Pham Stedman, William Liang, Tiffany Saghbini, Michael Dzakula, Zeljko Hastie, Alex Cao, Han Deikus, Gintaras Schadt, Eric Sebra, Robert Bashir, Ali Truty, Rebecca M. Chang, Christopher C. Gulbahce, Natali Zhao, Keyan Ghosh, Srinka Hyland, Fiona Fu, Yutao Chaisson, Mark Xiao, Chunlin Trow, Jonathan Sherry, Stephen T. Zaranek, Alexander W. Ball, Madeleine Bobe, Jason Estep, Preston Church, George M. Marks, Patrick Kyriazopoulou-Panagiotopoulou, Sofia Zheng, Grace X. Y. Schnall-Levin, Michael Ordonez, Heather S. Mudivarti, Patrice A. Giorda, Kristina Sheng, Ying Rypdal, Karoline Bjarnesdatter Salit, Marc TI Extensive sequencing of seven human genomes to characterize benchmark reference materials SO SCIENTIFIC DATA LA English DT Article ID FRAMEWORK; READS AB The Genome in a Bottle Consortium, hosted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is creating reference materials and data for human genome sequencing, as well as methods for genome comparison and benchmarking. Here, we describe a large, diverse set of sequencing data for seven human genomes; five are current or candidate NIST Reference Materials. The pilot genome, NA12878, has been released as NIST RM 8398. We also describe data from two Personal Genome Project trios, one of Ashkenazim Jewish ancestry and one of Chinese ancestry. The data come from 12 technologies: BioNano Genomics, Complete Genomics paired-end and LFR, Ion Proton exome, Oxford Nanopore, Pacific Biosciences, SOLiD, 10X Genomics GemCode WGS, and Illumina exome and WGS paired-end, mate-pair, and synthetic long reads. Cell lines, DNA, and data from these individuals are publicly available. Therefore, we expect these data to be useful for revealing novel information about the human genome and improving sequencing technologies, SNP, indel, and structural variant calling, and de novo assembly. C1 [Zook, Justin M.; Catoe, David; McDaniel, Jennifer; Vang, Lindsay; Spies, Noah; Salit, Marc] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spies, Noah; Sidow, Arend; Weng, Ziming; Liu, Yuling; Salit, Marc] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mason, Christopher E.; Alexander, Noah; Henaff, Elizabeth; McIntyre, Alexa B. R.; Chandramohan, Dhruva] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Feil Family Brain & Mind Res Inst, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Mason, Christopher E.; Alexander, Noah; Henaff, Elizabeth; McIntyre, Alexa B. R.; Chandramohan, Dhruva] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsau, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Chen, Feng; Jaeger, Erich; Moshrefi, Ali] Illumina Mission Bay, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Khoa Pham; Stedman, William; Liang, Tiffany; Saghbini, Michael; Dzakula, Zeljko; Hastie, Alex; Cao, Han] BioNano Genom, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Deikus, Gintaras; Schadt, Eric; Sebra, Robert; Bashir, Ali; Bobe, Jason] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Truty, Rebecca M.; Chang, Christopher C.; Gulbahce, Natali] Complete Genom Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Zhao, Keyan; Ghosh, Srinka; Hyland, Fiona; Fu, Yutao] Thermo Fisher Sci, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Chaisson, Mark] Univ Washington, Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Xiao, Chunlin; Trow, Jonathan] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, 45 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Zaranek, Alexander W.; Ball, Madeleine; Bobe, Jason; Estep, Preston; Church, George M.] PersonalGenomes Org, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Estep, Preston; Church, George M.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Marks, Patrick; Kyriazopoulou-Panagiotopoulou, Sofia; Zheng, Grace X. Y.; Schnall-Levin, Michael; Ordonez, Heather S.; Mudivarti, Patrice A.; Giorda, Kristina] 10X Genom, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. [Sheng, Ying; Rypdal, Karoline Bjarnesdatter] Oslo Univ Hosp, Dept Med Genet, Kirkeveien 166,Bygg 25, N-0450 Oslo, Norway. RP Zook, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jzook@nist.gov FU Starr Cancer Consortium [I4-A442, I7-A765, I9-A9-071]; Irma T. Hirschl Trust; Monique Weill-Caulier Charitable Trust; Bert L and N Kuggie Vallee Foundation; WorldQuant Foundation; Pershing Square Sohn Cancer Research Alliance; NASA [NNX14AH50G]; National Institutes of Health [R25EB020393, R01NS076465] FX We thank members of the Genome in a Bottle Consortium for their feedback before and during this study. C.E.M. acknowledges funding from the Starr Cancer Consortium grant I4-A442, I7-A765, I9-A9-071), the Irma T. Hirschl and Monique Weill-Caulier Charitable Trusts, Bert L and N Kuggie Vallee Foundation and the WorldQuant Foundation (CEM), The Pershing Square Sohn Cancer Research Alliance, NASA (NNX14AH50G), and the National Institutes of Health (R25EB020393, R01NS076465). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper only to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2052-4463 J9 SCI DATA JI Sci. Data PD JUN 7 PY 2016 VL 3 AR UNSP 160025 DI 10.1038/sdata.2016.25 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EF3IE UT WOS:000390217200001 PM 27271295 ER PT J AU Krechmer, JE Pagonis, D Ziemann, PJ Jimenez, JL AF Krechmer, Jordan E. Pagonis, Demetrios Ziemann, Paul J. Jimenez, Jose L. TI Quantification of Gas-Wall Partitioning in Teflon Environmental Chambers Using Rapid Bursts of Low-Volatility Oxidized Species Generated in Situ SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC ORGANIC AEROSOL; RADICAL-INITIATED REACTIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; METHYL NITRITE; SULFURIC-ACID; VAPOR; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; PARTICLE; NITRATE AB Partitioning of gas-phase organic compounds to the walls of Teflon environmental chambers is a recently reported phenomenon than can affect the yields of reaction products and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) measured in laboratory experiments. Reported time scales for reaching gas wall partitioning (GWP) equilibrium (tau(GWE)) differ by up to 3 orders of magnitude, however, leading to predicted effects that vary from substantial to negligible. A new technique is demonstrated here in which semi- and low-volatility oxidized organic compounds (saturation concentration c* < 100 mu g m(-3)) were photochemically generated in rapid bursts in situ in an 8 m(3) environmental chamber, and then their decay in the absence of aerosol was measured using a high-resolution chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) equipped with an "inlet-less" NO3- ion source. Measured tau(GWE) were 7-13 min (rel. std. dev. 33%) for all compounds. The fraction of each compound that partitioned to the walls at equilibrium follows absorptive partitioning theory with an equivalent wall mass concentration in the range 0.3-10 mg m(-3). Measurements using a CIMS equipped with a standard ion-molecule reaction region showed large biases due to the contact of compounds with walls. On the basis of these results, a set of parameters is proposed for modeling GWP in chamber experiments. C1 [Krechmer, Jordan E.; Pagonis, Demetrios; Ziemann, Paul J.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Krechmer, Jordan E.; Pagonis, Demetrios; Ziemann, Paul J.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jose.jimenez@colorado.edu RI Krechmer, Jordan/C-9153-2016; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008 OI Krechmer, Jordan/0000-0003-3642-0659; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847 FU DOE (BER/ASR) [DE-SC0011105]; NOAA [NA13OAR4310063]; NSF [AGS-1243354]; CIRES; CU Graduate School; EPA STAR [FP-91770901-0] FX This work was supported by grants DOE (BER/ASR) DE-SC0011105, NOAA NA13OAR4310063, and NSF AGS-1243354. J.K. is grateful for fellowships from CIRES, CU Graduate School, and EPA STAR (FP-91770901-0). EPA has not reviewed this manuscript and thus no endorsement should be inferred. We thank Brett Palm of CU-Boulder, Renee McVay of Caltech, and Xuan Zhang of Aerodyne for helpful discussions on methods of calculating wall loss rates and time scales. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 20 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 7 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 11 BP 5757 EP 5765 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b00606 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO2SI UT WOS:000377629900041 PM 27138683 ER PT J AU Porch, CE Lauretta, MV AF Porch, Clay E. Lauretta, Matthew V. TI On Making Statistical Inferences Regarding the Relationship between Spawners and Recruits and the Irresolute Case of Western Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MEASUREMENT ERROR; STOCK; FISH; MODEL; AGE AB Forecasts of the future abundance of western Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) have, for nearly two decades, been based on two competing views of future recruitment potential: (1) a "low" recruitment scenario based on hockey-stick (two-line) curve where the expected level of recruitment is set equal to the geometric mean of the recruitment estimates for the years after a supposed regime-shift in 1975, and (2) a "high" recruitment scenario based on a Beverton-Holt curve fit to the time series of spawner-recruit pairs beginning in 1970. Several investigators inferred the relative plausibility of these two scenarios based on measures of their ability to fit estimates of spawning biomass and recruitment derived from stock assessment outputs. Typically, these comparisons have assumed the assessment estimates of spawning biomass are known without error. It is shown here that ignoring error in the spawning biomass estimates can predispose model-choice approaches to favor the regime-shift hypothesis over the Beverton-Holt curve with higher recruitment potential. When the variance of the observation error approaches that which is typically estimated for assessment outputs, the same model-choice approaches tend to favor the single Beverton-Holt curve. For this and other reasons, it is argued that standard model-choice approaches are insufficient to make the case for a regime shift in the recruitment dynamics of western Atlantic bluefin tuna. A more fruitful course of action may be to move away from the current high/low recruitment dichotomy and focus instead on adopting biological reference points and management procedures that are robust to these and other sources of uncertainty. C1 [Porch, Clay E.; Lauretta, Matthew V.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Porch, CE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. EM Clay.Porch@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 7 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 6 AR e0156767 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0156767 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DO1TC UT WOS:000377561000035 PM 27272215 ER PT J AU Sun, L Akgun, B Hu, RF Browning, JF Wu, DT Foster, MD AF Sun, Liang Akgun, Bulent Hu, Renfeng Browning, James F. Wu, David T. Foster, Mark D. TI Scaling Behavior and Segment Concentration Profile of Densely Grafted Polymer Brushes Swollen in Vapor SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; MONOLAYERS; POLYELECTROLYTE; INTERFACES; DENSITY AB The scaling of the thickness, h(s), of a densely grafted polymer brush of chain length N and grafting density sigma swollen in vapor agrees quantitatively with the scaling reported by Kuhl et al. for densely grafted brushes swollen in liquid. Deep in the brush, next to the substrate, the shape of the segment concentration profile is the same whether the brush is swollen by liquid or by vapor. Differences in the segment concentration profile are manifested primarily in the swollen brush interface with the surrounding fluid. The interface of the polymer brush swollen in vapor is much more abrupt than that of the same brush swollen in liquid. This has implications for the compressibility of the swollen brush surface and for fluctuations at that surface. C1 [Sun, Liang; Foster, Mark D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem, Istanbul, Turkey. [Hu, Renfeng; Wu, David T.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Hu, Renfeng; Wu, David T.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Hu, Renfeng] Adv Res Ctr Nanolithog ARCNL, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Browning, James F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Foster, MD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM mdf1@uakron.edu RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX Hyungjin Lee assisted with NR measurements. Research performed at the Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 7 PY 2016 VL 32 IS 22 BP 5623 EP 5628 DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00845 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DO2SW UT WOS:000377631300020 PM 27172089 ER PT J AU Armano, M Audley, H Auger, G Baird, JT Bassan, M Binetruy, P Born, M Bortoluzzi, D Brandt, N Caleno, M Carbone, L Cavalleri, A Cesarini, A Ciani, G Congedo, G Cruise, AM Danzmann, K Silva, MD De Rosa, R Diaz-Aguilo, M Di Fiore, L Diepholz, I Dixon, G Dolesi, R Dunbar, N Ferraioli, L Ferroni, V Fichter, W Fitzsimons, ED Flatscher, R Freschi, M Marin, AFG Marirrodriga, CG Gerndt, R Gesa, L Gibert, F Giardini, D Giusteri, R Guzman, F Grado, A Grimani, C Grynagier, A Grzymisch, J Harrison, I Heinzel, G Hewitson, M Hollington, D Hoyland, D Hueller, M Inchauspe, H Jennrich, O Jetzer, P Johann, U Johlander, B Karnesis, N Kaune, B Korsakova, N Killow, CJ Lobo, JA Lloro, I Liu, L Lopez-Zaragoza, JP Maarschalkerweerd, R Mance, D Martin, V Martin-Polo, L Martino, J Martin-Porqueras, F Madden, S Mateos, I McNamara, PW Mendes, J Mendes, L Monsky, A Nicolodi, D Nofrarias, M Paczkowski, S Perreur-Lloyd, M Petiteau, A Pivato, P Plagnol, E Prat, P Ragnit, U Rais, B Ramos-Castro, J Reiche, J Robertson, DI Rozemeijer, H Rivas, F Russano, G Sanjuan, J Sarra, P Schleicher, A Shaul, D Slutsky, J Sopuerta, CF Stanga, R Steier, F Sumner, T Texier, D Thorpe, JI Trenkel, C Trobs, M Tu, HB Vetrugno, D Vitale, S Wand, V Wanner, G Ward, H Warren, C Wass, PJ Wealthy, D Weber, WJ Wissel, L Wittchen, A Zambotti, A Zanoni, C Ziegler, T Zweifel, P AF Armano, M. Audley, H. Auger, G. Baird, J. T. Bassan, M. Binetruy, P. Born, M. Bortoluzzi, D. Brandt, N. Caleno, M. Carbone, L. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. Ciani, G. Congedo, G. Cruise, A. M. Danzmann, K. de Deus Silva, M. De Rosa, R. Diaz-Aguilo, M. Di Fiore, L. Diepholz, I. Dixon, G. Dolesi, R. Dunbar, N. Ferraioli, L. Ferroni, V. Fichter, W. Fitzsimons, E. D. Flatscher, R. Freschi, M. Marin, A. F. Garcia Marirrodriga, C. Garcia Gerndt, R. Gesa, L. Gibert, F. Giardini, D. Giusteri, R. Guzman, F. Grado, A. Grimani, C. Grynagier, A. Grzymisch, J. Harrison, I. Heinzel, G. Hewitson, M. Hollington, D. Hoyland, D. Hueller, M. Inchauspe, H. Jennrich, O. Jetzer, P. Johann, U. Johlander, B. Karnesis, N. Kaune, B. Korsakova, N. Killow, C. J. Lobo, J. A. Lloro, I. Liu, L. Lopez-Zaragoza, J. P. Maarschalkerweerd, R. Mance, D. Martin, V. Martin-Polo, L. Martino, J. Martin-Porqueras, F. Madden, S. Mateos, I. McNamara, P. W. Mendes, J. Mendes, L. Monsky, A. Nicolodi, D. Nofrarias, M. Paczkowski, S. Perreur-Lloyd, M. Petiteau, A. Pivato, P. Plagnol, E. Prat, P. Ragnit, U. Rais, B. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, J. Robertson, D. I. Rozemeijer, H. Rivas, F. Russano, G. Sanjuan, J. Sarra, P. Schleicher, A. Shaul, D. Slutsky, J. Sopuerta, C. F. Stanga, R. Steier, F. Sumner, T. Texier, D. Thorpe, J. I. Trenkel, C. Troebs, M. Tu, H. B. Vetrugno, D. Vitale, S. Wand, V. Wanner, G. Ward, H. Warren, C. Wass, P. J. Wealthy, D. Weber, W. J. Wissel, L. Wittchen, A. Zambotti, A. Zanoni, C. Ziegler, T. Zweifel, P. TI Sub-Femto-g Free Fall for Space-Based Gravitational Wave Observatories: LISA Pathfinder Results SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETER; MISSION AB We report the first results of the LISA Pathfinder in-flight experiment. The results demonstrate that two free-falling reference test masses, such as those needed for a space-based gravitational wave observatory like LISA, can be put in free fall with a relative acceleration noise with a square root of the power spectral density of 5.2 +/- 0.1 fm s(-2)/root Hz, or (0.54 +/- 0.01) x 10(-15) g/root Hz, with g the standard gravity, for frequencies between 0.7 and 20 mHz. This value is lower than the LISA Pathfinder requirement by more than a factor 5 and within a factor 1.25 of the requirement for the LISA mission, and is compatible with Brownian noise from viscous damping due to the residual gas surrounding the test masses. Above 60 mHz the acceleration noise is dominated by interferometer displacement readout noise at a level of (34.8 +/- 0.3) fm/root Hz, about 2 orders of magnitude better than requirements. At f <= 0.5 mHz we observe a low-frequency tail that stays below 12 fm s(-2)/root Hz down to 0.1 mHz. This performance would allow for a space-based gravitational wave observatory with a sensitivity close to what was originally foreseen for LISA. C1 [Armano, M.; de Deus Silva, M.; Freschi, M.; Martin-Polo, L.; Martin-Porqueras, F.; Mendes, L.; Texier, D.] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28692, Spain. [Audley, H.; Born, M.; Danzmann, K.; Diepholz, I.; Marin, A. F. Garcia; Guzman, F.; Heinzel, G.; Hewitson, M.; Karnesis, N.; Kaune, B.; Korsakova, N.; Monsky, A.; Paczkowski, S.; Reiche, J.; Steier, F.; Troebs, M.; Wand, V.; Wanner, G.; Wissel, L.; Wittchen, A.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, Callinstr 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Audley, H.; Born, M.; Danzmann, K.; Diepholz, I.; Marin, A. F. Garcia; Guzman, F.; Heinzel, G.; Hewitson, M.; Karnesis, N.; Kaune, B.; Korsakova, N.; Monsky, A.; Paczkowski, S.; Reiche, J.; Steier, F.; Troebs, M.; Wand, V.; Wanner, G.; Wissel, L.; Wittchen, A.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Callinstr 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Auger, G.; Binetruy, P.; Inchauspe, H.; Martino, J.; Petiteau, A.; Plagnol, E.; Prat, P.; Rais, B.] Univ Paris Diderot, APC, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,CEA lrfu,Obs Paris, Paris, France. [Baird, J. T.; Hollington, D.; Shaul, D.; Sumner, T.; Wass, P. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Dept Phys, High Energy Phys Grp, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BW, England. [Bassan, M.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Bassan, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Zambotti, A.; Zanoni, C.] Univ Trento, Dept Ind Engn, Via Sommarive 9, I-38123 Trento, Italy. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Zambotti, A.; Zanoni, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, Trento, Italy. [Brandt, N.; Flatscher, R.; Gerndt, R.; Johann, U.; Schleicher, A.; Ziegler, T.] Airbus Def & Space, Claude Dornier Str, D-88090 Immenstaad, Germany. [Caleno, M.; Marirrodriga, C. Garcia; Grzymisch, J.; Jennrich, O.; Johlander, B.; Madden, S.; McNamara, P. W.; Ragnit, U.; Rozemeijer, H.] European Space Agcy, European Space Technol Ctr, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Carbone, L.; Cesarini, A.; Ciani, G.; Congedo, G.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Gibert, F.; Giusteri, R.; Hueller, M.; Liu, L.; Nicolodi, D.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vetrugno, D.; Vitale, S.; Weber, W. J.] Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Carbone, L.; Cesarini, A.; Ciani, G.; Congedo, G.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Gibert, F.; Giusteri, R.; Hueller, M.; Liu, L.; Nicolodi, D.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vetrugno, D.; Vitale, S.; Weber, W. J.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Cavalleri, A.] Fdn Bruno Kessler, CNR, Ist Foton & Nanotecnol, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Cruise, A. M.; Dixon, G.; Hoyland, D.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [De Rosa, R.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [De Rosa, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Diaz-Aguilo, M.; Gesa, L.; Lobo, J. A.; Lloro, I.; Lopez-Zaragoza, J. P.; Martin, V.; Mateos, I.; Nofrarias, M.; Rivas, F.; Sanjuan, J.; Sopuerta, C. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Campus UAB,Carrer Can Magrans S-N, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Spain. [Di Fiore, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Dunbar, N.; Trenkel, C.; Warren, C.; Wealthy, D.] Airbus Def & Space, Gunnels Wood Rd, Stevenage SG1 2AS, Herts, England. [Ferraioli, L.; Giardini, D.; Mance, D.; Zweifel, P.] ETH, Inst Geophys, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Fichter, W.; Grynagier, A.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Flugmechan & Flugregelung, Pfaffenwaldring 27, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Fitzsimons, E. D.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Grado, A.] Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Grado, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Grimani, C.] Univ Urbino Carlo Bo, DISPEA, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Via S Chiara 27, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. [Harrison, I.; Maarschalkerweerd, R.; Mendes, J.] European Space Agcy, European Space Operat Ctr, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. [Jetzer, P.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Killow, C. J.; Perreur-Lloyd, M.; Robertson, D. I.; Ward, H.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, Inst Gravitat Res, SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Ramos-Castro, J.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Elect Engn, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Sarra, P.] CGS SpA, Compagnia Generale Spazio, Via Gallarate 150, I-20151 Milan, Italy. [Slutsky, J.; Thorpe, J. I.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gravitat Astrophys Lab, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stanga, R.] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Stanga, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Ciani, G.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Congedo, G.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Marin, A. F. Garcia; Monsky, A.; Steier, F.] OHB Syst AG, Univ Allee 27-29, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Guzman, F.] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guzman, F.] Univ Maryland, JQI, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grynagier, A.] Thales Alenia Space, 5 All Gabians,BP 99, F-06156 Cannes, France. [Nicolodi, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sanjuan, J.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Robert Hooke Str 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Tu, H. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, 340 Xudong St, Wuhan 430077, Peoples R China. [Wand, V.] Jena Optronik GmbH, Otto Eppenstein Str 3, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Armano, M (reprint author), European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28692, Spain. RI Pivato, Paolo/K-6641-2015; Weber, William/H-4351-2012; Nofrarias, Miquel/N-6249-2015; Wass, Peter/C-5767-2017; Ciani, Giacomo/G-1036-2011; Vitale, Stefano/C-2312-2012; OI Pivato, Paolo/0000-0003-2691-5236; Weber, William/0000-0003-1536-2410; Nofrarias, Miquel/0000-0003-1518-2196; Wass, Peter/0000-0002-2945-399X; Ciani, Giacomo/0000-0003-4258-9338; Vitale, Stefano/0000-0002-2427-8918; Zanoni, Carlo/0000-0002-5767-9064; F. Sopuerta, Carlos/0000-0002-1779-4447; Vetrugno, Daniele/0000-0003-0937-1468 FU CNES [CNES 1316634/CNRS 103747]; CNRS; Observatoire de Paris; University Paris-Diderot; UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite [ANR-10-LABX-0023, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02]; German Space Agency, DLR; Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy based on a resolution of the German Bundestag [FKZ 50OQ0501, FKZ 50OQ1601]; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; MICINN [AYA2010-15709]; MINECO [ESP2013-47637-P, ESP2015-67234-P]; Fundacion General CSIC (Programa ComFuturo); Formacion de Personal Investigador (MINECO); Swiss Space Office (SSO) via the PRODEX Programme of ESA; Swiss National Science Foundation; United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA); University of Glasgow; University of Birmingham, Imperial College; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA); U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX The French contribution has been supported by CNES (Accord Specific de projet CNES 1316634/CNRS 103747), the CNRS, the Observatoire de Paris and the University Paris-Diderot. E. P. and H. I. would also like to acknowledge the financial support of the UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02).; The Albert-Einstein-Institut acknowledges the support of the German Space Agency, DLR. The work is supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy based on a resolution of the German Bundestag (FKZ 50OQ0501 and FKZ 50OQ1601).; The Italian contribution has been supported by Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare.; The Spanish contribution has been supported by Contracts No. AYA2010-15709 (MICINN), No. ESP2013-47637-P, and No. ESP2015-67234-P (MINECO). M. N. acknowledges support from Fundacion General CSIC (Programa ComFuturo). F. R. acknowledges support from a Formacion de Personal Investigador (MINECO) contract.; The Swiss contribution acknowledges the support of the Swiss Space Office (SSO) via the PRODEX Programme of ESA. L. F. acknowledges the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation.; The UK groups wish to acknowledge support from the United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA), the University of Glasgow, the University of Birmingham, Imperial College, and the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA).; J. I. T. and J. S. acknowledge the support of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 7 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 23 AR 231101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.231101 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DN8OI UT WOS:000377338100005 PM 27341221 ER PT J AU Siedlecki, SA Kaplan, IC Hermann, AJ Nguyen, TT Bond, NA Newton, JA Williams, GD Peterson, WT Alin, SR Feely, RA AF Siedlecki, Samantha A. Kaplan, Isaac C. Hermann, Albert J. Thanh Tam Nguyen Bond, Nicholas A. Newton, Jan A. Williams, Gregory D. Peterson, William T. Alin, Simone R. Feely, Richard A. TI Experiments with Seasonal Forecasts of ocean conditions for the Northern region of the California Current upwelling system SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SKILL ASSESSMENT; OREGON SHELF; TUNA HABITAT; VERSION 2; EL-NINO; CLIMATE; ECOSYSTEM; MANAGEMENT AB Resource managers at the state, federal, and tribal levels make decisions on a weekly to quarterly basis, and fishers operate on a similar timeframe. To determine the potential of a support tool for these efforts, a seasonal forecast system is experimented with here. JISAO's Seasonal Coastal Ocean Prediction of the Ecosystem (J-SCOPE) features dynamical downscaling of regional ocean conditions in Washington and Oregon waters using a combination of a high-resolution regional model with biogeochemistry and forecasts from NOAA's Climate Forecast System (CFS). Model performance and predictability were examined for sea surface temperature (SST), bottom temperature, bottom oxygen, pH, and aragonite saturation state through model hindcasts, reforecast, and forecast comparisons with observations. Results indicate J-SCOPE forecasts have measurable skill on seasonal timescales. Experiments suggest that seasonal forecasting of ocean conditions important for fisheries is possible with the right combination of components. Those components include regional predictability on seasonal timescales of the physical environment from a large-scale model, a high-resolution regional model with biogeochemistry that simulates seasonal conditions in hindcasts, a relationship with local stakeholders, and a real-time observational network. Multiple efforts and approaches in different regions would advance knowledge to provide additional tools to fishers and other stakeholders. C1 [Siedlecki, Samantha A.; Hermann, Albert J.; Thanh Tam Nguyen; Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672,3737 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kaplan, Isaac C.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hermann, Albert J.; Bond, Nicholas A.; Alin, Simone R.; Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Newton, Jan A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St,Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Williams, Gregory D.] NOAA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Peterson, William T.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Siedlecki, SA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672,3737 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM siedlesa@uw.edu FU University of Washington eScience Institute; NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program; NOAA NWFSC; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program FX Computations were done on the University of Washington Hyak supercomputer system, supported in part by the University of Washington eScience Institute. This project builds on the work from the PNWTOX project and the Coastal Modeling Group at the University of Washington including, Parker MacCready, Neil Banas, and colleagues. We would like to thank Dana Greeley for aid with visualizations and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews. The NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program and NOAA NWFSC provided funding, and some of this work was leveraged from the U.S. IOOS award to NANOOS. The NOAA Ocean Acidification Program supported SA and RF. Data were provided by multiple sources, including NANOOS, the Olympic Coastal Marine Sanctuary, NOAA PMEL, NOAA NWFSC, and Mike Kosro for NH10. NOAA data is available from CDIAC (http://cdiac.ornl.gov). Data from Newport is available upon request by emailing Bill Peterson (bill.peterson@noaa.gov), and for the NH10 temperature moored time series, that is available upon request by emailing Mike Kosro (kosro@coas.oregonstate.edu). Data from the OCNMS is available on their website http://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/science/oceanography/oceanographic_moorings /oceanographic_moorings_data.html). This is PMEL contribution number 4395 and JISAO contribution number 2709. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JUN 7 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 27203 DI 10.1038/srep27203 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DO3FE UT WOS:000377665200001 PM 27273473 ER PT J AU Kelly, M Sim-Smith, C Stone, R Samaai, T Reiswig, H Austin, W AF Kelly, Michelle Sim-Smith, Carina Stone, Robert Samaai, Toufiek Reiswig, Henry Austin, William TI New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Porifera; Aleutian Islands; British Columbia; Endeavour Ridge; Gulf of Alaska; New Zealand; North Pacific; Southwest Pacific; Latrunculia; Biannulata; Bomba; Uniannulata; Latrunclava; new genus; new subgenus; new species ID NEW-ZEALAND; SPONGE FAUNA; PORIFERA-DEMOSPONGIAE; SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA; GENUS LATRUNCULIA; NEW-CALEDONIA; PACIFIC; LITHISTIDA; PLEROMIDAE; REVISION AB Extensive new collections of latrunculid sponges from British Columbia, the Aleutian Islands, and the Gulf of Alaska, have extended the distributions of known species Latrunculia oparinae Samaai & Krasokhin, 2002, from the Russian Sea of Okhotsk, L. velera Lehnert et al., 2006, from the Aleutian Islands, and L. austini Samaai et al., 2006, from British Columbia. New material has facilitated detailed re-descriptions of these species and in situ images have improved our understanding of their living morphology and ecology. Several new species of Latrunculia were discovered within these collections: sympatric species Latrunculia hamanni sp. nov. and L. oparinae are described here and differentiated from each other by various field characteristics, and L. lincfreesei sp. nov. is described from the Gulf of Alaska. In terms of their higher systematics, L. austini and L. hamanni sp. nov. are recognisable within the subgenus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869, and L. lincfreesei sp. nov. in subgenus Biannulata Samaai et al., 2006. A third subgenus, Uniannulata subgen. nov., is proposed for L. oparinae, L. velera and several fossil species in southern New Zealand and Western Australian Eocene fossiliferous sediments. In all of these species the subsidiary whorl, apical whorl, and apex of the anisodiscorhabd are fused. Living species of Uniannulata subgen. nov. are thus far restricted to the North Pacific Ocean. A new genus, Bomba gen. nov., is proposed for a rare latrunculid species, Bomba endeavourensis gen. et sp. nov., discovered in deep waters on British Columbia's Endeavour Ridge. Finally, Latrunclava gen. nov. is proposed for species with long, sceptre-like anisoconicorhabds in addition to the typical, smaller anisodiscorhabds; Latrunclava imago gen. et sp. nov. is described from the central Aleutian Islands. C1 [Kelly, Michelle; Sim-Smith, Carina] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA Ltd, Coasts & Oceans Natl Ctr, Private Bag 99940, Auckland 1149, New Zealand. [Stone, Robert] NOAA Fisheries, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Samaai, Toufiek] Dept Environm Affairs DEA, Oceans & Coasts Branch, Marine Biodiversity & Ecosyst Res Private Bag X2, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa. [Reiswig, Henry] Univ Victoria, Biol Dept, POB 3020 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Reiswig, Henry] Royal British Columbia Museum, Nat Hist Sect, POB 3020 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Austin, William] Marine Ecol Ctr, 9245 Hartfell Ave, North Saanich, BC V8L 5G5, Canada. [Austin, William] Khoyatan Marine Lab, 9245 Hartfell Ave, North Saanich, BC V8L 5G5, Canada. RP Kelly, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA Ltd, Coasts & Oceans Natl Ctr, Private Bag 99940, Auckland 1149, New Zealand. EM michelle.kelly@niwa.co.nz; carina.simsmith@niwa.co.nz; bob.stone@noaa.gov; tsamaai@environment.gov.za; hmreiswig@shaw.ca; baustin@mareco.org FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (Auke Bay Laboratories); NIWA under Coasts and Oceans Research Programme 2 Marine Biological Resources: Discovery and definition of the marine biota of New Zealand [2013/2014 SCI]; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (RACE Division) FX Fieldwork in the Gulf of Alaska was funded by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (Auke Bay Laboratories and RACE Division); we are grateful to Dr Mark T. Hamann, School of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, for bringing this new material to our attention, for supplying specimens for identification and documentation. Mary Sue Brancato and Ed Bowlby, Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, and James Pegg, Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, provided specimens, images, and distributions of L. austini. Neil McDaniel supplied material and images from shallower waters along the British Columbian coastline. Dr Helmut Lehnert, Oberottmarshausen, Germany and Drs Eduardo Hajdu and Guilherme Muricy, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, kindly permitted us the use their SEM images of anisodiscorhabds of North Pacific Latrunculia velera, Chilean L. ciruela, L. copihuensis, L. verenae, and L. yepayek, and Brazilian Latrunculia (Biannulata) janeirensis. Jean Vacelet and Astrid Schuster provided French and German translations, respectively, and Dr Vacelet provided SEMs of Neopodospongia carlinae for Fig. 5. Daphne Lee, University of Otago and John Simes of GNS assisted with fossil locality information and for general assistance with palaeontological matters, and John Rosser MA (Doub. Hons), LTCL, Auckland, assisted us with selection of and correct form of new genus and species names. We are very grateful to Dr Carsten Luter, Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, for finding and loaning rare specimens and slides of Latrunculia tricincta and L. triloba. Finally, MK is grateful to Dr Michael Ellwood, Canberra, Dr Rob van Soest, Netherlands, Professor John Buckeridge, and Dr Daphne Lee, Dunedin, for discussions on the amphipolar distribution of Latrunculia. This research was funded by NIWA under Coasts and Oceans Research Programme 2 Marine Biological Resources: Discovery and definition of the marine biota of New Zealand (2013/2014 SCI). NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 7 PY 2016 VL 4121 IS 1 BP 1 EP 48 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.1.1 PG 48 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DN5PL UT WOS:000377122500001 PM 27395201 ER PT J AU Shah, M Franaszek, M Cheok, G AF Shah, Mili Franaszek, Marek Cheok, Geraldine TI Propagation of Error from Registration Parameters to Transformed Data SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration; propagation of error; registration; uncertainty analysis ID POINT-BASED REGISTRATION; CLOSED-FORM SOLUTION; QUATERNIONS; ROBUSTNESS AB Methods to register two sets of data have existed for quite some time. However, these sets of data are rarely error-free. Consequently, any registration based on this data will be affected by the error. Moreover, if the corresponding registration matrix is then used to transform data from one coordinate system to another, any error from the registration will also get propagated to the transformed data. In this paper, we will characterize this propagation of random error, or noise, through a mathematical perspective and will illustrate its use with data obtained from physical experiments and with quasi-simulated sets of data. In addition, we will discuss the limitations of this propagation of error when systematic bias is present in the data. C1 [Shah, Mili] Loyola Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. [Franaszek, Marek] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cheok, Geraldine] NIST, Sensing & Percept Grp, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shah, M (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. EM mishah@loyola.edu; marek@nist.gov; cheok@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUN 6 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 196 EP 221 DI 10.6028/jres.121.009 PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ5BJ UT WOS:000379219100001 ER PT J AU Smallwood, CL Miller, TL Zhang, WT Kaindl, RA Lanzara, A AF Smallwood, Christopher L. Miller, Tristan L. Zhang, Wentao Kaindl, Robert A. Lanzara, Alessandra TI Nonequilibrium electron dynamics in a solid with a changing nodal excitation gap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; QUASI-PARTICLE; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTOR; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; METALS; RELAXATION; LIFETIMES; THERMALIZATION; TRANSITION; COHERENCE AB We develop a computationally inexpensive model to examine the dynamics of boson-assisted electron relaxation in solids, studying nonequilibrium dynamics in a metal, in a nodal superconductor with a stationary density of states, and in a nodal superconductor where the gap dynamically opens. In the metallic system, the electron population resembles a thermal population at all times, but the presence of even a fixed nodal gap both invalidates a purely thermal treatment and sharply curtails relaxation rates. For a gap that is allowed to open as electron relaxation proceeds, effects are even more pronounced, and gap dynamics become coupled to the dynamics of the electron population. Comparisons to experiments reveal that phase-space restrictions in the presence of a gap are likely to play a significant role in the widespread observation of coexisting femtosecond and picosecond dynamics in the cuprate high-temperature superconductors. C1 [Smallwood, Christopher L.; Miller, Tristan L.; Zhang, Wentao; Kaindl, Robert A.; Lanzara, Alessandra] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smallwood, Christopher L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smallwood, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, Tristan L.; Zhang, Wentao; Lanzara, Alessandra] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Wentao] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. RP Smallwood, CL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Smallwood, CL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Smallwood, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM chris.smallwood@colorado.edu; alanzara@lbl.gov RI ZHANG, Wentao/B-3626-2011; Smallwood, Christopher/D-4925-2011 OI Smallwood, Christopher/0000-0002-4103-8748 FU Ultrafast Materials Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NRC Research Associateship award at NIST FX We thank A. F. Kemper, J. Orenstein, D.-H. Lee, J. P. Hinton, and Z. Tao for useful discussions, and H. Eisaki for providing material samples. This work was supported as part of the Ultrafast Materials Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. C.L.S. acknowledges partial support from an NRC Research Associateship award at NIST. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 6 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 23 AR 235107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.235107 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DN8AB UT WOS:000377300200001 ER PT J AU Connor, HK Zesta, E Fedrizzi, M Shi, Y Raeder, J Codrescu, MV Fuller-Rowell, TJ AF Connor, Hyunju Kim Zesta, Eftyhia Fedrizzi, Mariangel Shi, Yong Raeder, Joachim Codrescu, Mihail V. Fuller-Rowell, Tim J. TI Modeling the ionosphere-thermosphere response to a geomagnetic storm using physics-based magnetospheric energy input: OpenGGCM-CTIM results SO JOURNAL OF SPACE WEATHER AND SPACE CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Space Weather; Magnetosphere; Ionosphere; Thermosphere; Modeling ID DENSITY ENHANCEMENT; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PRECIPITATION; CONDUCTANCE; FLUX; SIMULATION; AURORA AB The magnetosphere is a major source of energy for the Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere (IT) system. Current IT models drive the upper atmosphere using empirically calculated magnetospheric energy input. Thus, they do not sufficiently capture the storm-time dynamics, particularly at high latitudes. To improve the prediction capability of IT models, a physics-based magnetospheric input is necessary. Here, we use the Open Global General Circulation Model (OpenGGCM) coupled with the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Model (CTIM). OpenGGCM calculates a three-dimensional global magnetosphere and a two-dimensional high-latitude ionosphere by solving resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with solar wind input. CTIM calculates a global thermosphere and a high-latitude ionosphere in three dimensions using realistic magnetospheric inputs from the OpenGGCM. We investigate whether the coupled model improves the storm-time IT responses by simulating a geomagnetic storm that is preceded by a strong solar wind pressure front on August 24, 2005. We compare the OpenGGCM-CTIM results with low-earth-orbit satellite observations and with the model results of Coupled Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Plasmasphere electrodynamics (CTIPe). CTIPe is an up-to-date version of CTIM that incorporates more IT dynamics such as a low-latitude ionosphere and a plasmasphere, but uses empirical magnetospheric input. OpenGGCM-CTIM reproduces localized neutral density peaks at similar to 400 km altitude in the high-latitude dayside regions in agreement with in situ observations during the pressure shock and the early phase of the storm. Although CTIPe is in some sense a much superior model than CTIM, it misses these localized enhancements. Unlike the CTIPe empirical input models, OpenGGCM-CTIM more faithfully produces localized increases of both auroral precipitation and ionospheric electric fields near the high-latitude dayside region after the pressure shock and after the storm onset, which in turn effectively heats the thermosphere and causes the neutral density increase at 400 km altitude. C1 [Connor, Hyunju Kim; Zesta, Eftyhia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 674,Bldg 21,Room 218, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fedrizzi, Mariangel; Codrescu, Mihail V.; Fuller-Rowell, Tim J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shi, Yong] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Raeder, Joachim] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Connor, HK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 674,Bldg 21,Room 218, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM hyunju.k.connor@nasa.gov FU National Science Foundation [1331368, AGS-1143895]; NASA Heliophysics Supporting Research program [13-SRITM13_2-0011]; Air Force Office of Sponsored Research [FA95501210264]; NSF MRI program [PHY-1229408] FX The work by H. K. Connor was supported by the National Science Foundation under Award No. 1331368 and by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The work by E. Zesta and Y. Shi was supported by Grant 13-SRITM13_2-0011 from NASA Heliophysics Supporting Research program. The work by Dr. Raeder was supported by Grant FA95501210264 from the Air Force Office of Sponsored Research and by Grant AGS-1143895 from the National Science Foundation. Computations were performed on Trillian, a Cary XE6m-200 supercomputer at UNH supported by the NSF MRI program under Grant PHY-1229408. H. K. Connor thanks C. Y. Huang and Y.-J. Su for useful discussions. The editor thanks two anonymous referees for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 14 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2115-7251 J9 J SPACE WEATHER SPAC JI J. Space Weather Space Clim. PD JUN 6 PY 2016 VL 6 AR A25 DI 10.1051/swsc/2016019 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN4WC UT WOS:000377066900001 ER PT J AU Bucher, EH Stein, AF AF Bucher, Enrique H. Stein, Ariel F. TI Large Salt Dust Storms Follow a 30-Year Rainfall Cycle in the Mar Chiquita Lake (Cordoba, Argentina) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SEA; CALIFORNIA AB Starting in 2006, a new source of intense salt dust storms developed in Mar Chiquita (Cordoba, Argentina), the largest saline lake in South America. Storms originate from vastmudflats left by a 30-year expansion-retreat cycle of the lake due to changes in the regional rainfall regime. The annual frequency of salt dust storms correlated with the size of the salt mudflats. Events were restricted to the coldest months, and reached up to 800 km from the source. Occurrence of dust storms was associated with specific surface colors and textures easily identifiable in satellite images. High-emission surfaces were characterized by the presence of sodium sulfate hydrous/anhydrous crystals (mirabilite and thenardite), and a superficial and variable water table, which may result in the periodic development of a characteristic "fluffy" surface derived from salt precipitation-dissolution processes. HYSPLIT model simulation estimates a deposition maximum near the sources (of about 2.5 kg/ha/yr), and a decreasing trend from the emission area outwards, except for the relative secondary maximum modeled over the mountain ranges in southern Bolivia and northern Argentina due to an orographic effect. The 2009 total deposition of salt dust generated in Mar Chiquita was estimated at 6.5 million tons. C1 [Bucher, Enrique H.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, CONICET, Inst Diversidad & Ecol Anim, Rondeau 798, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Bucher, Enrique H.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis & Nat, Ctr Zool Aplicada, Rondeau 798, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Stein, Ariel F.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, NCWCP, Room 4205,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Bucher, EH (reprint author), Univ Nacl Cordoba, CONICET, Inst Diversidad & Ecol Anim, Rondeau 798, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina.; Bucher, EH (reprint author), Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis & Nat, Ctr Zool Aplicada, Rondeau 798, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. EM buchereh@gmail.com RI Stein, Ariel/L-9724-2014 OI Stein, Ariel/0000-0002-9560-9198 FU NASA/HQ FX We acknowledge the use of Rapid Response imagery from the Land, Atmosphere Near realtime Capability for EOS (LANCE) system operated by the NASA/GSFC/Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) with funding provided by NASA/HQ. We are also grateful to the Municipality of Miramar, Cordoba, Argentina for providing research infrastructure in Mar Chiquita, and also thank Fantine Ngan for help with the HYSPLIT graphics. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 3 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 6 AR e0156672 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0156672 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DN8ZV UT WOS:000377369700100 PM 27258088 ER PT J AU Gummadidala, PM Chen, YP Beauchesne, KR Miller, KP Mitra, C Banaszek, N Velez-Martinez, M Moeller, PDR Ferry, JL Decho, AW Chanda, A AF Gummadidala, Phani M. Chen, Yung Pin Beauchesne, Kevin R. Miller, Kristen P. Mitra, Chandrani Banaszek, Nora Velez-Martinez, Michelle Moeller, Peter D. R. Ferry, John L. Decho, Alan W. Chanda, Anindya TI Aflatoxin-Exposure of Vibrio gazogenes as a Novel System for the Generation of Aflatoxin Synthesis Inhibitors SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxins; Vibrio gazogenes; Aspergillus parasiticus; aflatoxin response metabolites (ARMS); natural products ID FUNGAL SECONDARY METABOLISM; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS GROWTH; REDUCTION STRATEGIES; PARASITICUS; VOLATILES; BIOSYNTHESIS; BACTERIUM; CONTAMINATION; BIOCONTROL; EXPRESSION AB Aflatoxin is a mycotoxin and a secondary metabolite, and the most potent known liver carcinogen that contaminates several important crops, and represents a significant threat to public health and the economy. Available approaches reported thus far have been insufficient to eliminate this threat, and therefore provide the rational to explore novel methods for preventing aflatoxin accumulation in the environment. Many terrestrial plants and microbes that share ecological niches and encounter the aflatoxin producers have the ability to synthesize compounds that inhibit aflatoxin synthesis. However, reports of natural aflatoxin inhibitors from marine ecosystem components that do not share ecological niches with the aflatoxin producers are rare. Here, we show that a non-pathogenic marine bacterium, Vibrio gazogenes, when exposed to low non-toxic doses of aflatoxin B-1, demonstrates a shift in its metabolic output and synthesizes a metabolite fraction that inhibits aflatoxin synthesis without affecting hyphal growth in the model aflatoxin producer, Aspergillus parasitic us. The molecular mass of the predominant metabolite in this fraction was also different from the known prodigiosins, which are the known antifungal secondary metabolites synthesized by this Vibrio. Gene expression analyses using RT-PCR demonstrate that this metabolite fraction inhibits aflatoxin synthesis by down-regulating the expression of early-, middle-, and late growth stage aflatoxin genes, the aflatoxin pathway regulator, aflR and one global regulator of secondary metabolism, laeA. Our study establishes a novel system for generation of aflatoxin synthesis inhibitors, and emphasizes the potential of the under explored Vibrio's silent genome for generating new modulators of fungal secondary metabolism. C1 [Gummadidala, Phani M.; Chen, Yung Pin; Miller, Kristen P.; Mitra, Chandrani; Banaszek, Nora; Velez-Martinez, Michelle; Decho, Alan W.; Chanda, Anindya] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Beauchesne, Kevin R.; Moeller, Peter D. R.] Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. [Ferry, John L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Chanda, A (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM achanda@mailbox.sc.edu FU Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina (Lab start-up funds); National institute of health [R01 AI120987-01]; Office of Undergraduate Research, University of South Carolina (Magellan Scholarship and Magellan Minigrant) FX This work was supported by funding from the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina (Lab start-up funds to AC), National institute of health (R01 AI120987-01 to AD) and the Office of Undergraduate Research, University of South Carolina (Magellan Scholarship and Magellan Minigrant to NB). NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 10 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD JUN 3 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 814 DI 10.3389/fmiob.2016.00814 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DN3NW UT WOS:000376970100001 PM 27375561 ER PT J AU Ma, XY Bryant, GW Doty, MF AF Ma, Xiangyu Bryant, Garnett W. Doty, Matthew F. TI Hole spins in an InAs/GaAs quantum dot molecule subject to lateral electric fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TIGHT-BINDING THEORY; SEMICONDUCTORS AB There has been tremendous progress in manipulating electron and hole-spin states in quantum dots or quantum dot molecules (QDMs) with growth-direction (vertical) electric fields and optical excitations. However, the response of carriers inQDMsto an in-plane (lateral) electric field remains largely unexplored. We computationally explore spin-mixing interactions in the molecular states of single holes confined in vertically stacked InAs/GaAs QDMs using atomistic tight-binding simulations. We systematically investigate QDMs with different geometric structure parameters and local piezoelectric fields. We observe both a relatively large Stark shift and a change in the Zeeman splitting as the magnitude of the lateral electric field increases. Most importantly, we observe that lateral electric fields induce hole-spin mixing with a magnitude that increases with increasing lateral electric field over a moderate range. These results suggest that applied lateral electric fields could be used to fine tune and manipulate, in situ, the energy levels and spin properties of single holes confined in QDMs. C1 [Ma, Xiangyu; Doty, Matthew F.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Doty, Matthew F.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Doty, MF (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.; Doty, MF (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM doty@udel.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1505574] FX Xiangyu Ma, Matthew F. Doty, and Garnett W. Bryant acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (DMR-1505574). NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 3 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 24 AR 245402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.245402 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DN3XG UT WOS:000376996900003 ER PT J AU Wu, LS Gannon, WJ Zaliznyak, IA Tsvelik, AM Brockmann, M Caux, JS Kim, MS Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Ehlers, G Podlesnyak, A Aronson, MC AF Wu, L. S. Gannon, W. J. Zaliznyak, I. A. Tsvelik, A. M. Brockmann, M. Caux, J. -S. Kim, M. S. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Ehlers, G. Podlesnyak, A. Aronson, M. C. TI Orbital-exchange and fractional quantum number excitations in an f-electron metal, Yb2Pt2Pb SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPIN; CHAIN; ANTIFERROMAGNET; MAGNETISM AB Exotic quantum states and fractionalized magnetic excitations, such as spinons in one-dimensional chains, are generally expected to occur in 3d transition metal systems with spin 1/2. Our neutron-scattering experiments on the 4f-electron metal Yb2Pt2Pb overturn this conventional wisdom. We observe broad magnetic continuum dispersing in only one direction, which indicates that the underlying elementary excitations are spinons carrying fractional spin-1/2. These spinons are the emergent quantum dynamics of the anisotropic, orbital-dominated Yb moments. Owing to their unusual origin, only longitudinal spin fluctuations are measurable, whereas the transverse excitations such as spin waves are virtually invisible to magnetic neutron scattering. The proliferation of these orbital spinons strips the electrons of their orbital identity, resulting in charge-orbital separation. C1 [Wu, L. S.; Gannon, W. J.; Aronson, M. C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wu, L. S.; Gannon, W. J.; Zaliznyak, I. A.; Tsvelik, A. M.; Kim, M. S.; Aronson, M. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wu, L. S.; Ehlers, G.; Podlesnyak, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gannon, W. J.; Aronson, M. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Brockmann, M.] Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Nothnitzer Str 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. [Brockmann, M.; Caux, J. -S.] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Theoret Phys, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zaliznyak, IA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zaliznyak@bnl.gov RI Podlesnyak, Andrey/A-5593-2013; Wu, Liusuo/A-5611-2016; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008 OI Podlesnyak, Andrey/0000-0001-9366-6319; Wu, Liusuo/0000-0003-0103-5267; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC00112704]; NSF [DMR-131008, DMR-1508249]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM) of the Netherlands FX Work at Brookhaven National Laboratory (I.A.Z., A.M.T., M.S.K.) was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), under contract DE-SC00112704. Work at Stony Brook (L.S.W., W.J.G., M.C.A.) was supported by NSF-DMR-131008. L.S.W. was also supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This research at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE. Work at NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) is supported in part by the NSF under Agreement no. DMR-1508249. J.-S.C. and M.B. acknowledge support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM) of the Netherlands. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 15 U2 31 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 3 PY 2016 VL 352 IS 6290 BP 1206 EP 1210 DI 10.1126/science.aaf0981 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DN4NY UT WOS:000377045700039 PM 27257254 ER PT J AU Wang, LL DeRose, P Gaigalas, AK AF Wang, Lili DeRose, Paul Gaigalas, Adolfas K. TI Assignment of the Number of Equivalent Reference Fluorophores to Dyed Microspheres SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ERF; flow cytometer; calibration; microspheres; concentration; fluorescence ID CALIBRATION AB A procedure will be described to assign to each dyed microsphere a number called the Equivalent number of Reference Fluorophores (ERF). The ERF unit gives the number of reference fluorophores in solution which produce the same fluorescence signal as a single dyed microsphere. In the first step, fluorescence measurements were carried out on serial dilutions of a solution of reference fluorophores. The resulting fluorescence intensities and the corresponding concentrations were used to calibrate the response of the fluorometer. The calibration consisted of establishing a linear relation between the intensities and concentrations. In the second step, the fluorescence intensity from a suspension of microspheres was measured in order to determine the equivalent concentration of reference fluorophores which gave the same fluorescence intensity as the suspension of microspheres. This was performed by utilizing the calibration line obtained in the first step. In the third step, a flow cytometer and a light obscuration apparatus were used to measure the total concentration of microspheres in the suspensions used for the fluorescence measurements. In addition to the total microsphere concentration, the flow cytometer also enabled the measurement of the concentration of a sub population of microspheres which are used to calibrate the fluorescence scale of a flow cytometer. The fourth step utilized the data collected in steps one, two, and three to assign a value of ERF to individual microspheres. The set of microspheres with assigned ERF values will be used to establish a linear fluorescence scale in each channel of a flow cytometer. The discussion will emphasize the estimate of uncertainties in each step of the assignment process. C1 [Wang, Lili] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [DeRose, Paul; Gaigalas, Adolfas K.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, LL (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lili.wang@nist.gov; paul.derose@nist.gov; adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUN 2 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 264 EP 281 DI 10.6028/jres.121.012 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ5BN UT WOS:000379219500001 ER PT J AU Kibira, D Morris, KC Kumaraguru, S AF Kibira, Deogratias Morris, K. C. Kumaraguru, Senthilkumaran TI Methods and Tools for Performance Assurance of Smart Manufacturing Systems SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE smart manufacturing; manufacturing performance methods; manufacturing performance challenges; performance measurement; productivity; sustainability; agility ID DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE; ENTERPRISE AGILITY; BIG DATA; IMPROVEMENT; MANAGEMENT; SIMULATION; INNOVATION; ANALYTICS; FRAMEWORK; DESIGN AB The emerging concept of smart manufacturing systems is defined in part by the introduction of new technologies that are promoting rapid and widespread information flow within the manufacturing system and surrounding its control. These systems can deliver unprecedented awareness, agility, productivity, and resilience within the production process by exploiting the ever-increasing availability of real-time manufacturing data. Optimized collection and analysis of this voluminous data to guide decision-making is, however, a complex and dynamic process. To establish and maintain confidence that smart manufacturing systems function as intended, performance assurance measures will be vital. The activities for performance assurance span manufacturing system design, operation, performance assessment, evaluation, analysis, decision making, and control. Changes may be needed for traditional approaches in these activities to address smart manufacturing systems. This paper reviews the current methods and tools used for establishing and maintaining required system performance. It then identifies trends in data and information systems, integration, performance measurement, analysis, and performance improvement that will be vital for assured performance of smart manufacturing systems. Finally, we analyze how those trends apply to the methods studied and propose future research for assessing and improving manufacturing performance in the uncertain, multi-objective operating environment. C1 [Kibira, Deogratias] Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. [Morris, K. C.] NIST, Informat Modeling & Testing Grp, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kumaraguru, Senthilkumaran] Indian Inst Informat Technol Design & Manufacture, Madras 60012, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Kibira, D (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. EM deogratias.kibira@morgan.edu; kcm@nist.gov; skumaran@iiitdm.ac.in FU Morgan State University [70NANB13H153]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; United States Government FX The work described in this paper was partially funded through a Cooperative Agreement No. 70NANB13H153 between Morgan State University and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The work described was funded by the United States Government and is not subject to copyright. NR 148 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 28 U2 36 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUN 2 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 282 EP 313 DI 10.6028/jres.121.013 PG 32 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ5BN UT WOS:000379219500002 ER PT J AU Chisnell, R Helton, JS Freedman, DE Singh, DK Demmel, F Stock, C Nocera, DG Lee, YS AF Chisnell, R. Helton, J. S. Freedman, D. E. Singh, D. K. Demmel, F. Stock, C. Nocera, D. G. Lee, Y. S. TI Magnetic transitions in the topological magnon insulator Cu(1,3-bdc) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Topological magnon insulators are a new class of magnetic materials that possess topologically nontrivial magnon bands. As a result, magnons in these materials display properties analogous to those of electrons in topological insulators. Here we present magnetization, specific heat, and neutron scattering measurements of the ferromagnetic kagome magnet Cu(1,3-bdc). Our measurements provide a detailed description of the magnetic structure and interactions in this material and confirm that it is an ideal prototype for topological magnon physics in a system with a simple spin Hamiltonian. C1 [Chisnell, R.; Lee, Y. S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chisnell, R.; Helton, J. S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Freedman, D. E.; Nocera, D. G.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Freedman, D. E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Singh, D. K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Demmel, F.; Stock, C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Nocera, D. G.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lee, Y. S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lee, Y. S.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Helton, J. S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Stock, C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Midlothian, Scotland. [Stock, C.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Sci Extreme Condit, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Chisnell, R; Lee, YS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.; Chisnell, R (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Lee, YS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Lee, YS (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM robin.chisnell@nist.gov; youngsl@stanford.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; National Science Foundation [CHE 1041863]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce; Science and Technology Facilities Council FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. D.E.F. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation, Grant No. CHE 1041863. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the SPINS neutron facility used in this work. Experiments on Iris at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source were supported by a beamtime allocation from the Science and Technology Facilities Council. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 2 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 21 AR 214403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.214403 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DN3VS UT WOS:000376992800003 ER PT J AU Wang, CH Taylor, JM AF Wang, Chiao-Hsuan Taylor, Jacob M. TI Quantum model for entropic springs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURES; GROUND-STATE; GLASSES; OSCILLATOR AB Motivated by understanding the emergence of thermodynamic restoring forces and oscillations, we develop a quantum-mechanical model of a bath of spins coupled to the elasticity of a material. We show our model reproduces the behavior of a variety of entropic springs while enabling investigation of nonequilibrium resonator states in the quantum domain. We find our model emerges naturally in disordered elastic media, such as glasses, and is an additional expected effect in systems with anomalous specific heat and 1/f noise at low temperatures due to two-level systems that fluctuate. C1 [Wang, Chiao-Hsuan; Taylor, Jacob M.] Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Chiao-Hsuan] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Chiao-Hsuan; Taylor, Jacob M.] Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, Jacob M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, CH (reprint author), Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Wang, CH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Wang, CH (reprint author), Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594 FU NSF Physics Frontier Center at the JQI FX We thank B. Halperin and Z.-X. Gong for helpful discussions. Funding is provided by NSF Physics Frontier Center at the JQI. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 2 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 21 AR 214102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.214102 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DN3VS UT WOS:000376992800002 ER PT J AU Almeida, JL Cole, KD Plant, AL AF Almeida, Jamie L. Cole, Kenneth D. Plant, Anne L. TI Standards for Cell Line Authentication and Beyond SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; CULTURE; REPRODUCIBILITY; IDENTIFICATION AB Different genomic technologies have been applied to cell line authentication, but only one method (short tandem repeat [STR] profiling) has been the subject of a comprehensive and definitive standard (ASN-0002). Here we discuss the power of this document and why standards such as this are so critical for establishing the consensus technical criteria and practices that can enable progress in the fields of research that use cell lines. We also examine other methods that could be used for authentication and discuss how a combination of methods could be used in a holistic fashion to assess various critical aspects of the quality of cell lines. C1 [Almeida, Jamie L.; Cole, Kenneth D.; Plant, Anne L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Plant, AL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anne.plant@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was funded solely by the National Institute of Standards and Technology as part of its measurement-focused mission. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1545-7885 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 14 IS 6 AR e1002476 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002476 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EL8SS UT WOS:000394890800001 PM 27300367 ER PT J AU Lin-Gibson, S Rogers, KC Plant, AL AF Lin-Gibson, Sheng Rogers, Kelley C. Plant, Anne L. TI Measurement Challenges for CAR-T Biomanufacturing: Highlights from a Meeting Sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SO HUMAN GENE THERAPY CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Rogers, Kelley C.; Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2324-8637 EI 2324-8645 J9 HUM GENE THER CL DEV JI Hum. Gene Ther. Clin. Dev. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 27 IS 2 BP 66 EP 68 DI 10.1089/humc.2016.29014.com PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Critical Care Medicine; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EL4JJ UT WOS:000394587200004 PM 27314912 ER PT J AU Cohl, HS Hirtenstein, JE Volkmer, H AF Cohl, Howard S. Hirtenstein, Jessica E. Volkmer, Hans TI Convergence of Magnus integral addition theorems for confluent hypergeometric functions SO INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS AND SPECIAL FUNCTIONS LA English DT Article DE Confluent hypergeometric functions; Bessel functions; modified parabolic cylinderfunctions; integral addition theorems AB In 1946, Magnus presented an addition theorem for the confluent hypergeometric function of the second kind U with argument x+y expressed as an integral of a product of two U's, one with argument x and another with argument y. We take advantage of recently obtained asymptotics for U with large complex first parameter to determine a domain of convergence for Magnus' result. Using well-known specializations of U, we obtain corresponding integral addition theorems with precise domains of convergence for modified parabolic cylinder functions, and Hankel, Macdonald, and Bessel functions of the first and second kind with order zero and one. C1 [Cohl, Howard S.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hirtenstein, Jessica E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Volkmer, Hans] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM howard.cohl@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1065-2469 EI 1476-8291 J9 INTEGR TRANSF SPEC F JI Integral Transform. Spec. Funct. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 27 IS 10 BP 767 EP 774 DI 10.1080/10652469.2016.1198792 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA DW4DV UT WOS:000383593500001 ER PT J AU Thorne, LH Conners, MG Hazen, EL Bograd, SJ Antolos, M Costa, DP Shaffer, SA AF Thorne, L. H. Conners, M. G. Hazen, E. L. Bograd, S. J. Antolos, M. Costa, D. P. Shaffer, S. A. TI Effects of El Nino-driven changes in wind patterns on North Pacific albatrosses SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE El Nino-Southern Oscillation; wind; seabird; movement; central place forager; albatross ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; LEATHERBACK SEA-TURTLES; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; OCEAN CURRENTS; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; BODY CONDITION AB Changes to patterns of wind and ocean currents are tightly linked to climate change and have important implications for cost of travel and energy budgets in marine vertebrates. We evaluated how El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-driven wind patterns affected breeding Laysan and black-footed albatross across a decade of study. Owing to latitudinal variation in wind patterns, wind speed differed between habitat used during incubation and brooding; during La Nina conditions, wind speeds were lower in incubating Laysan (though not black-footed) albatross habitat, but higher in habitats used by brooding albatrosses. Incubating Laysan albatrosses benefited from increased wind speeds during El Nino conditions, showing increased travel speeds and mass gained during foraging trips. However, brooding albatrosses did not benefit from stronger winds during La Nina conditions, instead experiencing stronger cumulative headwinds and a smaller proportion of trips in tailwinds. Increased travel costs during brooding may contribute to the lower reproductive success observed in La Nina conditions. Furthermore, benefits of stronger winds in incubating habitat may explain the higher reproductive success of Laysan albatross during El Nino conditions. Our findings highlight the importance of considering habitat accessibility and cost of travel when evaluating the impacts of climate-driven habitat change on marine predators. C1 [Thorne, L. H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. [Conners, M. G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hazen, E. L.; Antolos, M.; Costa, D. P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bograd, S. J.; Shaffer, S. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Conners, M. G.] Chicago Zool Soc, Ctr Sci Anim Care & Welf, 3300 Golf Rd, Chicago, IL 60513 USA. [Hazen, E. L.; Bograd, S. J.] NOAA Fisheries, Div Environm Res, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Antolos, M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Shaffer, S. A.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, One Washington Sq, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Thorne, LH (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. EM lesley.thorne@stonybrook.edu FU Moore Foundation; Packard Endowment Grant; National Ocean Partnership Program [N00014-02-1-1012]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-00-1-0880, N00014-03-1-0651] FX This research was part of the Tagging of Pacific Pelagics (TOPP) program, supported by the Moore Foundation, Packard Endowment Grant to UCSC, the National Ocean Partnership Program (N00014-02-1-1012), the Office of Naval Research (N00014-00-1-0880 and N00014-03-1-0651). The Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative (PICCC) provided additional support for data analysis and synthesis (12170-B-G104 to S.A. Shaffer and E.L. Hazen). NR 111 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 EI 1742-5662 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 13 IS 119 AR 20160196 DI 10.1098/rsif.2016.0196 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EA6FP UT WOS:000386722200009 ER PT J AU Singh, VK Dwivedi, Y Sharma, J Prakash, R Pathak, AK AF Singh, Vivek K. Dwivedi, Yashashchandra Sharma, Jitendra Prakash, Ram Pathak, Ashok K. TI A Special Issue on Advanced Functional Materials: A Modern Perspective SO MATERIALS FOCUS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Singh, Vivek K.; Sharma, Jitendra; Prakash, Ram] Shri Mata Vaishno Devi SMVD Univ, Dept Phys, Katra, J&K, India. [Dwivedi, Yashashchandra] Natl Inst Technol NIT, Dept Phys, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India. [Sharma, Jitendra] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Durham DH1 3HP, England. [Sharma, Jitendra] NIST, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sharma, Jitendra] SMVD Univ, Katra, J&K, India. [Sharma, Jitendra] Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX USA. [Pathak, Ashok K.] Univ Allahabad, Ewing Christian Coll, Dept Phys, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Singh, VK (reprint author), Shri Mata Vaishno Devi SMVD Univ, Dept Phys, Katra, J&K, India. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 2169-429X EI 2169-4303 J9 MATER FOCUS JI Mater. Focus PD JUN PY 2016 VL 5 IS 3 BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.1166/mat.2016.1360 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA ED1EN UT WOS:000388587500001 ER PT J AU Fischer, DA Anglada-Escude, G Arriagada, P Baluev, RV Bean, JL Bouchy, F Buchhave, LA Carroll, T Chakraborty, A Crepp, JR Dawson, RI Diddams, SA Dumusque, X Eastman, JD Endl, M Figueira, P Ford, EB Foreman-Mackey, D Fournier, P Furesz, G Gaudi, BS Gregory, PC Grundahl, F Hatzes, AP Hebrard, G Herrero, E Hogg, DW Howard, AW Johnson, JA Jorden, P Jurgenson, CA Latham, DW Laughlin, G Loredo, TJ Lovis, C Mahadevan, S McCracken, TM Pepe, F Perez, M Phillips, DF Plavchan, PP Prato, L Quirrenbach, A Reiners, A Robertson, P Santos, NC Sawyer, D Segransan, D Sozzetti, A Steinmetz, T Szentgyorgyi, A Udry, S Valenti, JA Wang, SX Wittenmyer, RA Wright, JT AF Fischer, Debra A. Anglada-Escude, Guillem Arriagada, Pamela Baluev, Roman V. Bean, Jacob L. Bouchy, Francois Buchhave, Lars A. Carroll, Thorsten Chakraborty, Abhijit Crepp, Justin R. Dawson, Rebekah I. Diddams, Scott A. Dumusque, Xavier Eastman, Jason D. Endl, Michael Figueira, Pedro Ford, Eric B. Foreman-Mackey, Daniel Fournier, Paul Furesz, Gabor Gaudi, B. Scott Gregory, Philip C. Grundahl, Frank Hatzes, Artie P. Hebrard, Guillaume Herrero, Enrique Hogg, David W. Howard, Andrew W. Johnson, John A. Jorden, Paul Jurgenson, Colby A. Latham, David W. Laughlin, Greg Loredo, Thomas J. Lovis, Christophe Mahadevan, Suvrath McCracken, Tyler M. Pepe, Francesco Perez, Mario Phillips, David F. Plavchan, Peter P. Prato, Lisa Quirrenbach, Andreas Reiners, Ansgar Robertson, Paul Santos, Nuno C. Sawyer, David Segransan, Damien Sozzetti, Alessandro Steinmetz, Tilo Szentgyorgyi, Andrew Udry, Stephane Valenti, Jeff A. Wang, Sharon X. Wittenmyer, Robert A. Wright, Jason T. TI State of the Field: Extreme Precision Radial Velocities SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: spectrographs; methods: observational; methods: statistical; techniques: radial velocities; techniques: spectroscopic ID EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMB; FIBER-FED SPECTROGRAPH; PULSAR-TIMING PACKAGE; ORBITING HD 7924; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; LOW-MASS PLANETS; SUN-LIKE STAR; 1 CM S(-1); HIGH-RESOLUTION AB The Second Workshop on Extreme Precision Radial Velocities defined circa 2015 the state of the art Doppler precision and identified the critical path challenges for reaching 10 cm s(-1) measurement precision. The presentations and discussion of key issues for instrumentation and data analysis and the workshop recommendations for achieving this bold precision are summarized here. Beginning with the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher spectrograph, technological advances for precision radial velocity (RV) measurements have focused on building extremely stable instruments. To reach still higher precision, future spectrometers will need to improve upon the state of the art, producing even higher fidelity spectra. This should be possible with improved environmental control, greater stability in the illumination of the spectrometer optics, better detectors, more precise wavelength calibration, and broader bandwidth spectra. Key data analysis challenges for the precision RV community include distinguishing center of mass (COM) Keplerian motion from photospheric velocities (time correlated noise) and the proper treatment of telluric contamination. Success here is coupled to the instrument design, but also requires the implementation of robust statistical and modeling techniques. COM velocities produce Doppler shifts that affect every line identically, while photospheric velocities produce line profile asymmetries with wavelength and temporal dependencies that are different from Keplerian signals. Exoplanets are an important subfield of astronomy and there has been an impressive rate of discovery over the past two decades. However, higher precision RV measurements are required to serve as a discovery technique for potentially habitable worlds, to confirm and characterize detections from transit missions, and to provide mass measurements for other space-based missions. The future of exoplanet science has very different trajectories depending on the precision that can ultimately be achieved with Doppler measurements. C1 [Fischer, Debra A.; Jurgenson, Colby A.; McCracken, Tyler M.; Sawyer, David] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Anglada-Escude, Guillem] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Sci & Technol Res Inst, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Anglada-Escude, Guillem] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Phys & Astron, 327 Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. [Arriagada, Pamela] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Baluev, Roman V.] Russian Acad Sci, Cent Astron Observ Pulkovo, Pulkovskoje Shosse 65, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. [Baluev, Roman V.] St Petersburg State Univ, Sobolev Astron Inst, Univ Skij Prospekt 28, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. [Bean, Jacob L.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bouchy, Francois] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7326, LAM, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Buchhave, Lars A.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Star & Planet Format, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Oster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Buchhave, Lars A.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Oster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Carroll, Thorsten] Leibniz Inst Astrophys Potsdam, Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Chakraborty, Abhijit] PRL, Astron & Astrophys Div, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. [Crepp, Justin R.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, South Bend, IN USA. [Dawson, Rebekah I.; Ford, Eric B.; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Robertson, Paul; Wang, Sharon X.; Wright, Jason T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dawson, Rebekah I.; Ford, Eric B.; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Robertson, Paul; Wang, Sharon X.; Wright, Jason T.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Diddams, Scott A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dumusque, Xavier; Lovis, Christophe; Pepe, Francesco; Segransan, Damien; Udry, Stephane] Univ Geneva, Astron Observ, 51 Chemin Maillettes, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Eastman, Jason D.; Johnson, John A.; Latham, David W.; Phillips, David F.; Szentgyorgyi, Andrew] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Endl, Michael] Univ Texas Austin, 2515 Speedway,C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Endl, Michael] Dept Astron, 2515 Speedway,C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Endl, Michael] McDonald Observ, 2515 Speedway,C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Figueira, Pedro; Santos, Nuno C.] Univ Porto, CAUP, Inst Astrofis & Ciencias Espaco, Rua Estrelas, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. [Foreman-Mackey, Daniel; Hogg, David W.] NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Foreman-Mackey, Daniel] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 951580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fournier, Paul] Fibertech Opt Inc, Kitchener, ON N2M 5C6, Canada. [Furesz, Gabor] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Mass Ave,37-515, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gaudi, B. Scott] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gregory, Philip C.] Univ British Columbia, Phys & Astron, 6244 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Grundahl, Frank] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Stellar Astrophys Ctr, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Hatzes, Artie P.] Thuringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5,Tautenburg 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. [Hebrard, Guillaume] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, 98Bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France. [Hebrard, Guillaume] Univ Aix Marseille, Observ Haute Provence, F-04870 St Michel Lobservatoire, France. [Hebrard, Guillaume] CNRS, F-04870 St Michel Lobservatoire, France. [Herrero, Enrique] Fac Ciencies, Inst Ciencies Espai CSICIEEC, Campus UAB,Torre C5 Parell,2a Pl, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. [Hogg, David W.] NYU, Ctr Data Sci, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Howard, Andrew W.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Jorden, Paul] E2v Technol, 106 Waterhouse Lane, Chelmsford, Essex, England. [Laughlin, Greg] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Loredo, Thomas J.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mahadevan, Suvrath; Wright, Jason T.] Penn State Univ, Penn State Astrobiol Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Perez, Mario] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. [Plavchan, Peter P.] Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, 901 S Natl Ave, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Prato, Lisa] Lowell Observ, 1400 West Mars Hill, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Quirrenbach, Andreas] Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, Landessternwarte, Konigstuhl 12, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Reiners, Ansgar] Georg August Univ, Inst Astrophys, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Santos, Nuno C.] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis & Astron, Rua Campo Alegre, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Sozzetti, Alessandro] Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, INAF, Via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. [Steinmetz, Tilo] Menlo Syst GmbH, Klopferspitz 19a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. [Valenti, Jeff A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Wittenmyer, Robert A.] Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Wittenmyer, Robert A.] Univ New South Wales, Australian Ctr Astrobiol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Wittenmyer, Robert A.] Univ Southern Queensland, Computat Engn & Sci Res Ctr, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. RP Fischer, DA (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM debra.fischer@yale.edu RI Baluev, Roman/H-3312-2013; Figueira, Pedro/J-4916-2013; OI Baluev, Roman/0000-0001-9535-3965; Figueira, Pedro/0000-0001-8504-283X; Wright, Jason/0000-0001-6160-5888; Anglada Escude, Guillem/0000-0002-3645-5977 FU Yale University; National Science Foundation [AST-1458915, AST-1313075]; NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI); NIST; NSF [AST-1310875, AST-1211441, AST1109727]; Society in Science; NASA [NNX15AE21G, NNX14AN81H, NNX12AC01G]; NSF CAREER [AST-1056524]; NASA Astrobiology Institute; NASA TESS Mission; European Research Council [279347]; DFG [RE 1664/9-1]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) [UID/FIS/04434/2013, PTDC/FIS-AST/1526/2014]; FCT [IF/01037/2013, IF/00169/2012, IF/01037/2013CP1191/CT0001]; POPH/FSE (EC) by FEDER through the program "Programa Operacional de Factores de Competitividade-COMPETE"; Giant Magellan Telescope Organization [GMT-INS-CON-00584]; Pennsylvania State University; Eberly College of Science; Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium; Department of Space, Govt. of India; Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabed, India; Centre of Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds at Penn State University; NASA FX We thank the anonymous referee for providing an exceptionally careful review of this paper and for many suggested changes which improved the quality of the paper. We are grateful to Yale University, to the National Science Foundation grant AST-1458915 and to the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI) for providing financial support that enabled this workshop and provided support for participants. D.A.F. thanks NASA NNX12ACG01 C for inspiring the study of extreme precision RV measurements. R.I.D. acknowledges the Miller Institute at the Univ of California, Berkeley for Basic Research in Science. S.A.D. acknowledges support from NIST and the NSF grant AST-1310875. X.D. would like to thank the Society in Science for its support through a Branco Weiss Fellowship. E.B.F. was supported in part by NASA Exoplanet Research Program award NNX15AE21G. Work by B.S.G. was partially supported by NSF CAREER Grant AST-1056524. G.L. acknowledges support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute through a cooperative agreement between NASA Ames Research Center and the University of California at Santa Cruz, and from the NASA TESS Mission through a cooperative agreement between M.I.T. and UCSC. A.R. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the FP7 Starting Grant agreement number 279347 and from DFG grant RE 1664/9-1. N.C.S. and P.F. acknowledge support by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the research grants UID/FIS/04434/2013 and PTDC/FIS-AST/1526/2014 as well as through Investigador FCT contracts of reference IF/01037/2013 and IF/00169/2012, and POPH/FSE (EC) by FEDER funding through the program "Programa Operacional de Factores de Competitividade-COMPETE." P.F. further acknowledges support from FCT in the form of an exploratory project reference IF/01037/2013CP1191/CT0001. A.S. thanks the Giant Magellan Telescope Organization for their support for much the work described in his contribution to this paper under Contract No. GMT-INS-CON-00584. S.X.W. is supported by a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NNX14AN81H). S.X.W. and J.T.W. acknowledge support from NSF grant AST-1211441 for the work on telluric contamination. J.T.W. acknowledges NSF grant AST1109727 and NASA grant NNX12AC01G for work on barycentric corrections. The Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds is supported by the Pennsylvania State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium. The PARAS program is fully supported and funded by the Department of Space, Govt. of India and Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabed, India. The PARAS team would like to acknowledge the support of the Director, PRL, and the Mt. Abu Observatory staff for running the program and Francesco Pepe (Geneva Observatory) and Larry Ramsey (Pen State University) for many scientific and technical inputs. Two of the PARAS team members, Suvrath Mahadevan and Arpita Roy would like to thank the Centre of Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds at Penn State University for their partial support. The McDonald Observatory planet search is currently supported by the National Science Foundation under Astrophysics grant AST-1313075, and has been supported in the past by various NASA grants. NR 231 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 9 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 128 IS 964 AR 066001 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/964/066001 PG 43 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EB1KP UT WOS:000387110500005 ER PT J AU Stern, DP Bryan, GH Aberson, SD AF Stern, Daniel P. Bryan, George H. Aberson, Sim D. TI Extreme Low-Level Updrafts and Wind Speeds Measured by Dropsondes in Tropical Cyclones SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE VERTICAL MOTIONS; INSTRUMENT WETTING ERRORS; PART II; INTENSE HURRICANES; INNER-CORE; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; VELOCITY EVENTS; BUOYANCY; VORTICES; EYEWALL AB Previous studies have found surprisingly strong vertical motions in low levels of some tropical cyclones. In this study, all available dropsondes (similar to 12 000) within tropical cyclones during 1997-2013 are examined, in order to create a dataset of the most extreme updrafts (>= 10m s(-1); 169 sondes) and wind speeds (>= 90m s(-1); 64 sondes). It is shown that extreme low-level (0-3 km) updrafts are ubiquitous within intense (category 4 and 5) tropical cyclones, and that few such updrafts have been observed within weaker storms. These extreme updrafts, which are almost exclusively found within the eyewall just inward of the radius of maximum winds, sometimes occur in close association with extreme horizontal wind speeds. Consistent with previous studies, it is suggested that both the extremes in vertical velocity and wind speed are associated with small-scale (; 1 km) vortices that exist along the eye-eyewall interface. As a substantial number of updrafts are found within a kilometer of the surface, it can be shown that it is implausible for buoyancy to be the primary mechanism for vertical acceleration. Additionally, the azimuthal distribution of both the extreme updrafts and wind speeds is strongly associated with the orientation of the environmental vertical wind shear. C1 [Stern, Daniel P.; Bryan, George H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Aberson, Sim D.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Stern, DP (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dstern@ucar.edu RI Bryan, George/O-3849-2014; Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013 OI Bryan, George/0000-0002-2444-3039; Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100 FU [1231193] FX This research was performed at NCAR while the first author was an NSF-AGS Post-doctoral Fellow (Award 1231193). We thank Charlie Martin of NCAR's Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) for invaluable assistance with the ASPEN software, and Kate Young and June Wang of NCAR/EOL for providing helpful dropsonde information. We also thank Jonathan Vigh for providing us access to his FLIGHT+ dataset, Chris Davis for helpful comments and suggestions on an earlier version of this manuscript, and Matt Eastin for helpful discussions regarding dropsonde quality control. We thank Matt Eastin and two anonymous reviewers for providing thorough reviews that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 144 IS 6 BP 2177 EP 2204 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0313.1 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ8QC UT WOS:000386134900003 ER PT J AU Hollensead, LD Grubbs, RD Carlson, JK Bethea, DM AF Hollensead, Lisa D. Grubbs, R. Dean Carlson, John K. Bethea, Dana M. TI Analysis of fine-scale daily movement patterns of juvenile Pristis pectinata within a nursery habitat SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE behaviour; fish; endangered species; estuary; mangrove; telemetry; active tracking ID ENDANGERED SMALLTOOTH SAWFISH; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS; LEMON SHARKS; HOME-RANGE; CONSERVATION; SELECTION; FLORIDA AB 1. Habitat use studies can be used to investigate ecological and behavioural patterns of animals and serve as useful tools for conservation planners. However, specific habitats essential to survival can be difficult to determine for highly mobile marine animals, especially when these species are rare or endangered. 2. Active acoustic tracking telemetry was used to determine daily activity spaces and rates of movement of juvenile smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) in critical habitat areas of south-west Florida, USA. 3. Activity space size and rates of movement were positively related with the size of the area where the animal was tracked. Overall, activity spaces were small and ranged from 0.07-0.17 km(2) using 95% minimum convex polygons, 0.01-0.16 km(2) based on 50% kernel density estimates (KDE), and 0.08-0.68 km(2) based on 95% KDE. Rates of movement ranged from 2.4 to 6.1 m min(-1). 4. There were no detectable differences in activity space or rates of movement between ebb and flood tide or high or low tide. Activity space decreased and rates of movement increased at night, possibly related to nocturnal foraging behaviour or predator avoidance. Comparisons of tracked animal locations and random locations suggested there was selection for those habitats in close proximity to mangrove shoreline. 5. Though daily activity spaces were small, juvenile smalltooth sawfish did exhibit a daily expansion in activity space over the monitoring period. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hollensead, Lisa D.; Grubbs, R. Dean] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL USA. [Carlson, John K.; Bethea, Dana M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL USA. RP Hollensead, LD (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Wilmington, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, 601 South Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM ldh7520@uncw.edu FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) as part of a National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) [NMFS-PRPO-2010-2001945] FX Smalltooth sawfish were collected under guidelines approved by Protected Species Permit SEFSC-NMFS-13330 with permission to collect in ENP approved by permit EVER-2011-SCI-0010. This project was funded by a contract through the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) as part of a National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Section 6 Protected Species Cooperative Conservation Grant (NMFS-PRPO-2010-2001945). We thank Shelley Norton of the NOAA Southeast Regional Office. The authors thank Emily DuVal, Don Levitan, Jannie Wulff, Colin Simpfendorfer, and Gregg Poulakis for their input on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We also thank those who put in long hours in the field for this project: Lisa Ailloud, Jeremy Bender, Josh Boston, Amanda Canning-Smith, Chris Custer, Andrew Foley, Ashley Pacicco, Christine Singer, Kelcee Smith, Mollie Taylor, Emily Tewes, and Tonya Wiley-Lescher. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 3 BP 492 EP 505 DI 10.1002/aqc.2556 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DW5FR UT WOS:000383669200008 ER PT J AU Croll, DA Dewar, H Dulvy, NK Fernando, D Francis, MP Galvan-Magana, F Hall, M Heinrichs, S Marshall, A Mccauley, D Newton, KM Notarbartolo-Di-Sciara, G O'Malley, M O'Sullivan, J Poortvliet, M Roman, M Stevens, G Tershy, BR White, WT AF Croll, Donald A. Dewar, Heidi Dulvy, Nicholas K. Fernando, Daniel Francis, Malcolm P. Galvan-Magana, Felipe Hall, Martin Heinrichs, Shawn Marshall, Andrea Mccauley, Douglas Newton, Kelly M. Notarbartolo-Di-Sciara, Giuseppe O'Malley, Mary O'Sullivan, John Poortvliet, Marloes Roman, Marlon Stevens, Guy Tershy, Bernie R. White, William T. TI Vulnerabilities and fisheries impacts: the uncertain future of manta and devil rays SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE coastal; ocean; conservation evaluation; endangered species; fish; fishing ID COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; PURSE-SEINE FISHERIES; EXTINCTION RISK; LIFE-HISTORY; MOBULA-JAPANICA; SHARKS; BYCATCH; HABITAT; OCEAN; SEA AB 1. Manta and devil rays of the subfamily Mobulinae (mobulids) are rarely studied, large, pelagic elasmobranchs, with all eight of well-evaluated species listed on the IUCN Red List as threatened or near threatened. 2. Mobulids have life history characteristics (matrotrophic reproduction, extremely low fecundity, and delayed age of first reproduction) that make them exceptionally susceptible to overexploitation. 3. Targeted and bycatch mortality from fisheries is a globally important and increasing threat, and targeted fisheries are incentivized by the high value of the global trade in mobulid gill plates. 4. Fisheries bycatch of mobulids is substantial in tuna purse seine fisheries. 5. Thirteen fisheries in 12 countries specifically targeting mobulids, and 30 fisheries in 23 countries with mobulid bycatch were identified. 6. Aside from a few recently enacted national restrictions on capture, there is no comprehensive monitoring, assessment or control of mobulid fisheries or bycatch. Recent listing through the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) may benefit mobulids of the genus Manta (manta rays), but none of the mobulids in the genus Mobula (devil rays) are protected. 7. The relative economic costs of catch mitigation are minimal, particularly compared with a broad range of other, more complicated, marine conservation issues. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Croll, Donald A.; Newton, Kelly M.; Poortvliet, Marloes; Tershy, Bernie R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Coastal Conservat Act Lab, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Dewar, Heidi] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Dulvy, Nicholas K.] Simon Fraser Univ, Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Fernando, Daniel] Linnaeus Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Vaxjo, Sweden. [Fernando, Daniel; O'Malley, Mary; Stevens, Guy] Manta Trust, Dorchester, Dorset, England. [Francis, Malcolm P.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Fisheries, Dorchester, Dorset, England. [Galvan-Magana, Felipe] Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Dorchester, Dorset, England. [Hall, Martin; Roman, Marlon] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, Dorchester, Dorset, England. [Heinrichs, Shawn] Blue Sphere Media LLC, London, England. [Marshall, Andrea] Marine Megafauna Fdn, Lindfield, England. [Mccauley, Douglas] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Notarbartolo-Di-Sciara, Giuseppe] Tethys Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [O'Malley, Mary] WildAid, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [O'Sullivan, John] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Poortvliet, Marloes] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Dept Marine Benth Ecol & Evolut, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. [Stevens, Guy] Univ York, Environm Dept, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [White, William T.] CSIRO, Marine & Atmospher Res, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Croll, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Coastal Conservat Act Lab, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM dcroll@ucsc.edu RI White, William/B-9748-2009; OI White, William/0000-0001-9705-2453; Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725 FU Monterey Bay Aquarium FX Project support provided by the Monterey Bay Aquarium. NR 83 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 18 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 3 BP 562 EP 575 DI 10.1002/aqc.2591 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DW5FR UT WOS:000383669200013 ER PT J AU Kremser, S Thomason, LW von Hobe, M Hermann, M Deshler, T Timmreck, C Toohey, M Stenke, A Schwarz, JP Weigel, R Fueglistaler, S Prata, FJ Vernier, JP Schlager, H Barnes, JE Antuna-Marrero, JC Fairlie, D Palm, M Mahieu, E Notholt, J Rex, M Bingen, C Vanhellemont, F Bourassa, A Plane, JMC Klocke, D Carn, SA Clarisse, L Trickl, T Neely, R James, AD Rieger, L Wilson, JC Meland, B AF Kremser, Stefanie Thomason, Larry W. von Hobe, Marc Hermann, Markus Deshler, Terry Timmreck, Claudia Toohey, Matthew Stenke, Andrea Schwarz, Joshua P. Weigel, Ralf Fueglistaler, Stephan Prata, Fred J. Vernier, Jean-Paul Schlager, Hans Barnes, John E. Antuna-Marrero, Juan-Carlos Fairlie, Duncan Palm, Mathias Mahieu, Emmanuel Notholt, Justus Rex, Markus Bingen, Christine Vanhellemont, Filip Bourassa, Adam Plane, John M. C. Klocke, Daniel Carn, Simon A. Clarisse, Lieven Trickl, Thomas Neely, Ryan James, Alexander D. Rieger, Landon Wilson, James C. Meland, Brian TI Stratospheric aerosol-Observations, processes, and impact on climate SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CARBONYL SULFIDE COS; SULFURIC-ACID VAPOR; SIZE DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENTS; TROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERE; LARGE VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; METEORIC SMOKE PARTICLES; MOUNT-PINATUBO ERUPTION; ASIAN MONSOON TRANSPORT AB Interest in stratospheric aerosol and its role in climate have increased over the last decade due to the observed increase in stratospheric aerosol since 2000 and the potential for changes in the sulfur cycle induced by climate change. This review provides an overview about the advances in stratospheric aerosol research since the last comprehensive assessment of stratospheric aerosol was published in 2006. A crucial development since 2006 is the substantial improvement in the agreement between in situ and space-based inferences of stratospheric aerosol properties during volcanically quiescent periods. Furthermore, new measurement systems and techniques, both in situ and space based, have been developed for measuring physical aerosol properties with greater accuracy and for characterizing aerosol composition. However, these changes induce challenges to constructing a long-term stratospheric aerosol climatology. Currently, changes in stratospheric aerosol levels less than 20% cannot be confidently quantified. The volcanic signals tend to mask any nonvolcanically driven change, making them difficult to understand. While the role of carbonyl sulfide as a substantial and relatively constant source of stratospheric sulfur has been confirmed by new observations and model simulations, large uncertainties remain with respect to the contribution from anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions. New evidence has been provided that stratospheric aerosol can also contain small amounts of nonsulfatematter such as black carbon and organics. Chemistry-climatemodels have substantially increased in quantity and sophistication. Inmanymodels the implementation of stratospheric aerosol processes is coupled to radiation and/or stratospheric chemistry modules to account for relevant feedback processes. C1 [Kremser, Stefanie] Bodeker Sci, Alexandra, New Zealand. [Thomason, Larry W.; Vernier, Jean-Paul; Fairlie, Duncan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [von Hobe, Marc] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, Julich, Germany. [Hermann, Markus] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Deshler, Terry] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Timmreck, Claudia; Toohey, Matthew] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Toohey, Matthew] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Stenke, Andrea] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Schwarz, Joshua P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Weigel, Ralf] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphere, Mainz, Germany. [Fueglistaler, Stephan] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fueglistaler, Stephan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Prata, Fred J.] Nicarnica Aviat, Kjeller, Norway. [Schlager, Hans] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Atmospher Phys, Cologne, Germany. [Barnes, John E.] NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI USA. [Antuna-Marrero, Juan-Carlos] Meteorol Inst Cuba, Camaguey, Cuba. [Palm, Mathias; Notholt, Justus] IUP Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany. [Mahieu, Emmanuel] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Liege, Belgium. [Rex, Markus] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany. [Bingen, Christine; Vanhellemont, Filip] Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. [Bourassa, Adam; Rieger, Landon] Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Plane, John M. C.; James, Alexander D.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Klocke, Daniel] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. [Carn, Simon A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Clarisse, Lieven] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium. [Trickl, Thomas] Karlsruher Inst Technol, IMK IFU, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Neely, Ryan] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Neely, Ryan] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Wilson, James C.; Meland, Brian] Univ Denver, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Denver, CO USA. RP Kremser, S (reprint author), Bodeker Sci, Alexandra, New Zealand. EM stefanie@bodekerscientific.com RI Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013; Plane, John/C-7444-2015; Trickl, Thomas/F-7331-2010; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Toohey, Matthew/G-3129-2010; OI Plane, John/0000-0003-3648-6893; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Toohey, Matthew/0000-0002-7070-405X; von Hobe, Marc/0000-0001-6034-6562; Mahieu, Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286; Palm, Mathias/0000-0001-7191-6911; /0000-0002-3573-7083 FU International Space Science Institute (ISSI, Bern, Switzerland); SPARC; Royal Society of New Zealand; European Research Council [291332-CODITA]; German federal Ministry of Education (BMBF) [FKZ:01LP130A, 01LP1130B]; German BMBF under the ROMIC (ROle of the Middle atmosphere in Climate) programme; European Union [603557] FX We would like to thank Thomas Peter, Stephan Borrmann, and Beiping Luo for the many very helpful discussions and suggestions. We would like to thank Aimee V. Amin, SSAI (Hampton, VA, USA) for the design of Figure 1, Michael Hopfner for providing Figure 6, Horst Jager for his assistance in generating underlying data files for parts of Figure 10/Figure 12, and Steven Smith for providing the anthropogenic sulfur emissions data for Figure 14. The authors thank the International Space Science Institute (ISSI, Bern, Switzerland) through their support of the SSiRC science team that made this publication possible. We would like to thank SPARC for their support of the SSiRC activity. L. Clarisse is a research associate with the F.N.R.S. S. Kremser would like to thank the Royal Society of New Zealand for support through the Marsden Fast Start fund. J.M.C. Plane and A.D. James are supported by a grant from the European Research Council (project 291332-CODITA). C. Timmreck and M. Toohey acknowledge support from the German federal Ministry of Education (BMBF), research program "MiKlip" (FKZ:01LP130A(CT):/01LP1130B (MT)). R. Weigel and M. v. Hobe are supported by SPITFIRE which is funded by the German BMBF under the ROMIC (ROle of the Middle atmosphere in Climate) programme. Work on this review was partly supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 603557. The data presented in this study are listed in the provided references. Requests for data used in this paper can be directed to S. Kremser (stefanie@bodekerscientific.com). NR 377 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 14 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 54 IS 2 BP 278 EP 335 DI 10.1002/2015RG000511 PG 58 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DZ3AY UT WOS:000385716900002 ER PT J AU Tam, JC Link, JS Large, SI Bogstad, B Bundy, A Cook, AM Dingsor, GE Dolgov, AV Howell, D Kempf, A Pinnegar, JK Rindorf, A Schuckel, S Sell, AF Smith, BE AF Tam, J. C. Link, J. S. Large, S. I. Bogstad, B. Bundy, A. Cook, A. M. Dingsor, G. E. Dolgov, A. V. Howell, D. Kempf, A. Pinnegar, J. K. Rindorf, A. Schueckel, S. Sell, A. F. Smith, B. E. TI A trans-Atlantic examination of haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus food habits SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE echinoderms; ecosystem-based fisheries management; piscivory; prey choice ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; PLAICE HIPPOGLOSSOIDES-PLATESSOIDES; DOGFISH SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; US CONTINENTAL-SHELF; OF-THORNS STARFISH; NORTH-SEA; GEORGES-BANK; SPINY DOGFISH; MARINE FISHES; BARENTS SEA AB The food habits of Melanogrammus aeglefinus were explored and contrasted across multiple north-eastern and north-western Atlantic Ocean ecosystems, using databases that span multiple decades. The results show that among all ecosystems, echinoderms are a consistent part of M. aeglefinus diet, but patterns emerge regarding where and when M. aeglefinus primarily eat fishes v. echinoderms. Melanogrammus aeglefinus does not regularly exhibit the increase in piscivory with ontogeny that other gadoids often show, and in several ecosystems there is a lower occurrence of piscivory. There is an apparent inverse relationship between the consumption of fishes and echinoderms in M. aeglefinus over time, where certain years show high levels of one prey item and low levels of the other. This apparent binary choice can be viewed as part of a gradient of prey options, contingent upon a suite of factors external to M. aeglefinus dynamics. The energetic consequences of this prey choice are discussed, noting that in some instances it may not be a choice at all. (C) 2016 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Tam, J. C.; Link, J. S.; Large, S. I.; Smith, B. E.] NOAA Fisheries, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Large, S. I.] ICES, DK-1553 Copenhagen V, Denmark. [Bogstad, B.; Dingsor, G. E.; Howell, D.] IMR, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Bundy, A.; Cook, A. M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Dolgov, A. V.] Polar Res Inst Marine Fisheries & Oceanog PINRO, 6 Knipovich St, Murmansk 183038, Russia. [Kempf, A.; Sell, A. F.] Thunen Inst Sea Fisheries, Palmaille 9, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. [Pinnegar, J. K.] Cefas, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Rindorf, A.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Schueckel, S.] BioConsult Schuchardt & Scholle GbR, Reeder Bischoff Str 54, D-28757 Bremen, Germany. RP Tam, JC (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jamie.tam@noaa.gov RI Bundy, Alida/H-2884-2015 OI Bundy, Alida/0000-0002-4282-0715 FU E.U. FP7 project BENTHIS [KBBE.2012.1.2-09]; NOAA FX We would like to thank the research vessel crews at the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Northeast Fisheries Science Center and Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) whose hard work has made studies such as this possible. We also thank the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and the Institute for Marine Resource and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES) for making this stomach data available. Partial support for data collection was provided by E.U. FP7 project BENTHIS (KBBE.2012.1.2-09) (J.K.P.). We would like to thank internal reviewers K. Holsman, R. Heintz and K. Osgood for their helpful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by a NOAA Postdoctoral Fellowship to J.C.T. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 88 IS 6 BP 2203 EP 2218 DI 10.1111/jfb.12983 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DX3US UT WOS:000384301600008 PM 27145075 ER PT J AU Newbury, DE Ritchie, NWM AF Newbury, Dale E. Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. TI Measurement of Trace Constituents by Electron-Excited X-Ray Microanalysis with Energy-Dispersive Spectrometry SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE electron beam X-ray microanalysis; energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry; scanning electron microscopy; silicon drift detector; trace analysis ID DRIFT DETECTOR; SEM/SDD-EDS; PRECISION; ACCURACY AB Electron-excited X-ray microanalysis performed with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) has been used to measure trace elemental constituents of complex multielement materials, where "trace" refers to constituents present at concentrations below 0.01 (mass fraction). High count spectra measured with silicon drift detector EDS were quantified using the standards/matrix correction protocol embedded in the NIST DTSA-II software engine. Robust quantitative analytical results for trace constituents were obtained from concentrations as low as 0.000500 (mass fraction), even in the presence of significant peak interferences from minor (concentration 0.01 <= C <= 0.1) and major (C > 0.1) constituents. Limits of detection as low as 0.000200 were achieved in the absence of peak interference. C1 [Newbury, Dale E.; Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.newbury@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 3 BP 520 EP 535 DI 10.1017/S1431927616000738 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA DX4DY UT WOS:000384332600006 PM 27329308 ER PT J AU Woehl, TJ White, RM Keller, RR AF Woehl, Taylor J. White, Ryan M. Keller, Robert R. TI Dark-Field Scanning Transmission Ion Microscopy via Detection of Forward-Scattered Helium Ions with a Microchannel Plate SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE helium ion microscopy (HIM); scanning transmission ion microscopy (STIM); Monte Carlo simulation; stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM); Z-contrast imaging ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY AB A microchannel plate was used as an ion sensitive detector in a commercial helium ion microscope (HIM) for dark-field transmission imaging of nanomaterials, i.e. scanning transmission ion microscopy (STIM). In contrast to previous transmission HIM approaches that used secondary electron conversion holders, our new approach detects forward-scattered helium ions on a dedicated annular shaped ion sensitive detector. Minimum collection angles between 125 mrad and 325 mrad were obtained by varying the distance of the sample from the microchannel plate detector during imaging. Monte Carlo simulations were used to predict detector angular ranges at which dark-field images with atomic number contrast could be obtained. We demonstrate atomic number contrast imaging via scanning transmission ion imaging of silica-coated gold nanoparticles and magnetite nanoparticles. Although the resolution of STIM is known to be degraded by beam broadening in the substrate, we imaged magnetite nanoparticles with high contrast on a relatively thick silicon nitride substrate. We expect this new approach to annular dark-field STIM will open avenues for more quantitative ion imaging techniques and advance fundamental understanding of underlying ion scattering mechanisms leading to image formation. C1 [Woehl, Taylor J.; White, Ryan M.; Keller, Robert R.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Woehl, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM taylor.woehl@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX The authors thank Aric Sanders for useful discussions on microchannel plates and detector design in the helium ion microscope, John Notte for useful discussions on forward-scattered ion detection in the helium ion microscope, and Jason Holm for the sample holder. T.W. and R.M.W. thank the National Research Council Research Associate Program for funding. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 3 BP 544 EP 550 DI 10.1017/S1431927616000775 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA DX4DY UT WOS:000384332600008 PM 27153003 ER PT J AU Wade, CA McLean, MJ Vinci, RP Watanabe, M AF Wade, Charles Austin McLean, Mark J. Vinci, Richard P. Watanabe, Masashi TI Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) Through-Focus Imaging for Three-Dimensional Atomic Analysis of Bismuth Segregation on Copper [001]/33 degrees Twist Bicrystal Grain Boundaries SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE STEM; aberration corrected; 3D atomic imaging; Cu-Bi; grain boundary ID INDUCED EMBRITTLEMENT; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; TOMOGRAPHY; ALLOYS; DOPANT; SERIES; BI; CU AB Scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) through-focus imaging (TFI) has been used to determine the three-dimensional atomic structure of Bi segregation-induced brittle Cu grain boundaries (GBs). With TFI, it is possible to observe single Bi atom distributions along Cu [ 001] twist GBs using an aberration-corrected STEM operating at 200 kV. The depth resolution is similar to 5 nm. Specimens with GBs intentionally inclined with respect to the microscope's optic axis were used to investigate Bi segregant atom distributions along and through the Cu GB. It was found that Bi atoms exist at most once per Cu unit cell along the GB, meaning that no continuous GB film is present. Therefore, the reduced fracture toughness of this particular Bi-doped Cu boundary would not be caused by fracture of Bi-Bi bonds. C1 [Wade, Charles Austin; McLean, Mark J.; Vinci, Richard P.; Watanabe, Masashi] Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Wade, Charles Austin] Univ Manchester, Mat Performance Ctr, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [McLean, Mark J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8370, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wade, CA (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.; Wade, CA (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Mat Performance Ctr, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM austin.wade@manchester.ac.uk FU National Science Foundation [0804528] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0804528. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 3 BP 679 EP 689 DI 10.1017/S1431927616000696 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA DX4DY UT WOS:000384332600023 PM 27145975 ER PT J AU Wang, F Wang, JN Guan, C Ma, Q Zhang, DX AF Wang, Fan Wang, Jianing Guan, Cong Ma, Qiang Zhang, Dongxiao TI Mooring observations of equatorial currents in the upper 1000 m of the western Pacific Ocean during 2014 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; DEEP JETS; ZONAL JETS; CIRCULATION; COUNTERCURRENT; DYNAMICS AB Time-depth variations of the equatorial currents over the upper 1000 m depth in the western Pacific Ocean were directly measured by acoustic Doppler current profiler moorings at 2 degrees N, 140 degrees E and 4.7 degrees N, 140 degrees E during January-August 2014. Intraseasonal variations of the equatorial currents, with periods of 37-73 days, were observed encompassing the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC), northern branch of the South Equatorial Current (SEC), Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC), Equatorial Intermediate Current (EIC), North Intermediate Countercurrent (NICC), and North Equatorial Subsurface Current (NESC). Compared with previous studies based mainly on shipboard synoptic surveys, the 8-month time series of velocity profiles provided direct evidence for the existence of NESC, captured reversals of the EIC in May and the NESC in June from westward to eastward direction, and revealed larger vertical extensions of the SEC and NESC and greater depths of the EIC and NICC than previously thought. According to a global analysis product of ocean surface current, during January-April 2014, the NECC was located around its southernmost position and with its the weakest intensity over the past 20 years. Some of the anomalous characteristics of these flows may be related to the fickle El Nino of 2014. C1 [Wang, Fan; Wang, Jianing; Guan, Cong; Ma, Qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Wang, Fan; Wang, Jianing] Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Ocean & Climate Dynam, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Guan, Cong; Ma, Qiang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Dongxiao] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zhang, Dongxiao] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wang, F (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao, Peoples R China.; Wang, F (reprint author), Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Ocean & Climate Dynam, Qingdao, Peoples R China. EM fwang@qdio.ac.cn RI Wang, Fan/J-5119-2012 OI Wang, Fan/0000-0001-5932-7567 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB417401]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41406015, 41421005, U1406401]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA11010204] FX We thank the anonymous reviewer for encouragement and very helpful comments and suggestions. The crew of R/V Kexue (Science) is thanked for their assistance with the deployment and retrieval of two subsurface moorings. This study is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (grant 2012CB417401), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 41406015, 41421005, and U1406401), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant XDA11010204). The mooring data used here can be accessed freely for research purpose upon request to Fan Wang (fwang@qdio.ac.cn). Fan Wang and Jianing Wang contributed equally to this work. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 3730 EP 3740 DI 10.1002/2015JC011510 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DW2JD UT WOS:000383467800004 ER PT J AU Mao, M van der Westhuysen, AJ Xia, M Schwab, DJ Chawla, A AF Mao, Miaohua van der Westhuysen, Andre J. Xia, Meng Schwab, David J. Chawla, Arun TI Modeling wind waves from deep to shallow waters in Lake Michigan using unstructured SWAN SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WHITECAPPING DISSIPATION; GREAT-LAKES; HURRICANE; SURFACE; CIRCULATION; PERFORMANCE; SPECTRA; SYSTEM; GROWTH; INPUT AB Accurate wind-wave simulations are vital for evaluating the impact of waves on coastal dynamics, especially when wave observations are sparse. It has been demonstrated that structured-grid models have the ability to capture the wave dynamics of large-scale offshore domains, and the recent emergence of unstructured meshes provides an opportunity to better simulate shallow-water waves by resolving the complex geometry along islands and coastlines. For this study, wind waves in Lake Michigan were simulated using the unstructured-grid version of Simulating Waves Nearshore (un-SWAN) model with various types of wind forcing, and the model was calibrated using in situ wave observations. Sensitivity experiments were conducted to investigate the key factors that impact wave growth and dissipation processes. In particular, we considered (1) three wind field sources, (2) three formulations for wind input and whitecapping, (3) alternative formulations and coefficients for depth-induced breaking, and (4) various mesh types. We find that un-SWAN driven by Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) wind data reproduces significant wave heights reasonably well using previously proposed formulations for wind input, recalibrated whitecapping parameters, and alternative formulations for depth-induced breaking. The results indicate that using GEM wind field data as input captures large waves in the midlake most accurately, while using the Natural Neighbor Method wind field reproduces shallow-water waves more accurately. Wind input affects the simulated wave evolution across the whole lake, whereas whitecapping primarily affects wave dynamics in deep water. In shallow water, the process of depth-induced breaking is dominant and highly dependent upon breaker indices and mesh types. C1 [Mao, Miaohua; Xia, Meng] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [van der Westhuysen, Andre J.] NOAA, IMSG, NWS, NCEP,Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Schwab, David J.] Univ Michigan, Water Ctr, Graham Environm Sustainabil Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chawla, Arun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Xia, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM mxia@umes.edu FU National Science Foundation [1238044]; NCAR CISL; Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) Stampede Supercomputer FX This project was supported by a National Science Foundation grant to M.X. (1238044). We thank our reviewers for helpful comments that improved the manuscript. We also thank Gregory Lang for useful comments on processing NDBC buoy data. The GEM and NNM wind fields are available upon request to Miguel Tremblay (dps-client@ec.ga.ca) from the Canadian Meteorological Centre and from Gregory Lang (gregory.lang@noaa.gov) of NOAA-GLERL, respectively. The CFSv2 wind field data can be obtained by registering and making a request through the NCAR Computational & Information Systems Lab (CISL) Research Data Archive interface (rda.ucar.edu). The buoy records (including hourly wind speed, significant wave height, peak wave period, and mean wave direction) and monthly averaged lake level data for Lake Michigan can be obtained from NOAA's NDBC (www.ndbc.noaa.gov) and GLWLD (http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/data/dashboard/GLWLD.html), respectively. Numerical experiments were supported by and carried out with the NCAR CISL and the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) Stampede Supercomputer. Please contact the corresponding author at mxia@umes.edu with requests for the numerical results discussed in this manuscript. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 3836 EP 3865 DI 10.1002/2015JC011340 PG 30 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DW2JD UT WOS:000383467800011 ER PT J AU Panteleev, G Yaremchuk, M Francis, O Stabeno, PJ Weingartner, T Zhang, J AF Panteleev, Gleb Yaremchuk, Max Francis, Oceana Stabeno, Phyllis J. Weingartner, T. Zhang, J. TI An inverse modeling study of circulation in the Eastern Bering Sea during 2007-2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; SLOPE CURRENT; CHUKCHI SEAS; OCEAN MODEL; ICE; NORTHERN; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; RECONSTRUCTION; BASIN AB A two-way nested 4d-variational data assimilation system is implemented in the Eastern Bering Sea (EBS) to investigate changes in circulation and thermodynamic state for a 3.8 year period. Assimilated observations include data from 19 moorings deployed on the shelf and in the Bering Strait, 1705 hydrographic stations occupied during eight surveys, and remotely sensed sea surface temperature and sea surface height (SSH) data. Validation of the presented 4dVar reanalysis against the output of two sequential data-assimilative systems (the Bering Ecosystem Study ice-ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (BESTMAS) and the Arctic Cap Nowcast-Forecast System (ACNFS)) has shown that the product is more consistent with the observed transports in the Bering Strait and in the EBS interior both in terms of their magnitude and time variability. Analysis of the data-optimized solution quantifies a sequence of wind-forced events that resulted in the anomalous heat and freshwater transports through the Bering Strait, including a 28 day long flow reversal that occurred in November 2009 and carried Siberian Coastal Current water down to the Gulf of Anadyr. Lagrangian study of the Arctic-bound Pacific waters indicates the extreme importance of the cross-shelf exchange along the path of the Bering Slope Current and quantifies the spectrum of residence times for the waters entering EBS through Unimak Pass and through Aleutian passages. Residence times in the EBS cold pool are diagnosed to be 2-3 times longer than those in the surrounding waters. C1 [Panteleev, Gleb] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Panteleev, Gleb] Natl Tomsk Res Polytech Univ, Tomsk, Russia. [Yaremchuk, Max] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Francis, Oceana] Univ Hawaii, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Weingartner, T.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Zhang, J.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Panteleev, G (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.; Panteleev, G (reprint author), Natl Tomsk Res Polytech Univ, Tomsk, Russia. EM gleb@iarc.uaf.edu FU NSF [1107925, 1203740]; ONR; Russia government [megagrant 2013-220-04-157]; International Arctic Research Center; [ARC-1107327] FX This study was supported by International Arctic Research Center, NSF grants 1107925, 1203740, and ARC-1107327. Max Yaremchuk was supported by the ONR core projects" Adjoint-free 4dvar for navy ocean models" and "Coupled data assimilation." We further thank the support of the Russia government (megagrant 2013-220-04-157). The authors are indebted to R. Woodgate of APL UW for providing current meter data in the Bering Strait. The results of the reanalysis can be downloaded from http://people.iarc.uaf.edu/g1eb/best_reanalysis/final_report/final_repor t.htm). NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 3970 EP 3989 DI 10.1002/2015JC011287 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DW2JD UT WOS:000383467800018 ER PT J AU Hu, HG Wang, J Liu, H Goes, J AF Hu, Haoguo Wang, Jia Liu, Hui Goes, Joaquim TI Simulation of phytoplankton distribution and variation in the Bering-Chukchi Sea using a 3-D physical-biological model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; ICE; ASSEMBLAGES; ECOSYSTEM; NORTHERN; GROWTH; SHELF AB A three-dimensional physical-biological model has been used to simulate seasonal phytoplankton variations in the Bering and Chukchi Seas with a focus on understanding the physical and biogeochemical mechanisms involved in the formation of the Bering Sea Green Belt (GB) and the Subsurface Chlorophyll Maxima (SCM). Model results suggest that the horizontal distribution of the GB is controlled by a combination of light, temperature, and nutrients. Model results indicated that the SCM, frequently seen below the thermocline, exists because of a rich supply of nutrients and sufficient light. The seasonal onset of phytoplankton blooms is controlled by different factors at different locations in the Bering-Chukchi Sea. In the off-shelf central region of the Bering Sea, phytoplankton blooms are regulated by available light. On the Bering Sea shelf, sea ice through its influence on light and temperature plays a key role in the formation of blooms, whereas in the Chukchi Sea, bloom formation is largely controlled by ambient seawater temperatures. A numerical experiment conducted as part of this study revealed that plankton sinking is important for simulating the vertical distribution of phytoplankton and the seasonal formation of the SCM. An additional numerical experiment revealed that sea ice algae account for 14.3-36.9% of total phytoplankton production during the melting season, and it cannot be ignored when evaluating primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean. C1 [Hu, Haoguo] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Liu, Hui] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Goes, Joaquim] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA. RP Hu, HG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM hghu@umich.edu FU NOAA RUSALCA (Russian-American Long-term Censes of the Arctic) International Polar Year modeling project; NASA interdisciplinary Science Award [NNX11AP28G] FX We appreciate support from NOAA RUSALCA (Russian-American Long-term Censes of the Arctic) International Polar Year modeling project and NASA interdisciplinary Science Award NNX11AP28G. We thank Cathy Darnell and Nicole Rice for editing drafts. This is GLERL Contribution 1814. For the data used in this paper, please contact hghu@umich.edu. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 4041 EP 4055 DI 10.1002/2016JC011692 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DW2JD UT WOS:000383467800022 ER PT J AU Emerson, S Bushinsky, S AF Emerson, Steven Bushinsky, Seth TI The role of bubbles during air-sea gas exchange SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; MIXED-LAYER; OCEAN; WATER; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; VENTILATION; SOLUBILITY; SEAWATER; SURFACE AB The potential for using the air-sea exchange rate of oxygen as a tracer for net community biological production in the ocean is greatly enhanced by recent accuracy improvements for in situ measurements of oxygen on unmanned platforms. A limiting factor for determining the exchange process is evaluating the air-sea flux contributed by bubble processes produced by breaking waves, particularly during winter months under high winds. Highly accurate measurements of noble gases (Ne, Ar & Kr) and nitrogen, N-2, in seawater are tracers of the importance of bubble process in the surface mixed layer. We use measured distributions of these gases in the ventilated thermocline of the North Pacific and an annual time series of N-2 in the surface ocean of the NE Subarctic Pacific to evaluate four different air-water exchange models chosen to represent the range of model interpretation of bubble processes. We find that models must have an explicit bubble mechanism to reproduce concentrations of insoluble atmospheric gases, but there are periods when they all depart from observations. The recent model of Liang et al. (2013) stems from a highly resolved model of bubble plumes and categorizes bubble mechanisms into those that are small enough to collapse and larger ones that exchange gases before they resurface, both of which are necessary to explain the data. C1 [Emerson, Steven] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bushinsky, Seth] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Emerson, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM emerson@u.washington.edu OI Bushinsky, Seth/0000-0001-5106-4678 FU NSF [Oce1154001, Oce 1458888] FX We acknowledge Roberta Hamme for curating tables of the noble gas and N2/Ar ratio data on her web site (www.uvic.ca/similar to hamme/). We thank Bill Jenkins and Dempsey Lott for sharing preliminary, unpublished results for the solubility of Kr. Henry Bittig and two anonymous reviewers pointed out inconsistencies that have been repaired resulting in a better paper. The surface ocean N2 data from Ocean Station Papa are unpublished and available from the first author. Parts of this research began as a problem in a graduate-level chemical tracers class at University of Washington. S. E. would like to thank the students for being involved in the initial phase of the arguments presented here. This research was funded by NSF grants Oce1154001 and Oce 1458888. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 4360 EP 4376 DI 10.1002/2016JC011744 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DW2JD UT WOS:000383467800039 ER PT J AU Califf, S Li, X Wolf, RA Zhao, H Jaynes, AN Wilder, FD Malaspina, DM Redmon, R AF Califf, S. Li, X. Wolf, R. A. Zhao, H. Jaynes, A. N. Wilder, F. D. Malaspina, D. M. Redmon, R. TI Large-amplitude electric fields in the inner magnetosphere: Van Allen Probes observations of subauroral polarization streams SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIME RING CURRENT; PLASMA SHEET; MAGNETIC STORM; PENETRATION; CONVECTION; DENSITY AB The subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) is an important magnetosphere-ionosphere (MI) coupling phenomenon that impacts a range of particle populations in the inner magnetosphere. SAPS studies often emphasize ionospheric signatures of fast westward flows, but the equatorial magnetosphere is also affected through strong radial electric fields in the dusk sector. This study focuses on a period of steady southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) during the 29 June 2013 geomagnetic storm where the Van Allen Probes observe a region of intense electric fields near the plasmapause over multiple consecutive outbound duskside passes. We show that the large-amplitude electric fields near the equatorial plane are consistent with SAPS by investigating the relationship between plasma sheet ion and electron boundaries, associated field-aligned currents, and the spatial location of the electric fields. By incorporating high-inclination DMSP data we demonstrate the spatial and temporal variability of the SAPS region, and we suggest that discrete, earthward propagating injections are driving the observed strong electric fields at low L shells in the equatorial magnetosphere. We also show the relationship between SAPS and plasmasphere erosion, as well as a possible correlation with flux enhancements for 100s keV electrons. C1 [Califf, S.; Li, X.; Zhao, H.; Jaynes, A. N.; Wilder, F. D.; Malaspina, D. M.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wolf, R. A.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX USA. [Redmon, R.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Califf, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM califf@colorado.edu FU NASA/Van Allen Probes ECT and EFW - JHU/APL under NASA [967399, NAS5-01072]; NASA/THEMIS [NAS5-02099]; NASA [NNX15AT57H]; NASA HGC [NNX14AN55G] FX The work at the University of Colorado was supported in part by NASA/Van Allen Probes ECT and EFW funding through JHU/APL contract 967399 under prime NASA contract NAS5-01072, NASA/THEMIS project NAS5-02099, and NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship (NESSF) award NNX15AT57H. The work at Rice was supported by NASA HGC grant NNX14AN55G. Van Allen Probes data are available on the ECT, EFW, and EMFISIS websites, and OMNI and DMSP data can be found at http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 5294 EP 5306 DI 10.1002/2015JA022252 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW1RU UT WOS:000383421100024 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Lin, CH Matsuo, T Chen, WH Lee, IT Liu, JY Lin, JT Hsu, CT AF Chen, C. H. Lin, C. H. Matsuo, T. Chen, W. H. Lee, I. T. Liu, J. Y. Lin, J. T. Hsu, C. T. TI Ionospheric data assimilation with thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model and GPS-TEC during geomagnetic SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; KALMAN FILTER; SPACE WEATHER; DENSITY; STORMS; 1ST; TIMED/GUVI; O/N-2 AB The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of rapid assimilation-forecast cycling on the performance of ionospheric data assimilation during geomagnetic storm conditions. An ensemble Kalman filter software developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), called Data Assimilation Research Testbed, is applied to assimilate ground-based GPS total electron content (TEC) observations into a theoretical numerical model of the thermosphere and ionosphere (NCAR thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model) during the 26 September 2011 geomagnetic storm period. Effects of various assimilation-forecast cycle lengths: 60, 30, and 10 min on the ionospheric forecast are examined by using the global root-mean-squared observation-minus-forecast (OmF) TEC residuals. Substantial reduction in the global OmF for the 10 min assimilation-forecast cycling suggests that a rapid cycling ionospheric data assimilation system can greatly improve the quality of the model forecast during geomagnetic storm conditions. Furthermore, updating the thermospheric state variables in the coupled thermosphere-ionosphere forecast model in the assimilation step is an important factor in improving the trajectory of model forecasting. The shorter assimilation-forecast cycling (10 min in this paper) helps to restrain unrealistic model error growth during the forecast step due to the imbalance among model state variables resulting from an inadequate state update, which in turn leads to a greater forecast accuracy. C1 [Chen, C. H.; Lin, C. H.; Chen, W. H.; Lin, J. T.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, Taiwan. [Matsuo, T.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Matsuo, T.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Lee, I. T.] Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan. [Liu, J. Y.; Hsu, C. T.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli, Taiwan. [Liu, J. Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli, Taiwan. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, Taiwan. EM koichi@mail.ncku.edu.tw RI Liu, Jann-Yenq/Q-1668-2015; OI Lin, Charles C. H./0000-0001-8955-8753 FU Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST); National Space Organization (NSPO) of Taiwan [MOST-103-2111-M-006-001-MY2, NSPO-S-102132]; NASA [NNX14AI17G]; AFOSR [FA9550-13-1-0058] FX This paper is supported by Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and National Space Organization (NSPO) of Taiwan to National Cheng Kung University under MOST-103-2111-M-006-001-MY2 and NSPO-S-102132. T.M. is supported by NASA award NNX14AI17G and AFOSR award FA9550-13-1-0058. The source code for the assimilation system and simulation model used in this study, the DART and TIE-GCM, are available at http://www.image.ucar.edu/DAReS/DART/ and http://www.hao.ucar.edu/modeling/tgcm/, respectively. The observations data from ground-based GPS receivers and TIMED-GUVI satellite are available at IGS (https://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/components/data.html) and GUVI website (http://guvi.jhuapl.edu/levels/level3/guvi_on2/plot/gif/2011/ON2_2011_26 9.png). The GUVI data used here are provided through support from the NASA MO&DA program. The GUVI instrument was designed and built by the Aerospace Corporation and the Johns Hopkins University. The Principal Investigator is Andrew B. Christensen and the Chief Scientist and co-PI is Larry J. Paxton. The authors are grateful for the NCAR High Altitude Observatory and Data Assimilation Research Section for their support of TIE-GCM and DART software and thank the reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 5708 EP 5722 DI 10.1002/2015JA021787 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW1RU UT WOS:000383421100054 ER PT J AU Hillary, RM Preece, AL Davies, CR Kurota, H Sakai, O Itoh, T Parma, AM Butterworth, DS Ianelli, J Branch, TA AF Hillary, Richard M. Preece, Ann L. Davies, Campbell R. Kurota, Hiroyuki Sakai, Osamu Itoh, Tomoyuki Parma, Ana M. Butterworth, Doug S. Ianelli, James Branch, Trevor A. TI A scientific alternative to moratoria for rebuilding depleted international tuna stocks SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE International fisheries; management strategy evaluation; stock rebuilding; tuna ID SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA; MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE; FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; FLOUNDERING ATTEMPT; THUNNUS-MACCOYII; LESSONS; UNCERTAINTY; PREDATORS; DEVELOP; BIOMASS AB There is considerable international concern and scientific debate about the current state and future of tuna stocks worldwide and the capacity of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations to manage the associated fisheries effectively. In some cases, this concern has extended to predictions of imminent collapse with minimal chances of recovery, even under a commercial catch moratorium. As a viable alternative to a full fishery closure, the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT) has adopted a scientifically tested, adaptive rebuilding strategy for the depleted southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) stock. The management procedure (MP) adopted involves a harvest control rule that fully specifies the total allowable catch as a function of key indicators of stock status, adjusting future harvest levels every three years so as to meet the rebuilding targets agreed by CCSBT. It was chosen from a subset of candidate MPs selected following extensive simulation testing. This involved first selecting a wide range of plausible scenarios for stock status and input data, ranging from pessimistic to optimistic, against which the alternative candidate MPs were tested to ensure that they were robust to important uncertainties. This is the first time that a comprehensively evaluated MP has been adopted for an internationally managed tuna stock. Both the process and the outcomes have broad applicability to other internationally managed stocks. C1 [Hillary, Richard M.; Preece, Ann L.; Davies, Campbell R.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Kurota, Hiroyuki] Seikai Natl Fisheries Res Inst, 1551-8 Tairamachi, Nagasaki 8512213, Japan. [Kurota, Hiroyuki; Sakai, Osamu; Itoh, Tomoyuki] Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, 5-7-1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Blvd Brown 2915, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [Butterworth, Doug S.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Math & Appl Math, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Ianelli, James] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, REFM Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Branch, Trevor A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 335020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hillary, RM (reprint author), CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. EM Rich.Hillary@csiro.au RI Davies, Campbell/N-8086-2013 OI Davies, Campbell/0000-0002-2028-1060 NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 2 BP 469 EP 482 DI 10.1111/faf.12121 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DU8WE UT WOS:000382495500010 ER PT J AU Liu, HR Lu, FY Liu, ZY Liu, Y Zhang, SQ AF Liu Huaran Lu Feiyu Liu Zhengyu Liu Yun Zhang Shaoqing TI Assimilating atmosphere reanalysis in coupled data assimilation SO JOURNAL OF METEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; reanalysis data; ensemble Kalman filter ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; MODEL; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; PRECIPITATION; IMPACTS; SST AB This paper tests the idea of substituting the atmospheric observations with atmospheric reanalysis when setting up a coupled data assimilation system. The paper focuses on the quantification of the effects on the oceanic analysis resulted from this substitution and designs four different assimilation schemes for such a substitution. A coupled Lorenz96 system is constructed and an ensemble Kalman filter is adopted. The atmospheric reanalysis and oceanic observations are assimilated into the system and the analysis quality is compared to a benchmark experiment where both atmospheric and oceanic observations are assimilated. Four schemes are designed for assimilating the reanalysis and they differ in the generation of the perturbed observation ensemble and the representation of the error covariance matrix. The results show that when the reanalysis is assimilated directly as independent observations, the root-mean-square error increase of oceanic analysis relative to the benchmark is less than 16% in the perfect model framework; in the biased model case, the increase is less than 22%. This result is robust with sufficient ensemble size and reasonable atmospheric observation quality (e.g., frequency, noisiness, and density). If the observation is overly noisy, infrequent, sparse, or the ensemble size is insufficiently small, the analysis deterioration caused by the substitution is less severe since the analysis quality of the benchmark also deteriorates significantly due to worse observations and undersampling. The results from different assimilation schemes highlight the importance of two factors: accurate representation of the error covariance of the reanalysis and the temporal coherence along each ensemble member, which are crucial for the analysis quality of the substitution experiment. C1 [Liu Huaran] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Dept Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Liu Huaran; Lu Feiyu; Liu Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu Yun] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang Shaoqing] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Liu, HR (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Dept Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Liu, HR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hliu287@wisc.edu OI Lu, Feiyu/0000-0001-6532-0740 FU Nanjing University of Information Science Technology FX We gratefully thank Shan Li for helpful discussion. This research is sponsored and supported by Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2095-6037 EI 2198-0934 J9 J METEOROL RES-PRC JI J. Meteorol. Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 30 IS 4 BP 572 EP 583 DI 10.1007/s13351-016-6014-1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DU6OL UT WOS:000382334400009 ER PT J AU Starkweather, S Uttal, T AF Starkweather, Sandra Uttal, Taneil TI Cyberinfrastructure and Collaboratory Support for the Integration of Arctic Atmospheric Research SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Starkweather, Sandra] CIRES Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Uttal, Taneil] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Starkweather, S (reprint author), CIRES Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sandy.starkweather@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 6 BP 917 EP 922 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00144.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS1HA UT WOS:000380345200004 ER PT J AU Cheng, LJ Abraham, J Goni, G Boyer, T Wijffels, S Cowley, R Gouretski, V Reseghetti, F Kizu, S Dong, SF Bringas, F Goes, M Houpert, L Sprintall, J Zhu, J AF Cheng, Lijing Abraham, John Goni, Gustavo Boyer, Timothy Wijffels, Susan Cowley, Rebecca Gouretski, Viktor Reseghetti, Franco Kizu, Shoichi Dong, Shenfu Bringas, Francis Goes, Marlos Houpert, Loic Sprintall, Janet Zhu, Jiang TI XBT Science: Assessment of Instrumental Biases and Errors SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH XBT; SEA-LEVEL RISE; FALL-RATE; UPPER-OCEAN; T-7 XBT; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; TEMPERATURE; TSK; PROFILES; SIPPICAN AB Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data were the major component of the ocean temperature profile observations from the late 1960s through the early 2000s, and XBTs still continue to provide critical data to monitor surface and subsurface currents, meridional heat transport, and ocean heat content. Systematic errors have been identified in the XBT data, some of which originate from computing the depth in the profile using a theoretically and experimentally derived fall-rate equation (FRE). After in-depth studies of these biases and discussions held in several workshops dedicated to discussing XBT biases, the XBT science community met at the Fourth XBT Science Workshop and concluded that XBT biases consist of 1) errors in depth values due to the inadequacy of the probe motion description done by standard FRE and 2) independent pure temperature biases. The depth error and temperature bias are temperature dependent and may depend on the data acquisition and recording system. In addition, the depth bias also includes an offset term. Some biases affecting the XBT-derived temperature profiles vary with manufacturer/probe type and have been shown to be time dependent. Best practices for historical XBT data corrections, recommendations for future collection of metadata to accompany XBT data, impact of XBT biases on scientific applications, and challenges encountered are presented in this manuscript. Analysis of XBT data shows that, despite the existence of these biases, historical XBT data without bias corrections are still suitable for many scientific applications, and that bias-corrected data can be used for climate research. C1 [Cheng, Lijing; Zhu, Jiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Int Ctr Climate & Environm Sci, POB 9804, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Abraham, John] Univ St Thomas, St Paul, MN USA. [Goni, Gustavo; Bringas, Francis] NOAA Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Boyer, Timothy] Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Wijffels, Susan; Cowley, Rebecca] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Gouretski, Viktor] Univ Hamburg, Integrated Climate Data Ctr, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil, Hamburg, Germany. [Reseghetti, Franco] Natl Agcy New Technol Energy & Sustainable Econ D, Pozzuolo Di Lerici, La Spezia, Italy. [Kizu, Shoichi] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. [Dong, Shenfu; Goes, Marlos] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Dong, Shenfu; Goes, Marlos] NOAA Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Houpert, Loic] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Scottish Marine Inst, Oban, Argyll, Scotland. [Sprintall, Janet] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Cheng, LJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Int Ctr Climate & Environm Sci, POB 9804, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM chenglij@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; Goes, Marlos/B-4273-2011; Bringas, Francis/C-4442-2013; Houpert, Loic/B-6008-2015 OI Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; Goes, Marlos/0000-0001-5874-8079; Houpert, Loic/0000-0001-8750-5631 FU International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences (ICCES); Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); World Academy of Sciences (TWAS); National Basic Research Program of China [41476016]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA11010405]; NOAA/AOML; NOAA Climate Program Office FX We acknowledge the International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences (ICCES), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) for supporting the Fourth XBT Workshop, which provided the opportunity for scientists in the XBT community to meet and discuss XBT biases. L. Cheng and J. Zhu are supported by the project "Structures, Variability and Climatic Impacts of Ocean Circulation and Warm Pool in the Tropical Pacific Ocean" of the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant 41476016) and the project "Western Pacific Ocean System: Structure, Dynamics and Consequences" (Grant XDA11010405) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Work by G. Goni, S. Dong, F. Bringas, and M. Goes was supported by NOAA/AOML and by the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 6 BP 923 EP 934 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00031.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS1HA UT WOS:000380345200005 ER PT J AU Corfidi, SF Coniglio, MC Cohen, AE Mead, CM AF Corfidi, Stephen F. Coniglio, Michael C. Cohen, Ariel E. Mead, Corey M. TI A Proposed Revision to the Definition of "Derecho" SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; LOW-LEVEL MESOVORTICES; BOW ECHOES; MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; UNITED-STATES; SQUALL LINES; PART I; REAR-INFLOW; CLIMATOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTS AB The word derecho was first used by Gustavus Hinrichs in 1888 to distinguish the widespread damaging windstorms that occurred on occasion over the mid-Mississippi Valley region of the United States from damaging winds associated with tornadoes. The term soon fell into disuse, however, and did not appear in the literature until Robert Johns and William Hirt resurrected it in the mid-1980s.While the present definition of derecho served well during the early years of the term's reintroduction to the meteorological community, it has several shortcomings. These have become more apparent in recent years as various studies shed light on the physical processes responsible for the production of widespread damaging winds. In particular, the current definition's emphasis on the coverage of storm reports at the expense of identifying the convective structures and physical processes deemed responsible for the reports has led to the term being applied to wind events beyond those for which it originally was intended.The revised definition of a derecho proposed herein is intended to focus more specifically on those types of windstorms that are the most damaging and potentially life threatening because of their intensity, sustenance, and degree of organization. The proposal is not intended to be final or all encompassing, but rather an initial step toward ultimately realizing a more complete physically based taxonomy that also addresses other forms of damaging-wind-producing convective systems. C1 [Corfidi, Stephen F.; Cohen, Ariel E.; Mead, Corey M.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Coniglio, Michael C.] NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Corfidi, SF (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, 120 Boren Blvd,Suite 2030, Norman, OK 73026 USA. EM stephen.corfidi@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 6 BP 935 EP 950 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00254.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS1HA UT WOS:000380345200006 ER PT J AU Gutzler, DS Sullivan, SM Kann, DM AF Gutzler, David S. Sullivan, Sharon M. Kann, Deirdre M. TI An Extreme Annual Precipitation Anomaly in the Preradiosonde Era SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; SOUTHWESTERN USA; EL-NINO; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION AB The wettest year, by a huge margin, in the instrumental history for the state of New Mexico was 1941. The authors describe the extraordinary magnitude and persistence of above-average precipitation across the seasonal cycle during this year and consider possible climatic causes of this exceptional annual anomaly through examination of a wide variety of historical records and modern analysis tools. Indices of the Pacific decadal oscillation and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation were both extremely positive in 1941, consistent with the historical tendency for above-average precipitation across the southern United States under such conditions. However, the largest precipitation anomalies occurred in transition season months that do not fit the typical seasonality associated with strong ENSO- or PDO-related continental climate anomalies in the more recent historical record. The difficulty in attributing this extreme annual anomaly to any specific climatic cause is a reminder that the radiosonde era provides only a limited sample of natural climatic variability. The number and quality of data sources available for preradiosonde years allows for surprisingly in-depth observational analysis of early twentieth-century climatic anomalies. C1 [Gutzler, David S.; Sullivan, Sharon M.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kann, Deirdre M.] Natl Weather Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Sullivan, Sharon M.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Gutzler, DS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, MSC03-2040,1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM gutzler@unm.edu FU NWS Albuquerque; American Meteorological Society FX SMS acknowledges NWS Albuquerque for support as a student volunteer and the American Meteorological Society for an undergraduate scholarship. Dr. Ariane Pinson (USACE Albuquerque) provided helpful comments on an early version of the manuscript. Dr. Gil Compo provided helpful advice with the Twentieth Century Reanalysis. Support for the 20CR Project dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment program, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the NOAA Climate Program Office. Kaplan SST V2 data provided by NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado (www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). Dr. Ken Kunkel, BAMS Editor Mike Alexander, and two anonymous reviewers provided exceptionally thorough and helpful suggestions for revision. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 6 BP 989 EP 1001 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00142.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS1HA UT WOS:000380345200010 ER PT J AU Carbin, GW Tippett, MK Lillo, SP Brooks, HE AF Carbin, Gregory W. Tippett, Michael K. Lillo, Samuel P. Brooks, Harold E. TI Visualizing Long-Range Severe Thunderstorm Environment Guidance from CFSv2 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TORNADO; FORECASTS AB Two novel approaches to extending the range of prediction for environments conducive to severe thunderstorm events are described. One approach charts Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), run-to-run consistency of the areal extent of severe thunderstorm environments using grid counts of the supercell composite parameter (SCP). Visualization of these environments is charted for each 45-day CFSv2 run initialized at 0000 UTC. CFSv2 ensemble-mean forecast maps of SCP coverage over the contiguous United States are also produced for those forecasts meeting certain criteria for high-impact weather. The applicability of this approach to the severe weather prediction challenge is illustrated using CFSv2 output for a series of severe weather episodes occurring in March and April 2014. Another approach, possibly extending severe weather predictability from CFSv2, utilizes a run-cumulative time-averaging technique of SCP grid counts. This process is described and subjectively verified with severe weather events from early 2014. C1 [Carbin, Gregory W.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. [Lillo, Samuel P.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Carbin, GW (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Weather Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM gregory.carbin@noaa.gov RI Tippett, Michael/C-6286-2011 OI Tippett, Michael/0000-0002-7790-5364 FU NOAA [NA14OAR4310185]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-091]; Columbia University Research Initiatives for Science and Engineering (RISE) award; NOAA-OAR-CPO Grant [2014-2003692] FX This study was supported by NOAA Award NA14OAR4310185, the Office of Naval Research Award N00014-12-1-091, and a Columbia University Research Initiatives for Science and Engineering (RISE) award. S. Lillo's contribution was supported under NOAA-OAR-CPO Grant 2014-2003692. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. We wish to thank Israel Jirak of SPC for his thorough review of the manuscript prior to submission and three reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions to improve this work. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1021 EP 1031 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00136.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS1HA UT WOS:000380345200012 ER PT J AU Uttal, T Starkweather, S Drummond, JR Vihma, T Makshtas, AP Darby, LS Burkhart, JF Cox, CJ Schmeisser, LN Haiden, T Maturilli, M Shupe, MD De Boer, G Saha, A Grachev, AA Crepinsek, SM Bruhwiler, L Goodison, B McArthur, B Walden, VP Dlugokencky, EJ Persson, POG Lesins, G Laurila, T Ogren, JA Stone, R Long, CN Sharma, S Massling, A Turner, DD Stanitski, DM Asmi, E Aurela, M Skov, H Eleftheriadis, K Virkkula, A Platt, A Forland, EJ Iijima, Y Nielsen, IE Bergin, MH Candlish, L Zimov, NS Zimov, SA O'Neill, NT Fogal, PF Kivi, R Konopleva-Akish, EA Verlinde, J Kustov, VY Vasel, B Ivakhov, VM Viisanen, Y Intrieri, JM AF Uttal, Taneil Starkweather, Sandra Drummond, James R. Vihma, Timo Makshtas, Alexander P. Darby, Lisa S. Burkhart, John F. Cox, Christopher J. Schmeisser, Lauren N. Haiden, Thomas Maturilli, Marion Shupe, Matthew D. De Boer, Gijs Saha, Auromeet Grachev, Andrey A. Crepinsek, Sara M. Bruhwiler, Lori Goodison, Barry McArthur, Bruce Walden, Von P. Dlugokencky, Edward J. Persson, P. Ola G. Lesins, Glen Laurila, Tuomas Ogren, John A. Stone, Robert Long, Charles N. Sharma, Sangeeta Massling, Andreas Turner, David D. Stanitski, Diane M. Asmi, Eija Aurela, Mika Skov, Henrik Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos Virkkula, Aki Platt, Andrew Forland, Eirik J. Iijima, Yoshihiro Nielsen, Ingeborg E. Bergin, Michael H. Candlish, Lauren Zimov, Nikita S. Zimov, Sergey A. O'Neill, Norman T. Fogal, Pierre F. Kivi, Rigel Konopleva-Akish, Elena A. Verlinde, Johannes Kustov, Vasily Y. Vasel, Brian Ivakhov, Viktor M. Viisanen, Yrjoe Intrieri, Janet M. TI International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere: An International Polar Year Legacy Consortium SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; CLOUD PROPERTIES; CLIMATE SYSTEM; BOUNDARY-LAYER; BLACK CARBON; ANNUAL CYCLE; SURFACE; NORTH; SHEBA; SNOW AB International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere (IASOA) activities and partnerships were initiated as a part of the 2007-09 International Polar Year (IPY) and are expected to continue for many decades as a legacy program. The IASOA focus is on coordinating intensive measurements of the Arctic atmosphere collected in the United States, Canada, Russia, Norway, Finland, and Greenland to create synthesis science that leads to an understanding of why and not just how the Arctic atmosphere is evolving. The IASOA premise is that there are limitations with Arctic modeling and satellite observations that can only be addressed with boots-on-the-ground, in situ observations and that the potential of combining individual station and network measurements into an integrated observing system is tremendous. The IASOA vision is that by further integrating with other network observing programs focusing on hydrology, glaciology, oceanography, terrestrial, and biological systems it will be possible to understand the mechanisms of the entire Arctic system, perhaps well enough for humans to mitigate undesirable variations and adapt to inevitable change. C1 [Uttal, Taneil; Starkweather, Sandra; Darby, Lisa S.; Cox, Christopher J.; Schmeisser, Lauren N.; Shupe, Matthew D.; De Boer, Gijs; Grachev, Andrey A.; Crepinsek, Sara M.; Bruhwiler, Lori; Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Persson, P. Ola G.; Ogren, John A.; Long, Charles N.; Stanitski, Diane M.; Konopleva-Akish, Elena A.; Vasel, Brian; Intrieri, Janet M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Starkweather, Sandra; Cox, Christopher J.; Schmeisser, Lauren N.; Shupe, Matthew D.; De Boer, Gijs; Grachev, Andrey A.; Crepinsek, Sara M.; Persson, P. Ola G.; Long, Charles N.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Drummond, James R.; Lesins, Glen] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Vihma, Timo; Laurila, Tuomas; Asmi, Eija; Aurela, Mika; Virkkula, Aki; Kivi, Rigel; Viisanen, Yrjoe] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland. [Vihma, Timo; Laurila, Tuomas; Asmi, Eija; Aurela, Mika; Virkkula, Aki; Kivi, Rigel; Viisanen, Yrjoe] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Sodankyla, Finland. [Vihma, Timo] Univ Ctr Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway. [Makshtas, Alexander P.; Kustov, Vasily Y.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, Makshtas & Kustustustov, St Petersburg, Russia. [Burkhart, John F.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Burkhart, John F.] Univ Calif Merced, Merced, CA USA. [Haiden, Thomas] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. [Maturilli, Marion] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany. [Saha, Auromeet] Univ Sherbrooke, Le Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada. [Saha, Auromeet; Goodison, Barry; Sharma, Sangeeta; Platt, Andrew] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. [McArthur, Bruce] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Walden, Von P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA USA. [Stone, Robert] CIRES, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Massling, Andreas; Skov, Henrik; Nielsen, Ingeborg E.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Roskilde, Denmark. [Massling, Andreas; Skov, Henrik; Nielsen, Ingeborg E.] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Aarhus, Denmark. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Environm Radioact Lab, Inst Nucl & Radiol Sci & Technol Energy & Safety, Athens, Greece. [Forland, Eirik J.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Iijima, Yoshihiro] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Climate & Environm Res, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. [Bergin, Michael H.] Duke Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC USA. [Candlish, Lauren] Univ Manitoba, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Zimov, Nikita S.; Zimov, Sergey A.] Russian Acad Sci, North East Sci Stn, Pacific Inst Geog, Republic Of Sakha, Yakutia, Russia. [O'Neill, Norman T.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada. [Fogal, Pierre F.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Konopleva-Akish, Elena A.] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Verlinde, Johannes] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ivakhov, Viktor M.] Main Geophys Observ, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Uttal, T (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM taneil.uttal@noaa.gov RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Cox, Christopher/O-4276-2016; Burkhart, John/B-7095-2008; OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Cox, Christopher/0000-0003-2203-7173; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693; GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820; Skov, Henrik/0000-0003-1167-8696 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office's Arctic Research Program; National Science Foundation [ARC-1107428, ARC-0904152, PLR-1314156, PLR-1203889, ARC 12-16489, PLR-1303879, PLR-1546002, PLR-1042531, ARC-0856773, PLR-1414314]; NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory's Physical Sciences Division; NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory's Global Monitoring Division; Academy of Finland [269095, 259537, 283101, 118615]; KONE Foundation [46-6817]; Magnus Ehrnooth Foundation; Government of Canada International Polar Year; Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Ontario Innovation Trust; Ontario Research Fund; Indian and Northern Affairs Canada; Polar Continental Shelf Program; NSERC Collaborative Research and Training Experience-Training Program in Arctic Atmospheric Science; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Environment Canada (EC) Climate Research Division/Atmospheric Science and Technology Branch; AEROCAN/AERONET program; Technology Directorate of Environment Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Roshydromet Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute; Roshydromet Main Geophysical Observatory; Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics; Danish Environmental Protection Agency; Nordic Centre of Excellence (CRAICC); Royal Danish Air Force; Villum Foundation; U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation [RUG1-2976-ST-10]; NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory; Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program [DE-SC0008830, DOE DE-SC0011918, DE-FG02-05ER64058, DE-SC0013306]; EU FX The support of the following agencies is acknowledged: the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office's Arctic Research Program, the National Science Foundation (ARC-1107428, ARC-0904152, PLR-1314156, PLR-1203889, ARC 12-16489, PLR-1303879, PLR-1546002, PLR-1042531, ARC-0856773, and PLR-1414314), the NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory's Physical Sciences Division and Global Monitoring Division, the Academy of Finland (269095, 259537, 283101, and 118615), the KONE Foundation (46-6817), a Magnus Ehrnooth Foundation grant for "Natural climate feedbacks of aerosols in the Arctic," the Government of Canada International Polar Year, the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, the Ontario Innovation Trust, the Ontario Research Fund, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, the Polar Continental Shelf Program, the NSERC Collaborative Research and Training Experience-Training Program in Arctic Atmospheric Science, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, Environment Canada (EC) Climate Research Division/Atmospheric Science and Technology Branch and AEROCAN/AERONET program, Technology Directorate of Environment Canada, the Canadian Space Agency, the Roshydromet Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, the Roshydromet Main Geophysical Observatory, the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the Nordic Centre of Excellence (CRAICC), the Royal Danish Air Force, the Villum Foundation, the U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation (RUG1-2976-ST-10), the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory, the Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program (DE-SC0008830, DOE DE-SC0011918, DE-FG02-05ER64058, and DE-SC0013306), and EU programs FP6 and FP7. There are a number of individuals without whom the IASOA would have been impossible including John Calder, Artur Chilingarov, Simon Stephenson, Yuri Tsaturov, Alexander Bedritsky, Alexander Frolov, Kathy Crane, and Russell Schnell. This article is dedicated to the memory of Lisa LeBlanc, Alexander Reshetnikov, and John Lau Hansen. NR 81 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1056 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00145.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS1HA UT WOS:000380345200013 ER PT J AU Kirstetter, PE Yu, TY Palmer, R Parsons, D Ishikawa, H Erlingis, JM AF Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Yu, Tian-You Palmer, Robert Parsons, David Ishikawa, Hirohiko Erlingis, Jessica M. TI ISEC 2015: Integrating Research and Education to Study Severe Weather and Climate Variability SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Yu, Tian-You; Palmer, Robert] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yu, Tian-You; Palmer, Robert] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yu, Tian-You; Palmer, Robert; Parsons, David; Erlingis, Jessica M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ishikawa, Hirohiko] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto, Japan. RP Kirstetter, PE (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, 4642,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM pierre.kirstetter@noaa.gov RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 6 BP ESI29 EP ESI32 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0010.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS1HA UT WOS:000380345200002 ER PT J AU Vellore, RK Kaplan, ML Krishnan, R Lewis, JM Sabade, S Deshpande, N Singh, BB Madhura, RK Rao, MVSR AF Vellore, Ramesh K. Kaplan, Michael L. Krishnan, R. Lewis, John M. Sabade, Sudhir Deshpande, Nayana Singh, Bhupendra B. Madhura, R. K. Rao, M. V. S. Rama TI Monsoon-extratropical circulation interactions in Himalayan extreme rainfall SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Extreme precipitation events; Indian summer monsoon; Midlatitude interactions; Ageostrophic transverse circulations ID INDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; ROSSBY-WAVE BREAKING; TROPOSPHERIC JET STREAK; FLASH-FLOODING STORM; ASIAN RIVER-BASINS; PCMDI/CMIP3 EXPERIMENTS; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; PLANETARY-WAVES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STEEP EDGE AB Extreme precipitation and flood episodes in the Himalayas are oftentimes traced to synoptic situations involving connections between equatorward advancing upper level extratropical circulations and moisture-laden tropical monsoon circulation. While previous studies have documented precipitation characteristics in the Himalayan region during severe storm cases, a comprehensive understanding of circulation dynamics of extreme precipitation mechanisms is still warranted. In this study, a detailed analysis is performed using rainfall observations and reanalysis circulation products to understand the evolution of monsoon-extratropical circulation features and their interactions based on 34 extreme precipitation events which occurred in the Western Himalayas (WEH) during the period 1979-2013. Our results provide evidence for a common large-scale circulation pattern connecting the extratropics and the South Asian monsoon region, which is favorable for extreme precipitation occurrences in the WEH region. This background upper level large-scale circulation pattern consists of a deep southward penetrating midlatitude westerly trough, a blocking high over western Eurasia and an intensifying Tibetan anticyclone. It is further seen from our analysis that the key elements of monsoon-midlatitude interactions, responsible for extreme precipitation events over the WEH region, are: (1) midlatitude Rossby wave breaking, (2) west-northwest propagation of monsoon low-pressure system from the Bay of Bengal across the Indian subcontinent, (3) eddy shedding of the Tibetan anticyclone, (4) ageostrophic motions and transverse circulation across the Himalayas, and (5) strong moist convection over the Himalayan foothills. Furthermore, high-resolution numerical simulations indicate that diabatic heating and mesoscale ageostrophic effects can additionally amplify the convective motions and precipitation in the WEH region. C1 [Vellore, Ramesh K.; Krishnan, R.; Sabade, Sudhir; Deshpande, Nayana; Singh, Bhupendra B.; Madhura, R. K.; Rao, M. V. S. Rama] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Ctr Climate Change Res, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Kaplan, Michael L.; Lewis, John M.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. [Lewis, John M.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Vellore, RK (reprint author), Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Ctr Climate Change Res, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. EM rameshv@tropmet.res.in NR 116 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 46 IS 11-12 BP 3517 EP 3546 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2784-x PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9NA UT WOS:000381108600010 ER PT J AU Antico, A Torres, ME Diaz, HF AF Antico, Andres Torres, Maria E. Diaz, Henry F. TI Contributions of different time scales to extreme Parana floods SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Parana River; Extreme floods; Empirical time-scale decomposition; Climate oscillations ID RIVER; VARIABILITY; EVENTS; DECOMPOSITION; DISCHARGE; SERIES; WATER AB The present study provides the first complete examination of how different time scales contributed to generate the four largest observed floods of the Parana River (1905, 1983, 1992 and 1998). This inspection is based on the results from a previous study where an empirical method was used to decompose a 1904-2010 Parana flow record (monthly means) into several physically meaningful oscillations with distinctive time scales or periods (few months to decades), and a secular increasing trend. We show that all the oscillations largely contributed to the four extreme floods, except an 18-year cycle that did not contribute to the 1992 flood. Sporadic intense constructive interferences between interannual-to-interdecadal (3-85 years) cycles determined (i) the favorable conditions for extreme-flood occurrence, and (ii) notable differences among floods. Indeed, in 1983, the largest flood ever recorded resulted mainly from an exceptionally strong constructive interference between cycles of 3-5, 9, 18 and 31-85 years, which are related to El Nino events, the North Atlantic Oscillation, the South Atlantic Convergence Zone, and the Pacific Ocean, respectively. Contributions of the 31-85-year cycle to the two biggest floods (1983 and 1992) are larger than the contributions of the secular upward trend, suggesting the importance of this slow oscillation in flood formation processes. The implications of our results for understanding and predicting Parana floods are discussed. C1 [Antico, Andres; Torres, Maria E.] Univ Nacl Litoral, Fac Ingn & Ciencias Hidr, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Torres, Maria E.] Univ Nacl Entre Rios, Fac Ingn, Lab Senales & Dinam Lineales, Oro Verde, Entre Rios, Argentina. [Diaz, Henry F.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Antico, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Litoral, Fac Ingn & Ciencias Hidr, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina. EM aantico@santafe-conicet.gov.ar FU Universidad Nacional del Litoral through the CAI+D program; Universidad Nacional del Litoral through the PIRHCa program FX We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Parana flow data were provided by the Subsecretaria de Recursos Hidricos, Argentina (data available at http://www.hidricosargentina.gov.ar). This research was supported by the Universidad Nacional del Litoral through the CAI+D and PIRHCa programs. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 46 IS 11-12 BP 3785 EP 3792 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2804-x PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9NA UT WOS:000381108600025 ER PT J AU Gilles, A Viquerat, S Becker, EA Forney, KA Geelhoed, SCV Haelters, J Nabe-Nielsen, J Scheidat, M Siebert, U Sveegaard, S van Beest, FM van Bemmelen, R Aarts, G AF Gilles, A. Viquerat, S. Becker, E. A. Forney, K. A. Geelhoed, S. C. V. Haelters, J. Nabe-Nielsen, J. Scheidat, M. Siebert, U. Sveegaard, S. van Beest, F. M. van Bemmelen, R. Aarts, G. TI Seasonal habitat-based density models for a marine top predator, the harbor porpoise, in a dynamic environment SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE aerial surveys; conservation; generalized additive model; harbor porpoise; marine mammals; marine spatial planning; North Sea; species distribution modeling; top predator ID CUMULATIVE HUMAN IMPACTS; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; NORTH-SEA; FORAGING STRATEGY; ABUNDANCE; SCALE; MANAGEMENT; AREAS; PREFERENCES; FRONTS AB Effective species conservation and management requires information on species distribution patterns, which is challenging for highly mobile and cryptic species that may be subject to multiple anthropogenic stressors across international boundaries. Understanding species-habitat relationships can improve the assessment of trends and distribution by explicitly allowing high-resolution data on habitats to inform abundance estimation and the identification of protected areas. In this study, we aggregated an unprecedented set of survey data of a marine top predator, the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), collected in the UK (SCANS II, Dogger Bank), Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark, to develop seasonal habitat-based density models for the central and southern North Sea. Visual survey data were collected over 9 yr (2005-2013) by means of dedicated line-transect surveys, taking into account the proportion of missed sightings. Generalized additive models of porpoise density were fitted to 156,630 km of on-effort survey data with 14,356 sightings of porpoise groups. Selected predictors included static and dynamic variables, such as depth, distance to shore and to sandeel (Ammodytes spp.) grounds, sea surface temperature (SST), proxies for fronts, and day length. Day length and the spatial distribution of daily SST proved to be good proxies for "season," allowing predictions in both space and time. The density models captured seasonal distribution shifts of porpoises across international boundaries. By combining the large-scale international SCANS II survey with the more frequent, small-scale national surveys, it has been possible to provide seasonal maps that will be used to assist the EU Habitats and Marine Strategy Framework Directives in effectively assessing the conservation status of harbor porpoises. Moreover, our results can facilitate the identification of regions where human activities and disturbances are likely to impact the population and are especially relevant for marine spatial planning, which requires accurate fine-scale maps of species distribution to assess risks of increasing human activities at sea. C1 [Gilles, A.; Viquerat, S.; Siebert, U.] Univ Vet Med Hannover, Inst Terr & Aquat Wildlife Res, Werftstr 6, D-25761 Busum, Germany. [Gilles, A.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Becker, E. A.; Forney, K. A.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Geelhoed, S. C. V.; Scheidat, M.; van Bemmelen, R.; Aarts, G.] IMARES Wageningen Inst Marine Resource & Ecosyst, Ankerpk 27, NL-1781 AG Den Helder, Netherlands. [Haelters, J.] Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Operat Directorate Nat, 3de 23ste Linieregimentspl, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium. [Nabe-Nielsen, J.; Sveegaard, S.; van Beest, F. M.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Aarts, G.] Wageningen UR, Dept Aquat Ecol & Water Qual Management, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Gilles, A (reprint author), Univ Vet Med Hannover, Inst Terr & Aquat Wildlife Res, Werftstr 6, D-25761 Busum, Germany.; Gilles, A (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM anita.gilles@tiho-hannover.de OI van Beest, Floris/0000-0002-5701-4927 FU offshore wind developers Vattenfall; Forewind; SMart Wind; ENECO Luchterduinen; East Anglia Offshore Wind; Danish Nature Agency; Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) [0327520, 0329946/B/C/D, 0327689A]; Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN); Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) [514-33.29/03HS059]; Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC, UK); Ministry of Economic Affairs; Agriculture and Innovation of The Netherlands (EL I); Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (EZ) [BO-11-011.04-004, BO-11-011.02-004, BO-011.04-030]; Ministry of Infrastructure; UK's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA); Nature Agency under the Danish Ministry of Environment; SCANS II data [LIFE04NAT/GB/000245]; Humboldt Foundation; Environment (Rijkswaterstaat) FX This study is part of the DEPONS project (www.depons.au.dk) funded by the offshore wind developers Vattenfall, Forewind, SMart Wind, ENECO Luchterduinen and East Anglia Offshore Wind. Co-funding was provided by the Danish Nature Agency and Rijkswaterstaat NL. We thank J.K. Larsen for coordinating this subproject. A. Gilles was supported by the Humboldt Foundation. We thank R. Mendelssohn for his assistance with ERDDAP and A. Rindorf for providing the locations of sandeel grounds. We are grateful to cruise leaders, observers, and pilots collecting the survey data. The surveys in Germany were funded by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB; projects MINOS, MINOSplus, and StUKplus; project ref. no. 0327520, 0329946/B/C/D, and 0327689A), the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN; projects EMSON, "Development of a harbor porpoise monitoring concept to fulfil the EU Habitats Directive reporting requirements" and "Monitoring of marine mammals in the framework of NATURA 2000") and the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL; 514-33.29/03HS059). The 2011 Dogger Bank survey was funded by the BfN with co-funding from the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC, UK), the Danish Nature Agency and the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation of The Netherlands (EL & I). The surveys in Dutch waters and on the Dogger Bank 2013 were funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (EZ; BO-11-011.04-004, BO-11-011.02-004, BO-011.04-030), the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment (Rijkswaterstaat) and the UK's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). Danish survey data were collected as part of the Danish harbor porpoise surveillance program, NOVANA, funded by The Nature Agency under the Danish Ministry of Environment. Belgian data result from the monitoring program on the ecological effects of offshore wind farms in Belgian waters. We also thank P.S. Hammond for providing the SCANS II data, collected in project LIFE04NAT/GB/000245. We thank J.V. Redfern and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier draft. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 6 AR e01367 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1367 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU4CD UT WOS:000382158500009 ER PT J AU Arnaut, LR Marvin, AC Wilson, PF AF Arnaut, L. R. Marvin, A. C. Wilson, P. F. TI Special Section in Memory of Prof. Paolo Corona SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID REVERBERATING ENCLOSURE C1 [Arnaut, L. R.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. [Arnaut, L. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Arnaut, L. R.] BAE Syst Its RUSSTECH Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Arnaut, L. R.] UK Natl Phys Lab, Teddington, Middx, England. [Arnaut, L. R.] Wireless Commun Grp, Oxford, England. [Arnaut, L. R.] AKS Ltd, London, England. [Arnaut, L. R.] Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Arnaut, L. R.] Queen Mary Univ London, London, England. [Arnaut, L. R.] Beijing Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Arnaut, L. R.] Lab Stochast Electromagnet & Wave Complex, London, England. [Arnaut, L. R.] IEC Joint Task Force CISPR A SC77B, London, England. [Arnaut, L. R.] IET, London, England. [Marvin, A. C.] York EMC Serv Ltd, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Marvin, A. C.] Univ York, Dept Elect, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Wilson, P. F.] NIST, RF Fields Grp, RF Technol Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Arnaut, LR (reprint author), Queen Mary Univ London, London, England.; Arnaut, LR (reprint author), Imperial Coll London, London, England.; Arnaut, LR (reprint author), French Natl Inst Appl Sci INSA, Toulouse, France.; Arnaut, LR (reprint author), Univ Paris, Paris, France. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 EI 1558-187X J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 58 IS 3 BP 640 EP 642 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2016.2549006 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DT4EO UT WOS:000381433100002 ER PT J AU Remley, KA Dortmans, J Weldon, C Horansky, RD Meurs, TB Wang, CM Williams, DF Holloway, CL Wilson, PF AF Remley, Kate A. Dortmans, Jos Weldon, Catherine Horansky, Robert D. Meurs, Thomas B. Wang, Chih-Ming Williams, Dylan F. Holloway, Christopher L. Wilson, Perry F. TI Configuring and Verifying Reverberation Chambers for Testing Cellular Wireless Devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Cellular telecommunications; microwave measurement; reverberation chamber; wireless system ID INDEPENDENT SAMPLES; CHANNEL; UNCERTAINTY; PERFORMANCE; MULTIPATH; MODELS; NUMBER; MIMO AB Reverberation chambers provide a repeatable test environment for laboratory over-the-air testing and represent a viable solution for testing large-form-factor wireless devices. Such tests often involve "imperfect chamber" configurations in which the chamber is loaded with RF absorbing material. We provide step-by-step guidance on configuring and verifying chamber performance for over-the-air tests of single-antenna cellular wireless devices. We illustrate these methods with numerous examples, highlighting the tradeoffs in various chamber configurations. We conclude by calculating total radiated power and total isotropic sensitivity for a cellular-enabled wireless router and discuss methods for assessing uncertainty in estimates of these quantities. C1 [Remley, Kate A.; Dortmans, Jos; Weldon, Catherine; Horansky, Robert D.; Meurs, Thomas B.; Wang, Chih-Ming; Williams, Dylan F.; Holloway, Christopher L.; Wilson, Perry F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kate.remley@nist.gov; j.n.h.dortmans@student.tue.nl; cfw56@cornell.edu; robert.horansky@nist.gov; t.b.meurs@student.tue.nl; jwang@boulder.nist.gov; dylan@boulder.nist.gov; holloway@boulder.nist.gov; pfw@boulder.nist.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 EI 1558-187X J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 58 IS 3 BP 661 EP 672 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2016.2549031 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DT4EO UT WOS:000381433100005 ER PT J AU Senic, D Sarolic, A Joskiewicz, ZM Holloway, CL AF Senic, Damir Sarolic, Antonio Joskiewicz, Zbigniew M. Holloway, Christopher L. TI Absorption Cross-Section Measurements of a Human Model in a Reverberation Chamber SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Absorption cross-section; absorption effectiveness (AE); human exposure; loading; Q-factor; reverberation chamber ID HUMAN-BODY; MULTIPATH AB We provide the results of human body absorption cross-section (ACS) measurements. The setup was based on the reverberation chamber as a well-known measurement environment capable of performing ACS measurements. The approach was supported by reference measurements on canonically shaped objects which were convenient for analytical (Mie scattering theory) ACS calculations. Measured ACS of canonical objects was in excellent agreement with calculated values. The ACS measurements of a human model were performed: 1) on an actual human body in an upright posture and 2) on a cylindrical water model made of vertically stacked water-filled jugs. The cylindrical model had the same water content as an average human body. Comparison between these two models showed a small difference in measured ACS within the measurement uncertainty of our setup. Thus, the cylindrical water model proved to be a useful artifact, especially for time-consuming broadband ACS measurements. C1 [Senic, Damir; Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sarolic, Antonio] Univ Split, Chair Appl Electromagnet, Fac Elect Engn Mech Engn & Naval Architecture, Split 21000, Croatia. [Joskiewicz, Zbigniew M.] Wroclaw Univ Technol, Fac Elect, Lab Electromagnet Compatibil, Telecommun & Teleinformat Dept, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. RP Senic, D (reprint author), NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Damir.Senic@nist.gov; Antonio.Sarolic@fesb.hr; Zbigniew.Joskiewicz@pwr.wroc.pl; Christopher.Holloway@nist.gov FU U.S. government; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia [023-0000000-3273] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. government and the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia under the Research Project 023-0000000-3273 "Measurements in EMC and EM health effects research.". NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 EI 1558-187X J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 58 IS 3 BP 721 EP 728 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2016.2522949 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DT4EO UT WOS:000381433100012 ER PT J AU Langen, T Gasenzer, T Schmiedmayer, J AF Langen, Tim Gasenzer, Thomas Schmiedmayer, Joerg TI Prethermalization and universal dynamics in near-integrable quantum systems SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE cold atoms; generalized Gibbs ensemble; quantum quenches; quantum thermalization ID FUNCTIONAL RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; MANY-BODY SYSTEM; SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY-BREAKING; DIMENSIONAL XY-MODEL; TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; LONG-RANGE ORDER; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; IMPENETRABLE BOSONS; INFORMATION-THEORY AB We review the recent progress in the understanding of the relaxation of isolated near-integrable quantum many-body systems. Focusing on prethermalization and universal dynamics following a quench, we describe the experiments with ultracold atomic gases that illustrate these phenomena and summarize the essential theoretical concepts employed to interpret them. Our discussion highlights the key topics that link the different approaches to this interdisciplinary field, including the generalized Gibbs ensemble, non-thermal fixed points, critical slowing and universal scaling. Finally, we point to new experimental challenges demonstrating these fundamental features of many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium. C1 [Langen, Tim] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Langen, Tim] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gasenzer, Thomas] Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, Neuenheimer Feld 227, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Gasenzer, Thomas] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, ExtreMe Matter Inst EMMI, Planckstr 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Schmiedmayer, Joerg] TU Wien, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, Atominst, Stn Allee 2, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. RP Langen, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Langen, T (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tim.langen@colorado.edu; t.gasenzer@uni-heidelberg.de; schmiedmayer@atomchip.org RI Schmiedmayer, Jorg/B-4717-2008 OI Schmiedmayer, Jorg/0000-0001-7799-5614 FU EU (SIQS); EU (ERC advanced grant QuantumRelax); EU (FET-Proactive grant AQuS); EU [640800]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF); National Science Foundation [NSF PHY11-25915]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX The authors thank J Berges, F Brock, H Cakir, I Chantesana, S Czischek, E G Dalla Torre, M Davis, E Demler, J Eisert, S Erne, F Essler, C Ewerz, R Geiger, M Gring, A Johnson, M Karl, V Kasper, M Kastner, K Kheruntsyan, M Kronenwett, M Kuhnert, P Kunkel, D Linnemann, S Mathey, I Mazets, L McLerran, W Muessel, E Nicklas, B Nowak, M Oberthaler, J Pawlowski, A Pineiro Orioli, M Prufer, B Rauer, H Salman, A Samberg, C Scheppach, C Schmied, J Schole, T Schweigler, D Sexty, H Strobel, T Wright, and J Zill for discussions and collaboration on the topics described here. They acknowledge funding by the EU (SIQS, ERC advanced grant QuantumRelax, FET-Proactive grant AQuS, Project No 640800), by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), and by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF PHY11-25915. TL acknowledges support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through a Feodor Lynen Fellowship. NR 294 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD JUN PY 2016 AR 064009 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2016/06/064009 PG 36 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA DT3CP UT WOS:000381358400033 ER PT J AU Flitcroft, RL Bottom, DL Haberman, KL Bierly, KF Jones, KK Simenstad, CA Gray, A Ellingson, KS Baumgartner, E Cornwell, TJ Campbell, LA AF Flitcroft, Rebecca L. Bottom, Daniel L. Haberman, Karen L. Bierly, Ken F. Jones, Kim K. Simenstad, Charles A. Gray, Ayesha Ellingson, Kami S. Baumgartner, Erin Cornwell, Trevan J. Campbell, Lance A. TI Expect the unexpected: place-based protections can lead to unforeseen benefits SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SALMON RIVER ESTUARY; FISH GROWTH; OREGON; RESTORATION; RESIDENCY; USA; RESILIENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; HABITAT; HISTORY AB 1. Protection of places important for aesthetic, ecological, and cultural values has been a goal of conservationists for over 150 years. Cornerstones of place-based conservation include legal designations, international agreements, and purchase by public or non-profit organizations. 2. In the Salmon River catchment, Oregon, protections were initially developed in the 1930s for the freshwater riparian corridor and forestry research in the uplands. Over time, additional protections in the estuary and nearshore marine environments were added, motivated by local desire to protect and restore habitats and fish populations. 3. Removal of three levees in the Salmon River estuary occurred over three consecutive 9-year time-steps, and provided the opportunity for research on tidal marsh recovery in the framework of a space-for-time chronoseries. Elevation, channel morphology, and vegetation all exhibited trajectories toward reference conditions. Fish and macroinvertebrates also served as indicators of tidal marsh recovery, although their recovery patterns were not strictly related to the chrono-series trajectories. The extent of restoration provided a novel opportunity to measure a significant response of biotic indicators at the site and catchment scales. 4. Salt marsh restoration augmented protected freshwater habitats by expanding rearing habitats for juvenile salmonids and increasing expression of life-history diversity for both Chinook and coho salmon. This finding highlights linkages between freshwater and marine habitats and populations, and has the potential to influence important policy advances and changes in management of Pacific salmon. 5. Restoration promoted collaborations among stakeholders, community involvement, and inspiring educational opportunities that enabled more comprehensive research than any single sponsor could have accomplished. 6. Protected status designations have fostered a wealth of opportunities that were not specifically envisioned when the protections were first put in place. In particular, dedicated scientific investigation of landscape-scale change did not occur by design, but was pieced together as funding opportunities arose over time. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Flitcroft, Rebecca L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bottom, Daniel L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Ecol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Haberman, Karen L.; Baumgartner, Erin] Western Oregon Univ, Div Nat Sci & Math, Monmouth, OR USA. [Bierly, Ken F.] Bierly & Associates, Salem, OR USA. [Jones, Kim K.; Cornwell, Trevan J.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Conservat & Recovery Sect, Corvallis, OR USA. [Simenstad, Charles A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gray, Ayesha] Mississippi Dept Marine Resources, Grand Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Moss Point, MS USA. [Ellingson, Kami S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Siuslaw Natl Forest, Corvallis, OR USA. [Campbell, Lance A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Campbell, Lance A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Flitcroft, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rflitcroft@fs.fed.us FU Oregon Sea Grant; Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board; National Science Foundation; USFS; ODFW FX Some extremely dedicated individuals looked at the Salmon River catchment as a unique research opportunity, beginning with Bob Frenkel of Oregon State University starting in the late 1970s. In many instances they worked at Salmon River despite institutional resistance and lack of dedicated funding. Funding gaps were filled by a suite of organizations, most notably Oregon Sea Grant, but also the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board, National Science Foundation, USFS, and the ODFW. The dedication by graduate students and undergraduates who have participated in the research in the Salmon River catchment has been instrumental in data collection, analyses, and developing research topics and interests. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 SU 1 BP 39 EP 59 DI 10.1002/aqc.2660 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DT2GL UT WOS:000381298700004 ER PT J AU Eason, T Garmestani, AS Stow, CA Rojo, C Alvarez-Cobelas, M Cabezas, H AF Eason, Tarsha Garmestani, Ahjond S. Stow, Craig A. Rojo, Carmen Alvarez-Cobelas, Miguel Cabezas, Heriberto TI Managing for resilience: an information theory-based approach to assessing ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystems; Fisher information; indicators; indices; information theory; leading indicators; multivariate; regime shifts; resilience ID ECOLOGICAL REGIME SHIFTS; EARLY-WARNING SIGNALS; FISHER INFORMATION; CRITICAL TRANSITIONS; SYSTEMS; SUSTAINABILITY; INDICATORS; PACIFIC; DROUGHT; TIME AB 1. Ecosystems are complex and multivariate; hence, methods to assess the dynamics of ecosystems should have the capacity to evaluate multiple indicators simultaneously. 2. Most research on identifying leading indicators of regime shifts has focused on univariate methods and simple models which have limited utility when evaluating real ecosystems, particularly because drivers are often unknown. 3. We discuss some common univariate and multivariate approaches for detecting critical transitions in ecosystems and demonstrate their capabilities via case studies. 4. Synthesis and applications. We illustrate the utility of an information theory-based index for assessing ecosystem dynamics. Trends in this index also provide a sentinel of both abrupt and gradual transitions in ecosystems. C1 [Eason, Tarsha; Garmestani, Ahjond S.; Cabezas, Heriberto] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Rojo, Carmen] Univ Valencia, Cavanilles Inst Biodivers & Evolutionary Biol, Valencia, Spain. [Alvarez-Cobelas, Miguel] Spanish Natl Res Council, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Madrid, Spain. [Cabezas, Heriberto] Univ Pannonia, Dept Comp Sci & Syst Technol, H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary. RP Eason, T (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM eason.tarsha@epa.gov FU United States Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis FX This paper is an outwork of discussions at the Managing for Resilience Working Group, funded by the United States Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. GLERL contribution number 1786. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 17 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 656 EP 665 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12597 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR7FM UT WOS:000380065400005 ER PT J AU Angeler, DG Allen, CR Barichievy, C Eason, T Garmestani, AS Graham, NAJ Granholm, D Gunderson, LH Knutson, M Nash, KL Nelson, RJ Nystrom, M Spanbauer, TL Stow, CA Sundstrom, SM AF Angeler, David G. Allen, Craig R. Barichievy, Chris Eason, Tarsha Garmestani, Ahjond S. Graham, Nicholas A. J. Granholm, Dean Gunderson, Lance H. Knutson, Melinda Nash, Kirsty L. Nelson, R. John Nystrom, Magnus Spanbauer, Trisha L. Stow, Craig A. Sundstrom, Shana M. TI Management applications of discontinuity theory SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biodiversity; discontinuity theory; ecological complexity; extinction; invasion biology; management; monitoring; regime shifts; resilience; scale ID HIERARCHICAL PATCH DYNAMICS; ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE; RELATIVE RESILIENCE; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; REGIME SHIFTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; RESPONSE DIVERSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORAL-REEFS AB 1. Human impacts on the environment are multifaceted and can occur across distinct spatiotemporal scales. Ecological responses to environmental change are therefore difficult to predict, and entail large degrees of uncertainty. Such uncertainty requires robust tools for management to sustain ecosystem goods and services and maintain resilient ecosystems. 2. We propose an approach based on discontinuity theory that accounts for patterns and processes at distinct spatial and temporal scales, an inherent property of ecological systems. Discontinuity theory has not been applied in natural resource management and could therefore improve ecosystem management because it explicitly accounts for ecological complexity. 3. Synthesis and applications. We highlight the application of discontinuity approaches for meeting management goals. Specifically, discontinuity approaches have significant potential to measure and thus understand the resilience of ecosystems, to objectively identify critical scales of space and time in ecological systems at which human impact might be most severe, to provide warning indicators of regime change, to help predict and understand biological invasions and extinctions and to focus monitoring efforts. Discontinuity theory can complement current approaches, providing a broader paradigm for ecological management and conservation. C1 [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Barichievy, Chris] Zool Soc London, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England. [Eason, Tarsha; Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Graham, Nicholas A. J.; Nash, Kirsty L.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Granholm, Dean] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. [Gunderson, Lance H.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Knutson, Melinda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Nelson, R. John] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Ctr Biomed Res, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Nelson, R. John] Stantec Consulting Ltd, Saanichton, BC V8M 2A5, Canada. [Nystrom, Magnus] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Spanbauer, Trisha L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Spanbauer, Trisha L.; Sundstrom, Shana M.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Angeler, DG (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM david.angeler@slu.se RI Graham, Nicholas/C-8360-2014; OI Sundstrom, Shana/0000-0003-0823-8008; Nash, Kirsty/0000-0003-0976-3197 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; U.S. Geological Survey John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; Swedish Research Council Formas [2014-1193]; Swedish Research Council Vetenskapsradet [2014-5828] FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United States Government or U.S. EPA. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, the U.S. Geological Survey John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis and the Swedish Research Councils Formas (2014-1193) and Vetenskapsradet (2014-5828). Joseph Bennett and two reviewers provided helpful comments that improved the paper. This paper is GLERL contribution number 1767. NR 75 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 21 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 688 EP 698 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12494 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR7FM UT WOS:000380065400008 ER PT J AU Heenan, A Gorospe, K Williams, I Levine, A Maurin, P Nadon, M Oliver, T Rooney, J Timmers, M Wongbusarakum, S Brainard, R AF Heenan, Adel Gorospe, Kelvin Williams, Ivor Levine, Arielle Maurin, Paulo Nadon, Marc Oliver, Thomas Rooney, John Timmers, Molly Wongbusarakum, Supin Brainard, Russell TI Ecosystem monitoring for ecosystem-based management: using a polycentric approach to balance information trade-offs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; ecosystem approach; ecosystem-based fisheries management; fisheries assessment; long-term ecosystem monitoring ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT C1 [Heenan, Adel; Gorospe, Kelvin; Nadon, Marc; Oliver, Thomas; Rooney, John; Timmers, Molly; Wongbusarakum, Supin] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Heenan, Adel; Gorospe, Kelvin; Williams, Ivor; Nadon, Marc; Oliver, Thomas; Rooney, John; Timmers, Molly; Wongbusarakum, Supin; Brainard, Russell] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Levine, Arielle] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Levine, Arielle; Maurin, Paulo] NOAA, Coral Reef Conservat Program, Baldwin Grp Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Heenan, A (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.; Heenan, A (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM adel.heenan@gmail.com NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 699 EP 704 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12633 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR7FM UT WOS:000380065400009 ER PT J AU Crawford, AJ Wadhams, P Wagner, TJW Stern, A Abrahamsen, EP Church, I Bates, R Nicholls, KW AF Crawford, Anna J. Wadhams, Peter Wagner, Till J. W. Stern, Alon Abrahamsen, E. Povl Church, Ian Bates, Richard Nicholls, Keith W. TI Journey of an Arctic Ice Island SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EAST GREENLAND; ICEBERGS; SHELF; OCEAN; ECOSYSTEMS; MARGINS; WATERS; SCOUR; SHEET; MODEL AB In August 2010, a 253 km(2) ice island calved from the floating glacial tongue of Petermann Glacier in Northwest Greenland. Petermann Ice Island (PII)-B, a large fragment of this original ice island, is the most intensively observed ice island in recent decades. We chronicle PII-B's deterioration over four years while it drifted more than 2,400 km south along Canada's eastern Arctic coast, investigate the ice island's interactions with surrounding ocean waters, and report on its substantial seafloor scour. Three-dimensional sidewall scans of PII-B taken while it was grounded 130 km southeast of Clyde River, Nunavut, show that prolonged wave erosion at the waterline during sea ice-free conditions created a large underwater protrusion. The resulting buoyancy forces caused a 100 m x 1 km calving event, which was recorded by two GPS units. A field team observed surface waters to be warmer and fresher on the side of PII-B where the calving occurred, which perhaps led to the accelerated growth of the protrusion. PII-B produced up to 3.8 gigatonnes (3.8 x 1012 kg) of ice fragments, known hazards to the shipping and resource extraction industries, monitored over 22 months. Ice island seafloor scour, such as a 850 m long, 3 m deep trench at PII-B's grounding location, also puts subseafloor installations (e.g., pipelines) at risk. This long-term and interdisciplinary assessment of PII-B is the first such study in the eastern Canadian Arctic and captures the multiple implications and risks that ice islands impose on the natural environment and offshore industries. C1 [Crawford, Anna J.] Carleton Univ, Water & Ice Res Lab, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Wadhams, Peter] Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge, England. [Wagner, Till J. W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Stern, Alon] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Abrahamsen, E. Povl; Nicholls, Keith W.] NERC, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England. [Church, Ian] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Geodesy & Geomat Engn, Fredericton, NB, Canada. [Bates, Richard] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. RP Crawford, AJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Water & Ice Res Lab, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM anna.crawford@carleton.ca RI Abrahamsen, Povl/B-2140-2008; Church, Ian/A-4048-2017; OI Abrahamsen, Povl/0000-0001-5924-5350; Church, Ian/0000-0002-1889-356X; Bates, Charles Richard/0000-0001-9147-7151 FU CIS (Leah Braithwaite with Environment Canada); ArcticNet (Martin Fortier and Keith Levesque); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council; Northern Scientific Training Program; Office of Naval Research Sea State Program; Pedro Elosegui (CSIC/MIT) FX We would like to thank Luke Copland and the anonymous reviewers of this paper who provided valuable critiques that led to a greatly improved manuscript. We also thank all who were involved with PII-B data collection efforts. This includes Project Iceberg (the 2011 field campaign) members Andrew Hamilton, Alexander Forrest, Derek Mueller, Bernard Laval, Val Schmidt, and Richard Yeo. John Hughes Clarke and Danar Pratomo of the University of New Brunswick's Ocean Mapping Group are acknowledged for aiding with bathymetry data collection, while Jonathan Gagnon and Steeve Gagne are thanked for their on-ice support during 2012 fieldwork. Operation Iceberg was coordinated by Louise Ferguson, Laura Deponio, Andrew Thompson, Sarah Conner, and Heather Nicol of BBC Scotland. The captains and crews of CCGS Amundsen and M/V Neptune are acknowledged for their transportation and logistical support, as is Micheal O'Sullivan of Trinity Helicopters, and the employees of Arctic Kingdom, as well as Pedro Elosegui (CSIC/MIT) for GPS beacon support. Neither Project Icebergs nor Operation Iceberg would have been possible without the financial and in-kind support of the CIS (Leah Braithwaite with Environment Canada) and ArcticNet (Martin Fortier and Keith Levesque) for Project Icebergs and BBC Scotland (Mark Hedgecoe) for Operation Iceberg. Financial support was also provided by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council, the Northern Scientific Training Program, and the Office of Naval Research Sea State Program. The interest and experience of Luc Desjardins, Ron Saper, and Gregory Crocker in ice island dynamics is greatly appreciated. Hai Train, Tom Carrieres, and Paul Pestieau are thanked for providing ablation modeling data from the Canadian Meteorological Centre. GPS beacons were provided by C-CORE (Tony King), the CIS, and Navidatum Ltd. (Tim Scott-Douglass). Finally, the research on PII-B would not be possible without the approval of the Nunavut Research Institute (Mosha Cote and Jamal Shirley, License #02 002 12R-M). NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 5 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 2 SI SI BP 254 EP 263 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2016.30 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DS2EY UT WOS:000380572500028 ER PT J AU Penaluna, BE Abadia-Cardoso, A Dunham, JB Garcia-De Leon, FJ Gresswell, RE Luna, AR Taylor, EB Shepard, BB Al-Chokhachy, R Muhlfeld, CC Bestgen, KR Rogers, K Escalante, MA Keeley, ER Temple, GM Williams, JE Matthews, KR Pierce, R Mayden, RL Kovach, RP Garza, JC Fausch, KD AF Penaluna, Brooke E. Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia Dunham, Jason B. Garcia-De Leon, Francisco J. Gresswell, Robert E. Ruiz Luna, Arturo Taylor, Eric B. Shepard, Bradley B. Al-Chokhachy, Robert Muhlfeld, Clint C. Bestgen, Kevin R. Rogers, Kevin Escalante, Marco A. Keeley, Ernest R. Temple, Gabriel M. Williams, Jack E. Matthews, Kathleen R. Pierce, Ron Mayden, Richard L. Kovach, Ryan P. Garza, John Carlos Fausch, Kurt D. TI Conservation of Native Pacific Trout Diversity in Western North America SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-LEWISI; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RAINBOW-TROUT; UNITED-STATES; REDBAND TROUT; RIVER-BASIN; WATER FISH; WILD TROUT AB Pacific trout Oncorhynchus spp. in western North America are strongly valued in ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural views, and have been the subject of substantial research and conservation efforts. Despite this, the understanding of their evolutionary histories, overall diversity, and challenges to their conservation is incomplete. We review the state of knowledge on these important issues, focusing on Pacific trout in the genus Oncorhynchus. Although most research on salmonid fishes emphasizes Pacific salmon, we focus on Pacific trout because they share a common evolutionary history, and many taxa in western North America have not been formally described, particularly in the southern extent of their ranges. Research in recent decades has led to the revision of many hypotheses concerning the origin and diversification of Pacific trout throughout their range. Although there has been significant success at addressing past threats to Pacific trout, contemporary and future threats represented by nonnative species, land and water use activities, and climate change pose challenges and uncertainties. Ultimately, conservation of Pacific trout depends on how well these issues are understood and addressed, and on solutions that allow these species to coexist with a growing scope of human influences. C1 [Penaluna, Brooke E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia; Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR USA. [Garcia-De Leon, Francisco J.] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste SC, Lab Genet Conservac, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Mexico. [Gresswell, Robert E.; Al-Chokhachy, Robert] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Ruiz Luna, Arturo; Escalante, Marco A.] Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Unidad Mazatlan Acuicultura & Manejo Ambiental, Mazatlan, Sin, Mexico. [Taylor, Eric B.] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Taylor, Eric B.] Univ British Columbia, Beaty Biodivers Museum, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Shepard, Bradley B.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Kovach, Ryan P.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Bestgen, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Larval Fish Lab, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rogers, Kevin] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Steamboat Springs, CO USA. [Escalante, Marco A.] CNRS, Montpellier, France. [Keeley, Ernest R.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Temple, Gabriel M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Ecol Interact Team, Ellensburg, WA USA. [Williams, Jack E.] Trout Unltd, Medford, OR USA. [Matthews, Kathleen R.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Albany, CA USA. [Pierce, Ron] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Missoula, MT USA. [Mayden, Richard L.] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shepard, Bradley B.] BB Shepard & Associates, Livingston, MT USA. RP Penaluna, BE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bepenaluna@fs.fed.us OI Gresswell, Robert/0000-0003-0063-855X FU CONACYT [CB-2010-01-152893]; CONABIO [JM058]; U.S. Forest Service, PNW Research Station FX CONACYT (Ref. CB-2010-01-152893) and CONABIO (Ref. JM058) supported research projects on niche modeling and landscape genetics of native trout in Mexico. The U.S. Forest Service, PNW Research Station funded the use of illustrations by Joseph R. Tomelleri. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with U.S. Geological Survey Fundamental Science Practices (pubs. usgs. gov. circ/1367). Use of trade or firm names here is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Government. NR 165 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 2016 VL 41 IS 6 BP 286 EP 300 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1175888 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DR8KQ UT WOS:000380147200007 ER PT J AU Lee, JSF Poretsky, RS Cook, MA Reyes-Tomassini, JJ Berejikian, BA Goetz, FW AF Lee, Jonathan S. F. Poretsky, Rachel S. Cook, Matthew A. Reyes-Tomassini, Jose J. Berejikian, Barry A. Goetz, Frederick W. TI Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) Increases Survival of Larval Sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Feeding stimulant; Larvae; Fish; Phytoplankton; Recruitment ID MARINE FISH; RECRUITMENT; CULTURE AB High concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a chemical compound released by lysed phytoplankton, may indicate high rates of grazing by zooplankton and may thus be a foraging cue for planktivorous fishes. Previous studies have shown that some planktivorous fishes and birds aggregate or alter locomotory behavior in response to this chemical cue, which is likely adaptive because it helps them locate prey. These behavioral responses have been demonstrated in juveniles and adults, but no studies have tested for effects on larval fish. Larvae suffer from high mortality rates and are vulnerable to starvation. While larvae are generally thought to be visual predators, they actually have poor vision and cryptic prey. Thus, larval fish should benefit from a chemical cue that provides information on prey abundance. We reared larval sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, for one week and supplemented feedings with varying concentrations of DMSP to test the hypothesis that DMSP affects larval survival. Ecologically relevant DMSP concentrations increased larval survival by up to 70 %, which has implications for production in aquaculture and recruitment in nature. These results provide a new tool for increasing larval production in aquaculture and also suggest that larvae may use DMSP as an olfactory cue. The release of DMSP may be a previously unappreciated mechanism through which phytoplankton affect larval survival and recruitment. C1 [Lee, Jonathan S. F.; Cook, Matthew A.; Reyes-Tomassini, Jose J.; Berejikian, Barry A.; Goetz, Frederick W.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7305 Beach Dr E, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Poretsky, Rachel S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, 845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Lee, JSF (reprint author), NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7305 Beach Dr E, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM jon.lee@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Office of Aquaculture; Saltonstall-Kennedy Grant Program [15WCR040]; Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington [NA14OAR4170078] FX Mike Rust stimulated this study by suggesting that DMSP might be responsible for previous differences in growth and survival between larvae reared with clay vs. algae. Andy Dittman provided guidance on experimental design and DMSP. Lyle Britt provided guidance on tank design and larval vision. Julie Keister provided comments on DMSP benefits and effects. The Whitman Lab at the University of Georgia synthesized the DMSP used for this experiment. Ronald Kiene assisted with DMSP quantification. Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Office of Aquaculture and by the Saltonstall-Kennedy Grant Program (Award 15WCR040 to RSP). This work was funded in part by a grant from Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA14OAR4170078. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or any of its sub-agencies. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 42 IS 6 BP 533 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s10886-016-0713-z PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR7ET UT WOS:000380063500009 PM 27306913 ER PT J AU Hedberg, T Lubell, J Fischer, L Maggiano, L Feeney, AB AF Hedberg, Thomas, Jr. Lubell, Joshua Fischer, Lyle Maggiano, Larry Feeney, Allison Barnard TI Testing the Digital Thread in Support of Model-Based Manufacturing and Inspection SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB A number of manufacturing companies have reported anecdotal evidence describing the benefits of model-based enterprise (MBE). Based on this evidence, major players in industry have embraced a vision to deploy MBE. In our view, the best chance of realizing this vision is the creation of a single "digital thread." Under MBE, there exists a model-based definition (MBD), created by the Engineering function, which downstream functions reuse to complete model-based manufacturing and model-based inspection activities. The ensemble of data that enables the combination of MBD, manufacturing, and inspection defines this digital thread. Such a digital thread would enable real-time design and analysis, collaborative process-flow development, automated artifact creation, and full-process traceability in a seamless real-time collaborative development among project participants. This paper documents the strengths and weaknesses in the current, industry strategies for implementing MBE. It also identifies gaps in the transition and/or exchange of data between various manufacturing processes. Finally, this paper presents measured results from a study of model-based processes compared to drawing-based processes and provides evidence to support the anecdotal evidence and vision made by industry. C1 [Hedberg, Thomas, Jr.; Lubell, Joshua; Feeney, Allison Barnard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fischer, Lyle] Capvidia NA, New Ulm, MN 56073 USA. [Maggiano, Larry] Mitutoyo Amer Corp, Aurora, IL 60502 USA. RP Hedberg, T (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tdh1@nist.gov OI Hedberg Jr, Thomas/0000-0002-9024-2059 FU PDES, Inc.; U.S. Army's Picatinny Arsenal FX The research team wishes to thank PDES, Inc., and its membership for the sponsorship, support, and hours donated to the study. Thanks to Honeywell Aerospace, Rockwell Collins, and the Dimensional Metrology Standards Consortium for help with developing the test case models. Thanks to Capvidia NA for the use of the COMPAREVIDIA software to support the verification and validation of CAD models. The team thanks the U.S. Army's Picatinny Arsenal for conducting the 2D drawing-based baseline manufacturing and inspection tasks and In-Tolerance Precision Contract Manufacturing and Mitutoyo for conducting the 3D model-based manufacturing and inspection tasks. Thanks to Albert Jones and Vijay Srinivasan from NIST for theirs comments and inputs to this paper. Finally, an extended thanks to the U.S. Army's Picatinny Arsenal for providing joint funding to the study. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 5 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1530-9827 EI 1944-7078 J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 16 IS 2 AR 021001 DI 10.1115/1.4032697 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA DR8SB UT WOS:000380166500001 ER PT J AU Wang, WH Sampath, S Lei, Y Kacker, R Kuhn, R Lawrence, J AF Wang, Wenhua Sampath, Sreedevi Lei, Yu Kacker, Raghu Kuhn, Richard Lawrence, James TI Using combinatorial testing to build navigation graphs for dynamic web applications SO SOFTWARE TESTING VERIFICATION & RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE navigation graph generation; web application testing; combinatorial testing; software testing ID USER-SESSION DATA; TEST-GENERATION; DESIGN AB Modelling a software system is often a challenging prerequisite to automatic test case generation. Modelling the navigation structure of a dynamic web application is particularly challenging because of the presence of a large number of pages that are created dynamically and the difficulty of reaching a dynamic page unless a set of appropriate input values are provided for the parameters. To address the first challenge, some form of abstraction is required to enable scalable modelling. For the second challenge, techniques are required to select appropriate input values for parameters and systematically combine them to reach new pages. This paper presents a combinatorial approach in building a navigation graph for dynamic web applications. The navigation graph can then be used to automatically generate test sequences for testing web applications. The novelty of our approach is twofold. First, we use an abstraction scheme to control the page explosion problem, where pages that are likely to have the same navigation behaviour are grouped together and are represented as a single node in the navigation graph. Second, assuming that values of individual parameters are supplied manually or generated from other techniques, we combine parameter values such that well-defined combinatorial coverage of input parameter values is achieved. Using combinatorial coverage can significantly reduce the number of requests that have to be submitted while still achieving effective coverage of the navigation structure. We implement our combinatorial approach in a tool, Tansuo, and apply the tool on seven open-source web applications. We evaluate the effectiveness of Tansuo's exploration process guided by t-way coverage, for t = 1, 2, 3, with respect to code coverage, and find that the navigation structure exploration by Tansuo, in general, results in high code coverage ( more than 80% statement coverage for most of our subject applications when dead code is removed). We compare Tansuo's effectiveness with two other navigation graph tools and find that Tansuo is more effective. Our empirical results indicate that using pairwise coverage in Tansuo results in the efficient generation of navigation graphs and effective exploration of dynamic web applications. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wang, Wenhua; Lei, Yu] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76109 USA. [Sampath, Sreedevi] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Informat Syst, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Kacker, Raghu; Kuhn, Richard] NIST, Informat & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lawrence, James] George Mason Univ, Dept Math, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Sampath, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Informat Syst, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM sampath@umbc.edu FU Information Technology Lab (ITL) of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB12H175] FX This work is partly supported by a grant (No. 70NANB12H175) from the Information Technology Lab (ITL) of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-0833 EI 1099-1689 J9 SOFTW TEST VERIF REL JI Softw. Test. Verif. Reliab. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 4 BP 318 EP 346 DI 10.1002/stvr.1599 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA DR8TX UT WOS:000380171400004 ER PT J AU Heidinger, A Foster, M Botambekov, D Hiley, M Walther, A Li, Y AF Heidinger, Andrew Foster, Michael Botambekov, Denis Hiley, Michael Walther, Andi Li, Yue TI Using the NASA EOS A-Train to Probe the Performance of the NOAA PATMOS-x Cloud Fraction CDR SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE clouds; cloud detection; satellite remote sensing; satellite climate data records ID SATELLITE; MODIS; CLARA-A1; CLIMATOLOGY; PRODUCTS; DATASET; TRENDS AB An important component of the AVHRR PATMOS-x climate date record (CDR)or any satellite cloud climatologyis the performance of its cloud detection scheme and the subsequent quality of its cloud fraction CDR. PATMOS-x employs the NOAA Enterprise Cloud Mask for this, which is based on a naive Bayesian approach. The goal of this paper is to generate analysis of the PATMOS-x cloud fraction CDR to facilitate its use in climate studies. Performance of PATMOS-x cloud detection is compared to that of the well-established MYD35 and CALIPSO products from the EOS A-Train. Results show the AVHRR PATMOS-x CDR compares well against CALIPSO with most regions showing proportional correct values of 0.90 without any spatial filtering and 0.95 when a spatial filter is applied. Values are similar for the NASA MODIS MYD35 mask. A direct comparison of PATMOS-x and MYD35 from 2003 to 2014 also shows agreement over most regions in terms of mean cloud amount, inter-annual variability, and linear trends. Regional and seasonal differences are discussed. The analysis demonstrates that PATMOS-x cloud amount uncertainty could effectively screen regions where PATMOS-x differs from MYD35. C1 [Heidinger, Andrew] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Foster, Michael; Botambekov, Denis; Hiley, Michael; Walther, Andi; Li, Yue] Univ Wisconsin, SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Heidinger, A (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM andrew.heidinger@noaa.gov; mike.foster@ssec.wisc.edu; denis.botambekov@ssec.wisc.edu; michael.hiley@ssec.wisc.edu; andi.walther@ssec.wisc.edu; yue.li@ssec.wisc.edu RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Climate Data Records (CDR) Program; NESDS Center for Satellite Applications and Research FX The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. Support for this research was provided by the NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Climate Data Records (CDR) Program and the NESDS Center for Satellite Applications and Research. The data was taken from the NASA LAADWEB and the University of Wisconsin NPP Atmospheric SIPS. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 6 AR 511 DI 10.3390/rs8060511 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DR6BE UT WOS:000379985300070 ER PT J AU Koner, PK Harris, A AF Koner, Prabhat K. Harris, Andy TI Improved Quality of MODIS Sea Surface Temperature Retrieval and Data Coverage Using Physical Deterministic Methods SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE modified total least squares; MODIS-AQUA; sea surface temperature; cloud masking; optimal estimation method ID CLOUD; VALIDATION AB Sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals from satellite imager measurements are often performed using only two or three channels, and employ a regression methodology. As there are 16 thermal infrared (IR) channels available for MODIS, we demonstrate a new SST retrieval methodology using more channels and a physically deterministic method, the modified total least squares (MTLS), to improve the quality of SST. Since cloud detection is always a part of any parameter estimation from IR satellite measurements, we hereby extend our recently-published novel cloud detection technique, which is based on both functional spectral differences and radiative transfer modeling for GOES-13. We demonstrate that the cloud detection coefficients derived for GOES-13 are working well for MODIS, while further improvements are made possible by the extra channels replacing some of the previous tests. The results are compared with available operational MODIS SST through the Group for High Resolution SST website-the data themselves are originally processed by the NASA Goddard Ocean Biology Processing Group. It is observed the data coverage can be more than doubled compared to the currently-available operational product, and at the same time the quality can be improved significantly. Two other SST retrieval methods, offline-calculated coefficients using the same form of the operational regression equation, and radiative transfer based optimal estimation, are included for comparison purposes. C1 [Koner, Prabhat K.; Harris, Andy] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, E-RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Koner, Prabhat K.; Harris, Andy] Univ Maryland, CICS Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Koner, PK (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, E-RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Koner, PK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, CICS Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM prabhat.koner@noaa.gov; andy.harris@noaa.gov RI Koner, Prabhat/C-3407-2012 FU NASA [NNX14AP64A] FX This work was funded under NASA Grant number NNX14AP64A. The authors thank Eileen Maturi for the arrangement of facilities at NOAA to complete this work. We thank all the reviewers for their suggestions to improve the readability of the manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 6 AR 454 DI 10.3390/rs8060454 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DR6BE UT WOS:000379985300014 ER PT J AU Liu, YH Key, J Mahoney, R AF Liu, Yinghui Key, Jeffrey Mahoney, Robert TI Sea and Freshwater Ice Concentration from VIIRS on Suomi NPP and the Future JPSS Satellites SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE ice; ice concentration; Suomi NPP; JPSS; remote sensing ID MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS; TEMPERATURE; RADIOMETER; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHMS; PARAMETERS; RETRIEVAL; CLOUDS; SNOW AB Information on ice is important for shipping, weather forecasting, and climate monitoring. Historically, ice cover has been detected and ice concentration has been measured using relatively low-resolution space-based passive microwave data. This study presents an algorithm to detect ice and estimate ice concentration in clear-sky areas over the ocean and inland lakes and rivers using high-resolution data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) and on future Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) satellites, providing spatial detail that cannot be obtained with passive microwave data. A threshold method is employed with visible and infrared observations to identify ice, then a tie-point algorithm is used to determine the representative reflectance/temperature of pure ice, estimate the ice concentration, and refine the ice cover mask. The VIIRS ice concentration is validated using observations from Landsat 8. Results show that VIIRS has an overall bias of -0.3% compared to Landsat 8 ice concentration, with a precision (uncertainty) of 9.5%. Biases and precision values for different ice concentration subranges from 0% to 100% can be larger. C1 [Liu, Yinghui] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Key, Jeffrey] NOAA, NESDIS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahoney, Robert] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Liu, YH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM yinghuil@ssec.wisc.edu; jkey@ssec.wisc.edu; robert.mahoney@ngc.com RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010; OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050; Liu, Yinghui/0000-0003-4648-2722 FU JPSS Program Office; GOES-R Program Office FX This work was supported by the JPSS Program Office and the GOES-R Program Office. We thank Richard Dworak for performing the comparison of VIIRS and AMSR2 ice concentrations. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 6 DI 10.3390/rs8060523 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DR6BE UT WOS:000379985300082 ER PT J AU Nelson, BC Johnson, ME Walker, ML Riley, KR Sims, CM AF Nelson, Bryant C. Johnson, Monique E. Walker, Marlon L. Riley, Kathryn R. Sims, Christopher M. TI Antioxidant Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Biology and Medicine SO ANTIOXIDANTS LA English DT Review DE nanoceria; cerium oxide nanoparticles; reactive oxygen species; enzyme mimetics; redox-cycling ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; CEO2 NANOPARTICLES; IN-VIVO; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; CATALYTIC-PROPERTIES; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; PROTEIN CORONA; NANO-PARTICLES AB Previously, catalytic cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs, nanoceria, CeO2-x NPs) have been widely utilized for chemical mechanical planarization in the semiconductor industry and for reducing harmful emissions and improving fuel combustion efficiency in the automobile industry. Researchers are now harnessing the catalytic repertoire of CNPs to develop potential new treatment modalities for both oxidative- and nitrosative-stress induced disorders and diseases. In order to reach the point where our experimental understanding of the antioxidant activity of CNPs can be translated into useful therapeutics in the clinic, it is necessary to evaluate the most current evidence that supports CNP antioxidant activity in biological systems. Accordingly, the aims of this review are three-fold: (1) To describe the putative reaction mechanisms and physicochemical surface properties that enable CNPs to both scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to act as antioxidant enzyme-like mimetics in solution; (2) To provide an overview, with commentary, regarding the most robust design and synthesis pathways for preparing CNPs with catalytic antioxidant activity; (3) To provide the reader with the most up-to-date in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence supporting the ROS-scavenging potential of CNPs in biology and medicine. C1 [Nelson, Bryant C.; Sims, Christopher M.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johnson, Monique E.; Riley, Kathryn R.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walker, Marlon L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nelson, BC (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryant.nelson@nist.gov; monique.johnson@nist.gov; marlon.walker@nist.gov; kathryn.riley@nist.gov; christopher.sims@nist.gov NR 132 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 27 U2 33 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2076-3921 J9 ANTIOXIDANTS JI Antioxidants PD JUN PY 2016 VL 5 IS 2 AR 15 DI 10.3390/antiox5020015 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA DR6TY UT WOS:000380035400006 ER PT J AU Arora, K Dash, P AF Arora, Kopal Dash, Prasanjit TI Towards Dependence of Tropical Cyclone Intensity on Sea Surface Temperature and Its Response in a Warming World SO CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; sea surface temperature; climate change; power dissipation index; ensemble PPE; statistical model ID AXISYMMETRICAL NUMERICAL-MODEL; CENTER COUPLED MODEL; HURRICANE INTENSITY; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; FLUX ADJUSTMENTS; WIND SPEEDS; SENSITIVITY; SST; CLIMATE; OCEAN AB Tropical Cyclone (TC) systems affect global ocean heat transport due to mixing of the upper ocean and impact climate dynamics. A higher Sea Surface Temperature (SST), other influencing factors remaining supportive, fuels TC genesis and intensification. The atmospheric thermodynamic profile, especially the sea-air temperature contrast (SAT), also contributes due to heat transfer and affects TC's maximum surface wind speed (V-max) explained by enthalpy exchange processes. Studies have shown that SST can approximately be used as a proxy for SAT. As a part of an ongoing effort in this work, we simplistically explored the connection between SST and V-max from a climatological perspective. Subsequently, estimated V-max is applied to compute Power Dissipation Index (an upper limit on TC's destructive potential). The model is developed using long-term observational SST reconstructions employed on three independent SST datasets and validated against an established model. This simple approach excluded physical parameters, such as mixing ratio and atmospheric profile, however, renders it generally suitable to compute potential intensity associated with TCs spatially and weakly temporally and performs well for stronger storms. A futuristic prediction by the HadCM3 climate model under doubled CO2 indicates stronger storm surface wind speeds and rising SST, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. C1 [Arora, Kopal] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Dash, Prasanjit] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dash, Prasanjit] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Arora, K (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. EM ka286@exeter.ac.uk; prasanjit.dash@colostate.edu NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 15 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2225-1154 J9 CLIMATE JI Climate PD JUN PY 2016 VL 4 IS 2 AR 30 DI 10.3390/cli4020030 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR6GY UT WOS:000380001600015 ER PT J AU St Jean, C Ware, C Gamble, R AF St Jean, C. Ware, C. Gamble, R. TI Dynamic Change Arcs to Explore Model Forecasts SO COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Eurographics/IEEE VGTC Conference on Visualization CY JUN 06-10, 2016 CL Groningen, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Groningen, European Assoc Comp Graph, IEEE Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm ID CAUSALITY; GRAPHS AB In many planning applications, a computational model is used to make predictions about the effects of management or engineering decisions. To understand the implications of alternative scenarios, a user typically adjusts one or more of the input parameters, runs the model, and examines the outcomes using simple charts. For example, a time series showing changes in productivity or revenue might be generated. While this approach can be effective in showing the projected effects of changes to the model's input parameters, it fails to show the mechanisms that cause those changes. In order to promote understanding of model mechanics using a simple graphical device, we propose dynamic change arcs. Dynamic change arcs graphically reveal the internal model structure as cause and effect linkages. They are signed to show both positive and negative effects. We implemented this concept using a species interaction model developed for fisheries management based on a system of Lotka-Volterra equations. The model has 10 economically important fish species and incorporates both predation and competition between species. The model predicts that changing the catch of one species can sometimes result in changes in biomass of another species through multi-step causal chains. The dynamic change arcs make it possible to interpret the resulting complex causal chains and interaction effects. We carried out an experiment to evaluate three alternative forms of arcs for portraying causal connections in the model. The results show that all linkage representations enabled participants to reason better about complex chains of causality than not showing linkages. However, none of them were significantly better than the others. C1 [St Jean, C.; Ware, C.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Gamble, R.] NOAA Fisheries, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP St Jean, C (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0167-7055 EI 1467-8659 J9 COMPUT GRAPH FORUM JI Comput. Graph. Forum PD JUN PY 2016 VL 35 IS 3 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1111/cgf.12907 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA DR4ZK UT WOS:000379912300034 ER PT J AU Kuparinen, A Hutchings, JA Waples, RS AF Kuparinen, Anna Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Waples, Robin S. TI Harvest-induced evolution and effective population size SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE contemporary evolution; fisheries management; life history evolution; population genetics - empirical; wildlife management ID FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; EXPLOITED FISH STOCKS; LIFE-HISTORY; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; GENETIC COMPENSATION; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; CONSEQUENCES; AGE; OVEREXPLOITATION; COMPONENTS AB Much has been written about fishery-induced evolution (FIE) in exploited species, but relatively little attention has been paid to the consequences for one of the most important parameters in evolutionary biology-effective population size (N-e). We use a combination of simulations of Atlantic cod populations experiencing harvest, artificial manipulation of cod life tables, and analytical methods to explore how adding harvest to natural mortality affects N-e, census size (N), and the ratio N-e/N. We show that harvest-mediated reductions in N-e are due entirely to reductions in recruitment, because increasing adult mortality actually increases the N-e/N ratio. This means that proportional reductions in abundance caused by harvest represent an upper limit to the proportional reductions in N-e, and that in some cases N-e can even increase with increased harvest. This result is a quite general consequence of increased adult mortality and does not depend on harvest selectivity or FIE, although both of these influence the results in a quantitative way. In scenarios that allowed evolution, N-e recovered quickly after harvest ended and remained higher than in the preharvest population for well over a century, which indicates that evolution can help provide a long-term buffer against loss of genetic variability. C1 [Kuparinen, Anna] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, Helsinki, Finland. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Oslo, Norway. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Univ Agder, Dept Nat Sci, Kristiansand, Norway. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov FU Academy of Finland; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant; Loblaw Companies Ltd FX The Academy of Finland provided funding to AK and a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant and Loblaw Companies Ltd provided funding to JAH to support this research. The comments of the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers considerably improved the manuscript. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 658 EP 672 DI 10.1111/eva.12373 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA DR5GK UT WOS:000379931300005 PM 27247617 ER PT J AU Meyers, PC Ferraro, RR AF Meyers, Patrick C. Ferraro, Ralph R. TI Precipitation From the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Milan, ITALY SP IEEE DE Meteorology; passive microwave remote sensing ID LAND; ALGORITHM; RETRIEVAL; SENSORS AB The Goddard Profiling Algorithm 2010 Version 2 (GPROF2010V2) was adapted for use for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) on board the Global Change Observation Mission-Water satellite. This study presents the validation and evaluation of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's AMSR2 precipitation product. Rain rates calculated by GROF2010V2 meet mission accuracy requirements, with root-mean-squared error of 1.3 mm.h(-1) and 3.6 mm.h(-1) over ocean and land, respectively. In addition to meeting instantaneous rain rate requirements, GPROF2010V2 captures monthly and seasonal precipitation patterns relative to rain gauge analysis. Recurring problems with the algorithm over land surfaces, such as false alarms due to snow cover and surface contamination, are identified. These deficiencies can be mitigated using separate day/night screening procedures and ancillary information on daily snow cover. C1 [Meyers, Patrick C.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ferraro, Ralph R.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Satellite & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Meyers, PC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM pmeyers@umd.edu; ralph.r.ferraro@noaa.gov RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 SI SI BP 2611 EP 2618 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2513666 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DR5HW UT WOS:000379935100044 ER PT J AU Monaldo, F Jackson, C Li, XF Pichel, WG AF Monaldo, Frank Jackson, Christopher Li, Xiaofeng Pichel, William G. TI Preliminary Evaluation of Sentinel-1A Wind Speed Retrievals SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Milan, ITALY SP IEEE DE Advanced scatterometers (ASCAT); Sentinel-1A; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); wind speed ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SURFACE; SEASAT; OCEAN; IMAGERY AB The accuracy of wind speed retrievals from synthetic aperture radars (SARs) is strongly dependent upon the accuracy of the normalized radar cross section measurement. Here, we make a preliminary assessment of wind speed retrievals from Sentinel-1A. In particular, we use Sentinel-1A SAR imagery to compute wind speed at 500-m resolution. These measurements are averaged to 25 km and compared with advanced scatterometers (ASCAT) wind speed measurements from the METOP-A and METOP-B satellites. Spatially coincident measurements separated by less than 2 h are shown to agree to better than 2 m/s in standard deviation for wind speeds less that 20 m/s. Particularly, good agreement is found for Sentinel-1A VV-polarization measurements, though both HH- and VV-measurements exceed the 2 m/s accuracy standard. C1 [Monaldo, Frank] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 20723 USA. [Monaldo, Frank; Jackson, Christopher; Li, Xiaofeng; Pichel, William G.] NOAA NESDIS, STAR, SOCD, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jackson, Christopher; Li, Xiaofeng] GST, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Monaldo, F (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 20723 USA.; Monaldo, F (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, STAR, SOCD, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM frank.monaldo@jhuapl.edu RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 SI SI BP 2638 EP 2642 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2504324 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DR5HW UT WOS:000379935100047 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Villarini, G Vecchi, GA Murakami, H Gudgel, R AF Zhang, Wei Villarini, Gabriele Vecchi, Gabriel A. Murakami, Hiroyuki Gudgel, Richard TI Statistical-dynamical seasonal forecast of western North Pacific and East Asia landfalling tropical cyclones using the high-resolution GFDL FLOR coupled model SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; GFDL FLOR; western North Pacific; landfall ID ATLANTIC HURRICANE ACTIVITY; SOUTH CHINA SEA; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; CLIMATE MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; PART I; RETROSPECTIVE FORECASTS; TYPHOON FREQUENCY; PREDICTION; TRACKS AB This study examines the seasonal prediction of western North Pacific [WNP) and East Asia landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory(GFDL) Forecast-oriented Low Ocean Resolution version of CM2.5 with Flux Adjustment (FLOR-FA) and finite-mixture-model (FMM)-based statistical cluster analysis. Using the FMM-based cluster analysis, seven clusters are identified from the historical and FLOR-FA-predicted TC tracks for the period 1980-2013. FLOR-FA has significant skill in predicting year-to-year variations in the frequency of TCs within clusters 1 (recurving TCs) and 5 (straight-moving TCs). By building Poisson regression models for each cluster using key predictors (i.e., sea surface temperature, 500 hPa geopotential height, and zonal vertical wind shear), the predictive skill for almost all the clusters at all initialization months improves with respect to the dynamic prediction. The prediction of total WNP TC frequency made by combining hybrid predictions for each of the seven clusters in the hybrid model shows skill higher than what achieved using the TC frequency directly from FLOR-FA initialized from March to July. However, the hybrid predictions for total WNP TC frequency initialized from January to February exhibit lower skill than FLOR-FA. The prediction of TC landfall over East Asia made by combining the hybrid models of TC frequency in each cluster and its landfall rate over East Asia also outperforms FLOR-FA for all initialization months January through July. C1 [Zhang, Wei; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Murakami, Hiroyuki; Gudgel, Richard] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zhang, Wei; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Murakami, Hiroyuki] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zhang, Wei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.; Zhang, W (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Zhang, W (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM wei.zhang@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Zhang, Wei/0000-0001-8134-6908 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1262091, AGS-1262099] FX The authors are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments that led to an improved manuscript. The authors thank Liwei Jia and Baoqiang Xiang for their insightful suggestions that improve an earlier version of this paper. This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants AGS-1262091 and AGS-1262099. Tropical cyclone data are obtained from IBTrACS (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ibtracs/). The observed SST data are available from the Met Office Hadley Center (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisst/). The observed largescale variables are obtained from JRA-55 reanalysis data (http://jra.kishou.go.jp/JRA-55/index_en.html). FLOR B01 data are made available from the NMME project (http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.Models/.NMME/) and simulations with FLOR-FA are available upon request. The code of FLOR is freely available from GFDL (http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/cm2-5-and-flor). NR 99 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 BP 538 EP 565 DI 10.1002/2015MS000607 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR7II UT WOS:000380072800003 ER PT J AU Lei, LL Anderson, JL Whitaker, JS AF Lei, Lili Anderson, Jeffrey L. Whitaker, Jeffrey S. TI Localizing the impact of satellite radiance observations using a global group ensemble filter SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; ensemble Kalman filter; localization; radiance observation ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; KALMAN FILTER; EMPIRICAL LOCALIZATION; REAL OBSERVATIONS; SAMPLING ERROR; SYSTEM; PRECIPITATION; COVARIANCES AB Assimilation of satellite radiances has been proven to have positive impacts on the forecast skill, especially for regions with sparse conventional observations. Localization is an essential component to effectively assimilate satellite radiances in ensemble Kalman filters with affordable ensemble sizes. However, localizing the impact of radiance observations is not straightforward, since their location and separation from grid point model variables are not well defined. A global group filter (GGF) is applied here to provide a theoretical estimate of vertical localization functions for radiance observations being assimilated for global numerical weather prediction. As an extension of the hierarchical ensemble filter, the GGF uses groups of climatological ensembles to provide an estimated localization function that reduces the erroneous increments due to ensemble correlation sampling error. Results from an idealized simulation with known background error covariances show that the GGF localization function is superior to the optimal Gaspari and Cohn (GC) localization function. When the GGF is applied to the AMSU-A radiances, it can provide different localization functions for different channels, which indicates the complexity and large computational cost of tuning the localization scales for radiance observations. The GC, GGF, and fitted GGF (FGGF) localization functions are compared using experiments with the NCEP GFS and the NOAA operational EnKF. Verifications relative to the conventional observations, AMSU-A radiances, and the ECMWF analyses show that the GGF and FGGF have smaller errors than GC except in the tropics, and the advantages of the GGF and FGGF persist through 120 h forecast lead time. C1 [Lei, Lili] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lei, Lili] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lei, Lili; Whitaker, Jeffrey S.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Anderson, Jeffrey L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Lei, LL (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Lei, LL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Lei, LL (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lililei@nju.edu.cn FU Disaster Relief Appropriations Act [P.L. 113-2, NA14OAR4830123]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41461164008, 41130964] FX This work was partially supported by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (P.L. 113-2) that funded NOAA research grant NA14OAR4830123, the National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grants 41461164008 and 41130964. The data used to generate the simulation experiments were obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Thanks two anonymous reviewers whose valuable comments significantly improve the manuscript. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 BP 719 EP 734 DI 10.1002/2016MS000627 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR7II UT WOS:000380072800012 ER PT J AU Li, D Malyshev, S Shevliakova, E AF Li, Dan Malyshev, Sergey Shevliakova, Elena TI Exploring historical and future urban climate in the Earth System Modeling framework: 1. Model development and evaluation SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Earth System Models; GFDL; land-use and land-cover changes; urban canopy models; urbanization ID SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; CANOPY MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; HEAT-ISLAND; ANTHROPOGENIC HEAT; FIELD CAMPAIGN; COVER CHANGES; SCHEME SUEWS; CITIES; WATER AB A number of recent studies investigated impacts of Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes (LULCC) on climate with global Earth System Models (ESMs). Yet many ESMs are still missing a representation of the most extreme form of natural landscape modification - urban settlements. Moreover, long-term (i.e., decades to century) transitions between build-up and other land cover types due to urbanization and de-urbanization have not been examined in the literature. In this study we evaluate a new urban canopy model (UCM) that characterizes urban physical and biogeochemical processes within the subgrid tiling framework of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) land model, LM3. The new model LM3-UCM is based on the urban canyon concept and simulates exchange of energy, water (liquid and solid), and carbon between urban land and the atmosphere. LM3-UCM has several unique features, including explicit treatment of vegetation inside the urban canyon and dynamic transition between urban, agricultural and unmanaged tiles. The model is evaluated using observational data sets collected at three urban sites: Marseille in France, Basel in Switzerland and Baltimore in the United States. It is found that LM3-UCM satisfactorily reproduces canyon air temperature, surface temperatures, radiative fluxes, and turbulent heat fluxes at the three urban sites. LM3-UCM can capture urban features in a computationally efficient manner and is incorporated into the land component of GFDL ESMs. This new capability will enable improved understanding of climate change effects on cities and the impacts of urbanization on climate. C1 [Li, Dan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Li, Dan] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Malyshev, Sergey] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Shevliakova, Elena] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Li, D (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM lidan@bu.edu FU NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) [NA08OAR4320752]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University - BP; Swiss Ministry of Education and Science [C00.0068]; University of Basel; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich; Technical University of Dresden; Bulgarian National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology FX Support from the NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) grant NA08OAR4320752 and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University, sponsored by BP, is acknowledged. The statements, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, the U.S. Department of Commerce or BP. We thank Prathap Ramamurthy at The City College of New York for helpful discussions. We thank Young-Hee Ryu at National Center for Atmospheric Research for constructive suggestions and for her kind help with obtaining and understanding the observational data. We also would like to thank the teams that collected the observational data in Marseille and Basel. The core project of BUBBLE was funded by the Swiss Ministry of Education and Science (grant C00.0068) and the University of Basel, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, the Technical University of Dresden, and the Bulgarian National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology all contributed to the data set. We thank Professor Claire Welty, Julia Miller and Joshua Cole from UMBC/CUERE for providing the Baltimore data set. We thank the two anonymous reviewers whose comments led to significant improvement of our paper. The code and simulation results can be obtained from the corresponding author. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 BP 917 EP 935 DI 10.1002/2015MS000578 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR7II UT WOS:000380072800022 ER PT J AU Li, D Malyshev, S Shevliakova, E AF Li, Dan Malyshev, Sergey Shevliakova, Elena TI Exploring historical and future urban climate in the Earth System Modeling framework: 2. Impact of urban land use over the Continental United States SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE urban land use; precipitation; building heating; climate change; CONUS ID HEAT-ISLAND; SCENARIOS; ENERGY; WATER AB Using a newly developed urban canopy model (UCM) coupled to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) land model LM3 (LM3-UCM), this study examines the urban land use impacts over the Continental United States (CONUS) under the present-day climate and two future scenarios. Using natural (undisturbed) vegetation systems as references where no land use has occurred, the LM3-UCM simulations show that the spatial pattern of summer (June, July, and August) temperature differences between urban and natural vegetation systems is primarily controlled by the spatial pattern of differences in evapotranspiration, which further depends on the spatial distribution of precipitation. The magnitude of temperature differences generally increases as the summer precipitation amount increases and then levels off when the total summer precipitation amount exceeds 400 mm, which is broadly consistent with previous studies but with significant variability. In winter (December, January, February), the magnitude of temperature differences is more controlled by the building heating than the precipitation amount. At high latitudes where snow is an important factor in radiative balance, the magnitude is also affected by a larger net shortwave radiation input for urban areas due to the lower albedo of cities. Although both urban and natural vegetation temperatures increase as the climate warms, their increasing rates are different and hence their differences change with time. It is found that the multidecadal trend of summer temperature difference is negligible. However, the winter temperature difference shows a strong negative trend, which is caused by reduced building heating requirements under a warming climate. C1 [Li, Dan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Li, Dan] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Malyshev, Sergey] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Shevliakova, Elena] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Li, D (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM lidan@bu.edu FU NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) [NA08OAR4320752]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University - BP FX Support from the NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) grant NA08OAR4320752 and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University, sponsored by BP, is acknowledged. The statements, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, the U.S. Department of Commerce or BP. The code and simulation results can be obtained from the corresponding author. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 BP 936 EP 953 DI 10.1002/2015MS000579 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR7II UT WOS:000380072800023 ER PT J AU Cardone, A Brady, M Sriram, R Pant, HC Hassan, SA AF Cardone, A. Brady, M. Sriram, R. Pant, H. C. Hassan, S. A. TI Computational study of the inhibitory mechanism of the kinase CDK5 hyperactivity by peptide p5 and derivation of a pharmacophore SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MOLECULAR DESIGN LA English DT Article DE CDK5; p5; p25; p35; TFP5; Alzheimer's disease; Beta amyloid; Hyperphosphorylation; Protein-protein association; Computer simulation; Molecular dynamics ID CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE-5; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; TAU HYPERPHOSPHORYLATION; NEURONAL ACTIVATOR; MOUSE MODEL; P35; BINDING; P25; ASSOCIATION; SIMULATIONS AB The hyperactivity of the cyclic dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) induced by the activator protein p25 has been linked to a number of pathologies of the brain. The CDK5-p25 complex has thus emerged as a major therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. Experiments have shown that the peptide p5 reduces the CDK5-p25 activity without affecting the endogenous CDK5-p35 activity, whereas the peptide TFP5, obtained from p5, elicits similar inhibition, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and exhibits behavioral rescue of AD mice models with no toxic side effects. The molecular basis of the kinase inhibition is not currently known, and is here investigated by computer simulations. It is shown that p5 binds the kinase at the same CDK5/p25 and CDK5/p35 interfaces, and is thus a non-selective competitor of both activators, in agreement with available experimental data in vitro. Binding of p5 is enthalpically driven with an affinity estimated in the low A mu M range. A quantitative description of the binding site and pharmacophore is presented, and options are discussed to increase the binding affinity and selectivity in the design of drug-like compounds against AD. C1 [Cardone, A.; Brady, M.; Sriram, R.] NIST, Software & Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cardone, A.] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pant, H. C.] NINDS, Lab Neurochem, NIH, Bldg 36,Rm 4D04, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hassan, S. A.] NIH, Ctr Mol Modeling, Div Computat Biosci, CIT, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Cardone, A (reprint author), NIST, Software & Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Cardone, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM antonio.cardone@nist.gov FU NIH Intramural Research Program through the CIT; NINDS; NIST Research Fund FX This study utilized the high-performance computer capabilities of the Biowulf PC/Linux cluster at the NIH. This work was supported by the NIH Intramural Research Program through the CIT and NINDS, and an internal NIST Research Fund. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-654X EI 1573-4951 J9 J COMPUT AID MOL DES JI J. Comput.-Aided Mol. Des. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 30 IS 6 BP 513 EP 521 DI 10.1007/s10822-016-9922-3 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Computer Science GA DR6BP UT WOS:000379986400005 PM 27387995 ER PT J AU Zhao, LH Chien, S Meegoda, J Luo, ZZ Liu, XB AF Zhao, Liuhui Chien, Steven Meegoda, Jay Luo, Zhengzhao Liu, Xiaobo TI Cost-Benefit Analysis and Microclimate-Based Optimization of a RWIS Network SO JOURNAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Road weather information system; Life cycle model; Weather variability; Facility location; Optimization; Cost and benefit analysis ID WEATHER INFORMATION-SYSTEM; LOCATION; GIS; STATIONS AB The Road Weather Information System (RWIS) has been applied as an effective tool to collect weather and road surface temperature information and to assist operational decisions for snow and ice control activities. Current practices on siting regional RWIS stations rely on the knowledge and experiences of maintenance and operation personnel, which is subjective and inefficient. A two-stage sequential model is developed in this paper. The Stage-1 model optimizes the number and locations of RWIS stations, which intends to maximize spatial coverage with the least overlapping area, considering the variation of regional weather severity. The deployment of the optimized RWIS sites can be prioritized by the Stage-2 model, which maximizes the lifecycle profit subject to limited budget. The proposed methodology is applied to optimize a RWIS network for the State of New York. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Zhao, Liuhui] New Jersey Inst Technol, Transportat Program, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Chien, Steven] Changan Univ, Sch Automobile, Xian, Peoples R China. [Chien, Steven; Meegoda, Jay] New Jersey Inst Technol, John A Reif Jr Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Luo, Zhengzhao] CUNY, City Coll New York, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Luo, Zhengzhao] CUNY, City Coll New York, NOAA CREST Inst, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Liu, Xiaobo] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Transportat & Logist, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China. RP Chien, S (reprint author), Changan Univ, Sch Automobile, Xian, Peoples R China.; Chien, S (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, John A Reif Jr Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM chien@adm.njit.edu FU New York State Department of Transportation; University Transportation Research Center-Region II; NYSDOT FX The authors would like to thank anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. This paper is based on a research project sponsored by New York State Department of Transportation and The University Transportation Research Center-Region II. This support is gratefully acknowledged but implies no endorsement of the conclusions by NYSDOT. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1076-0342 EI 1943-555X J9 J INFRASTRUCT SYST JI J. Infrastruct. Syst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 2 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000278 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA DR6BK UT WOS:000379985900006 ER PT J AU Falchi, F Cinzano, P Duriscoe, D Kyba, CCM Elvidge, CD Baugh, K Portnov, BA Rybnikova, NA Furgoni, R AF Falchi, Fabio Cinzano, Pierantonio Duriscoe, Dan Kyba, Christopher C. M. Elvidge, Christopher D. Baugh, Kimberly Portnov, Boris A. Rybnikova, Nataliya A. Furgoni, Riccardo TI The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness SO SCIENCE ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-POLLUTION; GLOW; VISIBILITY; ASTRONOMY; MODELS; SYSTEM; HEALTH; IMPACT; CRIME; TIME AB Artificial lights raise night sky luminance, creating the most visible effect of light pollution-artificial skyglow. Despite the increasing interest among scientists in fields such as ecology, astronomy, health care, and land-use planning, light pollution lacks a current quantification of its magnitude on a global scale. To overcome this, we present the world atlas of artificial sky luminance, computed with our light pollution propagation software using new high-resolution satellite data and new precision sky brightness measurements. This atlas shows that more than 80% of the world and more than 99% of the U.S. and European populations live under light-polluted skies. The Milky Way is hidden from more than one-third of humanity, including 60% of Europeans and nearly 80% of North Americans. Moreover, 23% of the world's land surfaces between 75 degrees N and 60 degrees S, 88% of Europe, and almost half of the United States experience light-polluted nights. C1 [Falchi, Fabio; Cinzano, Pierantonio; Furgoni, Riccardo] Light Pollut Sci & Technol Inst, I-36016 Thiene, Italy. [Duriscoe, Dan] Natl Pk Serv, US Dept Interior, Nat Sounds & Night Skies Div, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Kyba, Christopher C. M.] Deutsch GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany. [Kyba, Christopher C. M.] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Earth Observat Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Baugh, Kimberly] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Portnov, Boris A.; Rybnikova, Nataliya A.] Univ Haifa, Fac Management, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel. [Furgoni, Riccardo] Amer Assoc Variable Star Observers, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Falchi, F (reprint author), Light Pollut Sci & Technol Inst, I-36016 Thiene, Italy. EM falchi@istil.it NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 18 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2375-2548 J9 SCI ADV JI Sci. Adv. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 2 IS 6 AR e1600377 DI 10.1126/sciadv.1600377 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DR7IS UT WOS:000380073800031 PM 27386582 ER PT J AU Sequera, P Gonzalez, JE McDonald, K LaDochy, S Comarazamy, D AF Sequera, Pedro Gonzalez, Jorge E. McDonald, Kyle LaDochy, Steve Comarazamy, Daniel TI Improvements in Land-Use Classification for Estimating Daytime Surface Temperatures and Sea-Breeze Flows in Southern California SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Circulation/dynamics; Atmosphere-land interaction; Atmosphere/ocean structure/phenomena; Sea breezes; Observational techniques and algorithms; Remote sensing; Mathematical and statistical techniques; Classification; Models and modeling; Mesoscale models; Applications; Land use ID URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; METROPOLITAN-AREA; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; SOIL-MOISTURE; MODEL; URBANIZATION; IMPACTS; CITY; ALBEDO AB Understanding the interactions between large-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns and changes in land cover and land use (LCLU) due to urbanization is a relevant subject in many coastal climates. Recent studies by Lebassi et al. found that the average maximum air temperatures during the summer in two populated California coastal areas decreased at low-elevation areas open to marine air penetration during the period of 1970-2005. This coastal cooling was attributed to an increase in sea-breeze activity. The aims of this work are to better understand the coastal flow patterns and sea-land thermal gradient by improving the land-cover classification scheme in the region using updated airborne remote sensing data and to assess the suitability of the updated regional atmospheric modeling system for representing maritime flows in this region. This study uses high-resolution airborne data from the NASA Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) mission preparatory flight campaign over Southern California and surface ground stations to compare observations against model estimations. Five new urban land classes were created using broadband albedo derived from the Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) sensor and then assimilated into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The updated model captures the diurnal spatial and temporal sea-breeze patterns in the region. Results show notable improvements of simulated daytime surface temperature and coastal winds using the HyspIRI-derived products in the model against the default land classification, reaffirming the importance of accounting for heterogeneity of urban surface properties. C1 [Sequera, Pedro; Gonzalez, Jorge E.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, 140th St & Convent Ave,Steinman Hall,Room T-238, New York, NY 10031 USA. [McDonald, Kyle] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [LaDochy, Steve] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Geosci & Environm, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Comarazamy, Daniel] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Gonzalez, JE (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, 140th St & Convent Ave,Steinman Hall,Room T-238, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gonzalez@me.ccny.cuny.edu FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Education Educational Partnership Program Award [NA11SEC4810004]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS-1062934, 0933414]; U.S. Department of Education [P031M105066]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0958379, CNS-0855217]; City University of New York High Performance Computing Center at the College of Staten Island FX This work was made possible in part by the following supporting agencies: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Education Educational Partnership Program Award NA11SEC4810004; U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers AGS-1062934 and 0933414; and U.S. Department of Education under Grant P031M105066. This research was also supported, in part, under National Science Foundation Grants CNS-0958379 and CNS-0855217 and the City University of New York High Performance Computing Center at the College of Staten Island. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 20 AR 16 DI 10.1175/EI-D-14-0034.1 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DQ9QT UT WOS:000379545100001 ER PT J AU Hoyos, ICP Krakauer, NY Khanbilvardi, R AF Hoyos, Isabel C. Perez Krakauer, Nir Y. Khanbilvardi, Reza TI Estimating the Probability of Vegetation to Be Groundwater Dependent Based on the Evaluation of Tree Models SO ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE groundwater dependent ecosystems; decision trees; random forest; GIS; remote sensing; phreatophytes ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; WATER-CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEMS; ECOHYDROLOGY; PREVALENCE; PREDICTION; ECOLOGY; KAPPA; SOIL; CLASSIFICATION; DISCHARGE AB Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs) are increasingly threatened by humans' rising demand for water resources. Consequently, it is imperative to identify the location of GDEs to protect them. This paper develops a methodology to identify the probability of an ecosystem to be groundwater dependent. Probabilities are obtained by modeling the relationship between the known locations of GDEs and factors influencing groundwater dependence, namely water table depth and climatic aridity index. Probabilities are derived for the state of Nevada, USA, using modeled water table depth and aridity index values obtained from the Global Aridity database. The model selected results from the performance comparison of classification trees (CT) and random forests (RF). Based on a threshold-independent accuracy measure, RF has a better ability to generate probability estimates. Considering a threshold that minimizes the misclassification rate for each model, RF also proves to be more accurate. Regarding training accuracy, performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are higher for RF. For the test set, higher values of accuracy and kappa for CT highlight the fact that these measures are greatly affected by low prevalence. As shown for RF, the choice of the cutoff probability value has important consequences on model accuracy and the overall proportion of locations where GDEs are found. C1 [Hoyos, Isabel C. Perez; Krakauer, Nir Y.; Khanbilvardi, Reza] NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol NOAA CREST, City Coll New York, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Hoyos, ICP (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol NOAA CREST, City Coll New York, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM isabel55.ph@gmail.com; nkrakauer@ccny.cuny.edu; khanbilvardi@ccny.cuny.edu NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2076-3298 J9 ENVIRONMENTS JI Environments PD JUN PY 2016 VL 3 IS 2 AR 9 DI 10.3390/environments3020009 PG 21 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA DQ8ZA UT WOS:000379499000001 ER PT J AU Kuligowski, RJ Li, YP Hao, Y Zhang, Y AF Kuligowski, Robert J. Li, Yaping Hao, Yan Zhang, Yu TI Improvements to the GOES-R Rainfall Rate Algorithm SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; SCAMPR SATELLITE; TRMM DATA; RESOLUTION; INGEST; CLOUDS AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite series R (GOES-R) will greatly expand the ability to observe the earth from geostationary orbit compared to the current-generation GOES, with more than 3 times as many spectral bands and a 75% reduction in footprint size. These enhanced capabilities are beneficial to rainfall rate estimation since they provide sensitivity to cloud-top properties such as phase and particle size that cannot be achieved using the limited channel selection of current GOES. The GOES-R rainfall rate algorithm, which is an infrared-based algorithm calibrated in real time against passive microwave rain rates, has been previously described in an algorithm theoretical basis document (ATBD); this paper describes modifications since the release of the ATBD, including a correction for evaporation of precipitation in dry regions and improved calibration updates. These improvements have been evaluated using a simplified version applicable to current-generation GOES to take advantage of the high-resolution ground validation data routinely available over the conterminous United States. Correcting for subcloud evaporation using relative humidity from a numerical model reduced false alarm rainfall by half and reduced the overall error by 35% for hourly accumulations validated against the National Centers for Environmental Prediction stage IV radar-gauge field; however, the number of missed events did increase slightly. Reducing the size of the calibration regions and increasing the training data requirements improved the consistency of the retrieved rates in time and space and reduced the overall error by an additional 4%. C1 [Kuligowski, Robert J.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Li, Yaping; Hao, Yan] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Zhang, Yu] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Water Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kuligowski, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, SMCD,NCWCP ERA2, 5830 Univ Res Court,2nd Floor,Off 2828, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM bob.kuligowski@noaa.gov RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009 OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252 FU GOES-R Program Office; NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research (OAR) Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP) FX This work was supported by the GOES-R Program Office and by the NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research (OAR) Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP). MWCOMB and QMORPH data and daily COOP gauge data were obtained from CPC via anonymous ftp; PERSIANN-CCS data were obtained from the University of California, Irvine, via anonymous ftp. Archive stage IV data were obtained from the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)/National Corporation for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Computing, Data, and Software Facility (CDS). Archive GOES data were obtained from the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC). Figures 5-7 were created using the Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS). The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1693 EP 1704 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0186.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ9CK UT WOS:000379507800001 ER PT J AU Haughton, N Abramowitz, G Pitman, AJ Or, D Best, MJ Johnson, HR Balsamo, G Boone, A Cuntz, M Decharme, B Dirmeyer, PA Dong, JR Ek, M Guo, ZC Haverd, V van den Hurk, BJJ Nearing, GS Pak, B Santanello, JA Stevens, LE Vuichard, N AF Haughton, Ned Abramowitz, Gab Pitman, Andy J. Or, Dani Best, Martin J. Johnson, Helen R. Balsamo, Gianpaolo Boone, Aaron Cuntz, Matthias Decharme, Bertrand Dirmeyer, Paul A. Dong, Jairui Ek, Michael Guo, Zichang Haverd, Vanessa van den Hurk, Bart J. J. Nearing, Grey S. Pak, Bernard Santanello, Joe A., Jr. Stevens, Lauren E. Vuichard, Nicolas TI The Plumbing of Land Surface Models: Is Poor Performance a Result of Methodology or Data Quality? SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; ATMOSPHERE COUPLING EXPERIMENT; SOIL WETNESS PROJECT; PARAMETRIZATION SCHEMES; CLIMATE; MOISTURE; SITES; CO2; IMPACT; GLACE AB The Protocol for the Analysis of Land Surface Models (PALS) Land Surface Model Benchmarking Evaluation Project (PLUMBER) illustrated the value of prescribing a priori performance targets inmodel intercomparisons. It showed that the performance of turbulent energy flux predictions from different land surface models, at a broad range of flux tower sites using common evaluation metrics, was on average worse than relatively simple empirical models. For sensible heat fluxes, all land surface models were outperformed by a linear regression against downward short wave radiation. For latent heat flux, all land surface models were outperformed by a regression against downward shortwave radiation, surface air temperature, and relative humidity. These results are explored here in greater detail and possible causes are investigated. It is examined whether particular metrics or sites unduly influence the collated results, whether results change according to time-scale aggregation, and whether a lack of energy conservation in flux tower data gives the empirical models an unfair advantage in the intercomparison. It is demonstrated that energy conservation in the observational data is not responsible for these results. It is also shown that the partitioning between sensible and latent heat fluxes in LSMs, rather than the calculation of available energy, is the cause of the original findings. Finally, evidence is presented that suggests that the nature of this partitioning problem is likely shared among all contributing LSMs. While a single candidate explanation for why land surface models perform poorly relative to empirical benchmarks in PLUMBER could not be found, multiple possible explanations are excluded and guidance is provided on where future research should focus. C1 [Haughton, Ned; Abramowitz, Gab; Pitman, Andy J.] ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Or, Dani] ETH, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Best, Martin J.; Johnson, Helen R.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Balsamo, Gianpaolo] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Boone, Aaron; Decharme, Bertrand] Meteo France, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Cuntz, Matthias] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Dirmeyer, Paul A.; Guo, Zichang] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Dong, Jairui; Ek, Michael] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, College Pk, MD USA. [Haverd, Vanessa] Oceans & Atmosphere CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [van den Hurk, Bart J. J.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Nearing, Grey S.; Santanello, Joe A., Jr.] NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Pak, Bernard; Stevens, Lauren E.] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Vuichard, Nicolas] UVSQ, CNRS, CEA, UMR 8212,IPSL,LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Haughton, N (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Level 4,Matthews Bldg, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM ned@nedhaughton.com RI haverd, vanessa/G-8683-2011; Pitman, Andrew/A-7353-2011; Santanello, Joseph/D-4438-2012; Or, Dani/D-8768-2012 OI Pitman, Andrew/0000-0003-0604-3274; Santanello, Joseph/0000-0002-0807-6590; Or, Dani/0000-0002-3236-2933 FU Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science [CE110001028]; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [CA01101]; U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-04ER63917, DE-FG02-04ER63911]; CFCAS; NSERC; BIOCAP; Environment and Climate Change Canada; NRCan; CarboEuropeIP; FAO-GTOS-TCO; iLEAPS; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; National Science Foundation; University of Tuscia; Universite Laval; U.S. Department of Energy FX We acknowledge the support of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (CE110001028). M. Best and H. Johnson were supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (CA01101). This work used eddy covariance data acquired by the FLUXNET community and in particular by the following networks: AmeriFlux [U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program (DE-FG02-04ER63917 and DE-FG02-04ER63911)], AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, ChinaFlux, FLUXNET-Canada (supported by CFCAS, NSERC, BIOCAP, Environment and Climate Change Canada, and NRCan), Green-Grass, KoFlux, LBA, NECC, OzFlux, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC. We acknowledge the financial support to the eddy covariance data harmonization provided by CarboEuropeIP, FAO-GTOS-TCO, iLEAPS, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, National Science Foundation, University of Tuscia, Universite Laval and Environment and Climate Change Canada, and U.S. Department of Energy and the database development and technical support from Berkeley Water Center; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Microsoft Research eScience; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University of California, Berkeley; and University of Virginia. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1705 EP 1723 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0171.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ9CK UT WOS:000379507800002 ER PT J AU Hobbins, MT Wood, A McEvoy, DJ Huntington, JL Morton, C Anderson, M Hain, C AF Hobbins, Michael T. Wood, Andrew McEvoy, Daniel J. Huntington, Justin L. Morton, Charles Anderson, Martha Hain, Christopher TI The Evaporative Demand Drought Index. Part I: Linking Drought Evolution to Variations in Evaporative Demand SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SEVERITY INDEX; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; FORECASTS AB Many operational drought indices focus primarily on precipitation and temperature when depicting hydroclimatic anomalies, and this perspective can be augmented by analyses and products that reflect the evaporative dynamics of drought. The linkage between atmospheric evaporative demand E-0 and actual evapotranspiration (ET) is leveraged in a new drought index based solely on E-0-the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI). EDDI measures the signal of drought through the response of E-0 to surface drying anomalies that result from two distinct land surface-atmosphere interactions: 1) a complementary relationship between E-0 and ET that develops under moisture limitations at the land surface, leading to ET declining and increasing E-0, as in sustained droughts, and 2) parallel ET and E-0 increases arising from increased energy availability that lead to surface moisture limitations, as in flash droughts. To calculate EDDI from E-0, a long-term, daily reanalysis of reference ET estimated from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) standardized reference ET equation using radiation and meteorological variables from the North American Land Data Assimilation System phase 2 (NLDAS-2) is used. EDDI is obtained by deriving empirical probabilities of aggregated E-0 depths relative to their climatologic means across a user-specific time period and normalizing these probabilities. Positive EDDI values then indicate drier-than-normal conditions and the potential for drought. EDDI is a physically based, multiscalar drought index that that can serve as an indicator of both flash and sustained droughts, in some hydroclimates offering early warning relative to current operational drought indices. The performance of EDDI is assessed against other commonly used drought metrics across CONUS in Part II. C1 [Hobbins, Michael T.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hobbins, Michael T.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wood, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [McEvoy, Daniel J.; Huntington, Justin L.; Morton, Charles] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. [Anderson, Martha] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Hain, Christopher] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hobbins, MT (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mike.hobbins@noaa.gov OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS); U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID); NOAA [AID-FFP-P-10-00002/006]; NOAA MAPP Grant [NA11OAR4310142]; DRI Maki Endowment [6223-640-0969]; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Climate Analysis Tools WaterSMART Program Grant [R11AP81454]; U.S. Geological Survey; DRI Great Basin Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit Collaborative Project on Drought Monitoring and Fallow Field-Tracking through Cloud Computing of Landsat; MODIS; Gridded Climate Data Archives Grant [G15AC00137]; U.S. Bureau of Land Management Grant [L13AC00169]; NASA Applied Sciences Water Resources Grant [NNX12AK90G] FX The NLDAS-2 data were acquired as part of the mission of NASA's Earth Science Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). Dr. Hobbins was supported by the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) and from an Inter-Agency Agreement between the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and NOAA for support to the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET; AID-FFP-P-10-00002/006). Dr. Wood was supported by a NOAA MAPP Grant (NA11OAR4310142). Dr. McEvoy, Dr. Huntington, and Mr. Morton were supported by a DRI Maki Endowment for enhancing water resource monitoring in Southern Nevada Grant (6223-640-0969); a U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Climate Analysis Tools WaterSMART Program Grant (R11AP81454); a U.S. Geological Survey and DRI Great Basin Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit Collaborative Project on Drought Monitoring and Fallow Field-Tracking through Cloud Computing of Landsat, MODIS, and Gridded Climate Data Archives Grant (G15AC00137); and a U.S. Bureau of Land Management Grant (L13AC00169). Dr. Anderson and Dr. Hain were supported by a NASA Applied Sciences Water Resources Grant (NNX12AK90G). NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1745 EP 1761 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0121.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ9CK UT WOS:000379507800004 ER PT J AU McEvoy, DJ Huntington, JL Hobbins, MT Wood, A Morton, C Anderson, M Hain, C AF McEvoy, Daniel J. Huntington, Justin L. Hobbins, Michael T. Wood, Andrew Morton, Charles Anderson, Martha Hain, Christopher TI The Evaporative Demand Drought Index. Part II: CONUS-Wide Assessment against Common Drought Indicators SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; STRESS INDEX; WEST-COAST; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; MODEL; FRAMEWORK; MONITOR AB Precipitation, soil moisture, and air temperature are the most commonly used climate variables to monitor drought; however, other climatic factors such as solar radiation, wind speed, and humidity can be important drivers in the depletion of soil moisture and evolution and persistence of drought. This work assesses the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI) at multiple time scales for several hydroclimates as the second part of a two-part study. EDDI and individual evaporative demand components were examined as they relate to the dynamic evolution of flash drought over the central United States, characterization of hydrologic drought over the western United States, and comparison to commonly used drought metrics of the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSI), and the evaporative stress index (ESI). Two main advantages of EDDI over other drought indices are that it is independent of precipitation (similar to ESI) and it can be decomposed to identify the role individual evaporative drivers have on drought onset and persistence. At short time scales, spatial distributions and time series results illustrate that EDDI often indicates drought onset well in advance of the USDM, SPI, and SSI. Results illustrate the benefits of physically based evaporative demand estimates and demonstrate EDDI's utility and effectiveness in an easy-to-implement agricultural early warning and long-term hydrologic drought-monitoring tool with potential applications in seasonal forecasting and fire-weather monitoring. C1 [McEvoy, Daniel J.; Huntington, Justin L.; Morton, Charles] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Hobbins, Michael T.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hobbins, Michael T.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Wood, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Anderson, Martha] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Hain, Christopher] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP McEvoy, DJ (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Western Reg Climate Ctr, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM mcevoyd@dri.edu OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS); U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID); NOAA [AID-FFP-P-10-00002/006]; NOAA MAPP Grant [NA11OAR4310142]; DRI Maki Endowment for Enhancing Water Resource Monitoring in Southern Nevada Grant [6223-640-0969]; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Climate Analysis Tools WaterSMART Program Grant [R11AP81454]; U.S. Geological Survey; DRI Great Basin Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit Collaborative Project on Drought Monitoring and Fallow Field-Tracking through Cloud Computing of Landsat, MODIS; Gridded Climate Data Archives Grant [G15AC00137]; U.S. Bureau of Land Management Grant [L13AC00169]; NASA Applied Sciences Water Resources Grant [NNX12AK90G] FX The NLDAS-2 data were acquired as part of the mission of NASA's Earth Science Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). Dr. Hobbins was supported from the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) and from an Inter-Agency Agreement between the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and NOAA for support to the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET; AID-FFP-P-10-00002/006). Dr. Wood was supported by a NOAA MAPP Grant (NA11OAR4310142). Dr. McEvoy, Dr. Huntington, and Mr. Morton were supported by a DRI Maki Endowment for Enhancing Water Resource Monitoring in Southern Nevada Grant (6223-640-0969), a U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Climate Analysis Tools WaterSMART Program Grant (R11AP81454), a U.S. Geological Survey and DRI Great Basin Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit Collaborative Project on Drought Monitoring and Fallow Field-Tracking through Cloud Computing of Landsat, MODIS, and Gridded Climate Data Archives Grant (G15AC00137), and a U.S. Bureau of Land Management Grant (L13AC00169). Dr. Anderson and Dr. Hain were supported by a NASA Applied Sciences Water Resources Grant (NNX12AK90G). NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1763 EP 1779 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0122.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ9CK UT WOS:000379507800005 ER PT J AU Ye, J AF Ye, Jun TI Preface: special topic on cold atoms SO NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ye, Jun] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA.; Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO USA. EM Ye@JILA.colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2095-5138 EI 2053-714X J9 NATL SCI REV JI Natl. Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 3 IS 2 BP 165 EP 165 DI 10.1093/nsr/nww034 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DR2UP UT WOS:000379759700015 ER PT J AU Rey, AM AF Rey, Ana Maria TI Synthetic gauge fields for ultracold atoms SO NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material ID GASES C1 [Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rey, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Rey, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM arey@jilau1.colorado.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2095-5138 EI 2053-714X J9 NATL SCI REV JI Natl. Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 3 IS 2 BP 166 EP 167 DI 10.1093/nsr/nwv053 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DR2UP UT WOS:000379759700016 ER PT J AU Zhang, XB Ye, J AF Zhang, Xibo Ye, Jun TI Precision measurement and frequency metrology with ultracold atoms SO NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW LA English DT Review DE ultracold atoms; optical atomic clocks; precision measurement; frequency metrology; many-body physics; quantum state control ID OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; SPIN-EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; MOTT INSULATOR; NOBEL LECTURE; POLAR-MOLECULES; LASER STABILIZATION; QUANTUM GAS; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION AB Precision measurement and frequency metrology have pushed many scientific and technological frontiers in the field of atomic, molecular and optical physics. In this article, we provide a brief review on the recent development of optical atomic clocks, with an emphasis placed on the important inter-dependence between measurement precision and systematic effects. After presenting a general discussion on the motivation and techniques behind the development of optical lattice clocks, where the use of many atoms greatly enhances the measurement precision, we present the JILA strontium optical lattice clock as the leading system of frequency metrology with the lowest total uncertainty, and we describe other related research activities. We discuss key ingredients that have enabled the optical lattice clocks with ultracold atoms to reach the 18th digit in both precision and accuracy. Furthermore, we discuss extending the power of precision clock spectroscopy to study quantum many-body physics and to provide control for atomic quantum materials. In addition, we explore future research directions that have the potential to achieve even greater precision. C1 [Zhang, Xibo] NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Xibo] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Int Ctr Quantum Mat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, XB (reprint author), NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Zhang, XB (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Int Ctr Quantum Mat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM xibo@pku.edu.cn RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2095-5138 EI 2053-714X J9 NATL SCI REV JI Natl. Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 3 IS 2 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1093/nsr/nww013 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DR2UP UT WOS:000379759700021 ER PT J AU Avramov-Zamurovic, S Yoo, JM Dagalakis, NG AF Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana Yoo, Jae Myung Dagalakis, Nicholas G. TI Capacitive displacement sensor for detecting planar submicrometer motion SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE AB This paper describes the design of a very simple displacement sensor that measures the change in the position of an object by sensing the change in capacitance due to the movement of this object in the sensor fringing electric field. Two sensor geometries with small footprints were considered and several sensor variations were built and tested. At distances of approximately 0.5 mu m and 30 mu m, test results demonstrated that the sensors' resolution was in the order of tens of nanometers. C1 [Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Dept, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Yoo, Jae Myung] Appl Mat Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Dagalakis, Nicholas G.] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Avramov-Zamurovic, S (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Dept, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU Robotic Systems for Smart Manufacturing Program of the Intelligent Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA FX This work was partially supported by the Robotic Systems for Smart Manufacturing Program of the Intelligent Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 87 IS 6 AR 065001 DI 10.1063/1.4952585 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ4MC UT WOS:000379177000067 PM 27370483 ER PT J AU Egan, PF Stone, JA Ricker, JE Hendricks, JH AF Egan, Patrick F. Stone, Jack A. Ricker, Jacob E. Hendricks, Jay H. TI Comparison measurements of low-pressure between a laser refractometer and ultrasonic manometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; GASES; AIR; DENSITY; C2H4; SF6 AB We have developed a new low-pressure sensor which is based on the measurement of (nitrogen) gas refractivity inside a Fabry-Perot cavity. We compare pressure determinations via this laser refractometer to that of well-established ultrasonic manometers throughout the range 100 Pa to 180 000 Pa. The refractometer demonstrates 10(-6) . p reproducibility for p > 100 Pa, and this precision outperforms a manometer. We also claim the refractometer has an expanded uncertainty of U(p(FP)) = [(2.0 mPa)(2) + (8.8 x 10(-6) . p)(2)](1/2), as realized through the properties of nitrogen gas; we argue that a transfer of the pascal to p < 1 kPa using a laser refractometer is more accurate than the current primary realization. C1 [Egan, Patrick F.; Stone, Jack A.; Ricker, Jacob E.; Hendricks, Jay H.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Egan, PF (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM patrick.egan@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 87 IS 5 AR 053113 DI 10.1063/1.4949504 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ4QE UT WOS:000379187600033 PM 27250398 ER PT J AU Gillis, KA Moldover, MR Mehl, JB AF Gillis, K. A. Moldover, M. R. Mehl, J. B. TI Detecting leaks in gas-filled pressure vessels using acoustic resonances SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-CONVECTION; HORIZONTAL CYLINDER; FLOW; TEMPERATURE AB We demonstrate that a leak from a large, unthermostatted pressure vessel into ambient air can be detected an order of magnitude more effectively by measuring the time dependence of the ratio p/f(2) than by measuring the ratio p/T. Here f is the resonance frequency of an acoustic mode of the gas inside the pressure vessel, p is the pressure of the gas, and T is the kelvin temperature measured at one point in the gas. In general, the resonance frequencies are determined by a mode-dependent, weighted average of the square of the speed-of-sound throughout the volume of the gas. However, the weighting usually has a weak dependence on likely temperature gradients in the gas inside a large pressure vessel. Using the ratio p/f(2), we measured a gas leak (dM/dt)/M approximate to -1.3 x 10(-5) h(-1) = -0.11 yr(-1) from a 300-liter pressure vessel filled with argon at 450 kPa that was exposed to sunshine-driven temperature and pressure fluctuations as large as (dT/dt)/T approximate to (dp/dt)/p approximate to 5 x 10(-2) h(-1) using a 24-hour data record. This leak could not be detected in a 72-hour record of p/T. (Here M is the mass of the gas in the vessel and t is the time.) C1 [Gillis, K. A.; Moldover, M. R.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mehl, J. B.] 36 Zunuqua Trail,POB 307, Orcas, WA 98280 USA. RP Gillis, KA (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM keith.gillis@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 87 IS 5 AR 054901 DI 10.1063/1.4948393 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ4QE UT WOS:000379187600091 PM 27250456 ER PT J AU Haddad, D Seifert, F Chao, LS Li, S Newell, DB Pratt, JR Williams, C Schlamminger, S AF Haddad, D. Seifert, F. Chao, L. S. Li, S. Newell, D. B. Pratt, J. R. Williams, C. Schlamminger, S. TI Invited Article: A precise instrument to determine the Planck constant, and the future kilogram SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID WATT BALANCE EXPERIMENT; JOSEPHSON VOLTAGE STANDARD; MAGNET SYSTEM; MARK-II; NEW-GENERATION; REALIZATION; DESIGN; AMPERE; REDEFINITION; DEFINITION AB A precise instrument, called a watt balance, compares mechanical power measured in terms of the meter, the second, and the kilogram to electrical power measured in terms of the volt and the ohm. A direct link between mechanical action and the Planck constant is established by the practical realization of the electrical units derived from the Josephson and the quantum Hall effects. We describe in this paper the fourth-generation watt balance at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and report our initial determination of the Planck constant obtained from data taken in late 2015 and the beginning of 2016. A comprehensive analysis of the data and the associated uncertainties led to the SI value of the Planck constant, h = 6.626 069 83(22) x 10(-34) J s. The relative standard uncertainty associated with this result is 34 x 10(-9). (C) 2016 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). C1 [Haddad, D.; Seifert, F.; Chao, L. S.; Li, S.; Newell, D. B.; Pratt, J. R.; Williams, C.; Schlamminger, S.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8171, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haddad, D.; Seifert, F.; Williams, C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, S.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Haddad, D (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8171, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Haddad, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM darine.haddad@nist.gov; stephan.schlamminger@nist.gov OI Li, Shisong/0000-0002-2509-5523 NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 87 IS 6 AR 061301 DI 10.1063/1.4953825 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ4MC UT WOS:000379177000002 PM 27370418 ER PT J AU Sherman, JA Jordens, R AF Sherman, Jeff A. Jordens, Robert TI Oscillator metrology with software defined radio SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID STABILITY MEASUREMENT SYSTEM; FREQUENCY-STABILITY; OPTICAL FREQUENCY; DIGITAL-FILTERS; LASER; INTERPOLATION; INSTABILITY; VARIANCE; ACCURACY; CLOCKS AB Analog electrical elements such as mixers, filters, transfer oscillators, isolating buffers, dividers, and even transmission lines contribute technical noise and unwanted environmental coupling in time and frequency measurements. Software defined radio (SDR) techniques replace many of these analog components with digital signal processing (DSP) on rapidly sampled signals. We demonstrate that, generically, commercially available multi-channel SDRs are capable of time and frequency metrology, outperforming purpose-built devices by as much as an order-of-magnitude. For example, for signals at 10 MHz and 6 GHz, we observe SDR time deviation noise floors of about 20 fs and 1 fs, respectively, in under 10 ms of averaging. Examining the other complex signal component, we find a relative amplitude measurement instability of 3 x 10(-7) at 5 MHz. We discuss the scalability of a SDR-based system for simultaneous measurement of many clocks. SDR's frequency agility allows for comparison of oscillators at widely different frequencies. We demonstrate a novel and extreme example with optical clock frequencies differing by many terahertz: using a femtosecond-laser frequency comb and SDR, we show femtosecond-level time comparisons of ultra-stable lasers with zero measurement dead-time. C1 [Sherman, Jeff A.; Jordens, Robert] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sherman, JA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jeff.sherman@nist.gov; rj@m-labs.hk OI Jordens, Robert/0000-0001-5333-0562 FU NIST's Time and Frequency Division FX NIST's Time and Frequency Division funded this investigation. The work is a contribution of NIST and not subject to U.S. copyright. The authors thank Judah Levine for helpful discussions, Joshua Savory (maser comparisons), Franklyn Quinlan (FLFC measurements), and Roger Brown for careful reading of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 87 IS 5 AR 054711 DI 10.1063/1.4950898 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ4QE UT WOS:000379187600090 PM 27250455 ER PT J AU Vaz, CI Liu, CZ Campbell, JP Ryan, JT Southwick, RG Gundlach, D Oates, AS Huang, R Cheung, KP AF Vaz, Canute I. Liu, Changze Campbell, Jason P. Ryan, Jason T. Southwick, Richard G., III Gundlach, David Oates, Anthony S. Huang, Ru Cheung, Kin. P. TI Observation of strong reflection of electron waves exiting a ballistic channel at low energy SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-METAL RINGS; LANDAUER FORMULA; POINT CONTACTS; CONDUCTANCE; INTERFERENCE; RESISTANCE; FLUCTUATIONS; DEVICES; REGIONS; H/E AB Wave scattering by a potential step is a ubiquitous concept. Thus, it is surprising that theoretical treatments of ballistic transport in nanoscale devices, from quantum point contacts to ballistic transistors, assume no reflection even when the potential step is encountered upon exiting the device. Experiments so far seem to support this even if it is not clear why. Here we report clear evidence of coherent reflection when electron wave exits the channel of a nanoscale transistor and when the electron energy is low. The observed behavior is well described by a simple rectangular potential barrier model which the Schrodinger's equation can be solved exactly. We can explain why reflection is not observed in most situations but cannot be ignored in some important situations. Our experiment also represents a direct measurement of electron injection velocity - a critical quantity in nanoscale transistors that is widely considered not measurable. (C) 2016 Author(s). C1 [Vaz, Canute I.; Liu, Changze; Campbell, Jason P.; Ryan, Jason T.; Southwick, Richard G., III; Gundlach, David; Cheung, Kin. P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Changze; Huang, Ru] Peking Univ, Inst Microelect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Southwick, Richard G., III] IBM Res, Albany, NY 12205 USA. [Oates, Anthony S.] Taiwan Semicond Mfg Corp, Hsinchu 30844, Taiwan. RP Cheung, KP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Kin.Cheung@NIST.gov OI Cheung, Kin/0000-0003-2210-9907 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 6 AR 065212 DI 10.1063/1.4954083 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DQ2OG UT WOS:000379041400066 ER PT J AU Ostrovsky, LA Galperin, YV Skirta, EA AF Ostrovsky, L. A. Galperin, Y. V. Skirta, E. A. TI Self-synchronization in an ensemble of nonlinear oscillators SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID CHAOTIC SYSTEMS AB The paper describes the results of study of a system of coupled nonlinear, Duffing-type oscillators, from the viewpoint of their self-synchronization, i.e., generation of a coherent field (order parameter) via instability of an incoherent (random-phase) initial state. We consider both the cases of dissipative coupling (e.g., via the joint radiation) and reactive coupling in a Hamiltonian system. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Ostrovsky, L. A.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ostrovsky, L. A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Galperin, Y. V.; Skirta, E. A.] East Stroudsburg Univ, Dept Math, East Stroudsburg, PA 18301 USA. [Ostrovsky, L. A.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Ostrovsky, LA (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Ostrovsky, LA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Ostrovsky, LA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM lev.ostrovsky@gmail.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 6 AR 063107 DI 10.1063/1.4953542 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA DQ4GW UT WOS:000379163100007 PM 27368772 ER PT J AU Brodsky, A Shao, GD Riddick, F AF Brodsky, Alexander Shao, Guodong Riddick, Frank TI Process analytics formalism for decision guidance in sustainable manufacturing SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Process analytics; Decision guidance; Sustainable manufacturing; Optimization; What-if analysis AB This paper introduces National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)'s Sustainable Process Analytics Formalism (SPAF) to facilitate the use of simulation and optimization technologies for decision support in sustainable manufacturing. SPAF allows formal modeling of modular, extensible, and reusable process components and enables sustainability performance prediction, what-if analysis, and decision optimization based on mathematical programming. SPAF models describe (1) process structure and resource flow, (2) process data, (3) control variables, and (4) computation of sustainability metrics, constraints, and objectives. This paper presents the SPAF syntax and formal semantics, provides a sound and complete algorithm to translate SPAF models into formal mathematical programming models, and illustrates the use of SPAF through a manufacturing process example. C1 [Brodsky, Alexander] George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 4400 Univ Dr,MS 4A5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Shao, Guodong; Riddick, Frank] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8260, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shao, GD (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8260, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gshao@nist.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0956-5515 EI 1572-8145 J9 J INTELL MANUF JI J. Intell. Manuf. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 27 IS 3 BP 561 EP 580 DI 10.1007/s10845-014-0892-9 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA DQ5FY UT WOS:000379231600006 ER PT J AU Zhang, N Melo, MAS Antonucci, JM Lin, NJ Lin-Gibson, S Bai, YX Xu, HHK AF Zhang, Ning Melo, Mary Anne S. Antonucci, Joseph M. Lin, Nancy J. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Bai, Yuxing Xu, Hockin H. K. TI Novel Dental Cement to Combat Biofilms and Reduce Acids for Orthodontic Applications to Avoid Enamel Demineralization SO MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE orthodontic cement; protein repellent; antibacterial property; shear bond strength; human saliva microcosm biofilm; white spot lesions ID WHITE-SPOT LESIONS; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; FIXED APPLIANCES; BOND STRENGTH; 2-METHACRYLOYLOXYETHYL PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE; PHOSPHOLIPID POLYMERS; STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; MICROCOSM BIOFILMS AB Orthodontic treatments often lead to biofilm buildup and white spot lesions due to enamel demineralization. The objectives of this study were to develop a novel bioactive orthodontic cement to prevent white spot lesions, and to determine the effects of cement compositions on biofilm growth and acid production. 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), nanoparticles of silver (NAg), and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) were incorporated into a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI). Enamel shear bond strength (SBS) was determined. Protein adsorption was determined using a micro bicinchoninic acid method. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model with human saliva as inoculum was used to investigate metabolic activity, colony-forming units (CFU) and lactic acid production. Incorporating 3% of MPC, 1.5% of DMAHDM, and 0.1% of NAg into RMGI, and immersing in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 30 days, did not decrease the SBS, compared to control (p > 0.1). RMGI with 3% MPC + 1.5% DMAHDM + 0.1% NAg had protein amount that was 1/10 that of control. RMGI with triple agents (MPC + DMAHDM + NAg) had much stronger antibacterial property than using a single agent or double agents (p < 0.05). Biofilm CFU on RMGI with triple agents was reduced by more than 3 orders of magnitude, compared to commercial control. Biofilm metabolic activity and acid production were also greatly reduced. In conclusion, adding MPC + DMAHDM + NAg in RMGI substantially inhibited biofilm viability and acid production, without compromising the orthodontic bracket bond strength to enamel. The novel bioactive cement is promising for orthodontic applications to hinder biofilms and plaque buildup and enamel demineralization. C1 [Zhang, Ning; Bai, Yuxing] Capital Med Univ, Sch Stomatol, Dept Orthodont, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Ning; Melo, Mary Anne S.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Periodont & Prosthodont, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Antonucci, Joseph M.; Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Biomat Grp, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Bai, YX (reprint author), Capital Med Univ, Sch Stomatol, Dept Orthodont, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China.; Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Periodont & Prosthodont, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.; Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.; Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.; Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM dentistzhang112@163.com; mmelo@umaryland.edu; Joseph.antonucci@nist.gov; nancy.lin@nist.gov; sheng.lin-gibson@nist.gov; byuxing@263.net; hxu@umaryland.edu FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [81500879]; Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission [Z151100003915137]; NIH [R01 DE17974]; University of Maryland School of Dentistry FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC grant No. 81500879) and the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Grant No. Z151100003915137) (NZ), NIH R01 DE17974 (HX), and a Seed Grant (HX) from the University of Maryland School of Dentistry. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 16 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD JUN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 AR 413 DI 10.3390/ma9060413 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DP6TB UT WOS:000378630600012 ER PT J AU Alexander, A Steel, D Hoekzema, K Mesnick, SL Engelhaupt, D Kerr, I Payne, R Baker, CS AF Alexander, Alana Steel, Debbie Hoekzema, Kendra Mesnick, Sarah L. Engelhaupt, Daniel Kerr, Iain Payne, Roger Baker, C. Scott TI What influences the worldwide genetic structure of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus)? SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cetacea; microsatellite genotypes; mtDNA; population expansion; population genetics; sex-biased dispersal ID SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; HUMBOLDT CURRENT SYSTEM; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HUMPBACK WHALES; NORTH PACIFIC; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SOCIAL UNITS AB The interplay of natural selection and genetic drift, influenced by geographic isolation, mating systems and population size, determines patterns of genetic diversity within species. The sperm whale provides an interesting example of a long-lived species with few geographic barriers to dispersal. Worldwide mtDNA diversity is relatively low, but highly structured among geographic regions and social groups, attributed to female philopatry. However, it is unclear whether this female philopatry is due to geographic regions or social groups, or how this might vary on a worldwide scale. To answer these questions, we combined mtDNA information for 1091 previously published samples with 542 newly obtained DNA profiles (394-bp mtDNA, sex, 13 microsatellites) including the previously unsampled Indian Ocean, and social group information for 541 individuals. We found low mtDNA diversity (pi = 0.430%) reflecting an expansion event <80 000 years bp, but strong differentiation by ocean, among regions within some oceans, and among social groups. In comparison, microsatellite differentiation was low at all levels, presumably due to male-mediated gene flow. A hierarchical AMOVA showed that regions were important for explaining mtDNA variance in the Indian Ocean, but not Pacific, with social group sampling in the Atlantic too limited to include in analyses. Social groups were important in partitioning mtDNA and microsatellite variance within both oceans. Therefore, both geographic philopatry and social philopatry influence genetic structure in the sperm whale, but their relative importance differs by sex and ocean, reflecting breeding behaviour, geographic features and perhaps a more recent origin of sperm whales in the Pacific. By investigating the interplay of evolutionary forces operating at different temporal and geographic scales, we show that sperm whales are perhaps a unique example of a worldwide population expansion followed by rapid assortment due to female social organization. C1 [Alexander, Alana; Steel, Debbie; Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Alexander, Alana; Steel, Debbie; Hoekzema, Kendra; Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Alexander, Alana] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Mesnick, Sarah L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Engelhaupt, Daniel] HDR Inc, 1209 Independence Blvd, Virginia Beach, VA 23455 USA. [Kerr, Iain; Payne, Roger] Ocean Alliance, 32 Horton St, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Baker, C. Scott] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. RP Alexander, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.; Alexander, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA.; Alexander, A (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM alana.alexander@ku.edu FU Lylian Brucefield Reynolds Award from the Hatfield Marine Science Center; International Fulbright Science & Technology award; ASSURE Program of the Department of Defense; National Science Foundation REU Site Program [NSF OCE-1004947]; Thomas G. Scott Publication Fund; Mamie Markham Award from the Hatfield Marine Science Center FX Genetic samples from the 'Voyage of the Odyssey' were collected under permit #0751-1614 from the US National Marine Fisheries Service. Principle Investigator: Iain Kerr. The authors thank all who served as staff and crew during the Voyage of the Odyssey, as well as J. Wise Sr. and C. LaCerte for curation of DNA from samples collected by the Odyssey. We thank R. Constantine and K. Thompson for curation of the CeTA database, and New Zealand Department of Conservation staff for collecting NZ samples used in this study; J. Rice for curation of the OMMSN database that supplied the Oregon samples; Oregon State University Cetacean Conservation and Genomics Laboratory for additional laboratory support; C. Sislak for assistance with DNA extraction; S. Pierszalowski and R. Hamner for analysis recommendations and assistance; and M. Smith for assistance summarizing Odyssey toxicology results. We thank E. Carroll, A. Liston, K. O'Malley, B. Taylor, R. Glor; S. Palumbi; L. Rieseberg and three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on this manuscript. This work was supported by a Mamie Markham Award and a Lylian Brucefield Reynolds Award from the Hatfield Marine Science Center; a 2008-2011 International Fulbright Science & Technology award to A. A.; and cofunded by the ASSURE Program of the Department of Defense in Partnership with the National Science Foundation REU Site Program to K.H. and C. S. B. [grant number NSF OCE-1004947]. Publication of this paper was supported, in part, by the Thomas G. Scott Publication Fund. NR 128 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 20 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2754 EP 2772 DI 10.1111/mec.13638 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DQ1DQ UT WOS:000378941800009 PM 27037911 ER PT J AU De Jesus, LR Horrocks, GA Liang, YF Parija, A Jaye, C Wangoh, L Wang, J Fischer, DA Piper, LFJ Prendergast, D Banerjee, S AF De Jesus, Luis R. Horrocks, Gregory A. Liang, Yufeng Parija, Abhishek Jaye, Cherno Wangoh, Linda Wang, Jian Fischer, Daniel A. Piper, Louis F. J. Prendergast, David Banerjee, Sarbajit TI Mapping polaronic states and lithiation gradients in individual V2O5 nanowires SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; VANADIUM-OXIDE BRONZES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LITHIUM BATTERIES; AB-INITIO; ION BATTERIES; CATHODE; INTERCALATION; PENTOXIDE; SPECTRA AB The rapid insertion and extraction of Li-ions from a cathode material is imperative for the functioning of a Li-ion battery. In many cathode materials such as LiCoO2, lithiation proceeds through solid-solution formation, whereas in other materials such as LiFePO4 lithiation/delithiation is accompanied by a phase transition between Li-rich and Li-poor phases. We demonstrate using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) that in individual nanowires of layered V2O5, lithiation gradients observed on Li-ion intercalation arise from electron localization and local structural polarization. Electrons localized on the V2O5 framework couple to local structural distortions, giving rise to small polarons that serves as a bottleneck for further Li-ion insertion. The stabilization of this polaron impedes equilibration of charge density across the nanowire and gives rise to distinctive domains. The enhancement in charge/discharge rates for this material on nanostructuring can be attributed to circumventing challenges with charge transport from polaron formation. C1 [De Jesus, Luis R.; Horrocks, Gregory A.; Parija, Abhishek; Banerjee, Sarbajit] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Ross Spence St, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [De Jesus, Luis R.; Horrocks, Gregory A.; Parija, Abhishek; Banerjee, Sarbajit] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 575 Ross St, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Liang, Yufeng; Prendergast, David] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wangoh, Linda; Piper, Louis F. J.] Binghamton Univ, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Wang, Jian] Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada. RP Banerjee, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Ross Spence St, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.; Banerjee, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 575 Ross St, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.; Prendergast, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dgprendergast@lbl.gov; banerjee@chem.tamu.edu RI Wang, Jian/M-1805-2013 FU National Science Foundation [DMR 1504702]; Research Corporation for Science Advancement through a Scialog Award; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [1252521]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund at Binghamton University [PRF 52827-DNI10] FX This study is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under DMR 1504702. S.B. further acknowledges support from the Research Corporation for Science Advancement through a Scialog Award. L.D.J. acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant number 1252521. Certain commercial names are presented in this Letter for purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by National Institute of Standards and Technology. We acknowledge Dr Chithra Karunakaran at beam-line 10ID1 of the Canadian Light Source for support and assistance with STXM data collection. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC02-98CH10886. DFT simulations were performed as part of a User Project with Y.L. and D.P. at The Molecular Foundry (TMF), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and calculations were executed on their Vulcan and Nano compute clusters, administered by the High-Performance Computing Services Group at LBNL. TMF is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy, under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank Dr Joseph Woicik for access and assistance at the X24a end station. Acknowledgement is made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (PRF 52827-DNI10) for support of the research at Binghamton University. NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 47 U2 76 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 AR 12022 DI 10.1038/ncomms12022 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DQ3NV UT WOS:000379109900001 PM 27349567 ER PT J AU Bednarsek, N Harvey, CJ Kaplan, IC Feely, RA Mozina, J AF Bednarsek, Nina Harvey, Chris J. Kaplan, Isaac C. Feely, Richard A. Mozina, Jasna TI Pteropods on the edge: Cumulative effects of ocean acidification, warming, and deoxygenation SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID OXYGEN-MINIMUM ZONES; MESOZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; POLAR FRONTAL ZONE; TERRA-NOVA BAY; TO-END MODELS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; LIMACINA-HELICINA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH PACIFIC; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AB We review the state of knowledge of the individual and community responses of euthecosome (shelled) pteropods in the context of global environmental change. In particular, we focus on their responses to ocean acidification, in combination with ocean warming and ocean deoxygenation, as inferred from a growing body of empirical literature, and their relatively nascent place in ecosystem-scale models. Our objectives are: (1) to summarize the threats that these stressors pose to pteropod populations; (2) to demonstrate that pteropods are strong candidate indicators for cumulative effects of OA, warming, and deoxygenation in marine ecosystems; and (3) to provide insight on incorporating pteropods into population and ecosystem models, which will help inform ecosystem-based management of marine resources under future environmental regimes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bednarsek, Nina; Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bednarsek, Nina] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, 3707 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Harvey, Chris J.; Kaplan, Isaac C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mozina, Jasna] Univ Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia. RP Bednarsek, N (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, 3707 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM nina.bednarsek@noaa.gov FU NOAA OAP program; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory FX This study was funded by NOAA OAP program and the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. The data reported in this paper are tabulated in the Supplementary Material and will be archived in the PANGEA database. We are grateful to Sandra Bigley for the work on editing the manuscript. This is contribution number 4343 from the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory of NOM. NR 170 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 36 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 145 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2016.04.002 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DQ7FW UT WOS:000379373300001 ER PT J AU Golbon-Haghighi, MH Zhang, GF Li, YG Doviak, RJ AF Golbon-Haghighi, Mohammad-Hossein Zhang, Guifu Li, Yinguang Doviak, Richard J. TI Detection of Ground Clutter from Weather Radar Using a Dual-Polarization and Dual-Scan Method SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE dual-polarization and dual-scan (DPDS); weather radar; polarimetry; Bayesian classifications; clutter detection ID SIGNALS; IDENTIFICATION AB A novel dual-polarization and dual-scan (DPDS) classification algorithm is developed for clutter detection in weather radar observations. Two consecutive scans of dual-polarization radar echoes are jointly processed to estimate auto-and cross-correlation functions. Discriminants are then defined and estimated in order to separate clutter from weather based on their physical and statistical properties. An optimal Bayesian classifier is used to make a decision on clutter presence from the estimated discriminant functions. The DPDS algorithm is applied to the data collected with the KOUN polarimetric radar and compared with the existing detection methods. It is shown that the DPDS algorithm yields a higher probability of detection and lower false alarm rate in clutter detection. C1 [Golbon-Haghighi, Mohammad-Hossein; Zhang, Guifu; Li, Yinguang; Doviak, Richard J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Golbon-Haghighi, Mohammad-Hossein; Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Guifu; Doviak, Richard J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Golbon-Haghighi, MH (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Golbon-Haghighi, MH (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM golbon@ou.edu; guzhang1@ou.edu; yinguangli@ou.edu; dick.doviak@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014 OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA11OAR4320072] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant NA11OAR4320072. The data were collected with KOUN radar by NSSL engineers. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 6 AR 83 DI 10.3390/atmos7060083 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP9LT UT WOS:000378818400010 ER PT J AU Mihnovets, AN Schultz, JK Wultsch, C Littnan, CL Amato, G AF Mihnovets, A. Nicole Schultz, Jennifer K. Wultsch, Claudia Littnan, Charles L. Amato, George TI A novel microsatellite multiplex assay for the endangered Hawaiian monk seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Endangered species; Hawaiian monk seals; Marine mammals; Microsatellite multiplex PCR; Genetic diversity ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DIVERSITY; SOFTWARE AB The Hawaiian monk seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi) is endemic to the Hawaiian archipelago and is among the most endangered marine mammal species in the world. Prior studies used mitochondrial and microsatellite markers to investigate broad scale conservation questions about genetic diversity and population differentiation. As Hawaiian monk seal population numbers continue to decline, outstanding fine-scale genetic questions require enhanced genotyping capacity of a rich archive of specimens. Here we integrate 24 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers into three multiplex polymerase chain reactions and provide summary statistics. The mean number of alleles was 2.625; mean expected and observed heterozygosities were 0.3586 and 0.3489, respectively; and mean polymorphic information content was 0.027. This multiplex assay contributes additional analytical power to further investigate genetic questions related to population recovery of an iconic endangered species. C1 [Mihnovets, A. Nicole] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, 1200 Amsterdam Ave,10th Floor Schermerhorn Extens, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Mihnovets, A. Nicole; Wultsch, Claudia; Amato, George] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, 79th St & Cent Pk West, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Schultz, Jennifer K.] NOAA Fisheries, Endangered Species Div, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Littnan, Charles L.] NOAA Fisheries, Hawaiian Monk Seal Res Program, 1845 WASP Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Mihnovets, AN (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, 1200 Amsterdam Ave,10th Floor Schermerhorn Extens, New York, NY 10027 USA.; Mihnovets, AN (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, 79th St & Cent Pk West, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM anm2129@columbia.edu FU Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument; UNESCO World Heritage Site; National Marine Fisheries Service's Hawaiian Monk Seal Research Program; American Museum of Natural History's Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics (SICG) FX This work was funded in part by the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site, the National Marine Fisheries Service's Hawaiian Monk Seal Research Program, and the American Museum of Natural History's Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics (SICG). We thank Rebecca Hersch, Stephen Gaughran, Ramon Perez, Emily Lipstein, and Karoline Lake at SICG, Drs. Johannes Haugstetter and Andres Buser at Ecogenics GmbH, and Lin Wang and Paul Lee at Molecular Cloning Laboratories for their invaluable laboratory contributions. We thank Angela Kaufman and Thea Johanos for their assistance with specimen and data archives. All HMS samples were collected under NMFS MMPA/ESA Permit Nos. 848-1695, 10137 and 932-1905/MA-009526. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s12686-016-0517-z PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA DP5JB UT WOS:000378531000001 ER PT J AU Butler, AH Daniel, JS Portmann, RW Ravishankara, AR Young, PJ Fahey, DW Rosenlof, KH AF Butler, A. H. Daniel, J. S. Portmann, R. W. Ravishankara, A. R. Young, P. J. Fahey, D. W. Rosenlof, K. H. TI Diverse policy implications for future ozone and surface UV in a changing climate SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ozone; ultraviolet radiation; nitrous oxide; climate change; policy ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; NITROUS-OXIDE; 21ST-CENTURY; IMPACT; PROJECTIONS; RADIATION; DEPLETION; ACCMIP; GASES; MODEL AB Due to the success of the Montreal Protocol in limiting emissions of ozone-depleting substances, concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane will control the evolution of total column and stratospheric ozone by the latter half of the 21st century. As the world proceeds down the path of reducing climate forcing set forth by the 2015 Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 21), a broad range of ozone changes are possible depending on future policies enacted. While decreases in tropical stratospheric ozone will likely persist regardless of the future emissions scenario, extratropical ozone could either remain weakly depleted or even increase well above historical levels, with diverse implication for ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The ozone layer's dependence on future emissions of these gases creates a complex policy decision space for protecting humans and ecosystems, which includes unexpected options such as accepting nitrous oxide emissions in order to maintain historical column ozone and surface UV levels. C1 [Butler, A. H.; Daniel, J. S.; Portmann, R. W.; Fahey, D. W.; Rosenlof, K. H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Butler, A. H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ravishankara, A. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ravishankara, A. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Young, P. J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. RP Butler, AH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.; Butler, AH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM amy.butler@noaa.gov RI Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 26 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 11 IS 6 AR 064017 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/6/064017 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP9JJ UT WOS:000378812200018 ER PT J AU Kossin, JP Emanuel, KA Vecchi, GA AF Kossin, James P. Emanuel, Kerry A. Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Comment on 'Roles of interbasin frequency changes in the poleward shifts of the maximum intensity location of tropical cyclones' SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Ctr Weather & Climate, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Emanuel, Kerry A.] MIT, Program Atmospheres Oceans & Climate, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Kossin, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Ctr Weather & Climate, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 11 IS 6 AR 068001 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/6/068001 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP9JJ UT WOS:000378812200025 ER PT J AU Turney, CSM Jones, RT Lister, D Jones, P Williams, AN Hogg, A Thomas, ZA Compo, GP Yin, XG Fogwill, CJ Palmer, J Colwell, S Allan, R Visbeck, M AF Turney, Chris S. M. Jones, Richard T. Lister, David Jones, Phil Williams, Alan N. Hogg, Alan Thomas, Zoe A. Compo, Gilbert P. Yin, Xungang Fogwill, Christopher J. Palmer, Jonathan Colwell, Steve Allan, Rob Visbeck, Martin TI Anomalous mid-twentieth century atmospheric circulation change over the South Atlantic compared to the last 6000 years SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE southern annular mode (SAM); Southern Hemisphere westerlies; subantarctic climate extremes; temperature; climate reanalysis; anthropogenic climate change; El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ID HEMISPHERE WESTERLY WINDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANNULAR MODE; SEA-ICE; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; CARBON ACCUMULATION; REGIONAL CLIMATE; SLOWING-DOWN; TRENDS AB Determining the timing and impact of anthropogenic climate change in data-sparse regions is a considerable challenge. Arguably, nowhere is this more difficult than the Antarctic Peninsula and the subantarctic South Atlantic where observational records are relatively short but where high rates of warming have been experienced since records began. Here we interrogate recently developed monthly-resolved observational datasets from the Falkland Islands and South Georgia, and extend the records back using climate-sensitive peat growth over the past 6000 years. Investigating the subantarctic climate data with ERA-Interim and Twentieth Century Reanalysis, we find that a stepped increase in precipitation across the 1940s is related to a change in synoptic atmospheric circulation: a westward migration of quasi-permanent positive pressure anomalies in the South Atlantic has brought the subantarctic islands under the increased influence of meridional airflow associated with the Amundsen Sea Low. Analysis of three comprehensively multi-dated (using C-14 and Cs-137) peat sequences across the two islands demonstrates unprecedented growth rates since the mid-twentieth century relative to the last 6000 years. Comparison to observational and reconstructed sea surface temperatures suggests this change is linked to a warming tropical Pacific Ocean. Our results imply 'modern' South Atlantic atmospheric circulation has not been under this configuration for millennia. C1 [Turney, Chris S. M.; Williams, Alan N.; Thomas, Zoe A.; Fogwill, Christopher J.; Palmer, Jonathan] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Jones, Richard T.] Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Lister, David; Jones, Phil] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Jones, Phil] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Williams, Alan N.] Extent Heritage, 2-729 Elizabeth St, Waterloo, NSW 2017, Australia. [Hogg, Alan] Univ Waikato, Waikato Radiocarbon Lab, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Compo, Gilbert P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Compo, Gilbert P.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yin, Xungang] ERT Inc, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Colwell, Steve] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Allan, Rob] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Visbeck, Martin] Ocean Res Kiel, GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr, Kiel, Germany. [Visbeck, Martin] Univ Kiel, Kiel, Germany. RP Turney, CSM (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM c.turney@unsw.edu.au RI Jones, Philip/C-8718-2009; Visbeck, Martin/B-6541-2016; OI Jones, Philip/0000-0001-5032-5493; Visbeck, Martin/0000-0002-0844-834X; Turney, Chris/0000-0001-6733-0993; Thomas, Zoe/0000-0002-2323-4366 FU Australian Research Council [FL100100195, FT120100004, DP130104156]; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) European Reanalysis of Global Climate Observations 2 (ERA-CLIM2) project; Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP) China under the Newton Fund; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office FX CSMT and CF acknowledge the support of the Australian Research Council (FL100100195, FT120100004 and DP130104156). A big thanks to the captain and crew of the Fishery Patrol Vessel The Pharos for travel to and from South Georgia. We thank the Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and the Falkland Islands Government for permission to undertake sampling on the island (permit numbers SGEP0110/11 and R07/2011 respectively) and Darren Christie for assisting with the fieldwork on the Falkland Islands. Sarah Kelloway and Charlotte Cook (UNSW) helped process the samples for TOC analysis; Christopher Bronk Ramsey (Oxford University) kindly provided guidance on OxCal modelling. Rob Allan is supported by a combination of funding from the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101), the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) European Reanalysis of Global Climate Observations 2 (ERA-CLIM2) project and the Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP) China under the Newton Fund. Gail Kelly kindly digitised the Cape Pembroke surface pressure data. The NOAA-CIRES Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project version 2c used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project version 2c dataset is provided by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. Two anonymous reviewers kindly improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 94 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 11 IS 6 AR 064009 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/6/064009 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP9JJ UT WOS:000378812200010 ER PT J AU Waldrop, E Hobbs, JPA Randall, JE DiBattista, JD Rocha, LA Kosaki, RK Berumen, ML Bowen, BW AF Waldrop, Ellen Hobbs, Jean-Paul A. Randall, John E. DiBattista, Joseph D. Rocha, Luiz A. Kosaki, Randall K. Berumen, Michael L. Bowen, Brian W. TI Phylogeography, population structure and evolution of coral-eating butterflyfishes (Family Chaetodontidae, genus Chaetodon, subgenus Corallochaetodon) SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE biogeography; Chaetodon austriacus; Chaetodon lunulatus; Chaetodon melapterus; Chaetodon trifasciatus; microsatellites; mtDNA; reef fish; speciation ID FISHES GLOBAL PATTERNS; REEF FISHES; INDIAN-OCEAN; RED-SEA; HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PACIFIC; BIOGEOGRAPHY; SOFTWARE; SCALE AB Aim This study compares the phylogeography, population structure and evolution of four butterflyfish species in the Chaetodon subgenus Corallochaetodon, with two widespread species (Indian Ocean - C. trifasciatus and Pacific Ocean - C. lunulatus), and two species that are largely restricted to the Red Sea (C. austriacus) and north-western (NW) Indian Ocean (C. melapterus). Through extensive geographical coverage of these taxa, we seek to resolve patterns of genetic diversity within and between closely related butterflyfish species in order to illuminate biogeographical and evolutionary processes. Location Red Sea, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Methods A total of 632 individuals from 24 locations throughout the geographical ranges of all four members of the subgenus Corallochaetodon were sequenced using a 605 bp fragment (cytochrome b) of mtDNA. In addition, 10 microsatellite loci were used to assess population structure in the two widespread species. Results Phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that the Pacific Ocean C. lunulatus diverged from the Indian Ocean C. trifasciatus approximately 3 Ma, while C. melapterus and C. austriacus comprise a cluster of shared haplotypes derived from C. trifasciatus within the last 0.75 Myr. The Pacific C. lunulatus had significant population structure at peripheral locations on the eastern edge of its range (French Polynesia, Johnston Atoll, Hawai'i), and a strong break between two ecoregions of the Hawaiian Archipelago. The Indian Ocean C. trifasciatus showed significant structure only at the Chagos Archipelago in the central Indian Ocean, and the two range-restricted species showed no population structure but evidence of recent population expansion. Main conclusions Patterns of endemism and genetic diversity in Corallochaetodon butterflyfishes have been shaped by (1) Plio-Pleistocene sea level changes that facilitated evolutionary divergences at biogeographical barriers between Indian and Pacific Oceans, and the Indian Ocean and Red Sea, and (2) semi-permeable oceanographic and ecological barriers working on a shorter time-scale. The evolution of range-restricted species (Red Sea and NW Indian Ocean) and isolated populations (Hawai'i) at peripheral biogeographical provinces indicates that these areas are evolutionary incubators for reef fishes. C1 [Waldrop, Ellen; Bowen, Brian W.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Hobbs, Jean-Paul A.; DiBattista, Joseph D.] Curtin Univ, Dept Environm & Agr, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Randall, John E.] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [DiBattista, Joseph D.; Berumen, Michael L.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Biol & Environm Sci & Engn, Red Sea Res Ctr, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia. [Rocha, Luiz A.] Calif Acad Sci, Sect Ichthyol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Kosaki, Randall K.] NOAA, Daniel K Inouye Reg Ctr, Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Bowen, BW (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM bbowen@hawaii.edu RI Berumen, Michael/F-7745-2011; Hobbs, Jean-Paul/I-8743-2012 OI Berumen, Michael/0000-0003-2463-2742; Hobbs, Jean-Paul/0000-0003-0331-354X FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0929031]; Elizabeth Alison Kay Endowed Award; University of Hawai'i Graduate Student Organization; NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries Program MOA [2005-008/66882]; National Geographic Society [9024-11]; KAUST Office of Competitive Research Funds (OCRF) [CRG-1-2012-BER-002] FX For assistance with fieldwork and collections, we thank Alexander Alfonso, Senifa Annandale, Kim Anderson, Paul H. Barber, W.K. Chan, Howard Choat, Richard Coleman, Pat and Lori Colin, Greg Concepcion, Joshua Copus, Matthew Craig, Toby Daly-Engel, Nancy Daschbach, Joshua A. Drew, John L. Earle, Jeff Eble, Kevin Flanagan, Michelle Gaither, Brian Greene, Matthew Iacchei, Stephen Karl, Jonathan Mee, Carl Meyer, Darren Okimoto, Yannis Papastamatiou, David Pence, Mark Priest, Jon Puritz, Richard Pyle, Joshua Reece, D. Ross Robertson, Nick Russo, Jennifer Schultz, Charles Sheppard, Derek Skillings, Derek Smith, Keoki Stender, Zoltan Szabo, Sue Taei, Kim Tenggardjaja, Tukabu Teroroko, Robert Thorn, Allen Tom, Bill Walsh, Christie Wilcox, Ivor Williams, Jill Zamzow and the officers and crew of the NOAA ship Hi'ialakai. For logistic support and advice, we thank Robert Toonen, Robert Thomson, Stephen Karl, Jo-Ann Leong, David Pence, Eric Mason at Dream Divers, Nicolas Prevot at Dolphin Divers and the crew of the M/V Deli in Djibouti, the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries in Oman including Abdul Karim, Jason Jones, Narineh Nazarian, Iria Fernandez-Silva, Zac Forsman, Jennifer McIlwain and Amy Eggers. For institutional support, we thank the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, University of Hawai'i Diving Safety Program, Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources, the KAUST Coastal and Marine Resources Core Lab and Amr Gusti, Conservation International, Coral Reef Research Foundation, Phoenix Island Protected Area, Dept. of the Environment (Australia), Government of Kiribati, Administration of the British Indian Ocean Territories, Dept. of Marine and Wildlife Resources (American Samoa), Government of Fiji and the Chiefs and people of Wagamimi, Tavewa, and Yasawas villages, Government of French Polynesia and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Johnston Atoll). We thank Zoltan Szabo, the Center for Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa and the KAUST Bioscience Core Facility for their assistance with DNA sequencing. We thank editor Michelle Gaither and two anonymous referees for valuable comments that improved the manuscript. This project was funded by the National Science Foundation Grant OCE-0929031 to B.W.B., Elizabeth Alison Kay Endowed Award, University of Hawai'i Graduate Student Organization, NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries Program MOA No. 2005-008/66882 to R.J. Toonen, National Geographic Society Grant 9024-11 to J.D.D. and KAUST Office of Competitive Research Funds (OCRF) under Award No. CRG-1-2012-BER-002 and baseline research funds to M.L.B. NR 78 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 15 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1116 EP 1129 DI 10.1111/jbi.12680 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA DP7WX UT WOS:000378711000005 ER PT J AU Gao, JD Fu, CH Stensrud, DJ Kain, JS AF Gao, Jidong Fu, Chenghao Stensrud, David J. Kain, John S. TI OSSEs for an Ensemble 3DVAR Data Assimilation System with Radar Observations of Convective Storms SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Convective storms; Observational techniques and algorithms; Radars; Radar observations; Models and modeling; Data assimilation; Ensembles ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; 2-MOMENT BULK MICROPHYSICS; KALMAN FILTER ASSIMILATION; WARN-ON-FORECAST; PART II; CLOUD MODEL; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; WEATHER PREDICTION; RECURSIVE FILTERS AB An ensemble of the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (En3DA) method for convective-scale weather has been developed. It consists of an ensemble of three-dimensional variational data assimilations and forecasts in which member differences are introduced by perturbing initial conditions and/or observations, and it uses flow-dependent error covariances generated by the ensemble forecasts. The method is applied to the assimilation of simulated radar data for a supercell storm. Results indicate that the flow-dependent ensemble covariances are effective in enabling convective-scale analyses, as the most important features of the simulated storm, including the low-level cold pool and midlevel mesocyclone, are well analyzed. Several groups of sensitivity experiments are conducted to test the robustness of the method. The first group demonstrates that incorporating a mass continuity equation as a weak constraint into the En3DA algorithm can improve the quality of the analyses when radial velocity observations contain large errors. In the second group of experiments, the sensitivity of analyses to the microphysical parameterization scheme is explored. Results indicate that the En3DA analyses are quite sensitive to differences in the microphysics scheme, suggesting that ensemble forecasts with multiple microphysics schemes could reduce uncertainty related to model physics errors. Experiments also show that assimilating reflectivity observations can reduce spinup time and that it has a small positive impact on the quality of the wind field analysis. Of the threshold values tested for assimilating reflectivity observations, 15 dBZ provides the best analysis. The final group of experiments demonstrates that it is not necessary to perturb radial velocity observations for every ensemble number in order to improve the quality of the analysis. C1 [Gao, Jidong; Kain, John S.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Fu, Chenghao] Hunan Meteorol Bur, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Fu, Chenghao] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperate Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Stensrud, David J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gao, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jidong.gao@noaa.gov FU NOAA Warn-on-Forecast project; NSF [AGS-1341878]; Chinese Meteorological Administration for Public Welfare Industrial Meteorology [GYHY201306016] FX This research was funded by the NOAA Warn-on-Forecast project and NSF Grant AGS-1341878. Chenghao Fu was also partially supported by a research and development fund of Chinese Meteorological Administration for Public Welfare Industrial Meteorology Grant GYHY201306016. The assistance of Dr. Henry Neeman and the University of Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Education and Research IT team is gratefully acknowledged. NR 92 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 6 BP 2403 EP 2426 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0311.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP5FX UT WOS:000378522600001 ER PT J AU Jensen, EJ Ueyama, R Pfister, L Bui, TV Lawson, RP Woods, S Thornberry, T Rollins, AW Diskin, GS DiGangi, JP Avery, MA AF Jensen, Eric J. Ueyama, Rei Pfister, Leonhard Bui, Thaopaul V. Lawson, R. Paul Woods, Sarah Thornberry, Troy Rollins, Andrew W. Diskin, Glenn S. DiGangi, Joshua P. Avery, Melody A. TI On the Susceptibility of Cold Tropical Cirrus to Ice Nuclei Abundance SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Cirrus clouds ID WATER-VAPOR TRANSPORT; TROPOPAUSE LAYER; CLOUD FORMATION; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; SUBVISIBLE CIRRUS; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; GLASSY AEROSOLS AB Numerical simulations of cirrus formation in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) during boreal wintertime are used to evaluate the impact of heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN) abundance on cold cloud microphysical properties and occurrence frequencies. The cirrus model includes homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation, deposition growth/sublimation, and sedimentation. Reanalysis temperature and wind fields with high-frequency waves superimposed are used to force the simulations. The model results are constrained by comparison with in situ and satellite observations of TTL cirrus and relative humidity. Temperature variability driven by high-frequency waves has a dominant influence on TTL cirrus microphysical properties and occurrence frequencies, and inclusion of these waves is required to produce agreement between the simulated and observed abundance of TTL cirrus. With homogeneous freezing only and small-scale gravity waves included in the temperature curtains, the model produces excessive ice concentrations compared with in situ observations. Inclusion of relatively numerous heterogeneous ice nuclei (N-IN 100 L-1) in the simulations improves the agreement with observed ice concentrations. However, when IN contribute significantly to TTL cirrus ice nucleation, the occurrence frequency of large supersaturations with respect to ice is less than indicated by in situ measurements. The model results suggest that the sensitivity of TTL cirrus extinction and ice water content statistics to heterogeneous ice nuclei abundance is relatively weak. The simulated occurrence frequencies of TTL cirrus are quite insensitive to ice nuclei abundance, both in terms of cloud frequency height distribution and regional distribution throughout the tropics. C1 [Jensen, Eric J.; Ueyama, Rei; Pfister, Leonhard; Bui, Thaopaul V.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lawson, R. Paul; Woods, Sarah] Spec Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Thornberry, Troy; Rollins, Andrew W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Thornberry, Troy; Rollins, Andrew W.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Diskin, Glenn S.; DiGangi, Joshua P.; Avery, Melody A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Jensen, EJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM eric.j.jensen@nasa.gov RI Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NASA Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) Earth Ventures mission; NASA Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling project FX This work was supported by the NASA Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) Earth Ventures mission as well as the NASA Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling project managed by Hal Maring and Ken Jucks. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 6 BP 2445 EP 2464 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0274.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP5FX UT WOS:000378522600003 ER PT J AU Bartel, T Stoudt, S Possolo, A AF Bartel, Thomas Stoudt, Sara Possolo, Antonio TI Force calibration using errors-in-variables regression and Monte Carlo uncertainty evaluation SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE force calibration; errors in variables regression; Monte Carlo uncertainty evaluation; load cell; force transducer; calibration function AB An errors-in-variables regression method is presented as an alternative to the ordinary least-squares regression computation currently employed for determining the calibration function for force measuring instruments from data acquired during calibration. A Monte Carlo uncertainty evaluation for the errors-in-variables regression is also presented. The corresponding function (which we call measurement function, often called analysis function in gas metrology) necessary for the subsequent use of the calibrated device to measure force, and the associated uncertainty evaluation, are also derived from the calibration results. Comparisons are made, using real force calibration data, between the results from the errors-in-variables and ordinary least-squares analyses, as well as between the Monte Carlo uncertainty assessment and the conventional uncertainty propagation employed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The results show that the errors-in-variables analysis properly accounts for the uncertainty in the applied calibrated forces, and that the Monte Carlo method, owing to its intrinsic ability to model uncertainty contributions accurately, yields a better representation of the calibration uncertainty throughout the transducer's force range than the methods currently in use. These improvements notwithstanding, the differences between the results produced by the current and by the proposed new methods generally are small because the relative uncertainties of the inputs are small and most contemporary load cells respond approximately linearly to such inputs. For this reason, there will be no compelling need to revise any of the force calibration reports previously issued by NIST. C1 [Bartel, Thomas; Possolo, Antonio] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stoudt, Sara] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Possolo, A (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM antonio.possolo@nist.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 AR 965 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/3/965 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DP9QJ UT WOS:000378831300010 ER PT J AU Douglass, KO Olson, DA AF Douglass, K. O. Olson, D. A. TI Towards a standard for the dynamic measurement of pressure based on laser absorption spectroscopy SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE dynamic metrology; spectroscopy; pressure ID WAVELENGTH-MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; VIBRATIONAL RELAXATION; FREQUENCY-MODULATION; RAPID TEMPERATURE; LINE-SHAPES; SHOCK-TUBE; MU-M; COMBUSTION GASES; CALIBRATION AB We describe an approach for creating a standard for the dynamic measurement of pressure based on the measurement of fundamental quantum properties of molecular systems. From the linewidth and intensities of ro-vibrational transitions we plan on making an accurate determination of pressure and temperature. The goal is to achieve an absolute uncertainty for time-varying pressure of 5% with a measurement rate of 100 kHz, which will in the future serve as a method for the traceable calibration of pressure sensors used in transient processes. To illustrate this concept we have used wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS), due to inherent advantages over direct absorption spectroscopy, to perform rapid measurements of carbon dioxide in order to determine the pressure. The system records the full lineshape profile of a single ro-vibrational transition of CO2 at a repetition rate of 4 kHz and with a systematic measurement uncertainty of 12% for the linewidth measurement. A series of pressures were measured at a rate of 400 Hz (10 averages) and from these measurements the linewidth was determined with a relative uncertainty of about 0.5% on average. The pressures measured using WMS have an average difference of 0.6% from the absolute pressure measured with a capacitance diaphragm sensor. C1 [Douglass, K. O.; Olson, D. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Douglass, KO (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kevin.douglass@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 AR S96 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/3/S96 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DP9QJ UT WOS:000378831300004 PM 27881884 ER PT J AU Mendenhall, MH Henins, A Windover, D Cline, JP AF Mendenhall, Marcus H. Henins, Albert Windover, Donald Cline, James P. TI Characterization of a self-calibrating, high-precision, stacked-stage, vertical dual-axis goniometer SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE angle metrology; goniometer; long-range error; angular encoder; xrd; diffraction ID ENCODER; ERRORS AB We present details on the alignment and calibration of a goniometer assembly consisting two stacked, optically encoded, vertical axis rotation stages. A technique for its calibration is presented that utilizes a stable, uncalibrated, third stage to position a mirror in conjunction with a nulling autocollimator. Such a system provides a self-calibrating set of angular stages with absolute accuracy of +/- 0.1 s of plane angle (k = 2 expanded uncertainty) around the full circle, suitable for laboratory application. This calibration technique permits in situ, absolute angular calibration of an operational goniometer assembly that is requisite for fully traceable angle measurement, as the installation of the encoder is known to change its performance from the angular calibration data provided by the manufacturer. C1 [Mendenhall, Marcus H.; Henins, Albert; Windover, Donald; Cline, James P.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mendenhall, MH (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marcus.mendenhall@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 AR 933 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/3/933 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DP9QJ UT WOS:000378831300007 PM 27330224 ER PT J AU Bao, JW Michelson, SA Grell, ED AF Bao, J. -W. Michelson, S. A. Grell, E. D. TI Pathways to the Production of Precipitating Hydrometeors and Tropical Cyclone Development SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Cloud microphysics; Hurricanes; typhoons; Models and modeling; Cloud parameterizations; Cloud resolving models; Diagnostics; Parameterization ID MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; LIQUID WATER; SQUALL LINE; MODEL; IMPACT; INITIALIZATION; SCHEMES AB Pathways to the production of precipitation in two cloud microphysics schemes available in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model are investigated in a scenario of tropical cyclone intensification. Comparisons of the results from the WRF Model simulations indicate that the variation in the simulated initial rapid intensification of an idealized tropical cyclone is due to the differences between the two cloud microphysics schemes in their representations of pathways to the formation and growth of precipitating hydrometeors. Diagnoses of the source and sink terms of the hydrometeor budget equations indicate that the major differences in the production of hydrometeors between the schemes are in the spectral definition of individual hydrometeor categories and spectrum-dependent microphysical processes, such as accretion growth and sedimentation. These differences lead to different horizontally averaged vertical profiles of net latent heating rate associated with significantly different horizontally averaged vertical distributions and production rates of hydrometeors in the simulated clouds. Results from this study also highlight the possibility that the advantage of double-moment formulations can be overshadowed by the uncertainties in the spectral definition of individual hydrometeor categories and spectrum-dependent microphysical processes. C1 [Bao, J. -W.; Michelson, S. A.; Grell, E. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Michelson, S. A.; Grell, E. D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bao, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jian-wen.bao@noaa.gov FU Hurricane Forecasting Improvement Project (HFIP) of NOAA FX This work is supported by the Hurricane Forecasting Improvement Project (HFIP) of NOAA. The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers and Hugh Morrison for their insightful comments and suggestions. The authors also acknowledge the use of the NCAR Command Language (NCL) in the analysis of the WRF Model output and the preparation of figures. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 144 IS 6 BP 2395 EP 2420 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0363.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP5HF UT WOS:000378526200002 ER PT J AU Droste, S Ycas, G Washburn, BR Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Droste, Stefan Ycas, Gabriel Washburn, Brian R. Coddington, Ian Newbury, Nathan R. TI Optical Frequency Comb Generation based on Erbium Fiber Lasers SO NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE optical frequency comb; fiber lasers; ultrafast optics; photonics ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; INTRACAVITY ELECTROOPTIC MODULATOR; NANOTUBE SATURABLE ABSORBER; TUNABLE REPETITION RATE; LOW TIMING JITTER; ULTRA-LOW-NOISE; ALL-FIBER; FEMTOSECOND LASER; PHASE NOISE; RING LASER AB Optical frequency combs have revolutionized optical frequency metrology and are being actively investigated in a number of applications outside of pure optical frequency metrology. For reasons of cost, robustness, performance, and flexibility, the erbium fiber laser frequency comb has emerged as the most commonly used frequency comb system and many different designs of erbium fiber frequency combs have been demonstrated. We review the different approaches taken in the design of erbium fiber frequency combs, including the major building blocks of the underlying mode-locked laser, amplifier, supercontinuum generation and actuators for stabilization of the frequency comb. C1 [Droste, Stefan; Ycas, Gabriel; Coddington, Ian; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Washburn, Brian R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Droste, S (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stefan.droste@nist.gov NR 166 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 41 U2 59 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2192-8606 EI 2192-8614 J9 NANOPHOTONICS-BERLIN JI Nanophotonics PD JUN PY 2016 VL 5 IS 2 SI SI BP 196 EP 213 DI 10.1515/nanoph-2016-0019 PG 18 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA DP6JH UT WOS:000378602900001 ER PT J AU Copeman, LA Laurel, BJ Boswell, KM Sremba, AL Klinck, K Heintz, RA Vollenweider, JJ Helser, TE Spencer, ML AF Copeman, Louise A. Laurel, Benjamin J. Boswell, Kevin M. Sremba, Angie L. Klinck, Karolin Heintz, Ron A. Vollenweider, Johanna J. Helser, Thomas E. Spencer, Mara L. TI Ontogenetic and spatial variability in trophic biomarkers of juvenile saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) from the Beaufort, Chukchi and Bering Seas SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Saffron cod; Arctic; Ontogeny; Fatty acids; Lipids; Nutrition ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; FATTY-ACID BIOMARKERS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; POLAR COD; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; WALLEYE POLLOCK AB Climate models indicate the Arctic will undergo dramatic environmental change with forecasted increases in temperature and river runoff. Saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) is abundant in nearshore waters and appears in the diet of many Arctic sea birds and marine mammals; however, little is known about its early ecology and consequently how they might be affected by environmental changes. We aimed to characterize the mechanisms of spatial and ontogenetic variation in trophic biomarkers (lipid classes, fatty acids and bulk C and N stable isotopes) of saffron cod from the Western Arctic, Chukchi and Bering Seas. Size-standardized analyses showed a significant difference in lipid condition metrics and trophic biomarkers as a function of survey location. Both ontogeny and sampling location played an important role in determining lipid stores with elevated levels in both small offshore juveniles (< 55 mm) and larger inshore juveniles (> 75 mm). Higher lipid storage in Arctic juveniles was associated with elevated levels of diatom fatty acid markers, but not with nearshore carbon input. Increased lipids were found in age-1 juveniles from Prudhoe Bay in the Western Beaufort that were feeding at a lower trophic level than similarly sized age-0 juveniles from surface trawls in the Bering Sea. The use of otolith annuli revealed two discrete patterns of growth that help explain the trade-offs between energy storage and rapid growth that diverge between the Arctic and Bering Sea. Laboratory temperature-growth experiments confirmed that saffron cod have a eurythermal growth response and are able to store excess lipids at temperatures as high as 20 A degrees C. C1 [Copeman, Louise A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Copeman, Louise A.; Sremba, Angie L.; Klinck, Karolin] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Laurel, Benjamin J.; Spencer, Mara L.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Boswell, Kevin M.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, Biscayne Bay Campus,Marine Sci Bldg, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Heintz, Ron A.; Vollenweider, Johanna J.] Auke Bay Labs, Recruitment Energet & Coastal Assessment Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stephens Marine Res Inst, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Helser, Thomas E.] NOAA, Age & Growth Program, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Copeman, LA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM lcopeman@coas.oregonstate.edu FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); Coastal Impact Assistance Programs (CIAP); North Pacific Research Board [1228] FX We would like to thank the field crews of the Arctic EIS survey and the ACES survey for helping with the collections of saffron cod in 2012. Fish in this study were supplied from field collections that were supported by both the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and Coastal Impact Assistance Programs (CIAP). We would like to thank Dr. Franz Mueter for helpful advice and coordination of the large Arctic EIS project. We would also like to acknowledge Michele Ottmar, Scott Hains, Paul Iseri and Chris Magel for help with saffron cod husbandry. Finally, we would like to thank the North Pacific Research Board for Grant # 1228 that supported our research on juvenile Arctic gadids. This is NPRB publication number 571. NR 82 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 6 SI SI BP 1109 EP 1126 DI 10.1007/s00300-015-1792-y PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP8XW UT WOS:000378782300014 ER PT J AU Laurel, BJ Spencer, M Iseri, P Copeman, LA AF Laurel, Benjamin J. Spencer, Mara Iseri, Paul Copeman, Louise A. TI Temperature-dependent growth and behavior of juvenile Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and co-occurring North Pacific gadids SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Thermal sensitivity; Walleye pollock; Pacific cod; Saffron cod; Biogeography ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EASTERN BERING-SEA; GADUS-MORHUA L; WALLEYE POLLOCK; ATLANTIC COD; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BEAUFORT SEA; FISH DISTRIBUTIONS; REACTION NORMS; ENERGY STORES AB The thermal sensitivity of Arctic fish species is poorly understood, yet such data are a critical component of forecasting and understanding ecosystem impacts of climate change. In this study, we experimentally measured temperature-dependent growth and routine swim activity in the juvenile stage of two Arctic gadids (Arctic cod, Boreogadus saida and saffron cod, Eleginus gracilis) and two North Pacific gadids (walleye pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus and Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus) over a 6-week growth period across five temperatures (0, 5, 9, 16 and 20 A degrees C). Arctic cod demonstrated a cold-water, stenothermic response in that there was relatively high growth at 0 A degrees C (0.73 % day(-1)), near-maximal growth at 5 A degrees C (1.35 % day(-1)) and negative impacts on activity, growth and survival at 16 A degrees C. In contrast, saffron cod demonstrated a warmer-water, eurythermic response, and temperature had a positive effect on growth and condition beyond 16 A degrees C. However, despite these distinct thermal responses, walleye pollock and Pacific cod grew 2-3 times faster than Arctic gadids across a relatively broad temperature range above 5 A degrees C. These results, coupled with possible northward expansion by both Pacific cod and walleye pollock, suggest Arctic cod are highly vulnerable to continued climate change in the Arctic, especially in coastal areas of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas where temperatures already exceed 14 A degrees C in the summer growth period. C1 [Laurel, Benjamin J.; Spencer, Mara; Iseri, Paul] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Hatfield Marine Sci Ct, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Copeman, Louise A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Laurel, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Hatfield Marine Sci Ct, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ben.laurel@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [R1228]; NOAA-AFSC FX We thank C. Ryer, T. Hurst, and I. Bradbury for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. Thanks also to Bill Kopplin, Robert Fechhelm, Kyle McCain, Bill Streever and the LGL field crew for their assistance in the collection of Arctic and saffron cod in Prudhoe Bay as well as to Scott Haines, Michele Ottmar, and Eric Hanneman for their assistance in the fish transport and animal husbandry. This project was supported with funding from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) Grant #R1228 and 2014 Essential Fish Habitat funding from NOAA-AFSC. This study is NPRB contribution no. 560. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 6 SI SI BP 1127 EP 1135 DI 10.1007/s00300-015-1761-5 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP8XW UT WOS:000378782300015 ER PT J AU McClinton, T Schweitzer, G Michel, J AF McClinton, Tim Schweitzer, Greg Michel, Jacqueline TI Application of Sonar For Oil Spill Response Acoustic Detection, Evaluation and Monitoring of Sunken Oil Spills SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [McClinton, Tim] Res Planning Inc, Columbia, SC USA. [Schweitzer, Greg] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Michel, Jacqueline] Res Planning Inc, Columbia, SC USA. RP McClinton, T (reprint author), Res Planning Inc, Columbia, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 57 IS 6 BP 10 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA DP7HH UT WOS:000378669300002 ER PT J AU Pitkanen, L Striegel, AM AF Pitkanen, Leena Striegel, Andre M. TI Size-exclusion chromatography of metal nanoparticles and quantum dots SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Size-exclusion chromatography; Characterization; Metal nanoparticles; Quantum dots ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; AU/PD CORE/SHELL NANOPARTICLES; INORGANIC NANOMETER-PARTICLES; HYDRODYNAMIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; AU NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB This review presents an overview of size-exclusion chromatographic separation and characterization of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) and quantum dots (QDs) over the past 25 years. The properties of NPs and QDs that originate from quantum and surface effects are size dependent; to investigate these properties, a separation technique such as size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is often needed to obtain narrow distribution NP populations that are also separated from the unreacted starting materials. Information on the size distributions and optical properties of NPs has been obtained by coupling SEC to detection methods such as ultraviolet visible and/or fluorescence spectroscopy. Problems associated with the sorption of NPs and QDs onto various SEC stationary phases, using both aqueous and organic eluents, are also discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pitkanen, Leena; Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov FU Finnish Cultural Foundation through the Foundations' Post Doc Pool FX The Finnish Cultural Foundation is acknowledged for the financial support of L.P. through the Foundations' Post Doc Pool. Commercial products are identified to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 20 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0165-9936 EI 1879-3142 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 80 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.trac.2015.06.013 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA DP4EW UT WOS:000378450000025 PM 27335508 ER PT J AU Skinner, PS Wicker, LJ Wheatley, DM Knopfmeier, KH AF Skinner, Patrick S. Wicker, Louis J. Wheatley, Dustan M. Knopfmeier, Kent H. TI Application of Two Spatial Verification Methods to Ensemble Forecasts of Low-Level Rotation SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID OBJECT-BASED EVALUATION; WARN-ON-FORECAST; CONVECTION-ALLOWING FORECASTS; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; DATA ASSIMILATION; RADAR DATA; OPTICAL-FLOW; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; KALMAN FILTER; PART II AB Two spatial verification methods are applied to ensemble forecasts of low-level rotation in supercells: a four-dimensional, object-based matching algorithm and the displacement and amplitude score (DAS) based on optical flow. Ensemble forecasts of low-level rotation produced using the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) Experimental Warn-on-Forecast System are verified against WSR-88D single-Doppler azimuthal wind shear values interpolated to the model grid. Verification techniques are demonstrated using four 60-min forecasts issued at 15-min intervals in the hour preceding development of the 20 May 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, tornado and compared to results from two additional forecasts of tornadic supercells occurring during the springs of 2013 and 2014. The object-based verification technique and displacement component of DAS are found to reproduce subjectively determined forecast characteristics in successive forecasts for the 20 May 2013 event, as well as to discriminate in subjective forecast quality between different events. Ensemble-mean, object-based measures quantify spatial and temporal displacement, as well as storm motion biases in predicted low-level rotation in a manner consistent with subjective interpretation. Neither method produces useful measures of the intensity of low-level rotation, owing to deficiencies in the verification dataset and forecast resolution. C1 [Skinner, Patrick S.; Wicker, Louis J.; Wheatley, Dustan M.; Knopfmeier, Kent H.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wheatley, Dustan M.; Knopfmeier, Kent H.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Skinner, PS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM patrick.skinner@noaa.gov FU National Research Council; NOAA's Warn-on-Forecast project FX Dr. Christian Keil is gratefully acknowledged for providing code for calculating the displacement and amplitude score. Additionally, we thank Dr. Thomas Jones and Mr. Gerry Creager for supporting NEWS-e development, Dr. Corey Potvin for many helpful conversations, and Drs. Jeff Snyder and Chris Karstens for assisting in the production of rotation tracks. We appreciate thoughtful reviews provided by Dr. Adam Clark and three anonymous reviewers, which resulted in an improved manuscript. The Warning Decision Support System-Integrated Information and Observational Processing and Wind Synthesis software were utilized in processing WSR-88D data and the freely provided enthought python build and SciPy, matplotlib, Basemap, and scikit-image python libraries were used to create the analyses herein. PSS was supported by a National Research Council Research associateship and additional funding was provided by NOAA's Warn-on-Forecast project. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 3 BP 713 EP 735 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0129.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP5HU UT WOS:000378527700002 ER PT J AU Koch, SE Ware, R Jiang, HL Xie, YF AF Koch, Steven E. Ware, Randolph Jiang, Hongli Xie, Yuanfu TI Rapid Mesoscale Environmental Changes Accompanying Genesis of an Unusual Tornado SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; LAYER PROFILER OBSERVATIONS; PREDICTION SYSTEM LAPS; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FORECAST PARAMETERS; OKLAHOMA DRYLINE; LOCAL ANALYSIS; CLOUD LIQUID AB This study documents a very rapid increase in convective instability, vertical wind shear, and mesoscale forcing for ascent leading to the formation of a highly unusual tornado as detected by a ground-based microwave radiometer and wind profiler, and in 1-km resolution mesoanalyses. Mesoscale forcing for the rapid development of severe convection began with the arrival of a strong upper-level jet streak with pronounced divergence in its left exit region and associated intensification of the low-level flow to the south of a pronounced warm front. The resultant increase in stretching deformation along the front occurred in association with warming immediately to its south as low-level clouds dissipated. This created a narrow ribbon of intense frontogenesis and a rapid increase in convective available potential energy (CAPE) within 75 min of tornadogenesis. The Windsor, Colorado, storm formed at the juncture of this warm frontogenesis zone and a developing dryline. Storm-relative helicity suddenly increased to large values during this pretornadic period as a midtropospheric layer of strong southeasterly winds descended to low levels. The following events also occurred simultaneously within this short period of time: a pronounced decrease in midtropospheric equivalent potential temperature theta(e) accompanying the descending jet, an increase in low-level theta(e) associated with the surface sensible heating, and elimination of the capping inversion and convective inhibition. The simultaneous nature of these rapid changes over such a short period of time, not fully captured in Storm Prediction Center mesoanalyses, was likely critical in generating this unusual tornadic event. C1 [Koch, Steven E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ware, Randolph] Radiometrics Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Ware, Randolph] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ware, Randolph; Jiang, Hongli] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jiang, Hongli; Xie, Yuanfu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Koch, SE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM steven.koch@noaa.gov NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 3 BP 763 EP 786 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0105.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP5HU UT WOS:000378527700005 ER PT J AU Kuster, CM Heinselman, PL Schuur, TJ AF Kuster, Charles M. Heinselman, Pamela L. Schuur, Terry J. TI Rapid-Update Radar Observations of Downbursts Occurring within an Intense Multicell Thunderstorm on 14 June 2011 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; DUAL-POLARIZATION RADAR; WIND SHEAR DETECTION; DOPPLER RADAR; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; UNITED-STATES; HAIL GROWTH; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; MULTIPARAMETER RADAR; ISOLATED MICROBURST AB On 14 June 2011, an intense multicell thunderstorm produced one nonsevere and three severe downbursts within 35 km of the rapid-update, S-band phased array radar (PAR) at the National Weather Radar Testbed in Norman, Oklahoma, and the nearby polarimetric research Weather Surveillance Radar 1988-Doppler (KOUN). Data collected from these radars provided the opportunity to conduct a quantitative analysis of downburst precursor signature evolution depicted by 1-min PAR data and the associated evolution of differential reflectivity Z(DR) depicted by 5-min KOUN data. Precursors analyzed included descent of the reflectivity core, evolution of the magnitude and size of midlevel convergence (i.e., number of bins), and descending "troughs" of ZDR. The four downbursts exhibited midlevel convergence that rapidly increased to peak magnitude as the reflectivity core (65-dBZ isosurface) bottom and top descended. The ZDR troughs seen in the 5-min KOUN data appeared to descend along with the core bottom. Midlevel convergence size increased to a peak value and decreased as the reflectivity core descended in the three severe downbursts. In contrast, midlevel convergence size exhibited little change in the nonsevere downburst. The time scale of trends seen in the PAR data was 11 min or less and happened several minutes prior to each downburst's maximum intensity. These results point to the importance of 1-min volumetric data in effectively resolving the evolution of downburst precursors, which could be beneficial to forecast operations. C1 [Kuster, Charles M.; Schuur, Terry J.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Kuster, Charles M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kuster, Charles M.; Heinselman, Pamela L.; Schuur, Terry J.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Heinselman, Pamela L.; Schuur, Terry J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Kuster, CM (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM charles.kuster@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors thank Jeff Brogden, Karen Cooper, and Robert Toomey for their expertise with WDSSII; Michael Biggerstaff and Phillip Chilson for their input and guidance; Eddie Forren, Richard Adams, Dave Priegnitz, and John Krause for their help with radar data processing; Emma Kuster and Tim Supinie for assistance with Python; and Kurt Hondl and Don Burgess for their internal reviews of the manuscript. We also thank three anonymous reviewers who helped us clarify and strengthen the manuscript. Funding for the lead author was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 3 BP 827 EP 851 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0081.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP5HU UT WOS:000378527700008 ER PT J AU Tallapragada, V Kieu, C Trahan, S Liu, QF Wang, WG Zhang, Z Tong, MJ Zhang, BL Zhu, L Strahl, B AF Tallapragada, Vijay Kieu, Chanh Trahan, Samuel Liu, Qingfu Wang, Weiguo Zhang, Zhan Tong, Mingjing Zhang, Banglin Zhu, Lin Strahl, Brian TI Forecasting Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Basin Using the NCEP Operational HWRF Model: Model Upgrades and Evaluation of Real-Time Performance in 2013 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY; RESOLUTION AB This study presents evaluation of real-time performance of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast (HWRF) modeling system upgraded and implemented in 2013 in the western North Pacific basin (WPAC). Retrospective experiments with the 2013 version of the HWRF Model upgrades for 2012 WPAC tropical cyclones (TCs) show significant forecast improvement compared to the real-time forecasts from the 2012 version of HWRF. Despite a larger number of strong storms in the WPAC during 2013, real-time forecasts from the 2013 HWRF (H213) showed an overall reduction in intensity forecast errors, mostly at the 4-5-day lead times. Verification of the H213's skill against the climate persistence forecasts shows that although part of such improvements in 2013 is related to the different seasonal characteristics between the years 2012 and 2013, the new model upgrades implemented in 2013 could provide some further improvement that the 2012 version of HWRF could not achieve. Further examination of rapid intensification (RI) events demonstrates noticeable skill of H213 with the probability of detection (POD) index of 0.22 in 2013 compared to 0.09 in 2012, suggesting that H213 starts to show skill in predicting RI events in the WPAC. C1 [Tallapragada, Vijay; Kieu, Chanh; Trahan, Samuel; Liu, Qingfu; Wang, Weiguo; Zhang, Zhan; Tong, Mingjing; Zhang, Banglin; Zhu, Lin] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kieu, Chanh; Trahan, Samuel; Wang, Weiguo; Zhang, Zhan; Tong, Mingjing; Zhang, Banglin; Zhu, Lin] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Strahl, Brian] Joint Typhoon Warning Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Kieu, Chanh] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Atmospher Sci, Indiana, PA USA. RP Tallapragada, V (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM vijay.tallapragada@noaa.gov FU Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) of NOAA FX This work was supported by the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) of NOAA. We thank JTWC, the China Shanghai Typhoon Institute, and the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau for their various feedback and suggestions that helped improve the performance of the HWRF model during the 2013 real-time experiments. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 3 BP 877 EP 894 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00139.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP5HU UT WOS:000378527700010 ER PT J AU Corfidi, SF Johns, RH Darrow, MA AF Corfidi, Stephen F. Johns, Robert H. Darrow, Mark A. TI The Great Basin Derecho of 31 May 1994 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; SEVERE SQUALL LINE; BOW-ECHO; PART I; NORTHWEST CHINA; UNITED-STATES; JULY 2002; ENVIRONMENTS; CLIMATOLOGY; REANALYSIS AB A significant, convectively induced windstorm known as a derecho occurred over parts of Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, and Colorado on 31 May 1994. The event was unusual in that it occurred not only in an environment of relatively limited moisture, but also one with a thermodynamic profile favorable for dry microbursts in the presence of moderate midtropospheric flow. The development and evolution of the severe wind-producing convective system is described, with emphasis on the synoptic and mesoscale features that may have contributed to its strength and maintenance. A very similar derecho that affected much the same region on 1 June 2002 is more briefly introduced. Questions are raised regarding the unique nature of these events and their potential utility in achieving an increased understanding of the mechanics of derecho-producing convective systems in more moisture-rich environments. C1 [Corfidi, Stephen F.; Darrow, Mark A.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Corfidi, SF (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM stephen.corfidi@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 3 BP 917 EP 935 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0178.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP5HU UT WOS:000378527700012 ER PT J AU Yussouf, N Kain, JS Clark, AJ AF Yussouf, Nusrat Kain, John S. Clark, Adam J. TI Short-Term Probabilistic Forecasts of the 31 May 2013 Oklahoma Tornado and Flash Flood Event Using a Continuous-Update-Cycle Storm-Scale Ensemble System SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CONVECTION-PERMITTING FORECASTS; POLARIMETRIC RADAR DATA; WARN-ON-FORECAST; KALMAN FILTER; DATA ASSIMILATION; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; WRF MODEL; ALLOWING FORECASTS; PART I; RESOLUTION AB A continuous-update-cycle storm-scale ensemble data assimilation (DA) and prediction system using the ARW model and DART software is used to generate retrospective 0-6-h ensemble forecasts of the 31 May 2013 tornado and flash flood event over central Oklahoma, with a focus on the prediction of heavy rainfall. Results indicate that the model-predicted probabilities of strong low-level mesocyclones correspond well with the locations of observed mesocyclones and with the observed damage track. The ensemble-mean quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) from the radar DA experiments match NCEP's stage IV analyses reasonably well in terms of location and amount of rainfall, particularly during the 0-3-h forecast period. In contrast, significant displacement errors and lower rainfall totals are evident in a control experiment that withholds radar data during the DA. The ensemble-derived probabilistic QPF (PQPF) from the radar DA experiment is more skillful than the PQPF from the no_radar experiment, based on visual inspection and probabilistic verification metrics. A novel object-based storm-tracking algorithm provides additional insight, suggesting that explicit assimilation and 1-2-h prediction of the dominant supercell is remarkably skillful in the radar experiment. The skill in both experiments is substantially higher during the 0-3-h forecast period than in the 3-6-h period. Furthermore, the difference in skill between the two forecasts decreases sharply during the latter period, indicating that the impact of radar DA is greatest during early forecast hours. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential for a frequently updated, high-resolution ensemble system to extend probabilistic low-level mesocyclone and flash flood forecast lead times and improve accuracy of convective precipitation nowcasting. C1 [Yussouf, Nusrat] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yussouf, Nusrat; Kain, John S.; Clark, Adam J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Yussouf, N (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM nusrat.yussouf@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The computing for this project was performed at the University of Oklahoma (OU) Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER). Thanks to Chris Karstens for helping with the WSR-88D radar data quality control. Thanks to Carrie Langston for the MRMS reflectivity data. Local computer assistance is provided by Brett Morrow, Steven Fletcher, and Robert Coggins. Partial funding for this research was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 3 BP 957 EP 983 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0160.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP5HU UT WOS:000378527700015 ER PT J AU Benjamin, SG Moninger, WR AF Benjamin, Stanley G. Moninger, William R. TI Comments on "A Comparison of Temperature and Wind Measurements from ACARS-Equipped Aircraft and Rawinsondes" SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Editorial Material ID ASSIMILATION C1 [Benjamin, Stanley G.; Moninger, William R.] NOAA, ESRL, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Benjamin, SG (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, R GSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stan.benjamin@noaa.gov RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015 OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 3 BP 1037 EP 1038 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-16-0081.1 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP5HU UT WOS:000378527700019 ER PT J AU Behrens, AM Kim, J Hotaling, N Seppala, JE Kofinas, P Tutak, W AF Behrens, Adam M. Kim, Jeffrey Hotaling, Nathan Seppala, Jonathan E. Kofinas, Peter Tutak, Wojtek TI Rapid fabrication of poly(DL-lactide) nanofiber scaffolds with tunable degradation for tissue engineering applications by air-brushing SO BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE nanofiber; degradation; tissue engineering scaffold; air-brush; solution blow spinning ID CELL-DIFFERENTIATION; DRUG-DELIVERY; POLYMER; MEMBRANE; BLENDS; FATE AB Polymer nanofiber based materials have been widely investigated for use as tissue engineering scaffolds. While promising, these materials are typically fabricated through techniques that require significant time or cost. Here we report a rapid and cost effective air-brushing method for fabricating nanofiber scaffolds using a simple handheld apparatus, compressed air, and a polymer solution. Air-brushing also facilities control over the scaffold degradation rate without adversely impacting architecture. This was accomplished through a one step blending process of high (M-w approximate to 100 000 g mol(-1)) and low (Mw approximate to 25 000 g mol(-1)) molecular weight poly(DL- lactide) (PDLLA) polymers at various ratios (100: 0, 70: 30 and 50: 50). Through this approach, we were able to control fiber scaffold degradation rate while maintaining similar fiber morphology, scaffold porosity, and bulk mechanical properties across all of the tested compositions. The impact of altered degradation rates was biologically evaluated in human bone marrow stromal cell (hBMSC) cultures for up to 16 days and demonstrated degradation rate dependence of both total DNA concentration and gene regulation. C1 [Behrens, Adam M.; Kofinas, Peter] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, 2330 Jeong H Kim Engn Bldg, College Pk, MD USA. [Kim, Jeffrey; Tutak, Wojtek] Volpe Res Ctr ADA Fdn, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Hotaling, Nathan] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seppala, Jonathan E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tutak, W (reprint author), Volpe Res Ctr ADA Fdn, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM wojtek.tutak@nist.gov OI Hotaling, Nathan/0000-0001-8423-6464; Kofinas, Peter/0000-0001-6657-3037 FU American Dental Association Foundation (ADAF); Warren Citrin Graduate Fellowship; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the National Institutes of Health [R01EB019963, F31EB019289] FX We would like to acknowledge the American Dental Association Foundation (ADAF) and the Warren Citrin Graduate Fellowship for supporting this work. Research reported in this publication was also supported by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the National Institutes of Health under Award No. R01EB019963. AMB was supported by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the National Institutes of Health under Award No. F31EB019289. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-6041 EI 1748-605X J9 BIOMED MATER JI Biomed. Mater. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 DI 10.1088/1748-6041/11/3/035001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DP0GQ UT WOS:000378167700002 PM 27121660 ER PT J AU Friedlaender, AS Hazen, EL Goldbogen, JA Stimpert, AK Calambokidis, J Southall, BL AF Friedlaender, A. S. Hazen, E. L. Goldbogen, J. A. Stimpert, A. K. Calambokidis, J. Southall, B. L. TI Prey-mediated behavioral responses of feeding blue whales in controlled sound exposure experiments SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE behavioral response; controlled exposure experiment; disturbance; foraging behavior; prey; whales ID HUMPBACK WHALES; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; KRILL; CETACEANS; SYSTEM; SHIPS; NOISE; GULF AB Behavioral response studies provide significant insights into the nature, magnitude, and consequences of changes in animal behavior in response to some external stimulus. Controlled exposure experiments (CEEs) to study behavioral response have faced challenges in quantifying the importance of and interaction among individual variability, exposure conditions, and environmental covariates. To investigate these complex parameters relative to blue whale behavior and how it may change as a function of certain sounds, we deployed multi-sensor acoustic tags and conducted CEEs using simulated mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS) and pseudo-random noise (PRN) stimuli, while collecting synoptic, quantitative prey measures. In contrast to previous approaches that lacked such prey data, our integrated approach explained substantially more variance in blue whale dive behavioral responses to mid-frequency sounds (r(2) = 0.725 vs. 0.14 previously). Results demonstrate that deep-feeding whales respond more clearly and strongly to CEEs than those in other behavioral states, but this was only evident with the increased explanatory power provided by incorporating prey density and distribution as contextual covariates. Including contextual variables increases the ability to characterize behavioral variability and empirically strengthens previous findings that deep-feeding blue whales respond significantly to mid-frequency sound exposure. However, our results are only based on a single behavioral state with a limited sample size, and this analytical framework should be applied broadly across -behavioral states. The increased capability to describe and account for individual response variability by including environmental variables, such as prey, that drive foraging behavior underscores the importance of integrating these and other relevant contextual parameters in experimental designs. Our results suggest the need to measure and account for the ecological dynamics of predator-prey interactions when studying the effects of anthropogenic disturbance in feeding animals. C1 [Friedlaender, A. S.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Friedlaender, A. S.; Southall, B. L.] Southall Environm Associates, 9099 Soquel Dr,Suite 8, Aptos, CA 95003 USA. [Hazen, E. L.] NOAA, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Hazen, E. L.] UC Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Goldbogen, J. A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Stimpert, A. K.] Moss Landing Marine Lab, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Calambokidis, J.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA USA. [Southall, B. L.] UC Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Friedlaender, AS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.; Friedlaender, AS (reprint author), Southall Environm Associates, 9099 Soquel Dr,Suite 8, Aptos, CA 95003 USA. EM ari.friedlaender@oregonstate.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) Marine Mammal Program FX We thank the numerous institutions and individual members of the SOCAL-BRS field team, notably Stacy DeRuiter, Greg Schorr, Erin Falcone, Annie Douglas, Selene Fregosi and Todd Pusser for their efforts, as well as the crew of the R/V Truth. We thank Doug Nowacek for the use of echosounder equipment. Special thanks to Caroline Casey for her thoughtful discussions and constructive editing of the manuscript throughout. We also thank Jay Barlow (SWFSC) and the anonymous reviewers for their comments. All research was conducted under NMFS Permit #14534, Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary permit no. 2010-004, and multiple IACUC authorizations. Research funding for the active acoustic components of this study was provided by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) Marine Mammal Program. The overall SOCAL-BRS effort was supported in part by ONR Marine Mammal Program, but largely by the U.S. Navy's Living Marine Resources Program. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 20 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1075 EP 1085 DI 10.1002/15-0783 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9GK UT WOS:000378092900009 PM 27509749 ER PT J AU Gu, X Mildner, DFR Cole, DR Rother, G Slingerland, R Brantley, SL AF Gu, Xin Mildner, David F. R. Cole, David R. Rother, Gernot Slingerland, Rudy Brantley, Susan L. TI Quantification of Organic Porosity and Water Accessibility in Marcellus Shale Using Neutron Scattering SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Combustion Processes (ISoCP-2015) CY SEP 22-25, 2015 CL Polish Jurassic Highland, POLAND ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; MISSISSIPPIAN BARNETT SHALE; GAS SHALES; METHANE ADSORPTION; APPALACHIAN BASIN; OIL GENERATION; SURFACE-AREA; PORE TYPES; MATTER; SYSTEMS AB Pores within organic matter (OM) are a significant contributor to the total pore system in gas shales. These pores contribute most of the storage capacity in gas shales. Here we present a novel approach to characterize the OM pore structure (including the porosity, specific surface area, pore size distribution, and water accessibility) in Marcellus shale. By using ultrasmall and small-angle neutron scattering, and by exploiting the contrast matching of the shale matrix with suitable mixtures of deuterated and protonated water, both total and water-accessible porosity were measured on centimeter-sized samples from two boreholes from the nanometer to micrometer scale with good statistical coverage. Samples were also measured after combustion at 450 degrees C. Analysis of scattering data from these procedures allowed quantification of OM porosity and water accessibility. OM hosts 24-47% of the total porosity for both organic-rich and-poor samples. This porosity occupies as much as 29% of the OM volume. In contrast to the current paradigm in the literature that OM porosity is organophilic and therefore not likely to contain water, our results demonstrate that OM pores with widths >20 nm exhibit the characteristics of water accessibility. Our approach reveals the complex structure and wetting behavior of the OM porosity at scales that are hard to interrogate using other techniques. C1 [Gu, Xin; Slingerland, Rudy; Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mildner, David F. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cole, David R.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Rother, Gernot] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gu, X (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM xug102@psu.edu RI Rother, Gernot/B-7281-2008 OI Rother, Gernot/0000-0003-4921-6294 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Pittsburgh Association of Petroleum Geologists Named Grant (AAPG Foundation); NSF [OCE 11-40159]; DOE OBES Grant [DE-FG02-OSER15675]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; DOE Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2 [698077]; NSF Dimensions Program, Division of Environmental Biology [DEB-1342701]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; NSF Critical Zone Observatory program [EAR 12-39285, EAR 13-31726]; Penn State's Forestland Management Office in the College of Agricultural Sciences FX We thank the Appalachian Basin Black Shales Group at the Pennsylvania State University and the Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey for providing shale samples. The SANS measurements at the National Institute of Standards and Technology were supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0944772. Research of X.G. was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy. X.G. acknowledges the Pittsburgh Association of Petroleum Geologists Named Grant (AAPG Foundation Grants-in-Aid Program). S.L.B. acknowledges NSF Grant OCE 11-40159 for support for work on Marcellus shale as well as DOE OBES Grant DE-FG02-OSER15675 for work on porosity using neutron scattering. The authors acknowledge Oak Ridge National Laboratory (acting under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy) for support for X.G. D.RC. at OSU received support from the DOE Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2 through Grant 698077 (neutron scattering experiments) and NSF Dimensions Program, Division of Environmental Biology under Grant DEB-1342701 (for interpretation). The research of G.R. was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Analysis of the Rose Hill shale sample was facilitated by NSF Critical Zone Observatory program grants to SLB (EAR 12-39285, EAR 13-31726). The Rose Hill shale sample derived from Penn State's Stone Valley Forest, which is supported and managed by the Penn State's Forestland Management Office in the College of Agricultural Sciences. The identification of commercial instruments does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the equipment used is necessarily the best available for the purpose. The manuscript was greatly improved by suggestions from three reviewers. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUN PY 2016 VL 30 IS 6 BP 4438 EP 4449 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02878 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DP0QZ UT WOS:000378195600007 ER PT J AU Meador, JP Yeh, A Young, G Gallagher, EP AF Meador, James P. Yeh, Andrew Young, Graham Gallagher, Evan P. TI Contaminants of emerging concern in a large temperate estuary SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Estuary; Fish; Wastewater effluent; Pharmaceuticals; Personal care products ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; TISSUE-RESIDUE APPROACH; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; FATHEAD MINNOWS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; TOXICITY ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; SELECTIVE UPTAKE; CHINOOK SALMON AB This study was designed to assess the occurrence and concentrations of a broad range of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from three local estuaries within a large estuarine ecosystem. In addition to effluent from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), we sampled water and whole-body juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) in estuaries receiving effluent. We analyzed these matrices for 150 compounds, which included pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), and several industrial compounds. Collectively, we detected 81 analytes in effluent, 25 analytes in estuary water, and 42 analytes in fish tissue. A number of compounds, including sertraline, triclosan, estrone, fluoxetine, metformin, and nonylphenol were detected in water and tissue at concentrations that may cause adverse effects in fish. Interestingly, 29 CEC analytes were detected in effluent and fish tissue, but not in estuarine waters, indicating a high potential for bioaccumulation for these compounds. Although concentrations of most detected analytes were present at relatively low concentrations, our analysis revealed that overall CEC inputs to each estuary amount to several kilograms of these compounds per day. This study is unique because we report on CEC concentrations in estuarine waters and whole-body fish, which are both uncommon in the literature. A noteworthy finding was the preferential bioaccumulation of CECs in free-ranging juvenile Chinook salmon relative to staghorn sculpin, a benthic species with relatively high site fidelity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Meador, James P.] NOAA Fisheries, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Meador, James P.; Yeh, Andrew; Gallagher, Evan P.] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Young, Graham] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Young, Graham] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Yeh, Andrew; Gallagher, Evan P.] 4225 Roosevelt Way NE,Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Young, Graham] 1122 NE Boat St,Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Meador, JP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA USA. EM james.meador@noaa.gov; ayeh3@uw.edu; grahamy@u.washington.edu; evang3@u.washington.edu OI Meador, James/0000-0002-6861-8048 FU Washington Department of Ecology [G1300089]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program [P42-ES004696]; University of Washington Sea Grant Program [R/OCEH-8 [NA10OAR4170057]]; UW NIEHS training grant in Environmental Pathology/Toxicology [T32ES007032] FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the Washington Department of Ecology (G1300089), as well as the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program [P42-ES004696], and the University of Washington Sea Grant Program, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Project R/OCEH-8 [NA10OAR4170057]. Andrew Yeh was supported in part by the UW NIEHS training grant in Environmental Pathology/Toxicology (T32ES007032). The authors gratefully acknowledge review comments from Dale Norton (Washington Department of Ecology) and the technical assistance in the laboratory and field provided by University of Washington personnel Richard Ramsden, Christopher Monson, Stuart Munsch, Yasushi Shibata, Anna Bute, Chase R. Williams, Monica Chang, Nancy Huizar, Margaret G. Mills, Jeff Cordell, Michael Caputo, and Jason Toft. Additional thanks to Georgina Brooks, Candice Navaroli, Cynthia Tomey, Sean Campbell, Richard Grace, and additional laboratory staff at AXYS Analytical Services, Ltd, for their excellent analytical skills. We also appreciate assistance from Jay Davis, Steve Damm, and Howard Gearns of the US Fish and Wildlife Service for CWT assessment. NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 32 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 213 BP 254 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.088 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO6VO UT WOS:000377921800028 PM 26907702 ER PT J AU Meng, J Liu, JF Fan, SM Kang, CY Yi, K Cheng, YL Shen, X Tao, S AF Meng, Jing Liu, Junfeng Fan, Songmiao Kang, Chuyun Yi, Kan Cheng, Yanli Shen, Xing Tao, Shu TI Potential health benefits of controlling dust emissions in Beijing SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Road dust; PM2.5; Health impact; Air pollution control ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; NEW-YORK-CITY; AEROSOL CHEMICAL-COMPONENTS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS; ROAD DUST; UNITED-STATES; SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION; PREMATURE MORTALITY AB Although the adverse impact of fine particulate matter (i.e., PM2.5) on human health has been well acknowledged, little is known of the health effects of its specific constituents. Over the past decade, the annual average dust concentrations in Beijing were approximately similar to 14 mu g m(-3), a value that poses a great threat to the city's 20 million residents. In this study, we quantify the potential long-term health damages in Beijing resulting from the dust exposure that occurred from 2000 to 2011. Each year in Beijing, nearly 4000 (95% CI: 1000-7000) premature deaths may be associated with long-term dust exposure, and similar to 20% of these deaths are attributed to lung cancer. A decomposition analysis of the inter annual variability of premature deaths in Beijing indicates that dust concentrations determine the year-to-year tendency, whereas population growth and lung cancer mortality rates drive the increasing tendency of premature death. We suggest that if Beijing takes effective measures towards reducing dust concentrations (e.g., controlling the resuspension of road dust and the fugitive dust from construction sites) to a level comparable to that of New York City's, the associated premature deaths will be significantly reduced. This recommendation offers "low-hanging fruit" suggestions for pollution control that would greatly benefit the public health in Beijing. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meng, Jing; Liu, Junfeng; Yi, Kan; Tao, Shu] Peking Univ, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Fan, Songmiao] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Kang, Chuyun] Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Child Adolescent & Womens Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Yanli] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Shen, Xing] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Ruijin Hosp, Tumor Protons Ctr, Shanghai 200025, Peoples R China. RP Liu, JF (reprint author), Peking Univ, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jfliu@pku.edu.cn OI Tao, Shu/0000-0002-7374-7063 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41222011, 41390240, 41130754]; Chinese Ministry of Education [113001A]; 111 Project [B14001] FX This work is supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under awards 41222011, 41390240 and 41130754; the Research Project of the Chinese Ministry of Education No. 113001A; and the 111 Project (B14001). We thank Lingzhen Dai in Harvard University for facilitating development of the manuscript. NR 120 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 213 BP 850 EP 859 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.021 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO6VO UT WOS:000377921800089 PM 27038572 ER PT J AU Finn, D Clawson, KL Eckman, RM Liu, H Russell, ES Gao, Z Brooks, S AF Finn, D. Clawson, K. L. Eckman, R. M. Liu, H. Russell, E. S. Gao, Z. Brooks, S. TI Project Sagebrush: Revisiting the Value of the Horizontal Plume Spread Parameter sigma(y) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION; DIFFUSION; SCHEMES AB The first phase of an atmospheric tracer experiment program, designated Project Sagebrush, was conducted at the Idaho National Laboratory in October 2013. The purpose was to reevaluate the results of classical field experiments in short-range plume dispersion (e.g., Project Prairie Grass) using the newer technologies that are available for measuring both turbulence levels and tracer concentrations. All releases were conducted during the daytime with atmospheric conditions ranging from neutral to unstable. The key finding was that the values of the horizontal plume spread parameter sigma(y) tended to be larger, by up to a factor of similar to 2, than those measured in many previous field studies. The discrepancies tended to increase with downwind distance. The values of the ratio sigma(y)/sigma(theta), where sigma(theta) is the standard deviation of the horizontal wind direction, also trend near the upper limit or above the range of values determined in earlier studies. There was also evidence to suggest that the value of sigma(y) began to be independent of sigma(theta) for sigma(theta) greater than 18 degrees. It was also found that the commonly accepted range of values for sigma(theta) in different stability conditions might be limiting, at best, and might possibly be unrealistically low, especially at night in low wind speeds. The results raise questions about the commonly accepted magnitudes of sigma(y) derived from older studies. These values are used in the parameterization and validation of both older stability-class dispersion models as well as newer models that are based on Taylor's equation and modern PBL theory. C1 [Finn, D.; Clawson, K. L.; Eckman, R. M.] NOAA, Field Res Div, Air Resources Lab, 1750 Foote Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Liu, H.; Russell, E. S.; Gao, Z.] Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brooks, S.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. RP Finn, D (reprint author), NOAA, Field Res Div, Air Resources Lab, 1750 Foote Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM dennis.finn@noaa.gov FU NOAA; National Science Foundation Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences [1112938] FX We thank the staff from ARLFRD and a volunteer who participated in the field study (Shane Beard, Tom Strong, Jason Rich, Brad Reese, Roger Carter, Donna Davis, and Cherie Clawson). The authors thank Julia Flaherty for assistance with developing the second-moment algorithm. Funding for ARLFRD for this work was provided in part by NOAA, and the WSU participation was partly supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences under Grant 1112938. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1305 EP 1322 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0283.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DO8XC UT WOS:000378067800001 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY Cifelli, R Neiman, PJ White, AB AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. Cifelli, Robert Neiman, Paul J. White, Allen B. TI Radar Rain-Rate Estimators and Their Variability due to Rainfall Type: An Assessment Based on Hydrometeorology Testbed Data from the Southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BAND POLARIMETRIC RADAR; DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; X-BAND; PRECIPITATION; REFLECTIVITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; RETRIEVALS; STRATIFORM; SPECTRA AB S-band profiling (S-PROF) radar measurements from different southeastern U.S. Hydrometeorology Testbed sites indicated a frequent occurrence of rain that did not exhibit radar bright band (BB) and was observed outside the periods of deep-convective precipitation. This common nonbrightband (NBB) rain contributes similar to 15%-20% of total accumulation and is not considered as a separate rain type by current precipitation-segregation operational radar-based schemes, which separate rain into stratiform, convective, and, sometimes, tropical types. Collocated with S-PROF, disdrometer measurements showed that drop size distributions (DSDs) of NBB rain have much larger relative fractions of smaller drops when compared with those of BB and convective rains. Data from a year of combined DSD and rain-type observations were used to derive S-band-radar estimators of rain rate R, including those based on traditional reflectivity Z(e) and ones that also use differential reflectivity Z(DR) and specific differential phase K-DP. Differences among same-type estimators for mostly stratiform BB and deep-convective rain were relatively minor, but estimators derived for the common NBB rain type were distinct. Underestimations in NBB rain-rate retrievals derived using other rain-type estimators (e.g., those for BB or convective rain or default operational radar estimators) for the same values of radar variables can be on average about 40%, although the differential phase-based estimators are somewhat less susceptible to DSD details. No significant differences among the estimators for the same rain type derived using DSDs from different observational sites were present despite significant separation and differing terrain. Identifying areas of common NBB rain could be possible from Z(e) and Z(DR) measurements. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.; Cifelli, Robert; Neiman, Paul J.; White, Allen B.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov FU NOAA Office of Weather and Air Quality U.S. Weather Research program; Physical Sciences Division at the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory FX This work has been supported by the NOAA Office of Weather and Air Quality U.S. Weather Research program and the Physical Sciences Division at the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. The authors are grateful to the PSD scientists and engineers who deployed the instruments and collected and quality controlled the high-quality data as part of HMT-SEPS. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1345 EP 1358 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0284.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DO8XC UT WOS:000378067800003 ER PT J AU Jeong, Y Pham, MS Iadicola, M Creuziger, A Foecke, T AF Jeong, Youngung Minh-Son Pham Iadicola, Mark Creuziger, Adam Foecke, Timothy TI Forming limit prediction using a self-consistent crystal plasticity framework: a case study for body-centered cubic materials SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE forming limit diagram; crystal plasticity; texture; anisotropy ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY SHEETS; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; LOCALIZED NECKING; YIELD SURFACES; STEEL SHEET; METALS; POLYCRYSTALS; DIAGRAMS; BEHAVIOR AB A rate-dependent self-consistent crystal plasticity model was incorporated with the Marciniak-Kuczynski model in order to study the effects of anisotropy on the forming limits of BCC materials. The computational speed of the model was improved by a factor of 24 when running the simulations for several strain paths in parallel. This speed-up enabled a comprehensive investigation of the forming limits of various BCC textures, such as gamma, sigma, alpha, eta and epsilon fibers and a uniform (random) texture. These simulations demonstrate that the crystallographic texture has significant (both positive and negative) effects on the resulting forming limit diagrams. For example, the gamma fiber texture, which is often sought through thermo-mechanical processing due to a high r-value, had the highest forming limit in the balanced biaxial strain path but the lowest forming limit under the plane strain path among the textures under consideration. A systematic investigation based on the results produced by the current model, referred to as 'VPSC-FLD', suggests that the r-value does not serve as a good measure of forming limit strain. However, model predictions show a degree of correlation between the r-value and the forming limit stress. C1 [Jeong, Youngung; Minh-Son Pham; Iadicola, Mark; Creuziger, Adam; Foecke, Timothy] NIST, Ctr Automot Lightweighting, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jeong, Youngung] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Minh-Son Pham] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Minh-Son Pham] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Jeong, Youngung] Clemson Univ, Int Ctr Automot Res, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Jeong, Y (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Automot Lightweighting, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Jeong, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Jeong, Y (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Int Ctr Automot Res, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. EM younguj@clemson.edu RI Pham, Minh-Son/D-1329-2012; OI Pham, Minh-Son/0000-0002-9497-2980; Jeong, Youngung/0000-0001-6496-8115 NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 24 IS 5 AR 055005 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/24/5/055005 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DP1ZX UT WOS:000378289000005 ER PT J AU Laiakis, EC Pannkuk, EL Diaz-Rubio, ME Wang, YW Mak, TD Simbulan-Rosenthal, CM Brenner, DJ Fornace, AJ AF Laiakis, Evagelia C. Pannkuk, Evan L. Diaz-Rubio, Maria Elena Wang, Yi-Wen Mak, Tytus D. Simbulan-Rosenthal, Cynthia M. Brenner, David J. Fornace, Albert J., Jr. TI Implications of genotypic differences in the generation of a urinary metabolomics radiation signature SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Metabolomics; DNA repair; Urine; Ionizing radiation; Biomarkers ID IONIZING-RADIATION; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; GAMMA-RADIATION; MICE; EXPOSURE; PARP-1; BIOMARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; DATABASE AB The increased threat of radiological terrorism and accidental nuclear exposures, together with increased usage of radiation-based medical procedures, has made necessary the development of minimally invasive methods for rapid identification of exposed individuals. Genetically predisposed radiosensitive individuals comprise a significant number of the population and require specialized attention and treatments after such events. Metabolomics, the assessment of the collective small molecule content in a given biofluid or tissue, has proven effective in the rapid identification of radiation biomarkers and metabolic perturbations. To investigate how the genotypic background may alter the ionizing radiation (IR) signature, we analyzed urine from Parp1(-/-) mice, as a model radiosensitive genotype, exposed to IR by utilizing the analytical power of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), as urine has been thoroughly investigated in wild type (WT) mice in previous studies from our laboratory. Samples were collected at days one and three after irradiation, time points that are important for the early and efficient triage of exposed individuals. Time-dependent perturbations in metabolites were observed in the tricarboxylic acid pathway (TCA). Other differentially excreted metabolites included amino acids and metabolites associated with dysregulation of energy metabolism pathways. Time-dependent apoptotic pathway activation between WT and mutant mice following IR exposure may explain the altered excretion patterns, although the origin of the metabolites remains to be determined. This first metabolomics study in urine from radiation exposed genetic mutant animal models provides evidence that this technology can be used to dissect the effects of genotoxic agents on metabolism by assessing easily accessible biofluids and identify biomarkers of radiation exposure. Applications of metabolomics could be incorporated in the future to further elucidate the effects of IR on the metabolism of Parp1(-/-) genotype by assessing individual tissues. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Laiakis, Evagelia C.; Pannkuk, Evan L.; Wang, Yi-Wen; Simbulan-Rosenthal, Cynthia M.; Fornace, Albert J., Jr.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol & Cellular Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Diaz-Rubio, Maria Elena] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Div Dev Nutr, Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Mak, Tytus D.] NIST, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brenner, David J.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Fornace, Albert J., Jr.] Georgetown Univ, Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Fornace, Albert J., Jr.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Genom Med Res CEGMR, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia. RP Laiakis, EC (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, 3970 Reservoir Rd,NW,New Res Bldg,Room E504, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM ec128@georgetown.edu FU National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) [U19AI067773]; National Cancer Institute [P30 CA051008] FX This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) grant U19AI067773 (P.I. David J. Brenner, performed as part of the Columbia University Center for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation). The project described above was also supported by Award Number P30 CA051008 (P.I. Louis Weiner) from the National Cancer Institute. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute or the National Institutes of Health. The authors would like to thank Ms. Pelagie Ake and Mr. Bo-Hyun Moon for assistance with breeding and genotyping, Mr. Victor Jolly for preparation of chemical standards for MS/MS, and Mr. Anirudh Gaur for help with the western blots. We would also like to thank the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Proteomics & Metabolomics Shared Resource (PMSR) for data acquisition, particularly Dr. Amrita Cheema and Ms. Kirandeep Gill. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 EI 1873-135X J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 788 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.03.003 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA DP0LV UT WOS:000378182200008 PM 27040378 ER PT J AU Mielenz, M Kalis, H Wittemer, M Hakelberg, F Warring, U Schmied, R Blain, M Maunz, P Moehring, DL Leibfried, D Schaetz, T AF Mielenz, Manuel Kalis, Henning Wittemer, Matthias Hakelberg, Frederick Warring, Ulrich Schmied, Roman Blain, Matthew Maunz, Peter Moehring, David L. Leibfried, Dietrich Schaetz, Tobias TI Arrays of individually controlled ions suitable for two-dimensional quantum simulations SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED ATOMIC IONS; COMPUTER; STATES AB A precisely controlled quantum system may reveal a fundamental understanding of another, less accessible system of interest. A universal quantum computer is currently out of reach, but an analogue quantum simulator that makes relevant observables, interactions and states of a quantum model accessible could permit insight into complex dynamics. Several platforms have been suggested and proof-of-principle experiments have been conducted. Here, we operate two-dimensional arrays of three trapped ions in individually controlled harmonic wells forming equilateral triangles with side lengths 40 and 80 mm. In our approach, which is scalable to arbitrary two-dimensional lattices, we demonstrate individual control of the electronic and motional degrees of freedom, preparation of a fiducial initial state with ion motion close to the ground state, as well as a tuning of couplings between ions within experimental sequences. Our work paves the way towards a quantum simulator of two-dimensional systems designed at will. C1 [Mielenz, Manuel; Kalis, Henning; Wittemer, Matthias; Hakelberg, Frederick; Warring, Ulrich; Schaetz, Tobias] Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Hermann Herder Str 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Schmied, Roman] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, Klingelbergstr 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Blain, Matthew; Maunz, Peter; Moehring, David L.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Leibfried, Dietrich] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schaetz, Tobias] Univ Freiburg, Freiburg Inst Adv Studies, Albertstr 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Moehring, David L.] Intelligence Adv Res Projects Act, College Pk, MD USA. RP Warring, U (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Hermann Herder Str 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM ulrich.warring@physik.uni-freiburg.de OI Schmied, Roman/0000-0001-5713-5262 FU DFG [SCHA 972/6-1]; US Department of EnergyOs National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by DFG (SCHA 972/6-1). Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US Department of EnergyOs National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. All statements of fact, opinion or analysis expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official positions or views of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) or the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity. We thank J. Denter for technical assistance. Further, we are grateful for helpful comments on the manuscript given by S. Todaro, K. McCormick and Y. Minet. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 AR 11839 DI 10.1038/ncomms11839 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DP3IW UT WOS:000378387500001 ER PT J AU Dirlam, PT Park, J Simmonds, AG Domanik, K Arrington, CB Schaefer, JL Oleshko, VP Kleine, TS Char, K Glass, RS Soles, CL Kim, C Pinna, N Sung, YE Pyun, J AF Dirlam, Philip T. Park, Jungjin Simmonds, Adam G. Domanik, Kenneth Arrington, Clay B. Schaefer, Jennifer L. Oleshko, Vladimir P. Kleine, Tristan S. Char, Kookheon Glass, Richard S. Soles, Christopher L. Kim, Chunjoong Pinna, Nicola Sung, Yung-Eun Pyun, Jeffrey TI Elemental Sulfur and Molybdenum Disulfide Composites for Li-S Batteries with Long Cycle Life and High-Rate Capability SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE lithium-sulfur; Li-S; rechargeable battery; high-rate; MoS2; molybdenum disulfide; inverse vulcanization; elemental sulfur ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; HIGH-ENERGY DENSITY; INVERSE VULCANIZATION; HIGH-CAPACITY; CATHODE MATERIALS; POLYMERIC MATERIALS; POROUS CARBON; PERFORMANCE; MOS2; COPOLYMERIZATION AB The practical implementation of Li-S technology has been hindered by short cycle life and poor rate capability owing to deleterious effects resulting from the varied solubilities of different Li polysulfide redox products. Here, we report the preparation and utilization of composites with a sulfur-rich matrix and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) particulate inclusions as Li-S cathode materials with the capability to mitigate the dissolution of the Li polysulfide redox products via the MoS2 inclusions acting as "polysulfide anchors". In situ composite formation was completed via a facile, one-pot method with commercially available starting materials. The composites were afforded by first dispersing MoS2 directly in liquid elemental sulfur (S-8) with sequential polymerization of the sulfur phase via thermal ring opening polymerization or copolymerization via inverse vulcanization. For the practical utility of this system to be highlighted, it was demonstrated, that the composite formation methodology was amenable to larger scale processes with composites easily prepared in 100 g batches. Cathodes fabricated with the high sulfur content composites as the active material afforded Li-S cells that exhibited extended cycle lifetimes of up to 1000 cycles with low capacity decay (0.07% per cycle) and demonstrated exceptional rate capability with the delivery of reversible capacity up to 500 mAh/g at 5 C. C1 [Dirlam, Philip T.; Simmonds, Adam G.; Arrington, Clay B.; Kleine, Tristan S.; Glass, Richard S.; Pyun, Jeffrey] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Park, Jungjin; Char, Kookheon; Sung, Yung-Eun; Pyun, Jeffrey] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Program Chem Convergence Energy & Environm, Natl CRI Ctr Intelligent Hybrids, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Park, Jungjin; Char, Kookheon; Sung, Yung-Eun; Pyun, Jeffrey] Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Basic Res, Ctr Nanoparticle Res, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Domanik, Kenneth] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schaefer, Jennifer L.; Oleshko, Vladimir P.; Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schaefer, Jennifer L.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Kim, Chunjoong] Chungnam Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Daejeon 350764, South Korea. [Pinna, Nicola] Humboldt Univ, Inst Chem, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Pyun, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.; Pyun, J (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Program Chem Convergence Energy & Environm, Natl CRI Ctr Intelligent Hybrids, Seoul 151744, South Korea.; Pyun, J (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Basic Res, Ctr Nanoparticle Res, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM jpyun@email.arizona.edu RI Pinna, Nicola/G-2307-2010; OI Pinna, Nicola/0000-0003-1273-803X FU NSF [CHE-1305773]; Kuraray; University of Arizona Renewable Energy Network; WCU Program through the NRF of Korea - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R31-10013]; NRF for the National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids [2010-0018290]; Institute for Basic Science, Republic of Korea [IBS-R006-G1]; NIST [70NANB12H164]; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2015R1D1A1A01056874] FX We acknowledge the NSF (CHE-1305773), Kuraray, the University of Arizona Renewable Energy Network, the WCU Program through the NRF of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (R31-10013) for support of this work. K.C. acknowledges the support from NRF for the National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids (2010-0018290). Y.-E.S. acknowledges financial support from the Institute for Basic Science (IBS-R006-G1), Republic of Korea. V.P.O. acknowledges the support from NIST (Award No. 70NANB12H164). C.K. acknowledges the support from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2015R1D1A1A01056874). P.T.D. thanks Dr. Paul Wallace (USIF, U of AZ) for valuable discussions and assistance with SEM and X-ray microanalysis. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 61 U2 136 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 21 BP 13437 EP 13448 DI 10.1021/acsami.6b03200 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DN5ZM UT WOS:000377150400029 PM 27171646 ER PT J AU Newman, M Alexander, MA Ault, TR Cobb, KM Deser, C Di Lorenzo, E Mantua, NJ Miller, AJ Minobe, S Nakamura, H Schneider, N Vimont, DJ Phillips, AS Scott, JD Smith, CA AF Newman, Matthew Alexander, Michael A. Ault, Toby R. Cobb, Kim M. Deser, Clara Di Lorenzo, Emanuele Mantua, Nathan J. Miller, Arthur J. Minobe, Shoshiro Nakamura, Hisashi Schneider, Niklas Vimont, Daniel J. Phillips, Adam S. Scott, James D. Smith, Catherine A. TI The Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Revisited SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN INTERACTION; KUROSHIO EXTENSION JET; EXTRATROPICAL SST ANOMALIES; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; EDDY-RESOLVING OGCM; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SEASONAL FOOTPRINTING MECHANISM; ARCTIC FRONTAL ZONE AB The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), the dominant year-round pattern of monthly North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability, is an important target of ongoing research within the meteorological and climate dynamics communities and is central to the work of many geologists, ecologists, natural resource managers, and social scientists. Research over the last 15 years has led to an emerging consensus: the PDO is not a single phenomenon, but is instead the result of a combination of different physical processes, including both remote tropical forcing and local North Pacific atmosphere-ocean interactions, which operate on different time scales to drive similar PDO-like SST anomaly patterns. How these processes combine to generate the observed PDO evolution, including apparent regime shifts, is shown using simple autoregressive models of increasing spatial complexity. Simulations of recent climate in coupled GCMs are able to capture many aspects of the PDO, but do so based on a balance of processes often more independent of the tropics than is observed. Finally, it is suggested that the assessment of PDO-related regional climate impacts, reconstruction of PDO-related variability into the past with proxy records, and diagnosis of Pacific variability within coupled GCMs should all account for the effects of these different processes, which only partly represent the direct forcing of the atmosphere by North Pacific Ocean SSTs. C1 [Newman, Matthew; Scott, James D.; Smith, Catherine A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Newman, Matthew; Alexander, Michael A.; Scott, James D.; Smith, Catherine A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ault, Toby R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. [Cobb, Kim M.; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Deser, Clara; Phillips, Adam S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Miller, Arthur J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Minobe, Shoshiro] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Nakamura, Hisashi] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Nakamura, Hisashi] JAMSTEC, Applicat Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Schneider, Niklas] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Schneider, Niklas] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Vimont, Daniel J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Vimont, Daniel J.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Newman, M (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matt.newman@noaa.gov RI Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010; Minobe, Shoshiro/E-2997-2010; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; OI Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312; Minobe, Shoshiro/0000-0002-9487-9006; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363 FU NOAA/CPO (CDEP); NSF AGS CLD [1035325]; NOAA/CPO (ESM); NASA; NOAA MAPP Program; National Science Foundation; NSF [OCE1026607, OCE1419306]; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports Science and Technology (MEXT); JSPS KAKENHI [15H01606, 26287110, 26610146]; MEXT [25287120, 26241003]; MEXT through Arctic Challenge for Sustainability Program; Japanese Ministry of Environment through Environment Research and Technology Department Fund [2-1503]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DOE-DESC000511]; JAMSTEC-IPRC Joint Investigations; [NSF1357015] FX The authors wish to thank Mike Wallace, Mike McPhaden, Sasha Gershunov, Joe Barsugli, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments that significantly improved this paper. MN was supported by NOAA/CPO (CDEP) and NSF AGS CLD 1035325. MA and JDS acknowledge support from NOAA/CPO (ESM) and NASA. CD and ASP acknowledge support from the NOAA MAPP Program. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. AJM was supported by NSF OCE1026607 and OCE1419306. SM and HN were supported in part by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports Science and Technology (MEXT) through Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 2205 in Innovative Areas. SM is also supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grants 15H01606, 26287110, and 26610146. HN is also supported by MEXT through Grants-in-Aid 25287120 and 26241003 and through Arctic Challenge for Sustainability Program, and by the Japanese Ministry of Environment through Environment Research and Technology Department Fund 2-1503. NS was supported by NSF1357015; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, DOE-DESC000511; and JAMSTEC-IPRC Joint Investigations. NR 238 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 34 U2 76 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 12 BP 4399 EP 4427 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0508.1 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DO5AT UT WOS:000377796700006 ER PT J AU Mody, P Hart, C Romano, S El-Magbri, M Esson, MM Ibeh, T Knowlton, ED Zhang, M Wagner, MJ Hartings, MR AF Mody, Puja Hart, Cassidy Romano, Siena El-Magbri, Mariam Esson, Moira M. Ibeh, Trisha Knowlton, Elizabeth D. Zhang, Ming Wagner, Michael J. Hartings, Matthew R. TI Protein-based ferrogels SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Polymer microgel; Protein microgel; Hydrogel; Magnetic nanoparticle ID MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; CONTROLLED-RELEASE; DRUG-DELIVERY; MICROSPHERES; HEMOGLOBIN; HYDROGELS; NANOCRYSTALS; AGGREGATION; PARTICLES; TOXICITY AB We present a novel synthesis in which hemoglobin and Fe2+ react, in the presence of KNO3 and KOH, to produce protein microgels that contain magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The synthesis results in microgels with polymer properties (denaturing and glass transition temperatures) that are consistent with the dried protein. The iron oxide nanoparticles that exhibit an average diameter of 22 nm, are ferrimagnetic, and display properties consistent with Fe3O4. The multiple functional capabilities displayed by these materials: biocompatibility, magnetism, dye uptake and controlled release, and other properties archetypal of hydrogels, will make the magnetic hydrogels attractive for a number of biomedical applications. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mody, Puja; Hart, Cassidy; Romano, Siena; El-Magbri, Mariam; Esson, Moira M.; Ibeh, Trisha; Hartings, Matthew R.] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knowlton, Elizabeth D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Ming; Wagner, Michael J.] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Hartings, MR (reprint author), Amer Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM hartings@american.edu NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 EI 1873-3344 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 159 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.02.015 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DO8GK UT WOS:000378021000002 PM 26901627 ER PT J AU Nieuwendaal, RC AF Nieuwendaal, Ryan C. TI On the role of experimental imperfections in constructing H-1 spin diffusion NMR plots for domain size measurements SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE Solid-state NMR; CRAMPS; Domain size; Polymer blend; Composite; H-1 spin diffusion; Miscibility ID SOLID-STATE NMR; MULTIPLE-PULSE NMR; POLYMER BLENDS; PHASE TRANSIENTS; RESOLUTION; MICROSCOPY; MOBILITY AB We discuss the precision of 1D chemical-shift-based H-1 spin diffusion NMR experiments as well as straightforward experimental protocols for reducing errors. The H-1 spin diffusion NMR experiments described herein are useful for samples that contain components with significant spectral overlap in the 1H NMR spectrum and also for samples of small mass ( < 1 mg). We show that even in samples that display little spectral contrast, domain sizes can be determined to a relatively high degree of certainty if common experimental variability is accounted for and known. In particular, one should (1) measure flip angles to high precision ( approximate to +/- 1 degrees flip angle), (2) establish a metric for phase transients to ensure their repeatability, (3) establish a reliable spectral deconvolution procedure to ascertain the deconvolved spectra of the neat components in the composite or blend spin diffusion spectrum, and (4) when possible, perform 1D chemical-shift-based H-1 spin diffusion experiments with zero total integral to partially correct for errors and uncertainties if these requirements cannot fully be implemented. We show that minimizing the degree of phase transients is not a requirement for reliable domain size measurement, but their repeatability is essential, as is knowing their contribution to the spectral offset (i.e. the J(1) coefficient). When performing experiments with zero total integral in the spin diffusion NMR spectrum with carefully measured flip angles and known phase transient effects, the largest contribution to error arises from an uncertainty in the component lineshapes which can be as high as 7%. This uncertainty can be reduced considerably if the component lineshapes deconvolved from the composite or blend spin diffusion spectra adequately match previously acquired pure component spectra. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Nieuwendaal, Ryan C.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nieuwendaal, RC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ryann@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0926-2040 EI 1527-3326 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD JUN-JUL PY 2016 VL 76-77 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2016.03.006 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA DO6CY UT WOS:000377871900005 PM 27039203 ER PT J AU Hasselman, DJ Anderson, EC Argo, EE Bethoney, ND Gephard, SR Post, DM Schondelmeier, BP Schultz, TF Willis, TV Palkovacs, EP AF Hasselman, Daniel J. Anderson, Eric C. Argo, Emily E. Bethoney, N. David Gephard, Stephen R. Post, David M. Schondelmeier, Bradley P. Schultz, Thomas F. Willis, Theodore V. Palkovacs, Eric P. TI Genetic stock composition of marine bycatch reveals disproportional impacts on depleted river herring genetic stocks SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS SNPS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ALASKA CHINOOK SALMON; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; MICROSATELLITE DATA; ANADROMOUS ALEWIFE; ATLANTIC COAST; STRIPED BASS; WESTERN ALASKA AB Bycatch of mid-trophic-level anadromous fishes that connect marine and freshwater ecosystems is a growing conservation concern. Anadromous alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) are important components of coastal freshwater and marine food webs, but have experienced dramatic declines in the abundances of spawning adults. Freshwater-focused restoration efforts have yielded few consistent signs of recovery, raising concerns that bycatch in Northwest Atlantic commercial fisheries may be negating these conservation actions. Using data from 15 microsatellites genotyped for baseline populations and bycatch, we conducted genetic stock identification to understand how bycatch was partitioned among previously identified regional genetic stocks. We then combined this information with fishery observer data to estimate genetic stock-specific bycatch mortality for the southern New England Atlantic herring fishery (2012-2013). Bycatch overall, but especially in the Atlantic herring fishery, was disproportionately assigned to the most severely depleted genetic stocks (alewife southern New England stock-70% of assignments; blueback herring mid-Atlantic stock-78% of assignments). These genetic stocks overlap in the region surrounding Long Island Sound, suggesting that bycatch taken from this area in recent years may be negatively impacting recovery efforts in this region. Our study suggests that mitigating bycatch on the southern New England fishing grounds may benefit recovery efforts for alewife and blueback herring genetic stocks that have experienced the greatest declines in spawning adult abundances. C1 [Hasselman, Daniel J.; Argo, Emily E.; Palkovacs, Eric P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Anderson, Eric C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bethoney, N. David] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Maine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. [Gephard, Stephen R.] Connecticut Dept Energy & Environm Protect, Old Lyme, CT 06371 USA. [Post, David M.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Schondelmeier, Bradley P.] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Schultz, Thomas F.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Willis, Theodore V.] Univ So Maine, Dept Environm Sci, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Hasselman, Daniel J.; Palkovacs, Eric P.] Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Argo, Emily E.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Palkovacs, EP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.; Palkovacs, EP (reprint author), Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM epalkova@ucsc.edu OI Schultz, Thomas/0000-0001-9694-9920 FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) [0104.14.041425, 0104.10.036436]; Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) [15-0105, 15-0102]; National Science Foundation (NSF DEB) [1457333]; Nature Conservancy FX Bycatch sampling was performed by the Northeast Fisheries Observer Program, Maine Department of Marine Resources, Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Portside Sampling Program, and the Cornell Cooperative Extension. We also thank members of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission and the Mid-Atlantic Fisheries Management Council. Special thanks go to A. Van Atten, C. Keith, J. Becker, L. Pinkham, W. Hoffman, B. Gahagan, J. Scotti, E. Hasbrouck, M. Hawk, J. Didden, S. Elzey, T. Apgar, K. Limburg, S. Turner, A. Jones, K. Stokesbury, C. Enterline, K. Sullivan, A. Bowden, M. Dionne, P. Edwards, and D. Ellis for assistance during this study. This manuscript was improved by the constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers. This work was funded by grants to EPP from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF Nos. 0104.14.041425 and 0104.10.036436), the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC Nos. 15-0105 and 15-0102), and the National Science Foundation (NSF DEB No. 1457333). We also thank the Nature Conservancy for their financial support of the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Portside Sampling Program. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 6 BP 951 EP 963 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0402 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DN8CQ UT WOS:000377307200007 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Jensen, OP Zipkin, EF AF Thorson, James T. Jensen, Olaf P. Zipkin, Elise F. TI How variable is recruitment for exploited marine fishes? A hierarchical model for testing life history theory (vol 71, pg 973, 2014) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 [Thorson, James T.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Zipkin, Elise F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, 288 Farm Lane, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Jimthor@u.washington.edu OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1014 EP 1014 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0167 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DN8CQ UT WOS:000377307200013 ER PT J AU Seminoff, JA AF Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI The 15th Volume of Chelonian Conservation and Biology: Another Shining Example of Our International Scope Introduction SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Chelonian Conservat & Biol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Seminoff, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Chelonian Conservat & Biol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Jeffrey.Seminoff@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DO0PS UT WOS:000377481400001 ER PT J AU Chang, GG Wen, HM Li, B Zhou, W Wang, HL Alfooty, K Bao, ZB Chen, BL AF Chang, Ganggang Wen, Huimin Li, Bin Zhou, Wei Wang, Hailong Alfooty, Khalid Bao, Zongbi Chen, Banglin TI A Fluorinated Metal-Organic Framework for High Methane Storage at Room Temperature SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID GAS-STORAGE; NATURAL-GAS; FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS; UPTAKE CAPACITIES; WORKING CAPACITY; POROUS MATERIALS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CH4 STORAGE; PORE-SIZE; HIGH H-2 AB A fluorinated metal-organic framework NOTT-108 with single pure-phase has been synthesized for the first tine, which has enabled us to examine the effect of the substituted fluorine atoms on the methane storage. The activated NOTT-108a shows a permanent porosity comparable to its isoreticular NOTT-101a but exhibits a higher volumetric methane storage capacity of 247 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) and a working capacity of 186 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) (at 298 K and 65 bar) than 237 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) and 181 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) of NOTT-101a, attributed to the higher polarity/dipole moment of C-F bonds compared to that of C-H bonds,for the enhanced electrostatic interaction with methane molecules. C1 [Chang, Ganggang; Bao, Zongbi] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Chem & Biol Engn, Key Lab Biomass Chem Engn, Minist Educ, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Chang, Ganggang; Wen, Huimin; Li, Bin; Wang, Hailong; Bao, Zongbi; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Alfooty, Khalid; Chen, Banglin] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia. RP Bao, ZB (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Chem & Biol Engn, Key Lab Biomass Chem Engn, Minist Educ, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.; Li, B; Bao, ZB; Chen, BL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM bin.li@utsa.edu; baozb@zju.edu.cn; banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Li, Bin/J-6124-2015; Wen, Huimin/G-6215-2015 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Li, Bin/0000-0002-7774-5452; Wen, Huimin/0000-0002-3531-3379 FU Welch Foundation [AX-1730]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [21436010, 21376205]; Lin Guangzhao & Hu Guozan Graduate Education International Exchange fund FX This work was supported by an award AX-1730 from the Welch Foundation (B.C.), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21436010 and 21376205), and Lin Guangzhao & Hu Guozan Graduate Education International Exchange fund. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 EI 1528-7505 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3395 EP 3399 DI 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00385 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA DN5ZX UT WOS:000377151500044 ER PT J AU Reavie, ED Cai, MJ Twiss, MR Carrick, HJ Davis, TW Johengen, TH Gossiaux, D Smith, DE Palladino, D Burtner, A Sgro, GV AF Reavie, Euan D. Cai, Meijun Twiss, Michael R. Carrick, Hunter J. Davis, Timothy W. Johengen, Thomas H. Gossiaux, Duane Smith, Derek E. Palladino, Danna Burtner, Ashley Sgro, Gerald V. TI Winter-spring diatom production in Lake Erie is an important driver of summer hypoxia SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Erie; Diatoms; Cyanobacteria; Blooms; Silica; Phosphorus ID PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRIENT LIMITATION; CENTRAL BASIN; GREAT-LAKES; RE-EUTROPHICATION; OXYGEN DEPLETION; CHLOROPHYLL-A; LONG-TERM; TRENDS; PHOSPHORUS; COMMUNITY AB Re-eutrophication and harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie have resulted in a renewed call for remedial measures such as reductions of phosphorus loads to the lake's western basin. The action of further nutrient reductions may also reduce the intensity of seasonal central basin hypolimnetic anoxia by reducing algal biomass. However, winter-spring blooms of diatoms have not been fully recognized as a source of algal biomass that might contribute significantly to summer hypoxia. We compared spring and summer phytoplankton abundance in central and western Lake Erie based on monitoring data to show that spring phytoplankton biovolume was 1.5- to 6-fold greater than summer biovolume and that most spring biovolume was composed of filamentous diatoms, primarily Aulacoseira islandica, that is likely supported by an increasing silica load from Lake Huron. The rise of silica export was attributed to the dreissenid mussel invasion and establishment that reduced diatom abundance in Lake Huron and thereby increased silica availability in the receiving water body of Lake Erie. The relationship between phosphorus and winter-spring diatom blooms was unclear, but diatoms probably contributed the majority of the algal biomass that accumulated annually in the hypolimnion of the central basin of Lake Erie. Remedial measures aimed at reducing hypoxia must consider the winter-spring phytoplankton bloom in Lake Erie as an important and reoccurring feature of the lake that delivers a considerable quantity of algal biomass to the profundal zone of the lake. (C) 2016 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reavie, Euan D.; Cai, Meijun] Univ Minnesota, NRRI, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Twiss, Michael R.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Biol, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Carrick, Hunter J.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Carrick, Hunter J.] Cent Michigan Univ, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Davis, Timothy W.; Gossiaux, Duane] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Johengen, Thomas H.; Palladino, Danna; Burtner, Ashley] Univ Michigan, CILER, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Smith, Derek E.] Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Informat, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Sgro, Gerald V.] John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, 1 John Carroll Blvd, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. RP Reavie, ED (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, NRRI, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM ereavie@d.umn.edu OI Reavie, Euan/0000-0001-8871-5809; Smith, Derek/0000-0001-8117-2477 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [GL-00E23101-2]; New York Sea Grant Institution [R-CE-29] FX This research was supported by a grant to E. Reavie from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement GL-00E23101-2, and a grant to M. Twiss from the New York Sea Grant Institution (R-CE-29). Ship time provided by the USEPA Great Lakes National Program Office for Spring 2010 and from Environment Canada onboard the CCGS Griffon for winter sampling is gratefully acknowledged. This document has not been subjected to the EPA's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the view of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Sediment core collection was performed by Bob Sterner and the crew of the R/V Blue Heron (Large Lakes Observatory). Personnel from the Large Lakes Observatory also performed the sediment nutrient analyses. Michael Agbeti, Lisa Estepp and Elaine Ruzycki supported algal assessments of the GLNPO phytoplankton samples. Kitty Kennedy, Amy Kireta, Lisa Estepp and the crew of the R/V Lake Guardian supported phytoplankton sample collection. This is contribution number 600 of the Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth. This manuscript is GLERL contribution number 1808. The paper is contribution number 68 of the Institute for Great Lakes (IGLR) at Central Michigan University. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 18 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 42 IS 3 BP 608 EP 618 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.02.013 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DO1RL UT WOS:000377556700012 ER PT J AU Fahnenstiel, GL Sayers, MJ Shuchman, RA Yousef, F Pothoven, SA AF Fahnenstiel, Gary L. Sayers, Michael J. Shuchman, Robert A. Yousef, F. Pothoven, Steven A. TI Lake-wide phytoplankton production and abundance in the Upper Great Lakes: 2010-2013 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Huron; Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Carbon; Chlorophyll a; Remote sensing ID CHLOROPHYLL-A; MICHIGAN PHYTOPLANKTON; ORGANIC-CARBON; PACIFIC-OCEAN; FOOD-WEB; SUPERIOR; PHOSPHORUS; ERIE; HURON; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Lake-wide phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentrations and primary production were determined for lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior in 2010-2013. Chlorophyll a concentrations were determined using MODIS imagery with a color-producing agent algorithm and primary production with the Great Lakes Production Model using remotely sensed and empirically derived input from the Upper Great Lakes. The new chlorophyll a and primary production estimates agreed well with field measurements. Lake-wide mean chlorophyll a concentrations determined from observations in all 12 months were highest in Lake Superior (mean = 0.99 mg/m(3)), intermediate in Lake Michigan (mean = 0.88 mg/m(3)), and lowest in Lake Huron (mean = 0.77 mg/m(3)). In Lake Superior, a gradient in chlorophyll a concentrations was noted from the shallow zone (0-30 m, mean = 1.57 mg/m(3)) to the deep-water zone (> 150 m, mean = 0.94 mg/m(3)). However, in Lake Michigan, no differences in mean chlorophyll a concentrations were noted in shallow-, mid-, or deep-water zones (means, 0.83, 0.86, 0.90 mg/m(3), respectively). Lake-wide areal integrated primary production rates in lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior were not significantly different for the 2010-2013 period (means, 216, 259, and 228 mg C/m(2)/d, respectively). Also, primary production in all depth zones (shallow, mid, and deep) were similar across lakes. Annual whole-lake phytoplankton carbon fixation values for 2010-2013 ranged from 4.4 to 5.7 Tg/y for Lake Huron, 5.0-7.2 Tg/y for Lake Michigan, and 6.4-9.5 Tg/y for Lake Superior. (C) 2016 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fahnenstiel, Gary L.; Sayers, Michael J.; Shuchman, Robert A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Fahnenstiel, Gary L.; Yousef, F.] Michigan Technolol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI USA. [Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] Univ Michigan, Water Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Lake Michigan Field Stn, GLERL, Muskegon, MI USA. RP Fahnenstiel, GL (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. EM glfahnen@mtu.edu FU NASA [NNX12AP94G] FX The authors would like to thank Audrey Barnett, Erin Cafferty, John Trochta, and the crews of the R/V Laurentian, NOAA-5501, and R/V Aggassiz for their assistance with field sampling. Bo Bunnell and the USGS provided shiptime in northern Lake Michigan in 2010. Colleen Mouw provided stimulating discussions on remote sensing. Reid Sawtell assisted with processing of satellite imagery and model development. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. This work was supported byNASA grant no. NNX12AP94G and a contract from the Water Center, University of Michigan. GLERL contribution #1807. NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 42 IS 3 BP 619 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.02.004 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DO1RL UT WOS:000377556700013 ER PT J AU Hotaling, NA Khristov, V Wan, Q Sharma, R Jha, BS Lotfi, M Maminishkis, A Simon, CG Bharti, K AF Hotaling, Nathan A. Khristov, Vladimir Wan, Qin Sharma, Ruchi Jha, Balendu Shekhar Lotfi, Mostafa Maminishkis, Arvydas Simon, Carl G., Jr. Bharti, Kapil TI Nanofiber Scaffold-Based Tissue-Engineered Retinal Pigment Epithelium to Treat Degenerative Eye Diseases SO JOURNAL OF OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Review ID HUMAN BRUCHS MEMBRANE; POLY(LACTIC ACID) FIBER; PLURIPOTENT STEM-CELLS; IN-VITRO DEGRADATION; AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE; SUBRETINAL SPACE; POLY(EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE) NANOFIBERS; ELECTROSPUN SCAFFOLDS; MACULAR DEGENERATION; FLUID TRANSPORT AB Clinical-grade manufacturing of a functional retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) monolayer requires reproducing, as closely as possible, the natural environment in which RPE grows. In vitro, this can be achieved by a tissue engineering approach, in which the RPE is grown on a nanofibrous biological or synthetic scaffold. Recent research has shown that nanofiber scaffolds perform better for cell growth and transplantability compared with their membrane counterparts and that the success of the scaffold in promoting cell growth/function is not heavily material dependent. With these strides, the field has advanced enough to begin to consider implementation of one, or a combination, of the tissue engineering strategies discussed herein. In this study, we review the current state of tissue engineering research for in vitro culture of RPE/scaffolds and the parameters for optimal scaffold design that have been uncovered during this research. Next, we discuss production methods and manufacturers that are capable of producing the nanofiber scaffolds in such a way that would be biologically, regulatory, clinically, and commercially viable. Then, a discussion of how the scaffolds could be characterized, both morphologically and mechanically, to develop a testing process that is viable for regulatory screening is performed. Finally, an example of a tissue-engineered RPE/scaffold construct is given to provide the reader a framework for understanding how these pieces could fit together to develop a tissue-engineered RPE/scaffold construct that could pass regulatory scrutiny and can be commercially successful. C1 [Hotaling, Nathan A.; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hotaling, Nathan A.; Sharma, Ruchi; Jha, Balendu Shekhar; Bharti, Kapil] NEI, Unit Ocular & Stem Cell Translat Res, NIH, 10 Ctr Dr,Bldg 10,Room 10B10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Khristov, Vladimir; Wan, Qin; Lotfi, Mostafa; Maminishkis, Arvydas] NEI, Sect Epithelial & Retinal Physiol & Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hotaling, NA; Bharti, K (reprint author), NEI, Unit Ocular & Stem Cell Translat Res, NIH, 10 Ctr Dr,Bldg 10,Room 10B10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM nathan.Hotaling@nih.gov; kapilbharti@nei.nih.gov OI Hotaling, Nathan/0000-0001-8423-6464 FU NEI Intramural Funds; NIH CRM; NIH FX This work was, in part, supported by NEI Intramural Funds, NIH CRM, and NIH Common Fund grants to K. Bharti. The authors would like to thank Kiel Gramley from FibeRio Technology Corporation for giving the SEM image of melt spun fibers in Fig. 3C. This article, a contribution of NIST, is not subject to US copyright. Certain equipment and instruments or materials are identified in the article to adequately specify nanofiber production capabilities. Such identification does not imply recommendation by NIH/NIST, nor does it imply that the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 129 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1080-7683 EI 1557-7732 J9 J OCUL PHARMACOL TH JI J. Ocular Pharmacol. Ther. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 5 SI SI BP 272 EP 285 DI 10.1089/jop.2015.0157 PG 14 WC Ophthalmology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Ophthalmology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA DN9KW UT WOS:000377399500006 PM 27110730 ER PT J AU Copp, SM Schultz, D Swasey, SM Faris, A Gwinn, EG AF Copp, Stacy M. Schultz, Danielle Swasey, Steven M. Faris, Alexis Gwinn, Elisabeth G. TI Cluster Plasmonics: Dielectric and Shape Effects on DNA-Stabilized Silver Clusters SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Metal cluster; fluorescence; Mie-Gans theory; DNA; dielectric sensing ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GOLD NANORODS; B-DNA; EXCITATION-SPECTRA; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; A-DNA; FLUORESCENT; NANOPARTICLES; RESONANCE; SURFACE AB This work investigates the effects of dielectric environment and cluster shape on electronic excitations of fluorescent DNA-stabilized silver clusters, Ag-N-DNA. We first establish that the longitudinal plasmon wavelengths predicted by classical Mie-Gans (MG) theory agree with previous quantum calculations for excitation wavelengths of linear silver atom chains, even for clusters of just a few atoms. Application of MG theory to Ag-N-DNA with 400-850 nm cluster excitation wavelengths indicates that these clusters are characterized by a collective excitation process and suggests effective cluster thicknesses of similar to 2 silver atoms and aspect ratios of 1.5 to 5. To investigate sensitivity to the surrounding medium, we measure the wavelength shifts produced by addition of glycerol. These are smaller than reported for much larger gold nanoparticles but easily detectable due to narrower line widths, suggesting that Ag-N-DNA may have potential for fluorescence-reported changes in dielectric environment at length scales of similar to 1 nm. C1 [Copp, Stacy M.; Faris, Alexis; Gwinn, Elisabeth G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Schultz, Danielle; Swasey, Steven M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Schultz, Danielle] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8543, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gwinn, EG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM bgwinn@physics.ucsb.edu OI Copp, Stacy/0000-0002-1788-1778 FU NSF [CHE-1213895, DMR-1309410, NSF-DGE-1144085] FX This work was funded by NSF grants CHE-1213895 and DMR-1309410. S.M.C. acknowledges support from NSF-DGE-1144085 (NSF Fellowship). NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 19 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3594 EP 3599 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00723 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DO2WW UT WOS:000377642700027 PM 27187492 ER PT J AU Prakash, S Momin, IM Mitra, AK Bhattacharjee, PS Yang, FL Tallapragada, V AF Prakash, Satya Momin, Imranali M. Mitra, Ashis K. Bhattacharjee, Partha S. Yang, Fanglin Tallapragada, Vijay TI An Early Assessment of Medium Range Monsoon Precipitation Forecasts from the Latest High-Resolution NCEP-GFS (T1534) Model over South Asia SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Numerical weather prediction; South Asian monsoon rainfall; medium range weather forecast; error decomposition; forecast improvement factor ID SUMMER MONSOON; PREDICTION; RAINFALL; SYSTEM AB Reliable prediction of the South Asian monsoon rainfall and its variability is crucial for various hydrological applications and early warning systems. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction-Global Forecast System (NCEP-GFS) is one of the popular global deterministic numerical weather prediction models, which is recently upgraded from T574 to T1534. In this paper, medium range monsoon precipitation forecasts from both the T1534 and T574 models are critically evaluated over the South Asia for the peak monsoon months (July and August) of 2015. Although both the versions of GFS model show similar large-scale monsoon rainfall patterns, the dry bias over the northwest India and equatorial Indian Ocean is noticeably improved in day-1 through day-5 forecasts in the new high-resolution T1534 model. The error decomposition analysis shows similar error characteristics in the monsoon rainfall prediction from both the versions of GFS model, in general. However, forecast improvement factor shows 10-30 % improvement in precipitation forecast from the latest T1534 model over most parts of the South Asia. These preliminary analyses suggest that a suitable bias-correction to the GFS model precipitation forecasts will be useful for any specific application. C1 [Prakash, Satya] CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Momin, Imranali M.; Mitra, Ashis K.] ESSO MoES, Natl Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Noida, UP, India. [Bhattacharjee, Partha S.; Yang, Fanglin] IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA NWS Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Tallapragada, Vijay] NOAA NWS Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. RP Prakash, S (reprint author), CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. EM spsharma_01@yahoo.co.in RI Bhattacharjee, Partha/B-1620-2009; OI Bhattacharjee, Partha/0000-0003-1117-0649; Prakash, Satya/0000-0002-1324-1597 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 173 IS 6 BP 2215 EP 2225 DI 10.1007/s00024-016-1248-5 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DO4AB UT WOS:000377722800021 ER PT J AU Colle, R Laureano-Perez, L Bergeron, DE AF Colle, R. Laureano-Perez, L. Bergeron, D. E. TI Comparison of tritiated-water standards by liquid scintillation for calibration of a new Standard Reference Material (R) SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen-3; Liquid scintillation (LS); NIST; Standard; Standard reference material (SRM); Triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR); Tritium ID MICELLE SIZE; SPECTROMETRY; DETECTORS; FRENCH AB A new National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tritiated-water H-(3-labeled oxidane) standard was prepared and calibrated. It is the 17th in a series of linked standards since 1954 and will be disseminated as Standard Reference Material (R) SRM 4927G, having a massic activity of 544.2 kBq g(-1), with an expanded (k=2) relative standard uncertainty of 0.96%, at a Reference Time of 1200 EST, 1 May 2015. The calibration is based on relative liquid scintillation (LS) measurements using quench-varied efficiency tracing with two previous 1999 issues, viz., SRM 4927F and 4926E. Measurement comparisons were also made with respect to a 1994 tritiated-water French national standard and to a tritiated-water solution measured by 19 laboratories as part of an international measurement comparison organized by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) in 2009. Confirmatory measurements for the massic activity of both SRM 4927F and 4927G by a triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) technique were also made. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Colle, R.; Laureano-Perez, L.; Bergeron, D. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bergeron, DE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rcolle@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 112 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.03.004 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DM9QV UT WOS:000376701700007 PM 27010939 ER PT J AU Chen, S Nichols, KM Poynton, HC Sepulveda, MS AF Chen, Shuai Nichols, Krista M. Poynton, Helen C. Sepulveda, Maria S. TI MicroRNAs are involved in cadmium tolerance in Daphnia pulex SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Daphnia; MicroRNA; Toleranec; Heavy metal; Metallothioneins ID GENE-EXPRESSION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MAGNA-STRAUS; 2 CLONES; RESPONSES; RESISTANCE; EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTION; BIOKINETICS; TOXICITY AB Daphnia can develop tolerance to cadmium (Cd) after multi-generational exposures. Until now, Cd tolerance in this crustacean was thought to be mainly due to its sequestration via induction of metallothioneins (MTs). Our research supports other studies showing microRNAs (miRNAs) also play a role in this enhanced tolerance. We induced Cd tolerance in Daphnia pulex after exposing them for 25 generations and examined the maintenance of enhanced Cd tolerance under a Cd-free environment for an additional three generations. Acute Cd tolerance as well as long-term effects on population dynamics were measured in selected generations via 48 h LC50 tests and 21 d reproductive tests, respectively. Cd tolerance was associated with differential expression of 10 miRNAs (miR-2, miR-33, miR-92, miR-96, miR-153, miR-252, miR-279, miR-283, miR-305 and miR-615). Pathway analysis revealed these miRNAs might increase Cd tolerance by suppressing cellular growth and proliferation by GTPase and cuticle protein pathways, which switch cellular energy allocation to detoxification processes. Moreover, we found increased Cd tolerance is related with induction of MT3 and MT4 and a subsequent downregulation of MT1 and MT3 expression when animals are moved to a Cd-free environment. This is the first study linking aquatic invertebrate miRNAs with induced tolerance to environmental stressors. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Shuai; Nichols, Krista M.; Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nichols, Krista M.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Poynton, Helen C.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Chen, Shuai] Washington Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, St Louis, MO USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mssepulv@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, IN FX The authors thank Cameron Gerber, Purdue University, IN and Yu Gao, Huazhong Agricultural University, China for their help with the Daphnia culture. We also thank Dr. Don Gilbert, Indiana University, IN for his constructive suggestions on the D. pulex genome analysis. The authors thankfully acknowledge funding from the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, IN in the form of an assistantship for Shuai Chen. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 175 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.03.023 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA DN1AH UT WOS:000376797700025 PM 27078211 ER PT J AU Sommers, F Mudrock, E Labenia, J Baldwin, D AF Sommers, Frank Mudrock, Emma Labenia, Jana Baldwin, David TI Effects of salinity on olfactory toxicity and behavioral responses of juvenile salmonids from copper SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avoidance; Copper; Structure; Behavior; Olfaction ID CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; FISH BEHAVIOR; URBAN RUNOFF; AVOIDANCE; SYSTEM; WATER; POLLUTANTS AB Dissolved copper is one of the more pervasive and toxic constituents of stormwater runoff and is commonly found in stream, estuary, and coastal marine habitats of juvenile salmon. While stormwater runoff does not usually carry copper concentrations high enough to result in acute lethality, they are of concern because sublethal concentrations of copper exposure have been shown to both impair olfactory function and alter behavior in various species in freshwater. To compare these results to other environments that salmon are likely to encounter, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of salinity on the impairment of olfactory function and avoidance of copper. Copper concentrations well within the range of those found in urban watersheds, have been shown to diminish or eliminate the olfactory response to the amino acid, L-serine in freshwater using electro-olfactogram (EOG) techniques. The olfactory responses of both freshwater-phase and seawater-phase coho and seawater-phase Chinook salmon, were tested in freshwater or seawater, depending on phase, and freshwater-phase coho at an intermediate salinity of 10 parts per thousand. Both 10 parts per thousand salinity and full strength seawater protected against the effects of 50 mu g copper/L. In addition to impairing olfactory response, copper has also been shown to alter salmon behavior by causing an avoidance response. To determine whether copper will cause avoidance behavior at different salinities, experiments were conducted using a multi-chambered experimental tank. The circular tank was divided into six segments by water currents so that copper could be contained within one segment yet fish could move freely between them. The presence of individual fish in each of the segments was counted before and after introduction of dissolved copper (<20 mu g/L) to one of the segments in both freshwater and seawater. To address whether use of preferred habitat is altered by the presence of copper, experiments were also conducted with a submerged structural element. The presence of sub-lethal levels of dissolved copper altered the behavior of juvenile Chinook salmon by inducing an avoidance response in both freshwater and seawater. While increased salinity is protective against loss of olfactory function from dissolved copper, avoidance could potentially affect behaviors beneficial to growth, survival and reproductive success. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sommers, Frank; Labenia, Jana; Baldwin, David] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Mudrock, Emma] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. RP Sommers, F (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Frank.Sommers@noaa.gov; Emma.Mudrock@noaa.gov; Jana.Labenia@noaa.gov; David.Baldwin@noaa.gov FU Wallace River Hatchery for Chinook salmon; San Francisco Estuary Institute Regional Monitoring Program; Northwest Fisheries Science Center Internal Grants Program FX The authors would like to thank Julann Spromberg and Barbara French for assistance with collecting data, Abby Fuhrman and Mark Tagal for assistance with fish husbandry, the Wallace River Hatchery for Chinook salmon, San Francisco Estuary Institute Regional Monitoring Program and the Northwest Fisheries Science Center Internal Grants Program for funding, Ron Johnson and Maria Bastaki for comments on this work. We would also like to thank the reviewers for their excellent work improving this manuscript. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 175 BP 260 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.001 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA DN1AH UT WOS:000376797700027 PM 27082980 ER PT J AU Bejarano, AC Farr, JK Jenne, P Chu, V Hielscher, A AF Bejarano, Adriana C. Farr, James K. Jenne, Polly Chu, Valerie Hielscher, Al TI THE CHEMICAL AQUATIC FATE AND EFFECTS DATABASE (CAFE), A TOOL THAT SUPPORTS ASSESSMENTS OF CHEMICAL SPILLS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Interactive tool; Environmental fate; Aquatic toxicity; Species sensitivity distributions; Hazard concentrations ID SPECIES SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; INTERSPECIES CORRELATION MODELS; TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY; RIVER; PREDICTION; WILDLIFE AB The Chemical Aquatic Fate and Effects (CAFE) database is a centralized repository that allows for rapid and unrestricted access to data. Information in CAFE is integrated into a user-friendly tool with modules containing fate and effects data for 32 377 and 4498 chemicals, respectively. Toxicity data are summarized in the form of species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) with associated 1st and 5th percentile hazard concentrations (HCs). An assessment of data availability relative to reported chemical incidents showed that CAFE had fate and toxicity data for 32 and 20 chemicals, respectively, of 55 chemicals reported in the US National Response Center database (2000-2014), and fate and toxicity data for 86 and 103, respectively, of 205 chemicals reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2003-2014). Modeled environmental concentrations of 2 hypothetical spills (acrylonitrile, 625 barrels; and denatured ethanol, 857 barrels) were used to demonstrate CAFE's practical application. Most species in the 24-h SSD could be potentially impacted by acrylonitrile and denatured ethanol during the first 35 min and 15 h post spill, respectively, with concentrations falling below their HC5s (17 mg/L and 2676 mg/L) at 45 min and 60 h post spill, respectively. Comparisons of CAFE-based versus published HC5 values for 100 chemicals showed that nearly half of values were within a 2-fold difference, with a relatively small number of comparisons exceeding a 10-fold difference. The development of CAFE facilitates access to relevant environmental information, with potential uses likely expanding beyond those related to assessment of spills in aquatic environments. (C) 2015 SETAC C1 [Bejarano, Adriana C.] Res Planning, Columbia, SC USA. [Farr, James K.; Jenne, Polly] NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. [Chu, Valerie; Hielscher, Al] Genwest Syst, Edmonds, WA USA. RP Bejarano, AC (reprint author), Res Planning, Columbia, SC USA. EM abejarano@researchplanning.com NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1576 EP 1586 DI 10.1002/etc.3289 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DN4JN UT WOS:000377031900029 PM 26497000 ER PT J AU Gagin, A Levin, I AF Gagin, Anton Levin, Igor TI Applications of Bayesian corrections for systematic errors in Rietveld refinements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Rietveld refinements; errors; Bayesian statistics ID DENSITY-FUNCTION AB Recently, a Bayesian statistics approach for correction of systematic errors in Rietveld refinements has been developed and implemented as a patch to GSAS-II. This paper demonstrates the benefits of the proposed method in a series of structural refinements from diffraction data collected for one sample using four different powder diffractometers, i.e. synchrotron and laboratory X-ray and two time-of-flight neutron instruments. Differences between the parameters estimated while fitting these four data sets provided magnitudes of the systematic errors while also highlighting the efficacy of the Bayesian procedure for their correction. Structural parameters estimated from the standard Rietveld refinements using the four data sets differed significantly. In all cases, the agreement improved markedly after applying the Bayesian error-correction procedure. The Bayesian refinements were paired with a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, which was implemented as part of the same patch to GSAS-II, to confirm that uncertainties in the refined parameters obtained using the much faster least-squares minimization were realistic. C1 [Gagin, Anton; Levin, Igor] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 49 BP 814 EP 822 DI 10.1107/S1600576716004209 PN 3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA DN4GB UT WOS:000377020600010 ER PT J AU Gu, X Mildner, DFR AF Gu, X. Mildner, D. F. R. TI Ultra-small-angle neutron scattering with azimuthal asymmetry SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE azimuthal asymmetric scattering; double-crystal diffractometers; elliptic scattering contours; slit-height smeared scattering; small-angle neutron scattering ID MICROSTRUCTURE; INSTRUMENT; DESIGN; ROCKS AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements from thin sections of rock samples such as shales demand as great a scattering vector range as possible because the pores cover a wide range of sizes. The limitation of the scattering vector range for pinhole SANS requires slit-smeared ultra-SANS (USANS) measurements that need to be converted to pinhole geometry. The desmearing algorithm is only successful for azimuthally symmetric data. Scattering from samples cut parallel to the plane of bedding is symmetric, exhibiting circular contours on a two-dimensional detector. Samples cut perpendicular to the bedding show elliptically dependent contours with the long axis corresponding to the normal to the bedding plane. A method is given for converting such asymmetric data collected on a double-crystal diffractometer for concatenation with the usual pinhole-geometry SANS data. The aspect ratio from the SANS data is used to modify the slit-smeared USANS data to produce quasi-symmetric contours. Rotation of the sample about the incident beam may result in symmetric data but cannot extract the same information as obtained from pinhole geometry. C1 [Gu, X.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mildner, D. F. R.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mildner, DFR (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.mildner@nist.gov FU Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-OSER15675]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX XG acknowledges support for the use of neutron scattering in the analysis of rock porosity by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, grant No. DE-FG02-OSER15675 to S. L. Brantley, and by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle LLC for the US Department of Energy. This work utilized the NG3 SANS and BT5 USANS instruments at the NCNR, which are supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0944772. We thank Terry Engelder at Pennsylvania State University for providing the shale samples. We also acknowledge helpful discussions with John Barker. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 49 BP 934 EP 943 DI 10.1107/S1600576716005586 PN 3 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA DN4GB UT WOS:000377020600023 ER PT J AU Harris, LM Lin, SJ Tu, CY AF Harris, Lucas M. Lin, Shian-Jiann Tu, ChiaYing TI High-Resolution Climate Simulations Using GFDL HiRAM with a Stretched Global Grid SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID FINITE-VOLUME; AQUAPLANET SIMULATIONS; TROPICAL CYCLONES; ATLANTIC HURRICANES; VARIABLE-RESOLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; COLUMN PHYSICS; DYNAMICAL CORE; GCM; PRECIPITATION AB An analytic Schmidt transformation is used to create locally refined global model grids capable of efficient climate simulation with gridcell widths as small as 10 km in the GFDL High-Resolution Atmosphere Model (HiRAM). This method of grid stretching produces a grid that varies very gradually into the region of enhanced resolution without changing the topology of the model grid and does not require radical changes to the solver. AMIP integrations were carried out with two grids stretched to 10-km minimum gridcell width: one centered over East Asia and the western Pacific warm pool, and the other over the continental United States. Robust improvements to orographic precipitation, the diurnal cycle of warm-season continental precipitation, and tropical cyclone maximum intensity were found in the region of enhanced resolution, compared to 25-km uniform-resolution HiRAM. The variations in grid size were not found to create apparent grid artifacts, and in some measures the global-mean climate improved in the stretched-grid simulations. In the enhancedresolution regions, the number of tropical cyclones was reduced, but the fraction of storms reaching hurricane intensity increased, compared to a uniform-resolution simulation. This behavior was also found in a stretched-grid perpetual-September aquaplanet simulation with 12-km resolution over a part of the tropics. Furthermore, the stretched-grid aquaplanet simulation was also largely free of grid artifacts except for an artificial Walker-type circulation, and simulated an ITCZ in its unrefined region more resembling that of higher-resolution aquaplanet simulations, implying that the unrefined region may also be improved in stretched-grid simulations. The improvements due to stretching are attributable to improved resolution as these stretched-grid simulations were sparingly tuned. C1 [Harris, Lucas M.; Lin, Shian-Jiann] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Tu, ChiaYing] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Harris, LM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM lucas.harris@noaa.gov NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 11 BP 4293 EP 4314 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0389.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN5NN UT WOS:000377116500007 ER PT J AU Jeffries, KM Connon, RE Davis, BE Komoroske, LM Britton, MT Sommer, T Todgham, AE Fangue, NA AF Jeffries, Ken M. Connon, Richard E. Davis, Brittany E. Komoroske, Lisa M. Britton, Monica T. Sommer, Ted Todgham, Anne E. Fangue, Nann A. TI Effects of high temperatures on threatened estuarine fishes during periods of extreme drought SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Longfin smelt; Spirinchus thaleichthys; Delta smelt; Hypomesus transpacificus; Transcriptomics; Endangered fishes ID SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ENDANGERED DELTA SMELT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; HEAT-STRESS; WATER TEMPERATURE; BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY; LIFE-HISTORIES AB Climate change and associated increases in water temperatures may impact physiological performance in ectotherms and exacerbate endangered species declines. We used an integrative approach to assess the impact of elevated water temperature on two fishes of immediate conservation concern in a large estuary system, the threatened longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) and endangered delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus). Abundances have reached record lows in California, USA, and these populations are at imminent risk of extirpation. California is currently impacted by a severe drought, resulting in high water temperatures, conditions that will become more common as a result of climate change. We exposed fish to environmentally relevant temperatures (14 degrees C and 20 degrees C) and used RNA sequencing to examine the transcriptome-wide responses to elevated water temperature in both species. Consistent with having a lower temperature tolerance, longfin smelt exhibited a pronounced cellular stress response, with an upregulation of heat shock proteins, after exposure to 20 degrees C that was not observed in delta smelt. We detected an increase in metabolic rate in delta smelt at 20 degrees C and increased expression of genes involved in metabolic processes and protein synthesis, patterns not observed in longfin smelt. Through examination of responses across multiple levels of biological organization, and by linking these responses to habitat distributions in the wild, we demonstrate that longfin smelt may be more susceptible than delta smelt to increases in temperatures, and they have little room to tolerate future warming in California. Understanding the species-specific physiological responses of sensitive species to environmental stressors is crucial for conservation efforts and managing aquatic systems globally. C1 [Jeffries, Ken M.; Connon, Richard E.; Komoroske, Lisa M.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jeffries, Ken M.; Davis, Brittany E.; Komoroske, Lisa M.; Fangue, Nann A.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Davis, Brittany E.; Todgham, Anne E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Britton, Monica T.] Univ Calif Davis, Bioinformat Core Facil, Genome Ctr, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sommer, Ted] Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Serv, POB 94, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. [Komoroske, Lisa M.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, San Diego, CA 92037 USA. RP Jeffries, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.; Jeffries, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kenmjeffries@gmail.com FU California Department of Water Resources [4600010040]; State and Federal Contractors Water Agency [16-13-1]; University of California Agricultural Experiment Station [2098-H, 2252-H, 2253-RR]; Delta Science Doctoral Fellowship from Delta Stewardship Council [R/SF-56]; Delta Science Postdoctoral Fellowship grant from Delta Stewardship Council [R/SF-60] FX Funding for this project was provided by the California Department of Water Resources (grant 4600010040 to N.A.F. and R.E.C.), the State and Federal Contractors Water Agency (grant 16-13-1 to R.E.C.), the University of California Agricultural Experiment Station (grant 2098-H to N.A.F. and grants 2252-H and 2253-RR to A.E.T.), a Delta Science Doctoral Fellowship from the Delta Stewardship Council to L.M.K. (R/SF-56), and a Delta Science Postdoctoral Fellowship grant from the Delta Stewardship Council to K.M.J. (R/SF-60). NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 27 U2 44 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 219 IS 11 BP 1705 EP 1716 DI 10.1242/jeb.134528 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DN2EX UT WOS:000376878000021 PM 27252456 ER PT J AU Qi, YC Martinaitis, S Zhang, J Cocks, S AF Qi, Youcun Martinaitis, Steven Zhang, Jian Cocks, Stephen TI A Real-Time Automated Quality Control of Hourly Rain Gauge Data Based on Multiple Sensors in MRMS System SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Observational techniques and algorithms; Algorithms; Data quality control; Radars; Radar observations; Surface observations ID UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION GAUGE; ACCURACY; NETWORK; ADJUSTMENT AB Automated rain gauge networks provide direct measurements of precipitation and have been used for numerous applications, such as generating regional and national precipitation maps, calibrating remote sensing quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE), and validating hydrological and meteorological model predictions. However, automated gauge observations are prone to be affected by a variety of error sources and require a careful quality-control (QC) procedure. Many previous gauge QC techniques were based on spatiotemporal checks within the gauge network itself, and their effectiveness can be dependent on gauge densities and precipitation regimes. The current study takes advantage of the multisensor data sources in the Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system and develops an automated and computationally efficient gauge QC scheme based on the consistency of hourly gauge and radar QPE observations. Radar and gauge error characteristics related to radar sampling geometry, precipitation regimes, and freezing-level height is utilized within this scheme. This QC scheme is evaluated by testing its capability to identify suspect gauges and comparing the ability to quality-controlled gauges through statistical and spatial comparisons of gauge-influenced gridded QPE products. Spatial analysis of the gridded QPE products in MRMS resulted in a more physical spatial QPE distribution using quality-controlled gauges versus the same product created with non-quality-controlled gauge data. C1 [Qi, Youcun; Martinaitis, Steven; Cocks, Stephen] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Qi, Youcun; Martinaitis, Steven; Zhang, Jian; Cocks, Stephen] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Qi, YC (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM youcun.qi@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1675 EP 1691 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0188.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN5JU UT WOS:000377103500003 ER PT J AU Bienek, DR Filliben, JJ AF Bienek, Diane R. Filliben, James J. TI Risk assessment and sensitivity meta-analysis of alveolar osteitis occurrence in oral contraceptive users SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE ADA Foundation; women's health; tooth extraction; risk assessment ID MANDIBULAR 3RD MOLAR; POSTOPERATIVE LOCALIZED OSTEITIS; DRY SOCKET; SURGICAL REMOVAL; CHLORHEXIDINE RINSE; FIBRINOLYTIC-ACTIVITY; 3RD-MOLAR SURGERY; EXTRACTION SITES; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; SICCA DOLOROSA AB Background. In this study, the authors conducted an alveolar osteitis (AO) risk assessment and global sensitivity meta-analysis within populations using oral contraceptives (OCs). Sex, smoking, and timing within the menstrual cycle were considered as factors. Types of Studies Reviewed. Eligibility criteria for inclusion of a study in the meta-analysis were experimental or medical record survey data evaluating AO and OC use, ability to draw pairwise comparisons for factors of interest, and description of the number of AO events relative to the number of participants in the respective group. Results. The risk ratio of AO in females not using OCs was 1.2 greater (P <= .05) than that in males. Among females, OC use significantly increased (P <= .05) the average risk of AO occurrence by nearly 2-fold (13.9% versus 7.5%). There was no statistical evidence of lower risk in females menstruating at the time of exodontia. In 85.7% of the studies, smokers had an overall higher rate (P <=. 05) of AO than did nonsmokers. Conclusions and Practical Implications. To mitigate the increased risk of AO occurrence in females, the dentist should be cognizant of patients using OCs and smoking tobacco. C1 [Bienek, Diane R.] ADA Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Filliben, James J.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bienek, DR (reprint author), ADA Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bienekd@ada.org NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 EI 1943-4723 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 147 IS 6 BP 394 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.01.011 PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA DN4JT UT WOS:000377032600014 PM 27017181 ER PT J AU Fowler, LD Skamarock, WC Grell, GA Freitas, SR Duda, MG AF Fowler, Laura D. Skamarock, William C. Grell, Georg A. Freitas, Saulo R. Duda, Michael G. TI Analyzing the Grell-Freitas Convection Scheme from Hydrostatic to Nonhydrostatic Scales within a Global Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Deep convection; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Precipitation; Models and modeling; Convective parameterization; Model evaluation; performance; Nonhydrostatic models ID TIME INTEGRATION; PART I; PARAMETERIZATION; SYSTEM; CLOUD; ENSEMBLE; WEATHER; LAND; REPRESENTATION; PRECIPITATION AB The authors implemented the Grell-Freitas (GF) parameterization of convection in which the cloud-base mass flux varies quadratically as a function of the convective updraft fraction in the global nonhydrostatic Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS). They evaluated the performance of GF using quasi-uniform meshes and a variable-resolution mesh centered over South America, the resolution of which varied between hydrostatic (50 km) and nonhydrostatic (3 km) scales. Four-day forecasts using a 50-km and a 15-km quasi-uniform mesh, initialized with GFS data for 0000 UTC 10 January 2014, reveal that MPAS overestimates precipitation in the tropics relative to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis data. Results of 4-day forecasts using the variable-resolution mesh reveal that over the refined region of the mesh, GF performs as a precipitating shallow convective scheme, whereas over the coarse region of the mesh, GF acts as a conventional deep convective scheme. As horizontal resolution increases and subgrid-scale motions become increasingly resolved, the contribution of convective and grid-scale precipitation to the total precipitation decreases and increases, respectively. Probability density distributions of precipitation highlight a smooth transition in the partitioning between convective and grid-scale precipitation, including at gray-zone scales across the transition region between the coarsest and finest regions of the global mesh. Variable-resolution meshes spanning between hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic scales are shown to be ideal tools to evaluate the horizontal scale dependence of parameterized convective and grid-scale moist processes. C1 [Fowler, Laura D.; Skamarock, William C.; Duda, Michael G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Grell, Georg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Freitas, Saulo R.] INPE, Ctr Weather Forecasting & Climate Studies, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Fowler, LD (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM laura@ucar.edu RI Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012 OI Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X FU Disaster Relief Appropriations Act; FAPESP [2014/01563-1] FX This research was partially supported by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013. Dr. S. R. Freitas acknowledges partial support by FAPESP (2014/01563-1). The TMPA data used in this effort were acquired as part of part the activities of NASA's Science Mission Directorate and are archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 144 IS 6 BP 2285 EP 2306 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0311.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DO0DN UT WOS:000377449700002 ER PT J AU Zhu, WQ Esteban, R Borisov, AG Baumberg, JJ Nordlander, P Lezec, HJ Aizpurua, J Crozier, KB AF Zhu, Wenqi Esteban, Ruben Borisov, Andrei G. Baumberg, Jeremy J. Nordlander, Peter Lezec, Henri J. Aizpurua, Javier Crozier, Kenneth B. TI Quantum mechanical effects in plasmonic structures with subnanometre gaps SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Review ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-MOLECULE JUNCTIONS; GOLD NANOPARTICLE DIMERS; FIELD ENHANCEMENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOWIRE DIMERS; ATOMIC-SCALE; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES AB Metallic structures with nanogap features have proven highly effective as building blocks for plasmonic systems, as they can provide a wide tuning range of operating frequencies and large near-field enhancements. Recent work has shown that quantum mechanical effects such as electron tunnelling and nonlocal screening become important as the gap distances approach the subnanometre length-scale. Such quantum effects challenge the classical picture of nanogap plasmons and have stimulated a number of theoretical and experimental studies. This review outlines the findings of many groups into quantum mechanical effects in nanogap plasmons, and discusses outstanding challenges and future directions. C1 [Zhu, Wenqi; Lezec, Henri J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, Wenqi] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Esteban, Ruben; Borisov, Andrei G.; Aizpurua, Javier] Univ Basque Country, CSIC, Ctr Phys Mat, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Esteban, Ruben; Borisov, Andrei G.; Aizpurua, Javier] DIPC, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Borisov, Andrei G.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Sci Mol Orsay, UMR 8214, Batiment 351, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Baumberg, Jeremy J.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Nanophoton Ctr, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Nordlander, Peter] Rice Univ, Dept Phys, Lab Nanophoton, MS61, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Crozier, Kenneth B.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Crozier, Kenneth B.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Aizpurua, J (reprint author), Univ Basque Country, CSIC, Ctr Phys Mat, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain.; Aizpurua, J (reprint author), DIPC, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain.; Crozier, KB (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.; Crozier, KB (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM aizpurua@ehu.es; kcrozier@unimelb.edu.au RI DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014; Nordlander, Peter/A-2560-2008; Esteban, Ruben/B-9669-2014; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; CROZIER, KENNETH/J-7143-2016; OI Aizpurua, Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589; Nordlander, Peter/0000-0002-1633-2937; CROZIER, KENNETH/0000-0003-0947-001X; Baumberg, Jeremy/0000-0002-9606-9488 FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Australian Research Council [DP150103736, FT140100577]; Victorian Endowment for Science, Knowledge and Innovation (VESKI); FEDER funds of the European Union 'Una manera de hacer Europa'; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [FIS2013-41184-P]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB15H321]; UK EPSRC [EP/G060649/1, EP/L027151/1, EP/G037221/1]; EPSRC NanoDTC; ERC [LINASS 320503]; Robert A. Welch foundation [C-1222]; Air Force Office of Science and Research [FA9550-15-1-0022] FX We thank A. Agrawal, A.K. Kazansky, A. Liddle, D.C. Marinica, R. McMichael, D. Sanchez-Portal, V. Silkin and C. Zhao for discussions. W.Z. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award no. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. K.B.C. acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council's Discovery Projects (project number DP150103736) and Future Fellowship (project number FT140100577) funding schemes and from the Victorian Endowment for Science, Knowledge and Innovation (VESKI). R.E. acknowledges the Fellow Gipuzkoa of the Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia through FEDER funds of the European Union 'Una manera de hacer Europa'. R.E. and J.A. acknowledge Project FIS2013-41184-P of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and federal grant 70NANB15H321 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). A.G.B. acknowledges warm hospitality of Donostia International Physics Center. J.J.B. acknowledges support from UK EPSRC grants EP/G060649/1, EP/L027151/1, EP/G037221/1, EPSRC NanoDTC and ERC grant LINASS 320503. P.N. acknowledges support from the Robert A. Welch foundation under grant C-1222 and the Air Force Office of Science and Research under grant FA9550-15-1-0022. NR 132 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 91 U2 153 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 AR 11495 DI 10.1038/ncomms11495 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DN6ZT UT WOS:000377225800001 PM 27255556 ER PT J AU Sun, S Kim, H Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Sun, Shuo Kim, Hyochul Solomon, Glenn S. Waks, Edo TI A quantum phase switch between a single solid-state spin and a photon SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOT SPIN; CRYSTAL CAVITY; ATOM; ENTANGLEMENT; NETWORK; QUBIT; GATE AB Interactions between single spins and photons are essential for quantum networks and distributed quantum computation. Achieving spin-photon interactions in a solid-state device could enable compact chip-integrated quantum circuits operating at gigahertz bandwidths. Many theoretical works have suggested using spins embedded in nanophotonic structures to attain this high-speed interface. These proposals implement a quantum switch where the spin flips the state of the photon and a photon flips the spin state. However, such a switch has not yet been realized using a solid-state spin system. Here, we report an experimental realization of a spin-photon quantum switch using a single solid-state spin embedded in a nanophotonic cavity. We show that the spin state strongly modulates the polarization of a reflected photon, and a single reflected photon coherently rotates the spin state. These strong spin-photon interactions open up a promising direction for solid-state implementations of high-speed quantum networks and on-chip quantum information processors using nanophotonic devices. C1 [Sun, Shuo; Kim, Hyochul; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM edowaks@umd.edu OI Sun, Shuo/0000-0003-4171-0466 FU DARPA QUINESS program [W31P4Q1410003]; Physics Frontier Centre at the Joint Quantum Institute; National Science Foundation [PHYS.1415458] FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from the DARPA QUINESS program (grant number W31P4Q1410003), the Physics Frontier Centre at the Joint Quantum Institute, and the National Science Foundation (grant number PHYS.1415458). NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 23 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 EI 1748-3395 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 11 IS 6 BP 539 EP + DI 10.1038/NNANO.2015.334 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DO0NY UT WOS:000377476800013 PM 26854569 ER PT J AU Li, Q Davanco, M Srinivasan, K AF Li, Qing Davanco, Marcelo Srinivasan, Kartik TI Efficient and low-noise single-photon-level frequency conversion interfaces using silicon nanophotonics SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDES; WAVELENGTH CONVERSION; BRAGG SCATTERING; CHIP; MICROCAVITIES; RESONATORS; DESIGN; MODE; MICRORESONATOR; TRANSLATION AB Optical frequency conversion has applications ranging from tunable light sources to telecommunications-band interfaces for quantum information science. Here, we demonstrate efficient, low-noise frequency conversion on a nanophotonic chip through four-wave-mixing Bragg scattering in compact (footprint < 0.5 x 10(-4) cm(2)) Si3N4 microring resonators. We investigate three frequency conversion configurations: spectral translation over a few nanometres within the 980 nm band; upconversion from 1,550 nm to 980 nm; and downconversion from 980 nm to 1,550 nm. With conversion efficiencies ranging from 25% for the first process to >60% for the last two processes, a signal conversion bandwidth of >1 GHz, a required continuous-wave pump power of <60 mW and background noise levels between a few femtowatts and a few picowatts, these devices are suitable for quantum frequency conversion of single-photon states from InAs/GaAs quantum dots. Simulations based on coupled mode equations and the Lugiato-Lefever equation are used to model device performance, and show quantitative agreement with measurements. C1 [Li, Qing; Davanco, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Qing] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Li, Q; Srinivasan, K (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Li, Q (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM qing.li@nist.gov; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov FU University of Maryland; NIST-CNST [70NANB10H193] FX Q.L. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST-CNST (award no. 70NANB10H193). The authors thank J. Liu for help with using the grating spectrometer for the noise measurement, L. Van Der Vegt from Yenista Optics for the loan of a 1,550 nm tunable filter and S. Papp from NIST Boulder for comments. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 22 U2 43 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD JUN PY 2016 VL 10 IS 6 BP 406 EP + DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2016.64 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA DO0NV UT WOS:000377476500019 ER PT J AU Zong, YQ AF Zong, Yuqin TI From candle to candela SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zong, Yuqin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zong, YQ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuqin.zong@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 12 IS 6 BP 614 EP 614 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DO0NN UT WOS:000377475700024 ER PT J AU Weisberg, SB Bednarsek, N Feely, RA Chan, F Boehm, AB Sutula, M Ruesink, JL Hales, B Largier, JL Newton, JA AF Weisberg, Stephen B. Bednarsek, Nina Feely, Richard A. Chan, Francis Boehm, Alexandria B. Sutula, Martha Ruesink, Jennifer L. Hales, Burke Largier, John L. Newton, Jan A. TI Water quality criteria for an acidifying ocean: Challenges and opportunities for improvement SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Water quality criteria; Acidification; 303(d); Pteropods ID SEAWATER PH MEASUREMENTS; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; SHELLFISH INDUSTRY; LIMACINA-HELICINA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; COASTAL WATERS; PACIFIC SALMON; WILLAPA BAY; PINK SALMON AB Acidification has sparked discussion about whether regulatory agencies should place coastal waters on the Clean Water Act 303(d) impaired water bodies list. Here we describe scientific challenges in assessing impairment with existing data, exploring use of both pH and biological criteria. Application of pH criteria is challenging because present coastal pH levels fall within the allowable criteria range, but the existing criteria allow for pH levels that are known to cause extensive biological damage. Moreover, some states express their water quality criteria as change from natural conditions, but the spatio-temporal distribution and quality of existing coastal pH data are insufficient to define natural condition. Biological criteria require that waters be of sufficient quality to support resident biological communities and are relevant because a number of biological communities have declined over the last several decades. However, the scientific challenge is differentiating those declines from natural population cycles and positively associating them with acidification-related water quality stress. We present two case studies, one for pteropods and one for oysters, which illustrate the opportunities, challenges and uncertainties associated with implementing biological criteria. The biggest challenge associated with these biological assessments is lack of co-location between long-term biological and chemical monitoring, which inhibits the ability to connect biological response with an acidification stressor. Developing new, ecologically relevant water quality criteria for acidification and augmenting coastal water monitoring at spatiotemporal scales appropriate to those criteria would enhance opportunities for effective use of water quality regulations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weisberg, Stephen B.; Sutula, Martha] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Bednarsek, Nina] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, 3707 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Chan, Francis] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Boehm, Alexandria B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ruesink, Jennifer L.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, POB 35100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hales, Burke] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmosphere Sci, 104 CEOAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Largier, John L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, POB 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Newton, Jan A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Washington Ocean Acidificat Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Weisberg, SB (reprint author), Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. EM stevew@sccwrp.org RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 126 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.03.010 PG 11 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA DN1QK UT WOS:000376840300004 ER PT J AU Micheli, F Heiman, KW Kappel, CV Martone, RG Sethi, SA Osio, GC Fraschetti, S Shelton, AO Tanner, JM AF Micheli, Fiorenza Heiman, Kimberly W. Kappel, Carrie V. Martone, Rebecca G. Sethi, Suresh A. Osio, Giacomo C. Fraschetti, Simonetta Shelton, Andrew O. Tanner, Jacqui M. TI Combined impacts of natural and human disturbances on rocky shore communities SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Multiple stressors; Waves; Trampling; Coastal management; Marine conservation ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; STRESSORS; RECOVERY; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; ASSEMBLAGE; CALIFORNIA; ROLES; BEDS AB Most ecosystems are subject to both natural and human disturbances that can combine to influence populations and assemblages in complex ways. Assessing the relative influences and combined impacts of natural and human disturbance is crucial for managing human uses of ecosystems against the backdrop of their natural variability. We evaluated the separate and combined influences of disturbance from storm waves and disturbance associated with human trampling of rocky shores by conducting an experiment mimicking controlled levels of trampling at sites with different wave exposures, and before and after a major storm event in central California, USA. Results show that trampling and storm waves affected the same taxa and have comparable and additive effects on rocky shore assemblages. Both disturbance types caused significant reduction in percent cover of mussels and erect macroalgae, and resulted in significant re-organization of assemblages associated with these habitat-forming taxa. A single extreme storm event caused similar percent cover losses of mussels and erect macroalgae as did 6 12 months of trampling. Contrary to a predicted synergistic effect of trampling and storm damage, we found that impacts from each disturbance combined additively. Mussel beds in wave-exposed sites are more vulnerable to trampling impacts than algal beds at protected sites. Mussels and erect macroalgae recovered within five years after trampling stopped. These results suggest that impacts from local human use can be reversed in relatively short time frames, and that cumulative impacts can be reduced by setting recreational carrying capacities more conservatively when ecosystems are already exposed to frequent and/or intense natural disturbances. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Micheli, Fiorenza; Tanner, Jacqui M.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Heiman, Kimberly W.] Muhlenberg Coll, Dept Biol, 2400 Chew St, Allentown, PA 18104 USA. [Kappel, Carrie V.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93103 USA. [Martone, Rebecca G.] Ctr Ocean Solut, 99 Pacific St,Suite 555E, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Sethi, Suresh A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Osio, Giacomo C.] EC Joint Res Ctr JRC, IPSC, Maritime Affairs Unit, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Fraschetti, Simonetta] Univ Salento, CoNISMa, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Shelton, Andrew O.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Micheli, F (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM micheli@stanford.edu FU Monterey Bay Sanctuary Foundation; Stanford University; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR; National Estuarine Research Reserve System Graduate Fellowship; National Science Foundation; Stanford Graduate Fellowship; European Community [287844]; Italian Ministry of the Research PRIN TETRIS FX This study was funded through a grant from the Monterey Bay Sanctuary Foundation and Stanford University set-up funds and a faculty grant (F.M.), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR and National Estuarine Research Reserve System Graduate Fellowship (K.H.), National Science Foundation and Stanford Graduate Fellowship (C.K.), the European Community's 7th Framework Programmes (FP7/2007-2013) for the project COCO-NET (Grant agreement No. 287844) and the Italian Ministry of the Research PRIN TETRIS (S.F.). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 126 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.03.014 PG 9 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA DN1QK UT WOS:000376840300005 ER PT J AU Simon, CG Lin-Gibson, S Elliott, JT Sarkar, S Plant, AL AF Simon, Carl G., Jr. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Elliott, John T. Sarkar, Sumona Plant, Anne L. TI Strategies for Achieving Measurement Assurance for Cell Therapy Products SO STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Biological assay; Cell- and tissue-based therapy; Quality control; Reference standards AB The cell therapy industry has identified the inability to reliably characterize cells as possibly its greatest challenge and has called for standards and reference materials to provide assurance for measurements of cell properties. The challenges in characterization of cell therapy products can be largely addressed with systematic approaches for assessing sources of uncertainty and improving confidence in key measurements. This article presents the many strategies that can be used to ensure measurement confidence and discusses them in terms of how they can be applied to characterization of cell therapy products. Application of these strategies to cell measurements will help to establish qualified assays for cell characterization, which may help streamline regulatory approval and enable more efficient development of cell therapy products. C1 [Simon, Carl G., Jr.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Elliott, John T.; Sarkar, Sumona; Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 20899 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20832 USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 20899 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20832 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ALPHAMED PRESS PI DURHAM PA 318 BLACKWELL ST, STE 260, DURHAM, NC 27701-2884 USA SN 2157-6564 EI 2157-6580 J9 STEM CELL TRANSL MED JI Stem Cells Transl. Med. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 5 IS 6 BP 705 EP 708 DI 10.5966/sctm.2015-0269 PG 4 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering SC Cell Biology GA DN1OO UT WOS:000376835500009 PM 27386605 ER PT J AU Schantz, MM Cleveland, D Heckert, NA Kucklick, JR Leigh, SD Long, SE Lynch, JM Murphy, KE Olfaz, R Pintar, AL Porter, BJ Rabb, SA Pol, SSV Wise, SA Zeisler, R AF Schantz, Michele M. Cleveland, Danielle Heckert, N. Alan Kucklick, John R. Leigh, Stefan D. Long, Stephen E. Lynch, Jennifer M. Murphy, Karen E. Olfaz, Rabia Pintar, Adam L. Porter, Barbara J. Rabb, Savelas A. Pol, Stacy S. Vander Wise, Stephen A. Zeisler, Rolf TI Development of two fine particulate matter standard reference materials (< 4 mu m and < 10 mu m) for the determination of organic and inorganic constituents SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Air particulate matter; PM; Certified reference material; SRM; PAHs; Nitrated PAHs; Mercury; Arsenic; Lead ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; HUMAN HEALTH; ICP-MS; AIR; EXTRACTION; MERCURY; DIESEL; PM2.5 AB Two new Standard Reference Materials (SRMs), SRM 2786 Fine Particulate Matter (< 4 mu m) and SRM 2787 Fine Particulate Matter (< 10 mu m) have been developed in support of the US Environmental Protection Agency's National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate matter (PM). These materials have been characterized for the mass fractions of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrated PAHs, brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) congeners, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) isomers, sugars, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF) congeners, and inorganic constituents, as well as particle-size characteristics. These materials are the first Certified Reference Materials available to support measurements of both organic and inorganic constituents in fine PM. In addition, values for PAHs are available for RM 8785 Air Particulate Matter on Filter Media. As such, these SRMs will be useful as quality control samples for ensuring compatibility of results among PM monitoring studies and will fill a void to assess the accuracy of analytical methods used in these studies. C1 [Schantz, Michele M.; Cleveland, Danielle; Murphy, Karen E.; Olfaz, Rabia; Porter, Barbara J.; Rabb, Savelas A.; Wise, Stephen A.; Zeisler, Rolf] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heckert, N. Alan; Leigh, Stefan D.; Pintar, Adam L.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kucklick, John R.; Long, Stephen E.; Lynch, Jennifer M.; Pol, Stacy S. Vander] Div Chem Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Schantz, MM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Michele.schantz@nist.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Human Exposure and Atmospheric Science Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, N.C. FX Partial funding support for the preparation and certification of this SRM was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Human Exposure and Atmospheric Science Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, N.C. The particulate matter was collected by J. Kucera and staff from the Nuclear Physics Institute, Prague, Czech Republic. The sugar measurements were performed by P. Louchouarn of the Department of Marine Science and Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, Galveston, TX and College Station, TX, and the PCDD and PCDF measurements were performed by G. Poole of Environment Canada, Environmental Technology Centre, Analysis and Air Quality Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 26 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 408 IS 16 BP 4257 EP 4266 DI 10.1007/s00216-016-9519-7 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DM6IX UT WOS:000376456300006 PM 27074778 ER PT J AU Grachev, AA Leo, LS Di Sabatino, S Fernando, HJS Pardyjak, ER Fairall, CW AF Grachev, Andrey A. Leo, Laura S. Di Sabatino, Silvana Fernando, Harindra J. S. Pardyjak, Eric R. Fairall, Christopher W. TI Structure of Turbulence in Katabatic Flows Below and Above the Wind-Speed Maximum SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Complex terrain; Horizontal heat flux; Katabatic flows; MATERHORN Program; Stable boundary layer ID STABLE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; NOCTURNAL DRAINAGE FLOW; WAVE-DRIVEN WIND; LOW-ANGLE SLOPE; MIDLATITUDE GLACIER; ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS; SIMILARITY THEORY; SURFACE FLUXES; PRANDTL MODEL AB Measurements of small-scale turbulence made in the atmospheric boundary layer over complex terrain during the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) Program are used to describe the structure of turbulence in katabatic flows. Turbulent and mean meteorological data were continuously measured on four towers deployed along the east lower slope (2-4) of Granite Mountain near Salt Lake City in Utah, USA. The multi-level (up to seven) observations made during a 30-day long MATERHORN field campaign in September-October 2012 allowed the study of temporal and spatial structure of katabatic flows in detail, and herein we report turbulence statistics (e.g., fluxes, variances, spectra, and cospectra) and their variations in katabatic flow. Observed vertical profiles show steep gradients near the surface, but in the layer above the slope jet the vertical variability is smaller. It is found that the vertical (normal to the slope) momentum flux and horizontal (along-slope) heat flux in a slope-following coordinate system change their sign below and above the wind maximum of a katabatic flow. The momentum flux is directed downward (upward) whereas the along-slope heat flux is downslope (upslope) below (above) the wind maximum. This suggests that the position of the jet-speed maximum can be obtained by linear interpolation between positive and negative values of the momentum flux (or the along-slope heat flux) to derive the height where the flux becomes zero. It is shown that the standard deviations of all wind-speed components (and therefore of the turbulent kinetic energy) and the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy have a local minimum, whereas the standard deviation of air temperature has an absolute maximum at the height of wind-speed maximum. We report several cases when the destructive effect of vertical heat flux is completely cancelled by the generation of turbulence due to the along-slope heat flux. Turbulence above the wind-speed maximum is decoupled from the surface, and follows the classical local -less predictions for the stably stratified boundary layer. C1 [Grachev, Andrey A.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway,R-PSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Grachev, Andrey A.; Leo, Laura S.; Di Sabatino, Silvana; Fernando, Harindra J. S.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Di Sabatino, Silvana] Univ Bologna, Dept Phys & Astron, Bologna, Italy. [Pardyjak, Eric R.] Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Grachev, AA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway,R-PSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Grachev, AA (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM andrey.grachev@noaa.gov RI Leo, Laura/J-9529-2013; OI Leo, Laura/0000-0003-4103-6862; GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0709]; Army Research Office; Air Force Weather Agency; University of Notre Dame; University of Utah FX The MATERHORN Program was funded by the Office of Naval Research with award # N00014-11-1-0709, with additional funding from the Army Research Office, Air Force Weather Agency, University of Notre Dame, and University of Utah. Special thanks go to Evgeni Fedorovich who pointed out the importance of the horizontal (along-slope) heat flux in the net buoyancy term in the TKE equation and in the modified Monin-Obukhov stability parameter. We also appreciate useful comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers. NR 79 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 159 IS 3 BP 469 EP 494 DI 10.1007/s10546-015-0034-8 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM5TG UT WOS:000376412400002 ER PT J AU Meinen, CS Luther, DS AF Meinen, Christopher S. Luther, Douglas S. TI Structure, transport, and vertical coherence of the Gulf Stream from the Straits of Florida to the Southeast Newfoundland Ridge SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC CURRENT; INVERTED ECHO SOUNDERS; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; DEEP-OCEAN BENEATH; WARM-CORE RING; CAPE-HATTERAS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; APRIL 1982; DEGREES W; KUROSHIO EXTENSION AB Data from three independent and extensive field programs in the Straits of Florida, the Mid-Atlantic Bight, and near the Southeast Newfoundland Ridge are reanalyzed and compared with results from other historical studies to highlight the downstream evolution of several characteristics of the Gulf Stream's mean flow and variability. The three locations represent distinct dynamical regimes: a tightly confined jet in a channel; a freely meandering jet; and a topographically controlled jet on a boundary. Despite these differing dynamical regimes, the Gulf Stream in these areas exhibits many similarities. There are also anticipated and important differences, such as the loss of the warm core of the current by 42 degrees N and the decrease in the cross-frontal gradient of potential vorticity as the current flows northward. As the Gulf Stream evolves it undergoes major changes in transport, both in magnitude and structure. The rate of inflow up to 60 degrees W and outflow thereafter are generally uniform, but do exhibit some remarkable short-scale variations. As the Gulf Stream flows northward the vertical coherence of the flow changes, with the Florida Current and North Atlantic Current segments of the Gulf Stream exhibiting distinct upper and deep flows that are incoherent, while in the Mid-Atlantic Bight the Gulf Stream exhibits flows in three layers each of which tends to be incoherent with the other layers at most periods. These coherence characteristics are exhibited in both Eulerian and stream coordinates. The observed lack of vertical coherence indicates that great caution must be exercised in interpreting proxies for Gulf Stream structure and flow from vertically-limited or remote observations. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Meinen, Christopher S.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Luther, Douglas S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Meinen, CS (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Christopher.Meinen@noaa.gov; dluther@hawaii.edu RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002 FU NOAA Climate Program Office-Climate Observation Division (via Western Boundary Time Series project); NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; NSF [OCE03-52229] FX Rigoberto Garcia helped with some of the 68 degrees W and Straits of Florida calculations. Randy Watts and Karen Tracey provided help with many earlier calculations for the North Atlantic Current, and were invaluable resources in providing the optimally mapped travel time and pressure data sets from the SYNOP Central Array. Libby Johns, Molly Baringer, Bill Johns and Bob Molinari provided several helpful suggestions during the early stages of preparing this manuscript, and the anonymous reviewers made many helpful suggestions for improving the paper. CM was supported in this work by the NOAA Climate Program Office-Climate Observation Division (via the Western Boundary Time Series project) and the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. At U. Hawaii, the work was supported by NSF Grant OCE03-52229. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 112 BP 137 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2016.03.002 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DM7MN UT WOS:000376544800012 ER PT J AU Meinen, CS Luther, DS AF Meinen, Christopher S. Luther, Douglas S. TI Reply to "Comment on: Structure, transport, and vertical coherence of the Gulf Stream from the Straits of Florida to the Southeast Newfoundland Ridge, by Meinen and Luther" by Dana K. Savidge SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EDDIES AB Savidge (2016) raises a concern about how the spatial averaging embodied in our Gulf Stream analysis of vertical coherence (Meinen and Luther, 2016) might contribute to the low coherence found. This response addresses the concerns raised in the Savidge (2016) short comment. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Meinen, Christopher S.] Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Luther, Douglas S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Meinen, CS (reprint author), Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. EM Christopher.Meinen@noaa.gov; dluther@hawaii.edu RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 112 BP 158 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2016.03.003 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DM7MN UT WOS:000376544800014 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Hudson, LT Pereira, N Di Stefano, CA Kuranz, CC Drake, RP Chen, H Williams, GJ Park, J AF Seely, J. F. Hudson, L. T. Pereira, N. Di Stefano, C. A. Kuranz, C. C. Drake, R. P. Chen, Hui Williams, G. J. Park, J. TI Energetic electrons driven in the polarization direction of an intense laser beam incident normal to a solid target SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Multiphoton inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption; Laser-plasma interaction; Relativistic electron propagation ID PLASMA AB Experiments were performed at the LLNL Titan laser to measure the propagation direction of the energetic electrons that were generated during the interaction of the polarized laser beam with solid targets in the case of normal incidence. The energetic electrons propagated through vacuum to spectator metal wires in the polarization direction and in the perpendicular direction, and the K shell spectra from the different wire materials were recorded as functions of the distance from the laser focal spot. It was found that the fluence of the energetic electrons driven into the spectator wires in the polarization direction compared to the perpendicular direction was larger and increased with the distance from the focal spot. This indicates that energetic electrons are preferentially driven in the direction of the intense oscillating electric field of the incident laser beam in agreement with the multiphoton inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption process. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Seely, J. F.] Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Springs Court, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Hudson, L. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pereira, N.] Ecopulse Inc, 7844 Vervain Court, Springfield, VA 22152 USA. [Di Stefano, C. A.; Kuranz, C. C.; Drake, R. P.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chen, Hui; Williams, G. J.; Park, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Springs Court, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. EM seelyjf@gmail.com RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012 OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [DTRA-1-10-0077]; NNSA-DS; SC-OFES Joint Program in High-Energy-Density Laboratory Plasmas [DE-NA0001840] FX This work was funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, grant number DTRA-1-10-0077 and by the NNSA-DS and SC-OFES Joint Program in High-Energy-Density Laboratory Plasmas, grant number DE-NA0001840. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 EI 1878-0563 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 19 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2016.02.003 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA DM6JP UT WOS:000376458100003 ER PT J AU Bradley, RS Wanner, H Diaz, HF AF Bradley, Raymond S. Wanner, Heinz Diaz, Henry F. TI The Medieval Quiet Period SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE Paleoclimate; solar forcing; volcanic forcing; Medieval climate ID VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; COMMON ERA; CLIMATE; IRRADIANCE; TIME AB For several centuries in early Medieval times the climate system was relatively unperturbed by natural forcing factors, resulting in a unique period of climate stability. We argue that this represents a reference state for the Common Era, well before anthropogenic forcing became the dominant driver of the climate system. C1 [Bradley, Raymond S.] Univ Massachusetts, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Wanner, Heinz] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Diaz, Henry F.] NOAA, ERL, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Bradley, RS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, CSRC, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rbradley@geo.umass.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 EI 1477-0911 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 6 BP 990 EP 993 DI 10.1177/0959683615622552 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DM4GS UT WOS:000376305700012 ER PT J AU Levitas, VI Warren, JA AF Levitas, Valery I. Warren, James A. TI Phase field approach with anisotropic interface energy and interface stresses: Large strain formulation SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Phase field approach; Phase transformation; Large strains; Anisotropic interface energy and interface stresses ID MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; VECTOR THERMODYNAMICS; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; CONTINUUM THEORY; MODEL; SURFACES; TRANSITIONS; SIMULATION; SHARP; ELASTICITY AB A thermodynamically consistent, large-strain, multi-phase field approach (with consequent interface stresses) is generalized for the case with anisotropic interface (gradient) energy (e.g. an energy density that depends both on the magnitude and direction of the gradients in the phase fields). Such a generalization, if done in the "usual" manner, yields a theory that can be shown to be manifestly unphysical. These theories consider the gradient energy as anisotropic in the deformed configuration, and, due to this supposition, several fundamental contradictions arise. First, the Cauchy stress tensor is non-symmetric and, consequently, violates the moment of momentum principle, in essence the Herring (thermodynamic) torque is imparting an unphysical angular momentum to the system. In addition, this non-symmetric stress implies a violation of the principle of material objectivity. These problems in the formulation can be resolved by insisting that the gradient energy is an isotropic function of the gradient of the order parameters in the deformed configuration, but depends on the direction of the gradient of the order parameters (is anisotropic) in the undeformed configuration. We find that for a propagating none-quilibrium interface, the structural part of the interfacial Cauchy stress is symmetric and reduces to a biaxial tension with the magnitude equal to the temperature- and orientation-dependent interface energy. Ginzburg-Landau equations for the evolution of the order parameters and temperature evolution equation, as well as the boundary conditions for the order parameters are derived. Small strain simplifications are presented. Remarkably, this anisotropy yields a first order correction in the Ginzburg-Landau equation for small strains, which has been neglected in prior works. The next strain-related term is third order. For concreteness, specific orientation dependencies of the gradient energy coefficients are examined, using published molecular dynamics studies of cubic crystals. In order to consider a fully specified system, a typical sixth order polynomial phase field model is considered. Analytical solutions for the propagating interface and critical nucleus are found, accounting for the influence of the anisotropic gradient energy and elucidating the distribution of components of interface stresses. The orientation-dependence of the nonequilibrium interface energy is first suitably defined and explicitly determined analytically, and the associated width is also found. The developed formalism is applicable to melting/solidification and crystal-amorphous transformation and can be generalized for martensitic and diffusive phase transformations, twinning, fracture, and grain growth, for which interface energy depends on interface orientation of crystals from either side. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Levitas, Valery I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Levitas, Valery I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Levitas, Valery I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Warren, James A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levitas, VI (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.; Levitas, VI (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.; Levitas, VI (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vlevitas@iastate.edu FU NIST; DARPA [W31P4Q-13-1-0010]; ARO [W911NF-12-1-0340]; NSF [CMMI-1536925, DMR-1434613]; ONR [N00014-16-1-2079]; Iowa State University FX The support of NIST, DARPA (W31P4Q-13-1-0010), ARO (W911NF-12-1-0340), NSF (CMMI-1536925 and DMR-1434613), ONR (N00014-16-1-2079), and Iowa State University are gratefully acknowledged. The major part of this work was performed during VIL sabbatical stay at NIST. Certain commercial software and materials are identified in this report in order to specify the procedures adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or software identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 111 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 EI 1873-4782 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JUN PY 2016 VL 91 BP 94 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2016.02.029 PG 32 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA DM9SR UT WOS:000376706500007 ER PT J AU Kacker, RN Kessel, R Lawrence, JF AF Kacker, Raghu N. Kessel, Ruediger Lawrence, James F. TI Removing divergence of JCGM documents from the GUM (1993) and repairing other defects SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian statistics; Coverage interval; GUM-S1; Uncertainty in measurement; VIM3 ID UNCERTAINTY AB The mission of the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM) is to maintain and promote the use of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM, second edition). The JCGM has produced the third edition of the VIM (referred to as VIM3) and a number of documents; some of which are referred to as supplements to the GUM. We are concerned with the Supplement 1 (GUM-S1) and the document JCGM 104. The signal contribution of the GUM is its operational view of the uncertainty in measurement (as a parameter that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could be attributed to an unknown quantity). The operational view promulgated by the GUM had disconnected the uncertainty in measurement from the unknowable quantities true value and error. The GUM-S1 has diverged from the operational view of the uncertainty in measurement. Either the disparities should be removed or the GUM-S1 should not be referred to as a supplement to the GUM. Also, the GUM-S1 has misinterpreted the Bayesian concept of a statistical parameter and the VIM3 definitions of coverage interval and coverage probability are mathematically defective. We offer practical suggestions for revising the GUM-S1 and the VIM3 to remove their divergence from the GUM and to repair their defects. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kacker, Raghu N.; Lawrence, James F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kessel, Ruediger] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Lawrence, James F.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Kacker, RN (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raghu.kacker@nist.gov; ruediger.kessel@ptb.de; lawrence@gmu.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 EI 1873-412X J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD JUN PY 2016 VL 88 BP 194 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2016.03.057 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DM6LG UT WOS:000376463100022 ER PT J AU Bentley, ML Franks, JR Suranovic, KR Barbachem, B Cannon, D Cooper, SR AF Bentley, Mace L. Franks, John R. Suranovic, Katelyn R. Barbachem, Brent Cannon, Declan Cooper, Stonie R. TI Lightning characteristics of derecho producing mesoscale convective systems SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; SEVERE WEATHER; CLIMATOLOGY; RADAR AB Derechos, or widespread, convectively induced wind storms, are a common warm season phenomenon in the Central and Eastern United States. These damaging and severe weather events are known to sweep quickly across large spatial regions of more than 400 km and produce wind speeds exceeding 121 km h(-1). Although extensive research concerning derechos and their parent mesoscale convective systems already exists, there have been few investigations of the spatial and temporal distribution of associated cloud-to-ground lightning with these events. This study analyzes twenty warm season (May through August) derecho events between 2003 and 2013 in an effort to discern their lightning characteristics. Data used in the study included cloud-to-ground flash data derived from the National Lightning Detection Network, WSR-88D imagery from the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, and damaging wind report data obtained from the Storm Prediction Center. A spatial and temporal analysis was conducted by incorporating these data into a geographic information system to determine the distribution and lightning characteristics of the environments of derecho producing mesoscale convective systems. Primary foci of this research include: (1) finding the approximate size of the lightning activity region for individual and combined event(s); (2) determining the intensity of each event by examining the density and polarity of lightning flashes; (3) locating areas of highest lightning flash density; and (4) to provide a lightning spatial analysis that outlines the temporal and spatial distribution of flash activity for particularly strong derecho producing thunderstorm episodes. C1 [Bentley, Mace L.; Franks, John R.] James Madison Univ, Dept Integrated Sci & Technol, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Suranovic, Katelyn R.] George Washington Univ, Dept Geog, Washington, DC USA. [Barbachem, Brent] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Modeling Simulat & Visualizat Engn, Norfolk, VA USA. [Cannon, Declan] Natl Weather Serv, Aviat Weather Ctr, Kansas City, MO USA. [Cooper, Stonie R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Mesonet, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Bentley, ML (reprint author), James Madison Univ, Dept Integrated Sci & Technol, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. EM bentleml@jmu.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 EI 1436-5065 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 128 IS 3 BP 303 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s00703-015-0417-x PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM7BU UT WOS:000376508700002 ER PT J AU Cheng, XL Li, YQ Xu, L AF Cheng, Xiaolong Li, Yueqing Xu, Li TI An analysis of an extreme rainstorm caused by the interaction of the Tibetan Plateau vortex and the Southwest China vortex from an intensive observation SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE VORTEX; HEAVY RAIN; VORTICES AB A rainstorm caused by the coupling of the Tibetan Plateau vortex (TPV) and the Southwest China vortex (SWCV) in eastern Sichuan during 29 June-2 July 2013 is analyzed by using the conventional observed data and its time intensive observed data, the intensive observed data of SWCV scientific experiment during flood season. The results show that under the control of a large transverse trough in Eurasia region at mid-high latitude, the westerly flow in northern China leads TPV eastward movement. And SWCV moves northeastward. Finally, both of them merge to form a combined vortex (CBV) in Sichuan Basin resulting in heavy rainfall. The water vapor from both the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea provides the sufficient humidity condition. The intensive observation clearly reveals the nascent states of TPV and SWCV, the movements and interactions, especially, the two vortices' merging process, and the effects of cold and warm advection, as well as the rainstorm. When the two vortices merge into CBV, cold tongue and warm flow meet and produce frontogenesis around the center of CBV. A frontogenetical area exists deeply from lower troposphere to upper troposphere with the south-positive and north-negative vertical structure, which is similar to front. The positive PV evidently developed both in the range and in the intensity with the stronger center at upper level, and the positive PV center located at the front of CBV has indicative significance for the vortex's activities. And CBV has the same distributions of vorticity and temperature with SWCV and TPV, respectively. SWCV and TPV make different key contributions to the dynamic-thermodynamic property of CBV, but both of them have obvious influences on the divergence distribution of CBV. Furthermore, rainfall mainly distributes in the high areas of averaged temperature deviation gradient, and it is closely related to the joint influences of warm-moist air from the south and dry-cold air from the north. But, only using the conventional observed data, it is difficult to obtain the above useful understanding. So, augmenting intensive observation, improving scientific experiment, and focusing on fine study are much conducive for the meso-scale and small-scale weather systems such as SWCV and TPV, as well as its weather influences. C1 [Cheng, Xiaolong; Li, Yueqing] CMA, Inst Plateau Meteorol, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Xiaolong; Li, Yueqing] Heavy Rain & Drought Flood Disasters Plateau & Ba, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China. [Xu, Li] NOAA, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court,Rm 3101, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Li, YQ (reprint author), CMA, Inst Plateau Meteorol, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China.; Li, YQ (reprint author), Heavy Rain & Drought Flood Disasters Plateau & Ba, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China. EM yueqingli@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation [91337215]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275051]; National Key Basic Research Development Program Project of China [2012CB417202]; Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest [GYHY201006053] FX The authors are very thankful to Dr. Michael L. Kaplan and the two anonymous reviewers whose constructive comments have improved the overall quality of the paper. This work was supported by the key project of the National Natural Science Foundation (No. 91337215), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41275051), the National Key Basic Research Development Program Project of China (No. 2012CB417202), and Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest (GYHY201006053). NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 11 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 EI 1436-5065 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 128 IS 3 BP 373 EP 399 DI 10.1007/s00703-015-0420-2 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM7BU UT WOS:000376508700006 ER PT J AU Islam, T Srivastava, PK Kumar, D Petropoulos, GP Dai, Q Zhuo, L AF Islam, Tanvir Srivastava, Prashant K. Kumar, Dinesh Petropoulos, George P. Dai, Qiang Zhuo, Lu TI Satellite radiance assimilation using a 3DVAR assimilation system for hurricane Sandy forecasts SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Variational data assimilation; Numerical weather prediction (NWP); Cyclone forecast; Track propagation; WRF 3DVAR; Radiative transfer; ATOVS; AMSU-A; AMSU-B; MHS ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; AMSU-A RADIANCES; TROPICAL CYCLONES; WEATHER RESEARCH; PRECIPITATION; IMPACT; IMPLEMENTATION; SENSITIVITY; MM5 AB In this article, we present an assimilation impact study for forecasting hurricane Sandy using a threeaEurodimensional variational data assimilation system (3DVAR). In particular, we employ the 3DVAR component of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model and conduct analysis/forecast cycling experiments for "control" and "radiance" assimilation cases for the hurricane Sandy period. In "control" assimilation experiment, only conventional air and surface observations data are assimilated, while, in "radiance" assimilation experiment, along with the conventional air and surface observations data, the satellite radiance data from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) and the Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) sensors are also assimilated. For the radiance assimilation, we employ the community radiative transfer model as the forward operator and perform quality control and bias correction procedure before the radiance data are assimilated. In order to assess the impact of the assimilation experiments, we produce 132-h deterministic forecast starting on 00 UTC October 25, 2012. The results reveal that, in particular, the assimilation of AMSU-A satellite radiances helps to improve the short- to medium-range forecast (up to similar to 60-h lead time). The forecast skill is degraded in the long-range forecast (beyond 60 h) with the AMSU-A assimilation. C1 [Islam, Tanvir] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kumar, Dinesh] Cent Univ Jammu, Jammu, India. [Petropoulos, George P.] Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, Dyfed, Wales. [Dai, Qiang] Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhuo, Lu] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Islam, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; Islam, T (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA.; Islam, T (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tanvir.islam@jpl.nasa.gov RI Petropoulos, George/F-2384-2013 OI Petropoulos, George/0000-0003-1442-1423 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The data for this study are from NOAA's National Operational Model Archive and Distribution System (NOMADS) which is maintained at NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The views expressed here are those of the authors solely and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA, NASA, or the authors' affiliated institutions. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JUN PY 2016 VL 82 IS 2 BP 845 EP 855 DI 10.1007/s11069-016-2221-4 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA DM4ID UT WOS:000376309900006 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W AF Wong-Ng, Winnie TI The 2015 Materials Science & Technology (MS&T15) Conference & Exhibition SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 EI 1945-7413 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 162 EP 163 DI 10.1017/S0885715615001037 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA DM6CW UT WOS:000376438700014 ER PT J AU Hays, GC Ferreira, LC Sequeira, AMM Meekan, MG Duarte, CM Bailey, H Bailleul, F Don Bowen, W Caley, MJ Costa, DP Eguiluz, VM Fossette, S Friedlaender, AS Gales, N Gleiss, AC Gunn, J Harcourt, R Hazen, EL Heithaus, MR Heupel, M Holland, K Horning, M Jonsen, I Kooyman, GL Lowe, CG Madsen, PT Marsh, H Phillips, RA Righton, D Ropert-Coudert, Y Sato, K Shaffer, SA Simpfendorfer, CA Sims, DW Skomal, G Takahashi, A Trathan, PN Wikelski, M Womble, JN Thums, M AF Hays, Graeme C. Ferreira, Luciana C. Sequeira, Ana M. M. Meekan, Mark G. Duarte, Carlos M. Bailey, Helen Bailleul, Fred Don Bowen, W. Caley, M. Julian Costa, Daniel P. Eguiluz, Victor M. Fossette, Sabrina Friedlaender, Ari S. Gales, Nick Gleiss, Adrian C. Gunn, John Harcourt, Rob Hazen, Elliott L. Heithaus, Michael R. Heupel, Michelle Holland, Kim Horning, Markus Jonsen, Ian Kooyman, Gerald L. Lowe, Christopher G. Madsen, Peter T. Marsh, Helene Phillips, Richard A. Righton, David Ropert-Coudert, Yan Sato, Katsufumi Shaffer, Scott A. Simpfendorfer, Colin A. Sims, David W. Skomal, Gregory Takahashi, Akinori Trathan, Philip N. Wikelski, Martin Womble, Jamie N. Thums, Michele TI Key Questions in Marine Megafauna Movement Ecology SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION; STELLER SEA LIONS; TOP-PREDATOR; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; BODY ACCELERATION; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; GLOBAL PATTERNS; TELEMETRY DATA; DYNAMIC OCEAN AB It is a golden age for animal movement studies and so an opportune time to assess priorities for future work. We assembled 40 experts to identify key questions in this field, focussing on marine megafauna, which include a broad range of birds, mammals, reptiles, and fish. Research on these taxa has both underpinned many of the recent technical developments and led to fundamental discoveries in the field. We show that the questions have broad applicability to other taxa, including terrestrial animals, flying insects, and swimming invertebrates, and, as such, this exercise provides a useful roadmap for targeted deployments and data syntheses that should advance the field of movement ecology. C1 [Hays, Graeme C.] Deakin Univ, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia. [Hays, Graeme C.] Sch Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Warrnambool, Vic 3280, Australia. [Ferreira, Luciana C.; Sequeira, Ana M. M.] IOMRC, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Ferreira, Luciana C.; Sequeira, Ana M. M.] Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, Sch Anim Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Ferreira, Luciana C.; Sequeira, Ana M. M.] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Marine Futures, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Ferreira, Luciana C.; Meekan, Mark G.; Thums, Michele] Univ Western Australia, Australian Inst Marine Sci, Oceans Inst, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Duarte, Carlos M.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Red Sea Res Ctr, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Bailey, Helen] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Bailleul, Fred] South Australian Res & Dev Inst Aquat Sci, 2 Hamra Ave, Adelaide, SA 5024, Australia. [Don Bowen, W.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Populat Ecol Div, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Caley, M. Julian] Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Math & Stat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Caley, M. Julian; Gunn, John; Heupel, Michelle] Australlan Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Eguiluz, Victor M.] UIB, CSIC, IFISC, E-07122 Palma De Mallorca, Spain. [Fossette, Sabrina] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Friedlaender, Ari S.] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Gales, Nick] Australian Govt, Dept Environm, Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Gleiss, Adrian C.] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Life Sci, Ctr Fish & Fisheries Res, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Harcourt, Rob; Jonsen, Ian] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Hazen, Elliott L.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Heithaus, Michael R.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Heupel, Michelle; Simpfendorfer, Colin A.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Sustainable Trop Fisheries & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Heupel, Michelle; Marsh, Helene; Simpfendorfer, Colin A.] James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Holland, Kim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Horning, Markus] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Dept Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Kooyman, Gerald L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Lowe, Christopher G.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Madsen, Peter T.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Zoophysiol, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Madsen, Peter T.] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Life Sci, Cetacean Res Unit, Perth, WA 6150, Australia. [Phillips, Richard A.; Trathan, Philip N.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Righton, David] Cefas Lab, Fisheries & Ecosyst Div, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR34 7RU, Suffolk, England. [Ropert-Coudert, Yan] Univ La Rochelle, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, Stn Ecol Chize, CNRS,UMR 7372, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France. [Sato, Katsufumi] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564, Japan. [Shaffer, Scott A.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Sims, David W.] Marine Biol Assoc UK, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England. [Sims, David W.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Waterfront Campus, Southampton S014 3ZH, Hants, England. [Sims, David W.] Univ Southampton, Ctr Biol Sci, Bldg 85,Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Skomal, Gregory] Massachusetts Shark Res Project, Div Marine Fisheries, 1213 Purchase St, New Bedford, MA 02740 USA. [Takahashi, Akinori] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan. [Wikelski, Martin] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Migrat & ImmunoEcol, Obstberg 1, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Wikelski, Martin] Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Womble, Jamie N.] Natl Pk Serv, Glacier Bay Field Stn, 3100 Natl Pk Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Hays, GC (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia.; Hays, GC (reprint author), Sch Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Warrnambool, Vic 3280, Australia. EM g.hays@deakin.edu.au RI Eguiluz, Victor/B-9655-2008; Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; Madsen, Peter/K-5832-2013; OI Eguiluz, Victor/0000-0003-1133-1289; Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687; Madsen, Peter/0000-0002-5208-5259; Gleiss, Adrian/0000-0002-9960-2858 FU UWA Oceans Institute; Australian Institute of Marine Science; Office of Sponsored Research at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) FX G.C.H. conceived the study at a workshop organized by M.T., A.M.M.S., M.M., V.M.E., and C.M.D. G.C.H. assembled the questions with help from L.C.F., M.T., A.M.M.S., and M.M. All authors submitted questions and voted on the assembled questions. G.C.H. wrote the manuscript with W.D.B., Y.R.C., E.L.H., M.M., A.M.M.S., D.W.S., A.T., L.C.F., M.T., P.N.T., and P.T.M. All authors commented on drafts. Workshop funding was granted to M.T., A.M.M.S., and C.M.D. by the UWA Oceans Institute, the Australian Institute of Marine Science, and the Office of Sponsored Research at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). NR 100 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 31 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 6 BP 463 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2016.02.015 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DN1DY UT WOS:000376807700009 PM 26979550 ER PT J AU Hao, ZC Hao, FH Singh, VP Xia, YL Ouyang, W Shen, XY AF Hao, Zengchao Hao, Fanghua Singh, Vijay P. Xia, Youlong Ouyang, Wei Shen, Xinyi TI A theoretical drought classification method for the multivariate drought index based on distribution properties of standardized drought indices SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Drought; Drought classification; Drought category; Linearly combined drought index ID EXTREME-VALUE ANALYSIS; PLOTTING POSITIONS; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION INDEX; SOIL-MOISTURE; INDICATORS; TRANSFORMATION AB Drought indices have been commonly used to characterize different properties of drought and the need to combine multiple drought indices for accurate drought monitoring has been well recognized. Based on linear combinations of multiple drought indices, a variety of multivariate drought indices have recently been developed for comprehensive drought monitoring to integrate drought information from various sources. For operational drought management, it is generally required to determine thresholds of drought severity for drought classification to trigger a mitigation response during a drought event to aid stakeholders and policy makers in decision making. Though the classification of drought categories based on the univariate drought indices has been well studied, drought classification method for the multivariate drought index has been less explored mainly due to the lack of information about its distribution property. In this study, a theoretical drought classification method is proposed for the multivariate drought index, based on a linear combination of multiple indices. Based on the distribution property of the standardized drought index, a theoretical distribution of the linear combined index (LDI) is derived, which can be used for classifying drought with the percentile approach. Application of the proposed method for drought classification of LDI, based on standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized soil moisture index (SSI), and standardized runoffindex (SRI) is illustrated with climate division data from California, United States. Results from comparison with the empirical methods show a satisfactory performance of the proposed method for drought classification. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hao, Zengchao; Hao, Fanghua; Ouyang, Wei] Beijing Normal Univ, Green Dev Inst, Sch Environm, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Singh, Vijay P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Singh, Vijay P.] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Xia, Youlong] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, IM Syst Grp, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Shen, Xinyi] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT USA. RP Hao, ZC (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Green Dev Inst, Sch Environm, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM haozc@bnu.edu.cn FU Youth Scholars Program of Beijing Normal University [2015NT02]; China Three Gorges Corporation [0799557] FX The authors are grateful to the Editor and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. This work was supported by Youth Scholars Program of Beijing Normal University (Grant No. 2015NT02) and also partly supported by the China Three Gorges Corporation (Project No. 0799557). NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 92 BP 240 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.04.010 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DL9EW UT WOS:000375945600019 ER PT J AU Pitkanen, L Striegel, AM AF Pitkanen, Leena Striegel, Andre M. TI Determining the core, corona, and total size of CdSeS/ZnS quantum dots by SEC/QELS and TEM SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Quantum dots; Size-exclusion chromatography; Quasi-elastic light scattering; Hydrodynamic radius; Transmission electron microscopy; Core and corona dimensions ID MULTIDETECTOR HYDRODYNAMIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MACROMOLECULES; CDSE AB The size (hydrodynamic or Stokes radius, R (H)) of non-functionalized CdSeS/ZnS (core/shell) quantum dots (QDs) was characterized by size-exclusion chromatography with on-line quasi-elastic light scattering (SEC/QELS). Accurate determination of the size of QDs is important, because many of the optical properties of these materials are size dependent. A clear advantage of SEC/QELS over many batch techniques (e.g., QELS without separation) is the capability of the hyphenated technique to characterize the entire size range of a disperse sample, rather than merely providing a statistical average of the sizes present. Here, the SEC/QELS-determined R (H) values of CdSeS/ZnS QDs are compared to those determined by a traditional SEC experiment employing a calibration curve based on polystyrene standards, providing for the first reported study on SEC/QELS of non-functionalized QDs while also demonstrating the shortcomings of the widely-employed calibration curve approach. Furthermore, combining the R (H) of the QDs obtained by SEC/QELS with core size measurements derived from transmission electron microscopy allowed further calculation of the size of the QDs' coronas. The latter result was found to be in close agreement to the previously measured dimension of the main corona constituent, as well as with the calculated size of this constituent. C1 [Pitkanen, Leena; Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 18 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 408 IS 15 BP 4003 EP 4010 DI 10.1007/s00216-016-9487-y PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DM5RW UT WOS:000376408700008 PM 27000562 ER PT J AU Boggs, ASP Bowden, JA Galligan, TM Guillette, LJ Kucklick, JR AF Boggs, Ashley S. P. Bowden, John A. Galligan, Thomas M. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. Kucklick, John R. TI Development of a multi-class steroid hormone screening method using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Steroid hormones; Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; Estrogens; Androgens; Progestogens; Corticosteroids ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; HUMAN SERUM; HUMAN-PLASMA; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; CORTICOSTERONE; BIOSYNTHESIS; TESTOSTERONE; CORTISOL; EQUILIN AB Monitoring complex endocrine pathways is often limited by indirect measurement or measurement of a single hormone class per analysis. There is a burgeoning need to develop specific direct-detection methods capable of providing simultaneous measurement of biologically relevant concentrations of multiple classes of hormones (estrogens, androgens, progestogens, and corticosteroids). The objectives of this study were to develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for multi-class steroid hormone detection using biologically relevant concentrations, then test limits of detection (LOD) in a high-background matrix by spiking charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum (FBS) extract. Accuracy was tested with National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) with certified concentrations of cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone. 11-Deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, adrenosterone, androstenedione, cortisol, corticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, estriol, estrone, equilin, pregnenolone, progesterone, and testosterone were also measured using isotopic dilution. Dansyl chloride (DC) derivatization was investigated maintaining the same method to improve and expedite estrogen analysis. Biologically relevant LODs were determined for 15 hormones. DC derivatization improved estrogen response two- to eight-fold, and improved chromatographic separation. All measurements had an accuracy a parts per thousand currency sign14 % difference from certified values (not accounting for uncertainty) and relative standard deviation a parts per thousand currency sign14 %. This method chromatographically separated and quantified biologically relevant concentrations of four hormone classes using highly specific fragmentation patterns and measured certified values of hormones that were previously split into three separate chromatographic methods. C1 [Boggs, Ashley S. P.; Bowden, John A.; Kucklick, John R.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Galligan, Thomas M.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Boggs, ASP (reprint author), NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM ashley.boggs@nist.gov FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Smart State Center of Economic Excellence for Marine Genomics; NIST/National Research Council FX For partial funding, we acknowledge the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Smart State Center of Economic Excellence for Marine Genomics. We extend thanks to Lori Schwacke of NOAA for being the impetus to develop this method. Also, we thank Kevin Huncik for performing instrument maintenance and troubleshooting assistance. Finally we would like to thank the NIST/National Research Council postdoctoral program for financial support during this research. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 30 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 408 IS 15 BP 4179 EP 4190 DI 10.1007/s00216-016-9512-1 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DM5RW UT WOS:000376408700025 PM 27039201 ER PT J AU Patel, IR Gangiredla, J Lacher, DW Mammel, MK Jackson, SA Lampel, KA Elkins, CA AF Patel, Isha R. Gangiredla, Jayanthi Lacher, David W. Mammel, Mark K. Jackson, Scott A. Lampel, Keith A. Elkins, Christopher A. TI FDA Escherichia coli Identification (FDA-ECID) Microarray: a Pangenome Molecular Toolbox for Serotyping, Virulence Profiling, Molecular Epidemiology, and Phylogeny SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; ALTERNATIVE METHODS; GENOMIC DIVERSITY; UNITED STATES; FRESH PRODUCE; OUTBREAK; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; DNA; PATHOGENS AB Most Escherichia coli strains are nonpathogenic. However, for clinical diagnosis and food safety analysis, current identification methods for pathogenic E. coli either are time-consuming and/or provide limited information. Here, we utilized a custom DNA microarray with informative genetic features extracted from 368 sequence sets for rapid and high-throughput pathogen identification. The FDA Escherichia coli Identification (FDA-ECID) platform contains three sets of molecularly informative features that together stratify strain identification and relatedness. First, 53 known flagellin alleles, 103 alleles of wzx and wzy, and 5 alleles of wzm provide molecular serotyping utility. Second, 41,932 probe sets representing the pan-genome of E. coli provide strain-level gene content information. Third, approximately 125,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of available whole-genome sequences (WGS) were distilled to 9,984 SNPs capable of recapitulating the E. coli phylogeny. We analyzed 103 diverse E. coli strains with available WGS data, including those associated with past foodborne illnesses, to determine robustness and accuracy. The array was able to accurately identify the molecular O and H serotypes, potentially correcting serological failures and providing better resolution for H-nontypeable/nonmotile phenotypes. In addition, molecular risk assessment was possible with key virulence marker identifications. Epidemiologically, each strain had a unique comparative genomic fingerprint that was extended to an additional 507 food and clinical isolates. Finally, a 99.7% phylogenetic concordance was established between microarray analysis and WGS using SNP-level data for advanced genome typing. Our study demonstrates FDA-ECID as a powerful tool for epidemiology and molecular risk assessment with the capacity to profile the global landscape and diversity of E. coli. IMPORTANCE This study describes a robust, state-of-the-art platform developed from available whole-genome sequences of E. coli and Shigella spp. by distilling useful signatures for epidemiology and molecular risk assessment into one assay. The FDA-ECID microarray contains features that enable comprehensive molecular serotyping and virulence profiling along with genome-scale genotyping and SNP analysis. Hence, it is a molecular toolbox that stratifies strain identification and pathogenic potential in the contexts of epidemiology and phylogeny. We applied this tool to strains from food, environmental, and clinical sources, resulting in significantly greater phylogenetic and strain-specific resolution than previously reported for available typing methods. C1 [Patel, Isha R.; Gangiredla, Jayanthi; Lacher, David W.; Mammel, Mark K.; Jackson, Scott A.; Lampel, Keith A.; Elkins, Christopher A.] US FDA, Div Mol Biol, Off Appl Res & Safety Assessment, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD USA. [Jackson, Scott A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Elkins, CA (reprint author), US FDA, Div Mol Biol, Off Appl Res & Safety Assessment, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD USA. EM chris.elkins@fda.hhs.gov NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 82 IS 11 BP 3384 EP 3394 DI 10.1128/AEM.04077-15 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA DM2EL UT WOS:000376159400022 PM 27037122 ER PT J AU Ferreira, JG Bricker, SB AF Ferreira, J. G. Bricker, S. B. TI Goods and services of extensive aquaculture: shellfish culture and nutrient trading SO AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Shellfish; Bivalves; Ecosystem services; Eutrophication; Nutrient credit trading; FARM model ID MULTI-TROPHIC AQUACULTURE; MYTILUS-EDULIS; CARRYING-CAPACITY; WATER-QUALITY; BIOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; CONDITION INDEX; SALMON FARMS; BOX MODEL; MUSSEL; GROWTH AB Bivalve shellfish play an important role in top-down control of primary symptoms of eutrophication. This short-circuits the process of organic decomposition and promotes an enhancement of underwater light climate, improved oxygenation of bottom water, and restoration of submerged aquatic vegetation. This review analyses this ecosystem service as a potential actor in watershed-level nutrient credit trading programmes and explores the possibilities of implementation of such programmes in Europe. We examine the different components of the issue, including the eutrophication status of European coastal waters, legal and management instruments, and the use of mathematical models at both the ecosystem and farm scales to evaluate the potential removal of nitrogen by cultivated shellfish such as oysters, mussels, and clams. The annual European bivalve shellfish production of over 700,000 metric tons is estimated to generate a nitrogen removal of 46,800 t year(-1), equivalent to 14 x 10(6) population equivalent, and a minimum value of 507 x 10(6) a,not sign. We discuss future directions for this topic in Europe, drawing from ongoing research in the USA and elsewhere, in the light of the twin challenges of European aquaculture expansion and implementation of EU directives. C1 [Ferreira, J. G.] Univ Nova Lisboa, DCEA, FCT, Qta Torre, P-2829516 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. [Bricker, S. B.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, NCCOS, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ferreira, JG (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, DCEA, FCT, Qta Torre, P-2829516 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. EM joao@hoomi.com FU EU IDREEM (FP7) project; EU AQUASPACE project; EPA/NOAA RESERV project FX The authors acknowledge support from the EU IDREEM (FP7) and AQUASPACE (H2020) projects and from the EPA/NOAA RESERV project. We are additionally grateful to Shawn Robinson and Peter Cranford, DFO Canada, for text suggestions, and to all our colleagues on the various project teams mentioned above. NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 25 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-6120 EI 1573-143X J9 AQUACULT INT JI Aquac. Int. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 803 EP 825 DI 10.1007/s10499-015-9949-9 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DM0TS UT WOS:000376059300008 ER PT J AU Abadia-Cardoso, A Pearse, DE Jacobson, S Marshall, J Dalrymple, D Kawasaki, F Ruiz-Campos, G Garza, JC AF Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia Pearse, Devon E. Jacobson, Sandra Marshall, Jack Dalrymple, Dale Kawasaki, Frank Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio Garza, John Carlos TI Population genetic structure and ancestry of steelhead/rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at the extreme southern edge of their range in North America SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Oncorhynchus mykiss; Rainbow trout; Steelhead; SNPs; Microsatellites; Introgression ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; RAINBOW-TROUT; COASTAL STEELHEAD; CALIFORNIA; MICROSATELLITE; PROGRAM; MARKERS; WILD; MITOCHONDRIAL; DIVERSITY AB Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations have declined dramatically in many parts of their range in North America, most critically in Southern California, where these anadromous trout are now classified as 'Endangered' under the United States Endangered Species Act. The widespread introduction of hatchery rainbow trout, the domesticated freshwater resident form of the species O. mykiss, is one factor threatening the long-term persistence of native steelhead and other trout populations. To identify where native fish of coastal steelhead lineage remained, we performed a population genetic analysis of microsatellite and SNP genotypes from O. mykiss populations at the extreme southern end of their range in Southern California, USA and Baja California, Mexico. In the northern part of this region, nearly all populations appeared to be primarily descendants of native coastal steelhead. However, in the southern, more urbanized part of this region, the majority of the sampled populations were derived primarily from hatchery trout, indicating either complete replacement of native fish or a strong signal of introgression overlaying native ancestry. Nevertheless, these genetically introgressed populations represent potentially critical genetic resources for the continued persistence of viable networks of O. mykiss populations, given the limited native ancestry uncovered in this region and the importance of genetic variation in adaptation. This study elucidates the geographic distribution of native trout populations in this region, and serves as a baseline for evaluating the impacts of hatchery trout on native O. mykiss populations and the success of steelhead conservation and recovery efforts. C1 [Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia; Pearse, Devon E.; Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia; Pearse, Devon E.; Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jacobson, Sandra; Marshall, Jack; Dalrymple, Dale; Kawasaki, Frank] Trout Unlimited Chapter 920, San Diego, CA USA. [Jacobson, Sandra; Marshall, Jack; Dalrymple, Dale; Kawasaki, Frank] Golden State Flycasters, San Diego, CA USA. [Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Jacobson, Sandra] Calif Trout, San Diego, CA USA. RP Garza, JC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.; Garza, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM carlos.garza@noaa.gov FU Fisheries Restoration Grant Program of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife/Game [0950015]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico [4311005-1993PN] FX The following people contributed effort, information and energy, without which this project would have been impossible. California Department of Fish and Wildlife: S. Bankston, R. Barabe, H. Block, A. M. Eubanks, M. Larson, C. Lima, D. McCanne, C. McKibbin, J. O'Brien, and P. Riparetti; United States Forest Service: T. Bishop, E. Bracamonte, D. Brook, F. Duncan, C. Fong, R. Howell, A. Krist, M. McIntyre, T. Reeder, N. Sill, J. Sirski, J. Taylor, M. Thomas, L. Welch and C. Whelan; Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton: M. Hamilton, M. Rouse, and B. Shemai; Los Angeles Department of Public Works: C. Ly; Riverside Corona Resource Conservation District: B. Mills, S. Pynn and K. Russell; Mountain Cove: M. Leach, P. Mallon, and L. Vasquez; NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center and University of California Santa Cruz: E. Anderson, V. Apkenas, M. Beakes, D. Boughton, A. Clemento, C. Columbus, H. Fish, C. Michel and J. Notch; Volunteers of Trout Unlimited (TU) Chapter 920 and the affiliated Golden State Flycasters (GSF, San Diego) and colleagues from related organizations: G. Applebee, B. Bechard, S. Burley, V. Carrasquillo, G. Gates, M. Hamilton, D. Irby, W. Johnson, M. McVay, J. Narkevitz, H. Pippen, J. Regan, S. Reynes, D. Shulze, N. Spitzer, G. Strawn, G. Sutherland, D. Volgarino, M. Wagner, B. Watkins and B. Weiler. The Pauma Creek 1997 samples were collected on tribal lands of the Pauma Band of Luiseno Indians and we thank them for allowing access. Many of the collections in Southern California were funded by the Fisheries Restoration Grant Program of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife/Game (Project no. 0950015). Trout collections in Baja California were funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico (Grant: 4311005-1993PN). NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 3 BP 675 EP 689 DI 10.1007/s10592-016-0814-9 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA DM1ED UT WOS:000376087200014 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Song, J Tong, MS Chu, W AF Zhang, Hao Song, John Tong, Mingsi Chu, Wei TI Correlation of firing pin impressions based on congruent matching cross-sections (CMX) method SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Forensic science; Firearm identification; Firing pin impression; Congruent matching cross-sections; CMX; Cross-correlation function AB Comparison of firing pin impressions of cartridge cases is an important part of firearms evidence identification. However, compared with breach face impressions, there is only a limited surface area over which firing pin impressions can be compared. Furthermore, the curvature of firing pin impressions makes it difficult to perform automatic correlations of the surfaces. In this study, a new method and related algorithm named congruent matching cross-sections (CMX) are proposed. Each firing pin impression is sliced into layers and the resulting circular cross-sections are converted to two dimensional linear profiles by a polar coordinate transformation. The differential profile extraction method is used for extracting the high frequency micro-features, or the individual characteristics, for accurate correlation. Three parameters are proposed for determining whether these pairwise firing pin impressions are fired from the same firearm. The cross-correlation function (CCF) is used for quantifying similarity of the pairwise profiles which represent the two correlated firing pin images. If the correlated cartridge pair is fired from the same firearm, the maximum CCF value between each of the profile pairs from the reference and the correlated firing pin impressions will be high. The other two parameters relate to the horizontal (or angular) and vertical range of relative shifts that the profiles undergo to obtain the maximum CCF. These shifts are the phase angle theta which corresponds to a horizontal shift of the 2D profiles and the vertical shift distance of slice section, i.e. where the profiles match in the depth of the impression. These shift parameters are used to determine the congruency of the pairwise profile patterns. When these parameter values and their statistical distributions are collected for analysis, the CMX number is derived as a key parameter for a conclusive identification or exclusion. Validation tests using 40 cartridge cases of three different brands fired from 10 firearms produced by three different manufacturers yielded clear separation between known matching (KM) and known non-matching (KNM) image pairs, which strongly supports the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed CMX method. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Hao] Nanjing Forestry Univ NJFU, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Hao; Song, John; Tong, Mingsi; Chu, Wei] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tong, Mingsi] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Nanjing Forestry Univ NJFU, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM zhanghaowo79@sohu.com; jun-feng.song@nist.gov; mingsi.tong@nist.gov; wei.chu@nist.gov FU NIST's Special Programs Office (SPO); National Natural Science Foundation of China [E051101]; Jiangsu University Natural Science Foundation [12KJB460006] FX The funding for this research was provided by NIST's Special Programs Office (SPO), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (E051101) and Jiangsu University Natural Science Foundation (12KJB460006). The authors are grateful to Daniel Ott of NIST for the editorial comments and helpful revisions, and to A. Zheng of NIST for providing the topographic images. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 EI 1872-6283 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 263 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.04.015 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA DL9EP UT WOS:000375944700027 PM 27131218 ER PT J AU Schubert, SD Stewart, RE Wang, HL Barlow, M Berbery, EH Cai, WJ Hoerling, MP Kanikicharla, KK Koster, RD Lyon, B Mariotti, A Mechoso, CR Muller, OV Rodriguez-Fonseca, B Seager, R Senevirante, SI Zhang, LX Zhou, TJ AF Schubert, Siegfried D. Stewart, Ronald E. Wang, Hailan Barlow, Mathew Berbery, Ernesto H. Cai, Wenju Hoerling, Martin P. Kanikicharla, Krishna K. Koster, Randal D. Lyon, Bradfield Mariotti, Annarita Mechoso, Carlos R. Mueller, Omar V. Rodriguez-Fonseca, Belen Seager, Richard Senevirante, Sonia I. Zhang, Lixia Zhou, Tianjun TI Global Meteorological Drought: A Synthesis of Current Understanding with a Focus on SST Drivers of Precipitation Deficits SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; TROPICAL ATLANTIC VARIABILITY; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOIL-MOISTURE; MEDITERRANEAN REGION AB Drought affects virtually every region of the world, and potential shifts in its character in a changing climate are a major concern. This article presents a synthesis of current understanding of meteorological drought, with a focus on the large-scale controls on precipitation afforded by sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, land surface feedbacks, and radiative forcings. The synthesis is primarily based on regionally focused articles submitted to the Global Drought Information System (GDIS) collection together with new results from a suite of atmospheric general circulation model experiments intended to integrate those studies into a coherent view of drought worldwide. On interannual time scales, the preeminence of ENSO as a driver of meteorological drought throughout much of the Americas, eastern Asia, Australia, and the Maritime Continent is now well established, whereas in other regions (e.g., Europe, Africa, and India), the response to ENSO is more ephemeral or nonexistent. Northern Eurasia, central Europe, and central and eastern Canada stand out as regions with few SST-forced impacts on precipitation on interannual time scales. Decadal changes in SST appear to be a major factor in the occurrence of long-term drought, as highlighted by apparent impacts on precipitation of the late 1990s "climate shifts" in the Pacific and Atlantic SST. Key remaining research challenges include (i) better quantification of unforced and forced atmospheric variability as well as land-atmosphere feedbacks, (ii) better understanding of the physical basis for the leading modes of climate variability and their predictability, and (iii) quantification of the relative contributions of internal decadal SST variability and forced climate change to long-term drought. C1 [Schubert, Siegfried D.; Wang, Hailan; Koster, Randal D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stewart, Ronald E.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geog & Environm, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Wang, Hailan] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Barlow, Mathew] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA USA. [Berbery, Ernesto H.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cai, Wenju] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Hoerling, Martin P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kanikicharla, Krishna K.] Qatar Meteorol Dept, Doha, Qatar. [Lyon, Bradfield] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Mariotti, Annarita] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Mechoso, Carlos R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Mueller, Omar V.] Univ Nacl Litoral, Fac Ingn & Ciencias Hidricas 5, CEVARCAM, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Mueller, Omar V.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Rodriguez-Fonseca, Belen] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Tierra Astron & Astrofis 1, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Rodriguez-Fonseca, Belen] CSIC, Inst Geociencias IGEO, Madrid, Spain. [Seager, Richard] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Senevirante, Sonia I.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Zhang, Lixia; Zhou, Tianjun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Lixia] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Schubert, SD (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM siegfried.d.schubert@nasa.gov RI Cai, Wenju/C-2864-2012; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012; Berbery, Ernesto/F-4560-2010; ZHOU, Tianjun/C-3195-2012 OI Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; Berbery, Ernesto/0000-0003-2587-3345; ZHOU, Tianjun/0000-0002-5829-7279 FU World Climate Research Programme (WCRP: CLIVAR); World Climate Research Programme (WCRP: GEWEX); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS); World Meteorological Organization (WMO); U.S. CLIVAR program; Group on Earth Observations (GEO); European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC); National Science Foundation (NSF); European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Research Institute (ESRIN); NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program FX The various contributions to this paper were made possible by the support of the host organizations of the coauthors, as noted in the acknowledgments of the contributing Global Drought Information System (GDIS) special collection papers. The GDIS effort is sponsored and supported by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP: CLIVAR and GEWEX) and various partner organizations including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the U.S. CLIVAR program, the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), the European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Research Institute (ESRIN). Support for the overall development of this synthesis article was provided by NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program. The GLDAS-2 data used in this study were acquired as part of the mission of NASA's Earth Science Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). NR 150 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 42 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 11 BP 3989 EP 4019 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0452.1 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM2SP UT WOS:000376197900004 ER PT J AU Li, S Zhang, SQ Liu, ZY Yang, XS Rosati, A Golaz, JC Zhao, M AF Li, Shan Zhang, Shaoqing Liu, Zhengyu Yang, Xiaosong Rosati, Anthony Golaz, Jean-Christophe Zhao, Ming TI The Role of Large-Scale Feedbacks in Cumulus Convection Parameter Estimation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; SINGLE-COLUMN MODELS; SIMULATED RADAR DATA; ROOT KALMAN FILTER; AIR-SEA FLUXES; CLOUD ENSEMBLE; MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; BULK PARAMETERIZATION AB Uncertainty in cumulus convection parameterization is one of the most important causes of model climate drift through interactions between large-scale background and local convection that use empirically set parameters. Without addressing the large-scale feedback, the calibrated parameter values within a convection scheme are usually not optimal for a climate model. This study first designs a multiple-column atmospheric model that includes large-scale feedbacks for cumulus convection and then explores the role of large-scale feedbacks in cumulus convection parameter estimation using an ensemble filter. The performance of convection parameter estimation with or without the presence of large-scale feedback is examined. It is found that including large-scale feedbacks in cumulus convection parameter estimation can significantly improve the estimation quality. This is because large-scale feedbacks help transform local convection uncertainties into global climate sensitivities, and including these feedbacks enhances the statistical representation of the relationship between parameters and state variables. The results of this study provide insights for further understanding of climate drift induced from imperfect cumulus convection parameterization, which may help improve climate modeling. C1 [Li, Shan; Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Li, Shan] Univ Wisconsin, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Madison Joint Visit Program, Princeton, NJ USA. [Zhang, Shaoqing; Yang, Xiaosong; Rosati, Anthony; Golaz, Jean-Christophe; Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Yang, Xiaosong] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Li, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Univ Wisconsin, Joint Visit Program, NOAA GFDL, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM shan.li@noaa.gov RI Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 OI Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; FU NOAA/GFDL; China Scholarship Council; [MOST 2012CB955200]; [NSFC41130105] FX This research is sponsored by Chinese MOST 2012CB955200, NSFC41130105, NOAA/GFDL, and China Scholarship Council (awarded to Shan Li for two years' study abroad at NOAA/GFDL). Special thanks go to Drs. Tom Delworth and Gabriel Vecchi at GFDL for their persistent support and generous discussions on this project. We also thank Drs. Monika Barcikowska, Baoqiang Xiang, Yun Liu, and Feiyu Lu and three anonymous reviewers for useful comments. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 11 BP 4099 EP 4119 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0117.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM2SP UT WOS:000376197900011 ER PT J AU Jia, LW Vecchi, GA Yang, XS Gudgel, RG Delworth, TL Stern, WF Paffendorf, K Underwood, SD Zeng, FR AF Jia, Liwei Vecchi, Gabriel A. Yang, Xiaosong Gudgel, Richard G. Delworth, Thomas L. Stern, William F. Paffendorf, Karen Underwood, Seth D. Zeng, Fanrong TI The Roles of Radiative Forcing, Sea Surface Temperatures, and Atmospheric and Land Initial Conditions in US Summer Warming Episodes SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; DATA ASSIMILATION; EL-NINO; HEAT WAVES; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EXTREME EVENT; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION AB This study investigates the roles of radiative forcing, sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and atmospheric and land initial conditions in the summer warming episodes of the United States. The summer warming episodes are defined as the significantly above-normal (1983-2012) June-August 2-m temperature anomalies and are referred to as heat waves in this study. Two contrasting cases, the summers of 2006 and 2012, are explored in detail to illustrate the distinct roles of SSTs, direct radiative forcing, and atmospheric and land initial conditions in driving U.S. summer heat waves. For 2012, simulations with the GFDL atmospheric general circulation model reveal that SSTs play a critical role. Further sensitivity experiments reveal the contributions of uniform global SST warming, SSTs in individual ocean basins, and direct radiative forcing to the geographic distribution and magnitudes of warm temperature anomalies. In contrast, for 2006, the atmospheric and land initial conditions are the key drivers. The atmospheric (land) initial conditions play a major (minor) role in the central and northwestern (eastern) United States. Because of changes in radiative forcing, the probability of areal-averaged summer temperature anomalies over the United States exceeding the observed 2012 anomaly increases with time over the early twenty-first century. La Nina (El Nino) tend to increase (reduce) the occurrence rate of heat waves. The temperatures over the central United States are mostly influenced by El Nino/La Nina, with the central tropical Pacific playing a more important role than the eastern tropical Pacific. Thus, atmospheric and land initial conditions, SSTs, and radiative forcing are all important drivers of and sources of predictability for U.S. summer heat waves. C1 [Jia, Liwei] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jia, Liwei; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Yang, Xiaosong; Gudgel, Richard G.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Stern, William F.; Paffendorf, Karen; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Yang, Xiaosong] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Underwood, Seth D.] Engil Corp, Chantilly, VA USA. RP Jia, LW (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Liwei.Jia@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office; NOAA/OAR under the National Earth System Prediction Capability (National ESPC) FX The authors thank Drs. Nathaniel Johnson and Jonghun Kam for insightful comments in an earlier version of this manuscript. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work is supported in part by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office. Drs. G. Vecchi and X. Yang are supported by NOAA/OAR under the auspices of the National Earth System Prediction Capability (National ESPC). NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 11 BP 4121 EP 4135 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0471.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM2SP UT WOS:000376197900012 ER PT J AU Eslinger, PW Bowyer, TW Achim, P Chai, TF Deconninck, B Freeman, K Generoso, S Hayes, P Heidmann, V Hoffman, I Kijima, Y Krysta, M Malo, A Maurer, C Ngan, F Robins, P Ross, JO Saunier, O Schlosser, C Schoppner, M Schrom, BT Seibert, P Stein, AF Ungar, K Yi, J AF Eslinger, Paul W. Bowyer, Ted W. Achim, Pascal Chai, Tianfeng Deconninck, Benoit Freeman, Katie Generoso, Sylvia Hayes, Philip Heidmann, Verena Hoffman, Ian Kijima, Yuichi Krysta, Monika Malo, Alain Maurer, Christian Ngan, Fantine Robins, Peter Ross, J. Ole Saunier, Olivier Schlosser, Clemens Schoeppner, Michael Schrom, Brian T. Seibert, Petra Stein, Ariel F. Ungar, Kurt Yi, Jing TI International challenge to predict the impact of radioxenon releases from medical isotope production on a comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty sampling station SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Medical isotope production; Xe-133; Source-term estimation; Atmospheric modeling; CTBTO ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; DISPERSION MODEL FLEXPART; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; PRODUCTION FACILITIES; RADIOACTIVE XENON; CTBT VERIFICATION; SYSTEM; ENSEMBLE; DEPOSITION; GAS AB The International Monitoring System (IMS) is part of the verification regime for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty Organization (CTBTO). At entry-into-force, half of the 80 radionuclide stations will be able to measure concentrations of several radioactive xenon isotopes produced in nuclear explosions, and then the full network may be populated with xenon monitoring afterward. An understanding of natural and man-made radionuclide backgrounds can be used in accordance with the provisions of the treaty (such as event screening criteria in Annex 2 to the Protocol of the Treaty) for the effective implementation of the verification regime. Fission-based production of Mo-99 for medical purposes also generates nuisance radioxenon isotopes that are usually vented to the atmosphere. One of the ways to account for the effect emissions from medical isotope production has on radionuclide samples from the IMS is to use stack monitoring data, if they are available, and atmospheric transport modeling. Recently, individuals from seven nations participated in a challenge exercise that used atmospheric transport modeling to predict the time-history of Xe-133 concentration measurements at the IMS radionuclide station in Germany using stack monitoring data from a medical isotope production facility in Belgium. Participants received only stack monitoring data and used the atmospheric transport model and meteorological data of their choice. Some of the models predicted the highest measured concentrations quite well. A model comparison rank and ensemble analysis suggests that combining multiple models may provide more accurate predicted concentrations than any single model. None of the submissions based only on the stack monitoring data predicted the small measured concentrations very well. Modeling of sources by other nuclear facilities with smaller releases than medical isotope production facilities may be important in understanding how to discriminate those releases from releases from a nuclear explosion. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eslinger, Paul W.; Bowyer, Ted W.; Schrom, Brian T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Achim, Pascal; Generoso, Sylvia] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Chai, Tianfeng; Ngan, Fantine; Stein, Ariel F.] NOAA Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Deconninck, Benoit] Inst Radioelements, Fleurus, Belgium. [Freeman, Katie; Robins, Peter] AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Hayes, Philip] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Patrick Air Force Base, FL USA. [Heidmann, Verena; Schlosser, Clemens] Fed Off Radiat Protect Bundesamt Strahlenschutz B, Frieburg, Switzerland. [Hoffman, Ian; Ungar, Kurt; Yi, Jing] Hlth Canada, Radiat Protect Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Kijima, Yuichi] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. [Krysta, Monika] Int Data Ctr, CTBTO, Vienna, Austria. [Malo, Alain] Environm Canada, Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Maurer, Christian] Zent Anstalt Meteorol & Geodynam, Vienna, Austria. [Ross, J. Ole] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources BGR, Hannover, Germany. [Saunier, Olivier] French Inst Radiat Protect & Nucl Safety, Fontenay Aux Roses, France. [Schoeppner, Michael] Princeton Univ, Program Sci & Global Secur, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Seibert, Petra] Unziv Nat Resources & Life Sci, Inst Meteorol, Vienna, Austria. [Seibert, Petra] Univ Vienna, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, Vienna, Austria. RP Eslinger, PW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K7-76,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA USA. EM paul.w.eslinger@pnnl.gov; ted.bowyer@pnnl.gov; pascal.achim@cea.fr; tianfeng.chai@noaa.gov; Benoit.Deconninck@ire-elit.eu; sylvia.generoso@cea.fr; philip.hayes.2@us.af.mil; ian.hoffman@hc-sc.gc.ca; kijima.yuichi@jaea.go.jp; monika.krysta@ctbto.org; christian.maurer@zamg.ac.at; fantine.ngan@noaa.gov; peter.robins@awe.co.uk; ole.ross@bgr.de; olivier.saunier@irsn.fr; cschlosser@bfs.de; schoeppner@princeton.edu; brian.schrom@pnnl.gov; petra.seibert@univie.ac.at; ariel.stein@noaa.gov; Kurt.Ungar@hc-sc.gc.ca RI Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010; Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012; OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641; Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727; Malo, Alain/0000-0003-2441-3216 FU U.S. Department of State; U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX Some of the authors wish to acknowledge the funding support of the U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X EI 1879-1700 J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 157 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.03.001 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DL7HL UT WOS:000375811700005 PM 26998569 ER PT J AU Fatichi, S Vivoni, ER Ogden, FL Ivanov, VY Mirus, B Gochis, D Downer, CW Camporese, M Davison, JH Ebel, BA Jones, N Kim, J Mascaro, G Niswonger, R Restrepo, P Rigon, R Shen, C Sulis, M Tarboton, D AF Fatichi, Simone Vivoni, Enrique R. Ogden, Fred L. Ivanov, Valeriy Y. Mirus, Benjamin Gochis, David Downer, Charles W. Camporese, Matteo Davison, Jason H. Ebel, Brian A. Jones, Norm Kim, Jongho Mascaro, Giuseppe Niswonger, Richard Restrepo, Pedro Rigon, Riccardo Shen, Chaopeng Sulis, Mauro Tarboton, David TI An overview of current applications, challenges, and future trends in distributed process-based models in hydrology SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Review DE Modeling; Interdisciplinary; Watershed processes; Virtual experiments; Change assessments; Natural and built environment ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; VARIABLY SATURATED FLOW; SURFACE PROCESSES MODEL; EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; LAND-SURFACE; CATCHMENT-SCALE; SOIL-MOISTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DATA ASSIMILATION; RESPONSE SIMULATION AB Process-based hydrological models have a long history dating back to the 1960s. Criticized by some as over-parameterized, overly complex, and difficult to use, a more nuanced view is that these tools are necessary in many situations and, in a certain class of problems, they are the most appropriate type of hydrological model. This is especially the case in situations where knowledge of flow paths or distributed state variables and/or preservation of physical constraints is important. Examples of this include: spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture, groundwater flow and runoff generation, sediment and contaminant transport, or when feedbacks among various Earth's system processes or understanding the impacts of climate non-stationarity are of primary concern. These are situations where process-based models excel and other models are unverifiable. This article presents this pragmatic view in the context of existing literature to justify the approach where applicable and necessary. We review how improvements in data availability, computational resources and algorithms have made detailed hydrological simulations a reality. Avenues for the future of process-based hydrological models are presented suggesting their use as virtual laboratories, for design purposes, and with a powerful treatment of uncertainty. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fatichi, Simone] ETH, Inst Environm Engn, Stefano Franscini Pl 5,HIL D 23-2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Vivoni, Enrique R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Vivoni, Enrique R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ USA. [Ogden, Fred L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Ivanov, Valeriy Y.; Kim, Jongho] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mirus, Benjamin] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Gochis, David] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Downer, Charles W.] Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hydrol Syst Branch, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Camporese, Matteo] Univ Padua, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Padua, Italy. [Davison, Jason H.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Ebel, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Jones, Norm] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Kim, Jongho] Sejong Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Mascaro, Giuseppe] Arizona State Univ, Julie Anne Wrigley Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Niswonger, Richard] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Restrepo, Pedro] NOAA, North Cent River Forecast Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Chanhassen, MN USA. [Rigon, Riccardo] Univ Trento, Dipartimen Ingn Civile Ambientale & Meccan, Trento, Italy. [Rigon, Riccardo] Univ Trento, CUDAM, Trento, Italy. [Shen, Chaopeng] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sulis, Mauro] Univ Bonn, Meteorol Inst, Bonn, Germany. [Tarboton, David] Utah State Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Fatichi, S (reprint author), ETH, Inst Environm Engn, Stefano Franscini Pl 5,HIL D 23-2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM simone.fatichi@ifu.baug.ethz.ch RI Vivoni, Enrique/E-1202-2012; Camporese, Matteo/I-5405-2012; Mascaro, Giuseppe/K-5504-2013; Rigon, Riccardo/B-5395-2008; OI Vivoni, Enrique/0000-0002-2659-9459; Camporese, Matteo/0000-0002-7505-798X; Mascaro, Giuseppe/0000-0003-4516-1206; Rigon, Riccardo/0000-0002-7668-5806; Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963; Fatichi, Simone/0000-0003-1361-6659 FU Stavros Niarchos Foundation; ETH Zurich Foundation [ETH-29 14-2]; NSF [EAR 1151443]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB/TR32] FX This article resulted from discussions held during the session "High Resolution Hydrologic Modeling: Challenges and Avenues for Development" at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2013 in San Francisco, USA. Luke McGuire, USGS, provided a useful review of an earlier draft of this manuscript. We thank Massimo Dotti for the references about astrophysics. SF thanks the support of the Stavros Niarchos Foundation and the ETH Zurich Foundation (Grant ETH-29 14-2). VI acknowledges the support of NSF Grant EAR 1151443. MS acknowledges financial support from SFB/TR32 (Patterns in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Systems: Monitoring, Modeling, and Data Assimilation) funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 290 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 63 U2 116 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 537 BP 45 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.03.026 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DM2XU UT WOS:000376212200007 ER PT J AU Pavlovic, S Perica, S St Laurent, M Mejia, A AF Pavlovic, Sandra Perica, Sanja St Laurent, Michael Mejia, Alfonso TI Intercomparison of selected fixed-area areal reduction factor methods SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Areal Reduction Factors; Point-to-area precipitation conversion; Areal rainfall frequency estimates; Areal precipitation frequency estimates ID FREQUENCY RELATIONSHIPS; HYDROLOGIC SIMILARITY; RADAR-RAINFALL; POINT RAINFALL; GAUGE; DERIVATION; SATELLITE; SCALE; TRANSFORMATION; OKLAHOMA AB The areal reduction factor (ARF) is a concept used in many hydrologic designs to transform a point precipitation frequency estimate of a given duration and frequency to a corresponding areal estimate. Various methods have been proposed in the literature to calculate ARFs. Proposed ARFs could vary significantly, and it is unclear if discrepancies are primarily due to differences in methodologies, the dissimilar datasets used to calculate ARFs, or if they originate from regional uniqueness. Our goal in this study is to analyze differences among ARFs derived from different types of fixed-area ARF methods, which are suitable for use with precipitation frequency estimates. For this intercomparison, all the ARFs were computed using the same, high-quality rainfall-radar merged dataset for a common geographic region. The selected ARFs methods represent four commonly used approaches: empirical methods, methods that are based on the spatial correlation structure of rainfall, methods that rely on the scaling properties of rainfall in space and time, and methods that utilize extreme value theory. The state of Oklahoma was selected as the study area, as it has a good quality radar data and a dense network of rain gauges. Results indicate significant uncertainties in the ARF estimates, regardless of the method used. Even when calculated from the same dataset and for the same geographic area, the ARF estimates from the selected methods differ. The differences are more pronounced for the shorter durations and larger areas. Results also indicate some ARF dependence on the average recurrence intervals. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pavlovic, Sandra; Perica, Sanja; St Laurent, Michael] NOAA, Natl Water Ctr, NWS, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Pavlovic, Sandra; St Laurent, Michael] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Mejia, Alfonso] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Pavlovic, S (reprint author), NOAAs Natl Weather Serv, Natl Water Ctr, 1325 East West Highway,SSMC Bldg 2, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM sandra.pavlovic@noaa.gov FU Hydrometeorological Design Studies Center's team at NOAA's NWS FX We are thankful for the support and assistance provided by the Hydrometeorological Design Studies Center's team at NOAA's NWS while carrying out this research. We are thankful to the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions, they helped improve the overall quality of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 537 BP 419 EP 430 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.03.027 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DM2XU UT WOS:000376212200038 ER PT J AU Lucon, E McCowan, CN Santoyo, RL AF Lucon, Enrico McCowan, Chris N. Santoyo, Raymond L. TI Overview of NIST Activities on Subsize and Miniaturized Charpy Specimens: Correlations With Full-Size Specimens and Verification Specimens for Small-Scale Pendulum Machines SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB NIST in Boulder, CO investigated the correlations between impact test results obtained from standard, full-size Charpy V-notch (CVN) specimens and specimens with reduced thickness (subsize Charpy V-notch specimens (SCVN)) or reduced or scaled cross section dimensions (miniaturized Charpy V-notch specimens (MCVN)). A database of instrumented impact test results was generated from four line pipe steels: two quenched alloy steels, a tempered alloy steel, and a 18 Ni maraging steel. Correlations between specimen types were established and compared with the previously published relationships, considering absorbed energy (KV), ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT), and upper shelf energy (USE). Acceptable correlations were found for the different parameters, even though the uncertainty of predictions appears exacerbated by the expected significant experimental scatter. Furthermore, we report on the development of MCVN specimens for the indirect verification of small-scale pendulum machines (with potential energies between 15 J and 50 J), which cannot be verified with full-size verification specimens. Small-scale pendulum machines can now be verified at room temperature with certified reference specimens of KLST type (3 mm x 4 mm x 27 mm), supplied by NIST at three certified KV levels (low energy (LL), 1.59 J; high energy (HH), 5.64 J; and super-high (SH) energy, 10.05 J). These specimens can also be used to verify the performance of instrumented Charpy strikers through certified maximum force values. Certified reference values for both KV and maximum force were established by means of an interlaboratory comparison (Round-Robin), which involved nine qualified and experienced international laboratories. C1 [Lucon, Enrico; McCowan, Chris N.; Santoyo, Raymond L.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lucon, E (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM enrico.lucon@nist.gov; chrismccowan81@gmail.com; raymond.santoyo@nist.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 EI 1528-8978 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2016 VL 138 IS 3 AR 031405 DI 10.1115/1.4032474 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA DM1DX UT WOS:000376086600013 ER PT J AU Albers, JR Kiladis, GN Birner, T Dias, J AF Albers, John R. Kiladis, George N. Birner, Thomas Dias, Juliana TI Tropical Upper-Tropospheric Potential Vorticity Intrusions during Sudden Stratospheric Warmings SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ROSSBY-WAVE BREAKING; PART I; POLAR VORTEX; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; SUBTROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; PLANETARY-WAVES; JANUARY 2009; CONVECTION; CLIMATOLOGY AB The intrusion of lower-stratospheric extratropical potential vorticity into the tropical upper troposphere in the weeks surrounding the occurrence of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) is examined. The analysis reveals that SSW-related PV intrusions are significantly stronger, penetrate more deeply into the tropics, and exhibit distinct geographic distributions compared to their climatological counterparts. While climatological upper-tropospheric and lower-stratospheric (UTLS) PV intrusions are generally attributed to synoptic-scale Rossby wave breaking, it is found that SSW-related PV intrusions are governed by planetary-scale wave disturbances that deform the extratropical meridional PV gradient maximum equatorward. As these deformations unfold, planetary-scale wave breaking along the edge of the polar vortex extends deeply into the subtropical and tropical UTLS. In addition, the material PV deformations also reorganize the geographic structure of the UTLS waveguide, which alters where synoptic-scale waves break. In combination, these two intrusion mechanisms provide a robust explanation describing why displacement and split SSWs-or, more generally, anomalous stratospheric planetary wave events-produce intrusions with unique geographic distributions: displacement SSWs have a single PV intrusion maximum over the Pacific Ocean, while split SSWs have intrusion maxima over the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is also shown that the two intrusion mechanisms involve distinct time scales of variability, and it is highlighted that they represent an instantaneous and direct link between the stratosphere and troposphere. This is in contrast to higher-latitude stratosphere-troposphere coupling that occurs indirectly via wave-mean flow feedbacks. C1 [Albers, John R.; Dias, Juliana] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Albers, John R.; Kiladis, George N.; Dias, Juliana] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Birner, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Albers, JR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM john.albers@noaa.gov RI Birner, Thomas/A-2108-2008 OI Birner, Thomas/0000-0002-2966-3428 FU NSF Atmospheric and Geospace Science Postdoctoral Fellowship; NASA Grant [NNX13AM24G] FX We appreciate the careful and constructive comments from three anonymous reviewers that contributed to improving the content and presentation of the manuscript. This work was supported by the NSF Atmospheric and Geospace Science Postdoctoral Fellowship program and NASA Grant NNX13AM24G (JRA). The authors thank Maria Gehne and David Allured for preparation and archiving of the ERA-Interim data that were originally provided by NCAR. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 6 BP 2361 EP 2384 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0238.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM2TA UT WOS:000376199100006 ER PT J AU Glover, JL Hudson, LT AF Glover, Jack L. Hudson, Lawrence T. TI An objectively-analyzed method for measuring the useful penetration of x-ray imaging systems SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE x-ray imaging; useful penetration; technical performance standards; object detection; image processing; objective testing AB The ability to detect wires is an important capability of the cabinet x-ray imaging systems that are used in aviation security as well as the portable x-ray systems that are used by domestic law enforcement and military bomb squads. A number of national and international standards describe methods for testing this capability using the so called useful penetration test metric, where wires are imaged behind different thicknesses of blocking material. Presently, these tests are scored based on human judgments of wire visibility, which are inherently subjective. We propose a new method in which the useful penetration capabilities of an x-ray system are objectively evaluated by an image processing algorithm operating on digital images of a standard test object. The algorithm advantageously applies the Radon transform for curve parameter detection that reduces the problem of wire detection from two dimensions to one. The sensitivity of the wire detection method is adjustable and we demonstrate how the threshold parameter can be set to give agreement with human-judged results. The method was developed to be used in technical performance standards and is currently under ballot for inclusion in an international aviation security standard. C1 [Glover, Jack L.; Hudson, Lawrence T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Glover, Jack L.] Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Glover, JL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Glover, JL (reprint author), Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jlglover@nist.gov FU Science and Technology Directorate of the US Department of Homeland Security [HSHQPM015-T-00021] FX We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with H K Iyer of the NIST Statistical Engineering Division. This material is based upon work supported by the Science and Technology Directorate of the US Department of Homeland Security under Awards # HSHQPM015-T-00021. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 27 IS 6 AR 065402 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/27/6/065402 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DM2KP UT WOS:000376175800019 ER PT J AU Avila, JA Lucon, E Sowards, J Mei, PR Ramirez, AJ AF Avila, Julian A. Lucon, Enrico Sowards, Jeffrey Mei, Paulo Roberto Ramirez, Antonio J. TI Assessment of Ductile-to-Brittle Transition Behavior of Localized Microstructural Regions in a Friction-Stir Welded X80 Pipeline Steel with Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch Testing SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; LOW-CARBON; ZONE AB Friction-stir welding (FSW) is an alternative welding process for pipelines. This technology offers sound welds, good repeatability, and excellent mechanical properties. However, it is of paramount importance to determine the toughness of the welds at low temperatures in order to establish the limits of this technology. Ductile-to-brittle transition curves were generated in the present study by using a small-scale instrumented Charpy machine and miniaturized V-notch specimens (Kleinstprobe, KLST); notches were located in base metal, heat-affected, stirred, and hard zones within a FSW joint of API-5L X80 Pipeline Steel. Specimens were tested at temperatures between 77 K (-196 A degrees C) and 298 K (25 A degrees C). Based on the results obtained, the transition temperatures for the base material and heat-affected zone were below 173 K (-100 A degrees C); conversely, for the stirred and hard zones, it was located around 213 K (-60 A degrees C). Fracture surfaces were characterized and showed a ductile fracture mechanism at high impact energies and a mixture of ductile and brittle mechanisms at low impact energies. (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2016 [GRAPHICS] C1 [Avila, Julian A.; Mei, Paulo Roberto; Ramirez, Antonio J.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sch Mech Engn, Rua Mendeleyev 200, BR-13083860 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Avila, Julian A.] Brazilian Nanotechnol Natl Lab, Rua Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Lucon, Enrico; Sowards, Jeffrey] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Struct Mat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lucon, Enrico] Protiro Inc, Denver, CO 80207 USA. [Ramirez, Antonio J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1248 Arthur E Adams Dr, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. RP Ramirez, AJ (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Sch Mech Engn, Rua Mendeleyev 200, BR-13083860 Campinas, SP, Brazil.; Ramirez, AJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1248 Arthur E Adams Dr, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. EM ramirezlondono.1@osu.edu RI Mei, Paulo/J-1985-2012; OI Avila, Julian /0000-0002-5893-4725 FU Colciencias [512]; Petrobras; NIST; LNNano/CNPEM FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of Colciencias by the Scholarship No. 512 from 2010. We would like to thank the following institutions: Petrobras, NIST, and LNNano/CNPEM for providing funding and laboratory facilities where this work was developed; and TenarisConfab for the materials donation. Special thanks are due to Chris McCowan (NIST) for his useful suggestions during this work. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 47A IS 6 BP 2855 EP 2865 DI 10.1007/s11661-016-3473-z PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DL0NW UT WOS:000375330700031 ER PT J AU Martin, RG Lubow, SH Nixon, C Armitage, PJ AF Martin, Rebecca G. Lubow, Stephen H. Nixon, Chris Armitage, Philip J. TI Planet-disc evolution and the formation of Kozai-Lidov planets SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; hydrodynamics; planets and satellites: formation; binaries: general ID BINARY STAR SYSTEMS; SPIN-ORBIT MISALIGNMENT; ACCRETION DISCS; HOT JUPITERS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; GIANT PLANETS; ECCENTRICITY GROWTH; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; ALMA OBSERVATIONS; INCLINED ORBIT AB With hydrodynamical simulations, we determine the conditions under which an initially coplanar planet-disc system that orbits a member of amisaligned binary star evolves to form a planet that undergoes Kozai-Lidov (KL) oscillations once the disc disperses. These oscillations may explain the large orbital eccentricities, as well as the large misalignments with respect to the spin of the central star, observed for some exoplanets. The planet is assumed to be massive enough to open a gap in the disc. The planet's tilt relative to the binary orbital plane is subject to two types of oscillations. The first type, present at even small inclination angles relative to the binary orbital plane, is due to the interaction of the planet with the disc and binary companion and is amplified by a secular resonance. The second type of oscillation is the KL oscillation that operates on both the planet and disc at larger binary inclination angles. We find that for a sufficiently massive disc, even a relatively low inclination planet-disc system can force a planet to an inclination above the critical KL angle, as a consequence of the first type of tilt oscillation, allowing it to undergo the second type of oscillation. We conclude that the hydrodynamical evolution of a sufficiently massive and inclined disc in a binary system broadens the range of systems that form eccentric and misaligned giant planets to include a wide range of initial misalignment angles (20 degrees less than or similar to i less than or similar to 160 degrees). C1 [Martin, Rebecca G.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, 4505 South Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Lubow, Stephen H.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nixon, Chris] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, UCB 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Martin, RG (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, 4505 South Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM rebecca.martin@unlv.edu FU NASA [NNX11AK61G, NNX13AI58G]; Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/M005917/1]; STFC Consolidated Grant; NSF [AST 1313021] FX SHL acknowledges support from NASA grant NNX11AK61G. CN was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant number ST/M005917/1). Research in theoretical astrophysics at Leicester is supported by an STFC Consolidated Grant. PJA acknowledges support from NASA through grant NNX13AI58G and from the NSF through grant AST 1313021. We acknowledge the use of SPLASH (Price 2007) for the rendering of the figures. Computer support was provided by UNLV's National Supercomputing Center. We thank Daniel Price for use of the PHANTOM code. NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 458 IS 4 BP 4345 EP 4353 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw605 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DL7DG UT WOS:000375799500074 ER PT J AU Murakami, H Villarini, G Vecchi, GA Zhang, W Gudgel, R AF Murakami, Hiroyuki Villarini, Gabriele Vecchi, Gabriel A. Zhang, Wei Gudgel, Richard TI Statistical-Dynamical Seasonal Forecast of North Atlantic and US Landfalling Tropical Cyclones Using the High-Resolution GFDL FLOR Coupled Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Tropical cyclones; Forecasting; Seasonal forecasting; Statistical forecasting ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DISSIPATION INDEX PDI; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; CLIMATE MODELS; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; PREDICTION MODELS; ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; MERIDIONAL MODES; ENERGY ACE; EL-NINO AB Retrospective seasonal forecasts of North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the period 1980-2014 are conducted using a GFDL high-resolution coupled climate model [Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR)]. The focus is on basin-total TC and U.S. landfall frequency. The correlations between observed and model predicted basin-total TC counts range from 0.4 to 0.6 depending on the month of the initial forecast. The correlation values for U.S. landfalling activity based on individual TCs tracked from the model are smaller and between 0.1 and 0.4. Given the limited skill from the model, statistical methods are used to complement the dynamical seasonal TC prediction from the FLOR model. Observed and predicted TC tracks were classified into four groups using fuzzy c-mean clustering to evaluate the model's predictability in observed classification of TC tracks. Analyses revealed that the FLOR model has the highest skill in predicting TC frequency for the cluster of TCs that tracks through the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico.New hybrid models are developed to improve the prediction of observed basin-total TC and landfall TC frequencies. These models use large-scale climate predictors from the FLOR model as predictors for generalized linear models. The hybrid models show considerable improvements in the skill in predicting the basin-total TC frequencies relative to the dynamical model. The new hybrid model shows correlation coefficients as high as 0.75 for basinwide TC counts from the first two lead months and retains values around 0.50 even at the 6-month lead forecast. The hybrid model also shows comparable or higher skill in forecasting U.S. landfalling TCs relative to the dynamical predictions. The correlation coefficient is about 0.5 for the 2-5-month lead times. C1 [Murakami, Hiroyuki; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Zhang, Wei] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Murakami, Hiroyuki; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Zhang, Wei] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. [Gudgel, Richard] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Murakami, H (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM hir.murakami@gmail.com RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Zhang, Wei/0000-0001-8134-6908 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1262099, NA14OAR4830101]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA14OAR4830101]; USACE Institute for Water Resources FX This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1262099, Award NA14OAR4830101 to the Trustees of Princeton University (Gabriele Villarini). This report was prepared by Hiroyuki Murakami under Award NA14OAR4830101 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. Gabriele Villarini also acknowledges financial support from the USACE Institute for Water Resources. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Department of Commerce, or the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The authors thank Dr. Jan-Huey Chen, Dr. Lakshmi Krishnamurthy, and the review comments and suggestions by Dr. Phil Klotzbach and five anonymous reviewers. NR 93 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 144 IS 6 BP 2101 EP 2123 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0308.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM5MP UT WOS:000376393600001 ER PT J AU Han, JY Hong, SY Lim, KS Han, J AF Han, Ji-Young Hong, Song-You Sunny Lim, Kyo-Sun Han, Jongil TI Sensitivity of a Cumulus Parameterization Scheme to Precipitation Production Representation and Its Impact on a Heavy Rain Event over Korea SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Models and modeling; Convective parameterization; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; GLOBAL FORECAST SYSTEM; CONVECTION SCHEME; SUMMER MONSOON; CLIMATE; FLUX; CIRCULATION; IMPLEMENTATION; CLOUDS; CAM5 AB The sensitivity of a cumulus parameterization scheme (CPS) to a representation of precipitation production is examined. To do this, the parameter that determines the fraction of cloud condensate converted to precipitation in the simplified Arakawa-Schubert (SAS) convection scheme is modified following the results from a cloud-resolving simulation. While the original conversion parameter is assumed to be constant, the revised parameter includes a temperature dependency above the freezing level, which leads to less production of frozen precipitating condensate with height. The revised CPS has been evaluated for a heavy rainfall event over Korea as well as medium-range forecasts using the Global/Regional Integrated Model system (GRIMs). The inefficient conversion of cloud condensate to convective precipitation at colder temperatures generally leads to a decrease in precipitation, especially in the category of heavy rainfall. The resultant increase of detrained moisture induces moistening and cooling at the top of clouds. A statistical evaluation of the medium-range forecasts with the revised precipitation conversion parameter shows an overall improvement of the forecast skill in precipitation and large-scale fields, indicating importance of more realistic representation of microphysical processes in CPSs. C1 [Han, Ji-Young; Hong, Song-You] Korea Inst Atmospher Predict Syst, 4F,Hankuk Comp Bldg,35 Boramae Ro 5 Gil, Seoul 07071, South Korea. [Sunny Lim, Kyo-Sun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Han, Jongil] Syst Res Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Han, Jongil] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Han, JY (reprint author), Korea Inst Atmospher Predict Syst, 4F,Hankuk Comp Bldg,35 Boramae Ro 5 Gil, Seoul 07071, South Korea. EM jy.han@kiaps.org RI Hong, Song-You/I-3824-2012 FU Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems (KIAPS) - Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA); DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX The authors are grateful to the editor and three anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on this work. The first and second authors were supported by the R&D project on the development of global numerical weather prediction systems of the Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems (KIAPS) funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the KIAPS Forecasts Verification team. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 144 IS 6 BP 2125 EP 2135 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0255.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM5MS UT WOS:000376393900001 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Levine, LE Allen, AJ Campbell, CE Creuziger, AA Kazantseva, N Ilavsky, J AF Zhang, Fan Levine, Lyle E. Allen, Andrew J. Campbell, Carelyn E. Creuziger, Adam A. Kazantseva, Nataliya Ilavsky, Jan TI In situ structural characterization of ageing kinetics in aluminum alloy 2024 across angstrom-to-micrometer length scales SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Al-Cu-Mg alloys; Precipitates; Kinetics; In situ; Small angle X-ray scattering ID AL-CU-MG; FRICTION STIR WELDS; PRECIPITATION KINETICS; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GPB ZONES; PART I; SCATTERING; NUCLEATION; EVOLUTION AB The precipitate structure and precipitation kinetics in an Al-Cu-Mg alloy (AA2024) aged at 190 degrees C, 208 degrees C, and 226 degrees C have been studied using ex situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and in situ synchrotron-based, combined ultra-small angle X-ray scattering, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) across a length scale from sub-Angstrom to several micrometers. TEM brings information concerning the nature, morphology, and size of the precipitates while SAXS and WAXS provide qualitative and quantitative information concerning the time-dependent size and volume fraction evolution of the precipitates at different stages of the precipitation sequence. Within the experimental time resolution, precipitation at these ageing temperatures involves dissolution of nanometer-sized small clusters and formation of the planar S phase precipitates. Using a three parameter scattering model constructed on the basis of TEM results, we established the temperature dependent kinetics for the cluster-dissolution and S-phase formation processes simultaneously. These two processes are shown to have different kinetic rates, with the cluster-dissolution rate approximately double the S-phase formation rate. We identified a dissolution activation energy at (149.5 +/- 14.6) kJ mol(-1), which translates to (1.55 +/- 0.15) eV/atom, as well as an activation energy for the formation of S precipitates at (129.2 +/- 5.4) kJ mol(-1), i.e. (1.33 +/- 0.06) eV/atom. Importantly, the SAXS/WAXS results show the absence of an intermediate Guinier-Preston Bagaryatsky 2 (GPB2)/S '' phase in the samples under the experimental ageing conditions. These results are further validated by precipitation simulations that are based on Langer-Schwartz theory and a Kampmann-Wagner numerical method. (C) 2016 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Fan; Levine, Lyle E.; Allen, Andrew J.; Campbell, Carelyn E.; Creuziger, Adam A.; Kazantseva, Nataliya] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kazantseva, Nataliya] Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Urals Branch, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. [Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fan.zhang@nist.gov RI Kazantseva, Nataliya/I-7647-2013; Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013 OI Kazantseva, Nataliya/0000-0002-4143-1064; Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 FU Division of Chemistry (CHE), National Science Foundation [NSF/CHE-1346572]; Division of Materials Research (DMR), National Science Foundation [NSF/CHE-1346572]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the Divisions of Chemistry (CHE) and Materials Research (DMR), National Science Foundation, under grant number NSF/CHE-1346572. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 111 BP 385 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.03.058 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DL7HP UT WOS:000375812100040 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL AF Rukhin, Andrew L. TI Decision-theoretic issues in heterogeneity variance estimation SO ANNALS OF THE INSTITUTE OF STATISTICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Bayes estimator; Loss function; Meta-analysis; Minimax value; Random effects model; Stein phenomenon ID MINIMAX ESTIMATION; BAYES ESTIMATORS; SCALE PARAMETER; RISK; LIKELIHOOD; MODEL AB Motivated by a heteroscedastic random effects setting of meta-analysis, a general model for the between-study variance is studied from the decision-theoretic point of view. This model leads to estimation of a linear in the variance reciprocals, random function or to simultaneous inference on curve-confined natural parameters of independent heterogeneous chi(2)-random variables with given degrees of freedom. A form of the Stein phenomenon for the suggested loss functions is noted; the exact minimax value is determined, and minimax estimators are derived. C1 [Rukhin, Andrew L.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0020-3157 EI 1572-9052 J9 ANN I STAT MATH JI Ann. Inst. Stat. Math. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 68 IS 3 BP 571 EP 588 DI 10.1007/s10463-015-0505-1 PG 18 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA DJ9WE UT WOS:000374563100004 ER PT J AU Carrillo, L Johns, EM Smith, RH Lamkin, JT Largier, JL AF Carrillo, L. Johns, E. M. Smith, R. H. Lamkin, J. T. Largier, J. L. TI Pathways and hydrography in the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System Part 2: Water masses and thermohaline structure SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Yucatan Current; Mesoamerican Barrier Reef; Hydrography; Water masses; Geostrophy ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER; YUCATAN PENINSULA; COZUMEL CHANNEL; COASTAL ZONE; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; AQUIFER; EDDIES; GULF AB Hydrographic data from two oceanographic cruises conducted during March 2006 and January/February 2007 are used to investigate the thermohaline structure related to the observed circulation along, the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS). From our observations we identify three water masses in the MBRS: the Caribbean Surface Water (CSW), North Atlantic Subtropical Underwater (SUW), and Tropical Atlantic Central Water (TACW). Little vertical structure in temperature is observed in the upper 100 m of the water column, but important differences are observed in the salinity distribution both horizontally and with depth. Freshwater inputs to the system from the mainland can be traced in the surface layer, with two possible sources: one from surface rivers located along the southern portion of the MBRS, and the other originating from an underground river system located along the northern portion of the MBRS. The thermohaline structure in the MBRS reflects the dynamics of the observed circulation. Uplifted isopycnals along most of the central and northern coastline of the MBRS reflect the effects of the strong geostrophic circulation flowing northward, i.e. the Yucatan Current. To the south along the MBRS, much weaker velocities are observed, with the Honduras Gyre dominating the flow in this region as presented during January/February 2007. These two regions are separated by onshore and divergent alongshore flow associated with the impingement of the Cayman Current on the shore and the MBRS. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carrillo, L.] Colegio Frontera Sur, Dept Sistemat & Ecol Acuat, Ave Centenario Km 5-5, Chetmal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Johns, E. M.; Smith, R. H.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lamkin, J. T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Largier, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, POB 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. RP Carrillo, L (reprint author), Colegio Frontera Sur, Dept Sistemat & Ecol Acuat, Ave Centenario Km 5-5, Chetmal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico. EM lcarrillo@ecosur.mx RI Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013; Smith, Ryan/A-5706-2011 OI Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052; Smith, Ryan/0000-0001-9824-6989 FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program [1244]; NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; Southeast Fisheries Science Center; ECOSUR FX CTD data were provided to NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program and are on file at the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) and Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) Library. This work has been partially supported by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program #1244. This work was partially supported by the base funding of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and Southeast Fisheries Science Center. Partial support for L. Carrillo was provided by ECOSUR. Ship time was provided by NOAA under the projects Larval Fish and Physical Oceanography Survey of the Mesoamerican Reef System, and Mesoamerican System Transport and Ecology Research. We thank the Captain and crew of the NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter, M. Yescas for his valuable assistance on graphics, and E. Malca and L. Vasquez-Yeomans for coordinating and for participating in the surveys. M. Lavin and Alberto Amador gave valuable advice which improved an earlier version of this manuscript, as did the comments and suggestions of the anonymous reviewers. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 120 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2016.03.014 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DL4TS UT WOS:000375630700004 ER PT J AU White, CC Tan, KT Hunston, DL Byrd, EW AF White, Christopher C. Tan, Kar Tean Hunston, Donald L. Byrd, Eric W. TI Elevated temperature adhesion testing of spray-applied fire-resistive materials SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ASTM E736; Adhesion; cantilever beam; fracture mechanics; spray-applied fire resistive materials AB Effective fire protection of steel can be fully realized when spray-applied fire resistive materials (SFRMs) are bonded sufficiently to structural steel during the event of a fire. The adhesion mechanisms and characterization at elevated temperatures, however, have remained elusive, owing to a shortage of quantitative experimental measurements of adhesion between SFRMs and structural steel. In complement with recent efforts aiming to measure the adhesion at ambient temperature, this contribution reports an experimental method based on a fracture mechanics approach to quantify temperature dependent adhesion behaviors of SFRMs adhered to steel substrates. Using this test method, it is shown that a sharp loss in adhesion occurs at temperatures well below 200 degrees C, and a less severe rate at higher temperatures. Thermogravimetric analysis and quasi-state uniaxial compression tests reveal that SFRMs undergo pronounced losses in mass and modulus upon elevated temperature exposures, respectively. Additionally, the dependence of the bulk properties on temperature correlates strongly with that of fracture energy. A mechanism based on mechanical softening and dehydration of SFRMs is proposed to explain the thermally induced adhesion loss. Furthermore, a comparison with the ASTM E736 was made by invoking a fracture mechanics theory. Calculation of bond strengths reveals temperature dependence analogous to the fracture energy data. Also, the residual bond strengths above 150 degrees C fall below the threshold value (i.e., 7.2kPa or 150lb/ft(2)) described in the ASTM E736. Importantly, the SFRMs are found to retain appreciable bond strengths greater than their own body masses, permitting them to remain intact in the event of a fire, in the absence of external perturbations. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [White, Christopher C.; Tan, Kar Tean; Hunston, Donald L.; Byrd, Eric W.] NIST, Engn Lab Mat & Struct Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP White, CC (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab Mat & Struct Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0308-0501 EI 1099-1018 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 40 IS 4 BP 519 EP 534 DI 10.1002/fam.2307 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DJ8WM UT WOS:000374494100001 ER PT J AU Melvin, GD Kloser, R Honkalehto, T AF Melvin, Gary D. Kloser, Rudy Honkalehto, Taina TI The adaptation of acoustic data from commercial fishing vessels in resource assessment and ecosystem monitoring SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fishing vessels; Methods; Ecosystems ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER; EASTERN BERING-SEA; ABUNDANCE ESTIMATION; TARGET-STRENGTH; SCALE; CLASSIFICATION; GEOSTATISTICS; INDICATOR; FISHERIES AB The collection of scientific data from commercial fishing vessels will play an important role in the future assessment of fish stocks and ecosystem monitoring. Currently fishing vessel acoustic data collections range from fully structured random/systematic surveys to the ad hoc search patterns of pelagic vessels during standard fishing operations, and are used primarily in single species stock assessment. To effectively use these data a good understanding of the data collection methods, analytical procedures, and the limitations of the data is required. Consideration of the limitations and interpretation of the data are a major factor in evaluating the validity of the outputs, the uncertainties associated with the data and the acceptance of the results by the scientific community. In this paper we provide 3 case studies of how acoustic data from commercial fishing vessels are being used to provide information on fish resources and advice to management. We categorize a fishing trip into 3 phases: transiting, searching, and fishing, and we discuss the attributes and limitations of data collected during each phase. Examples of current fishing vessel data collections and their application in resource assessment and environmental monitoring are presented. In addition, we explore opportunities for acoustics to support broad-scale ecosystems monitoring, without interfering with the day-to-day operations of the vessels. Crown Copyright (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Melvin, Gary D.] St Andrews Biol Stn, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, 531 Brandy Cove Rd, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. [Kloser, Rudy] CSIRO, Marine Res Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, POB 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Honkalehto, Taina] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Melvin, GD (reprint author), St Andrews Biol Stn, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, 531 Brandy Cove Rd, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. EM gary.melvin@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 178 SI SI BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.09.010 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DL6HA UT WOS:000375739100003 ER PT J AU Lennert-Cody, CE Maunder, MN Fiedler, PC Minami, M Gerrodette, T Rusin, J Minte-Vera, CV Scott, M Buckland, ST AF Lennert-Cody, Cleridy E. Maunder, Mark N. Fiedler, Paul C. Minami, Mihoko Gerrodette, Tim Rusin, Jeremy Minte-Vera, Carolina V. Scott, Michael Buckland, Stephen T. TI Purse-seine vessels as platforms for monitoring the population status of dolphin species in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dolphin abundance; Line-transect; CPUE; Bycatch; Generalized additive model ID STENELLA-ATTENUATA; SPOTTED DOLPHINS; THUNNUS-ALBACARES; YELLOWFIN TUNA; SIZE; PORPOISE; ASSESSMENTS; MORTALITY; RECOVERY; FISHERY AB In the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) are often found in association with spotted (Stenella attenuata) and spinner (Stenella longirostris) dolphins. Purse-seine vessels use this co-occurrence to locate the tuna by searching for dolphins and associated birds. Data collected by onboard observers since the late 1970s were used to develop indices of relative abundance for dolphins, based on line-transect methodology, when the primary method of detection of dolphin herds was with binoculars. However, trend estimation was subsequently discontinued in 2000 due to concerns about changes in reporting rates of dolphin herd detections with increased use of helicopter and radar search. At present, as a result of a hiatus in fishery-independent surveys since 2006, fisheries observer data are the only source of information with which to monitor the status of eastern tropical Pacific Ocean dolphin populations. In this paper, trend estimation with the onboard observer data is revisited using a sightings-per-unit-effort approach. Despite different assumptions and model structure, the results indicate a lack of independence between the distribution of search effort and the search methods used, and the abundance of dolphin herds associated with tunas, on several spatial and temporal scales. This lack of independence poses a considerable challenge to the development of a reliable index of relative abundance for dolphins with these data. Given these results, alternatives for dolphin abundance estimation are discussed. One alternative is the use of purse-seine vessels for line-transect surveys during fishery closure periods. Another alternative is the use of purse-seine vessels during normal fishing operations as platforms for the collection of mark-recapture data (e.g., passive integrated transponder tags or genetics sampling). Life-history data collection, as a supplement to the collection of other data types, is also discussed. Further research and development is needed to assess whether these alternative methods will be useful. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lennert-Cody, Cleridy E.; Maunder, Mark N.; Minte-Vera, Carolina V.; Scott, Michael] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fiedler, Paul C.; Gerrodette, Tim; Rusin, Jeremy] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Minami, Mihoko] Keio Univ, Dept Math, Kohoku Ku, 3-14-1Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. [Buckland, Stephen T.] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, The Observ, Buchanan Gardens, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. RP Lennert-Cody, CE (reprint author), Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM clennert@iattc.org RI Minte-Vera, Carolina/A-5461-2017 OI Minte-Vera, Carolina/0000-0002-0537-1519 NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 178 SI SI BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.10.005 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DL6HA UT WOS:000375739100011 ER PT J AU Stevick, PT Berrow, SD Berube, M Bouveret, L Broms, F Jann, B Kennedy, A Suarez, PL Meunier, M Ryan, C Wenzel, F AF Stevick, Peter T. Berrow, Simon D. Berube, Martine Bouveret, Laurent Broms, Fredrik Jann, Beatrice Kennedy, Amy Suarez, Pedro Lopez Meunier, Marine Ryan, Conor Wenzel, Frederick TI There and back again: multiple and return exchange of humpback whales between breeding habitats separated by an ocean basin SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE breeding aggregation; breeding habitat choice; philopatry; photo-identification; humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae ID CAPE-VERDE ISLANDS; EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NATAL PHILOPATRY; PACIFIC; CETACEANS; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; ABUNDANCE AB In species that aggregate for reproduction, the social and fitness costs of movement between groups frequently lead to restricted exchange between breeding areas. We report on four individual humpback whales identified in both the Cape Verde Islands and Guadeloupe; locations separated by an ocean basin and >4000 km. This rate of exchange is rarely encountered between such geographically discrete breeding areas. Two individuals returned to the area where they were originally identified. In contrast, no individuals from the Cape Verde Islands were resighted to the much larger sample from the Dominican Republic, though the migratory distances from the feeding areas are comparable between these areas. The social factors driving the stark difference between groups that is observed here are not clear. Effective conservation requires an understanding of the extent and pattern of movement between population units. The findings presented here suggest that there may well be more than one behaviourally distinct group within the West Indies. More broadly, they argue that considerable caution is warranted in assumptions made regarding the number, boundaries and status of population units based solely on spatial separation or proximity. C1 [Stevick, Peter T.] Coll Atlantic, 105 Eden St, Bar Harbor, ME 04856 USA. [Berrow, Simon D.; Ryan, Conor] Merchants Quay, Irish Whale & Dolphin Grp, Kilrush, Clare, Ireland. [Berrow, Simon D.; Ryan, Conor] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Marine & Freshwater Res Ctr, Dept Life Sci, Dublin Rd, Galway, Ireland. [Berube, Martine] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Marine Evolut & Conservat, POB 11103, Groningen, Netherlands. [Bouveret, Laurent; Meunier, Marine] Observ Mammiferes Marins Archipel Guadeloupeen, Route Hegesippe Legitimus, Beauport 97117, Port Louis, Guadeloupe. [Broms, Fredrik] Akvaplan Niva AS, Fram Ctr, POB 6606 Langnes, Tromso, Norway. [Jann, Beatrice] Swiss Whale Soc, CH-6900 Massagno, Switzerland. [Kennedy, Amy] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Suarez, Pedro Lopez] Bios CV, Sal Rei Boa Vista, Cape Verde. [Suarez, Pedro Lopez] Nat Capa Verde Lda, Sal Rei Boa Vista, Cape Verde. [Ryan, Conor] Hebridean Whale & Dolphin Trust, 28 Main St, Tobermory PA75 6RF, Isle Of Mull, Scotland. [Wenzel, Frederick] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Stevick, PT (reprint author), Coll Atlantic, 105 Eden St, Bar Harbor, ME 04856 USA. EM ptstevick@gmail.com FU Karl Meyer Foundation; Island Foundation; Bord Ischaigh Mhara; Heritage Council; Crossing the Line Films and Cape Verde Development; Universite des Antilles et de la Guyane (Guadeloupe); BREACH Association (Guadeloupe); Biologie des Organismes Aquatiques et Ecosystemes (UMR BOREA); Centre de Neurosciences (Universite Paris Sud, Paris); National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NOAA, USA) FX The NAHWC is funded by donors and an anonymous foundation. IWDG research in Cape Verde was supported by the Karl Meyer and Island Foundations, Bord Ischaigh Mhara, Heritage Council, Crossing the Line Films and Cape Verde Development. Field work in Guadeloupe was funded by the Universite des Antilles et de la Guyane (Guadeloupe), The BREACH Association (Guadeloupe), Biologie des Organismes Aquatiques et Ecosystemes (UMR BOREA), the Centre de Neurosciences (Universite Paris Sud, Paris) and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NOAA, USA). NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 EI 1469-7769 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 96 IS 4 SI SI BP 885 EP 890 DI 10.1017/S0025315416000321 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL5LF UT WOS:000375677800012 ER PT J AU Beck, R Zhan, SG Liu, HX Tong, S Yang, B Xu, M Ye, ZX Huang, Y Shu, S Wu, QS Wang, SJ Berling, K Murray, A Emery, E Reif, M Harwood, J Young, J Nietch, C Macke, D Martin, M Stillings, G Stump, R Su, HB AF Beck, Richard Zhan, Shengan Liu, Hongxing Tong, Susanna Yang, Bo Xu, Min Ye, Zhaoxia Huang, Yan Shu, Song Wu, Qiusheng Wang, Shujie Berling, Kevin Murray, Andrew Emery, Erich Reif, Molly Harwood, Joseph Young, Jade Nietch, Christopher Macke, Dana Martin, Mark Stillings, Garrett Stump, Richard Su, Haibin TI Comparison of satellite reflectance algorithms for estimating chlorophyll-a in a temperate reservoir using coincident hyperspectral aircraft imagery and dense coincident surface observations SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Chlorophyll-a; Algal bloom; Harmful algal bloom; Algorithm; Satellite; Hyperspectral; Multispectral ID TURBID PRODUCTIVE WATERS; REMOTE-SENSING METHODS; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; ALGAL CHLOROPHYLL; INLAND WATERS; OCEAN COLOR; 700 NM; QUALITY; LAKE AB We compared 10 established and 2 new satellite reflectance algorithms for estimating chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in a temperate reservoir in southwest Ohio using coincident hyperspectral aircraft imagery and dense coincident surface observations collected within 1 h of image acquisition to develop simple proxies for algal blooms in water bodies sensitive to algal blooms (especially toxic or harmful algal blooms (HABs)) and to facilitate portability between multispectral satellite imagers for regional algal bloom monitoring. All algorithms were compared with narrow band hyperspectral aircraft images. These images were subsequently upscaled spectrally and spatially to simulate 5 current and near future satellite imaging systems. Established and new Chl-a algorithms were then applied to the synthetic satellite images and compared to coincident surface observations of Chl-a collected from 44 sites within 1 h of aircraft acquisition of the imagery. We found several promising algorithm/satellite imager combinations for routine Chl-a estimation in smaller inland water bodies with operational and near-future satellite systems. The CI, MCI, FLH, NDCI, 2BDA and 3 BDA Chl-a algorithms worked well with CASI imagery. The NDCI, 2BDA, and 3BDA Chl-a algorithms worked well with simulated WorldView-2 and 3, Sentinel-2, and MERIS-like imagery. NDCI was the most widely applicable Chl-a algorithm with good performance for CASI, WorldView 2 and 3, Sentinel-2 and MERIS-like imagery and limited performance with MODIS imagery. A new fluorescence line height "greenness" algorithm yielded the best Chl-a estimates with simulated Landsat-8 imagery. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Beck, Richard; Zhan, Shengan; Liu, Hongxing; Tong, Susanna; Yang, Bo; Xu, Min; Ye, Zhaoxia; Huang, Yan; Shu, Song; Wu, Qiusheng; Wang, Shujie; Berling, Kevin; Murray, Andrew] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Emery, Erich] US Army, Corps Engineers, Great Lakes & Ohio River Div, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. [Reif, Molly; Harwood, Joseph] US Army, Corps Engineers, Erdc, JALBTCX, Kiln, MS 39556 USA. [Young, Jade] US Army, Corps Engineers, Water Qual, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Nietch, Christopher; Macke, Dana] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Martin, Mark; Stillings, Garrett; Stump, Richard] Kentucky Dept Environm Protect, Div Water, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Su, Haibin] Texas A&M Kingsville, Dept Phys & Geosci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Beck, R (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM richard.beck@uc.edu; zhansn@mail.uc.edu; hongxing.liu@uc.edu; susana.tong@uc.edu; yangb2@mail.uc.edu; xum4@mail.uc.edu; yeza@ucmail.uc.edu; huang2y2@ucmail.uc.edu; shusg@mail.uc.edu; wuqe@mail.uc.edu; wang2sj@mail.uc.edu; berlinkj@mail.uc.edu; murraya2@mail.uc.edu; erich.b.emery@usace.army.mil; molly.k.reif@usace.army.mil; joseph.h.harwood@usace.army.mil; jade.l.young@usace.army.mil; nietch.christopher@epa.gov; macke.dana@epa.gov; mark.martin@ky.gov; garrett.stillings@ky.gov; richard.stumpf@noaa.gov; haibin.su@tamuk.edu OI Su, Haibin/0000-0002-3645-2047; Zhan, Shengan/0000-0002-9303-1249; Wu, Qiusheng/0000-0001-5437-4073; Tong, Susanna /0000-0003-0308-5890 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Kentucky Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water provided valuable in-kind services. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article expresses only the personal views of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers employees listed as authors and does not necessarily reflect the official positions of the Corps or of the Department of the Army. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 178 BP 15 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.03.002 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DL3BC UT WOS:000375508200002 ER PT J AU Ferguson, JM Carvalho, F Murillo-Garcia, O Taper, ML Ponciano, JM AF Ferguson, Jake M. Carvalho, Felipe Murillo-Garcia, Oscar Taper, Mark L. Ponciano, Jose M. TI An updated perspective on the role of environmental autocorrelation in animal populations SO THEORETICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Environmental variation; Time series; Autocorrelation; Extinction risk; Environmental tracking ID NONLINEAR BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; ECOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; EXTINCTION RISK; OBSERVATION ERROR; SPECTRAL COLOR; PROCESS NOISE; 1/F NOISE; FOOD WEBS; DYNAMICS AB Ecological theory predicts that the presence of temporal autocorrelation in environments can considerably affect population extinction risk. However, empirical estimates of autocorrelation values in animal populations have not decoupled intrinsic growth and density feedback processes from environmental autocorrelation. In this study, we first discuss how the autocorrelation present in environmental covariates can be reduced through nonlinear interactions or by interactions with multiple limiting resources. We then estimated the degree of environmental autocorrelation present in the Global Population Dynamics Database using a robust, model-based approach. Our empirical results indicate that time series of animal populations are affected by low levels of environmental autocorrelation, a result consistent with predictions from our theoretical models. Claims supporting the importance of autocorrelated environments have been largely based on indirect empirical measures and theoretical models seldom anchored in realistic assumptions. It is likely that a more nuanced understanding of the effects of autocorrelated environments is necessary to reconcile our conclusions with previous theory. We anticipate that our findings and other recent results will lead to improvements in understanding how to incorporate fluctuating environments into population risk assessments. C1 [Ferguson, Jake M.; Ponciano, Jose M.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ferguson, Jake M.] Univ Tennessee, Natl Inst Math & Biol Synth, Knoxville, TN USA. [Carvalho, Felipe] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Murillo-Garcia, Oscar] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm Wildlife Ecol & Cons, Gainesville, FL USA. [Murillo-Garcia, Oscar] Univ Valle, Dept Biol, Grp Invest Ecol Anim, Cali, Colombia. [Taper, Mark L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Carvalho, Felipe] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Ferguson, JM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA.; Ferguson, JM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Natl Inst Math & Biol Synth, Knoxville, TN USA. EM troutinthemilk@gmail.com OI Ponciano, Jose Miguel/0000-0001-8457-7840; Ferguson, Jake/0000-0002-5034-9089 FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [R01-GM103604]; National Science Foundation in the Quantitative Spatial Ecology, Evolution and Environment Program at the University of Florida [0801544]; Global Population Dynamics FX We thank the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful reviews which greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. We thank Robert Holt, John Hopkins, and Craig Osenberg for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript and the class, Zoology 6927, Quantitative Methods in Ecology, at the University of Florida for making this project possible. We would like to the lab of Colette St. Mary for constructive comments on this manuscript. JMP was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Grant R01-GM103604. JMF gratefully acknowledges the support by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0801544 in the Quantitative Spatial Ecology, Evolution and Environment Program at the University of Florida and the Global Population Dynamics database: http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/cpb/databases/gpdd. NR 102 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1874-1738 EI 1874-1746 J9 THEOR ECOL-NETH JI Theor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 129 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s12080-015-0276-6 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK0DZ UT WOS:000374584100002 PM 27158281 ER PT J AU Burger, JL Jeerage, KM Bruno, TJ AF Burger, Jessica L. Jeerage, Kavita M. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Direct nuclear magnetic resonance observation of odorant binding to mouse odorant receptor MOR244-3 SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fuel gas; Odorant receptor; Olfaction; Saturation transfer difference nuclear; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Thiol ID HUMAN OLFACTORY RECEPTOR; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BASIS; LIGAND-BINDING; STD NMR; SPECIFICITY; MUTAGENESIS; PROTEINS; CELLS; SMELL AB Mammals are able to perceive and differentiate a great number of structurally diverse odorants through the odorant's interaction with odorant receptors (ORs), proteins found within the cell membrane of olfactory sensory neurons. The natural gas industry has used human olfactory sensitivity to sulfur compounds (thiols, sulfides, etc.) to increase the safety of fuel gas transport, storage, and use through the odorization of this product. In the United States, mixtures of sulfur compounds are used, but the major constituent of odorant packages is 2-methylpropane-2-thiol, also known as tert-butyl mercaptan. It has been fundamentally challenging to understand olfaction and odorization due to the low affinity of odorous ligands to the ORs and the difficulty in expressing a sufficient number of OR proteins. Here, we directly observed the binding of tert-butyl mercaptan and another odiferous compound, cis-cyclooctene, to mouse OR MOR244-3 on living cells by saturation transfer difference (STD) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This effort lays the groundwork for resolving molecular mechanisms responsible for ligand binding and resulting signaling, which in turn will lead to a clearer understanding of odorant recognition and competition. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Burger, Jessica L.; Jeerage, Kavita M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Burger, JL (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jessica.burger@nist.gov FU PREP (Professional Research Experience Program) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Hana3A cells, plasmids, and useful discussions provided by Hiroaki Mastunami (Duke University), without whom this work would not have been possible. J.L.B. acknowledges the PREP (Professional Research Experience Program) support for research performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, for this work. This article is a contribution of the U.S. government and is not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 EI 1096-0309 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 502 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2016.03.006 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DK8JZ UT WOS:000375174300009 PM 27019154 ER PT J AU Li, Y Cheng, HB Xu, HW Zhang, YX Yan, P Huang, T Wang, CM Hu, ZG Ouyang, J AF Li, Yao Cheng, Hongbo Xu, Huiwen Zhang, Yunxiang Yan, Peng Huang, Ting Wang, Chunming Hu, Zhigao Ouyang, Jun TI Electromechanical properties of (Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ti)O-3 ceramics SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Lead-free piezoceramics; Phase structure; Polymorphic phase transition; Piezoelectricity; Barium titanate ID BA(TI1-XZRX)O-3 CERAMICS; FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES; TOLERANCE FACTOR; TEMPERATURE; BOUNDARY; RAMAN AB In this work, we report dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of perovskite Ba0.95Sr0.05ZrxTi(1-x)O3 (BSZT, x=0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) ceramics synthesized by using a solid-state reaction method. It is demonstrated that when the Zr concentration was 5 at% and the sintering temperature was 1400 degrees C, the BSZT ceramic gives the best overall electromechanical performance, including a large remnant polarization of similar to 12.1 mu C/cm(2), large dielectric constants (epsilon(peak)(r) approximate to 12,600, epsilon(RT)(r) approximate to 3500) and an excellent d(33) value of similar to 355 pC/N. Curie temperature of this ceramic is about similar to 100 degrees C. The enhanced electromechanical properties of the BSZT ceramics as compared with Ba0.95Sr0.05TiO3 (BST) can be explained by optimization of the tolerance factor and shift of ferroelectric polymorphic phase transition temperatures (T-PPT). (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Yao; Cheng, Hongbo; Xu, Huiwen; Zhang, Yunxiang; Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China. [Yan, Peng] Shandong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China. [Huang, Ting; Hu, Zhigao] E China Normal Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunming] Shandong Univ, Sch Phys, Jinan 250010, Peoples R China. [Ouyang, Jun] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ouyang, J (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China. EM ouyangjun@sdu.edu.cn RI Wang, Chun-Ming/A-5528-2008; OI Ouyang, Jun/0000-0003-2446-2958 FU NSFC of China [91122024]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry); Nano Projects of Soochow City [ZXG201445]; Key Cultivating Projects of The Interdisciplinary Research in Shandong University [2015JC034]; Shandong University; Material Measurement Laboratory of NIST, Gaithersburg, MD (USA) FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the NSFC of China (Project Grant 91122024), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry), Nano Projects of Soochow City (Grant No. ZXG201445), and Key Cultivating Projects of The Interdisciplinary Research in Shandong University (Grant No. 2015JC034). J. Ouyang would also like to thank the "Qi-Lu Young Scholar Fund" of Shandong University, and the support from the Material Measurement Laboratory of NIST, Gaithersburg, MD (USA). NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 EI 1873-3956 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 42 IS 8 BP 10191 EP 10196 DI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.137 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA DK3IZ UT WOS:000374811600115 ER PT J AU Strom, DJ Cerra, F AF Strom, Daniel J. Cerra, Frank TI PRIMARY BEAM AIR KERMA DEPENDENCE ON DISTANCE FROM CARGOAND PEOPLE SCANNERS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose; dose assessment; dose, external; x-ray imaging AB The distance dependence of air kerma or dose rate of the primary radiation beam is not obvious for security scanners of cargo and people in which there is relative motion between a collimated source and the person or object being imaged. To study this problem, one fixed line source and three moving-source scan-geometry cases are considered, each characterized by radiation emanating perpendicular to an axis. The cases are 1) a stationary line source of radioactive material, e.g., contaminated solution in a pipe; 2) a moving, uncollimated point source of radiation that is shuttered or off when it is stationary; 3) a moving, collimated point source of radiation that is shuttered or off when it is stationary; and 4) a translating, narrow "pencil" beam emanating in a flying-spot, raster pattern. Each case is considered for short and long distances compared to the line source length or path traversed by a moving source. The short distance model pertains mostly to dose to objects being scanned and personnel associated with the screening operation. The long distance model pertains mostly to potential dose to bystanders. For radionuclide sources, the number of nuclear transitions that occur a) per unit length of a line source or b) during the traversal of a point source is a unifying concept. The "universal source strength" of air kerma rate at 1 m from the source can be used to describe x-ray machine or radionuclide sources. For many cargo and people scanners with highly collimated fan or pencil beams, dose varies as the inverse of the distance from the source in the near field and with the inverse square of the distance beyond a critical radius. Ignoring the inverse square dependence and using inverse distance dependence is conservative in the sense of tending to overestimate dose. C1 [Strom, Daniel J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, Operat Safeguards & Logist, POB 999 MS K3-54, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Strom, Daniel J.] Dade Moeller, 1835 Terminal Dr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Cerra, Frank] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Strom, DJ (reprint author), 1835 Terminal Dr,Suite 200, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM strom@dademoeller.com FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with Paul Bergstrom, Daniel Kassiday, Siraj M. Khan, Richard L. Schueller, Stephen M. Seltzer, and Richard T. Whitman, all members of the ANSI/HPS N43.16 working group; and Joseph Callerame. The work described in this article was partially performed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated by Battelle for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 110 IS 6 BP 606 EP 611 DI 10.1097/HP.0000000000000492 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DK7QM UT WOS:000375120800008 PM 27115228 ER PT J AU Lyons, ET Kuzmina, TA Spraker, TR Delong, RL AF Lyons, E. T. Kuzmina, T. A. Spraker, T. R. Delong, R. L. TI Parasitological examination of northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) pups for presence of hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) on San Miguel Island, California SO HELMINTHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE northern elephant seals; hookworms; Uncinaria; San Miguel Island; California ID LION ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; FUR-SEAL; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; SP NEMATODA; ANCYLOSTOMATIDAE; PREVALENCE; CARNIVORA; PINNIPEDS; OTARIIDAE; BIOLOGY AB Necropsy and extensive parasitological examination of dead northern elephant seal (NES) pups was done on San Miguel Island, California, in February, 2015. The main interest in the current study was to determine if hookworms were present in NESs on San Miguel Island where two hookworm species of the genus Uncinaria are known to be present - Uncinaria lyonsi in California sea lions and Uncinaria lucasi in northern fur seals. Hookworms were not detected in any of the NESs examined: stomachs or intestines of 16 pups, blubber of 13 pups and blubber of one bull. The results obtained in the present study of NESs on San Miguel Island plus similar finding on Ano Nuevo State Reserve and The Marine Mammal Center provide strong indication that NES are not appropriate hosts for Uncinaria spp. Hookworm free-living third stage larvae, developed from eggs of California sea lions and northern fur seals, were recovered from sand. It seems that at this time, further search for hookworms in NESs would be nonproductive. C1 [Lyons, E. T.] Univ Kentucky, Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Kuzmina, T. A.] NAS Ukraine, Inst Zool, Vul B Khmelnytskogo 15, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. [Spraker, T. R.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Delong, R. L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Lyons, ET (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM elyons1@uky.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0440-6605 EI 1336-9083 J9 HELMINTHOLOGIA JI Helminthologia PD JUN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 2 BP 191 EP 194 DI 10.1515/helmin-2016-0009 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA DK5YW UT WOS:000374998200012 ER PT J AU Stan, G Adams, GG AF Stan, Gheorghe Adams, George G. TI Adhesive contact between a rigid spherical indenter and an elastic multi-layer coated substrate SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Adhesion and adhesives; Contact mechanics; Elastic material; Layered material; Integral transforms ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; SURFACE-ENERGY; HALF-SPACE; MODEL; MECHANICS; COATINGS; NANOINDENTATION; DEFORMATION; STRESSES AB In this paper the frictionless, adhesive contact between a rigid spherical indenter and an elastic multi layer coated half-space was investigated by means of an integral transform formulation. The indented multi-layer coats were considered as made of isotropic layers that are perfectly bonded to each other and to an isotropic substrate. The adhesive interaction between indenter and contacting surface was treated as Maugis-type adhesion to provide general applicability within the entire range of adhesive interactions. By using a transfer matrix method, the stress-strain equations of the system were reduced to two coupled integral equations for the stress distribution under the indenter and the ratio between the adhesion radius and the contact radius, respectively. These resulting integral equations were solved through a numerical collocation technique, with solutions for the load dependencies of the contact radius and indentation depth for various values of the adhesion parameter and layer composition. The method developed here can be used to calculate the force-distance response of adhesive contacts on various inhomogeneous half-spaces that can be modeled as multi-layer coated half-spaces. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stan, Gheorghe] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stan, Gheorghe] George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Adams, George G.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 EI 1879-2146 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 87 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2016.02.043 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA DK3IM UT WOS:000374810300001 PM 27574338 ER PT J AU Emmerich, SJ Dols, WS AF Emmerich, Steven J. Dols, W. Stuart TI Model validation study of carbon monoxide transport due to portable electric generator operation in an attached garage SO JOURNAL OF BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE portable electric generator; carbon monoxide; CONTAM; indoor air quality; model validation; multizone airflow model ID AIR-FLOW; CONTAM AB A series of tests was conducted to characterize the indoor carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations resulting from portable electric generators operating in the attached garage of a test house under various use and environmental conditions. An extensive model validation effort using the multizone airflow and indoor air quality (IAQ) model CONTAM was carried out using the data from seven tests with a generator operating in the attached garage to compare predicted CO concentrations with measured values. The agreement between the measurements and predictions of the O-2 concentrations in the garage and the average CO concentration for the house zones was excellent for the data set as a whole. The agreement was somewhat worse for the garage CO concentrations. Overall, the house zone average and garage CO concentration predictions and measurements were within about 20% and 30%, respectively, when averaged over all cases. C1 [Emmerich, Steven J.; Dols, W. Stuart] NIST, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Div Energy & Environm, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Emmerich, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Div Energy & Environm, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.emmerich@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1940-1493 EI 1940-1507 J9 J BUILD PERFORM SIMU JI J. Build. Perf. Simul. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 397 EP 410 DI 10.1080/19401493.2015.1066447 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA DK5WX UT WOS:000374993000005 ER PT J AU Grason, EW Buhle, ER AF Grason, Emily W. Buhle, Eric R. TI Comparing the influence of native and invasive intraguild predators on a rare native oyster SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Predation; Trophic interactions; Invasive species; Indirect effects; Intraguild predation; Restoration ID EXPERIMENTAL VENUE; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; INTERACTION STRENGTH; PREY; CONSEQUENCES; WASHINGTON; HABITAT; HISTORY; TRAITS; MODELS AB Invasive species can cause complex, unpredictable changes in community dynamics because they do not share an evolutionary history with native species, meaning interactions could be much stronger or weaker than expected. A field experiment tested hypotheses generated from previous laboratory experiments about interactions in an invaded tri-trophic intertidal food chain that is also characterized by asymmetric intra-guild predation. Cages controlled access of a top predator (native cancrid crabs) and an intermediate (or intraguild) prey (invasive oyster drills, Ocenebra inornata) to a resource (native oysters, Ostrea lurida) in order to explore the separate and combined effects of these predators on a native ecosystem engineer of conservation concern. Though crabs were predicted to have a strong negative effect on oysters via direct predation, the presence of oyster drills had the strongest impact on oyster survival. Drills consumed up to 80% of oysters in experimental cages per month and accounted for an average of 70% of total mortality when they were present. Contrary to the hypothesis, crabs almost never attacked oysters directly, and consumed drills primarily during only one out of four months. Crabs also did not appear to reduce individual drill feeding rates (i.e. an intimidation effect) or initiate a strong indirect positive effect on oyster survival. This experiment demonstrates that the role of the invasive predator in [GP as well as the strength of the interaction between the native and invasive species combine to influence the dynamics of the system. In addition, these observations underscore the importance of considering non-native predators as obstacles to the recovery of threatened species, as well the value of experimentally identifying, in situ, which of the possible interactions in an invaded food web are ecologically important. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Grason, Emily W.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Box 351800,24 Kincaid Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Buhle, Eric R.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Grason, EW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Box 351800,24 Kincaid Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM egrason@u.washington.edu OI Grason, Emily/0000-0002-1560-6772 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 479 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2016.02.012 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL1BC UT WOS:000375365900001 ER PT J AU Misa, WFXE Richards, BL DiNardo, GT Kelley, CD Moriwake, VN Drazen, JC AF Misa, William F. X. E. Richards, Benjamin L. DiNardo, Gerard T. Kelley, Christopher D. Moriwake, Virginia N. Drazen, Jeffrey C. TI Evaluating the effect of soak time on bottomfish abundance and length data from stereo-video surveys SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stereo-video; Soak time; Fish abundance; Fish measurement; Bottomfish; Fisheries management ID BAITED UNDERWATER VIDEO; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; SNAPPER PAGRUS-AURATUS; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; DEMERSAL FISH; REEF-FISH; RELATIVE DENSITY; CAMERA SYSTEM; NORTH PACIFIC AB Baited stereo-camera surveys of fish assemblages provide conservative estimates of abundance and length frequency distributions. While underwater camera systems have numerous advantages over traditional fishing and diver surveys, limitations in sampling capacity, data processing time, and resultant data still exist. Previous studies have shown that shorter camera soak times can increase sampling efficiency and reduce per-sample data processing time without affecting overall data quality. Using data from stereo-video surveys of bottomfish in the main Hawaiian Islands, this study evaluates the effect of camera soak time on relative abundance metrics, fish length data, sampling efficiency, and power to detect differences in relative abundance and fish lengths. A soak time of 15 min was found to be the shortest duration able to capture bottomfish abundance and length metrics while 30 min generated data that did not significantly differ from the standard 40-min soak time. These shorter soak times allow for better survey efficiency and improved cost-benefit through increased levels of field sampling and reductions in video-processing time, while maintaining the power to detect differences in bottomfish relative abundance and lengths. The main drawback to shortening soak time was the concurrent reduction in the number of length measurements collected per species. An increased sample yield can alleviate this effect but only for bottomfish with a higher frequency of occurrence. Species-specific patterns in abundance were apparent in this study suggesting a strong influence of fish behavior on stereo-video abundance metrics. While a soak time of 15 to 30 min was found to be sufficient for effectively sampling bottomfish, the cost-benefit of employing a given soak time in future stereo-video surveys should be assessed based on the target species and survey goals. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Misa, William F. X. E.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd,Marine Sci Bldg 312, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Richards, Benjamin L.; DiNardo, Gerard T.] NOAA, Fisheries Res & Monitoring Div, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Kelley, Christopher D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Undersea Res Lab, 1000 Pope Rd,Marine Sci Bldg 303, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Moriwake, Virginia N.; Drazen, Jeffrey C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Oceanog, 1000 Pope Rd,Marine Sci Bldg 205, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Misa, WFXE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd,Marine Sci Bldg 312, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM william.misa@noaa.gov FU State of Hawaii DLNR-DAR via the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration program [F17R35-study IX]; NOAA from the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Advanced Sampling Technology Working Group; Fisheries Office of Science and Technology FX The authors would like to thank A. Rollo and C. Demarke (NOAA-PIFSC), J. Friedman, M. Waterhouse, B. Alexander, J. Yeh, A. Fleury, D. Sackett, and C. Moore (University of Hawaii Department of Oceanography) for their efforts in video processing, cruise planning, and field work; D. Kobayashi, M. Parke, J. Brodziak, and B. Schumacher (NOAA-PIFSC), J. Ault and S. Smith (University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science) for their roles in the design and implementation of the State of Hawaii DLNR-DAR bottomfish project and the NOAA Hawaii bottomfish advanced sampling methods project; D. Merritt and K. Wong (NOAA-PIFSC) for providing access to BotCam units used in these projects; J. Anderson, J. Asher, N. Shoji, A. Rivero, and M. Seki (NOAA-PIFSC) for their internal manuscript reviews; G. Jones, R. Wagner, and A. Armstrong (Sea Engineering), and R. Cates (Cates International) for providing ship support and expert seamanship during field operations. Project funding was received from the State of Hawaii DLNR-DAR via the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration program (F17R35-study IX) as well as NOAA internal funding allocations from the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Advanced Sampling Technology Working Group, and Fisheries Office of Science and Technology. [RH] NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 479 BP 20 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2016.03.001 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL1BC UT WOS:000375365900003 ER PT J AU Obrzut, J Emiroglu, C Kirillov, O Yang, YF Elmquist, RE AF Obrzut, Jan Emiroglu, Caglar Kirillov, Oleg Yang, Yanfei Elmquist, Randolph E. TI Surface conductance of graphene from non-contact resonant cavity SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Graphene; Surface conductance; Microwave cavity; Noncontact; Nondestructive AB A method is established to reliably determine surface conductance of single-layer or multilayer atomically thin nano-carbon graphene structures. The measurements are made in an air filled standard R100 rectangular waveguide configuration at one of the resonant frequency modes, typically at TE103 mode of 7.4543 GHz. Surface conductance measurement involves monitoring a change in the quality factor of the cavity as the specimen is progressively inserted into the cavity in quantitative correlation with the specimen surface area. The specimen consists of a nano-carbon-layer supported on a low loss dielectric substrate. The thickness of the conducting nano-carbon layer does not need to be explicitly known, but it is assumed that the lateral dimension is uniform over the specimen area. The non-contact surface conductance measurements are illustrated for a typical graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition process, and for a high quality monolayer epitaxial graphene grown on silicon carbide wafers for which we performed non-gated quantum Hall resistance measurements. The sequence of quantized transverse Hall resistance at the Landau filling factors nu = +/- 6 and +/- 2, and the absence of the Hall plateau at nu = 4 indicate that the epitaxially grown graphene is a high quality mono-layer. The resonant microwave cavity measurement is sensitive to the surface and bulk conductivity, and since no additional processing is required, it preserves the integrity of the conductive graphene layer. It allows characterization with high speed, precision and efficiency, compared to transport measurements where sample contacts must be defined and applied in multiple processing steps. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Obrzut, Jan; Emiroglu, Caglar] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kirillov, Oleg] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yang, Yanfei; Elmquist, Randolph E.] NIST, Quantum Measurement, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Emiroglu, Caglar; Yang, Yanfei] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jan.obrzut@nist.gov OI Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 EI 1873-412X J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD JUN PY 2016 VL 87 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2016.03.020 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DK7VP UT WOS:000375134900016 PM 27499569 ER PT J AU Jia, XD Garboczi, EJ AF Jia, Xiaodong Garboczi, Edward J. TI Advances in shape measurement in the digital world SO PARTICUOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Particle shape; Digital methods; Shape measurement; Spherical harmonics; X-ray tomography ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MASS-FRACTAL DIMENSION; X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY; LASER DIFFRACTION; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; ROCK PARTICLES; PARTICULATE SYSTEMS; 3-DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AB The importance of particle shape in terms of its effects on the behaviour of powders and other particulate systems has long been recognised, but particle shape information has been rather difficult to obtain and use until fairly recently, unlike its better-known counterpart, particle size. However, advances in computing power and 3D image acquisition and analysis techniques have resulted in major progress being made in the measurement, description and application of particle shape information in recent years. Because we are now in a digital era, it is fitting that many of these advanced techniques are based on digital technology. This review article aims to trace the development of these new techniques, highlight their contributions to both academic and practical applications, and present a perspective for future developments. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. C1 [Jia, Xiaodong] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem & Proc Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Garboczi, Edward J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jia, XD (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Chem & Proc Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM x.jia@leeds.ac.uk NR 177 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1674-2001 EI 2210-4291 J9 PARTICUOLOGY JI Particuology PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 BP 19 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.partic.2015.12.005 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DL2YW UT WOS:000375502100002 ER PT J AU Liu, CI Wang, PJ Mi, J Lee, HY Wang, YT Ho, YF Zhang, C Lin, X Elmquist, RE Liang, CT AF Liu, Chieh-I Wang, Pengjie Mi, Jian Lee, Hsin-Yen Wang, Yi-Ting Ho, Yi-Fan Zhang, Chi Lin, Xi Elmquist, Randolph E. Liang, Chi-Te TI Probing electron-electron interactions in multilayer epitaxial graphene grown on SiC using temperature-dependent Hall slope SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; Transport AB We have studied electron-electron (e-e) interactions in multilayer graphene grown on SiC(0001). We find that the observed logarithmic temperature (In T) dependence of the Hall slope is a good physical quantity for probing e-e interactions since it is not affected by electron-phonon scattering at high temperatures. By subtracting the weak localization correction term, we are able to study e-e interactions independently. It is found that the interaction correction terms determined by two methods, which both show In T dependences, agree better with each other in the high-temperature regime. Our approach is applicable to other two-dimensional materials which do not have buckled structures. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Chieh-I; Ho, Yi-Fan; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Wang, Pengjie; Mi, Jian; Zhang, Chi; Lin, Xi] Peking Univ, Int Ctr Quantum Mat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Wang, Pengjie; Mi, Jian; Zhang, Chi; Lin, Xi] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Lee, Hsin-Yen; Wang, Yi-Ting; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Elmquist, Randolph E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liang, CT (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan.; Zhang, C; Lin, X (reprint author), Peking Univ, Int Ctr Quantum Mat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.; Zhang, C; Lin, X (reprint author), Collaborat Innovat Ctr Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.; Lee, HY (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM hyli.ai@gmail.com; gwlzhangchi@pku.edu.cn; xilin@pku.edu.cn; ctliang@phys.ntu.edu.tw RI Liang, Chi-Te/A-3902-2009; OI Liang, Chi-Te/0000-0003-4435-5949; Wang, Pengjie/0000-0002-1427-6599; Lee, Hsin-Yen/0000-0002-9323-6041 FU 973 foundation: NBRP of China [2013CB921903, 2013CB920904]; NSFC [11274020, 11322435]; National Taiwan University [104R7552-2] FX CZ was supported by the 973 foundation number: NBRP of China (2013CB921903 and 2013CB920904). XL was supported by the NSFC (Grant nos. 11274020 and 11322435). CTL acknowledge support from National Taiwan University (Grant no. 104R7552-2). NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 EI 1879-2766 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 236 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2016.03.016 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DJ7IG UT WOS:000374384500009 ER PT J AU Golding, J Steer, CD Gregory, S Lowery, T Hibbeln, JR Taylor, CM AF Golding, Jean Steer, Colin D. Gregory, Steven Lowery, Tony Hibbeln, Joseph R. Taylor, Caroline M. TI Dental associations with blood mercury in pregnant women SO COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALSPAC; blood mercury; dental amalgam; pregnancy; seafood ID SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES; DEVELOPMENT NUTRITION; INORGANIC MERCURY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; AMALGAM FILLINGS; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; RESTORATIONS; METHYLMERCURY AB ObjectivesThere is curiosity concerning the source of mercury that is absorbed into the mother's blood and which may affect the developing fetus. This study therefore sets out to determine the extent to which dental amalgam (DA) may contribute to total blood mercury (TBHg) levels of pregnant women in the UK. MethodsWhole blood samples and information on diet and socio-demographic factors were collected from pregnant women (n=4484) enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The whole blood samples were assayed for total mercury levels using inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry (ICP-DRC-MS), and the women were retrospectively asked about features of their dental care during the pregnancy. Linear regression was used to estimate the relative contributions of DA to TBHg levels (log-transformed) based on R-2 values, compared to the results from dietary and socio-demographic variables. ResultsThe contribution to the variance of the mothers' TBHg levels by dental variables was 6.47%, a figure comparable to the 8.75% shown for seafood consumption in this population. Dietary and dental variables explained 20.16% of the variance, with socio-demographic variables contributing only a further 3.40%. The number of amalgams in the mouth at the start of pregnancy accounted for most of the variance in dental variables. ConclusionsDental amalgam contributes a comparable amount of variance in TBHg to seafood consumption in this population. However, because the measures of DA exposure were imprecise, these findings are likely to be an underestimate. There is no evidence to date in the literature that fetal exposures to mercury from maternal DAs have adverse effects on the developing child, but long-term studies are warranted. C1 [Golding, Jean; Steer, Colin D.; Gregory, Steven; Taylor, Caroline M.] Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Oakfield House,Oakfield Rd, Bristol BS8 2BN, Avon, England. [Lowery, Tony] NOAA, Natl Seafood Inspect Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS USA. [Hibbeln, Joseph R.] NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Golding, J (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Oakfield House,Oakfield Rd, Bristol BS8 2BN, Avon, England. EM jean.golding@bristol.ac.uk OI Golding, Jean/0000-0003-2826-3307 FU Wellcome Trust [102215/2/13/2, 104077/Z/14/Z]; NOAA FX We are extremely grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting them, and the whole ALSPAC team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists, and nurses. The UK Medical Research Council (MRC), the Wellcome Trust (Grant ref: 102215/2/13/2), and the University of Bristol currently provide core support for ALSPAC. CMT was supported by a Wellcome Trust Career Re-entry Fellowship (Grant ref: 104077/Z/14/Z). The assays of the maternal blood samples were carried out at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with funding from NOAA, and the statistical analyses were carried out in Bristol with funding from NOAA and support from the Intramural Research Program of NIAAA, NIH. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC, NOAA or the NIH. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0301-5661 EI 1600-0528 J9 COMMUNITY DENT ORAL JI Community Dentist. Oral Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 44 IS 3 BP 216 EP 222 DI 10.1111/cdoe.12208 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DJ6LG UT WOS:000374323900004 PM 26688340 ER PT J AU Ortega, I Berg, LK Ferrare, RA Hair, JW Hostetler, CA Volkamer, R AF Ortega, Ivan Berg, Larry K. Ferrare, Richard A. Hair, Johnathan W. Hostetler, Chris A. Volkamer, Rainer TI Elevated aerosol layers modify the O-2-O-2 absorption measured by ground-based MAX-DOAS SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE DOAS; Oxygen collisional complex (O-4); O-4 correction factor (CFO4); Aerosol extinction profiles; Elevated aerosol layers ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FREE TROPOSPHERE; CROSS-SECTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; DERIVE INFORMATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; IN-SITU; NM AB The oxygen collisional complex (O-2-O-2, or O-4) is a greenhouse gas, and a calibration trace gas used to infer aerosol and cloud properties by Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS). Recent reports suggest the need for an O-4 correction factor (CFO4) when comparing simulated and measured O-4 differential slant column densities (dSCD) by passive DOAS. We investigate the sensitivity of O-4 dSCD simulations at ultraviolet (360 nm) and visible (477 nm) wavelengths towards separately measured aerosol extinction profiles. Measurements were conducted by the University of Colorado 2D-MAX-DOAS instrument and NASA's multispectral High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2) during the Two Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) at Cape Cod, MA in July 2012. During two case study days with (1) high aerosol load (17 July, AOD similar to 0.35 at 477 nm), and (2) near molecular scattering conditions (22 July, AOD < 0.10 at 477 nm) the measured and calculated O-4 dSCDs agreed within 6.4 +/- 0.4% (360 nm) and 4.7 +/- 0.6% (477 nm) if the HSRL-2 profiles were used as input to the calculations. However, if in the calculations the aerosol is confined to the surface layer (while keeping AOD constant) we find 0.53 < CFO4 < 0.75, similar to previously reported CFO4. Our results suggest that elevated aerosol layers, unless accounted for, can cause negative bias in the simulated O-4 dSCDs that can explain CFO4. The air density and aerosol profile aloft needs to be taken into account when interpreting the O-4 from ground-based MAX-DOAS. Opportunities to identify and better characterize these elevated layers are also discussed. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ortega, Ivan; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ortega, Ivan; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Berg, Larry K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ferrare, Richard A.; Hair, Johnathan W.; Hostetler, Chris A.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu RI Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016 OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369 FU NSF-CAREER award [ATM-0847793]; US Department of Energy (DoE) [DE-SC0006080]; NASA FX The 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument was developed with support from the NSF-CAREER award ATM-0847793, and US Department of Energy (DoE) award DE-SC0006080 supported the TCAP deployment. Ivan Ortega is recipient of a NASA Earth Science graduate fellowship. The authors are grateful to Tim Deutschmann for providing support with the McArtim RTM. The authors thank the entire TCAP team for their support during the campaign. We further thank Rick Wagener and Laurie Gregory for providing the AERONET data, Gary Hodges and Kathy Lantz for providing the NOAA MFRSR data, Caroline Fayt and Michel van Roozendael for providing the WinDOAS software, and Thomas Wagner for helpful discussions. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 176 BP 34 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.02.021 PG 16 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA DJ6WN UT WOS:000374354000005 ER PT J AU Zhang, BL Tallapragada, V Weng, FZ Sippel, J Ma, ZZ AF Zhang, Banglin Tallapragada, Vijay Weng, Fuzhong Sippel, Jason Ma, Zaizhong TI Estimation and correction of model bias in the NASA/GMAO GEOS5 data assimilation system: Sequential implementation SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; model bias; estimation and correction ID ERROR AB This study presents a simplified multivariate bias correction scheme that is sequentially implemented in the GEOS5 data assimilation system and compared against a control experiment without model bias correction. The results show considerable improvement in terms of the mean biases of rawinsonde observation-minus-background (OmB) residuals for observed water vapor, wind and temperature variables. The time series spectral analysis shows whitening of bias-corrected OmB residuals, and mean biases for rawinsonde observation-minus-analysis (OmA) are also improved. Some wind and temperature biases in the control experiment near the equatorial tropopause nearly vanish from the bias-corrected experiment. Despite the analysis improvement, the bias correction scheme has only a moderate impact on forecast skill. Significant interaction is also found among quality-control, satellite observation bias correction, and background bias correction, and the latter positively impacts satellite bias correction. C1 [Zhang, Banglin; Sippel, Jason] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhang, Banglin; Tallapragada, Vijay; Sippel, Jason] NOAA NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ma, Zaizhong] NOAA Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Zhang, BL (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Zhang, BL (reprint author), NOAA NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM banglin.zhang@noaa.gov RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 33 IS 6 BP 659 EP 672 DI 10.1007/s00376-015-5155-y PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI8YZ UT WOS:000373789800001 ER PT J AU Paulechka, E Blokhin, AV Rodrigues, ASMC Rocha, MAA Santos, LMNBF AF Paulechka, Eugene Blokhin, Andrey V. Rodrigues, Ana S. M. C. Rocha, Marisa A. A. Santos, Luis M. N. B. F. TI Thermodynamics of long-chain 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Ionic liquids; Heat capacity; Vapour pressure; Polymorphism; Thermodynamic properties ID HEAT-CAPACITY; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; VAPORIZATION ENTHALPIES; LENGTH DEPENDENCE; X-RAY; IMIDAZOLIUM; BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYLSULFONYL)IMIDE; CONFORMATIONS; POLYMORPHISM; VOLATILITY AB The heat capacities in the temperature range (5 to 370) K and the parameters of solid-phase transitions and fusion were determined for three [C(n)mim][NTf2] (n = 10, 14, 16) ILs. The temperature-dependent vapour pressures of [C(14)mim][NTf2] and [C(16)mim][NTf2] were measured with a Knudsen effusion apparatus combined with a quartz crystal microbalance. Thermodynamic properties of these compounds in the crystal, liquid, and gas states were derived from the obtained data. The results obtained in this work were combined to those available in the literature for the short-chain homologues to discuss regularities in thermodynamic properties of the series. While some properties demonstrate simple linear dependence on the alkyl chain length, a more complicated behaviour with strong non-linearity or a break at n = 6 is observed for others. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Paulechka, Eugene; Blokhin, Andrey V.] Belarusian State Univ, Fac Chem, Leningradskaya 14, Mink 220030, Byelarus. [Paulechka, Eugene] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rodrigues, Ana S. M. C.; Rocha, Marisa A. A.; Santos, Luis M. N. B. F.] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim & Bioquim, CIQ, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Rocha, Marisa A. A.] Univ Bremen, Tech Thermodynam, Badgasteiner Str 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Paulechka, E; Santos, LMNBF (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yauheni.paulechka@nist.gov; lbsantos@fc.up.pt OI /0000-0003-2208-1262; Santos, Luis/0000-0003-3040-0358 FU Belarusian State Program of Scientific Research "Chemical technologies and materials, natural resource potential" [1.35]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), Lisbon, Portugal; FEDER [Pest-C/QUI/UI0081/2011, PTDC/aac-amb/121161/2010]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/81261/2011]; COST Action [CM1206] FX This work was supported by the Belarusian State Program of Scientific Research "Chemical technologies and materials, natural resource potential" (grant 1.35) and Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), Lisbon, Portugal and to FEDER for financial support to Centro de Investigacao em Quimica, University of Porto through the project Pest-C/QUI/UI0081/2011 and PTDC/aac-amb/121161/2010, Ana S. M. C. Rodrigues acknowledge the financial support from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia for the award of research grant with reference, SFRH/BD/81261/2011. Thanks are due to the support from the COST Action CM1206. Eugene Paulechka and Andrey Blokhin are grateful to Aliaksei Strechan for his help in calorimetric measurements on [C14mim][NTf2]. This article is, in part, a contribution of NIST, and is not subject to copyright in the United States for the author E. P. Trade names are provided only to specify procedures adequately and do not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Similar products by other manufacturers may be found to work as well or better. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 EI 1096-3626 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 97 BP 331 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2016.02.009 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA DI4SE UT WOS:000373488800041 ER PT J AU Fang, L Hain, CR Zhan, XW Anderson, MC AF Fang, Li Hain, Christopher R. Zhan, Xiwu Anderson, Martha C. TI An inter-comparison of soil moisture data products from satellite remote sensing and a land surface model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Soil moisture product; Validation; Active and passive microwave; Thermal infrared remote sensing ID FRACTIONAL VEGETATION COVER; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; ENERGY FLUXES; SENSED DATA; PART I; TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVAL; ASCAT; IMPLEMENTATION AB Significant advances have been achieved in generating soil moisture (SM) products from satellite remote sensing and/or land surface modeling with reasonably good accuracy in recent years. However, the discrepancies among the different SM data products can be considerably large, which hampers their usage in various applications. The bias of one SM product from another is well recognized in the literature. Bias estimation and spatial correction methods have been documented for assimilating satellite SM product into land surface and hydrologic models. Nevertheless, understanding the characteristics of each of these SM data products is required for many applications where the most accurate data products are desirable. This study inter-compares five SM data products from three different sources with each other, and evaluates them against in situ SM measurements over 14-year period from 2000 to 2013. Specifically, three microwave (MW) satellite based data sets provided by ESA's Climate Change Initiative (CCI) (CCI-merged, -active and -passive products), one thermal infrared (TIR) satellite based product (ALEXI), and the Noah land surface model (LSM) simulations. The in-situ SM measurements are collected from the North American Soil Moisture Database (NASMD), which involves more than 600 ground sites from a variety of networks. They are used to evaluate the accuracies of these five SM data products. In general, each of the five SM products is capable of capturing the dry/wet patterns over the study period. However, the absolute SM values among the five products vary significantly. SM simulations from Noah LSM are more stable relative to the satellite-based products. All TIR and MW satellite based products are relatively noisier than the Noah LSM simulations. Even though MW satellite based SM retrievals have been predominantly used in the past years, SM retrievals of the ALEXI model based on TIR satellite observations demonstrate skills equivalent to all the MW satellite retrievals and even slightly better over certain regions. Compared to the individual active and passive MW products, the merged CCI product exhibits higher anomaly correlation with both Noah LSM simulations and in-situ SM measurements. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fang, Li; Hain, Christopher R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Fang, Li; Hain, Christopher R.; Zhan, Xiwu] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Anderson, Martha C.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg 007,BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fang, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM li.fang@noaa.gov RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU NOAA JPSS Risk Reduction and Proving Ground Program(Enhancing Agricultural Drought Monitoring Using NPP/JPSS Land EDRs for NIDIS); NOAA-NESDIS PSDI Program (GET-D; GOES Evapotranspiration (ET) and Drought Product System) FX This work is supported by the NOAA JPSS Risk Reduction and Proving Ground Program(Enhancing Agricultural Drought Monitoring Using NPP/JPSS Land EDRs for NIDIS) and the NOAA-NESDIS PSDI Program (GET-D; GOES Evapotranspiration (ET) and Drought Product System). NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 48 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2015.10.006 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DH3JC UT WOS:000372682300005 ER PT J AU Zhang, CL Lv, WC Tan, GT Song, Y Carr, SV Chi, SX Matsuda, M Christianson, AD Fernandez-Baca, JA Harriger, LW Dai, PC AF Zhang, Chenglin Lv, Weicheng Tan, Guotai Song, Yu Carr, Scott V. Chi, Songxue Matsuda, M. Christianson, A. D. Fernandez-Baca, J. A. Harriger, L. W. Dai, Pengcheng TI Electron doping evolution of the neutron spin resonance in NaFe1-xCoxAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTORS; SCATTERING; EXCITATIONS AB Neutron spin resonance, a collective magnetic excitation coupled to superconductivity, is one of the most prominent features shared by a broad family of unconventional superconductors including copper oxides, iron pnictides, and heavy fermions. In this paper, we study the doping evolution of the resonances in NaFe1-xCox As covering the entire superconducting dome. For the underdoped compositions, two resonance modes coexist. As doping increases, the low-energy resonance gradually loses its spectral weight to the high-energy one but remains at the same energy. By contrast, in the overdoped regime we only find one single resonance, which acquires a broader width in both energy and momentum but retains approximately the same peak position even when T-c drops by nearly a half compared to optimal doping. These results suggest that the energy of the resonance in electron overdoped NaFe1-xCox As is neither simply proportional to T-c nor the superconducting gap but is controlled by the multiorbital character of the system and doped impurity scattering effect. C1 [Zhang, Chenglin; Lv, Weicheng; Song, Yu; Carr, Scott V.; Dai, Pengcheng] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Tan, Guotai; Dai, Pengcheng] Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Chi, Songxue; Matsuda, M.; Christianson, A. D.; Fernandez-Baca, J. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fernandez-Baca, J. A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Harriger, L. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dai, PC (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA.; Dai, PC (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM pdai@rice.edu RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Matsuda, Masaaki/A-6902-2016; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/C-3984-2014; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Matsuda, Masaaki/0000-0003-2209-9526; christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/0000-0001-9080-5096; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153 FU US DOE, BES [DE-SC0012311]; Robert A. Welch foundation [C-1893]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US DOE FX We thank Caleb Redding and Z. C. Sims for their help in single crystal growth efforts. The single crystal growth and neutron scattering work at Rice is supported by the US DOE, BES under Contract No. DE-SC0012311 (P.D.). Part of the work is also supported by the Robert A. Welch foundation Grant No. C-1893 (P.D.). The use of Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US DOE. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 31 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 17 AR 174522 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.174522 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DN2QQ UT WOS:000376908500010 ER PT J AU Di Tullio, JC Gandra, TBR Zerbini, AN Secchi, ER AF Di Tullio, Juliana Couto Gandra, Tiago B. R. Zerbini, Alexandre N. Secchi, Eduardo R. TI Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Cetaceans in the Subtropical Southwestern Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf and Slope SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WHALES MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; EASTERN SOUTH-AMERICA; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; GLOBAL PATTERNS; BETA-DIVERSITY; BRYDES WHALE; BRAZIL; OCEAN; DOLPHINS AB Temporal and spatial patterns of cetacean diversity and distribution were investigated through eight ship-based surveys carried out during spring and autumn between 2009 and 2014 on the outer continental shelf (similar to 150m) and slope (1500m) off southeastern and southern Brazil (similar to 23 degrees S to similar to 34 degrees S). The survey area was divided into southeast and south areas according to their oceanographic characteristics. Twenty-one species were observed in 503 sightings. The overall number of species was similar between the two areas, though it was higher in the spring in the south area. Five species were dominant and diversity varied more seasonally than spatially. ANOVA and kernel analyses showed that overall cetacean densities were higher in spring compared to autumn. Physeter macrocephalus, the most frequent species, concentrated throughout the south area at depths over 1000m in both seasons. Despite the overlapped occurrence at a broader scale, small delphinids presented latitudinal and in-offshore gradients as well as seasonal variation in distribution patterns, which could indicate habitat partitioning between some species. Delphinus delphis was only recorded in the south and its density decreased in areas where the presence of Stenella frontalis increased, mainly beyond the 250m isobath. Densities of S. longirostris and S. attenuata increased in lower latitudes and beyond the shelf break. The large delphinids Tursiops truncatus and Globicephala melas formed mixed groups in many occasions and were observed along the study area around depths of 500m. Grampus griseus was twice as frequent in the south area and densities increased in waters deeper than 600m. As expected, densities of both small and large migratory whales were higher during spring, over the continental slope, in the southeast area. The results presented here provided strong evidence on the importance of the outer continental shelf and slope to a diverse community of cetaceans occurring in the subtropical Southwestern Atlantic. C1 [Di Tullio, Juliana Couto; Secchi, Eduardo R.] Univ Fed Rio Grande, Inst Oceanog, Lab Ecol & Conservacao Megafauna Marinha ECOMEGA, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Gandra, Tiago B. R.] Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Rio Grande Sul IFR, Lab Geotecnol & Meio Ambiente GEOMA, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Inst Aqualie, R Dr Paulo Japiassu Coelho 714-206, Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. RP Di Tullio, JC (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande, Inst Oceanog, Lab Ecol & Conservacao Megafauna Marinha ECOMEGA, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. EM ditullio.juliana@gmail.com FU Chevron Brasil Upstrem Frade Ltda; BG Group, Brasil; National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) [143263/2011-0, PQ 307843/2014-0]; CNPq [610012/2011-8] FX This project was mostly funded by Chevron Brasil Upstrem Frade Ltda. Additional funding was provided by BG Group, Brasil. The Brazilian Inter-Ministerial Commission for the Resources of the Sea (CIRM) supplied diesel for the ship for all surveys. The National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) provided a scholarship to JCDT (Process 143263/2011-0) and a research fellowship to ERS (PQ 307843/2014-0). This study is a contribution of the Research Group "Ecologia e Conservacao da Megafauna Marinha-EcoMega/CNPq" and the Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology - INCT-Mar COI funded by CNPq Grant Number 610012/2011-8. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; We are grateful to all researchers and students from the Federal University of Rio Grande-FURG and many other institutions who helped collecting the data at sea and especially F Abdala, M Bassoi, F Castro, PF Fruet, R Genoves, J Prado and E Seyboth. We also thank the crew of FURG's R/V "Atlantico Sul" for helping us in all onboard activities. A Andriolo, S Botta, L Fidelix, G Miranda, M Pinho, S Weigert, and the personnel of the Fleet Division provided logistical support. L Dalla Rosa, V Tavano, LS Madureira, A Azevedo and the anonymous referees provided useful suggestions to improve the manuscript. We dedicate this study to the late skipper of the R/V "Atlantico Sul" Mr. Homero Poujeaux Alvariz for his lifetime dedication to our research vessel. This study is a contribution of the Research Group "Ecologia e Conservacao da Megafauna Marinha-EcoMega/CNPq" and the Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology - INCT-Mar COI funded by CNPq Grant Number 610012/2011-8. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 31 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 AR e0155841 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0155841 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DN5XX UT WOS:000377146100008 PM 27243455 ER PT J AU Alberding, BG Kushto, GP Lane, PA Heilweil, EJ AF Alberding, Brian G. Kushto, Gary P. Lane, Paul A. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Reduced photoconductivity observed by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy in metal nanofilms with and without adhesion layers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE IMAGINARY CONDUCTIVITY; PHOTOEXCITED CARRIERS; THERMAL CONDUCTANCE; PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-EXCITATION; GOLD-FILMS; DYNAMICS; GRAPHENE; RESISTIVITY; ELECTRON AB Non-contact, optical time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy has been used to study the transient photoconductivity of nanometer-scale metallic films deposited on the fused quartz substrates. Samples of 8 nm thick gold or titanium show an instrument-limited (ca. 0.5 ps) decrease in conductivity following photoexcitation due to electron-phonon coupling and subsequent increased lattice temperatures which increases charge carrier scattering. In contrast, for samples of 8 nm gold with a 4 nm adhesion layer of titanium or chromium, a ca. 70 ps rise time for the lattice temperature increase is observed. These results establish the increased transient terahertz transmission sign change of metallic compared to semiconductor materials. The results also suggest nanoscale gold films that utilize an adhesion material do not consist of distinct layers. C1 [Alberding, Brian G.; Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kushto, Gary P.; Lane, Paul A.] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heilweil, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.heilweil@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology/National Research Council Research Associateship Program; NIST-Scientific Technical Research Support FX We would like to acknowledge the National Institute of Standards and Technology/National Research Council Research Associateship Program (B.G.A.) and NIST-Scientific Technical Research Support for funding. We also thank Paul D. Cunningham (U.S. Naval Research Laboratory) for useful discussions. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 30 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 22 AR 223104 DI 10.1063/1.4953208 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DP3XE UT WOS:000378428400035 ER PT J AU Bockstiegel, C Wang, Y Vissers, MR Wei, LF Chaudhuri, S Hubmayr, J Gao, J AF Bockstiegel, C. Wang, Y. Vissers, M. R. Wei, L. F. Chaudhuri, S. Hubmayr, J. Gao, J. TI A tunable coupler for superconducting microwave resonators using a nonlinear kinetic inductance transmission line SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND; AMPLIFIER AB We present a tunable coupler scheme that allows us to tune the coupling strength between a feedline and a superconducting resonator in situ over a wide range. In this scheme, we shunt the feedline with a 50-Omega lumped-element nonlinear transmission line made from a 20 nm NbTiN film. By injecting a DC current, the nonlinear kinetic inductance changes and the effective impedance shunting the resonator periodically varies from a short to an open, which tunes the coupling strength and coupling quality factor Q(c). We have demonstrated Q(c) tuning over a factor of 40, between Q(c) similar to 5.5 x 10(4) and Qc similar to 2.3 x 10(6), for a 4.5 GHz resonator by applying a DC current less than 3.3 mA. Our tunable coupler scheme is easy to implement and may find broad applications in superconducting detector and quantum computing/information experiments. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Bockstiegel, C.; Wang, Y.; Vissers, M. R.; Hubmayr, J.; Gao, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wang, Y.; Wei, L. F.] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Quantum Optoelect Lab, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Chaudhuri, S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bockstiegel, C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Wang, Y (reprint author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Quantum Optoelect Lab, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China. EM qubit@home.swjtu.edu.cn OI Wang, Yiwen/0000-0003-2337-1181 FU National Natural Science Foundation [61301031]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2682014CX087] FX The devices were fabricated in the NIST cleanroom. Yiwen Wang was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 61301031) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2682014CX087). NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 30 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 22 AR 222604 DI 10.1063/1.4953209 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DP3XE UT WOS:000378428400028 ER PT J AU Chapman, BJ Moores, BA Rosenthal, EI Kerckhoff, J Lehnert, KW AF Chapman, Benjamin J. Moores, Bradley A. Rosenthal, Eric I. Kerckhoff, Joseph Lehnert, K. W. TI General purpose multiplexing device for cryogenic microwave systems SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; ARRAYS; BOLOMETERS; CIRCUITS; READOUT; BIT AB We introduce and experimentally characterize a general purpose device for signal processing in circuit quantum electrodynamics systems. The device is a broadband two-port microwave circuit element with three modes of operation: it can transmit, reflect, or invert incident signals between 4 and 8 GHz. This property makes it a versatile tool for lossless signal processing at cryogenic temperatures. In particular, rapid switching (<= 15 ns) between these operation modes enables several multiplexing readout protocols for superconducting qubits. We report the device's performance in a two-channel code domain multiplexing demonstration. The multiplexed data are recovered with fast readout times (up to 400 ns) and infidelities <= 10(-2) for probe powers >= 7 fW, in agreement with the expectation for binary signaling with Gaussian noise. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Chapman, Benjamin J.; Moores, Bradley A.; Rosenthal, Eric I.; Kerckhoff, Joseph; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chapman, Benjamin J.; Moores, Bradley A.; Rosenthal, Eric I.; Kerckhoff, Joseph; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chapman, Benjamin J.; Moores, Bradley A.; Rosenthal, Eric I.; Kerckhoff, Joseph; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chapman, BJ (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Chapman, BJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Chapman, BJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM benjamin.chapman@colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 FU ARO [W911NF-14-1-0079]; National Science Foundation [1125844] FX This work is supported by the ARO under Contract No. W911NF-14-1-0079 and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 30 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 22 AR 222602 DI 10.1063/1.4952772 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DP3XE UT WOS:000378428400026 ER PT J AU Wang, MH AF Wang, Menghua TI Rayleigh radiance computations for satellite remote sensing: accounting for the effect of sensor spectral response function SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; OCEAN COLOR PRODUCTS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SEAWIFS; ALGORITHM; SCANNER; SYSTEM; SPECTROMETER AB To understand and assess the effect of the sensor spectral response function (SRF) on the accuracy of the top of the atmosphere (TOA) Rayleigh-scattering radiance computation, new TOA Rayleigh radiance lookup tables (LUTs) over global oceans and inland waters have been generated. The new Rayleigh LUTs include spectral coverage of 335-2555 nm, all possible solar-sensor geometries, and surface wind speeds of 0-30 m/s. Using the new Rayleigh LUTs, the sensor SRF effect on the accuracy of the TOA Rayleigh radiance computation has been evaluated for spectral bands of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite and the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)-1, showing some important uncertainties for VIIRS-SNPP particularly for large solar- and/or sensor-zenith angles as well as for large Rayleigh optical thicknesses (i.e., short wavelengths) and bands with broad spectral bandwidths. To accurately account for the sensor SRF effect, a new correction algorithm has been developed for VIIRS spectral bands, which improves the TOA Rayleigh radiance accuracy to similar to 0.01% even for the large solar-zenith angles of 70 degrees-80 degrees, compared with the error of similar to 0.7% without applying the correction for the VIIRS-SNPP 410 nm band. The same methodology that accounts for the sensor SRF effect on the Rayleigh radiance computation can be used for other satellite sensors. In addition, with the new Rayleigh LUTs, the effect of surface atmospheric pressure variation on the TOA Rayleigh radiance computation can be calculated precisely, and no specific atmospheric pressure correction algorithm is needed. There are some other important applications and advantages to using the new Rayleigh LUTs for satellite remote sensing, including an efficient and accurate TOA Rayleigh radiance computation for hyperspectral satellite remote sensing, detector-based TOA Rayleigh radiance computation, Rayleigh radiance calculations for high altitude lakes, and the same Rayleigh LUTs are applicable for all satellite sensors over the global ocean and inland waters. The new Rayleigh LUTs have been implemented in the VIIRS-SNPP ocean color data processing for routine production of global ocean color and inland water products. (C)2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 30 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2414 EP 2429 DI 10.1364/OE.24.012414 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA DO0KM UT WOS:000377467800098 PM 27410156 ER PT J AU Nakamura, R Sergeev, VA Baumjohann, W Plaschke, F Magnes, W Fischer, D Varsani, A Schmid, D Nakamura, TKM Russell, CT Strangeway, RJ Leinweber, HK Le, G Bromund, KR Pollock, CJ Giles, BL Dorelli, JC Gershman, DJ Paterson, W Avanov, LA Fuselier, SA Genestreti, K Burch, JL Torbert, RB Chutter, M Argall, MR Anderson, BJ Lindqvist, PA Marklund, GT Khotyaintsev, YV Mauk, BH Cohen, IJ Baker, DN Jaynes, AN Ergun, RE Singer, HJ Slavin, JA Kepko, EL Moore, TE Lavraud, B Coffey, V Saito, Y AF Nakamura, R. Sergeev, V. A. Baumjohann, W. Plaschke, F. Magnes, W. Fischer, D. Varsani, A. Schmid, D. Nakamura, T. K. M. Russell, C. T. Strangeway, R. J. Leinweber, H. K. Le, G. Bromund, K. R. Pollock, C. J. Giles, B. L. Dorelli, J. C. Gershman, D. J. Paterson, W. Avanov, L. A. Fuselier, S. A. Genestreti, K. Burch, J. L. Torbert, R. B. Chutter, M. Argall, M. R. Anderson, B. J. Lindqvist, P. -A. Marklund, G. T. Khotyaintsev, Y. V. Mauk, B. H. Cohen, I. J. Baker, D. N. Jaynes, A. N. Ergun, R. E. Singer, H. J. Slavin, J. A. Kepko, E. L. Moore, T. E. Lavraud, B. Coffey, V. Saito, Y. TI Transient, small-scale field-aligned currents in the plasma sheet boundary layer during storm time substorms SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONS AB We report on field-aligned current observations by the four Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft near the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) during two major substorms on 23 June 2015. Small-scale field-aligned currents were found embedded in fluctuating PSBL flux tubes near the separatrix region. We resolve, for the first time, short-lived earthward (downward) intense field-aligned current sheets with thicknesses of a few tens of kilometers, which are well below the ion scale, on flux tubes moving equatorward/earthward during outward plasma sheet expansion. They coincide with upward field-aligned electron beams with energies of a few hundred eV. These electrons are most likely due to acceleration associated with a reconnection jet or high-energy ion beam-produced disturbances. The observations highlight coupling of multiscale processes in PSBL as a consequence of magnetotail reconnection. C1 [Nakamura, R.; Baumjohann, W.; Plaschke, F.; Magnes, W.; Fischer, D.; Varsani, A.; Schmid, D.; Nakamura, T. K. M.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Sergeev, V. A.] St Petersburg State Univ, Earth Phys Dept, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Russell, C. T.; Strangeway, R. J.; Leinweber, H. K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Russell, C. T.; Strangeway, R. J.; Leinweber, H. K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Le, G.; Bromund, K. R.; Pollock, C. J.; Giles, B. L.; Dorelli, J. C.; Gershman, D. J.; Paterson, W.; Avanov, L. A.; Kepko, E. L.; Moore, T. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Pollock, C. J.] Denali Sci, Healy, AK USA. [Fuselier, S. A.; Genestreti, K.; Burch, J. L.; Torbert, R. B.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Fuselier, S. A.] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. [Torbert, R. B.; Chutter, M.; Argall, M. R.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Anderson, B. J.; Mauk, B. H.; Cohen, I. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Lindqvist, P. -A.; Marklund, G. T.] Royal Inst Technol, Space & Plasma Phys, Stockholm, Sweden. [Khotyaintsev, Y. V.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. [Baker, D. N.; Jaynes, A. N.; Ergun, R. E.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Slavin, J. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lavraud, B.] CNRS, Toulouse, France. [Coffey, V.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Saito, Y.] JAXA Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Nakamura, R (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM rumi.nakamura@oeaw.ac.at RI Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013; Baumjohann, Wolfgang/A-1012-2010; Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; Cohen, Ian/K-3038-2015; NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Mauk, Barry/E-8420-2017 OI Nakamura, Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211; Baumjohann, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6271-0110; Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Cohen, Ian/0000-0002-9163-6009; NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214; Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631; Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; Mauk, Barry/0000-0001-9789-3797 FU NSF [ATM-0739864, ATM-1420184]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I2016-N20] FX MMS and GOES data are available from https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/ and http://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov respectively. AMPERE development, data acquisition, and science processing were supported by NSF awards ATM-0739864 and ATM-1420184 to JHU/APL, and these data are available via the AMPERE Science Data Center website: http://ampere.jhuapl.edu. The authors thank I.R. Mann, D.K. Milling, the CARISMA team (http://www.carisma.ca/), GIMA team (http://magnet.asf.alaska.edu/), M. Connors and the AUTUMN/AUTUMNX team, and S. Mende. The Space Physics Environment Data Analysis Software (SPEDAS, spedas.org) was used for the data processing. We thank the SPEDAS team, T. Phan, M. Oka, S. Wang, L.-J. Chen, and N. Kitamura for their help in using SPEDAS. We thank O. Le Contel, the SCM team, H. Vaith, Y. Narita, T. Nagai, E. Panov, Z. Voros, M. Andriopoulou, J. Birn, C. Kletzing, P. Reiff, S. Y. Sazykin, and A. G. Daou for their helpful comments and fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF):I2016-N20. IRAP contribution to MMS was supported by CNES and CNRS. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 10 BP 4841 EP 4849 DI 10.1002/2016GL068768 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2UC UT WOS:000378347500022 PM 27867235 ER PT J AU Oh, Y Stackhouse, B Lau, MCY Xu, XT Trugman, AT Moch, J Onstott, TC Jorgensen, CJ D'Imperio, L Elberling, B Emmerton, CA St Louis, VL Medvigy, D AF Oh, Youmi Stackhouse, Brandon Lau, Maggie C. Y. Xu, Xiangtao Trugman, Anna T. Moch, Jonathan Onstott, Tullis C. Jorgensen, Christian J. D'Imperio, Ludovica Elberling, Bo Emmerton, Craig A. St Louis, Vincent L. Medvigy, David TI A scalable model for methane consumption in arctic mineral soils SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPARISON PROJECT WETCHIMP; GLOBAL WETLAND EXTENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PERMAFROST CARBON; PRESENT STATE; OXIDATION; FLUXES; CYCLE; SINK; METHANOGENESIS AB Recent field studies have documented a surprisingly strong and consistent methane sink in arctic mineral soils, thought to be due to high-affinity methanotrophy. However, the distinctive physiology of these methanotrophs is poorly represented in mechanistic methane models. We developed a new model, constrained by microcosm experiments, to simulate the activity of high-affinity methanotrophs. The model was tested against soil core-thawing experiments and field-based measurements of methane fluxes and was compared to conventional mechanistic methane models. Our simulations show that high-affinity methanotrophy can be an important component of the net methane flux from arctic mineral soils. Simulations without this process overestimate methane emissions. Furthermore, simulations of methane flux seasonality are improved by dynamic simulation of active microbial biomass. Because a large fraction of the Arctic is characterized by mineral soils, high-affinity methanotrophy will likely have a strong effect on its net methane flux. C1 [Oh, Youmi; Trugman, Anna T.; Medvigy, David] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stackhouse, Brandon; Lau, Maggie C. Y.; Xu, Xiangtao; Moch, Jonathan; Onstott, Tullis C.; Medvigy, David] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Moch, Jonathan] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jorgensen, Christian J.; D'Imperio, Ludovica; Elberling, Bo] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Ctr Permafrost CENPERM, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Emmerton, Craig A.; St Louis, Vincent L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Medvigy, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Medvigy, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM dmedvigy@princeton.edu RI St. Louis, Vincent/G-6842-2011 FU Danish National Research Foundation [CENPERM DNRF100]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX We acknowledge support from the Danish National Research Foundation (CENPERM DNRF100) and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). We thank William Riley, Shuhei Ono, Jaya Khanna, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. The data and model code are available upon request to the authors. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 10 BP 5143 EP 5150 DI 10.1002/2016GL069049 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2UC UT WOS:000378347500059 ER PT J AU Sun, L Perlwitz, J Hoerling, M AF Sun, Lantao Perlwitz, Judith Hoerling, Martin TI What caused the recent "Warm Arctic, Cold Continents" trend pattern in winter temperatures? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE LOSS; AMPLIFICATION; LATITUDES; IMPACT AB The emergence of rapid Arctic warming in recent decades has coincided with unusually cold winters over Northern Hemisphere continents. It has been speculated that this "Warm Arctic, Cold Continents" trend pattern is due to sea ice loss. Here we use multiple models to examine whether such a pattern is indeed forced by sea ice loss specifically and by anthropogenic forcing in general. While we show much of Arctic amplification in surface warming to result from sea ice loss, we find that neither sea ice loss nor anthropogenic forcing overall yield trends toward colder continental temperatures. An alternate explanation of the cooling is that it represents a strong articulation of internal atmospheric variability, evidence for which is derived from model data, and physical considerations. Sea ice loss impact on weather variability over the high-latitude continents is found, however, to be characterized by reduced daily temperature variability and fewer cold extremes. C1 [Sun, Lantao; Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sun, Lantao; Perlwitz, Judith; Hoerling, Martin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sun, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Sun, L (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM lantao.sun@noaa.gov RI Sun, Lantao/D-9948-2015; Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Sun, Lantao/0000-0001-8578-9175; Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; NASA's MAP program FX We thank Michael Alexander, Clara Deser, Isaac Held, Thomas Knutson, and Rong Zhang for valuable discussions and two reviewers for their helpful comments that improved the manuscript. We thank Xiao-Wei Quan, Dave Allured, Lesley Smith, and Don Murray for the access to different historical simulation data. All the data analyzed in this paper can be found at NOAA's Physical Science Division FACTs website: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/repository/alias/facts. The research is supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office and NASA's MAP program. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 10 BP 5345 EP 5352 DI 10.1002/2016GL069024 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2UC UT WOS:000378347500083 ER PT J AU Janssen, E Sriver, RL Wuebbles, DJ Kunkel, KE AF Janssen, E. Sriver, R. L. Wuebbles, D. J. Kunkel, K. E. TI Seasonal and regional variations in extreme precipitation event frequency using CMIP5 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; INTENSE PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRENDS; RECORD; CYCLE AB Understanding how the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events are changing is important for regional risk assessments and adaptation planning. Here we use observational data and an ensemble of climate change model experiments (from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5)) to examine past and potential future seasonal changes in extreme precipitation event frequency over the United States. Using the extreme precipitation index as a metric for extreme precipitation change, we find key differences between models and observations. In particular, the CMIP5 models tend to overestimate the number of spring events and underestimate the number of summer events. This seasonal shift in the models is amplified in projections. These results provide a basis for evaluating climate model skill in simulating observed seasonality and changes in regional extreme precipitation. Additionally, we highlight key sources of variability and uncertainty that can potentially inform regional impact analyses and adaptation planning. C1 [Janssen, E.; Sriver, R. L.; Wuebbles, D. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kunkel, K. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, Asheville, NC USA. [Kunkel, K. E.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. RP Janssen, E (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ejansse2@illinois.edu RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015 OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047 FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA14NES432003] FX This work was partially supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under cooperative agreement NA14NES432003. Observational daily precipitation data used in this study can be accessed via https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/ghcn-daily/. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 in the supporting information) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. CMIP5 data can be accessed via http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/data_getting_started.html. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 10 BP 5385 EP 5393 DI 10.1002/2016GL069151 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2UC UT WOS:000378347500087 ER PT J AU Lauvaux, T Miles, NL Deng, AJ Richardson, SJ Cambaliza, MO Davis, KJ Gaudet, B Gurney, KR Huang, JH O'Keefe, D Song, Y Karion, A Oda, T Patarasuk, R Razlivanov, I Sarmiento, D Shepson, P Sweeney, C Turnbull, J Wu, K AF Lauvaux, Thomas Miles, Natasha L. Deng, Aijun Richardson, Scott J. Cambaliza, Maria O. Davis, Kenneth J. Gaudet, Brian Gurney, Kevin R. Huang, Jianhua O'Keefe, Darragh Song, Yang Karion, Anna Oda, Tomohiro Patarasuk, Risa Razlivanov, Igor Sarmiento, Daniel Shepson, Paul Sweeney, Colm Turnbull, Jocelyn Wu, Kai TI High-resolution atmospheric inversion of urban CO2 emissions during the dormant season of the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION; DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL; REGION; AREA; QUANTIFICATION; UNCERTAINTIES; PERSPECTIVE AB Based on a uniquely dense network of surface towers measuring continuously the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), we developed the first comprehensive monitoring systems of CO2 emissions at high resolution over the city of Indianapolis. The urban inversion evaluated over the 2012-2013 dormant season showed a statistically significant increase of about 20% (from 4.5 to 5.7 MtC +/- 0.23 MtC) compared to the Hestia CO2 emission estimate, a state-of-the-art building-level emission product. Spatial structures in prior emission errors, mostly undetermined, appeared to affect the spatial pattern in the inverse solution and the total carbon budget over the entire area by up to 15%, while the inverse solution remains fairly insensitive to the CO2 boundary inflow and to the different prior emissions (i.e., ODIAC). Preceding the surface emission optimization, we improved the atmospheric simulations using a meteorological data assimilation system also informing our Bayesian inversion system through updated observations error variances. Finally, we estimated the uncertainties associated with undetermined parameters using an ensemble of inversions. The total CO2 emissions based on the ensemble mean and quartiles (5.26-5.91 MtC) were statistically different compared to the prior total emissions (4.1 to 4.5 MtC). Considering the relatively small sensitivity to the different parameters, we conclude that atmospheric inversions are potentially able to constrain the carbon budget of the city, assuming sufficient data to measure the inflow of GHG over the city, but additional information on prior emission error structures are required to determine the spatial structures of urban emissions at high resolution. C1 [Lauvaux, Thomas; Miles, Natasha L.; Deng, Aijun; Richardson, Scott J.; Davis, Kenneth J.; Gaudet, Brian; Sarmiento, Daniel; Wu, Kai] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lauvaux, Thomas] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Cambaliza, Maria O.] Ateneo Manila Univ, Dept Phys, Quezon City, Philippines. [Cambaliza, Maria O.] Ateneo de Manila Campus, Manila Observ, Quezon City, Philippines. [Gurney, Kevin R.; Huang, Jianhua; O'Keefe, Darragh; Song, Yang; Patarasuk, Risa; Razlivanov, Igor] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oda, Tomohiro] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Oda, Tomohiro] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD USA. [Shepson, Paul; Turnbull, Jocelyn] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Turnbull, Jocelyn] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Turnbull, Jocelyn] GNS Sci, Natl Isotope Ctr, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Lauvaux, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Lauvaux, T (reprint author), NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM tul5@psu.edu FU National Institute for Standards and Technology [70NANB10H245]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA13OAR4310076] FX This work has been funded by the National Institute for Standards and Technology (project 70NANB10H245) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (grant NA13OAR4310076). The data used in this study are available at http://sites.psu.edu/influx/data/. We also want to acknowledge the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Chemical Sciences Division for providing HALO lidar data. T. Lauvaux performed the inversions; A. Deng performed the WRF-FDDA model simulations; B. Gaudet provided support for the WRF model evaluation; N. Miles and S. Richardson provided the calibrated tower greenhouse gas measurements; C. Sweeney, J. Turnbull, and A. Karion provided flask data for calibration and provided comments about the study; M. Cambaliza provided comments about the study; K. Gurney, J. Huang, I. Razlivanov, R. Patarasuk developed and prepared the Hestia emission product; D. Sarmiento contributed to model developments and improvement of the WRF model simulations; K. Wu contributed to the development of the inversion system; T. Oda provided the ODIAC emission product; and K. Davis and P. Shepson provided comments and discussed the results of the study. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 10 BP 5213 EP 5236 DI 10.1002/2015JD024473 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT6YB UT WOS:000381629900007 ER PT J AU Ray, EA Moore, FL Rosenlof, KH Plummer, DA Kolonjari, F Walker, KA AF Ray, Eric A. Moore, Fred L. Rosenlof, Karen H. Plummer, David A. Kolonjari, Felicia Walker, Kaley A. TI An idealized stratospheric model useful for understanding differences between long-lived trace gas measurements and global chemistry-climate model output SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL LOWER STRATOSPHERE; BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; AIR; AGE; EXTENSION; SYSTEM; OZONE AB We use a modified version of the tropical leaky pipe (TLP) model of the stratosphere to explore how well an idealized model can (1) reproduce global chemistry-climate model (CCM) output and (2) constrain transport characteristics necessary to replicate measurements of long-lived trace gases. The version of the TLP model we use includes the simulation of long-lived trace gases, such as SF6 and CO2, as well as photochemically active trace gases such as CFC-11, CFC-12, and N2O. The TLP model was found to accurately replicate trace gas output from the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM) for time-averaged profiles in the tropics and each extratropical region. Given confidence that the TLP model represents the basic transport features in CMAM we then used the TLP model to interpret differences between CMAM output and measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment and balloons. The TLP model is shown to uniquely determine residual mean circulation and recirculation (mixing between the extratropics and tropics) changes necessary for CMAM to more accurately simulate the measurements. Such guidance on these transport parameters is novel due to the relatively high precision and the simultaneous derivation of important parameters, as compared to previous studies. The TLP model can ideally be used as a bridge between measurements and CCMs to potentially allow more targeted modification of the CCMs than would otherwise be possible. C1 [Ray, Eric A.; Rosenlof, Karen H.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Moore, Fred L.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ray, Eric A.; Moore, Fred L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Plummer, David A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Kolonjari, Felicia; Walker, Kaley A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Ray, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.; Ray, EA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM eric.ray@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849 FU NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate program; Canadian Space Agency through the CMAM20 project; Canadian Space Agency FX This work was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate program. The CMAM simulations used for this work were made possible by financial support from the Canadian Space Agency through the CMAM20 project. More information and output from CMAM can be found at http://www.cccma.ec.gc.ca/. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency. ACE data can be accessed via the ACE-FTS website (registration required) http://www.ace.uwaterloo.ca. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 10 BP 5356 EP 5367 DI 10.1002/2015JD024447 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT6YB UT WOS:000381629900014 ER PT J AU Peischl, J Karion, A Sweeney, C Kort, EA Smith, ML Brandt, AR Yeskoo, T Aikin, KC Conley, SA Gvakharia, A Trainer, M Wolter, S Ryerson, TB AF Peischl, J. Karion, A. Sweeney, C. Kort, E. A. Smith, M. L. Brandt, A. R. Yeskoo, T. Aikin, K. C. Conley, S. A. Gvakharia, A. Trainer, M. Wolter, S. Ryerson, T. B. TI Quantifying atmospheric methane emissions from oil and natural gas production in the Bakken shale region of North Dakota SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT; BASIN AB We present in situ airborne measurements of methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) taken aboard a NOAA DHC-6 Twin Otter research aircraft in May 2014 over the Williston Basin in northwestern North Dakota, a region of rapidly growing oil and natural gas production. The Williston Basin is best known for the Bakken shale formation, from which a significant increase in oil and gas extraction has occurred since 2009. We derive a CH4 emission rate from this region using airborne data by calculating the CH4 enhancement flux through the planetary boundary layer downwind of the region. We calculate CH4 emissions of (36 +/- 13), (27 +/- 13), (27 +/- 12), (27 +/- 12), and (25 +/- 10) x 10(3) kg/h from five transects on 3 days in May 2014 downwind of the Bakken shale region of North Dakota. The average emission, (28 +/- 5) x 10(3) kg/h, extrapolates to 0.25 +/- 0.05 Tg/yr, which is significantly lower than a previous estimate of CH4 emissions from northwestern North Dakota and southeastern Saskatchewan using satellite remote sensing data. We attribute the majority of CH4 emissions in the region to oil and gas operations in the Bakken based on the similarity between atmospheric C2H6 to CH4 enhancement ratios and the composition of raw natural gas withdrawn from the region. C1 [Peischl, J.; Karion, A.; Sweeney, C.; Aikin, K. C.; Wolter, S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Peischl, J.; Aikin, K. C.; Trainer, M.; Ryerson, T. B.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Karion, A.; Sweeney, C.; Wolter, S.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Karion, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kort, E. A.; Smith, M. L.; Gvakharia, A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brandt, A. R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Energy Resources Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Yeskoo, T.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Conley, S. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Peischl, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Peischl, J (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM jeff.peischl@noaa.gov RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program [NA14OAR0110139] FX J. Peischl, K. Aikin, M. Trainer, and T. Ryerson were supported in part by the NOAA Climate Program Office. A. Karion, C. Sweeney, S. Wolter, E. Kort, M. Smith, and A. Gvakharia were supported in part by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program under grant NA14OAR0110139. Data are publicly available at http://esrl.noaa.gov/csd/groups/csd7/measurements/2014topdown/. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 18 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 10 BP 6101 EP 6111 DI 10.1002/2015JD024631 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT6YB UT WOS:000381629900057 ER PT J AU Barnes, EA Fiore, AM Horowitz, LW AF Barnes, Elizabeth A. Fiore, Arlene M. Horowitz, Larry W. TI Detection of trends in surface ozone in the presence of climate variability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; LONG-TERM CHANGES; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; FREE TROPOSPHERE; MIXING RATIOS; MODELS; MIDLATITUDES; SIMULATIONS AB Trends in trace atmospheric constituents can be driven not also by trends in their (precursor) emissions but also by trends in meteorology. Here we use ground-level ozone as an example to highlight the extent to which unforced, low-frequency climate variability can drive multidecadal trends. Using output from six experiments of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory chemistry-climate model (CM3), we demonstrate that 20 year trends in surface ozone driven by climate variability alone can be as large as those forced by changes in ozone precursor emissions or by anthropogenic climate change. We highlight regions and seasons where surface ozone is strongly influenced by climate variability and thus where a given forced trend may be more difficult to detect. A corollary is that this approach identifies regions and seasons of low variability, where measurement sites may be most effectively deployed to detect a particular trend driven by changing precursor emissions. We find that the representative concentration pathways 4.5 (RCP4.5) and RCP8.5 forced surface ozone trends in most locations emerge over background variability during the first half of the 21st century. Ozone trends are found to respond mostly to changes in emissions of ozone precursors and unforced climate variability, with a comparatively small impact from anthropogenic climate change. Thus, attempts to attribute observed trends to regional emissions changes require consideration of internal climate variability, particularly for short record lengths and small forced trends. C1 [Barnes, Elizabeth A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Barnes, EA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM eabarnes@atmos.colostate.edu RI Barnes, Elizabeth/O-1790-2014 OI Barnes, Elizabeth/0000-0003-4284-9320 FU NSF [AGS-1419818]; EPA STAR grant [83520601] FX We are grateful to Gus Correa for assisting with processing and archival of model simulations. The observational ozone record from Zugspitze, Germany, was provided by Hans-Eckhart Scheel. E.A.B. is supported, in part, by NSF grant AGS-1419818. A.M.F. acknowledges support from EPA STAR grant 83520601. This article's contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official view of the EPA. Further, the EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. The data used are listed in the references and table and are available upon request. The authors also thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 10 BP 6112 EP 6129 DI 10.1002/2015JD024397 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT6YB UT WOS:000381629900058 ER PT J AU Anderson, KW Mast, N Hudgens, JW Lin, JB Turko, IV Pikuleva, IA AF Anderson, Kyle W. Mast, Natalia Hudgens, Jeffrey W. Lin, Joseph B. Turko, Illarion V. Pikuleva, Irina A. TI Mapping of the Allosteric Site in Cholesterol Hydroxylase CYP46A1 for Efavirenz, a Drug That Stimulates Enzyme Activity SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME P450 OXIDOREDUCTASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; HYDROGEN-EXCHANGE; STRUCTURAL BASIS; HUMAN BRAIN; 46A1; TURNOVER; BINDING; MICE AB Cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1) is a microsomal enzyme and cholesterol 24-hydroxylase that controls cholesterol elimination from the brain. This P450 is also a potential target for Alzheimer disease because it can be activated pharmacologically by some marketed drugs, as exemplified by efavirenz, the anti-HIV medication. Previously, we suggested that pharmaceuticals activate CYP46A1 allosterically through binding to a site on the cytosolic protein surface, which is different from the enzyme active site facing the membrane. Here we identified this allosteric site for efavirenz on CYP46A1 by using a combination of hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to MS, computational modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and analysis of the CYP46A1 crystal structure. We also mapped the binding region for the CYP46A1 redox partner oxidoreductase and found that the allosteric and redox partner binding sites share a common border. On the basis of the data obtained, we propose the mechanism of CYP46A1 allostery and the pathway for the signal transmission from the P450 allosteric site to the active site. C1 [Anderson, Kyle W.; Hudgens, Jeffrey W.; Turko, Illarion V.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Anderson, Kyle W.; Hudgens, Jeffrey W.; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Mast, Natalia; Lin, Joseph B.; Pikuleva, Irina A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, 2085 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Pikuleva, IA (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, 2085 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM iap8@case.edu OI Anderson, Kyle/0000-0002-2808-3026 FU Public Health Service Grant [GM062882] FX This work was supported in part by Public Health Service Grant GM062882 (to I. A. P). The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article. Certain commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this manuscript in order to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 27 PY 2016 VL 291 IS 22 BP 11876 EP 11886 DI 10.1074/jbc.M116.723577 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA DN7NZ UT WOS:000377264800036 PM 27056331 ER PT J AU Bierhorst, P AF Bierhorst, Peter TI Geometric decompositions of Bell polytopes with practical applications SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article DE Bell's inequality; no-signaling polytopes; quantum nonlocality ID QUANTUM NONLOCALITY; INEQUALITIES AB In the well-studied(2, 2, 2) Bell experiment consisting of two parties, two measurement settings per party, and two possible outcomes per setting, it is known that if the experiment obeys no-signaling constraints, then the set of admissible experimental probability distributions is fully characterized as the convex hull of 24 distributions: eight Popescu-Rohrlich (PR) boxes and 16 local deterministic distributions. Furthermore, it turns out that in the(2, 2, 2) case, any nonlocal nonsignaling distribution can always be uniquely expressed as a convex combination of exactly one PR box and (up to) eight local deterministic distributions. In this representation each PR box will always occur only with a fixed set of eight local deterministic distributions with which it is affiliated. In this paper, we derive multiple practical applications of this result: we demonstrate an analytical proof that the minimum detection efficiency for which nonlocality can be observed is eta > 2/3 even for theories constrained only by the no-signaling principle, and we develop new algorithms that speed the calculation of important statistical functions of Bell test data. Finally, we enumerate the vertices of the no-signaling polytope for the(2, n, 2) 'chained Bell' scenario and find that similar decomposition results are possible in this general case. Here, our results allow us to prove the optimality of a bound, derived in Barrett et al (2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 170409), on the proportion of local theories in a local/nonlocal mixture that can be inferred from the experimental violation of a chained Bell inequality. C1 [Bierhorst, Peter] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bierhorst, P (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM peter.bierhorst@nist.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 EI 1751-8121 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD MAY 27 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 21 AR 215301 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/49/21/215301 PG 40 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA DK2SU UT WOS:000374765500007 ER PT J AU Spaun, B Changala, PB Patterson, D Bjork, BJ Heckl, OH Doyle, JM Ye, J AF Spaun, Ben Changala, P. Bryan Patterson, David Bjork, Bryce J. Heckl, Oliver H. Doyle, John M. Ye, Jun TI Continuous probing of cold complex molecules with infrared frequency comb spectroscopy SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; INTERNAL-ROTATION; FORCE-FIELD; STRETCHING OVERTONE; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; RADICAL CATIONS; NITROMETHANE; NAPHTHALENE; BAND; RAMAN AB For more than half a century, high-resolution infrared spectroscopy has played a crucial role in probing molecular structure and dynamics. Such studies have so far been largely restricted to relatively small and simple systems, because at room temperature even molecules of modest size already occupy many millions of rotational/vibrational states, yielding highly congested spectra that are difficult to assign. Targeting more complex molecules requires methods that can record broadband infrared spectra (that is, spanning multiple vibrational bands) with both high resolution and high sensitivity. However, infrared spectroscopic techniques have hitherto been limited either by narrow bandwidth and long acquisition time(1), or by low sensitivity and resolution(2). Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy (CE-DFCS) combines the inherent broad bandwidth and high resolution of an optical frequency comb with the high detection sensitivity provided by a high-finesse enhancement cavity(3,4), but it still suffers from spectral congestion(5). Here we show that this problem can be overcome by using buffer gas cooling(6) to produce continuous, cold samples of molecules that are then subjected to CE-DFCS. This integration allows us to acquire a rotationally resolved direct absorption spectrum in the C-H stretching region of nitromethane, a model system that challenges our understanding of large-amplitude vibrational motion(7-9). We have also used this technique on several large organic molecules that are of fundamental spectroscopic and astrochemical relevance, including naphthalene(10), adamantane(11) and hexamethylenetetramine(12). These findings establish the value of our approach for studying much larger and more complex molecules than have been probed so far, enabling complex molecules and their kinetics to be studied with orders-of-magnitude improvements in efficiency, spectral resolution and specificity. C1 [Spaun, Ben; Changala, P. Bryan; Bjork, Bryce J.; Heckl, Oliver H.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spaun, Ben; Changala, P. Bryan; Bjork, Bryce J.; Heckl, Oliver H.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Patterson, David; Doyle, John M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Spaun, B; Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Spaun, B; Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Spaun@jila.colorado.edu; Ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU DARPA SCOUT; AFOSR; NIST; NSF-JILA PFC; NSF; HQOC; NRC; Humboldt Fellowship; NSF GRFP [DGE1144083] FX We acknowledge funding from DARPA SCOUT, AFOSR, NIST and NSF-JILA PFC for this research. J.M.D. and D.P. acknowledge funding from the NSF and HQOC. B.S. is supported through an NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship. O.H.H. is partially supported through a Humboldt Fellowship. P.B.C. is supported by the NSF GRFP (award no. DGE1144083). We thank J. Baraban for input and discussion. We thank D. Perry for providing us with G. O. Sorensen's original nitromethane ground state data. NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 20 U2 45 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 26 PY 2016 VL 533 IS 7604 BP 517 EP + DI 10.1038/nature17440 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM6EJ UT WOS:000376443100037 PM 27144351 ER PT J AU Trostl, J Chuang, WK Gordon, H Heinritzi, M Yan, C Molteni, U Ahlm, L Frege, C Bianchi, F Wagner, R Simon, M Lehtipalo, K Williamson, C Craven, JS Duplissy, J Adamov, A Almeida, J Bernhammer, AK Breitenlechner, M Brilke, S Dias, A Ehrhart, S Flagan, RC Franchin, A Fuchs, C Guida, R Gysel, M Hansel, A Hoyle, CR Jokinen, T Junninen, H Kangasluoma, J Keskinen, H Kim, J Krapf, M Kurten, A Laaksonen, A Lawler, M Leiminger, M Mathot, S Mohler, O Nieminen, T Onnela, A Petaja, T Piel, FM Miettinen, P Rissanen, MP Rondo, L Sarnela, N Schobesberger, S Sengupta, K Sipila, M Smith, JN Steiner, G Tome, A Virtanen, A Wagner, AC Weingartner, E Wimmer, D Winkler, PM Ye, PL Carslaw, KS Curtius, J Dommen, J Kirkby, J Kulmala, M Riipinen, I Worsnop, DR Donahue, NM Baltensperger, U AF Troestl, Jasmin Chuang, Wayne K. Gordon, Hamish Heinritzi, Martin Yan, Chao Molteni, Ugo Ahlm, Lars Frege, Carla Bianchi, Federico Wagner, Robert Simon, Mario Lehtipalo, Katrianne Williamson, Christina Craven, Jill S. Duplissy, Jonathan Adamov, Alexey Almeida, Joao Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin Breitenlechner, Martin Brilke, Sophia Dias, Antonio Ehrhart, Sebastian Flagan, Richard C. Franchin, Alessandro Fuchs, Claudia Guida, Roberto Gysel, Martin Hansel, Armin Hoyle, Christopher R. Jokinen, Tuija Junninen, Heikki Kangasluoma, Juha Keskinen, Helmi Kim, Jaeseok Krapf, Manuel Kuerten, Andreas Laaksonen, Ari Lawler, Michael Leiminger, Markus Mathot, Serge Moehler, Ottmar Nieminen, Tuomo Onnela, Antti Petaejae, Tuukka Piel, Felix M. Miettinen, Pasi Rissanen, Matti P. Rondo, Linda Sarnela, Nina Schobesberger, Siegfried Sengupta, Kamalika Sipila, Mikko Smith, James N. Steiner, Gerhard Tome, Antonio Virtanen, Annele Wagner, Andrea C. Weingartner, Ernest Wimmer, Daniela Winkler, Paul M. Ye, Penglin Carslaw, Kenneth S. Curtius, Joachim Dommen, Josef Kirkby, Jasper Kulmala, Markku Riipinen, Ilona Worsnop, Douglas R. Donahue, Neil M. Baltensperger, Urs TI The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYZER; OXIDIZED RO2 RADICALS; SULFURIC-ACID; ALPHA-PINENE; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; AEROSOL FORMATION; CLOUD CHAMBER; NANOPARTICLE GROWTH; OZONOLYSIS PRODUCTS; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS AB About half of present-day cloud condensation nuclei originate from atmospheric nucleation, frequently appearing as a burst of new particles near midday(1). Atmospheric observations show that the growth rate of new particles often accelerates when the diameter of the particles is between one and ten nanometres(2,3). In this critical size range, new particles are most likely to be lost by coagulation with pre-existing particles(4), thereby failing to form new cloud condensation nuclei that are typically 50 to 100 nanometres across. Sulfuric acid vapour is often involved in nucleation but is too scarce to explain most subsequent growth(5,6), leaving organic vapours as the most plausible alternative, at least in the planetary boundary layer(7-10). Although recent studies(11-13) predict that low-volatility organic vapours contribute during initial growth, direct evidence has been lacking. The accelerating growth may result from increased photolytic production of condensable organic species in the afternoon(2), and the presence of a possible Kelvin (curvature) effect, which inhibits organic vapour condensation on the smallest particles (the nano-Kohler theory)(2,14), has so far remained ambiguous. Here we present experiments performed in a large chamber under atmospheric conditions that investigate the role of organic vapours in the initial growth of nucleated organic particles in the absence of inorganic acids and bases such as sulfuric acid or ammonia and amines, respectively. Using data from the same set of experiments, it has been shown(15) that organic vapours alone can drive nucleation. We focus on the growth of nucleated particles and find that the organic vapours that drive initial growth have extremely low volatilities (saturation concentration less than 10(-4.5) micrograms per cubic metre). As the particles increase in size and the Kelvin barrier falls, subsequent growth is primarily due to more abundant organic vapours of slightly higher volatility (saturation concentrations of 10(-4.5) to 10(-0.5) micrograms per cubic metre). We present a particle growth model that quantitatively reproduces our measurements. Furthermore, we implement a parameterization of the first steps of growth in a global aerosol model and find that concentrations of atmospheric cloud concentration nuclei can change substantially in response, that is, by up to 50 per cent in comparison with previously assumed growth rate parameterizations. C1 [Troestl, Jasmin; Molteni, Ugo; Frege, Carla; Bianchi, Federico; Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Franchin, Alessandro; Fuchs, Claudia; Gysel, Martin; Hoyle, Christopher R.; Krapf, Manuel; Weingartner, Ernest; Dommen, Josef; Baltensperger, Urs] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Chuang, Wayne K.; Ye, Penglin; Donahue, Neil M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Gordon, Hamish; Almeida, Joao; Dias, Antonio; Ehrhart, Sebastian; Franchin, Alessandro; Guida, Roberto; Mathot, Serge; Onnela, Antti; Kirkby, Jasper] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Heinritzi, Martin; Simon, Mario; Williamson, Christina; Brilke, Sophia; Kuerten, Andreas; Leiminger, Markus; Piel, Felix M.; Rondo, Linda; Wagner, Andrea C.; Wimmer, Daniela; Curtius, Joachim; Kirkby, Jasper] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Yan, Chao; Bianchi, Federico; Wagner, Robert; Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Duplissy, Jonathan; Adamov, Alexey; Franchin, Alessandro; Jokinen, Tuija; Junninen, Heikki; Kangasluoma, Juha; Keskinen, Helmi; Nieminen, Tuomo; Petaejae, Tuukka; Rissanen, Matti P.; Sarnela, Nina; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Sipila, Mikko; Steiner, Gerhard; Wimmer, Daniela; Kulmala, Markku; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Donahue, Neil M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Ahlm, Lars; Riipinen, Ilona] Univ Stockholm, Dept Appl Environm Sci, SE-10961 Stockholm, Sweden. [Bianchi, Federico] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Williamson, Christina] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Craven, Jill S.; Flagan, Richard C.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Duplissy, Jonathan; Nieminen, Tuomo; Worsnop, Douglas R.] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, POB 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin; Breitenlechner, Martin; Hansel, Armin; Steiner, Gerhard] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin; Breitenlechner, Martin; Hansel, Armin] Ionicon Analyt GmbH, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hoyle, Christopher R.] SLF, WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Keskinen, Helmi; Kim, Jaeseok; Laaksonen, Ari; Lawler, Michael; Miettinen, Pasi; Smith, James N.; Virtanen, Annele] Univ Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Laaksonen, Ari] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki 00101, Finland. [Lawler, Michael] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Moehler, Ottmar] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Sengupta, Kamalika; Carslaw, Kenneth S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Smith, James N.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Steiner, Gerhard; Winkler, Paul M.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Tome, Antonio] Univ Lisbon, SIM, P-1849016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Tome, Antonio] Univ Beira Interior, P-1849016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Worsnop, Douglas R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Williamson, Christina; Keskinen, Helmi; Kim, Jaeseok; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Weingartner, Ernest] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williamson, Christina] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Keskinen, Helmi] Univ Helsinki, SMEAR II, Hyytiala Forestry Field Stn, Hyytialantie 124, FI-35500 Korkeakoski, Finland. [Kim, Jaeseok] Korea Polar Res Inst, Arct Res Ctr, Inchon 21990, South Korea. [Schobesberger, Siegfried] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Weingartner, Ernest] Univ Appl Sci Northwestern Switzerland, Inst Aerosol & Sensor Technol, CH-5210 Windisch, Switzerland. RP Baltensperger, U (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM urs.baltensperger@psi.ch RI Weingartner, Ernest/B-6793-2009; Hoyle, Christopher/B-7786-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Gysel, Martin/C-3843-2008; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Mohler, Ottmar/J-9426-2012; Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Virtanen, Annele/E-7699-2010; Schobesberger, Siegfried/L-4454-2014; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; Petaja, Tuukka/A-8009-2008; Donahue, Neil/A-2329-2008; Duplissy, Jonathan/A-1723-2010; Sipila, Mikko/G-3024-2010; Curtius, Joachim/A-2681-2011; Bianchi, Federico/G-8428-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Jokinen, Tuija/B-3365-2014; OI Weingartner, Ernest/0000-0002-2427-4634; Hoyle, Christopher/0000-0002-1369-9143; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Gysel, Martin/0000-0002-7453-1264; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Virtanen, Annele/0000-0002-2917-5344; Schobesberger, Siegfried/0000-0002-5777-4897; Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; Petaja, Tuukka/0000-0002-1881-9044; Jokinen, Tuija/0000-0002-1280-1396; Kurten, Andreas/0000-0002-8955-4450; Rissanen, Matti/0000-0003-0463-8098; Trostl, Jasmin/0000-0002-2807-0348; Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin/0000-0002-0614-3649; Junninen, Heikki/0000-0001-7178-9430; Donahue, Neil/0000-0003-3054-2364; Duplissy, Jonathan/0000-0001-8819-0264; Curtius, Joachim/0000-0003-3153-4630; Bianchi, Federico/0000-0003-2996-3604; Wagner, Robert/0000-0001-7365-8020; Tome, Antonio/0000-0001-9144-7120; Kangasluoma, Juha/0000-0002-1639-1187; Lehtipalo, Katrianne/0000-0002-1660-2706 FU CERN; EC (Marie Curie Initial Training Network 'CLOUD-ITN') [215072]; EC (MC-ITN 'CLOUD-TRAIN') [316662]; EC (ERC-StG-ATMOGAIN) [278277]; EC (ERC-Advanced 'ATMNUCLE') [227463]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01LK0902A, 01LK1222A]; Swiss National Science Foundation [200020_135307, 200020_152907, 20FI20_149002, 200021_140663]; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence [1118615]; Academy of Finland (CoE) [1118615]; Academy of Finland (LASTU) [135054]; Nessling Foundation; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [J3198-N21]; EU [656994]; Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsradet [2011-5120]; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [CERN/FP/116387/2010]; Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-02-91006-CERN, 12-02-91522-CERN]; Dreyfus Award [EP-11-117]; Davidow Foundation; US National Science Foundation [AGS1136479, AGS1447056, AGS1439551, CHE1012293]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC00014469]; FP7 project BACCHUS [603445] FX We thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network 'CLOUD-ITN' no. 215072, MC-ITN 'CLOUD-TRAIN', no. 316662, and ERC-StG-ATMOGAIN (278277) and ERC-Advanced 'ATMNUCLE' grant no. 227463), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project nos 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos 200020_135307, 200020_152907, 20FI20_149002 and 200021_140663), the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence programme (project no. 1118615), the Academy of Finland (CoE project no. 1118615, LASTU project no. 135054), the Nessling Foundation, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project no. J3198-N21), the EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie (no. 656994), the Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsradet (grant no. 2011-5120), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN), Dreyfus Award EP-11-117, the Davidow Foundation, the US National Science Foundation (grants AGS1136479, AGS1447056, AGS1439551 and CHE1012293), US Department of Energy (grant DE-SC00014469) and the FP7 project BACCHUS (grant agreement 603445). NR 74 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 67 U2 146 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 26 PY 2016 VL 533 IS 7604 BP 527 EP + DI 10.1038/nature18271 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM6EJ UT WOS:000376443100039 PM 27225126 ER PT J AU Takatsu, H Onoda, S Kittaka, S Kasahara, A Kono, Y Sakakibara, T Kato, Y Fak, B Ollivier, J Lynn, JW Taniguchi, T Wakita, M Kadowaki, H AF Takatsu, H. Onoda, S. Kittaka, S. Kasahara, A. Kono, Y. Sakakibara, T. Kato, Y. Fak, B. Ollivier, J. Lynn, J. W. Taniguchi, T. Wakita, M. Kadowaki, H. TI Quadrupole Order in the Frustrated Pyrochlore Tb2+xTi2-xO7+y SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-LIQUID-STATE; ANTIFERROMAGNET TB2TI2O7; GAUGE-INVARIANCE; ICE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; EXCITATIONS; MAGNETS AB A hidden order that emerges in the frustrated pyrochlore Tb2+xTi2-xO7+y with T-c = 0.53 K is studied using specific heat, magnetization, and neutron scattering experiments on a high-quality single crystal. Semiquantitative analyses based on a pseudospin-1/2 Hamiltonian for ionic non-Kramers magnetic doublets demonstrate that it is an ordered state of electric quadrupole moments. The elusive spin liquid state of the nominal Tb2Ti2O7 is most likely a U(1) quantum spin-liquid state. C1 [Takatsu, H.; Taniguchi, T.; Wakita, M.; Kadowaki, H.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Takatsu, H.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Energy & Hydrocarbon Chem, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Onoda, S.; Kato, Y.] RIKEN, CEMS, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Onoda, S.] RIKEN, Condensed Matter Theory Lab, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Kittaka, S.; Kasahara, A.; Kono, Y.; Sakakibara, T.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Kato, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Fak, B.; Ollivier, J.] Inst Laue Langevin, BP 156, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Lynn, J. W.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Takatsu, H (reprint author), Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. FU JSPS KAKENHI [24740253, 25400345, 26400336, 26800199, 15H01025, 16K05426] FX We acknowledge K. Matsuhira, M. J. P. Gingras, B. D. Gaulin, K. Matsubayashi, and R. Higashinaka for fruitful discussion. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grants No. 24740253, No. 25400345, No. 26400336, No. 26800199, No. 15H01025, and No. 16K05426. The specific heat and magnetization measurements were performed using the facilities of ISSP, University of Tokyo. The neutron scattering performed using ILL-IN5 (France) was transferred from JRR3-HER (proposal 11567) with the approval of ISSP, University of Tokyo, and JAEA, Tokai, Japan. Numerical calculations were conducted on RICC and HOKUSAI-GW. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 26 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 21 AR 217201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.217201 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DM8PZ UT WOS:000376627700008 PM 27284670 ER PT J AU Engmann, S Bokel, FA Ro, HW DeLongchamp, DM Richter, LJ AF Engmann, Sebastian Bokel, Felicia A. Ro, Hyun Wook DeLongchamp, Dean M. Richter, Lee J. TI Real-Time Photoluminescence Studies of Structure Evolution in Organic Solar Cells SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER/FULLERENE BLEND FILMS; EXCITON DIFFUSION LENGTH; PROCESSING ADDITIVES; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PHASE-SEPARATION; THIN-FILMS; EFFICIENCY; ABSORPTION; ORDER; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE) AB A method to study the structural evolution of organic bulk heterojunctions via real-time, in-situ, steady-state photoluminescence (PL) is presented. In-situ PL, in combination with real-time transmission and reflection measurements, allows us to quantitatively describe the progression of intimate mixing during blade coating of two OPV systems: the common model system poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)/phenyl-C61-butyric-acid-methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM), and the higher power conversion efficiency system 7,7'-(4,4bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(6-fluoro-5-(5'-hexyl[2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazaole), p-DTS(FBTTh2)(2)/[70]PCBM. Evaluating the time dependence of the PL intensity during drying using a 3D-random-walk diffusion model allows for the quantitative determination of the ratio of characteristic domain size to exciton diffusion length during solidification in the presence of the processing additives 1-chloronaphtalene (CN), 1,8-octanedithiol (ODT), and 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO). In both cases, the obtained results are in good agreement with the typically observed fibril widths and grain sizes, for P3HT and p-DTS(FBTTh2)(2), respectively. C1 [Engmann, Sebastian; Bokel, Felicia A.; Ro, Hyun Wook; DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Mat Sci Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Richter, LJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.richter@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 FU ARRA funds; NIST/NRC postdoctoral fellowship FX This paper is the official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); not subject to copyright in the United States. Materials preparation were performed in the NIST Organic Photovoltaic Integrated Measurement Facility funded with ARRA funds. F.A.B. acknowledges support of an NIST/NRC postdoctoral fellowship. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1614-6832 EI 1614-6840 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD MAY 25 PY 2016 VL 6 IS 10 AR 1502011 DI 10.1002/aenm.201502011 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA DQ6JH UT WOS:000379310200001 ER PT J AU Camp, EF Smith, DJ Evenhuis, C Enochs, I Manzello, D Woodcock, S Suggett, DJ AF Camp, Emma F. Smith, David J. Evenhuis, Chris Enochs, Ian Manzello, Derek Woodcock, Stephen Suggett, David J. TI Acclimatization to high-variance habitats does not enhance physiological tolerance of two key Caribbean corals to future temperature and pH SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE climate change; coral reefs; ocean acidification; seagrass beds; environmental variance; thermal stress ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMAL TOLERANCE; ACROPORA-PALMATA; SYMBIODINIUM; REEFS; GROWTH; PCO(2); LIGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Corals are acclimatized to populate dynamic habitats that neighbour coral reefs. Habitats such as seagrass beds exhibit broad diel changes in temperature and pH that routinely expose corals to conditions predicted for reefs over the next 50-100 years. However, whether such acclimatization effectively enhances physiological tolerance to, and hence provides refuge against, future climate scenarios remains unknown. Also, whether corals living in low-variance habitats can tolerate present-day high-variance conditions remains untested. We experimentally examined how pH and temperature predicted for the year 2100 affects the growth and physiology of two dominant Caribbean corals (Acropora palmata and Porites astreoides) native to habitats with intrinsically low (outer-reef terrace, LV) and/or high (neighbouring seagrass, HV) environmental variance. Under present-day temperature and pH, growth and metabolic rates (calcification, respiration and photosynthesis) were unchanged for HV versus LV populations. Superimposing future climate scenarios onto the HV and LV conditions did not result in any enhanced tolerance to colonies native to HV. Calcification rates were always lower for elevated temperature and/or reduced pH. Together, these results suggest that seagrass habitats may not serve as refugia against climate change if the magnitude of future temperature and pH changes is equivalent to neighbouring reef habitats. C1 [Camp, Emma F.; Smith, David J.] Univ Essex, Sch Biol Sci, Coral Reef Res Unit, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. [Camp, Emma F.; Evenhuis, Chris; Suggett, David J.] Univ Technol Sydney, C3, POB 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. [Camp, Emma F.; Evenhuis, Chris; Suggett, David J.] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Math & Phys Sci, POB 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. [Enochs, Ian] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enochs, Ian; Manzello, Derek] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Camp, EF (reprint author), Univ Essex, Sch Biol Sci, Coral Reef Res Unit, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England.; Camp, EF (reprint author), Univ Technol Sydney, C3, POB 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.; Camp, EF (reprint author), Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Math & Phys Sci, POB 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. EM emma.camp@uts.edu.au RI Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014; OI Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361; Camp, Emma/0000-0003-1962-1336; Smith, David/0000-0003-1886-8193 FU Australian Research Council [FT130100202] FX D.J.S. was supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT130100202). NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 20 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 25 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1831 AR 20160442 DI 10.1098/rspb.2016.0442 PG 10 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DP2KW UT WOS:000378318300013 ER PT J AU Lamontagne, LK Laurita, G Gaultois, MW Knight, M Ghadbeigi, L Sparks, TD Gruner, ME Pentcheva, R Brown, CM Seshadri, R AF Lamontagne, Leo K. Laurita, Geneva Gaultois, Michael W. Knight, Michael Ghadbeigi, Leila Sparks, Taylor D. Gruner, Markus E. Pentcheva, Rossitza Brown, Craig M. Seshadri, Ram TI High Thermopower with Metallic Conductivity in p-Type Li-Substituted PbPdO2 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LARGE THERMOELECTRIC-POWER; LAYERED PALLADIUM OXIDE; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; INSULATOR-TRANSITION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; NACO2O4 AB PbPdO2 is a band semiconductor with a band gap arising from the filled d(8) nature of square-planar Pd2+. We establish that hole doping through Li substitution for Pd in PbPdO2 results in a p-type metallic oxide with a positive temperature coefficient of resistance for substitution amounts as small as 2 mol % Li for Pd. Furthermore, PbPd1-xLixO2 demonstrates a high Seebeck coefficient and is therefore an oxide thermoelectric material with high thermopower despite the metallic conductivity. Up to 4 mol % Li is found to substitute for Pd as verified by Rietveld refinement of neutron diffraction data. At this maximal Li substitution, the resistivity is driven below the Mott metallic maximum to 3.5 x 10(-3) Omega cm with a Seebeck coefficient of 115 mu V/K at room temperature, which increases to 175 mu V/K at 600 K. These electrical properties are almost identical to those of the well-known p-type oxide thermoelectric NaxCoO2. Nonmagnetic Li-substituted PbPdO2 does not possess a correlated, magnetic state with high-spin degeneracy as found in some complex cobalt oxides. This suggests that there are other avenues to achieving high Seebeck coefficients with metallic conductivities in oxide thermoelectrics. The electrical properties coupled with the moderately low lattice thermal conductivities allow for a zT of 0.12 at 600 K, the maximal temperature measured here. The trend suggests yet higher values at elevated temperatures. First-principles calculations of the electronic structure and electrical transport provide insight into the observed properties. C1 [Lamontagne, Leo K.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lamontagne, Leo K.; Laurita, Geneva; Gaultois, Michael W.; Knight, Michael; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gaultois, Michael W.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ghadbeigi, Leila; Sparks, Taylor D.] Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Gruner, Markus E.; Pentcheva, Rossitza] Univ Duisburg Essen, Dept Phys, Lotharstr 1, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. [Gruner, Markus E.; Pentcheva, Rossitza] Univ Duisburg Essen, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg Essen CENIDE, Lotharstr 1, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. [Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seshadri, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.; Seshadri, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.; Seshadri, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM seshadri@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013; Gruner, Markus/D-9726-2011; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Pentcheva, Rossitza/F-8293-2014 OI Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027; Gruner, Markus/0000-0002-2306-1258; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-1403862]; German Science Foundation [SFB/TR80]; NSF MRSEC Program [DMR-1121053]; Center for Scientific Computing at the University of California, Santa Barbara; NSF MRSEC [DMR-1121053]; NSF [CNS-0960316]; Hewlett-Packard; Materials Research Laboratory of the NSF FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Grant DMR-1403862. R.P. and M.E.G. acknowledge support by the German Science Foundation within SFB/TR80, Project G8. We thank Dr. Amanda Strom for help with various experimental aspects of this work and acknowledge the preliminary work on this system by Philip Barton and Rachel Beal. This work made use of the shared experimental facilities of the Materials Research Laboratory, supported by the NSF MRSEC Program (DMR-1121053), and the Center for Scientific Computing at the University of California, Santa Barbara, supported by NSF MRSEC (DMR-1121053), NSF Grant CNS-0960316, and Hewlett-Packard. The Materials Research Laboratory is a member of the NSF supported Materials Research Facilities Network. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 16 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 24 PY 2016 VL 28 IS 10 BP 3367 EP 3373 DI 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00447 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DN1KW UT WOS:000376825700018 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Lee, B Bockstaller, MR Kumar, SK Stafford, CM Douglas, JF Raghavan, D Karim, A AF Zhang, Ren Lee, Bongjoon Bockstaller, Michael R. Kumar, Sanat K. Stafford, Christopher M. Douglas, Jack F. Raghavan, Dharmaraj Karim, Alamgir TI Pattern-Directed Phase Separation of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles in a Homopolymer Matrix SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE DEFORMATION MODES; BLEND FILMS; SOFT-SHEAR; THIN-FILMS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MORPHOLOGY; POLYSTYRENE; GRADIENT AB The controlled organization of nanoparticle (NP) constituents into superstructures of well-defined shape, composition, and connectivity represents a continuing challenge in the development of novel hybrid materials for many technological applications. We show that the phase separation of polymer tethered nanoparticles immersed in a matrix of a chemically different polymer provides an effective and scalable method for fabricating well-defined submicron-sized amorphous NP domains in melt polymer thin films. We investigate this phenomenon with a view toward a better understanding and control of the phase separation process in these novel "blends". In particular, we consider isothermally annealed thin films of polystyrene-grafted gold nanoparticles (AuPS) dispersed in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. A morphology transition from discrete AuPS domains to bicontinuous to inverse domain structure is observed with increasing nanoparticle loading, consistent with composition dependence of classic binary polymer blends phase separation. However, the phase separation kinetics of the NP polymer blends exhibit unique features compared to the parent PS/PMMA homopolyiner blends. We further illustrate how to manipulate the AuPS nanoparticle domain shape, size, and location through the imposition of an external symmetry-breaking perturbation. Specifically, topographically patterned elastomer confinement is introduced to direct the nanoparticles into long-range ordered submicron-sized domains having a dense and well-dispersed distribution of noncrystallizing nanoparticles. The simplicity, versatility, and roll-to-roll adaptability of this novel method for controlled nanoparticle assembly should make it useful in creating desirable patterned nanoparticle domains for a variety of functional materials and applications. C1 [Zhang, Ren; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Lee, Bongjoon; Bockstaller, Michael R.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Kumar, Sanat K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Stafford, Christopher M.; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Raghavan, Dharmaraj] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Karim, A (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA.; Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jack.douglas@nist.gov; alamgir@uakron.edu RI Bockstaller, Michael/A-9124-2011 OI Bockstaller, Michael/0000-0001-9046-9539 FU National Science Foundation [NSF DMR-1411046, DMR-1410845]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR- FA9550-12-1-0306] FX Patterned directed assembly aspects of this research work was supported by the National Science Foundation via Grant NSF DMR-1411046. We acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research via Grant AFOSR- FA9550-12-1-0306 for support of the phase separation studies. Nanoparticle incorporation for its potential impact on patterned film glassy behavior was supported by the W.M. Keck Foundation. M.R.B. furthermore acknowledges funding by the National Science Foundation via DMR-1410845. We are grateful to Dr. C. C. Han and Dr. J. Hwang for valuable discussions. We also acknowledge Dr. A. Hayirlioglu, Dr. E. Chan, and C. Ye for their contributions to this article. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 24 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 10 BP 3965 EP 3974 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00228 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DN1KT UT WOS:000376825400033 PM 27524836 ER PT J AU Seinfeld, JH Bretherton, C Carslaw, KS Coe, H DeMott, PJ Dunlea, EJ Feingold, G Ghan, S Guenther, AB Kahn, R Kraucunas, I Kreidenweis, SM Molina, MJ Nenes, A Penner, JE Prather, KA Ramanathan, V Ramaswamy, V Rasch, PJ Ravishankara, AR Rosenfeld, D Stephens, G Wood, R AF Seinfeld, John H. Bretherton, Christopher Carslaw, Kenneth S. Coe, Hugh DeMott, Paul J. Dunlea, Edward J. Feingold, Graham Ghan, Steven Guenther, Alex B. Kahn, Ralph Kraucunas, Ian Kreidenweis, Sonia M. Molina, Mario J. Nenes, Athanasios Penner, Joyce E. Prather, Kimberly A. Ramanathan, V. Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam Rasch, Philip J. Ravishankara, A. R. Rosenfeld, Daniel Stephens, Graeme Wood, Robert TI Improving our fundamental understanding of the role of aerosol-cloud interactions in the climate system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate; aerosol-cloud effects; general circulation models; radiative forcing; satellite observations ID HETEROGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MIXING STATE; CCN ACTIVITY; VOCALS-REX; SATELLITE AB The effect of an increase in atmospheric aerosol concentrations on the distribution and radiative properties of Earth's clouds is the most uncertain component of the overall global radiative forcing from preindustrial time. General circulation models (GCMs) are the tool for predicting future climate, but the treatment of aerosols, clouds, and aerosol-cloud radiative effects carries large uncertainties that directly affect GCM predictions, such as climate sensitivity. Predictions are hampered by the large range of scales of interaction between various components that need to be captured. Observation systems (remote sensing, in situ) are increasingly being used to constrain predictions, but significant challenges exist, to some extent because of the large range of scales and the fact that the various measuring systems tend to address different scales. Fine-scale models represent clouds, aerosols, and aerosol-cloud interactions with high fidelity but do not include interactions with the larger scale and are therefore limited from a climatic point of view. We suggest strategies for improving estimates of aerosol-cloud relationships in climate models, for new remote sensing and in situ measurements, and for quantifying and reducing model uncertainty. C1 [Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bretherton, Christopher; Wood, Robert] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Carslaw, Kenneth S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds L32 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Coe, Hugh] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [DeMott, Paul J.; Kreidenweis, Sonia M.; Ravishankara, A. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dunlea, Edward J.] Natl Acad Sci Engn & Med, Board Atmospher Sci & Climate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80523 USA. [Ghan, Steven; Kraucunas, Ian; Rasch, Philip J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Guenther, Alex B.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Kahn, Ralph] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Molina, Mario J.; Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Molina, Mario J.; Prather, Kimberly A.; Ramanathan, V.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, Athanasios] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Chem Engn Sci, GR-26504 Patras, Greece. [Nenes, Athanasios] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, GR-15236 Palea Pendeli, Greece. [Penner, Joyce E.] Univ Michigan, Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam] NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Rosenfeld, Daniel] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Stephens, Graeme] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Climate Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Rosenfeld, Daniel/F-6077-2016; Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Rosenfeld, Daniel/0000-0002-0784-7656; Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X; Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914; Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; US DOE Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction; US DOE Earth System Modeling program FX The authors acknowledge Dr. Kristina Pistone for taking meticulous notes during the Colloquium. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. Work at PNNL was supported by the US DOE Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models program and by the US DOE Earth System Modeling program. NR 84 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 34 U2 81 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 24 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 21 BP 5781 EP 5790 DI 10.1073/pnas.1514043113 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DN0UD UT WOS:000376779900033 PM 27222566 ER PT J AU Feingold, G McComiskey, A Yamaguchi, T Johnson, JS Carslaw, KS Schmidt, KS AF Feingold, Graham McComiskey, Allison Yamaguchi, Takanobu Johnson, Jill S. Carslaw, Kenneth S. Schmidt, K. Sebastian TI New approaches to quantifying aerosol influence on the cloud radiative effect SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE aerosol; cloud; radiation; climate forcing ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; PRECIPITATION SYSTEM; WEATHER PREDICTION; ALBEDO; MODEL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; STRATOCUMULUS; CONSEQUENCES; TRANSITIONS; CUMULUS AB The topic of cloud radiative forcing associated with the atmospheric aerosol has been the focus of intense scrutiny for decades. The enormity of the problem is reflected in the need to understand aspects such as aerosol composition, optical properties, cloud condensation, and ice nucleation potential, along with the global distribution of these properties, controlled by emissions, transport, transformation, and sinks. Equally daunting is that clouds themselves are complex, turbulent, microphysical entities and, by their very nature, ephemeral and hard to predict. Atmospheric general circulation models represent aerosol-cloud interactions at ever-increasing levels of detail, but these models lack the resolution to represent clouds and aerosol-cloud interactions adequately. There is a dearth of observational constraints on aerosol-cloud interactions. We develop a conceptual approach to systematically constrain the aerosol-cloud radiative effect in shallow clouds through a combination of routine process modeling and satellite and surface-based shortwave radiation measurements. We heed the call to merge Darwinian and Newtonian strategies by balancing microphysical detail with scaling and emergent properties of the aerosol-cloud radiation system. C1 [Feingold, Graham; Yamaguchi, Takanobu] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McComiskey, Allison] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yamaguchi, Takanobu] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Johnson, Jill S.; Carslaw, Kenneth S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Schmidt, K. Sebastian] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Feingold, G (reprint author), NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM graham.feingold@noaa.gov RI Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009; Yamaguchi, Takanobu/H-9169-2013; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009 OI Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X; Yamaguchi, Takanobu/0000-0001-8059-0757; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X; FU NOAA's Climate Goal; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research under the Atmospheric System Research Program [DE-SC0006972, DE-SC0008112]; UK Natural Environment Research Council ACID-PRUF (Aerosol-Cloud Interactions - A Directed Programme to Reduce Uncertainty in Forcing) [NE/I020059/1] FX The authors thank the Sackler Colloquium for the opportunity to present these ideas. Funding was provided by NOAA's Climate Goal and the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research under the Atmospheric System Research Program (Grants DE-SC0006972 and DE-SC0008112). We acknowledge funding from the UK Natural Environment Research Council ACID-PRUF (Aerosol-Cloud Interactions - A Directed Programme to Reduce Uncertainty in Forcing) Grant NE/I020059/1. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 24 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 21 BP 5812 EP 5819 DI 10.1073/pnas.1514035112 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DN0UD UT WOS:000376779900037 PM 26831092 ER PT J AU Rosenfeld, D Zheng, YT Hashimshoni, E Pohlker, ML Jefferson, A Pohlker, C Yu, X Zhu, YN Liu, GH Yue, ZG Fischman, B Li, ZQ Giguzin, D Goren, T Artaxo, P Barbosa, HMJ Poschl, U Andreae, MO AF Rosenfeld, Daniel Zheng, Youtong Hashimshoni, Eyal Poehlker, Mira L. Jefferson, Anne Poehlker, Christopher Yu, Xing Zhu, Yannian Liu, Guihua Yue, Zhiguo Fischman, Baruch Li, Zhanqing Giguzin, David Goren, Tom Artaxo, Paulo Barbosa, Henrique M. J. Poeschl, Ulrich Andreae, Meinrat O. TI Satellite retrieval of cloud condensation nuclei concentrations by using clouds as CCN chambers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE CCN concentrations; satellite remote sensing; convective clouds; cloud-aerosol interactions ID DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; SOUTHEAST PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; BASE; RAIN; INVIGORATION; HEIGHT; AMAZON; TOP AB Quantifying the aerosol/cloud-mediated radiative effect at a global scale requires simultaneous satellite retrievals of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations and cloud base updraft velocities (W-b). Hitherto, the inability to do so has been a major cause of high uncertainty regarding anthropogenic aerosol/cloud-mediated radiative forcing. This can be addressed by the emerging capability of estimating CCN and W-b of boundary layer convective clouds from an operational polar orbiting weather satellite. Our methodology uses such clouds as an effective analog for CCN chambers. The cloud base supersaturation (S) is determined by W-b and the satellite-retrieved cloud base drop concentrations (N-db), which is the same as CCN(S). Validation against ground-based CCN instruments at Oklahoma, at Manaus, and onboard a ship in the northeast Pacific showed a retrieval accuracy of +/- 25% to +/- 30% for individual satellite overpasses. The methodology is presently limited to boundary layer not raining convective clouds of at least 1 km depth that are not obscured by upper layer clouds, including semi-transparent cirrus. The limitation for small solar backscattering angles of < 25 degrees restricts the satellite coverage to similar to 25% of the world area in a single day. C1 [Rosenfeld, Daniel; Hashimshoni, Eyal; Fischman, Baruch; Giguzin, David; Goren, Tom] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Zheng, Youtong; Li, Zhanqing] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zheng, Youtong; Li, Zhanqing] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zheng, Youtong; Zhu, Yannian; Li, Zhanqing] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Poehlker, Mira L.; Poehlker, Christopher; Poeschl, Ulrich; Andreae, Meinrat O.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Poehlker, Mira L.; Poeschl, Ulrich] Max Planck Inst Chem, Multiphase Chem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Jefferson, Anne] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yu, Xing; Zhu, Yannian; Liu, Guihua; Yue, Zhiguo] Meteorol Inst Shaanxi Prov, Xian 710015, Peoples R China. [Artaxo, Paulo; Barbosa, Henrique M. J.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Rosenfeld, D (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM daniel.rosenfeld@huji.ac.il RI Rosenfeld, Daniel/F-6077-2016; Poschl, Ulrich/A-6263-2010; Artaxo, Paulo/E-8874-2010; Barbosa, Henrique/F-3499-2012; Pohlker, Christopher/S-5207-2016; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010; OI Rosenfeld, Daniel/0000-0002-0784-7656; Poschl, Ulrich/0000-0003-1412-3557; Artaxo, Paulo/0000-0001-7754-3036; Barbosa, Henrique/0000-0002-4027-1855; Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925; Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X; Zheng, Youtong/0000-0002-5961-7617 FU US Department of Energy Office of Science Atmospheric System Research program [DE-SC0006787]; State Basic Research Development Program of China [2013CB955804]; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Joint Polar Satellite System Proving Ground and Risk Reduction program; project BACCHUS European Commission [FP7-603445]; FAPESP (Sao Paulo Research Foundation) [13/50510-5, 13/05014-0]; Max Planck Society; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research FX This study was made possible by merging the efforts of many researchers around the world, with a respective long list of acknowledgments. The study was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science Atmospheric System Research program (Grant DE-SC0006787), the State Basic Research Development Program of China (2013CB955804), and National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Joint Polar Satellite System Proving Ground and Risk Reduction program. This study is also partially supported by project BACCHUS European Commission FP7-603445. Measurements at Amazon Tall Tower Observatory are partially supported by FAPESP (Sao Paulo Research Foundation) Projects 13/50510-5 and 13/05014-0, by the Max Planck Society, and by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. We acknowledge the support from Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia and the LBA (The Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia) central office for ATTO and GOAmazon (Green Ocean Amazon) logistical support and operation. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 24 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 21 BP 5828 EP 5834 DI 10.1073/pnas.1514044113 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DN0UD UT WOS:000376779900039 PM 26944081 ER PT J AU Lee, H Stephenson, JC Richter, LJ McNeill, CR Gann, E Thomsen, L Park, S Jeong, J Yi, Y DeLongchamp, DM Page, ZA Puodziukynaite, E Emrick, T Briseno, AL AF Lee, Hyunbok Stephenson, John C. Richter, Lee J. McNeill, Christopher R. Gann, Eliot Thomsen, Lars Park, Soohyung Jeong, Junkyeong Yi, Yeonjin DeLongchamp, Dean M. Page, Zachariah A. Puodziukynaite, Egle Emrick, Todd Briseno, Alejandro L. TI The Structural Origin of Electron Injection Enhancements with Fulleropyrrolidine Interlayers SO ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; INTERFACES; EFFICIENCY; DEVICES; METAL C1 [Lee, Hyunbok] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, 1 Gangwondaehak Gil, Chuncheon Si 24341, Gangwon Do, South Korea. [Stephenson, John C.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee J.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McNeill, Christopher R.; Gann, Eliot] Monash Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Thomsen, Lars] Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Park, Soohyung; Jeong, Junkyeong; Yi, Yeonjin] Yonsei Univ, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea. [Page, Zachariah A.; Puodziukynaite, Egle; Emrick, Todd; Briseno, Alejandro L.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, 120 Governors Dr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, 1 Gangwondaehak Gil, Chuncheon Si 24341, Gangwon Do, South Korea.; Richter, LJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Briseno, AL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, 120 Governors Dr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM hyunbok@kangwon.ac.kr; lee.richter@nist.gov; abriseno@mail.pse.umass.edu RI Thomsen, Lars/B-3016-2012; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016; McNeill, Christopher/B-4530-2008; Gann, Eliot/A-5246-2014 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724; McNeill, Christopher/0000-0001-5221-878X; FU Office of Naval Research [N000141110636] FX The authors thank Seth Marder for supplying the nitro-benzene phosphonic acid. H.L. and A.L.B acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research (N000141110636). Part of this research was undertaken at the Soft X-ray beamline of the Australian Synchrotron, Victoria, Australia. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2196-7350 J9 ADV MATER INTERFACES JI Adv. Mater. Interfaces PD MAY 23 PY 2016 VL 3 IS 10 AR 1500852 DI 10.1002/admi.201500852 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DR6ZZ UT WOS:000380051100009 ER PT J AU Buyskikh, AS Fagotti, M Schachenmayer, J Essler, F Daley, AJ AF Buyskikh, Anton S. Fagotti, Maurizio Schachenmayer, Johannes Essler, Fabian Daley, Andrew J. TI Entanglement growth and correlation spreading with variable-range interactions in spin and fermionic tunneling models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MATRIX PRODUCT STATES; ION QUANTUM SIMULATOR; MANY-BODY SYSTEM; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; POLAR-MOLECULES; TRAPPED IONS; PROPAGATION AB We investigate the dynamics following a global parameter quench for two one-dimensional models with variable-range power-law interactions: a long-range transverse Ising model, which has recently been realized in chains of trapped ions, and a long-range lattice model for spinless fermions with long-range tunneling. For the transverse Ising model, the spreading of correlations and growth of entanglement are computed using numerical matrix product state techniques, and are compared with exact solutions for the fermionic tunneling model. We identify transitions between regimes with and without an apparent linear light cone for correlations, which correspond closely between the two models. For long-range interactions (in terms of separation distance r, decaying slower than 1/r), we find that despite the lack of a light cone, correlations grow slowly as a power law at short times, and that-depending on the structure of the initial state-the growth of entanglement can also be sublinear. These results are understood through analytical calculations, and should be measurable in experiments with trapped ions. C1 [Buyskikh, Anton S.; Daley, Andrew J.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Buyskikh, Anton S.; Daley, Andrew J.] Univ Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Fagotti, Maurizio] PSL Res Univ, Ecole Normale Super, Dept Phys, CNRS, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France. [Schachenmayer, Johannes] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, JILA, NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Essler, Fabian] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. RP Buyskikh, AS (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland.; Buyskikh, AS (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. RI Daley, Andrew/F-5366-2014 OI Daley, Andrew/0000-0001-9005-7761 FU AFOSR MURI [FA9550-14-1-0035]; AFOSR Grant [FA9550-12-1-0057]; NSF [1066293]; LabEXENS-ICFP [ANR-10-LABX-0010/ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL*] FX We thank A. Gorshkov, M. Kastner, and M. Van den Worm for stimulating discussions. This work was supported in part by AFOSR MURI FA9550-14-1-0035 and Grant LabEXENS-ICFP: ANR-10-LABX-0010/ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL*, and code development was supported by AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-12-1-0057. The development of these ideas began at the Aspen Center for Physics, supported under NSF Grant No. 1066293. Numerical calculations here utilised the ARCHIE-WeSt High Performance Computer. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY 23 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 5 AR 053620 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.053620 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DM8RL UT WOS:000376631500013 ER PT J AU Ghimire, NJ Cary, SK Eley, S Wakeham, NA Rosa, PFS Albrecht-Schmitt, T Lee, Y Janoschek, M Brown, CM Civale, L Thompson, JD Ronning, F Bauer, ED AF Ghimire, N. J. Cary, S. K. Eley, S. Wakeham, N. A. Rosa, P. F. S. Albrecht-Schmitt, T. Lee, Y. Janoschek, M. Brown, C. M. Civale, L. Thompson, J. D. Ronning, F. Bauer, E. D. TI Physical properties of the Ce2MAl7Ge4 heavy-fermion compounds (M = Co, Ir, Ni, Pd) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM PHASE-TRANSITIONS; METALS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MAGNETISM AB We report the synthesis, crystal structure, and characterization by means of single-crystal x-ray diffraction, neutron powder diffraction, and magnetic, thermal, and transport measurements of the new heavy-fermion compounds Ce2MAl7Ge4 (M = Co, Ir, Ni, Pd). These compounds crystallize in a noncentrosymmetric tetragonal space group P (4) over bar2(1)m, consisting of layers of square nets of Ce atoms separated by Ge-Al and M-Al-Ge blocks. Ce2CoAl7Ge4, Ce2IrAl7Ge4, and Ce2NiAl7Ge4 order magnetically below T-M = 1.8, 1.6, and 0.8 K, respectively. There is no evidence of magnetic ordering in Ce2PdAl7Ge4 down to 0.4 K. The small amount of entropy released in the magnetic state of Ce2MAl7Ge4 (M = Co, Ir, Ni) and the reduced specific heat jump at TM suggest a strong Kondo interaction in these materials. Ce2PdAl7Ge4 shows non-Fermi liquid behavior, possibly due to the presence of a nearby quantum critical point. C1 [Ghimire, N. J.; Eley, S.; Wakeham, N. A.; Rosa, P. F. S.; Janoschek, M.; Civale, L.; Thompson, J. D.; Ronning, F.; Bauer, E. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cary, S. K.; Albrecht-Schmitt, T.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Lee, Y.] POSTECH Pohang, Dept Phys, Inst Basic Sci, Ctr Artificial Low Dimens Elect Syst, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Brown, C. M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Ghimire, NJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nghimire@lanl.gov RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Janoschek, Marc/0000-0002-2943-0173; Civale, Leonardo/0000-0003-0806-3113; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937; Ferrari Silveira Rosa, Priscila/0000-0002-3437-548X; Eley, Serena/0000-0002-2928-5316 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Los Alamos LDRD program; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, Heavy Elements Chemistry Program, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-13ER16414]; Institute of Basic Sciences (IBS) [IBS-R014-D1]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce FX We thank Z. Fisk, J. Lawrence, and A. Mar for stimulating discussion. Work at Los Alamos National Laboratory was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. The EDS measurements were performed at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action equal opportunity employer, is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. P.F.S.R. acknowledges a Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship supported through the Los Alamos LDRD program. Support for T.E.A.S. and S.K.C. was provided by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, Heavy Elements Chemistry Program, U.S. Department of Energy, under Grant No. DE-FG02-13ER16414. Y.L. was supported by the Institute of Basic Sciences (IBS), Grant No. IBS-R014-D1. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 23 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 20 AR 205141 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.205141 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DM8TU UT WOS:000376638200005 ER PT J AU Grytsyuk, S Belabbes, A Haney, PM Lee, HW Lee, KJ Stiles, MD Schwingenschlogl, U Manchon, A AF Grytsyuk, Sergiy Belabbes, Abderrezak Haney, Paul M. Lee, Hyun-Woo Lee, Kyung-Jin Stiles, M. D. Schwingenschlogl, Udo Manchon, Aurelien TI k-asymmetric spin splitting at the interface between transition metal ferromagnets and heavy metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; DOMAIN-WALLS; TOPOLOGICAL INSULATOR; CO MONOLAYER; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; EFFECTIVE-FIELD; ORBIT TORQUES; DRIVEN; MULTILAYERS; DYNAMICS AB We systematically investigate the spin-orbit coupling-induced band splitting originating from inversion symmetry breaking at the interface between a Co monolayer and 4d (Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, and Ag) or 5d (Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au) transition metals. In spite of the complex band structure of these systems, the odd-in-k spin splitting of the bands displays striking similarities with the much simpler Rashba spin-orbit coupling picture. We establish a clear connection between the overall strength of the odd-in-k spin splitting of the bands and the charge transfer between the d orbitals at the interface. Furthermore, we show that the spin splitting of the Fermi surface scales with the induced orbital moment, weighted by the spin-orbit coupling. C1 [Grytsyuk, Sergiy; Belabbes, Abderrezak; Schwingenschlogl, Udo; Manchon, Aurelien] KAUST, Phys Sci & Engn Div PSE, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Haney, Paul M.; Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, PCTP, Kyungbuk 37673, South Korea. [Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kyungbuk 37673, South Korea. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 02841, South Korea. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, KU KIST Grad Sch Converging Sci & Technol, Seoul 02841, South Korea. RP Schwingenschlogl, U; Manchon, A (reprint author), KAUST, Phys Sci & Engn Div PSE, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. EM udo.schwingenschlogl@kaust.edu.sa; aurelien.manchon@kaust.edu.sa RI Lee, Kyung-Jin/B-4431-2010; Manchon, Aurelien/A-9355-2010; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Belabbes, Abderrezak/Q-9404-2016; Lee, Hyun-Woo/B-8995-2008; OI Lee, Kyung-Jin/0000-0001-6269-2266; Manchon, Aurelien/0000-0002-4768-293X; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; Lee, Hyun-Woo/0000-0002-1648-8093; Grytsyuk, Sergiy/0000-0003-0026-5263 FU King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) from Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) [OSR-CRG URF/1/2285-01]; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [2011-0030046, 2013R1A2A2A05006237, 2015M3D1A1070465] FX S.G. and U.S. acknowledge support from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). A.B. and A.M. were supported by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) through Award No. OSR-CRG URF/1/2285-01 from the Office of Sponsored Research (OSR). H.-W.L. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (Grants No. 2011-0030046 and No. 2013R1A2A2A05006237). K.-J.L. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (Grant No. 2015M3D1A1070465). NR 94 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 23 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 17 AR 174421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.174421 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DM8SM UT WOS:000376634800004 ER PT J AU Lowry, D Lanoiselle, ME Fisher, RE Martin, M Fowler, CMR France, JL Hernandez-Paniagua, IY Novelli, PC Sriskantharajah, S O'Brien, P Rata, ND Holmes, CW Fleming, ZL Clemitshaw, KC Zazzeri, G Pommier, M McLinden, CA Nisbet, EG AF Lowry, D. Lanoiselle, M. E. Fisher, R. E. Martin, M. Fowler, C. M. R. France, J. L. Hernandez-Paniagua, I. Y. Novelli, P. C. Sriskantharajah, S. O'Brien, P. Rata, N. D. Holmes, C. W. Fleming, Z. L. Clemitshaw, K. C. Zazzeri, G. Pommier, M. McLinden, C. A. Nisbet, E. G. TI Marked long-term decline in ambient CO mixing ratio in SE England, 1997-2014: evidence of policy success in improving air quality SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-MONOXIDE; MACE HEAD; POLLUTION; RECORD; IRELAND; CLIMATE; LONDON; TRENDS AB Atmospheric CO at Egham in SE England has shown a marked and progressive decline since 1997, following adoption of strict controls on emissions. The Egham site is uniquely positioned to allow both assessment and comparison of 'clean Atlantic background' air and CO-enriched air downwind from the London conurbation. The decline is strongest (approximately 50 ppb per year) in the 1997-2003 period but continues post 2003. A 'local CO increment' can be identified as the residual after subtraction of contemporary background Atlantic CO mixing ratios from measured values at Egham. This increment, which is primarily from regional sources (during anticyclonic or northerly winds) or from the European continent (with easterly air mass origins), has significant seasonality, but overall has declined steadily since 1997. On many days of the year CO measured at Egham is now not far above Atlantic background levels measured at Mace Head (Ireland). The results are consistent with MOPITT satellite observations and 'bottom-up' inventory results. Comparison with urban and regional background CO mixing ratios in Hong Kong demonstrates the importance of regional, as opposed to local reduction of CO emission. The Egham record implies that controls on emissions subsequent to legislation have been extremely successful in the UK. C1 [Lowry, D.; Lanoiselle, M. E.; Fisher, R. E.; Fowler, C. M. R.; Hernandez-Paniagua, I. Y.; Sriskantharajah, S.; Rata, N. D.; Clemitshaw, K. C.; Zazzeri, G.; Nisbet, E. G.] Univ London, Royal Holloway, Dept Earth Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Martin, M.] ETH, Inst Technol Architecture, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Fowler, C. M. R.] Univ Cambridge Darwin Coll, Cambridge CB3 9EU, England. [France, J. L.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Hernandez-Paniagua, I. Y.] Escuela Ingn & Ciencias, Tecnol Monterrey, Campus Monterrey,Av Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico. [Novelli, P. C.] NOAA, ESRL Global Monitoring Div, 325 Broadway GMD 1, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [O'Brien, P.] Irish Environm Protect Agcy, Clonskeagh Rd, Dublin 14, Ireland. [Holmes, C. W.] St Richards Church, Forge Lane, Hanworth TW13 6UN, Middx, England. [Fleming, Z. L.] Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, NCAS, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Pommier, M.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, UMR8190,CNRS INSU,LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [McLinden, C. A.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON MTH 5T4, Canada. RP Lowry, D; Nisbet, EG (reprint author), Univ London, Royal Holloway, Dept Earth Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. EM d.lowry@es.rhul.ac.uk; e.nisbet@es.rhul.ac.uk OI Fisher, Rebecca/0000-0002-9262-5467 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAY 23 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 25661 DI 10.1038/srep25661 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM3ER UT WOS:000376230100001 PM 27210416 ER PT J AU Hale, LM Zimmerman, JA Wong, BM AF Hale, Lucas M. Zimmerman, Jonathan A. Wong, Bryan M. TI Large-scale atomistic simulations of helium-3 bubble growth in complex palladium alloys SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRITIUM STORAGE; PD NANOPARTICLES; HELIUM RELEASE; HYDROGEN; THERMODYNAMICS; ABSORPTION; STABILITY; PRESSURE AB Palladium is an attractive material for hydrogen and hydrogen-isotope storage applications due to its properties of large storage density and high diffusion of lattice hydrogen. When considering tritium storage, the material's structural and mechanical integrity is threatened by both the embrittlement effect of hydrogen and the creation and evolution of additional crystal defects (e.g., dislocations, stacking faults) caused by the formation and growth of helium-3 bubbles. Using recently developed inter-atomic potentials for the palladium-silver-hydrogen system, we perform large-scale atomistic simulations to examine the defect-mediated mechanisms that govern helium bubble growth. Our simulations show the evolution of a distribution of material defects, and we compare the material behavior displayed with expectations from experiment and theory. We also present density functional theory calculations to characterize ideal tensile and shear strengths for these materials, which enable the understanding of how and why our developed potentials either meet or confound these expectations. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Hale, Lucas M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zimmerman, Jonathan A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wong, Bryan M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Hale, LM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lucas.hale@nist.gov; jzimmer@sandia.gov; bryan.wong@ucr.edu RI Wong, Bryan/B-1663-2009 OI Wong, Bryan/0000-0002-3477-8043 FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Robert Kolasinski for providing data on the equation of state for He at room temperature. In addition, the authors appreciate the following individuals for their helpful discussions and guidance: Xiaowang Zhou, Michael Foster, Wilhelm Wolfer, Donald Cowgill, and Steven Rice. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2016 VL 144 IS 19 AR 194705 DI 10.1063/1.4948789 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DO3WH UT WOS:000377712600037 PM 27208963 ER PT J AU Hatch, HW Krekelberg, WP Hudson, SD Shen, VK AF Hatch, Harold W. Krekelberg, William P. Hudson, Steven D. Shen, Vincent K. TI Depletion-driven crystallization of cubic colloids sedimented on a surface SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX STRUCTURES; HARD CUBES; SHAPE; PARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; STATES; ORDER; SUPERBALLS; TETRAHEDRA; SUSPENSION AB Cubic colloids, sedimented on a surface and immersed in a solution of depletant molecules, were modeled with a family of shapes which smoothly varies from squares to circles. Using Wang-Landau simulations with expanded ensembles, we observe the formation of rhombic lattices, square lattices, hexagonal lattices, and a fluid phase. This systematic investigation includes locating transitions between all combinations of the three lattice structures upon changing the shape and transitions between the fluid and crystal upon changing the depletant concentration. The rhombic lattice deforms smoothly between square-like and hexagonal-like angles, depending on both the shape and the depletant concentration. Our results on the effect of the depletant concentration, depletant size, and colloid shape to influence the stability of the fluid and the lattice structures may help guide experimental studies with recently synthesized cubic colloids. C1 [Hatch, Harold W.; Krekelberg, William P.; Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Chem Informat Res Grp, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hudson, Steven D.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Polymers & Complex Fluids Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hatch, HW (reprint author), NIST, Chem Informat Res Grp, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM harold.hatch@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX H.W.H. acknowledges support from a National Research Council postdoctoral research associateship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2016 VL 144 IS 19 AR 194902 DI 10.1063/1.4949758 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DO3WH UT WOS:000377712600043 PM 27208969 ER PT J AU Wang, YW Liu, YG Tian, F Yang, J Ding, F Zhou, LJ Hu, YY AF Wang, Yuwei Liu, Yonggang Tian, Feng Yang, Jun Ding, Feng Zhou, Linjiong Hu, Yongyun TI EFFECTS OF OBLIQUITY ON THE HABITABILITY OF EXOPLANETS AROUND M DWARFS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE astrobiology; planets and satellites: atmospheres ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; ECCENTRIC ORBITS; INNER EDGE; ZONE; PLANETS; CLIMATES; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; SYSTEM; EARTHS AB Most previous studies on how obliquity affects planetary habitability focused on planets around Sun-like stars. Their conclusions may not be applicable to habitable planets around M dwarfs due to the tidal-locking feature and associated insolation pattern of these planets. Here we use a comprehensive three-dimensional atmospheric general circulation model to investigate this issue. We find that the climates of planets with higher obliquities are generally warmer, consistent with previous studies. The mechanism of warming is, however, completely different. Significant reduction of low clouds, instead of sea-ice cover, within the substeller region (which moves if the obliquity is non-zero) is the key in warming M-dwarf planets with high obliquities. For a total insolation of 1237 W m(-2), the climate warms by 21 K when the obliquity increases from 0 degrees to 90 degrees. Correspondingly, the runaway greenhouse inner edge of the habitable zone shifts outward from 2500 to 2100 W m(-2). The moist greenhouse inner edge, based on our crude estimation, shifts less, from 2180 to 2075 W m(-2). Near the outer edge, in contrast, the climates of planets with higher obliquities are colder due to their reduced ability to maintain a hotspot at the surface. Therefore, the outer edge moves inward when obliquity is increased, opposite to the finding of previous studies on planets around Sun-like stars. Our results thus indicate that the habitable zone for M dwarfs narrows if the obliquity of their planets increases. C1 [Wang, Yuwei; Liu, Yonggang; Yang, Jun; Hu, Yongyun] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sch Phys, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Tian, Feng] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Minist Educ,Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Tian, Feng] Joint Ctr Global Change Studies JCGCS, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Ding, Feng] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Zhou, Linjiong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zhou, Linjiong] Princeton Univ, Atmospher Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Wang, YW (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sch Phys, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RI Hu, Yongyun /B-6786-2016; Tian, Feng/C-1344-2015 OI Hu, Yongyun /0000-0002-4003-4630; Tian, Feng/0000-0002-9607-560X FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41375072, 41530423, 41175039]; Startup Fund of the Ministry of Education of China FX Y.W. and Y.H. are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants 41375072 and 41530423. Y.L. is supported by the Startup Fund of the Ministry of Education of China. F.T. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41175039) and the Startup Fund of the Ministry of Education of China. All of the experiments were performed on the supercomputer at the LaCOAS of Peking University. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2016 VL 823 IS 1 AR L20 DI 10.3847/2041-8205/823/1/L20 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DM5LY UT WOS:000376391700020 ER PT J AU Scheie, A Sanders, M Krizan, J Qiu, Y Cava, RJ Broholm, C AF Scheie, A. Sanders, M. Krizan, J. Qiu, Y. Cava, R. J. Broholm, C. TI Effective spin-1/2 scalar chiral order on kagome lattices in Nd3Sb3Mg2O14 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC FRUSTRATION; RARE-EARTH; PYROCHLORE; ANTIFERROMAGNET; PR; ND; OXIDES; FERROMAGNET; LIQUIDS; FAMILY AB We introduce Nd3Sb3Mg2O14 with ideal kagome lattices of neodymium ions in ABC stacking. Thermodynamic measurements show a Curie-Weiss temperature of circle dot(CW) = - 0.12 K, a Nd3+ spin-1/2 Kramers doublet ground state, and a second-order phase transition at T-N = 0.56( 2) K. Neutron scattering reveals noncoplanar scalar chiral k = 0 magnetic order with a correlation length exceeding 400 angstrom = 55a and an ordered moment of 1.79(5) mu(B). This order includes a canted ferromagnetic component perpendicular to the kagome planes favored by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. C1 [Scheie, A.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Scheie, A.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sanders, M.; Krizan, J.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Broholm, C.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Scheie, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Scheie, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. FU Institute for Quantum Matter at Johns Hopkins University; US Department of Energy, Division of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation under the EPIQS program [GBMF4532]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249] FX We thank Elizabeth Seibel and Quinn Gibson for helpful discussions. We also thank Ovi Garlea and Stuart Calder for their help during early stages of the project. This work was supported through the Institute for Quantum Matter at Johns Hopkins University, by the US Department of Energy, Division of Basic Energy Sciences, Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46544. A.S. was supported through the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation under the EPIQS program GBMF4532. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the NCNR facility was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 13 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 20 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 18 AR 180407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.180407 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DM3LK UT WOS:000376247700001 ER PT J AU Lu, HI Schemmer, M Aycock, LM Genkina, D Sugawa, S Spielman, IB AF Lu, H. -I Schemmer, M. Aycock, L. M. Genkina, D. Sugawa, S. Spielman, I. B. TI Geometrical Pumping with a Bose-Einstein Condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD FERMIONS; BERRY PHASE; TRANSPORT; SOLITONS; BANDS AB We realized a quantum geometric "charge" pump for a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in the lowest Bloch band of a novel bipartite magnetic lattice. Topological charge pumps in filled bands yield quantized pumping set by the global-topological-properties of the bands. In contrast, our geometric charge pump for a BEC occupying just a single crystal momentum state exhibits nonquantized charge pumping set by local-geometrical-properties of the band structure. Like topological charge pumps, for each pump cycle we observed an overall displacement (here, not quantized) and a temporal modulation of the atomic wave packet's position in each unit cell, i.e., the polarization. C1 [Lu, H. -I; Schemmer, M.; Aycock, L. M.; Genkina, D.; Sugawa, S.; Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lu, H. -I; Schemmer, M.; Aycock, L. M.; Genkina, D.; Sugawa, S.; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schemmer, M.] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Aycock, L. M.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Spielman, IB (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Spielman, IB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ian.spielman@nist.gov FU ARO's Atomtronics MURI; AFOSR's Quantum Matter MURI; NSF through the PFC at the JQI; Ampere Scholarships of Excellence of the Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS) de Lyon; JSPS; NIST FX We appreciate the constructive discussions with W. D. Phillips, E. Mueller, L. J. LeBlanc, and L. Wang. This work was partially supported by the ARO's Atomtronics MURI, and by the AFOSR's Quantum Matter MURI, NIST, and the NSF through the PFC at the JQI. M. S. was supported by Ampere Scholarships of Excellence of the Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS) de Lyon. S. S. acknowledges support from JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for research abroad. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 20 AR 200402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.200402 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DM3SR UT WOS:000376267300002 PM 27258857 ER PT J AU Taylor, RW Esteban, R Mahajan, S Aizpurua, J Baumberg, JJ AF Taylor, Richard W. Esteban, Ruben Mahajan, Sumeet Aizpurua, Javier Baumberg, Jeremy J. TI Optimizing SERS from Gold Nanoparticle Clusters: Addressing the Near Field by an Embedded Chain Plasmon Model SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; LIMITED COLLOID AGGREGATION; SINGLE-MOLECULE; METALLIC NANOPARTICLE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOSTRUCTURES; APPROXIMATIONS; CUCURBITURIL; NANOANTENNAS AB We study experimentally and theoretically the optimization of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from nanoplasmonic clusters of gold nanoparticles separated by a fixed subnanometer gap. To maximize the enhancement we discuss how the optimal cluster size is influenced by the constituent nanoparticle size and illumination wavelength. We find good qualitative agreement between the experimental SERS from nanoparticle clusters and a simple composite model that describes the response of the full cluster as arising from a composition of linear nanochains. For fixed illumination wavelengths encountered experimentally it is best to choose a cluster size that supports its lowest energy resonance near this wavelength. Our chain simulations indicate the existence of an optimal length also when the illumination laser is continuously tuned to the frequency that maximizes the signal. We explain the optimal length under these illumination conditions with a simple model that accounts explicitly for radiative losses. C1 [Taylor, Richard W.; Mahajan, Sumeet; Baumberg, Jeremy J.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, NanoPhoton Ctr, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Esteban, Ruben; Aizpurua, Javier] Mat Phys Ctr CSIC UPV EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Esteban, Ruben; Aizpurua, Javier] Donostia Int Phys Ctr DIPC, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Esteban, Ruben] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Esteban, Ruben] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Esteban, Ruben] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Baumberg, JJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, NanoPhoton Ctr, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England.; Esteban, R (reprint author), Mat Phys Ctr CSIC UPV EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain.; Esteban, R (reprint author), Donostia Int Phys Ctr DIPC, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain.; Esteban, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Esteban, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Esteban, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ruben_esteban@ehu.eus; jjb12@cam.ac.uk RI DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014; Mahajan, Sumeet/B-9453-2009; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012 OI Aizpurua, Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589; Mahajan, Sumeet/0000-0001-8923-6666; FU EPSRC [EP/F059396/1, EP/G060649/1, EP/L027151/1, EP/H007024/1]; EU NanoSciE+ CUBiHOLE grants; ERC LINASS [320503]; project PLASMOQUANTUM from NIST [70NANB15H321]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness MINECO [FIS2013-41184-P]; Department of Industry of the Basque Government; Fellows Gipuzkoa program of the Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia (through the FEDER of the European Union "Una manner de hater Europa"); Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland FX This work was supported by EPSRC EP/F059396/1, EP/G060649/1, EP/L027151/1 and EP/H007024/1 EU NanoSciE+ CUBiHOLE grants, ERC LINASS 320503, the project PLASMOQUANTUM from NIST, grant n. 70NANB15H321, the project FIS2013-41184-P of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness MINECO, ETORTEK project nanoGUNE'14 from the Department of Industry of the Basque Government, the Fellows Gipuzkoa program of the Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia (through the FEDER funding scheme of the European Union "Una manner de hater Europa"), and the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 19 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 19 BP 10512 EP 10522 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b00506 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DM5VE UT WOS:000376417500044 ER PT J AU Lubchenco, J AF Lubchenco, Jane TI Serendipity: An Ecologist's Quest to Understand Nature SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Lubchenco, Jane] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lubchenco, Jane] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lubchenco, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.; Lubchenco, J (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM lubchenco@oregonstate.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 19 PY 2016 VL 533 IS 7603 BP 318 EP 319 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM0AH UT WOS:000376004300023 PM 27196350 ER PT J AU Gilman, E Chaloupka, M Peschon, J Ellgen, S AF Gilman, Eric Chaloupka, Milani Peschon, John Ellgen, Sarah TI Risk Factors for Seabird Bycatch in a Pelagic Longline Tuna Fishery SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BLACK-FOOTED ALBATROSS; CIRCLE HOOKS; CATCH RATES; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SHARK CATCH; BY-CATCH; MODELS; HAWAII; PERFORMANCE; MORTALITY AB Capture in global pelagic longline fisheries threatens the viability of some seabird populations. The Hawaii longline tuna fishery annually catches hundreds of seabirds, primarily Laysan (Phoebastria immutabilis) and black-footed (P. nigripes) albatrosses. Since seabird regulations were introduced in 2001, the seabird catch rate has declined 74%. However, over the past decade, seabird catch levels significantly increased due to significant increasing trends in both effort and nominal seabird catch rates. We modelled observer data using a spatio-temporal generalized additive mixed model with zero-inflated Poisson likelihood to determine the significance of the effect of various risk factors on the seabird catch rate. The seabird catch rate significantly increased as annual mean multivariate ENSO index values increased, suggesting that decreasing ocean productivity observed in recent years in the central north Pacific may have contributed to the increasing trend in nominal seabird catch rate. A significant increasing trend in number of albatrosses attending vessels, possibly linked to declining regional ocean productivity and increasing absolute abundance of black-footed albatrosses, may also have contributed to the increasing nominal seabird catch rate. Largest opportunities for reductions are through augmented efficacy of seabird bycatch mitigation north of 23 degrees N where mitigation methods are required and during setting instead of during hauling. Both side vs. stern setting, and blue-dyed vs. untreated bait significantly reduced the seabird catch rate. Of two options for meeting regulatory requirements, side setting had a significantly lower seabird catch rate than blue-dyed bait. There was significant spatio-temporal and seasonal variation in the risk of seabird capture with highest catch rates in April and May and to the northwest of the main Hawaiian Islands. C1 [Gilman, Eric] Pelag Fisheries Res Grp, Honolulu, HI USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Ecol Modeling Serv, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Chaloupka, Milani] Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Peschon, John; Ellgen, Sarah] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Gilman, E (reprint author), Pelag Fisheries Res Grp, Honolulu, HI USA. EM FisheriesResearchGroup@gmail.com FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [0101.15.046582] FX This work received funding from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, grant number 0101.15.046582 (http://www.nfwf.org) to EG and MC and to The Safina Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 108 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 18 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 AR e0155477 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0155477 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM3ZU UT WOS:000376286100053 PM 27192492 ER PT J AU Shi, KW Sun, Y Yan, J Deng, SH Wang, L Wu, H Hu, PW Lu, HQ Malik, MI Huang, QZ Wang, C AF Shi, Kewen Sun, Ying Yan, Jun Deng, Sihao Wang, Lei Wu, Hui Hu, Pengwei Lu, Huiqing Malik, Muhammad Imran Huang, Qingzhen Wang, Cong TI Baromagnetic Effect in Antiperovskite Mn3Ga0.95N0.94 by Neutron Powder Diffraction Analysis SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; THERMAL-EXPANSION; PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; PEROVSKITE; MANGANESE; COMPOUND; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRONS AB A baromagnetic effect in a novel tetragonal magnetic structure is introduced by vacancies in Mn3Ga0.95N0.94, due to the change of the Mn-Mn distance and their spin re-orientation induced by a pressure field. This effect is proven for the first time in antiperovskite compounds by neutron powder diffraction analysis. This feature will enable wide applications in magnetoelectric devices and intelligent instruments. C1 [Shi, Kewen; Sun, Ying; Yan, Jun; Deng, Sihao; Wang, Lei; Hu, Pengwei; Lu, Huiqing; Malik, Muhammad Imran; Wang, Cong] Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Huang, Qingzhen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, C (reprint author), Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. EM congwang@buaa.edu.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Wang, Lei/O-6298-2015; Sun, Ying/P-1453-2016 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; FU Steady High Magnetic Field Facilities (SHMFF) at High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51572010, 51472017]; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metals and Materials [2014-ZD03] FX The authors acknowledge the support of the Steady High Magnetic Field Facilities (SHMFF) at High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science. This work is financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos. 51572010 and 51472017), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metals and Materials (2014-ZD03). NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 39 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAY 18 PY 2016 VL 28 IS 19 BP 3761 EP 3767 DI 10.1002/adma.201600310 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DM6RQ UT WOS:000376480500018 PM 27007214 ER PT J AU Barker, DS Pisenti, NC Reschovsky, BJ Campbell, GK AF Barker, D. S. Pisenti, N. C. Reschovsky, B. J. Campbell, G. K. TI Three-photon process for producing a degenerate gas of metastable alkaline-earth-metal atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE FREQUENCY; CLOCK TRANSITION; STRONTIUM; LASER; SR; SPECTROSCOPY; INSTABILITY; STABILITY; LIFETIMES; FERMIONS AB We present a method for creating a quantum degenerate gas of metastable alkaline-earth-metal atoms. This has yet to be achieved due to inelastic collisions that limit evaporative cooling in the metastable states. Quantum degenerate samples prepared in the S-1(0) ground state can be rapidly transferred to either the P-3(2) or P-3(0) state via a coherent three-photon process. Numerical integration of the density-matrix evolution for the fine structure of bosonic alkaline-earth-metal atoms shows that transfer efficiencies of similar or equal to 90% can be achieved with experimentally feasible laser parameters in both Sr and Yb. Importantly, the three-photon process can be set up such that it imparts no net momentum to the degenerate gas during the excitation, which will allow for studies of metastable samples outside the Lamb-Dicke regime. We discuss several experimental challenges to successfully realizing our scheme, including the minimization of differential ac Stark shifts between the four states connected by the three-photon transition. C1 [Barker, D. S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Barker, DS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dbarker2@umd.edu OI Barker, Daniel/0000-0002-4614-5833 FU Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation through Physics Frontier Center at Joint Quantum Institute FX The authors thank A. Gorshkov, Z. Smith, V. Vaidya, and S. Eckel for useful discussions. This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research, and the National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY 18 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 5 AR 053417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.053417 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DM3JH UT WOS:000376242200008 ER PT J AU Bakaimi, I Brescia, R Brown, CM Tsirlin, AA Green, MA Lappas, A AF Bakaimi, Ioanna Brescia, Rosaria Brown, Craig M. Tsirlin, Alexander A. Green, Mark A. Lappas, Alexandros TI Hydration-induced spin-glass state in a frustrated Na-Mn-O triangular lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-ION BATTERIES; VOGEL-FULCHER LAW; MANGANESE OXIDE; PHASE-DIAGRAM; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; IRREVERSIBILITY CROSSOVER; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; RANDOM ANISOTROPY AB Birnessite compounds are stable across a wide range of compositions that produces a remarkable diversity in their physical, electrochemical, and functional properties. These are hydrated analogs of the magnetically frustrated, mixed-valent manganese oxide structures, with general formula, NaxMnO2. Here we demonstrate that the direct hydration of layered rock-salt type alpha-NaMnO2, with the geometrically frustrated triangular lattice topology, yields the birnessite type oxide, Na0.36MnO2 center dot 0.2H(2)O, transforming its magnetic properties. This compound has a much-expanded interlayer spacing compared to its parent alpha-NaMnO2 compound. We show that while the parent alpha-NaMnO2 possesses a Neel temperature of 45 K as a result of broken symmetry in the Mn3+ sublattice, the hydrated derivative undergoes collective spin freezing at 29 K within the Mn3+/Mn4+ sublattice. Scaling-law analysis of the frequency dispersion of the ac susceptibility, as well as the temperature-dependent, low-field dc magnetization confirm a cooperative spin-glass state of strongly interacting spins. This is supported by complementary spectroscopic analysis [high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron miscroscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy] as well as by a structural investigation (high-resolution TEM, x-ray, and neutron powder diffraction) that yield insights into the chemical and atomic structure modifications. We conclude that the spin-glass state in birnessite is driven by the spin frustration imposed by the underlying triangular lattice topology that is further enhanced by the in-plane bond-disorder generated by the mixed-valent character of manganese in the layers. C1 [Bakaimi, Ioanna; Lappas, Alexandros] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Greece. [Bakaimi, Ioanna] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Brescia, Rosaria] Ist Italiano Tecnol, Nanochem Dept, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genoa, Italy. [Brown, Craig M.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Tsirlin, Alexander A.] Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, Expt Phys 6, Ctr Elect Correlat & Magnetism, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. [Green, Mark A.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. RP Lappas, A (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Greece. EM lappas@iesl.forth.gr RI Brescia, Rosaria/D-9507-2011; Lappas, Alexandros/F-6771-2011; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Tsirlin, Alexander/D-6648-2013 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Tsirlin, Alexander/0000-0001-6916-8256 FU Ministry of Education & Religious Affairs, Greece [349309 WP1.56]; European Social Fund, European Union (Operational Programme: Education and Lifelong Learning, NSRF); General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Greece [MIS-448305 (2013SE01380034)]; European Regional Development Fund (Sectoral Operational Programme: Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship, NSRF)/European Commission; Federal Ministry for Education and Research through the Sofja Kovalevskaya Award of Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung FX This research has in part been carried out in the framework of Heracleitus II project (Grant No. 349309 WP1.56) cofinanced by the Ministry of Education & Religious Affairs, Greece and the European Social Fund, European Union (Operational Programme: Education and Lifelong Learning, NSRF 2007-2013). Part of this work was performed in the framework of the PROENYL research project, Action KRIPIS, Project No. MIS-448305 (2013SE01380034), cofinanced by the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Greece, and the European Regional Development Fund (Sectoral Operational Programme: Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship, NSRF 2007-2013)/European Commission. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. A.T. acknowledges financial support from the Federal Ministry for Education and Research through the Sofja Kovalevskaya Award of Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 18 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 18 AR 184422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.184422 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DM3LG UT WOS:000376247300004 ER PT J AU Slichter, DH Muller, C Vijay, R Weber, SJ Blais, A Siddiqi, I AF Slichter, D. H. Muller, C. Vijay, R. Weber, S. J. Blais, A. Siddiqi, I. TI Quantum Zeno effect in the strong measurement regime of circuit quantum electrodynamics SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quantum Zeno effect; quantum jumps; superconducting qubit; circuit QED; random telegraph signals ID QUASI-STATIONARY STATE; DYNAMICS; INTERROGATION; PARADOX; TIME AB We observe the quantum Zeno effect-where the act of measurement slows the rate of quantum state transitions-in a superconducting qubit using linear circuit quantum electrodynamics readout and a near-quantum-limited following amplifier. Under simultaneous strong measurement and qubit drive, the qubit undergoes a series of quantum jumps between states. These jumps are visible in the experimental measurement record and are analyzed using maximum likelihood estimation to determine qubit transition rates. The observed rates agree with both analytical predictions and numerical simulations. The analysis methods are suitable for processing general noisy random telegraph signals. C1 [Slichter, D. H.; Vijay, R.; Weber, S. J.; Siddiqi, I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Quantum Nanoelect Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Muller, C.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, ARC Ctr Excellence Engn Quantum Syst, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Muller, C.; Blais, A.] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Blais, A.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Slichter, D. H.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Vijay, R.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Homi Bhabha Rd, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Weber, S. J.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Slichter, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Quantum Nanoelect Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Slichter, DH (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM slichter@berkeley.edu OI Muller, Clemens/0000-0001-8015-3143 FU Hertz Foundation Fellowship; ARO QCT program; NSERC FX We thank J Gambetta, O Naaman, J Aumentado, and Y C Hagar for useful discussions and K Lalumiere for help with the stochastic master equation simulations. DHS acknowledges support from a Hertz Foundation Fellowship endowed by Big George Ventures. RV and IS acknowledge support from the ARO QCT program. AB acknowledges support from NSERC. We thank Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada for computational resources. DHS and RV designed and carried out the experiments. SJW fabricated the qubit sample. DHS analyzed the data and developed the rate extraction algorithm. CM performed the theoretical calculations and numerical simulations. AB and IS supervised the work. DHS and CM wrote the manuscript with input from all authors. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAY 17 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 053031 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/5/053031 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DN6NO UT WOS:000377192100006 ER PT J AU West, JJ Cohen, A Dentener, F Brunekreef, B Zhu, T Armstrong, B Bell, ML Brauer, M Carmichael, G Costa, DL Dockery, DW Kleeman, M Krzyzanowski, M Kunzli, N Liousse, C Lung, SCC Martin, RV Poschl, U Pope, CA Roberts, JM Russell, AG Wiedinmyer, C AF West, J. Jason Cohen, Aaron Dentener, Frank Brunekreef, Bert Zhu, Tong Armstrong, Ben Bell, Michelle L. Brauer, Michael Carmichael, Gregory Costa, Dan L. Dockery, Douglas W. Kleeman, Michael Krzyzanowski, Michal Kuenzli, Nino Liousse, Catherine Lung, Shih-Chun Candice Martin, Randall V. Poeschl, Ulrich Pope, C. Arden, III Roberts, James M. Russell, Armistead G. Wiedinmyer, Christine TI "What We Breathe Impacts Our Health: Improving Understanding of the Link between Air Pollution and Health" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; LAND-USE REGRESSION; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; UNITED-STATES; DAILY MORTALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EXPOSURE ESTIMATION; AMBIENT PM2.5; GLOBAL BURDEN; BLACK CARBON C1 [West, J. Jason] Univ N Carolina, Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Cohen, Aaron] Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Dentener, Frank] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Brunekreef, Bert] Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, NL-3584 CJ Utrecht, Netherlands. [Brunekreef, Bert] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, NL-3584 CJ Utrecht, Netherlands. [Zhu, Tong] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Control, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Armstrong, Ben] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Social & Environm Hlth Res, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Bell, Michelle L.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Brauer, Michael] Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. [Carmichael, Gregory] Univ Iowa, Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Costa, Dan L.] Off Res & Dev Environm Protect Agcy, Air Climate & Energy Res Program, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Dockery, Douglas W.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kleeman, Michael] Univ Calif Davis, Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Krzyzanowski, Michal] Kings Coll London, Environm Res Grp, London SE1 9NH, England. [Kuenzli, Nino] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland. [Kuenzli, Nino] Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland. [Liousse, Catherine] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Lung, Shih-Chun Candice] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Martin, Randall V.] Dalhousie Univ, Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Martin, Randall V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Poeschl, Ulrich] Max Planck Inst Chem, Multiphase Chem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Pope, C. Arden, III] Brigham Young Univ, Econ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Roberts, James M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Russell, Armistead G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wiedinmyer, Christine] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP West, JJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.; Cohen, A (reprint author), Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA 02110 USA.; Dentener, F (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Italy.; Zhu, T (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Control, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jasonwest@unc.edu; acohen@healtheffects.org; frank.dentener@jrc.ec.europa.eu; tzhu@pku.edu.cn RI Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Poschl, Ulrich/A-6263-2010; West, Jason/J-2322-2015; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Kunzli, Nino/F-7195-2014; ZHU, TONG/H-6501-2011 OI Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Poschl, Ulrich/0000-0003-1412-3557; West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Kunzli, Nino/0000-0001-8360-080X; FU U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1R21ES022600-01]; National Science Foundation; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Initiative FX The views presented in this paper were stimulated by a workshop held in Boston in October, 2011: "Atmospheric Chemistry and Health: current knowledge and future directions". The authors thank the International Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (iCACGP), the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project (IGAC), the Health Effects Institute (HEI), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and the European Commission for providing travel and logistical support to this meeting. J.J.W. was supported by the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, grant #1R21ES022600-01. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The contribution from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration was supported by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Initiative. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the policy of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, European Commission, or sponsoring organizations. We thank five anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 87 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 22 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 17 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 10 BP 4895 EP 4904 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b03827 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM4QJ UT WOS:000376331500002 PM 27010639 ER PT J AU Cheng, J Liu, ZY Zhang, SQ Liu, W Dong, LN Liu, P Li, HL AF Cheng, Jun Liu, Zhengyu Zhang, Shaoqing Liu, Wei Dong, Lina Liu, Peng Li, Hongli TI REPLY TO PARKER: Robust response of AMOC interdecadal variability to future intense warming SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION C1 [Cheng, Jun; Dong, Lina; Liu, Peng; Li, Hongli] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Polar Climate Syst & Global Change Lab, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Shaoqing] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Liu, Wei] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Cheng, J (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Polar Climate Syst & Global Change Lab, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Liu, ZY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Liu, ZY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Liu, ZY (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM chengjun@nuist.edu.cn; zliu3@wisc.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 17 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 20 BP E2762 EP E2763 DI 10.1073/pnas.1604999113 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DL9QK UT WOS:000375977600002 PM 27118835 ER PT J AU Doherty, SJ Hegg, DA Johnson, JE Quinn, PK Schwarz, JP Dang, C Warren, SG AF Doherty, Sarah J. Hegg, Dean A. Johnson, James E. Quinn, Patricia K. Schwarz, Joshua P. Dang, Cheng Warren, Stephen G. TI Causes of variability in light absorption by particles in snow at sites in Idaho and Utah SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; ARCTIC SNOW; ABSORBING IMPURITIES; SOURCE ATTRIBUTION; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; NORTHERN CHINA; DUST; AEROSOL; DEPOSITION; MELT AB A characterization of black carbon (BC) and other light-absorbing particles in snow is presented for three mountain valley sites in Idaho in early 2014 and for one site near Vernal, Utah, in early 2013 and 2014. The focus of the study was on constraining the magnitude and drivers of variations in particulate absorbers in midlatitude U.S. seasonal snow. Mass mixing ratios of BC in newly fallen snow were similar at all three Idaho sites, with a median of 4.7 +/- 4.2 ng BC per gram of snow. The median total light-absorbing particulate mixing ratios in new snow, expressed as an equivalent mixing ratio of BC, was 18 +/- 23 ng g(-1). At the Utah site, which is near sources of both fossil fuel and dust, the mixing ratios of BC varied from 7 to 45 ng g(-1) across seven new snowfall samples, and the BC-equivalent mixing ratios varied from 9 to 1500 ng g(-1). At all sites, dry deposition and in snow processes increase the mixing ratio of BC by up to an order of magnitude and increase the mixing ratio of all light-absorbing particulates by up to 2 orders of magnitude, highlighting the importance of capturing these processes for accurately representing snow albedo in climate models. Spatial variability at a range of scales is found to be considerably smaller than the temporal variations at a given site, with implications for the representativeness of field samples used in observation/model comparisons. C1 [Doherty, Sarah J.; Johnson, James E.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hegg, Dean A.; Dang, Cheng; Warren, Stephen G.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Schwarz, Joshua P.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Doherty, SJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sarahd@atmos.washington.edu RI Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; FU EPA STAR grant [RD-82503801]; Western Energy Alliance; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program; NOAA Climate Program Office - Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX The data presented in this paper can be downloaded from http://www.atmos.washington.edu/articles/IdahoUtah2014. The Idaho measurements and all sample analysis were funded by EPA STAR grant RD-82503801. The Utah study was supported in part by the Western Energy Alliance, and by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program and the NOAA Climate Program Office - Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program. Publication was funded in part by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative agreement NA10OAR4320148. It is JISAO contribution 2463 and PMEL Contribution 4377. We thank NOAA/ESRL for providing the meteorological data at the Utah field site and the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service for making SNOTEL data available for the state of Idaho. We warmly thank Anne Greer for use of her home as a residence and laboratory during the Idaho field sampling campaign, the two families that allowed us to use their farms as snow sampling sites in Idaho's Cascade and Garden Valleys, and the Ponderosa State Park staff for their assistance with sampling sites in McCall, Idaho. Helpful comments on the manuscript were received from Teppei Yasunari and two anonymous reviewers. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 4751 EP 4768 DI 10.1002/2015JD024375 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR2DS UT WOS:000379715800021 ER PT J AU Toon, OB Maring, H Dibb, J Ferrare, R Jacob, DJ Jensen, EJ Luo, ZJ Mace, GG Pan, LL Pfister, L Rosenlof, KH Redemann, J Reid, JS Singh, HB Thompson, AM Yokelson, R Minnis, P Chen, G Jucks, KW Pszenny, A AF Toon, Owen B. Maring, Hal Dibb, Jack Ferrare, Richard Jacob, Daniel J. Jensen, Eric J. Luo, Z. Johnny Mace, Gerald G. Pan, Laura L. Pfister, Lenny Rosenlof, Karen H. Redemann, Jens Reid, Jeffrey S. Singh, Hanwant B. Thompson, Anne M. Yokelson, Robert Minnis, Patrick Chen, Gao Jucks, Kenneth W. Pszenny, Alex TI Planning, implementation, and scientific goals of the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC(4)RS) field mission SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; TROPOPAUSE AEROSOL LAYER; FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; NORTH-AMERICA AB The Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC(4)RS) fieldmission based at Ellington Field, Texas, during August and September 2013 employed the most comprehensive airborne payload to date to investigate atmospheric composition over North America. The NASA ER-2, DC-8, and SPEC Inc. Learjet flew 57 science flights fromthe surface to 20 km. The ER-2 employed seven remote sensing instruments as a satellite surrogate and eight in situ instruments. The DC-8 employed 23 in situ and five remote sensing instruments for radiation, chemistry, and microphysics. The Learjet used 11 instruments to explore cloud microphysics. SEAC(4)RS launched numerous balloons, augmented AErosol RObotic NETwork, and collaborated with many existing ground measurement sites. Flights investigating convection included close coordination of all three aircraft. Coordinated DC-8 and ER-2 flights investigated the optical properties of aerosols, the influence of aerosols on clouds, and the performance of new instruments for satellite measurements of clouds and aerosols. ER-2 sorties sampled stratospheric injections of water vapor and other chemicals by local and distant convection. DC-8 flights studied seasonally evolving chemistry in the Southeastern U.S., atmospheric chemistry with lower emissions of NOx and SO2 than in previous decades, isoprene chemistry under high and lowNO(x) conditions at different locations, organic aerosols, air pollution near Houston and in petroleum fields, smoke from wildfires in western forests and from agricultural fires in the Mississippi Valley, and the ways in which the chemistry in the boundary layer and the upper troposphere were influenced by vertical transport in convective clouds. C1 [Toon, Owen B.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Toon, Owen B.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO USA. [Maring, Hal; Jucks, Kenneth W.; Pszenny, Alex] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. [Dibb, Jack] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Dibb, Jack] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ferrare, Richard; Minnis, Patrick; Chen, Gao] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Jensen, Eric J.; Pfister, Lenny; Redemann, Jens; Singh, Hanwant B.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Luo, Z. Johnny] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY USA. [Luo, Z. Johnny] CUNY City Coll, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Mace, Gerald G.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Pan, Laura L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Rosenlof, Karen H.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Reid, Jeffrey S.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Thompson, Anne M.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Yokelson, Robert] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Toon, OB (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO USA.; Toon, OB (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO USA. EM toon@lasp.colorado.edu RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920 FU NASA Earth Science Program; Naval Research Laboratory; NASA [NNX12AC64G, NNX14AR56G] FX SEAC4RS was organized and funded by the NASA Earth Science Program and the Naval Research Laboratory. We thank the aircraft managers, engineers, and ground crews of all the aircraft that participated in SEAC4RS. We particularly thank the pilots of the ER-2 Tim Williams, Denis Steele, Dan Neely, and Stuart Broce; mobile pilot Jan Nystrom; and the DC-8 pilots Frank Batteas, Wayne Ringelberg, Manny Puerta, Denis Steele, Troy Asher, Nils Larson, and Bill Brockett. The DC-8 navigators, Carl Magnusson, Alan Rabb, Keith Schilawski, Ben Williams, Jeff Wilson, and Jeff Texcellwere essential to flight planning and to helping adjust flight patterns in real time. NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center Airborne Science Directorate provided excellent support for the aircraft. We thank Bruce Tagg, the Airborne Science Program manager; ER-2 aircraft mission managers, Tim Moes and Chris Miller; the DC-8 mission manager, Frank Cutler, as well as Rick Shetter. The NASA Ames Earth Science Project Office made tremendous contributions to the operations and overall success of SEAC4RS. Our special thanks go to Kent Shiffer, Jhony Zavaleta, Mike Craig, David Jordan, Sue Tolley, Quincy Allison, Dan Chirica, Erin Czech, Erin Justice, and Katja Drdla. We are grateful for the support of the NASA Langley Clouds Group, especially Rabi Palikonda, Louis Nguyen, Kris Bedka, Bill Smith, Jr., Kirk Ayers, Chris Yost, Doug Spangenberg, Michele Nordeen, Dave Duda, Robyn Boeke, Thad Chee, and Ben Scarino. We appreciated Kathy Thompson for her dedication and effort throughout the planning and postmission analysis of SEAC4RS. The airport personnel at NASA's Johnson spaceflight center and Ellington Field were very helpful to the mission. We especially thank Dick Clark, Chief of the Aircraft Operations Division; Gary Ash, Chief of Aircraft Maintenance; Arne Aamodt and Kevin Lasenski from the Aircraft Operations Division; Noreen McLeroy for IT support; Lisa Buswell, Administrative Officer; Rose Garder, International Visits Coordinator; and, Frank Newman for laboratory and building support in Building 994. Jim Crawford, at NASA's Langley Research Center, played a key role in planning the SEAC4RS field mission. The SEAC4RS data are now in the public domain and can be accessed at http://www-air. larc. nasa. gov/cgi-bin/ArcView/seac4rs. Alternatively one can locate the data at www. doi. org using doi: 10.5067/Aircraft/SEAC4RS/Aerosol-TraceGas-Cloud. O. B. Toon was supported by NASA awards NNX12AC64G and NNX14AR56G. NR 72 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 14 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 4967 EP 5009 DI 10.1002/2015JD024297 PG 43 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR2DS UT WOS:000379715800033 ER PT J AU Fibiger, DL Dibb, JE Chen, DX Thomas, JL Burkhart, JF Huey, LG Hastings, MG AF Fibiger, Dorothy L. Dibb, Jack E. Chen, Dexian Thomas, Jennie L. Burkhart, John F. Huey, L. Gregory Hastings, Meredith G. TI Analysis of nitrate in the snow and atmosphere at Summit, Greenland: Chemistry and transport SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; EAST ANTARCTIC PLATEAU; NITRITE-COATED FILTER; DEEP ICE-CORE; FRESH-WATER; PART 2; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MODELING CHEMISTRY; DENITRIFIER METHOD; PEROXY-RADICALS AB As a major sink of atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2), nitrate (NO3-) in polar snow can reflect the long-range transport of NOx and related species (e.g., peroxyacetyl nitrate). On the other hand, because NO3- in snow can be photolyzed, potentially producing gas phase NOx locally, NO3- in snow (and thus, ice) may reflect local processes. Here we investigate the relationship between local atmospheric composition at Summit, Greenland (72 degrees 35'N, 38 degrees 25'W) and the isotopic composition of NO3- to determine the degree to which local processes influence atmospheric and snow NO3-. Based on snow and atmospheric observations during May-June 2010 and 2011, we find no connection between the local atmospheric concentrations of a suite of gases (BrO, NO, NOy, HNO3, and nitrite (NO2-)) and the NO3- isotopic composition or concentration in snow. This suggests that (1) the snow NO3- at Summit is primarily derived from long-range transport and (2) this NO3- is largely preserved in the snow. Additionally, three isotopically distinct NO3- sources were found to be contributing to the NO3- in the snowat Summit during both 2010 and 2011. Through the complete isotopic composition of NO3-, we suggest that these sources are local anthropogenic particulate NO3- from station activities (delta N-15 = 16 parts per thousand, Delta O-17 = 4 parts per thousand, and delta O-18 = 23 parts per thousand), NO3- formed from midlatitude NOx (delta N-15 = -10 parts per thousand, Delta O-17 = 29 parts per thousand, delta O-18 = 78 parts per thousand) and a NO3- source that is possibly influenced by or derived from stratospheric ozone NO3- (delta N-15 = 5 parts per thousand, Delta O-17 = 39 parts per thousand, delta O-18 = 100 parts per thousand). C1 [Fibiger, Dorothy L.] Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Fibiger, Dorothy L.] NOAA, ESRL, CSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Dibb, Jack E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Chen, Dexian; Huey, L. Gregory] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Thomas, Jennie L.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, ISPL, LATMOS,UVSQ, Paris, France. [Burkhart, John F.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Burkhart, John F.] Univ Calif Merced, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA USA. [Hastings, Meredith G.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Hastings, Meredith G.] Brown Univ, Inst Brown Environm & Soc, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Fibiger, DL (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA.; Fibiger, DL (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, CSD, Boulder, CO USA. EM dorothy.fibiger@noaa.gov RI Burkhart, John/B-7095-2008 OI Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693 FU NSF [0909374]; American Association of University Women FX Data from this paper are available at ACADIS. Data sets https://www.aoncadis.org/project/collaborative_research_the_impact_of_br omine_chemistry_on_the_isotopic_composition_of_nitrate_at_summit_greenla nd.html. This work was supported by NSF grant 0909374 (Arctic Natural Sciences) to M.G.H., J.E.D., and L.G.H. D.L.F. was partially supported by the American Association of University Women. The authors thank C. Corr, N. Chellman, E. Scheuer, and D. Tanner for data acquisition assistance and Polar Field Services for field logistics. The authors would also like to thank three reviewers for comments that significantly improved the manuscript. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 5010 EP 5030 DI 10.1002/2015JD024187 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR2DS UT WOS:000379715800034 ER PT J AU Chang, WL Brown, SS Stutz, J Middlebrook, AM Bahreini, R Wagner, NL Dube, WP Pollack, IB Ryerson, TB Riemer, N AF Chang, Wayne L. Brown, Steven S. Stutz, Jochen Middlebrook, Ann M. Bahreini, Roya Wagner, Nicholas L. Dube, William P. Pollack, Ilana B. Ryerson, Thomas B. Riemer, Nicole TI Evaluating N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis parameterizations for CalNex 2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AIR-QUALITY; DINITROGEN PENTOXIDE; VERTICAL PROFILES; AEROSOL; CHEMISTRY; MODEL; NO3; PARTICLES AB Nighttime chemistry in the troposphere is closely tied to the dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) budget, but high uncertainties remain regarding the model representation of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 on aerosol particles. In this study we used the community model WRF-Chem to simulate a 3-day period during the California Nexus (CalNex) Campaign in 2010. We extended WRF-Chem to include the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 and contrasted the impact of different published parameterizations of N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis on the spatial distribution of uptake coefficients and the resulting N2O5 concentrations. For all the cases, modeled N2O5 uptake coefficients showed strong spatial variability, with higher values in the nocturnal boundary layer compared to the residual layer, especially in environments with high relative humidities, such as over the ocean and along the coast. The best agreement of modeled and observed uptake coefficients was obtained using the parameterization by Davis et al. (2008) combined with the treatment of organic coating by Riemer et al. (2009). For this case the temporal evolution of lower boundary layer N2O5 mixing ratios was reproduced well, and the predictions of surface mixing ratios of ozone and NOx were improved. However, the model still overpredicted the uptake coefficients in the residual layer and consequently underpredicted N2O5 concentrations in the residual layer. This study also highlights that environments with low relative humidities pose a challenge for aerosol thermodynamic models in calculating aerosol water uptake, and this impacts N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis parameterizations. C1 [Chang, Wayne L.; Riemer, Nicole] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Brown, Steven S.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Dube, William P.; Ryerson, Thomas B.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Bahreini, Roya] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Pollack, Ilana B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Riemer, N (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. EM nriemer@illinois.edu RI Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; FU NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate and Carbon Cycle Program; California Air Resources Board [ARB 08-318] FX We would like to thank Charles Brock for providing his measurement data for our analysis, the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate and Carbon Cycle Program, and the California Air Resources Board for funding (ARB 08-318). The data used are listed in the references, and model output data can be obtained by contacting N. Riemer (nriemer@illinois.edu) or W. Chang (wlchang@illinois.edu). NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 5051 EP 5070 DI 10.1002/2015JD024737 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR2DS UT WOS:000379715800036 ER PT J AU Li, XP Crowley, JW Holmes, SA Wang, YM AF Li, Xiaopeng Crowley, John W. Holmes, Simon A. Wang, Yan-Ming TI The contribution of the GRAV-D airborne gravity to geoid determination in the Great Lakes region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The current official North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) and the International Great Lakes Datum of 1985 (IGLD 85) will be replaced by a new geoid-based vertical datum in 2022. The Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) project collects high-quality airborne gravity data to improve the quality of the gravitational model that underpins the geoid model. This paper validates the contribution of GRAV-D data in the Great Lakes region. Using the lake surface height measured by satellite altimetry as an independent data set, Global Gravity Models (GGMs) with/without the GRAV-D data are compared. The comparisons show that the improvement reaches decimeters over Lake Michigan where the historic gravity data have significant errors. Over all lakes, except Lake Erie, the GRAV-D data improve the accuracy of the gravitational model to 1-3 cm. C1 [Li, Xiaopeng] DST Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Crowley, John W.] Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Holmes, Simon A.] SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wang, Yan-Ming] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM yan.wang@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 9 BP 4358 EP 4365 DI 10.1002/2016GL068374 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2RS UT WOS:000378339200034 ER PT J AU Fassbender, AJ Sabine, CL Feifel, KM AF Fassbender, Andrea J. Sabine, Christopher L. Feifel, Kirsten M. TI Consideration of coastal carbonate chemistry in understanding biological calcification SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COCCOLITHOPHORE EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI; DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; ION CONCENTRATION; MARINE ORGANISMS; CORAL-REEF; CALCIFYING ORGANISMS; SATURATION-STATE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AB Correlations between aragonite saturation state (Omega(Ar)) and calcification have been identified in many laboratory manipulation experiments aiming to assess biological responses to ocean acidification (OA). These relationships have been used with projections of Omega(Ar) under continued OA to evaluate potential impacts on marine calcifiers. Recent work suggests, however, that calcification in some species may be controlled by the ratio of bicarbonate to hydrogen ion, or the substrate-to-inhibitor ratio (SIR), rather than Omega(Ar).SIR and Omega(Ar) are not always positively correlated in the natural environment, which means that OAr can be a poor indicator of the calcifying environment when Omega(Ar)->1. Highly variable carbonate chemistry in the coastal zone challenges our ability to monitor fluctuations in OAr, SIR, and the Omega(Ar)-SIR relationship making it difficult to assess biological OA exposures and vulnerability. Careful consideration of natural variability throughout ocean environments is required to accurately determine the influence of OA on biological calcification. C1 [Fassbender, Andrea J.; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Feifel, Kirsten M.] Washington State Dept Nat Resources, Olympia, WA USA. RP Fassbender, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM andrea.fassbender@noaa.gov OI Fassbender, Andrea/0000-0002-5898-1185 FU NOAA OAR; PACE Fellowship Program; NOAA CPO FX Mooring data can be accessed from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center web page: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/. This work was funded by NOAA OAR and the PACE Fellowship Program, which is partially funded by NOAA CPO and administered by the UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs. We thank Richard Feely and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on this manuscript. This is PMEL contribution 4449. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 9 BP 4467 EP 4476 DI 10.1002/2016GL068860 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2RS UT WOS:000378339200047 ER PT J AU Kort, EA Smith, ML Murray, LT Gvakharia, A Brandt, AR Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Sweeney, C Travis, K AF Kort, E. A. Smith, M. L. Murray, L. T. Gvakharia, A. Brandt, A. R. Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. B. Sweeney, C. Travis, K. TI Fugitive emissions from the Bakken shale illustrate role of shale production in global ethane shift SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METHANE EMISSIONS; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; AIRCRAFT; MODELS; OZONE; AIR; US; QUANTIFICATION; CONSTRAINTS; REGION AB Ethane is the second most abundant atmospheric hydrocarbon, exerts a strong influence on tropospheric ozone, and reduces the atmosphere's oxidative capacity. Global observations showed declining ethane abundances from 1984 to 2010, while a regional measurement indicated increasing levels since 2009, with the reason for this subject to speculation. The Bakken shale is an oil and gas-producing formation centered in North Dakota that experienced a rapid increase in production beginning in 2010. We use airborne data collected over the North Dakota portion of the Bakken shale in 2014 to calculate ethane emissions of 0.23 +/- 0.07 (2s) Tg/yr, equivalent to 1-3% of total global sources. Emissions of this magnitude impact air quality via concurrent increases in tropospheric ozone. This recently developed large ethane source from one location illustrates the key role of shale oil and gas production in rising global ethane levels. C1 [Kort, E. A.; Smith, M. L.; Gvakharia, A.] Univ Michigan, Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Murray, L. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Murray, L. T.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Brandt, A. R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Energy Resources Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Sweeney, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Peischl, J.; Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Travis, K.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kort, EA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM eakort@umich.edu RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Murray, Lee/F-2296-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Murray, Lee/0000-0002-3447-3952; FU NOAA AC4 program [NA14OAR0110139]; NASA [NNX14AI87G]; NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program FX Data from the aircraft campaign reported in the manuscript are archived and available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/groups/csd7/measurements/2014topdown/. This project was supported by the NOAA AC4 program under grant NA14OAR0110139 and NASA grant NNX14AI87G. J. Peischl and T. Ryerson were supported in part by the NOAA Climate Program Office and in part by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program. We thank Arlene Fiore (Columbia) for computational resources. We thank Anna Karion for assistance with fieldwork and manuscript comments, Michael Trainer for scientific direction and manuscript comments, and NOAA Aircraft Operations Center staff and flight crew for their efforts in helping collect these data. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 9 BP 4617 EP 4623 DI 10.1002/2016GL068703 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2RS UT WOS:000378339200065 ER PT J AU Fleisher, AJ Long, DA Reed, ZD Hodges, JT Plusquellic, DF AF Fleisher, Adam J. Long, David A. Reed, Zachary D. Hodges, Joseph T. Plusquellic, David F. TI Coherent cavity-enhanced dual-comb spectroscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMB; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; LASER; TIME; AGILE; INTERFEROMETRY; MODULATION; GENERATOR; BAND AB Dual-comb spectroscopy allows for the rapid, multiplexed acquisition of high-resolution spectra without the need for moving parts or low-resolution dispersive optics. This method of broadband spectroscopy is most often accomplished via tight phase locking of two mode-locked lasers or via sophisticated signal processing algorithms, and therefore, long integration times of phase coherent signals are difficult to achieve. Here we demonstrate an alternative approach to dual-comb spectroscopy using two phase modulator combs originating from a single continuous-wave laser capable of > 2 hours of coherent real-time averaging. The dual combs were generated by driving the phase modulators with step-recovery diodes where each comb consisted of > 250 teeth with 203 MHz spacing and spanned > 50 GHz region in the near-infrared. The step-recovery diodes are passive devices that provide low-phase-noise harmonics for efficient coupling into an enhancement cavity at picowatt optical powers. With this approach, we demonstrate the sensitivity to simultaneously monitor ambient levels of CO2, CO, HDO, and H2O in a single spectral region at a maximum acquisition rate of 150 kHz. Robust, compact, low-cost and widely tunable dual-comb systems could enable a network of distributed multiplexed optical sensors. C1 [Fleisher, Adam J.; Long, David A.; Reed, Zachary D.; Hodges, Joseph T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Plusquellic, David F.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fleisher, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adam.fleisher@nist.gov RI Fleisher, Adam/A-4215-2012 OI Fleisher, Adam/0000-0001-9216-0607 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Climate Research Program FX This work was funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Climate Research Program. We thank Ian Coddington (NIST) for comments and suggestions regarding this paper. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 18 U2 43 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 10 DI 10.1364/OE.24.010424 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA DM5IE UT WOS:000376380700047 PM 27409866 ER PT J AU Weston, MM Chrzanowski, HM Wollmann, S Boston, A Ho, J Shalm, LK Verma, VB Allman, MS Nam, SW Patel, RB Slussarenko, S Pryde, GJ AF Weston, Morgan M. Chrzanowski, Helen M. Wollmann, Sabine Boston, Allen Ho, Joseph Shalm, Lynden K. Verma, Varun B. Allman, Michael S. Nam, Sae Woo Patel, Raj B. Slussarenko, Sergei Pryde, Geoff J. TI Efficient and pure femtosecond-pulse-length source of polarization-entangled photons SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; PERIODICALLY POLED KTIOPO4; TELECOM WAVELENGTHS; GENERATION; PAIRS; PHASE; LIGHT; PUMP AB We present a source of polarization entangled photon pairs based on spontaneous parametric downconversion engineered for frequency uncorrelated telecom photon generation. Our source provides photon pairs that display, simultaneously, the key properties for high-performance quantum information and fundamental quantum science tasks. Specifically, the source provides for high heralding efficiency, high quantum state purity and high entangled state fidelity at the same time. Among different tests we apply to our source we observe almost perfect non-classical interference between photons from independent sources with a visibility of (100 +/- 5)%. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Weston, Morgan M.; Chrzanowski, Helen M.; Wollmann, Sabine; Boston, Allen; Ho, Joseph; Patel, Raj B.; Slussarenko, Sergei; Pryde, Geoff J.] Griffith Univ, Ctr Quantum Dynam, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Weston, Morgan M.; Chrzanowski, Helen M.; Wollmann, Sabine; Boston, Allen; Ho, Joseph; Patel, Raj B.; Slussarenko, Sergei; Pryde, Geoff J.] Griffith Univ, Ctr Quantum Computat & Commun Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Chrzanowski, Helen M.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Shalm, Lynden K.; Verma, Varun B.; Allman, Michael S.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pryde, GJ (reprint author), Griffith Univ, Ctr Quantum Dynam, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia.; Pryde, GJ (reprint author), Griffith Univ, Ctr Quantum Computat & Commun Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. EM g.pryde@griffith.edu.au RI Pryde, Geoff/A-8067-2008; Slussarenko, Sergei/A-3599-2012 OI Slussarenko, Sergei/0000-0002-5318-3790 FU ARC [DP140100648, CE110001027]; ARC Future Fellowship FX Part of this work is supported by ARC grant DP140100648 and part of this work is supported by ARC grant CE110001027. GJP acknowledges an ARC Future Fellowship. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 10 AR UNSP 259388 DI 10.1364/OE.24.010869 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA DM5IE UT WOS:000376380700088 ER PT J AU Yi, HM Wu, T Wang, GS Zhao, WX Fertein, E Coeur, C Gao, XM Zhang, WJ Chen, WD AF Yi, Hongming Wu, Tao Wang, Guishi Zhao, Weixiong Fertein, Eric Coeur, Cecile Gao, Xiaoming Zhang, Weijun Chen, Weidong TI Sensing atmospheric reactive species using light emitting diode by incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; SPECTROMETER; NO3; OIO; I-2; IO AB We overview our recent progress in the developments and applications of light emitting diode-based incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (LED-IBBCEAS) techniques for realtime optical sensing chemically reactive atmospheric species (HONO, NO3, NO2) in intensive campaigns and in atmospheric simulation chamber. New application of optical monitoring of NO3 concentration-time profile for study of the NO3-initiated oxidation process of isoprene in a smog chamber is reported. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America. C1 [Yi, Hongming; Fertein, Eric; Coeur, Cecile; Chen, Weidong] Univ Littoral Opal Coast, Lab Phys Chem Atmosphere, Dunkerque, France. [Wu, Tao] Nanchang Hangkong Univ, Nanchang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Guishi; Zhao, Weixiong; Gao, Xiaoming; Zhang, Weijun] Chinese Acad Sci, Anhui Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Hefei, Peoples R China. [Yi, Hongming] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, WD (reprint author), Univ Littoral Opal Coast, Lab Phys Chem Atmosphere, Dunkerque, France. EM chen@univ-littoral.fr FU French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) under the CaPPA [ANR-10-LABX-005]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21307136, 41265011]; CPER CLIMIBIO program - Nord-Pas de Calais Region; Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche FX The authors acknowledge financial supports from the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) under the CaPPA (ANR-10-LABX-005) contract, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC: No. 21307136) and (NSFC: No. 41265011), as well as the support in the framework of the CPER CLIMIBIO program funded by Nord-Pas de Calais Region and the Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 23 U2 35 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 10 DI 10.1364/OE.24.00A781 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA DM5IE UT WOS:000376380700004 PM 27409951 ER PT J AU Simmons, A Fellous, JL Ramaswamy, V Trenberth, K AF Simmons, Adrian Fellous, Jean-Louis Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam Trenberth, Kevin CA Study Team Comm Space Res TI Observation and integrated Earth-system science: A roadmap for 2016-2025 SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Observations; Modelling; Earth system science ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LIGHT-ABSORBING IMPURITIES; ATMOSPHERE CLIMATE MODEL; OCEAN HEAT-CONTENT; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SOIL-MOISTURE; SATELLITE DATA; GLOBAL ENERGY AB This report is the response to a request by the Committee on Space Research of the International Council for Science to prepare a roadmap on observation and integrated Earth-system science for the coming ten years. Its focus is on the combined use of observations and modelling to address the functioning, predictability and projected evolution of interacting components of the Earth system on time scales out to a century or so. It discusses how observations support integrated Earth-system science and its applications, and identifies planned enhancements to the contributing observing systems and other requirements for observations and their processing. All types of observation are considered, but emphasis is placed on those made from space. The origins and development of the integrated view of the Earth system are outlined, noting the interactions between the main components that lead to requirements for integrated science and modelling, and for the observations that guide and support them. What constitutes an Earth-system model is discussed. Summaries are given of key cycles within the Earth system. The nature of Earth observation and the arrangements for international coordination essential for effective operation of global observing systems are introduced. Instances are given of present types of observation, what is already on the roadmap for 2016-2025 and some of the issues to be faced. Observations that are organised on a systematic basis and observations that are made for process understanding and model development, or other research or demonstration purposes, are covered. Specific accounts are given for many of the variables of the Earth system. The current status and prospects for Earth-system modelling are summarized. The evolution towards applying Earth-system models for environmental monitoring and prediction as well as for climate simulation and projection is outlined. General aspects of the improvement of models, whether through refining the representations of processes that are already incorporated or through adding new processes or components, are discussed. Some important elements of Earth-system models are considered more fully. Data assimilation is discussed not only because it uses observations and models to generate datasets for monitoring the Earth system and for initiating and evaluating predictions, in particular through reanalysis, but also because of the feedback it provides on the quality of both the observations and the models employed. Inverse methods for surface-flux or model-parameter estimation are also covered. Reviews are given of the way observations and the processed datasets based on them are used for evaluating models, and of the combined use of observations and models for monitoring and interpreting the behaviour of the Earth system and for predicting and projecting its future. A set of concluding discussions covers general developmental needs, requirements for continuity of space-based observing systems, further long-term requirements for observations and other data, technological advances and data challenges, and the importance of enhanced international co-operation. (C) 2016 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Simmons, Adrian] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Fellous, Jean-Louis] Comm Space Res, 2 Pl Maurice Quentin, F-75039 Paris 01, France. [Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Trenberth, Kevin] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Simmons, A (reprint author), European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. EM adrian.simmons@ecmwf.int RI Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; Lopez-Baeza, Ernesto/H-6682-2015; OI Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580; Lopez-Baeza, Ernesto/0000-0002-2044-2194; Drinkwater, Mark/0000-0002-9250-3806 NR 274 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2016 VL 57 IS 10 BP 2037 EP 2103 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2016.03.008 PG 67 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL7GX UT WOS:000375810100001 ER PT J AU Fioretti, AN Schwartz, CP Vinson, J Nordlund, D Prendergast, D Tamboli, AC Caskey, CM Tuomisto, F Linez, F Christensen, ST Toberer, ES Lany, S Zakutayev, A AF Fioretti, Angela N. Schwartz, Craig P. Vinson, John Nordlund, Dennis Prendergast, David Tamboli, Adele C. Caskey, Christopher M. Tuomisto, Filip Linez, Florence Christensen, Steven T. Toberer, Eric S. Lany, Stephan Zakutayev, Andriy TI Understanding and control of bipolar self-doping in copper nitride SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS) CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Espoo, FINLAND SP Aalto Univ Sch Sci, Helsinki Reg Transport, Agilent Technologies, Nokia ID THIN-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTORS; DEPOSITION; TIN AB Semiconductor materials that can be doped both n-type and p-type are desirable for diode-based applications and transistor technology. Copper nitride (Cu3N) is a metastable semiconductor with a solar-relevant bandgap that has been reported to exhibit bipolar doping behavior. However, deeper understanding and better control of the mechanism behind this behavior in Cu3N is currently lacking in the literature. In this work, we use combinatorial growth with a temperature gradient to demonstrate both conduction types of phase-pure, sputter-deposited Cu3N thin films. Room temperature Hall effect and Seebeck effect measurements show n-type Cu3N with 10(17) electrons/cm 3 for low growth temperature (approximate to 35 degrees C) and p-type with 10(15) holes/cm(3)-10(16) holes/cm(3) for elevated growth temperatures (50 degrees C-120 degrees C). Mobility for both types of Cu3N was approximate to 0.1 cm(2)/Vs-1 cm(2)/Vs. Additionally, temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements indicate that ionized defects are an important scattering mechanism in p-type films. By combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy and first-principles defect theory, we determined that V-Cu defects form preferentially in p-type Cu3N, while Cui defects form preferentially in n-type Cu3N, suggesting that Cu3N is a compensated semiconductor with conductivity type resulting from a balance between donor and acceptor defects. Based on these theoretical and experimental results, we propose a kinetic defect formation mechanism for bipolar doping in Cu3N that is also supported by positron annihilation experiments. Overall, the results of this work highlight the importance of kinetic processes in the defect physics of metastable materials and provide a framework that can be applied when considering the properties of such materials in general. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Fioretti, Angela N.; Tamboli, Adele C.; Caskey, Christopher M.; Christensen, Steven T.; Toberer, Eric S.; Lany, Stephan; Zakutayev, Andriy] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Fioretti, Angela N.; Tamboli, Adele C.; Caskey, Christopher M.; Toberer, Eric S.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Schwartz, Craig P.; Nordlund, Dennis] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94720 USA. [Vinson, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Prendergast, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tuomisto, Filip; Linez, Florence] Aalto Univ, Espoo 02150, Finland. RP Fioretti, AN; Zakutayev, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.; Fioretti, AN (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM afiorett@mines.edu; riy.zakutayev@nrel.gov RI Tuomisto, Filip/B-8189-2008; OI Tuomisto, Filip/0000-0002-6913-5654; Vinson, John/0000-0002-7619-7060; Fioretti, Angela/0000-0002-3271-9023 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 14 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 18 AR 181508 DI 10.1063/1.4948244 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DO3YB UT WOS:000377717500010 ER PT J AU Powell, CJ Llovet, X Salvat, F AF Powell, Cedric J. Llovet, Xavier Salvat, Francesc TI Use of the Bethe equation for inner-shell ionization by electron impact SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We analyzed calculated cross sections for K-, L-, and M-shell ionization by electron impact to determine the energy ranges over which these cross sections are consistent with the Bethe equation for inner-shell ionization. Our analysis was performed with K-shell ionization cross sections for 26 elements, with L-shell ionization cross sections for seven elements, L-3-subshell ionization cross sections for Xe, and M-shell ionization cross sections for three elements. The validity (or otherwise) of the Bethe equation could be checked with Fano plots based on a linearized form of the Bethe equation. Our Fano plots, which display theoretical cross sections and available measured cross sections, reveal two linear regions as predicted by de Heer and Inokuti [in Electron Impact Ionization, edited by T. D. Mark and G. H. Dunn, (Springer-Verlag, Vienna, 1985), Chap. 7, pp. 232-276]. For each region, we made linear fits and determined values of the two element-specific Bethe parameters. We found systematic variations of these parameters with atomic number for both the low-and the high-energy linear regions of the Fano plots. We also determined the energy ranges over which the Bethe equation can be used. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Powell, Cedric J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Llovet, Xavier] Univ Barcelona, Ctr Cient & Tecnol, Lluis Sole & Sabaris 1-3, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Salvat, Francesc] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, ECM, Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Salvat, Francesc] Univ Barcelona, ICC, Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Llovet, Xavier/D-2058-2016 OI Llovet, Xavier/0000-0002-6716-6174 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 14 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 18 AR 184904 DI 10.1063/1.4948700 PG 17 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DO3YB UT WOS:000377717500031 ER PT J AU Rubinson, KA Faraone, A AF Rubinson, Kenneth A. Faraone, Antonio TI The relative diffusive transport rate of SrI2 in water changes over the nanometer length scale as measured by coherent quasielastic neutron scattering SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SELF-DIFFUSION; MUTUAL DIFFUSION; IONIC-SOLUTIONS; SLOW DYNAMICS; COEFFICIENTS; LIQUID; DEPENDENCE AB X-ray and neutron scattering have been used to provide insight into the structures of ionic solutions for over a century, but the probes have covered distances shorter than 8 angstrom. For the non-hydrolyzing salt SrI2 in aqueous solution, a locally ordered lattice of ions exists that scatters slow neutrons coherently down to at least 0.1 mol L-1 concentration, where the measured average distance between scatterers is over 18 angstrom. To investigate the motions of these scatterers, coherent quasielastic neutron scattering (CQENS) data on D2O solutions with SrI2 at 1, 0.8, 0.6, and 0.4 mol L-1 concentrations was obtained to provide an experimental measure of the diffusive transport rate for the motion between pairs of ions relative to each other. Because CQENS measures the motion of one ion relative to another, the frame of reference is centered on an ion, which is unique among all diffusion measurement methods. We call the measured quantity the pairwise diffusive transport rate D-p. In addition to this ion centered frame of reference, the diffusive transport rate can be measured as a function of the momentum transfer q, where q = (4 pi/lambda) sin theta with a scattering angle of 2 theta. Since q is related to the interion distance (d = 2 pi/q), for the experimental range 0.2 angstrom(-1) <= q <= 1.0 angstrom(-1), D-p is, then, measured over interion distances from 40 angstrom to approximate to 6 angstrom. We find the measured diffusional transport rates increase with increasing distance between scatterers over the entire range covered and interpret this behavior to be caused by dynamic coupling among the ions. Within the model of Fickian diffusion, at the longer interionic distances Dp is greater than the Nernst-Hartley value for an infinitely dilute solution. For these nm-distance diffusional transport rates to conform with the lower, macroscopically measured diffusion coefficients, we propose that local, coordinated counter motion of at least pairs of ions is part of the transport process. C1 [Rubinson, Kenneth A.; Faraone, Antonio] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rubinson, Kenneth A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Rubinson, KA; Faraone, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Rubinson, KA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM Rubinson@nist.gov; antonio.faraone@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; NCNR FX Thanks to the following for important, clarifying discussions: John Copley, Craig Brown, Dan Neumann, and especially Joseph Hubbard. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772 and from the NCNR. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 14 PY 2016 VL 18 IS 18 BP 12707 EP 12715 DI 10.1039/c5cp05663b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DL5PM UT WOS:000375689200037 PM 27096293 ER PT J AU Wang, QS Park, JT Feng, Y Shen, Y Hao, YQ Pan, BY Lynn, JW Ivanov, A Chi, SX Matsuda, M Cao, HB Birgeneau, RJ Efremov, DV Zhao, J AF Wang, Qisi Park, J. T. Feng, Yu Shen, Yao Hao, Yiqing Pan, Bingying Lynn, J. W. Ivanov, A. Chi, Songxue Matsuda, M. Cao, Huibo Birgeneau, R. J. Efremov, D. V. Zhao, Jun TI Transition from Sign-Reversed to Sign-Preserved Cooper-Pairing Symmetry in Sulfur-Doped Iron Selenide Superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTORS; KXFE2-YSE2; GAP AB An essential step toward elucidating the mechanism of superconductivity is to determine the sign or phase of the superconducting order parameter, as it is closely related to the pairing interaction. In conventional superconductors, the electron-phonon interaction induces attraction between electrons near the Fermi energy and results in a sign-preserved s-wave pairing. For high-temperature superconductors, including cuprates and iron-based superconductors, prevalent weak coupling theories suggest that the electron pairing is mediated by spin fluctuations which lead to repulsive interactions, and therefore that a sign-reversed pairing with an s(+/-) or d-wave symmetry is favored. Here, by using magnetic neutron scattering, a phase sensitive probe of the superconducting gap, we report the observation of a transition from the sign-reversed to sign-preserved Cooper-pairing symmetry with insignificant changes in T-c in the S-doped iron selenide superconductors KxFe2-y(Se1-zSz)(2). We show that a rather sharp magnetic resonant mode well below the superconducting gap (2 Delta) in the undoped sample (z = 0) is replaced by a broad hump structure above 2 Delta under 50% S doping. These results cannot be readily explained by simple spin fluctuation-exchange pairing theories and, therefore, multiple pairing channels are required to describe superconductivity in this system. Our findings may also yield a simple explanation for the sometimes contradictory data on the sign of the superconducting order parameter in iron-based materials. C1 [Wang, Qisi; Feng, Yu; Shen, Yao; Hao, Yiqing; Pan, Bingying; Zhao, Jun] Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Wang, Qisi; Feng, Yu; Shen, Yao; Hao, Yiqing; Pan, Bingying; Zhao, Jun] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Park, J. T.] Tech Univ Munich, Heinz Maier Leibnitz Zentrum MLZ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Lynn, J. W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ivanov, A.] Inst Laue Langevin, 71 Ave Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Chi, Songxue; Matsuda, M.; Cao, Huibo] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Efremov, D. V.] IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Zhao, Jun] Fudan Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, J (reprint author), Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.; Zhao, J (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.; Park, JT (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Heinz Maier Leibnitz Zentrum MLZ, D-85748 Garching, Germany.; Zhao, J (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM jitae.park@frm2.tum.de; zhaoj@fudan.edu.cn RI Matsuda, Masaaki/A-6902-2016; Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010; Park, Jitae/G-1358-2016; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013; Efremov, Dmitri/M-4393-2014 OI Matsuda, Masaaki/0000-0003-2209-9526; Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934; Park, Jitae/0000-0001-6565-0192; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [11374059]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2015CB921302]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC03-76SF008] FX We thank D. L. Feng and X. H. Niu for helpful discussions. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11374059) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (973 project: 2015CB921302). Use of the high flux isotope reactor at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division. The research at UC Berkeley is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contracts No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and No. DE-AC03-76SF008. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 19 AR 197004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.197004 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DM0EB UT WOS:000376014500006 PM 27232038 ER PT J AU Huber, T Ostermann, L Prilmuller, M Solomon, GS Ritsch, H Weihs, G Predojevic, A AF Huber, Tobias Ostermann, Laurin Prilmueller, Maximilian Solomon, Glenn S. Ritsch, Helmut Weihs, Gregor Predojevic, Ana TI Coherence and degree of time-bin entanglement from quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHOTON PAIRS; GENERATION AB We report a study on coherence of excitation of single quantum dots. We address the coherent excitation of biexcitons, the process that is indispensable for deterministic photon pair generation in quantum dots. Based on theoretical modeling we optimized the duration of the excitation pulse in our experiment to minimize the laser-induced dephasing and increase the biexciton-to-background single-exciton occupation probability. An additional effect of this approach is a high degree of time-bin entanglement with a concurrence of up to 0.78(6) and a 0.88(3) overlap with a maximally entangled state. C1 [Huber, Tobias; Prilmueller, Maximilian; Weihs, Gregor; Predojevic, Ana] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Tech Str 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ostermann, Laurin; Ritsch, Helmut] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, Tech Str 21-3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. RP Predojevic, A (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Tech Str 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM ana.predojevic@uibk.ac.at RI Ritsch, Helmut/L-4704-2016; OI Weihs, Gregor/0000-0003-2260-3008; Huber, Tobias/0000-0002-5788-8501 FU European Research Council (Project EnSeNa); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research through its Quantum Information Processing program; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute (PFC@JQI); Austrian Science Fund [V-375, SFB FoQus S4013]; Austrian Academy of Sciences FX This work was funded by the European Research Council (Project EnSeNa) and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research through its Quantum Information Processing program. G.S.S. acknowledges partial support through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute (PFC@JQI). A.P. would like to thank the Austrian Science Fund for the support provided through Project No. V-375. L.O. and H.R. would also like to thank the Austrian Science Fund for support provided through SFB FoQus S4013. T.H. is receiving support from the Austrian Academy of Sciences. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 12 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 20 AR 201301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.201301 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DL9XU UT WOS:000375997500002 ER PT J AU Gong, ZX Maghrebi, MF Hu, A Foss-Feig, M Richerme, P Monroe, C Gorshkov, AV AF Gong, Z. -X. Maghrebi, M. F. Hu, A. Foss-Feig, M. Richerme, P. Monroe, C. Gorshkov, A. V. TI Kaleidoscope of quantum phases in a long-range interacting spin-1 chain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HALDANE-GAP ANTIFERROMAGNETS; HEISENBERG CHAIN; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; GROUND-STATE; FIELD-THEORY; XXZ CHAINS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; MODEL; DIAGRAM; SYMMETRY AB Motivated directly by recent trapped-ion quantum simulation experiments, we carry out a comprehensive study of the phase diagram of a spin-1 chain with XXZ-type interactions that decay as 1/r(alpha), using a combination of finite and infinite-size DMRG calculations, spin-wave analysis, and field theory. In the absence of long-range interactions, varying the spin-coupling anisotropy leads to four distinct and well-studied phases: a ferromagnetic Ising phase, a disordered XY phase, a topological Haldane phase, and an antiferromagnetic Ising phase. If long-range interactions are antiferromagnetic and thus frustrated, we find primarily a quantitative change of the phase boundaries. On the other hand, ferromagnetic (nonfrustrated) long-range interactions qualitatively impact the entire phase diagram. Importantly, for alpha <= 3, long-range interactions destroy the Haldane phase, break the conformal symmetry of the XY phase, give rise to a new phase that spontaneously breaks a U(1) continuous symmetry, and introduce a possibly exotic tricritical point with no direct parallel in short-range interacting spin chains. Importantly, we show that the main signatures of all five phases found could be observed experimentally in the near future. C1 [Gong, Z. -X.; Maghrebi, M. F.; Hu, A.; Foss-Feig, M.; Richerme, P.; Monroe, C.; Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gong, Z. -X.; Maghrebi, M. F.; Foss-Feig, M.; Monroe, C.; Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hu, A.] Amer Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Richerme, P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Gong, ZX (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Gong, ZX (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM gzx@umd.edu RI Gong, Zhexuan/G-4348-2016; Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421 FU ARO; AFOSR; NSF PIF; NSF PFC at the JQI; ARL; NRC FX We thank G. Pupillo, D. Vodola, L. Lepori, A. Turner, J. Pixley, M. Wall, P. Hess, A. Lee, J. Smith, A. Retzker and I. Cohen for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the ARO, the AFOSR, NSF PIF, NSF PFC at the JQI, and the ARL. M.F.-F. thanks the NRC for support. NR 100 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 11 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 20 AR 205115 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.205115 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DL9XQ UT WOS:000375997100002 ER PT J AU Deschenes, JD Sinclair, LC Giorgetta, FR Swann, WC Baumann, E Bergeron, H Cermak, M Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Deschenes, Jean-Daniel Sinclair, Laura C. Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Swann, William C. Baumann, Esther Bergeron, Hugo Cermak, Michael Coddington, Ian Newbury, Nathan R. TI Synchronization of Distant Optical Clocks at the Femtosecond Level SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLOCKS; TIME TRANSFER; FREQUENCY TRANSFER; 2-WAY TIME; LINK; SPACE; STABILIZATION; INSTABILITY; SATELLITES; MISSION AB The use of optical clocks or oscillators in future ultraprecise navigation, gravitational sensing, coherent arrays, and relativity experiments will require time comparison and synchronization over terrestrial or satellite free-space links. Here, we demonstrate full unambiguous synchronization of two optical time scales across a free-space link. The time deviation between synchronized time scales is below 1 fs over durations from 0.1 to 6500 s, despite atmospheric turbulence and kilometer-scale path length variations. Over 2 days, the time wander is 40 fs peak to peak. Our approach relies on the two-way reciprocity of a single-spatial-mode optical link, valid to below 225 attoseconds across a turbulent 4-km path. This femtosecond level of time-frequency transfer should enable optical networks using state-of-the-art optical clocks or oscillators. C1 [Deschenes, Jean-Daniel; Sinclair, Laura C.; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Swann, William C.; Baumann, Esther; Bergeron, Hugo; Cermak, Michael; Coddington, Ian; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Deschenes, JD; Newbury, NR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jean-daniel.deschenes@gel.ulaval.ca; nathan.newbury@nist.gov FU NIST; DARPA DSO PULSE program FX We acknowledge funding from NIST and under the DARPA DSO PULSE program as well as helpful comments from Prem Kumar. We also acknowledge helpful comments from Marla Dowell, David Hume, and Andrew Ludlow, and technical assistance from Chris Cromer and Joe Thompson. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD MAY 11 PY 2016 VL 6 IS 2 AR 021016 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.6.021016 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DM0CQ UT WOS:000376010600001 ER PT J AU Keith, SA Maynard, JA Edwards, AJ Guest, JR Bauman, AG van Hooidonk, R Heron, SF Berumen, ML Bouwmeester, J Piromvaragorn, S Rahbek, C Baird, AH AF Keith, Sally A. Maynard, Jeffrey A. Edwards, Alasdair J. Guest, James R. Bauman, Andrew G. van Hooidonk, Ruben Heron, Scott F. Berumen, Michael L. Bouwmeester, Jessica Piromvaragorn, Srisakul Rahbek, Carsten Baird, Andrew H. TI Coral mass spawning predicted by rapid seasonal rise in ocean temperature SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE phenology; reproduction; biogeography; macroecology; Acropora; Indo-Pacific ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS; SOLAR INSOLATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; PHENOLOGY; FERTILIZATION; REPRODUCTION; ECOLOGY; EVOLUTION AB Coral spawning times have been linked to multiple environmental factors; however, to what extent these factors act as generalized cues across multiple species and large spatial scales is unknown. We used a unique dataset of coral spawning from 34 reefs in the Indian and Pacific Oceans to test if month of spawning and peak spawning month in assemblages of Acropora spp. can be predicted by sea surface temperature (SST), photosynthetically available radiation, wind speed, current speed, rainfall or sunset time. Contrary to the classic view that high mean SST initiates coral spawning, we found rapid increases in SST to be the best predictor in both cases (month of spawning: R-2 = 0.73, peak: R-2 = 0.62). Our findings suggest that a rapid increase in SST provides the dominant proximate cue for coral mass spawning over large geographical scales. We hypothesize that coral spawning is ultimately timed to ensure optimal fertilization success. C1 [Keith, Sally A.; Rahbek, Carsten] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Keith, Sally A.; Baird, Andrew H.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Maynard, Jeffrey A.] SymbioSeas, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. [Maynard, Jeffrey A.] Marine Appl Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. [Maynard, Jeffrey A.] CNRS, CRIOBE, EPHE, Lab Excellence CORAIL USR 3278, Papetoai, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Edwards, Alasdair J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Ridley Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Guest, James R.] SECORE Int, 40 Jalan Anjung 5,Horizon Hills, Nusajaya 79100, Johor, Malaysia. [Bauman, Andrew G.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Expt Marine Ecol Lab, 14 Sci Dr 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore. [van Hooidonk, Ruben] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [van Hooidonk, Ruben] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, 675 Ross River Rd, Townsville, Qld 4817, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Berumen, Michael L.; Bouwmeester, Jessica] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Biol & Environm Sci & Engn, Red Sea Res Ctr, Thuwal 235996900, Saudi Arabia. [Bouwmeester, Jessica] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bouwmeester, Jessica] Univ Illinois, Carl R Woese Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Piromvaragorn, Srisakul] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Ctr Excellence Biodivers Peninsular Thailand, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand. [Rahbek, Carsten] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Silwood Pk,Buckhurst Rd, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. RP Keith, SA (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.; Keith, SA (reprint author), James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM sally.a.keith@gmail.com RI Edwards, Alasdair/C-9558-2009; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; van Hooidonk, Ruben/F-7395-2010; Guest, James/D-5179-2011; Berumen, Michael/F-7745-2011; OI Edwards, Alasdair/0000-0002-2979-7389; van Hooidonk, Ruben/0000-0002-3804-1233; Guest, James/0000-0002-9714-9009; Heron, Scott/0000-0001-5262-6978; Berumen, Michael/0000-0003-2463-2742; Bouwmeester, Jessica/0000-0002-9221-537X FU VILLUM FONDEN [10114]; Danish National Research Foundation [DNRF96]; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; European Research Commission Marie Curie Actions programme; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program FX We are grateful for funding support from VILLUM FONDEN (S.A.K., grant no. 10114), the Danish National Research Foundation for support to the Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate (S.A.K., C.R., grant no. DNRF96), the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (A.G.B., S.A.K.), the European Research Commission Marie Curie Actions programme (J.A.M.), the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (M.L.B.) and NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (S.F.H. and R.v.H.). NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 26 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 11 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1830 AR 20160011 DI 10.1098/rspb.2016.0011 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DM2EG UT WOS:000376158800008 ER PT J AU Hitz, E Wan, JY Patel, A Xu, Y Meshi, L Dai, JQ Chen, YA Lu, AJ Davydoy, AV Hu, LB AF Hitz, Emily Wan, Jiayu Patel, Anand Xu, Yue Meshi, Louisa Dai, Jiaqi Chen, Yanan Lu, Aijiang Davydoy, Albert V. Hu, Liangbing TI Electrochemical Intercalation of Lithium Ions into NbSe2 Nanosheets SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE electrochemical intercalation; niobium selenide; 2D materials; lithium; transparent electrodes ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; RATE CAPABILITY; LAYER GRAPHENE; MOS2; GRAPHITE; CONDUCTIVITY; BATTERIES AB Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been known for decades to have unique properties and recently attracted broad attention for their two-dimensional (2D) characteristics. NbSe2 is a metallic TMDC that has been studied for its charge density wave transition behavior and superconductivity but is still largely unexplored for its potential use in engineered devices with applications in areas such as electronics, optics, and batteries. Thus, we successfully demonstrate and present evidence of lithium intercalation in NbSe2 as a technique capable of modifying the material properties of NbSe2 for further study. We demonstrate successful intercalation of Li ions into NbSe2 and confirm this result through X-ray diffraction, noting a unit cell size increase from 12.57 to 13.57 angstrom in the c lattice parameter of the NbSe2 after intercalation. We also fabricate planar half-cell electrochemical devices using ultrathin NbSe2 from platelets to observe evidence of Li-ion intercalation through an increase in the optical transmittance of the material in the visible range. Using 550 nm wavelength light, we observed an increase in optical transmittance of 26% during electrochemical intercalation. C1 [Hitz, Emily; Wan, Jiayu; Xu, Yue; Dai, Jiaqi; Chen, Yanan; Lu, Aijiang; Hu, Liangbing] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Patel, Anand; Meshi, Louisa; Davydoy, Albert V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Meshi, Louisa] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mat Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Hu, LB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Davydoy, AV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM albert.davydov@nist.gov; binghu@umd.edu RI Hu, Liangbing/N-6660-2013; MESHI, LOUISA/F-2229-2012 OI MESHI, LOUISA/0000-0001-8324-434X FU NSF-CBET [1335979]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Material Measurement Laboratory FX This work was supported by NSF-CBET Award No. 1335979 and internal funding from the National Institute of Standards and Technology Material Measurement Laboratory. The authors thank Irina Kalish from NIST and Christopher Borg from UMD for help with the XRD data analysis. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 37 U2 77 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAY 11 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 18 BP 11390 EP 11395 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b11583 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DL3GA UT WOS:000375521000024 PM 27100021 ER PT J AU Yang, K Cai, ZK Tyagi, M Feygenson, M Neuefeind, JC Moore, JS Zhang, Y AF Yang, Ke Cai, Zhikun Tyagi, Madhusudan Feygenson, Mikhail Neuefeind, Joerg C. Moore, Jeffrey S. Zhang, Yang TI Odd-Even Structural Sensitivity on Dynamics in Network-Forming Ionic Liquids SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID COLD NEUTRON SCATTERING; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CATION SYMMETRY; ORGANIZATION; FABRICATION; ALTERNATION; CRYSTALS; POLYMER; BOTTOM; LENGTH AB As a compelling case of sensitive structure property-relationship, an odd even effect refers to the alternating trend of physical or chemical properties on odd/even number of repeating structural units. In crystalline or semicrystalline materials, such odd even effects emerge as manifestations of differences in the periodic packing patterns of molecules. Therefore, due to the lack of long-range order, such an odd-even phenomenon is not expected for dynamic properties in amorphous state. Herein, we report the discovery of a remarkable odd-even effect of dynamical properties in the liquid phase. In a class of glass forming diammonium citrate ionic liquids, using incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering measurements, we measured the dynamical properties including diffusion coefficient and rotational relaxation time. These directly measured molecular dynamics showed pronounced alternating trends with increased number of methylene (-CH2-) groups in the backbone. Meanwhile, the structure factor S(Q) showed no long-range periodic packing of molecules, while the pair distribution function G(r) revealed subtle differences in the local molecular morphology. The observed dynamical odd even phenomenon in liquids showed that profound dynamical changes originate from subtle local structural differences. C1 [Yang, Ke; Moore, Jeffrey S.; Zhang, Yang] Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yang, Ke; Moore, Jeffrey S.; Zhang, Yang] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cai, Zhikun; Zhang, Yang] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Feygenson, Mikhail; Neuefeind, Joerg C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Moore, JS; Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.; Moore, JS; Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.; Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jsmoore@illinois.edu; zhyang@illinois.edu RI Neuefeind, Joerg/D-9990-2015; Zhang, Yang/A-7975-2012; OI Neuefeind, Joerg/0000-0002-0563-1544; Zhang, Yang/0000-0002-7339-8342; Yang, Ke/0000-0002-0184-9124; Feygenson, Mikhail /0000-0002-0316-3265 FU ACS PRF [55642-DNI6]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-SC-0014804]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX Y.Z. is supported by ACS PRF 55642-DNI6 and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, under Award DE-SC-0014804. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-1508249. Part of the research conducted at ORNL's SNS and ANL's APS was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 10 PY 2016 VL 28 IS 9 BP 3227 EP 3233 DI 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01429 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DL7HA UT WOS:000375810400039 ER PT J AU Hunt, FY AF Hunt, Fern Y. TI An Algorithm for Identifying Optimal Spreaders in a Random Walk Model of Network Communication SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE consensus models; first hitting time; greedoids; networks; random walk; submodular; supermodular functions ID SET-FUNCTIONS; APPROXIMATION AB In a model of network communication based on a random walk in an undirected graph, what subset of nodes (subject to constraints on the set size), enables the fastest spread of information? The dynamics of spread is described by a process dual to the movement from informed to uninformed nodes. In this setting, an optimal set A minimizes the sum of the expected first hitting times F(A), of random walks that start at nodes outside the set. Identifying such a set is a problem in combinatorial optimization that is probably NP hard. F has been shown to be a supermodular and non-increasing set function and fortunately some results on optimization of such functions exist, e.g., in the work of Ilev. In this paper, the problem is reformulated so that the search for solutions to the problem is restricted to a class of optimal and "near" optimal subsets of the graph. We introduce a submodular, non-decreasing rank function., that permits some comparison between the solution obtained by the classical greedy algorithm and one obtained by our methods. The supermodularity and non-increasing properties of F are used to show that the rank of our solution is at least (1 - 1/e) times the rank of the optimal set. When the solution has a higher rank than the greedy solution this. constant can be improved to (1 + chi) (1 - 1/e) where chi > 0 is determined a posteriori. The method requires the evaluation of F for sets of some fixed cardinality m, where m is much smaller than the cardinality of the optimal set. Given nu = rho(A), a class of examples is presented that illustrate the tradeoff between m and solution quality nu. C1 [Hunt, Fern Y.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hunt, FY (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fern.hunt@nist.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY 10 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 180 EP 195 DI 10.6028/jres.121.008 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ5BH UT WOS:000379218900001 ER PT J AU Vlajic, N Chijioke, A Seifarth, R AF Vlajic, Nicholas Chijioke, Akobuije Seifarth, Rick TI Stress Analysis of Conical Contact Joints in the NIST 4.45 MN Deadweight Machine SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deadweight machine; galling; nonlinear finite elements; seizure ID CYCLIC PLASTICITY; FORCE; BEHAVIOR AB During the disassembly phase of the refurbishment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 4.45 MN Deadweight Machine, workers confirmed previously suspected damage in certain conical contact joints within the apparatus. A finite element analysis of the contact joints is performed with the aim of understanding some of the potential origins of failure in order to prevent future damage in the machine. Parametric studies are performed using a finite element model while varying geometry, material constitutive relations, and frictional forces at the interface of the convex and concave cones. The numerical solutions treat nonlinearities originating from elastic-plastic material relations, frictional forces, and contact between the surfaces. These results provide insights into the mechanisms of stress generation in such joints, and how these stresses are influenced by different structural parameters. C1 [Vlajic, Nicholas; Chijioke, Akobuije; Seifarth, Rick] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vlajic, N (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nicholas.vlajic@nist.gov; ako.chijioke@nist.gov; ricky.seifarth@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY 10 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 222 EP 237 DI 10.6028/jres.121.010 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ5BL UT WOS:000379219300001 ER PT J AU Choy, CA Wabnitz, CCC Weijerman, M Woodworth-Jefcoats, PA Polovina, JJ AF Choy, C. Anela Wabnitz, Colette C. C. Weijerman, Mariska Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A. Polovina, Jeffrey J. TI Finding the way to the top: how the composition of oceanic mid-trophic micronekton groups determines apex predator biomass in the central North Pacific SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Forage species; Hawaii longline fishery; North Pacific Subtropical Gyre; Ecopath with Ecosim; Ecosystem modeling; Climate change; Marine food webs ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; RECONSTRUCTING ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MESOPELAGIC FISHES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; HAWAIIAN WATERS; PELAGIC ECOSYSTEM; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; OMMASTREPHES-BARTRAMII AB We updated and expanded a model of the pelagic ecosystem for the area of the central North Pacific occupied by the Hawaii-based longline fishery. Specifically, results from the most recent diet studies were used to expand the representation of the lesser-known non-target fish species (e.g. lancetfish, opah, snake mackerel) and 9 mid-trophic micronekton functional groups. The model framework Ecopath with Ecosim was used to construct an ecosystem energy budget and to examine how changes in the various micronekton groups impact apex predator biomass. Model results indicate that while micronekton fishes represented approximately 54% of micronekton biomass, they accounted for only 28% of the micronekton production. By contrast, crustaceans represented 24% of the biomass and accounted for 44% of production. Simulated ecosystem changes resulting from changes to micronekton groups demonstrated that crustaceans and mollusks are the most important direct trophic pathways to the top of the food web. Other groups appear to comprise relatively inefficient pathways or 'trophic dead-ends' that are loosely coupled to the top of the food web (e.g. gelatinous animals), such that biomass declines in these functional groups resulted in increased biomass at the highest trophic levels by increasing energy flow through more efficient pathways. Overall, simulated declines in the micronekton groups resulted in small changes in biomass at the very top of the food web, suggesting that this ecosystem is relatively ecologically resilient with diverse food web pathways. However, further understanding of how sensitive micronekton are to changes in ocean chemistry and temperature resulting from climate change is needed to fully evaluate and predict potential ecosystem changes. C1 [Choy, C. Anela] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Wabnitz, Colette C. C.] Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Weijerman, Mariska] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Marine Biol Grad Program, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Choy, CA (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM anela@mbari.org FU Joint Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) [NA09OAR4320075]; JIMAR; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This work was funded by the Joint Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) via Cooperative Agreement NA09OAR4320075 between JIMAR and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). C.A.C. was primarily supported by JIMAR, as well as by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subdivisions. The authors thank Evan Howell and Brian Langseth for invaluable assistance with model parameters, balancing, and general software implementation. James Ruzicka, John Field, Amanda Dillon, and Chiara Piroddi provided helpful Ecopath advice. Michael Seki, Jeffrey Drazen, T. Todd Jones, Karen Arthur, Jennifer Purcell, Cathy Lucas, Irene Kelly, Dawn Golden, and Erin Oleson all provided expert advice for biological input parameters. ESM2.1 data were provided by John Dunne. Our manuscript was substantially improved by the contributions and input of 3 anonymous reviewers. This is SOEST contribution number 9615. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAY 10 PY 2016 VL 549 BP 9 EP 25 DI 10.3354/meps11680 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DM5GR UT WOS:000376376200002 ER PT J AU Suryan, RM Kuletz, KJ Parker-Stetter, SL Ressler, PH Renner, M Horne, JK Farley, EV Labunski, EA AF Suryan, Robert M. Kuletz, Kathy J. Parker-Stetter, Sandra L. Ressler, Patrick H. Renner, Martin Horne, John K. Farley, Edward V. Labunski, Elizabeth A. TI Temporal shifts in seabird populations and spatial coherence with prey in the southeastern Bering Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Seabird; Forage fish; Krill; Spatial models; Seasonal patterns ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; MARINE-BIRD; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SCHOOLING FISH; BEAUFORT SEAS AB The Bering Sea is a highly productive ecosystem with abundant prey populations in the summer that support some of the largest seabird colonies in the Northern Hemisphere. In the fall, the Bering Sea is used by large numbers of migrants and post-breeding seabirds. We used over 22 000 km of vessel-based surveys carried out during summer (June to July) and fall (late August to October) from 2008 to 2010 over the southeast Bering Sea to examine annual and seasonal changes in seabird communities and spatial relationships with concurrently sampled prey. Deep-diving murres Uria spp., shallow-diving shearwaters Ardenna spp., and surface-foraging northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis and kittiwakes Rissa spp. dominated summer and fall seabird communities. Seabird densities in summer were generally less than half of fall densities and species richness was lower in summer than in fall. Summer seabird densities had high interannual variation (highest in 2009), whereas fall densities varied little among years. Seabirds were more spatially clustered around breeding colonies and the outer continental shelf in the summer and then dispersed throughout the middle and inner shelf in fall. In summer, the abundance of age-1 walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus along with spatial (latitude and longitude) and temporal (year) variables best explained broad-scale seabird distribution. In contrast, seabirds in fall had weaker associations with spatial and temporal variables and stronger associations with different prey species or groups. Our results demonstrate seasonal shifts in the distribution and foraging patterns of seabirds in the southeastern Bering Sea with a greater dependence on prey occurring over the middle and inner shelf in fall. C1 [Suryan, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy J.; Labunski, Elizabeth A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Parker-Stetter, Sandra L.; Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ressler, Patrick H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Renner, Martin] Tern Again Consulting, 308 E Bayview Ave, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Farley, Edward V.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Parker-Stetter, Sandra L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resources Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Suryan, RM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM rob.suryan@oregonstate.edu FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center; National Marine Fisheries Service; NOAA; US Fish and Wildlife Service; North Pacific Research Board; National Science Foundation as part of the BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project; BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [178] FX We thank the many scientists who collected the seabird and fisheries data and the captains and crews of the research vessels used in these efforts. This work was supported in part by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the North Pacific Research Board and National Science Foundation as part of the BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project. Drafts of this manuscript benefited from comments by J. Zamon and 2 anonymous reviewers. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, or the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. This paper is BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication #178 and NPRB publication number #581. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAY 10 PY 2016 VL 549 BP 199 EP 215 DI 10.3354/meps11653 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DM5GR UT WOS:000376376200016 ER PT J AU Koo, J Koga, T Li, BQ Satija, SK Rafailovich, MH AF Koo, Jaseung Koga, Tadanori Li, Bingquan Satija, Sushil K. Rafailovich, Miriam H. TI Extending the Anomalous Dilation in CO2 to Thick Polymer Blend Films: A Neutron Reflectivity Study SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUID CONDITIONS; SORPTION; SOLVENT; SURFACE; CHAINS; POLYSTYRENE; SWOLLEN; POLYCARBONATE; TEMPERATURE AB We investigated the effect of density fluctuation of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) on anomalous swelling of multilayer polymer thin films On the ridge in the pressure temperature phase diagram of CO2. In order to measure the swelling ratio along the film depth, we alternatively deposited hydrogenated poly(methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) and deuterated polystyrene (dPS) thin films and performed the neutron reflectivity measurements as a function of CO2 pressure at 36 degrees C. The results showed that, in contrast to previous studies, CO2 was to penetrate deeply:throughout the, multilayer thin film where the magnitude of swelling along the density fluctuation ridge of CO2 was independent of film thickness. Block copolymer thin films of dPS-b-PMMA with a parallel lamellar orientation also showed similar swelling behavior in scCO(2). However, it is well-known that single-layer polymer thin films exhibit anomalous swelling behavior only the film surface. This difference is probably due to the fact that the multilayer thin films have the CO2-philic PMMA layer sandwiched between dPS layers, which can function, as a CO2 reservoir, thereby transferring the CO2 molecules from the PMMA layers to the adjacent dPS layers. Furthermore, we found that the interaction between polymers and substrates was not significant in scCO(2) from diffusion dynamics results using neutron reflectivity, thereby facilitating anomalous dilation of polymers near the substrates without a pinning effect. C1 [Koo, Jaseung] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Div Neutron Sci, Taejon 305353, South Korea. [Koga, Tadanori; Rafailovich, Miriam H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Koga, Tadanori; Rafailovich, Miriam H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Li, Bingquan] Dow Chem, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. [Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Koo, J (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Div Neutron Sci, Taejon 305353, South Korea. EM jkoo@kaeri.re.kr RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010 FU National Research Foundation of Korea [2012M2A2A6004260] FX The authors thank Dilip Gersappe at the SUNY Stony Brook for the discussion on mechanism of anomalous swelling behavior of polymer thin films in scCO2. This work was supported primarily from a grant from by the National Research Foundation of Korea under Contract 2012M2A2A6004260. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 10 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 9 BP 3433 EP 3441 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02070 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DL7GT UT WOS:000375809700024 ER PT J AU Alley, OJ Plunkett, E Kale, TS Guo, X McClintock, G Bhupathiraju, M Kirby, BJ Reich, DH Katz, HE AF Alley, Olivia J. Plunkett, Evan Kale, Tejaswini S. Guo, Xin McClintock, Grace Bhupathiraju, Manasa Kirby, B. J. Reich, Daniel H. Katz, Howard E. TI Synthesis, Fabrication, and Heterostructure of Charged, Substituted Polystyrene Multilayer Dielectrics and Their Effects in Pentacene Transistors SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MEMORY DEVICES; ORGANIC TRANSISTORS; THRESHOLD VOLTAGE; POLYIMIDE ELECTRETS; FLOATING-GATE; HYSTERESIS; POLYMERS; STORAGE; LAYERS AB Charge trapping and storage in polymer dielectrics can be harnessed to control semiconductor devices. Organic transistor (OFET) gate insulators affect bias stress and threshold voltage (V-th), and charging them can preset the operating voltages and control bias stress. We describe a chemical design and film fabrication procedure for construction of stacks of polystyrene (PS) layers, each with arbitrary concentrations of potentially chargeable functional groups. Thermal cross-linking of benzocyclobutene subunits ensures layer integrity while keeping the layers free of polar functionality and small molecule byproducts. Neutron reflectivity (NR), scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that individual layer thicknesses varied systematically with polymer concentration in deposition solutions, and interfacial thicknesses ranged from 1.5 to 4 nm, independent of layer thickness, demonstrating formation of distinct layers with minimal roughness or intermixing. The PS-based materials were used as the sole gate dielectrics for pentacene OFETs. We compared V-th before and after charging. Increased bias stress stability as evidenced by reduced V-th shift was seen in devices with trilayer dielectrics with substituted PS as the middle layer compared to a dielectric made from unsubstituted PS. On the other hand, increased V-th shift was seen in many devices with bilayer dielectrics made with substituted PS as the top layer. We attribute the decreased V-th shift seen in trilayer devices to an increased dielectric polarization of the substituted PS in the middle layer that countered the charge trapping effect in the top layer. This demonstration establishes a method for utilizing vertical charge patterns for various electronics applications. C1 [Alley, Olivia J.; Guo, Xin; McClintock, Grace; Bhupathiraju, Manasa; Katz, Howard E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3400 North Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Plunkett, Evan; McClintock, Grace; Reich, Daniel H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 North Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kale, Tejaswini S.; Katz, Howard E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, 3400 North Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Katz, HE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3400 North Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Katz, HE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, 3400 North Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM hekatz@jhu.edu OI Guo, Xin/0000-0003-4995-8378 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-07ER46465] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under Award DE-FG02-07ER46465. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, materials, and software are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 30 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 10 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 9 BP 3478 EP 3489 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00253 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DL7GT UT WOS:000375809700029 ER PT J AU Fuller, CW Kumar, S Porel, M Chien, MC Bibillo, A Stranges, PB Dorwart, M Tao, CJ Li, ZM Guo, WJ Shi, SD Korenblum, D Trans, A Aguirre, A Liu, E Harada, ET Pollard, J Bhat, A Cech, C Yang, A Arnold, C Palla, M Hovis, J Chen, R Morozova, I Kalachikov, S Russo, JJ Kasianowicz, JJ Davis, R Roever, S Church, GM Ju, JY AF Fuller, Carl W. Kumar, Shiv Porel, Mintu Chien, Minchen Bibillo, Arek Stranges, P. Benjamin Dorwart, Michael Tao, Chuanjuan Li, Zengmin Guo, Wenjing Shi, Shundi Korenblum, Daniel Trans, Andrew Aguirre, Anne Liu, Edward Harada, Eric T. Pollard, James Bhat, Ashwini Cech, Cynthia Yang, Alexander Arnold, Cleoma Palla, Mirko Hovis, Jennifer Chen, Roger Morozova, Irina Kalachikov, Sergey Russo, James J. Kasianowicz, John J. Davis, Randy Roever, Stefan Church, George M. Ju, Jingyue TI Real-time single-molecule electronic DNA sequencing by synthesis using polymer-tagged nucleotides on a nanopore array SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE single-molecule sequencing; nanopore; DNA sequencing by synthesis; polymer-tagged nucleotides; chip array ID PHOSPHATE-LABELED NUCLEOTIDES; REVERSIBLE TERMINATORS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RESOLUTION; CHEMISTRY; SUBSTRATE; LIGATION; GENOME AB DNA sequencing by synthesis (SBS) offers a robust platform to decipher nucleic acid sequences. Recently, we reported a single-molecule nanopore-based SBS strategy that accurately distinguishes four bases by electronically detecting and differentiating four different polymer tags attached to the 5'-phosphate of the nucleotides during their incorporation into a growing DNA strand catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Further developing this approach, we report here the use of nucleotides tagged at the terminal phosphate with oligonucleotide-based polymers to perform nanopore SBS on an alpha-hemolysin nanopore array platform. We designed and synthesized several polymer-tagged nucleotides using tags that produce different electrical current blockade levels and verified they are active substrates for DNA polymerase. A highly processive DNA polymerase was conjugated to the nanopore, and the conjugates were complexed with primer/template DNA and inserted into lipid bilayers over individually addressable electrodes of the nanopore chip. When an incoming complementary-tagged nucleotide forms a tight ternary complex with the primer/template and polymerase, the tag enters the pore, and the current blockade level is measured. The levels displayed by the four nucleotides tagged with four different polymers captured in the nanopore in such ternary complexes were clearly distinguishable and sequence-specific, enabling continuous sequence determination during the polymerase reaction. Thus, real-time single-molecule electronic DNA sequencing data with single-base resolution were obtained. The use of these polymer-tagged nucleotides, combined with polymerase tethering to nanopores and multiplexed nanopore sensors, should lead to new high-throughput sequencing methods. C1 [Fuller, Carl W.; Kumar, Shiv; Porel, Mintu; Chien, Minchen; Tao, Chuanjuan; Li, Zengmin; Guo, Wenjing; Shi, Shundi; Morozova, Irina; Kalachikov, Sergey; Russo, James J.; Ju, Jingyue] Columbia Univ, Ctr Genome Technol & Biomol Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Fuller, Carl W.; Kumar, Shiv; Porel, Mintu; Chien, Minchen; Tao, Chuanjuan; Li, Zengmin; Guo, Wenjing; Shi, Shundi; Morozova, Irina; Kalachikov, Sergey; Russo, James J.; Ju, Jingyue] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Fuller, Carl W.; Bibillo, Arek; Dorwart, Michael; Korenblum, Daniel; Trans, Andrew; Aguirre, Anne; Liu, Edward; Harada, Eric T.; Pollard, James; Bhat, Ashwini; Cech, Cynthia; Yang, Alexander; Arnold, Cleoma; Hovis, Jennifer; Chen, Roger; Davis, Randy; Roever, Stefan] Genia Technol, Santa Clara, CA 95050 USA. [Stranges, P. Benjamin; Palla, Mirko; Church, George M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ju, Jingyue] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pharmacol, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Ju, JY (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Genome Technol & Biomol Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA.; Ju, JY (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA.; Church, GM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; Ju, JY (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pharmacol, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM gchurch@genetics.med.harvard.edu; dj222@columbia.edu FU NIH [R01 HG007415]; Genia Technologies, Inc. FX This work was supported by NIH Grant R01 HG007415 and Genia Technologies, Inc. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 12 U2 41 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 10 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 19 BP 5233 EP 5238 DI 10.1073/pnas.1601782113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DL2QA UT WOS:000375478800047 PM 27091962 ER PT J AU Mancuso, CA Hickstein, DD Dorney, KM Ellis, JL Hasovic, E Knut, R Grychtol, P Gentry, C Gopalakrishnan, M Zusin, D Dollar, FJ Tong, XM Milosevic, DB Becker, W Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM AF Mancuso, Christopher A. Hickstein, Daniel D. Dorney, Kevin M. Ellis, Jennifer L. Hasovic, Elvedin Knut, Ronny Grychtol, Patrik Gentry, Christian Gopalakrishnan, Maithreyi Zusin, Dmitriy Dollar, Franklin J. Tong, Xiao-Min Milosevic, Dejan B. Becker, Wilhelm Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. TI Controlling electron-ion rescattering in two-color circularly polarized femtosecond laser fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; ULTRAFAST MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SOFT; DIFFRACTION; SPECTRA; PHOTOELECTRON; PTYCHOGRAPHY; DETACHMENT; RADIATION AB High-harmonic generation driven by two-color counter-rotating circularly polarized laser fields was recently demonstrated experimentally as a breakthrough source of bright, coherent, circularly polarized beams in the extreme ultraviolet and soft-x-ray regions. However, the conditions for optimizing the single-atom yield are significantly more complex than for linearly polarized driving lasers and are not fully understood. Here we present a comprehensive study of strong-field ionization-the complementary process to high-harmonic generation-driven by two-color circularly polarized fields. We uncover the conditions that lead to enhanced electronion rescattering, which should correspond to the highest single-atom harmonic flux. Using a velocity map imaging photoelectron spectrometer and tomographic reconstruction techniques, we record three-dimensional photoelectron distributions resulting from the strong-field ionization of argon atoms across a broad range of driving laser intensity ratios. In combination with analytical predictions and advanced numerical simulations, we show that "hard" electron-ion rescattering is optimized when the second-harmonic field has an intensity approximately four times higher than that of the fundamental driving field. We also investigate electron-ion rescattering with co-rotating fields, and find that rescattering is significantly suppressed when compared with counter-rotating fields. C1 [Mancuso, Christopher A.; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Dorney, Kevin M.; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Knut, Ronny; Grychtol, Patrik; Gentry, Christian; Gopalakrishnan, Maithreyi; Zusin, Dmitriy; Dollar, Franklin J.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mancuso, Christopher A.; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Dorney, Kevin M.; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Knut, Ronny; Grychtol, Patrik; Gentry, Christian; Gopalakrishnan, Maithreyi; Zusin, Dmitriy; Dollar, Franklin J.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mancuso, Christopher A.; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Dorney, Kevin M.; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Knut, Ronny; Grychtol, Patrik; Gentry, Christian; Gopalakrishnan, Maithreyi; Zusin, Dmitriy; Dollar, Franklin J.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hasovic, Elvedin; Milosevic, Dejan B.] Univ Sarajevo, Fac Sci, Zmaja Bosne 35, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia & Herceg. [Tong, Xiao-Min] Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. [Tong, Xiao-Min] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. [Milosevic, Dejan B.] Acad Sci & Arts Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bistrik 7, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia & Herceg. [Milosevic, Dejan B.; Becker, Wilhelm] Max Born Inst, Max Born Str 2a, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Dollar, Franklin J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Mancuso, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Mancuso, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Mancuso, CA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM christopher.mancuso@jila.colorado.edu RI Tong, Xiao-Min/A-2748-2011; OI Tong, Xiao-Min/0000-0003-4898-3491; Milosevic, Dejan/0000-0001-5060-3318 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences Atomic Molecular and Optical Sciences program; AFOSR DURIP award; National Science Foundation [DGE 1144083]; Federal Ministry of Education and Science, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Deutemeinschaft [GR 4234/1-1]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [C24540421]; HA-PACS Project for advanced interdisciplinary computational sciences by exascale computing technology FX The experimental work was done at JILA with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences Atomic Molecular and Optical Sciences program. JILA also gratefully acknowledges support from an AFOSR DURIP award for the laser system used for this work. C.A.M. and J.L.E. acknowledge support from National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships under Grant No. DGE 1144083. E.H. and D.B.M. gratefully acknowledge support by the Federal Ministry of Education and Science, Bosnia and Herzegovina. P.G. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant No. GR 4234/1-1). X.M.T. was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant No. C24540421 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and HA-PACS Project for advanced interdisciplinary computational sciences by exascale computing technology. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 13 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY 9 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 5 AR 053406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.053406 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DL9TC UT WOS:000375984800009 ER PT J AU Jeffries, JR Stillwell, RL Weir, ST Vohra, YK Butch, NP AF Jeffries, Jason R. Stillwell, Ryan L. Weir, Samuel T. Vohra, Yogesh K. Butch, Nicholas P. TI Emergent ferromagnetism and T-linear scattering in USb2 at high pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; UBI2; TEMPERATURE; PNICTIDES; ELECTRON; UAS2; UP2 AB The material USb2 is a correlated, moderately heavy-electron compound within the uranium dipnictide (UX2) series. It is antiferromagnetic with a relatively high transition temperature T-N = 204 K and a large U-U separation. While the uranium atoms in the lighter dipnictides are considered to be localized, those of USb2 exhibit hybridization and itineracy, promoting uncertainty as to the continuity of the magnetic order within the UX2. We have explored the evolution of the magnetic order by employing magnetotransport measurements as a function of pressure and temperature. We find that the TN in USb2 is enhanced, moving towards that of its smaller sibling UAs2. But, long before reaching a TN as high as UAs2, the antiferromagnetism of USb2 is abruptly destroyed in favor of another magnetic ground state. We identify this pressure-induced ground state as being ferromagnetic based on the appearance of a strong anomalous Hall effect in the transverse resistance in magnetic field. With pressure, this emergent ferromagnetic state is suppressed and ultimately destroyed in favor of a non-Fermi-liquid ground state. C1 [Jeffries, Jason R.; Stillwell, Ryan L.; Weir, Samuel T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Vohra, Yogesh K.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35924 USA. [Butch, Nicholas P.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jeffries, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU LDRD at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [14-ERD-041]; US Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DOE-NNSA [DE-NA0002014] FX We thank G. Lander, P. Soderlind, and J. Paglione for valuable comments and discussion. We are very grateful to S. K. McCall and J. R. I. Lee for their assistance with maintaining/operating the cryostat. This work was supported by LDRD (Tracking Code 14-ERD-041) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the US Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Y.K.V. acknowledges support from DOE-NNSA Grant No. DE-NA0002014. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 9 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 18 AR 184406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.184406 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DL9VN UT WOS:000375991500004 ER PT J AU Li, Y Zhu, CJ Hagley, EW Deng, L AF Li, Y. Zhu, C. J. Hagley, E. W. Deng, L. TI Dynamic Onset of Feynman Relation in the Phonon Regime SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; ANDERSON LOCALIZATION AB The Feynman relation, a much celebrated condensed matter physics gemstone for more than 70 years, predicts that the density excitation spectrum and structure factor of a condensed Bosonic system in the phonon regime drops linear and continuously to zero. Until now, this widely accepted monotonic excitation energy drop as the function of reduced quasi-momentum has never been challenged in a spin-preserving process. We show rigorously that in a light-matter wave-mixing process in a Bosonic quantum gas, an optical-dipole potential arising from the internally-generated field can profoundly alter the Feynman relation and result in a new dynamic relation that exhibits an astonishing non-Feynman-like onset and cut-off in the excitation spectrum of the ground state energy of spin-preserving processes. This is the first time that a nonlinear optical process is shown to actively and significantly alter the density excitation response of a quantum gas. Indeed, this dynamic relation with a non-Feynman onset and cut-off has no correspondence in either nonlinear optics of a normal gas or a phonon-based condensed matter Bogoliubov theory. C1 [Li, Y.] E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China. [Zhu, C. J.] Tongji Univ, Sch Phys & Engn Sci, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Hagley, E. W.; Deng, L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lu.deng@nist.gov FU Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (STCSM) [16ZR1409800, 15YF1412400]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [11104075, 11504272]; National Key Basic Research Special Foundation [2013CB632700]; State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Research and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) [T151604] FX This work was supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (STCSM) (No. 16ZR1409800, No. 15YF1412400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 11104075, No. 11504272), The National Key Basic Research Special Foundation (No. 2013CB632700) and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Research and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (No. T151604). NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAY 9 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 25690 DI 10.1038/srep25690 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DL2BI UT WOS:000375437200002 PM 27157438 ER PT J AU Santana-Casiano, JM Fraile-Nuez, E Gonzalez-Davila, M Baker, ET Resing, JA Walker, SL AF Santana-Casiano, J. M. Fraile-Nuez, E. Gonzalez-Davila, M. Baker, E. T. Resing, J. A. Walker, S. L. TI Significant discharge of CO2 from hydrothermalism associated with the submarine volcano of El Hierro Island SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; CANARY-ISLANDS; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DIFFUSE FLOW; ARC VOLCANO; SEAMOUNT; FLUIDS; OCEAN; PLUMES AB The residual hydrothermalism associated with submarine volcanoes, following an eruption event, plays an important role in the supply of CO2 to the ocean. The emitted CO2 increases the acidity of seawater. The submarine volcano of El Hierro, in its degasification stage, provided an excellent opportunity to study the effect of volcanic CO2 on the seawater carbonate system, the global carbon flux, and local ocean acidification. A detailed survey of the volcanic edifice was carried out using seven CTD-pH-ORP tow-yo studies, localizing the redox and acidic changes, which were used to obtain surface maps of anomalies. In order to investigate the temporal variability of the system, two CTD-pH-ORP yo-yo studies were conducted that included discrete sampling for carbonate system parameters. Meridional tow-yos were used to calculate the amount of volcanic CO2 added to the water column for each surveyed section. The inputs of CO2 along multiple sections combined with measurements of oceanic currents produced an estimated volcanic CO2 flux = 6.0 10(5) +/- 1.1 10(5) kg d(-1) which is similar to 0.1% of global volcanic CO2 flux. Finally, the CO2 emitted by El Hierro increases the acidity above the volcano by similar to 20%. C1 [Santana-Casiano, J. M.; Gonzalez-Davila, M.] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Inst Oceanog & Cambio Global IOCAG, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain. [Fraile-Nuez, E.] Inst Espanol Oceanog, Ctr Oceanog Canarias, Santa Cruz De Tenerife 38180, Spain. [Baker, E. T.; Resing, J. A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baker, E. T.; Resing, J. A.; Walker, S. L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Santana-Casiano, JM (reprint author), Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Inst Oceanog & Cambio Global IOCAG, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain. EM magdalena.santana@ulpgc.es FU FEDER; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CTM2012-36317]; NOAA/PMEL Earth-Ocean Interactions Program; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX This study has been supported by funds from FEDER and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the VULCANO project (CTM2012-36317). The authors would like to thank the invaluable work of the officers and crew of the R/V Angeles Alvarino from the Spanish Institute of Oceanography. ETB, JAR, and SLW were supported by the NOAA/PMEL Earth-Ocean Interactions Program and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA10OAR4320148. PMEL contribution 4397, JISAO contribution 2471. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAY 9 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 25686 DI 10.1038/srep25686 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DL2BD UT WOS:000375436700002 PM 27157062 ER PT J AU Beverland, ME Alagic, G Martin, MJ Koller, AP Rey, AM Gorshkov, AV AF Beverland, Michael E. Alagic, Gorjan Martin, Michael J. Koller, Andrew P. Rey, Ana M. Gorshkov, Alexey V. TI Realizing exactly solvable SU(N) magnets with thermal atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK; SPIN-EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; QUANTUM COMPUTATION; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; POLAR-MOLECULES; FERMI GAS; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; STATES; ENTANGLEMENT AB We show that n thermal fermionic alkaline-earth-metal atoms in a flat-bottom trap allow one to robustly implement a spin model displaying two symmetries: the S-n symmetry that permutes atoms occupying different vibrational levels of the trap and the SU(N) symmetry associated with N nuclear spin states. The symmetries make the model exactly solvable, which, in turn, enables the analytic study of dynamical processes such as spin diffusion in this SU(N) system. We also show how to use this system to generate entangled states that allow for Heisenberg-limited metrology. This highly symmetric spin model should be experimentally realizable even when the vibrational levels are occupied according to a high-temperature thermal or an arbitrary nonthermal distribution. C1 [Beverland, Michael E.; Martin, Michael J.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Alagic, Gorjan] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Math Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Koller, Andrew P.; Rey, Ana M.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Koller, Andrew P.; Rey, Ana M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gorshkov, Alexey V.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gorshkov, Alexey V.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Beverland, ME (reprint author), CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; Alagic, Gorjan/0000-0002-0107-6037 FU NSF [IQIM-PFC-1125565, JQI-PFC-0822671, JQI-PFC-1430094, JILA-PFC-1125844]; NSF-PIF; NIST; ARO; ARL; ARO-DARPA-OLE; AFOSR; AFOSR MURI; Lee A. DuBridge foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore foundation; Department of Defense through the NDSEG program FX We thank S. Jordan, J. Haah, J. Preskill, K. Hazzard, G. Campbell, E. Tiesinga, and D. Barker for discussions. M.E.B. and A.V.G. acknowledge the Centro de Ciencias de Benasque Pedro Pascual for its hospitality. This work was supported by NSF IQIM-PFC-1125565, NSF JQI-PFC-0822671, NSF JQI-PFC-1430094, NSF JILA-PFC-1125844, NSF-PIF, NIST, ARO, ARL, ARO-DARPA-OLE, AFOSR, AFOSR MURI, and the Lee A. DuBridge and Gordon and Betty Moore foundations. A.P.K. was supported by the Department of Defense through the NDSEG program. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY 6 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 5 AR 051601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.051601 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DL3HN UT WOS:000375524900002 ER PT J AU Miranda, LS Hirano, YM Mills, CE Falconer, A Fenwick, D Marques, AC Collins, AG AF Miranda, Lucilia S. Hirano, Yayoi M. Mills, Claudia E. Falconer, Audrey Fenwick, David Marques, Antonio C. Collins, Allen G. TI Systematics of stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Evolution; Taxonomy; Phylogeny; Medusozoa; Stauromedusae ID PHYLUM-CNIDARIA; PHYLOGENETIC PLACEMENT; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; RDNA DATA; SCYPHOZOA; STAUROMEDUSAE; MODELS; INVERTEBRATES; REASSESSMENT AB Staurozoan classification is highly subjective, based on phylogeny-free inferences, and suborders, families, and genera are commonly defined by homoplasies. Additionally, many characters used in the taxonomy of the group have ontogenetic and intraspecific variation, and demand new and consistent assessments to establish their correct homologies. Consequently, Staurozoa is in need of a thorough systematic revision. The aim of this study is to propose a comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for Staurozoa, providing the first phylogenetic classification for the group. According to our working hypothesis based on a combined set of molecular data (mitochondrial markers COI and 16S, and nuclear markers ITS, 18S, and 28S), the traditional suborders Cleistocarpida (animals with claustrum) and Eleutherocarpida (animals without claustrum) are not monophyletic. Instead, our results show that staurozoans are divided into two groups, herein named Amyostaurida and Myostaurida, which can be distinguished by the absence/presence of interradial longitudinal muscles in the peduncle, respectively. We propose a taxonomic revision at the family and genus levels hat preserves the monophyly of taxa. We provide a key for staurozoan genera and discuss the evolution of the main characters used in staurozoan taxonomy. C1 [Miranda, Lucilia S.; Marques, Antonio C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Hirano, Yayoi M.] Nat Hist Museum & Inst, Coastal Branch, Katsuura, Chiba, Japan. [Mills, Claudia E.] Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. [Mills, Claudia E.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Friday Harbor, WA USA. [Falconer, Audrey] Field Naturalists Club Victoria, Marine Res Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Falconer, Audrey] Museum Victoria, Dept Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Marques, Antonio C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Biol Marinha, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Miranda, LS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM mirandals@ib.usp.br RI Marques, Antonio/E-8049-2011; Miranda, Lucilia/L-4930-2015; OI Marques, Antonio/0000-0002-2884-0541; Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 FU FAPESP [2010/07362-7, 2010/52324-6, 2011/50242-5, 2013/50484-4]; CNPq [474672/2007-7, 142270/2010-5, 563106/2010-7, 562143/2010-6, 477156/2011-8, 305805/2013-4, 165066/2014-8, 445444/2014-2]; CAPES/PDSE [16499/12-3]; NSF [AToL EF-0531779] FX This study was supported by FAPESP 2010/07362-7 (LSM), 2010/52324-6 (ACM), 2011/50242-5 (ACM), 2013/50484-4 (ACM); CNPq 474672/2007-7 (ACM), 142270/2010-5 (LSM), 563106/2010-7 (ACM), 562143/2010-6 (ACM), 477156/2011-8 (ACM), 305805/2013-4 (ACM), 165066/2014-8 (LSM), 445444/2014-2 (ACM); CAPES/PDSE: 16499/12-3 (LSM); and NSF Grant AToL EF-0531779 (to P. Cartwright, AGC, and D. Fautin). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 114 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 11 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD MAY 5 PY 2016 VL 4 AR e1951 DI 10.7717/peerj.1951 PG 48 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM7GX UT WOS:000376526900005 PM 27168970 ER PT J AU Royer, JR Blair, DL Hudson, SD AF Royer, John R. Blair, Daniel L. Hudson, Steven D. TI Rheological Signature of Frictional Interactions in Shear Thickening Suspensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPHERE COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS; NON-BROWNIAN SUSPENSIONS; STOKESIAN DYNAMICS SIMULATION; NORMAL STRESSES; PARTICLE-SIZE; NONCOLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS; VOLUME FRACTION; MICROSTRUCTURE; TRANSITION; VISCOSITY AB Colloidal shear thickening presents a significant challenge because the macroscopic rheology becomes increasingly controlled by the microscopic details of short ranged particle interactions in the shear thickening regime. Our measurements here of the first normal stress difference over a wide range of particle volume fractions elucidate the relative contributions from hydrodynamic lubrication and frictional contact forces, which have been debated. At moderate volume fractions we find N-1 < 0, consistent with hydrodynamic models; however, at higher volume fractions and shear stresses these models break down and we instead observe dilation (N-1 > 0), indicating frictional contact networks. Remarkably, there is no signature of this transition in the viscosity; instead, this change in the sign of N-1 occurs while the shear thickening remains continuous. These results suggest a scenario where shear thickening is driven primarily by the formation of frictional contacts, with hydrodynamic forces playing a supporting role at lower concentrations. Motivated by this picture, we introduce a simple model that combines these frictional and hydrodynamic contributions and accurately fits the measured viscosity over a wide range of particle volume fractions and shear stress. C1 [Royer, John R.; Hudson, Steven D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Royer, John R.] Univ Maryland, IBBR, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Blair, Daniel L.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Blair, Daniel L.] Georgetown Univ, Inst Soft Matter Synth & Metrol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Royer, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Royer, JR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, IBBR, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Blair, Daniel/C-7911-2017 FU NIST [70NANB15H229]; John F. Templeton Foundation [57392]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0847490]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX We thank J. Seppala and E. Del Gado for insightful discussions, and A. Forster for assistance with supplementary tests. D. L. B. acknowledges the support of Cooperative Agreement No. 70NANB15H229 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce, The John F. Templeton Foundation Grant No. 57392 and the National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR-0847490. This work is a contribution of NIST, an agency of the U.S. Government, and not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 5 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 18 AR 188301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.188301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DL5HZ UT WOS:000375669300018 PM 27203345 ER PT J AU Lucon, E AF Lucon, Enrico TI Estimating dynamic ultimate tensile strength from instrumented Charpy data SO MATERIALS & DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Charpy impact test; Dynamic ultimate tensile testing; Strain rate; Tensile behavior; Yield strength ID SPECIMENS; DEFORMATION; FRACTURE; NOTCH AB Instrumented Charpy test data have often been used to obtain estimates of various mechanical properties under elevated loading rates, such as dynamic yield properties. A widely used relationship between Charpy general yield force and dynamic yield strength was originally proposed by Server in 1978. This same relationship, however, cannot be used for estimating the dynamic (ultimate) tensile strength from the Charpy maximum force, since it relies on the ratio between shear and tensile stress, which at general yield is different than at maximum force. In the study described in this paper, we modified Server's relationship in order to obtain reliable, and possibly conservative, estimates of dynamic ultimate tensile strength from the maximum force measured in an instrumented Charpy test. Once more experimental data has been accumulated, the results of this investigation might have significant implications for the revision of fracture mechanics test standards which utilize dynamic ultimate tensile properties for the qualification/validation of fracture toughness tests conducted at elevated loading rates. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lucon, Enrico] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Lucon, E (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM enrico.lucon@nist.gov OI Lucon, Enrico/0000-0002-3021-4785 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-3069 EI 1873-4197 J9 MATER DESIGN JI Mater. Des. PD MAY 5 PY 2016 VL 97 BP 437 EP 443 DI 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.02.116 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DH0XD UT WOS:000372506500052 ER PT J AU Liu, DM Zhang, ZL Zhou, SL Huang, QZ Deng, XJ Yue, M Liu, CX Zhang, JX Lynn, JW AF Liu, D. M. Zhang, Z. L. Zhou, S. L. Huang, Q. Z. Deng, X. J. Yue, M. Liu, C. X. Zhang, J. X. Lynn, J. W. TI A pathway to optimize the properties of magnetocaloric Mn2-xFexP1-yGey for magnetic refrigeration SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Magnetocaloric effect; MnFePGe compound; First-order transition; Neutron diffraction ID MN1.2FE0.8P1-XGEX COMPOUNDS; PHASE-TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE; ENTROPY AB Magnetocaloric materials can be useful in magnetic refrigeration applications, but to be practical the magneto-refrigerant needs to have a very large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) near room temperature for modest applied fields (<2 T) with small hysteresis and magnetostriction, and should have a complete magnetic transition, and environmentally friendly. One system that may fulfill these requirements is Mn2-xFexP1-yGey, where a combined first-order structural and magnetic transition occurs between the high temperature paramagnetic and low temperature ferromagnetic phase. We have used neutron diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and magnetization measurements to study the effects of Mn and Ge location in the structure on the ordered magnetic moment, MCE, and hysteresis for a series of compositions of the system near optimal doping. The diffraction results indicate that the Mn ions located on the 3f site enhance the desirable properties, while those located on the 3 g sites are detrimental. The phase fraction that transforms, hysteresis of the transition, and entropy change can be affected greatly by both the compositional homogeneity and the particle size, and an annealing procedure has been developed that substantially improves the performance of all three properties of the material. We also establish a correlation between applied magnetic field to complete the transition and the temperature range of coexistence of the PM and FM phase. On the basis of these results we have identified a pathway to understand the nature and to optimize the MCE properties of this system for magnetic refrigeration applications. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, D. M.; Zhang, Z. L.; Deng, X. J.; Liu, C. X.] Beijing Univ Technol, Inst Microstruct & Property Adv Mat, Beijing Key Lab Microstruct & Property Adv Mat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. [Liu, D. M.; Zhou, S. L.; Yue, M.; Zhang, J. X.] Beijing Univ Technol, Key Lab Adv Funct Mat, Educ Minist China, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. [Huang, Q. Z.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, DM (reprint author), Beijing Univ Technol, Inst Microstructure & Property Adv Mat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. EM dmliu@bjut.edu.cn OI Lynn, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3626-4932 FU Natural Science Foundation of Beijing [KZ201410005005]; Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20121103110028] FX The authors are grateful to Anthony Santoro for valuable discussions and the BL08U Beam line of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) for the synchrotron radiation X-ray measurements. This work supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (KZ201410005005) and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20121103110028). The identification any commercial products does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 5 PY 2016 VL 666 BP 108 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.01.074 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DD0AD UT WOS:000369581800017 ER PT J AU Luo, F Yan, CS Dang, LL Krishna, R Zhou, W Wu, H Dong, XL Han, Y Hu, TL O'Keeffe, M Wang, LL Luo, MB Lin, RB Chen, BL AF Luo, Feng Yan, Changsheng Dang, Lilong Krishna, Rajamani Zhou, Wei Wu, Hui Dong, Xinglong Han, Yu Hu, Tong-Lian O'Keeffe, Michael Wang, Lingling Luo, Mingbiao Lin, Rui-Biao Chen, Banglin TI UTSA-74: A MOF-74 Isomer with Two Accessible Binding Sites per Metal Center for Highly Selective Gas Separation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POROUS COORDINATION POLYMER; ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS MOFS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ADSORPTIVE SEPARATION; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SURFACE-AREA; NATURAL-GAS; ACETYLENE; CO2 AB A new metal-organic framework Zn-2(H2O)-(dobdc)center dot 0.5(H2O) (UTSA-74, H4dobdc = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid), Zn-MOF-74/CPO-27-Zn isomer, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. It has a novel four coordinated fgl topology with one-dimensional channels of about 8.0 A. Unlike metal sites in the well established MOF-74 with a rod-packing structure in which each of them is in a five coordinate square pyramidal coordination geometry, there are two different Zn2+ sites within the binuclear secondary building units in UTSA-74 in which one of them (Znl) is in a tetrahedral while another (Zn2) in an octahedral coordination geometry. After activation, the two axial water molecules on Zn2 sites can be removed, generating UTSA-74a with two accessible gas binding sites per Zn2 ion. Accordingly, UTSA-74a takes up a moderately high and comparable amount of acetylene (145 cm(3)/cm(3)) to Zn-MOF-74. Interestingly, the accessible Zn2+ sites in UTSA-74a are bridged by carbon dioxide molecules instead of being terminally bound in Zn-MOF-74, so UTSA-74a adsorbs a much smaller amount of carbon dioxide (90 cm3/cm3) than Zn-MOF-74 (146 cm3/cm3) at room temperature and 1 bar,, leading to a superior MOF material for highly selective C2H2/CO2 separation. X-ray crystal structures, gas sorption isotherms, molecular modeling, and simulated and experimental breakthroughs comprehensively support this result. C1 [Luo, Feng; Yan, Changsheng; Dang, Lilong; Wang, Lingling; Luo, Mingbiao] East China Univ Technol, Sch Biol Chem & Mat Sci, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi, Peoples R China. [Krishna, Rajamani] Univ Amsterdam, Vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dong, Xinglong; Han, Yu] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Adv Membranes & Porous Mat Ctr, Phys Sci & Engn Div, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Hu, Tong-Lian] Nankai Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Natl Inst Adv Mat, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Chem Sci & Engn Tianjin, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. [O'Keeffe, Michael; Chen, Banglin] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lin, Rui-Biao; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Chen, BL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Lin, Rui-Biao/P-5798-2014; Hu, Tong-Liang/A-9099-2012; Krishna, Rajamani/A-1098-2012 OI Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Lin, Rui-Biao/0000-0003-3267-220X; Hu, Tong-Liang/0000-0001-9619-9867; Krishna, Rajamani/0000-0002-4784-8530 FU NSF of China [21203022, 21261001, 21361001]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China [20143ACB20002]; Young Scientist Training Program of Jiangxi Province of China [20142BCB23018]; KAUST for the Competitive Research Funds [FCC/1/1972-02-01]; Welch Foundation [AX-1730] FX This work was supported by the NSF of China (21203022, 21261001, 21361001), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China (no. 20143ACB20002), the Young Scientist Training Program of Jiangxi Province of China (no. 20142BCB23018), KAUST for the Competitive Research Funds (FCC/1/1972-02-01), and the Welch Foundation (AX-1730). NR 80 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 68 U2 178 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 4 PY 2016 VL 138 IS 17 BP 5678 EP 5684 DI 10.1021/jacs.6b02030 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DL3GB UT WOS:000375521100034 PM 27113684 ER PT J AU Christopher, SJ Vetter, TW AF Christopher, Steven J. Vetter, Thomas W. TI Application of Microwave-Induced Combustion and Isotope Dilution Strategies for Quantification of Sulfur in Coals via Sector-Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; FOSSIL-FUELS; CRUDE-OIL; DIGESTION; HALOGENS AB In recent years, microwave-induced combustion (MIC) has proved to be a robust sample preparation technique for difficult-to-digest samples containing high carbon content, especially for determination of halogens and sulfur. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has applied the MIC methodology in combination with isotope dilution analysis for sulfur determinations, representing the first-reported combination of this robust sample preparation methodology and high-accuracy quantification approach. Medium-resolution mode sector-field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was invoked to avoid spectral interferences on the sulfur isotopes. The sample preparation and instrumental analysis scheme was used for the value assignment of total sulfur in Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2682c Subbituminous Coal (nominal mass fraction 0.5% sulfur). A description of the analytical procedures required is provided, along with metrological results, including an estimation of the overall method uncertainty (<1.5% relative expanded uncertainty) calculated using the IDMS measurement function and a I for a series of simulated glass-forming Cu-Zr metallic liquids having a range of alloy compositions. After validating this relationship between the picosecond ('fast') and long-time relaxation dynamics over the full range of temperatures and alloy compositions investigated in our simulations, we show that it is also possible to estimate the self-diffusion coefficients of the individual atomic species (D-Cu, D-Zr) and the average diffusion coefficient D using the LM, in conjunction with the empirical fractional Stokes-Einstein (FSE) relation linking these diffusion coefficients to tau(alpha). We further observe that the fragility and extent of decoupling between D and tau(alpha) strongly correlate with < u(2)> at the onset temperature of glass-formation T-A where particle caging and the breakdown of Arrhenius relaxation first emerge. C1 [Douglas, Jack F.; Betancourt, Beatriz A. Pazmino] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tong, Xuhang; Zhang, Hao] Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Calgary, AB T6G 1H9, Canada. RP Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Calgary, AB T6G 1H9, Canada. EM jack.douglas@nist.gov; hao.zhang@ualberta.ca RI Zhang, Hao/A-3272-2008 NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD MAY PY 2016 AR 054048 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2016/05/054048 PG 22 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA DM7HP UT WOS:000376529600075 ER PT J AU Montelius, K Kline, M Nilsson, H Kumlin, J Tillmar, A AF Montelius, Kerstin Kline, Margaret Nilsson, Helena Kumlin, Jonny Tillmar, Andreas TI Swedish population data of PowerPlex ESI 17 including the new allele 16.1 in D1S1656 SO LEGAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GENETICS C1 [Montelius, Kerstin; Nilsson, Helena; Kumlin, Jonny; Tillmar, Andreas] Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Genet & Forens Toxicol, Artillerigatan 12, S-58758 Linkoping, Sweden. [Kline, Margaret] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Montelius, K (reprint author), Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Genet & Forens Toxicol, Artillerigatan 12, S-58758 Linkoping, Sweden. EM kerstin.montelius@gmail.com FU National Board of Forensic Medicine, Sweden FX This study was approved and funded by the National Board of Forensic Medicine, Sweden. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1344-6223 J9 LEGAL MED-TOKYO JI Leg. Med. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 20 BP 37 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.03.009 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Legal Medicine; Biomedical Social Sciences GA DM9RU UT WOS:000376704200010 PM 27161921 ER PT J AU Foote, AD Vijay, N Avila-Arcos, MC Baird, RW Durban, JW Fumagalli, M Gibbs, RA Hanson, MB Korneliussen, TS Martin, MD Robertson, KM Sousa, VC Vieira, FG Vinar, T Wade, P Worley, KC Excoffier, L Morin, PA Gilbert, MTP Wolf, JBW AF Foote, Andrew D. Vijay, Nagarjun Avila-Arcos, Maria C. Baird, Robin W. Durban, John W. Fumagalli, Matteo Gibbs, Richard A. Hanson, M. Bradley Korneliussen, Thorfinn S. Martin, Michael D. Robertson, Kelly M. Sousa, Vitor C. Vieira, Filipe G. Vinar, Tomas Wade, Paul Worley, Kim C. Excoffier, Laurent Morin, Phillip A. Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Wolf, Jochen B. W. TI Genome-culture coevolution promotes rapid divergence of killer whale ecotypes SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION SEQUENCING DATA; POPULATION-SIZE CHANGES; GENE FLOW; ORCINUS-ORCA; EVOLUTION; SPECIATION; LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY; SELECTION; HISTORY AB Analysing population genomic data from killer whale ecotypes, which we estimate have globally radiated within less than 250,000 years, we show that genetic structuring including the segregation of potentially functional alleles is associated with socially inherited ecological niche. Reconstruction of ancestral demographic history revealed bottlenecks during founder events, likely promoting ecological divergence and genetic drift resulting in a wide range of genome-wide differentiation between pairs of allopatric and sympatric ecotypes. Functional enrichment analyses provided evidence for regional genomic divergence associated with habitat, dietary preferences and post-zygotic reproductive isolation. Our findings are consistent with expansion of small founder groups into novel niches by an initial plastic behavioural response, perpetuated by social learning imposing an altered natural selection regime. The study constitutes an important step towards an understanding of the complex interaction between demographic history, culture, ecological adaptation and evolution at the genomic level. C1 [Foote, Andrew D.; Vijay, Nagarjun; Wolf, Jochen B. W.] Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Norbyvagen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Foote, Andrew D.; Avila-Arcos, Maria C.; Korneliussen, Thorfinn S.; Martin, Michael D.; Vieira, Filipe G.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, Oster Volgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Foote, Andrew D.; Sousa, Vitor C.; Excoffier, Laurent] Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Computat & Mol Populat Genet Lab, Baltzerstr 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Avila-Arcos, Maria C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baird, Robin W.] Cascadia Res, 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Durban, John W.; Robertson, Kelly M.; Morin, Phillip A.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fumagalli, Matteo] UCL, UCL Genet Inst, Dept Genet Evolut & Environm, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Gibbs, Richard A.; Worley, Kim C.] Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Dept Mol & Human Genet, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hanson, M. Bradley] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Vinar, Tomas] Comenius Univ, Fac Math Phys & Informat, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia. [Wade, Paul] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gilbert, M. Thomas P.] Curtin Univ, Dept Environm & Agr, Trace & Environm DNA Lab, Perth, WA 6102, Australia. [Wolf, Jochen B. W.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Sci Life Lab, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Wolf, Jochen B. W.] Univ Munich, Dept Biol 2, Sect Evolutionary Biol, Grosshaderner Str 2, D-82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany. RP Foote, AD; Wolf, JBW (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Norbyvagen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.; Foote, AD (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, Oster Volgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.; Foote, AD (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Computat & Mol Populat Genet Lab, Baltzerstr 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.; Wolf, JBW (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Sci Life Lab, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.; Wolf, JBW (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Biol 2, Sect Evolutionary Biol, Grosshaderner Str 2, D-82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany. EM footead@gmail.com; jochen.wolf@ebc.uu.se RI Vinar, Tomas/I-3695-2014; Sousa, Vitor/P-1871-2016; Garrett Vieira, Filipe/B-9464-2015; Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand/F-6421-2014 OI Vinar, Tomas/0000-0003-3898-3447; Sousa, Vitor/0000-0003-3575-0875; Garrett Vieira, Filipe/0000-0002-8464-7770; Fumagalli, Matteo/0000-0002-4084-2953; Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand/0000-0001-7576-5380 FU Marie Curie IEF 'KWAF10' grant; Lawksi Foundation; European Research Council [ERCStG-336536]; Danish National Research Foundation [DNRF94]; Swiss SNSF Grant [31003A-143393]; ESF Research Networking Programme ConGenOmics; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing FX The project was funded by a Marie Curie IEF 'KWAF10' and Lawksi Foundation grants to A.D.F.; European Research Council grant ERCStG-336536 to J.B.W.W.; a Danish National Research Foundation grant DNRF94 to M.T.P.G.; by Swiss SNSF Grant 31003A-143393 to L.E.; and by a short visit grant to A.D.F. from the ESF Research Networking Programme ConGenOmics. We acknowledge The Danish National High-Throughput DNA Sequencing Centre for sequencing the samples and, particularly, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Lillian Petersen, Cecilie Demring Mortensen, Kim Magnussen and Ian Lissimore for technical support. Large-scale computational effort was made possible by the UPPMAX next-generation sequencing cluster and storage facility (UPPNEX), funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing. Heng Li, Richard Durbin, Line Skotte, Anders Albrechtsen, Stephan Schiffels, Lounes Chikhi and Rasmus Nielsen provided useful feedback and discussions on the methods. We thank Willy Rodriguez for providing scripts for the ms simulations. Mike Ford and Kim Parsons provided useful feedback on an earlier draft of this manuscript. We thank Paul Fiedler for providing the map used in Fig. 1 and Uko Gorter for providing the illustrations of killer whale ecotypes, and Robert Pitman's support and input throughout this project. We are grateful to M. Ford, K. Parsons, A. Burdin, M. Dahlheim, R. Pitman, the SWFSC Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Research Collection, and to the International Whaling Commission for providing samples. We dedicate this work to the memory of Eva Saulitis, whose rich legacy includes an invaluable contribution to the foundations of our understanding of killer whale biology, without which this study would not have been possible. NR 69 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 36 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 7 AR 11693 DI 10.1038/ncomms11693 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DN1KD UT WOS:000376823800001 PM 27243207 ER PT J AU Van Tilburg, H AF Van Tilburg, Hans TI Underwater Survey of Historic US Navy Seaplane Details Revealed of Catalina PBY-5 Lost in Pearl Harbor Attack SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Van Tilburg, Hans] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Maritime Heritage Program, Honolulu, HI USA. [Van Tilburg, Hans] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Van Tilburg, H (reprint author), NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Maritime Heritage Program, Honolulu, HI USA.; Van Tilburg, H (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Honolulu, HI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 57 IS 5 BP 27 EP 29 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA DM3DS UT WOS:000376227600008 ER PT J AU Johnson, DS Laake, JL Melin, SR DeLong, RL AF Johnson, Devin S. Laake, Jeff L. Melin, Sharon R. DeLong, Robert L. TI Multivariate State Hidden Markov Models for Mark-Recapture Data SO STATISTICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Capture-recapture; Cormack-Jolly-Seber; hidden Markov model; multivariate; partial observation; state uncertainty ID NORTHERN FUR SEALS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; RECOVERY MODELS; PROGRAM MARK; SURVIVAL; ANIMALS; POPULATION; MULTIEVENT; MOVEMENT AB State-based Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) models have become an often used method for assessing states or conditions of free-ranging animals through time. Although originally envisioned to account for differences in survival and observation processes when animals are moving though various geographical strata, the model has evolved to model vital rates in different life-history or diseased states. We further extend this useful class of models to the case of multivariate state data. Researchers can record values of several different states of interest, for example, geographic location and reproductive state. Traditionally, these would be aggregated into one state with a single probability of state uncertainty. However, by modeling states as a multivariate vector, one can account for partial knowledge of the vector as well as dependence between the state variables in a parsimonious way. A hidden Markov model (HMM) formulation allows straightforward maximum likelihood inference. The proposed HMM models are demonstrated with a case study using data from a California sea lion vital rates study. C1 [Johnson, Devin S.; Laake, Jeff L.; Melin, Sharon R.; DeLong, Robert L.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Johnson, DS; Laake, JL; Melin, SR; DeLong, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. EM devin.johnson@noaa.gov; jeff.laake@noaa.gov; sharon.melin@noaa.gov; bob.delong@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0883-4237 J9 STAT SCI JI Stat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1214/15-STS542 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA DM7DW UT WOS:000376516700009 ER PT J AU Bravington, MV Skaug, HJ Anderson, EC AF Bravington, Mark V. Skaug, Hans J. Anderson, Eric C. TI Close-Kin Mark-Recapture SO STATISTICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Demography; genetics; kinship; mark-recapture; pseudo-likelihood ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GENOTYPING ERRORS; RECONSTRUCTION; MODELS; DISCOVERY; INFERENCE; SAMPLES; AGE AB Mark-recapture (MR) methods are commonly used to study wildlife populations. Taking advantage of modern genetics one can generalize from "recapture of self" to "recapture of closely-related kin". Abundance and other demographic parameters of adults can then be estimated using, if necessary, only samples from dead animals (live-release is optional). This greatly widens the scope of MR, e.g. to commercial fisheries where large-scale tagging is impractical, and enhances the power of conventional MR studies where live release and tissue sampling is possible. We give explicit formulae for kinship (i.e., recapture) probabilities in general and specific cases. These yield a pseudo-likelihood based on pairwise comparisons of individuals in the samples. It is shown that the pseudo-likelihood approximates the full likelihood under sparse sampling of large populations. Experimental design is addressed via the principle of maximizing the Fisher information for parameters of interest. Finally, we discuss challenges related to kinship determination from genetic data, focusing on current limitations and future possibilities. C1 [Bravington, Mark V.] CSIRO Marine Lab, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Skaug, Hans J.] Univ Bergen, Dept Math, POB 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Anderson, Eric C.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Bravington, MV (reprint author), CSIRO Marine Lab, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.; Skaug, HJ (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Math, POB 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.; Anderson, EC (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Mark.Bravington@csiro.au; skaug@math.uib.no; Eric.Anderson@noaa.gov FU Marine Biodiversity Hub of the Australian Government's NESP; Norwegian Research Council [215867]; [NSF-OCE-1260693] FX This work was initiated when Hans J. Skaug and Mark Bravington were sabbatical visitors to the Center for Stock Assessment Research (CSTAR), a partnership between UCSC and NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz. Eric C. Anderson was supported by NSF-OCE-1260693, Mark Bravington by the Marine Biodiversity Hub of the Australian Government's NESP, and Hans J. Skaug by the Norwegian Research Council Grant 215867. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 7 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0883-4237 J9 STAT SCI JI Stat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 259 EP 274 DI 10.1214/16-STS552 PG 16 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA DM7DW UT WOS:000376516700011 ER PT J AU Voas, J Schaffer, K AF Voas, Jeffrey Schaffer, Kim TI Insights on Formal Methods in Cybersecurity SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article ID VERIFICATION; SYSTEM AB Seven experts weigh in on the current use and practice of formal methods in cybersecurity. C1 [Voas, Jeffrey] IEEE, Northampton, England. [Schaffer, Kim] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Voas, J (reprint author), IEEE, Northampton, England.; Schaffer, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Baltimore, MD USA. EM j.voas@ieee.org; kim.schaffer@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD MAY PY 2016 VL 49 IS 5 BP 102 EP 105 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA DM1GH UT WOS:000376092900017 ER PT J AU Seara, T Clay, PM Colburn, LL AF Seara, Tarsila Clay, Patricia M. Colburn, Lisa L. TI Perceived adaptive capacity and natural disasters: A fisheries case study SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive capacity; Natural disasters; Fisheries; Hurricane Sandy; Resilience; Perceptions ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; SOCIAL RESILIENCE; JOB-SATISFACTION; NORTHEAST REGION; UNITED-STATES; VULNERABILITY; COMMUNITIES; ADAPTATION AB Fishermen may be increasingly impacted by natural disasters, given sea level rise and the likely increased frequency and severity of storms associated with climate change. Planning for resiliency in the face of these disasters requires understanding the factors that influence fishermen's capacity to adapt. The paper examines perceptions of adaptive capacity of New York and New Jersey commercial and for-hire fishermen one year after Hurricane Sandy. Subjective adaptive capacity to changes in the fishery in general and those caused by natural disasters was assessed. A comparison between commercial and for hire fishermen revealed important differences and similarities with regard to attributes influencing their perceived adaptive capacity. While both groups show high levels of coping capacity in general, for-hire fishermen presented more confidence in their ability to obtain work and income outside the fishery while commercial fishermen were more confident in their ability to remain in fishing. For both groups, those that suffered more intense impacts from the storm had more negative levels of perceived adaptive capacity. Understanding the perceived adaptive capacity of commercial and for-hire fishermen can help researchers and policy makers better understand and address each sector's response to impacts of future natural disasters and human driven changes. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Seara, Tarsila; Colburn, Lisa L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Clay, Patricia M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Seara, T (reprint author), Univ New Haven, 300 Boston Post Rd, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. EM tseara@newhaven.edu; patricia.m.clay@noaa.gov; lisa.l.colburn@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries FX Funding for the research upon which the article is based was provided by NOAA Fisheries. Opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of NOAA Fisheries. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3780 EI 1872-9495 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 38 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.01.006 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA DL8IS UT WOS:000375886300007 ER PT J AU Kumar, VV Protat, A Jakob, C Williams, CR Rauniyar, S Stephens, GL May, PT AF Kumar, Vickal V. Protat, Alain Jakob, Christian Williams, Christopher R. Rauniyar, Surendra Stephens, Graeme L. May, Peter T. TI The Estimation of Convective Mass Flux from Radar Reflectivities SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL WIND-FIELD; VERTICAL VELOCITY; DIFFERENTIAL REFLECTIVITY; DOPPLER RADAR; CUMULONIMBUS; RETRIEVAL; STORM; PERSPECTIVE; ENVIRONMENT; INTENSITY AB Cumulus parameterizations in general circulation models (GCMs) frequently apply mass-flux schemes in their description of tropical convection. Mass flux constitutes the product of the fractional area covered by cumulus clouds in a model grid box and the vertical velocity within the cumulus clouds. The cumulus area fraction profiles can be derived from precipitating radar reflectivity volumes. However, the vertical velocities are difficult to observe, making the evaluation of mass-flux schemes difficult. In this paper, the authors develop and evaluate a parameterization of vertical velocity in convective (cumulus) clouds using only radar reflectivities collected by a C-band polarimetric research radar (CPOL), operating at Darwin, Australia. The parameterization is trained using vertical velocity retrievals from a dual-frequency wind profiler pair located within the field of view of CPOL. The parametric model uses two inputs derived from CPOL reflectivities: the 0-dBZ echo-top height (0-dBZ ETH) and a height-weighted column reflectivity index (ZHWT). The 0-dBZ ETH determines the shape of the vertical velocity profile, while ZHWT determines its strength. The evaluation of these parameterized vertical velocities using (i) the training dataset, (ii) an independent wind-profiler-based dataset, and (iii) 1 month of dual-Doppler vertical velocity retrievals indicates that the statistical representation of vertical velocity is reasonably accurate up to the 75th percentile. However, the parametric model underestimates the extreme velocities. The method allows for the derivation of cumulus mass flux and its variability on current GCM scales based only on reflectivities from precipitating radar, which could be valuable to modelers. C1 [Kumar, Vickal V.; Jakob, Christian] Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Kumar, Vickal V.; Jakob, Christian] Monash Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Protat, Alain; Rauniyar, Surendra; May, Peter T.] CSIRO, Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Christopher R.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Stephens, Graeme L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kumar, VV (reprint author), CSIRO, POB 1386 Haymarket, Haymarket, NSW 1240, Australia.; Kumar, VV (reprint author), Australian Bur Meteorol, Space Weather Serv, POB 1386 Haymarket, Haymarket, NSW 1240, Australia. EM v.kumar@bom.gov.au RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015; Jakob, Christian/A-1082-2010 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850; Jakob, Christian/0000-0002-5012-3207 FU U.S. Department of Energy ARM Program [DE-FG02-09ER64742]; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science FX This work has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy ARM Program (DE-FG02-09ER64742) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science. We acknowledge the contributions of Brad Atkinson and Michael Whimpey in supporting the Darwin observatory and data management. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1239 EP 1257 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0193.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM3IS UT WOS:000376240700001 ER PT J AU Verevkin, SP Emel'yanenko, VN Pozdeev, VA Diky, V Chirico, RD Kroenlein, K AF Verevkin, Sergey P. Emel'yanenko, Vladimir N. Pozdeev, Vasiliy A. Diky, Vladimir Chirico, Robert D. Kroenlein, Kenneth TI Thermodynamic Properties of N-Methyl-Substituted Ethane-1,2-diamines: Experimental and Computational Study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; MOLAR HEAT-CAPACITIES; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; VAPOR-PRESSURES; LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PURE COMPOUNDS; ENTHALPIES; AMINES AB Vapor pressures for four N-methyl-substituted ethane-1,2-diamines were measured using the transpiration method. Enthalpies of vaporization were derived from the temperature dependence of the vapor pressures. Consistency of the experimental data was assessed and confirmed with group-additivity (GA) and quantum-chemical (QC) methods. Further confirmation of the results is provided through combined assessment with properties reported in the literature for the parent compound ethane-1,2-diamine and a group of alkyl-substituted alkane-1,2-diamines. The effective application of modern QC methods in critical evaluation of enthalpies of vaporization and enthalpies of formation is demonstrated. C1 [Verevkin, Sergey P.; Pozdeev, Vasiliy A.] Univ Rostock, Dept Phys Chem, Dr Lorenz Weg 1, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. [Verevkin, Sergey P.; Pozdeev, Vasiliy A.] Univ Rostock, Dept Sci & Technol Life Light & Matter, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. [Verevkin, Sergey P.; Emel'yanenko, Vladimir N.] Kazan Fed Univ, Dept Phys Chem, Kazan 420008, Russia. [Pozdeev, Vasiliy A.] Samara State Tech Univ, Samara 443100, Russia. [Diky, Vladimir; Chirico, Robert D.; Kroenlein, Kenneth] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Thermodynam Res Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Verevkin, SP (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Dept Phys Chem, Dr Lorenz Weg 1, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.; Verevkin, SP (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Dept Sci & Technol Life Light & Matter, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.; Verevkin, SP (reprint author), Kazan Fed Univ, Dept Phys Chem, Kazan 420008, Russia.; Kroenlein, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Thermodynam Res Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.verevkin@uni-rostock.de; kenneth.kroenlein@nist.gov FU Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University; DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst) FX This work has been partly (VNE) supported by the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University. One author (VAP) acknowledges gratefully a research scholarship from the DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst). NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAY PY 2016 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1811 EP 1820 DI 10.1021/acs.jced.5b01003 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA DL9NF UT WOS:000375969300013 ER PT J AU Melet, A Legg, S Hallberg, R AF Melet, Angelique Legg, Sonya Hallberg, Robert TI Climatic Impacts of Parameterized Local and Remote Tidal Mixing SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN GENERAL-CIRCULATION; OREGON CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVES; DEEP-OCEAN; HAWAIIAN RIDGE; PART I; TURBULENT DISSIPATION; ENERGY FLUX; KAENA RIDGE; SUPERCRITICAL TOPOGRAPHY AB Turbulent mixing driven by breaking internal tides plays a primary role in the meridional overturning and oceanic heat budget. Most current climate models explicitly parameterize only the local dissipation of internal tides at the generation sites, representing the remote dissipation of low-mode internal tides that propagate away through a uniform background diffusivity. In this study, a simple energetically consistent parameterization of the low-mode internal-tide dissipation is derived and implemented in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model with GOLD component (GFDL-ESM2G). The impact of remote and local internal-tide dissipation on the ocean state is examined using a series of simulations with the same total amount of energy input for mixing, but with different scalings of the vertical profile of dissipation with the stratification and with different idealized scenarios for the distribution of the low-mode internal-tide energy dissipation: uniformly over ocean basins, continental slopes, or continental shelves. In these idealized scenarios, the ocean state, including the meridional overturning circulation, ocean ventilation, main thermocline thickness, and ocean heat uptake, is particularly sensitive to the vertical distribution of mixing by breaking low-mode internal tides. Less sensitivity is found to the horizontal distribution of mixing, provided that distribution is in the open ocean. Mixing on coastal shelves only impacts the large-scale circulation and water mass properties where it modifies water masses originating on shelves. More complete descriptions of the distribution of the remote part of internal-tide-drivenmixing, particularly in the vertical and relative to water mass formation regions, are therefore required to fully parameterize ocean turbulent mixing. C1 [Melet, Angelique; Legg, Sonya] Princeton Univ, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Melet, Angelique; Legg, Sonya; Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Melet, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.; Melet, A (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM angelique.melet@noaa.gov RI Legg, Sonya/E-5995-2010 FU National Science Fundation [OCE-0968721]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752] FX The authors thank Stephen Griffies and Rong Zhang for reviewing early versions of this manuscript, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments leading to improvements in the manuscript. This work is the internal-wave driven mixing component of the Climate Process Team funded by the National Science Fundation (Grant OCE-0968721) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce (Award NA08OAR4320752). The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 114 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 29 IS 10 BP 3473 EP 3500 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0153.1 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL9GS UT WOS:000375950400001 ER PT J AU Pei, LS Moore, N Zhong, SY Kendall, AD Gao, ZQ Hyndman, DW AF Pei, Lisi Moore, Nathan Zhong, Shiyuan Kendall, Anthony D. Gao, Zhiqiu Hyndman, David W. TI Effects of Irrigation on Summer Precipitation over the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; LOW-LEVEL JET; NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS; LAND-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS; CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; SURFACE FLUXES; SOIL-MOISTURE; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; SEASON PRECIPITATION AB Irrigation's effects on precipitation during an exceptionally dry summer (June-August 2012) in the United States were quantified by incorporating a novel dynamic irrigation scheme into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The scheme is designed to represent a typical application strategy for farmlands across the conterminous United States (CONUS) and a satellite-derived irrigation map was incorporated into the WRF-Noah-Mosaic module to realistically trigger the irrigation. Results show that this new irrigation approach can dynamically generate irrigation water amounts that are in close agreement with the actual irrigation water amounts across the high plains (HP), where the prescribed scheme best matches real-world irrigation practices. Surface energy and water budgets have been substantially altered by irrigation, leading to modified large-scale atmospheric circulations. In the studied dry summer, irrigation was found to strengthen the dominant interior high pressure system over the southern and central United States and deepen the trough over the upper Midwest. For the HP and central United States, the rainfall amount is slightly reduced over irrigated areas, likely as a result of a reduction in both local convection and large-scale moisture convergence resulting from interactions and feedbacks between the land surface and atmosphere. In areas downwind of heavily irrigated regions, precipitation is enhanced, resulting in a 20%-100% reduction in the dry biases (relative to the observations) simulated over a large portion of the downwind areas without irrigation in the model. The introduction of irrigation reduces the overall mean biases and root-mean-square errors in the simulated daily precipitation over the CONUS. C1 [Pei, Lisi; Gao, Zhiqiu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Pei, Lisi] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Pei, Lisi; Moore, Nathan; Zhong, Shiyuan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pei, Lisi; Moore, Nathan; Zhong, Shiyuan] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kendall, Anthony D.; Hyndman, David W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pei, Lisi] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Pei, Lisi] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Pei, LS (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM lisipei@msu.edu RI Hyndman, David/G-1576-2010 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (Water Sustainability and Climate) [1039180]; USDA NIFA Water CAP Award [2015-68007-23133]; National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973) [2012CB417203]; AgBioResearch program at Michigan State University; NCAR Command Language (NCAR) FX This research was supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Water Sustainability and Climate 1039180). Partial support was also provided by the USDA NIFA Water CAP Award 2015-68007-23133, the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973) under Grant 2012CB417203, and the AgBioResearch program at Michigan State University. We thank Dr. Keith Harding at University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, and Dr. Mutlu Ozdogan at University of Wisconsin-Madison for helpful discussions. We also acknowledge the UCAR/NCAR Computational and Information Systems Lab for the high-performance computing resources and the visualization support from the NCAR Command Language (NCAR 2012). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies. NR 85 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 29 IS 10 BP 3541 EP 3558 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0337.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL9GS UT WOS:000375950400004 ER PT J AU Wang, J Oey, LY AF Wang, Jia Oey, Lie Yauw TI Seasonal Exchanges of the Kuroshio and Shelf Waters and Their Impacts on the Shelf Currents of the East China Sea SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TSUSHIMA WARM CURRENT; TYPHOON NURI 2008; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ONSHORE INTRUSION; WINTER MONSOON; SATELLITE DATA; OCEAN MODEL; YELLOW SEA; TAIWAN; VARIABILITY AB Previous in situ observations and modeling studies have indicated that, through mass and momentum exchanges across the shelf edge, the Kuroshio can significantly influence the shelf currents of the East China Sea (ECS). Here, instead of localized observations, this study uses 25 yr of drifter data, supported by satellite and other data to identify seasonal cross-shelf exchanges along the entire shelf edge. The authors show that Kuroshio meanders onshore from fall to winter and offshore from spring to summer, with the largest amplitude northeast of Taiwan. The influence is limited to the shelf edge when the Kuroshio meanders offshore in spring and summer. By contrast, strong onshelf intrusions and cross-shelf exchanges occur when the Kuroshio meanders onshore in fall and winter. Drifters intrude onshelf northeast of Taiwan and spread as far north as 30 degrees N against the strong northeasterly wind. The forcing on the shelf is identified as a northward downsloping of the sea level that is steepest north of Taiwan at 25 degrees-28 degrees N, but which is 3 times weaker farther north. The vorticity budget computed from a numerical model indicates that intrusion during fall and winter is primarily a result of balance between onshelf advection of ambient potential vorticity and vorticity production by the along-isobath pressure gradient acting on the changing mass of water column across the continental slope. C1 [Wang, Jia; Oey, Lie Yauw] Natl Cent Univ, Taoyuan, Taiwan. [Oey, Lie Yauw] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Sayre Hall,300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lyooey@gmail.com FU Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship; National Science Council of Taiwan FX LYO is grateful for the award from the Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship. We acknowledge partial support from the National Science Council of Taiwan. All data can be downloaded from links given in text. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1615 EP 1632 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0183.1 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DM2DF UT WOS:000376155800001 ER PT J AU Nalli, NR Smith, WL Liu, QH AF Nalli, Nicholas R. Smith, William L. Liu, Quanhua TI Angular Effect of Undetected Clouds in Infrared Window Radiance Observations: Aircraft Experimental Analyses SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-LEAVING RADIANCE; WATER-SURFACE; SEA-SURFACE; REFLECTION MODEL; VALIDATION; EMISSIVITY; RETRIEVAL; CONTAMINATION; VERIFICATION; TEMPERATURES AB This paper furthers previous investigations into the zenith angular effect of cloud contamination within infrared (IR) window radiance observations commonly used in the retrieval of environmental data records (EDRs). Here analyses were performed of clear-sky forward radiance calculations versus observations obtained under clear to partly cloudy conditions over ocean. The authors utilized high-resolution IR spectra observed by the aircraft-based National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) Aircraft Sounder Test Bed-Interferometer (NAST-I) during the Joint Airborne Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) Validation Experiment (JAIVEx) and performed forward calculations using collocated dropsondes. An aerosol optical depth EDR product derived from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) was then applied to detect clouds within NAST-I fields of view (FOVs). To calculate the angular variation of clouds, expressions were derived for estimating cloud aspect ratios from visible imagery where cloud shadow lengths can be estimated relative to cloud horizontal diameters. In agreement with sensitivity calculations, it was found that a small cloud fraction within window radiance observations can have a measurable impact on the angular agreement with clear-sky calculations on the order of 0.1-0.4K in brightness temperature. It was also found that systematic sun-glint contamination can likewise have an impact on the order of 0.1 K. These results are germane to IR sensor data record (SDR) calibration/validation and EDR retrieval schemes depending upon clear-sky SDRs, as well as radiative transfer modeling involving randomly distributed broken cloud fields. C1 [Nalli, Nicholas R.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Smith, William L.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Nalli, NR (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NCWCP E-RA2,5830 Univ Res Court 2841, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM nick.nalli@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537 FU NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS-STAR) Office; NOAA/NESDIS/STAR Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division (SMCD) FX This research was supported by the NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS-STAR) Office (L. Zhou) and the NOAA/NESDIS/STAR Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division (SMCD) (F. Weng). We are grateful to the following individuals for their contributions in support of this work: V. Leslie (MIT Lincoln Lab) for providing the all-sky camera images and for discussions pertaining to the image time-stamp offset, S. Kondragunta and C. Xu (NESDIS/STAR) for providing the NOAA GASP aerosol EDR product for April 2007, A. Ignatov and X. Liang (NESDIS/STAR) for bringing our attention to the possibility of sun-glint contamination in LWIR channels, and C. D. Barnet (STC, formerly NESDIS/STAR) for his support of the earlier related papers. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers who carefully reviewed two manuscript iterations and provided constructive feedback that we used to strengthen the quality of the final paper. Determination of the local solar zenith and azimuth angles for the JAIVEx glint analysis was made possible via code developed by V. Roy and distributed at the MATLAB Central File Exchange (sun_position.m). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1987 EP 2010 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0262.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL9HM UT WOS:000375952700008 ER PT J AU Kiladis, GN Dias, J Gehne, M AF Kiladis, George N. Dias, Juliana Gehne, Maria TI The Relationship between Equatorial Mixed Rossby-Gravity and Eastward Inertio-Gravity Waves. Part I SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS; MERIDIONAL WIND OSCILLATIONS; WAVENUMBER-FREQUENCY DOMAIN; SYNOPTIC-SCALE DISTURBANCES; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; UPPER TROPOSPHERIC WAVES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; VERTICAL STRUCTURE AB The relationship between n = 0 mixed Rossby-gravity waves (MRGs) and eastward inertio-gravity waves (EIGs) from Matsuno's shallow-water theory on an equatorial beta plane is studied using statistics of satellite brightness temperature T-b and dynamical fields from ERA-Interim data. Unlike other observed convectively coupled equatorial waves, which have spectral signals well separated into eastward and westward modes, there is a continuum of MRG-EIG power standing above the background that peaks near wavenumber 0. This continuum is also present in the signals of dry stratospheric MRGs. While hundreds of papers have been written on MRGs, very little work on EIGs has appeared in the literature to date. The authors attribute this to the fact that EIG circulations are much weaker than those of MRGs for a given amount of divergence, making them more difficult to observe even though they strongly modulate convection. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and cross-spectral analysis of 2-6-day-filtered T-b isolate zonally standing modes of synoptic-scale convection originally identified by Wallace in 1971. These display anti-symmetric T-b signals about the equator that propagate poleward with a period of around 4 days, along with westward-propagating MRG-like circulations that move through the T-b patterns. Further analysis here and in Part II shows that these signatures are not artifacts of the EOF approach but result from a mixture of MRG or EIG modes occurring either in isolation or at the same time. C1 [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Dias, Juliana; Gehne, Maria] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dias, Juliana; Gehne, Maria] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kiladis, GN (reprint author), ESRL, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM george.kiladis@noaa.gov NR 122 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 73 IS 5 BP 2123 EP 2145 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0230.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL9HM UT WOS:000375952700016 ER PT J AU Dias, J Kiladis, GN AF Dias, Juliana Kiladis, George N. TI The Relationship between Equatorial Mixed Rossby-Gravity and Eastward Inertio-Gravity Waves. Part II SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; COUPLED KELVIN WAVES; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; FREQUENCY DOMAIN; CLIMATE MODELS; TRAPPED WAVES; LINEAR-MODEL; BASIC STATE; ZONAL FLOW AB Space-time spectral analysis of tropical cloudiness data shows strong evidence that convectively coupled n = 0 mixed Rossby-gravity waves (MRGs) and eastward inertio-gravity waves (EIGs) occur primarily within the western/central Pacific Ocean. Spectral filtering also shows that MRG and EIG cloudiness patterns are anti-symmetric with respect to the equator, and they propagate coherently toward the west and east, respectively, with periods between 3 and 5 days, in agreement with Matsuno's linear shallow-water theory. In contrast to the spectral approach, in a companion paper it has been shown that empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of 2-6-day-filtered cloudiness data within the tropical Pacific Ocean also suggest an antisymmetric pattern, but with the leading EOFs implying a zonally standing but poleward-propagating oscillation, along with the associated tropospheric flow moving to the west. In the present paper, these two views are reconciled by applying an independent approach based on a tracking method to assess tropical convection organization. It is shown that, on average, two-thirds of MRG and EIG events develop independently of one another, and one-third of the events overlap in space and time. This analysis also verifies that MRG and EIG cloudiness fields tend to propagate meridionally away from the equator. It is demonstrated that the lack of zonal propagation implied from the EOF analysis is likely due to the interference between eastward- and westward-propagating disturbances. In addition, it is shown that the westward-propagating circulation associated with the leading EOF is consistent with the expected theoretical behavior of an interference between MRGs and EIGs. C1 [Dias, Juliana] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dias, Juliana] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dias, J (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, ESRL, R PSD1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM juliana.dias@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 73 IS 5 BP 2147 EP 2163 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0231.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL9HM UT WOS:000375952700017 ER PT J AU Miller, JJ Maher, M Bohaboy, E Friedman, CS McElhany, P AF Miller, Jason J. Maher, Michael Bohaboy, Erin Friedman, Carolyn S. McElhany, Paul TI Exposure to low pH reduces survival and delays development in early life stages of Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; PETROLISTHES-CINCTIPES; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; HISTORY STAGES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CO2; SEAWATER; IMPACTS AB The Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, is an important resource species, and in Puget Sound, USA, where the adults occur in inshore waters that have summer pH as low as 7.6, future levels are predicted as low as 7.1. Using eggs and larvae from females captured in Puget Sound in late 2012, this laboratory study examined hatching success, larval survival, and larval development rate at target pH of 8.0, 7.5, and 7.1, which represent present open ocean, present coastal upwelling, and projected upwelling conditions. Toward the end of their development, the eggs of one C. magister were exposed to the three treatments and they began to hatch after 22 days. Hatching probability was unaffected by lower pH, but hatching was delayed at pH 7.1. In a second experiment, significantly more C. magister larvae survived after 45 days at pH 8.0 than at the two lower pH: 58, 14, and 21 %. The sizes of the zoeae were unaffected by treatment, but larvae in the low-pH treatments progressed through larval stages more slowly. This study shows that low-pH seawater slows embryonic and early larval development and causes appreciable larval mortality. It suggests that ocean acidification could have a measurable impact on the population dynamics of C. magister. C1 [Miller, Jason J.; Maher, Michael; Bohaboy, Erin; McElhany, Paul] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Friedman, Carolyn S.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Miller, JJ (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jason.miller@noaa.gov FU NOAA Ocean Acidification program; Suquamish Tribe; NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Washington Sea Grant; United States Environmental Protection Agency FX Research was funded by NOAA Ocean Acidification program, the Suquamish Tribe, NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Washington Sea Grant, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 18 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 163 IS 5 AR UNSP 118 DI 10.1007/s00227-016-2883-1 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL0NU UT WOS:000375330500025 ER PT J AU Wakimoto, RM Atkins, NT Butler, KM Bluestein, HB Thiem, K Snyder, JC Houser, J Kosiba, K Wurman, J AF Wakimoto, Roger M. Atkins, Nolan T. Butler, Kelly M. Bluestein, Howard B. Thiem, Kyle Snyder, Jeffrey C. Houser, Jana Kosiba, Karen Wurman, Joshua TI Aerial Damage Survey of the 2013 El Reno Tornado Combined with Mobile Radar Data SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR; X-BAND; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ANALYSIS; DUAL-DOPPLER; SOUTH-DAKOTA; WIND FIELDS; PART II; OKLAHOMA; SUPERCELL AB A detailed damage survey of the El Reno, Oklahoma, tornado of 31 May 2013 combined with rapid-scanning data recorded from two mobile radars is presented. One of the radars was equipped with polarimetric capability. The relationship between several suction vortices visually identified in pictures with the high-resolution Doppler velocity data and swath marks in fields is discussed. The suction vortices were associated with small shear features in Doppler velocity and a partial ringlike feature of high spectral width. For the first time, a suction vortex that created a swath mark in a field was visually identified in photographs and high-definition video while the rotational couplet was tracked by radar. A dual-Doppler wind synthesis of the tornadic circulation at low levels near the location of several storm chaser fatalities resolved ground-relative wind speeds in excess of 90 m s(-1), greater than the minimum speed for EF5 damage. The vertical vorticity analysis revealed a rapid transition from a single tornadic vortex centered on the weak-echo hole (WEH) to suction vortices surrounding the WEH and collocated with the ring of enhanced radar reflectivities. Several bands/zones of enhanced convergence were resolved in the wind syntheses. One of the bands was associated with an internal or secondary rear-flank gust front. An inner band of convergence appeared to be a result of the positive bias in tornado-relative radial velocity owing to centrifuging of large lofted debris swirling within the tornado. An outer band of convergence formed at the northern edge of a region of strong inflow that was lofting small debris and dust into the storm. C1 [Wakimoto, Roger M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Atkins, Nolan T.; Butler, Kelly M.] Lyndon State Coll, Dept Atmospher Sci, Lyndonville, VT USA. [Butler, Kelly M.; Houser, Jana] Ohio Univ, Dept Geog, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Bluestein, Howard B.; Thiem, Kyle] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Snyder, Jeffrey C.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Snyder, Jeffrey C.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kosiba, Karen; Wurman, Joshua] Ctr Severe Weather Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wakimoto, RM (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, 4201 Wilson Blvd,Rm 705, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. EM wakimotoroger@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation (NSF) RAPID [AGS-1343963, AGS-1242339, AGS-0934307, AGS-1262048]; Independent and Research/Development (IRD) program; NSF [AGS-1361237, 1447268] FX Research results presented in this paper were supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) RAPID AGS-1343963 and AGS-1242339 (through NTA), AGS-0934307 and AGS-1262048 (through HBB), and the Independent and Research/Development (IRD) program (through RMW). RSDOW is supported by NSF AGS-1361237 and 1447268. The authors wish to express their appreciation to Don Burgess and Tim Marshall for providing damage survey information that was included in the results shown in this paper. Comments from two anonymous reviewers substantially improved an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 144 IS 5 BP 1749 EP 1776 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0367.1 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM1ST UT WOS:000376127300003 ER PT J AU Smirnova, TG Brown, JM Benjamin, SG Kenyon, JS AF Smirnova, Tatiana G. Brown, John M. Benjamin, Stanley G. Kenyon, Jaymes S. TI Modifications to the Rapid Update Cycle Land Surface Model (RUC LSM) Available in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PILPS 2(D); SNOW; COVER; ALBEDO; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; RUSSIA; SYSTEM AB The land surface model (LSM) described in this manuscript was originally developed as part of the NOAA Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model development effort; with ongoing modifications, it is now used as an option for the WRF community model. The RUC model and its WRF-based NOAA successor, the Rapid Refresh (RAP), are hourly updated and have an emphasis on short-range, near-surface forecasts including aviation-impact variables and preconvective environment. Therefore, coupling to this LSM (hereafter the RUC LSM) has been critical to provide more accurate lower boundary conditions. This paper describes changes made to the RUC LSM since earlier descriptions, including extension from six to nine levels, improved snow treatment, and new land-use data from MODIS. The RUCLSM became operational at the NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) as part of the RUC from 1998-2012 and as part of the RAP from 2012 through the present. The simple treatments of basic land surface processes in the RUC LSM have proven to be physically robust and capable of realistically representing the evolution of soil moisture, soil temperature, and snow in cycled models. Extension of the RAP domain to encompass all of North America and adjacent high-latitude ocean areas necessitated further development of the RUC LSM for application in the tundra permafrost regions and over Arctic sea ice. Other modifications include refinements in the snow model and a more accurate specification of albedo, roughness length, and other surface properties. These recent modifications in the RUC LSM are described and evaluated in this paper. C1 [Smirnova, Tatiana G.; Brown, John M.; Benjamin, Stanley G.; Kenyon, Jaymes S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Smirnova, Tatiana G.; Kenyon, Jaymes S.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Smirnova, TG (reprint author), NOAA, Global Syst Div, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tanya.smirnova@noaa.gov RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015 OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236 FU NOAA/ESRL; Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Weather Research Program FX The work was supported by NOAA/ESRL and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Weather Research Program. We thank John Osborn of NOAA/ESRL and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful and very helpful reviews of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 144 IS 5 BP 1851 EP 1865 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0198.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM1SX UT WOS:000376127700004 ER PT J AU Lehtipalo, K Rondo, L Kontkanen, J Schobesberger, S Jokinen, T Sarnela, N Kurten, A Ehrhart, S Franchin, A Nieminen, T Riccobono, F Sipila, M Yli-Juuti, T Duplissy, J Adamov, A Ahlm, L Almeida, J Amorim, A Bianchi, F Breitenlechner, M Dommen, J Downard, AJ Dunne, EM Flagan, RC Guida, R Hakala, J Hansel, A Jud, W Kangasluoma, J Kerminen, VM Keskinen, H Kim, J Kirkby, J Kupc, A Kupiainen-Maatta, O Laaksonen, A Lawler, MJ Leiminger, M Mathot, S Olenius, T Ortega, IK Onnela, A Petaja, T Praplan, A Rissanen, MP Ruuskanen, T Santos, FD Schallhart, S Schnitzhofer, R Simon, M Smith, JN Trostl, J Tsagkogeorgas, G Tome, A Vaattovaara, P Vehkamaki, H Vrtala, AE Wagner, PE Williamson, C Wimmer, D Winkler, PM Virtanen, A Donahue, NM Carslaw, KS Baltensperger, U Riipinen, I Curtius, J Worsnop, DR Kulmala, M AF Lehtipalo, Katrianne Rondo, Linda Kontkanen, Jenni Schobesberger, Siegfried Jokinen, Tuija Sarnela, Nina Kuerten, Andreas Ehrhart, Sebastian Franchin, Alessandro Nieminen, Tuomo Riccobono, Francesco Sipila, Mikko Yli-Juuti, Taina Duplissy, Jonathan Adamov, Alexey Ahlm, Lars Almeida, Joao Amorim, Antonio Bianchi, Federico Breitenlechner, Martin Dommen, Josef Downard, Andrew J. Dunne, Eimear M. Flagan, Richard C. Guida, Roberto Hakala, Jani Hansel, Armin Jud, Werner Kangasluoma, Juha Kerminen, Veli-Matti Keskinen, Helmi Kim, Jaeseok Kirkby, Jasper Kupc, Agnieszka Kupiainen-Maatta, Oona Laaksonen, Ari Lawler, Michael J. Leiminger, Markus Mathot, Serge Olenius, Tinja Ortega, Ismael K. Onnela, Antti Petaja, Tuukka Praplan, Arnaud Rissanen, Matti P. Ruuskanen, Taina Santos, Filipe D. Schallhart, Simon Schnitzhofer, Ralf Simon, Mario Smith, James N. Trostl, Jasmin Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios Tome, Antonio Vaattovaara, Petri Vehkamaki, Hanna Vrtala, Aron E. Wagner, Paul E. Williamson, Christina Wimmer, Daniela Winkler, Paul M. Virtanen, Annele Donahue, Neil M. Carslaw, Kenneth S. Baltensperger, Urs Riipinen, Ilona Curtius, Joachim Worsnop, Douglas R. Kulmala, Markku TI The effect of acid-base clustering and ions on the growth of atmospheric nano-particles SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHASE SULFURIC-ACID; NEUTRAL CLUSTER; BOREAL FOREST; CLOUD CHAMBER; SIZE RANGE; NUCLEATION; RATES; AMMONIA; AEROSOL AB The growth of freshly formed aerosol particles can be the bottleneck in their survival to cloud condensation nuclei. It is therefore crucial to understand how particles grow in the atmosphere. Insufficient experimental data has impeded a profound understanding of nano-particle growth under atmospheric conditions. Here we study nano-particle growth in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoors Droplets) chamber, starting from the formation of molecular clusters. We present measured growth rates at sub-3 nm sizes with different atmospherically relevant concentrations of sulphuric acid, water, ammonia and dimethylamine. We find that atmospheric ions and small acid-base clusters, which are not generally accounted for in the measurement of sulphuric acid vapour, can participate in the growth process, leading to enhanced growth rates. The availability of compounds capable of stabilizing sulphuric acid clusters governs the magnitude of these effects and thus the exact growth mechanism. We bring these observations into a coherent framework and discuss their significance in the atmosphere. C1 [Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Kontkanen, Jenni; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Jokinen, Tuija; Sarnela, Nina; Franchin, Alessandro; Nieminen, Tuomo; Sipila, Mikko; Yli-Juuti, Taina; Duplissy, Jonathan; Adamov, Alexey; Hakala, Jani; Kangasluoma, Juha; Kerminen, Veli-Matti; Keskinen, Helmi; Kupiainen-Maatta, Oona; Olenius, Tinja; Ortega, Ismael K.; Petaja, Tuukka; Praplan, Arnaud; Rissanen, Matti P.; Ruuskanen, Taina; Schallhart, Simon; Vehkamaki, Hanna; Wimmer, Daniela; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Kulmala, Markku] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Riccobono, Francesco; Bianchi, Federico; Dommen, Josef; Praplan, Arnaud; Trostl, Jasmin; Baltensperger, Urs] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Rondo, Linda; Kuerten, Andreas; Ehrhart, Sebastian; Kirkby, Jasper; Leiminger, Markus; Simon, Mario; Williamson, Christina; Wimmer, Daniela; Curtius, Joachim] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Altenhoferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Ehrhart, Sebastian; Duplissy, Jonathan; Almeida, Joao; Kirkby, Jasper; Mathot, Serge; Onnela, Antti] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Nieminen, Tuomo; Sipila, Mikko; Duplissy, Jonathan; Kulmala, Markku] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Yli-Juuti, Taina; Keskinen, Helmi; Kim, Jaeseok; Laaksonen, Ari; Lawler, Michael J.; Smith, James N.; Vaattovaara, Petri; Virtanen, Annele; Worsnop, Douglas R.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, POB 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Ahlm, Lars; Olenius, Tinja; Riipinen, Ilona] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem ACES, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ahlm, Lars; Olenius, Tinja; Riipinen, Ilona] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Almeida, Joao; Amorim, Antonio; Guida, Roberto; Santos, Filipe D.; Tome, Antonio] Univ Lisbon, SIM, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Almeida, Joao; Amorim, Antonio; Guida, Roberto; Santos, Filipe D.; Tome, Antonio] Univ Beira Interior, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Bianchi, Federico] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Breitenlechner, Martin; Hansel, Armin; Jud, Werner; Schnitzhofer, Ralf] Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, Technikerstr 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Downard, Andrew J.; Flagan, Richard C.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dunne, Eimear M.; Carslaw, Kenneth S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dunne, Eimear M.; Worsnop, Douglas R.] Atmospher Res Ctr Eastern Finland, Finnish Meteorol Inst, POB 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Hansel, Armin] Ionicon Analyt GmbH, Eduard Bodem Gasse 3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Kupc, Agnieszka; Vrtala, Aron E.; Wagner, Paul E.; Winkler, Paul M.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Laaksonen, Ari] Finnish Meteorol Inst, POB 501, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Lawler, Michael J.; Smith, James N.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Donahue, Neil M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Doherty Hall 2116, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Worsnop, Douglas R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Schallhart, Simon] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Riccobono, Francesco] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. [Keskinen, Helmi] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, SMEARII Hyytiala Forestry Field Stn, Hyytialantie 124, FI-35500 Korkeakoski, Finland. [Kim, Jaeseok] Korea Polar Res Inst, Arctic Res Ctr, 26 Songdomirae Ro, Inchon, South Korea. [Kupiainen-Maatta, Oona] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. [Williamson, Christina] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williamson, Christina] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lehtipalo, K (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland.; Lehtipalo, K (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM katrianne.lehtipalo@helsinki.fi RI Sipila, Mikko/G-3024-2010; Curtius, Joachim/A-2681-2011; Bianchi, Federico/G-8428-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Jokinen, Tuija/B-3365-2014; Dunne, Eimear/H-1567-2014; Schobesberger, Siegfried/L-4454-2014; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; Petaja, Tuukka/A-8009-2008; Donahue, Neil/A-2329-2008; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Duplissy, Jonathan/A-1723-2010; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Vehkamaki, Hanna/A-8262-2008; Praplan, Arnaud/F-8357-2011; Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009; Virtanen, Annele/E-7699-2010 OI Kurten, Andreas/0000-0002-8955-4450; Rissanen, Matti/0000-0003-0463-8098; Trostl, Jasmin/0000-0002-2807-0348; Kangasluoma, Juha/0000-0002-1639-1187; Lehtipalo, Katrianne/0000-0002-1660-2706; Curtius, Joachim/0000-0003-3153-4630; Bianchi, Federico/0000-0003-2996-3604; Dunne, Eimear/0000-0001-7085-8473; Santos, Filipe/0000-0001-7316-1479; Tome, Antonio/0000-0001-9144-7120; Jokinen, Tuija/0000-0002-1280-1396; Kontkanen, Jenni/0000-0002-5373-3537; Schobesberger, Siegfried/0000-0002-5777-4897; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; Petaja, Tuukka/0000-0002-1881-9044; Donahue, Neil/0000-0003-3054-2364; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Duplissy, Jonathan/0000-0001-8819-0264; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Vehkamaki, Hanna/0000-0002-5018-1255; Praplan, Arnaud/0000-0002-9944-3084; Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X; Virtanen, Annele/0000-0002-2917-5344 FU CERN; European Union [656994]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01LK0902A, 01LK1222A]; Swiss National Science Foundation [206621_125025, 206620_130527]; Academy of Finland [251427, 1133872, 138951]; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence program [1118615, 272041]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P19546, L593]; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [CERN/FP/116387/2010]; Swedish Research Council [2011-5120]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [N08-02-91006-CERN]; US National Science Foundation [AGS1136479, CHE1012293]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC00014469]; Vaisala foundation; EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network 'CLOUD-ITN') [215072]; EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network 'CLOUD-TRAIN') [316662]; EC Seventh Framework Programme (ERC grant 'ATMOGAIN') [278277]; EC Seventh Framework Programme (ERC grant 'MOCAPAF' [257360]; EC Seventh Framework Programme (ERC grant 'NANODYNAMITE') [616075]; EC Seventh Framework Programme (ERC grant 'ATMNUCLE') [227463]; EC [FP7-ENV-2010-265148] FX We thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We thank the tofTools team for data analysis toolbox. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Networks 'CLOUD-ITN' grant no. 215072, and 'CLOUD-TRAIN', grant no. 316662; ERC grants 'ATMOGAIN' grant no. 278277, 'MOCAPAF' grant no. 257360, 'NANODYNAMITE' grant no. 616075 and 'ATMNUCLE' grant no. 227463; FP7-ENV-2010-265148, PEGASOS), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 656994, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project nos 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos 206621_125025 and 206620_130527), the Academy of Finland (project nos 251427, 1133872 and 138951), the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence program (project nos 1118615 and 272041), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project nos P19546 and L593), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Swedish Research Council (grant 2011-5120), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant N08-02-91006-CERN) and the US National Science Foundation (grants AGS1136479 and CHE1012293), US Department of Energy (DE-SC00014469) and the Vaisala foundation. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 32 U2 64 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 7 AR 11594 DI 10.1038/ncomms11594 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM2TF UT WOS:000376199700001 PM 27197574 ER PT J AU Selck, H Handy, RD Fernandes, TF Klaine, SJ Petersen, EJ AF Selck, Henriette Handy, Richard D. Fernandes, Teresa F. Klaine, Stephen J. Petersen, Elijah J. TI Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment: A European Union-United States Perspective on the Status of Ecotoxicity Testing, Research Priorities, and Challenges Ahead SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nano; Nanomaterial; Ecotoxicology; Water; Sediment ID COPPER-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; CHIRONOMUS-RIPARIUS LARVAE; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; DEPOSIT-FEEDING SNAIL; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; POTAMOPYRGUS-ANTIPODARUM; LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; MANUFACTURED NANOMATERIALS AB The European Union-United States Communities of Research were established in 2012 to provide a platform for scientists to develop a "shared repertoire of protocols and methods to overcome nanotechnology environmental health and safety (nanoEHS) research gaps and barriers" (www.us-eu.org/). Based on work within the Ecotoxicology Community of Research (2012-2015) the present Focus article provides an overview of the state of the art of nanomaterials (NMs) in the aquatic environment by addressing different research questions, with a focus on ecotoxicological test systems and the challenges faced when assessing NM hazards (e.g., uptake routes, bioaccumulation, toxicity, test protocols, and model organisms). The authors' recommendation is to place particular importance on studying the ecological effects of aged/weathered NMs, as-manufactured NMs, and NMs released from consumer products in addressing the following overarching research topics: 1) NM characterization and quantification in environmental and biological matrices; 2) NM transformation in the environment and consequences for bioavailability and toxicity; 3) alternative methods to assess exposure; 4) influence of exposure scenarios on bioavailability and toxicity; 5) development of more environmentally realistic bioassays; and 6) uptake, internal distribution, and depuration of NMs. Research addressing these key topics will reduce uncertainty in ecological risk assessment and support the sustainable development of nanotechnology. (C) 2016 SETAC C1 [Selck, Henriette] Roskilde Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Roskilde, Denmark. [Handy, Richard D.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Biol Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Fernandes, Teresa F.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Klaine, Stephen J.] Clemson Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, Clemson, SC USA. [Klaine, Stephen J.] North West Univ, Water Res Grp Ecotoxicol, Unit Environm Sci & Management, Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Selck, H (reprint author), Roskilde Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Roskilde, Denmark. EM selck@ruc.dk OI Fernandes, Teresa/0000-0002-8541-598X FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 28 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1055 EP 1067 DI 10.1002/etc.3385 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DJ9QH UT WOS:000374547500001 PM 27089437 ER PT J AU Polefka, S Sutton-Grier, AE AF Polefka, Shiva Sutton-Grier, Ariana E. TI Making ecosystem services part of business as usual in federal governance SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Polefka, Shiva] Ctr Amer Progress, Washington, DC USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. RP Polefka, S (reprint author), Ctr Amer Progress, Washington, DC USA. OI Sutton-Grier, Ariana/0000-0002-1242-7728 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 14 IS 4 BP 175 EP 175 DI 10.1002/fee.1267 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DL5KP UT WOS:000375676200001 ER PT J AU Simmonds, MP Corkeron, P AF Simmonds, Mark Peter Corkeron, Peter TI A deal on whaling is a bad idea: a response to Gerber SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter ID ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; WHALES C1 [Simmonds, Mark Peter] Humane Soc Int, London, England. [Corkeron, Peter] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Simmonds, MP (reprint author), Humane Soc Int, London, England. EM mark.simmonds@sciencegyre.co.uk NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 14 IS 4 BP 181 EP 182 DI 10.1002/fee.1263 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DL5KP UT WOS:000375676200012 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Audzijonyte, A AF Waples, Robin S. Audzijonyte, Asta TI fishery-induced evolution provides insights into adaptive responses of marine species to climate change SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID NATURAL MORTALITY; LIFE-HISTORIES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; REEF FISH; SIZE; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; ECTOTHERMS; POPULATIONS; MATURATION AB Climate change challenges marine species with seawater that is warmer, with less oxygen and lower pH, To date, most climate-change studies have focused on organisms' acclimation or shifts in distribution; relatively little is known about the capacity of marine species to respond through evolution. We propose that important insights can he gained from recent studies of fishery-induced evolution (FIE), which show that increased adult mortality from fishing leads to rapid changes in growth and reproduction schedules, These changes consistently involve evolution of "faster" life histories: earlier maturation at smaller sizes and shorter life spans. In the ocean, coupled effects of higher temperatures and reduced oxygen also differentially affect larger or older individuals, so expected evolutionary consequences of climate change are qualitatively similar to those of HE. This general pattern will apply to large numbers of marine species and has important implications for conservation and management. C1 [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Audzijonyte, Asta] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, Helsinki, Finland. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 FU Kone Foundation FX We thank P Munday for providing useful information, T Reed for useful discussions, and P England for expert photographic assistance. AA was supported by a grant from the Kone Foundation. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 14 IS 4 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1002/fee.1264 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DL5KP UT WOS:000375676200019 ER PT J AU Sun, DL Li, SM Zheng, W Croitoru, A Stefanidis, A Goldberg, M AF Sun, Donglian Li, Sanmei Zheng, Wei Croitoru, Arie Stefanidis, Anthony Goldberg, Mitchell TI Mapping floods due to Hurricane Sandy using NPP VIIRS and ATMS data and geotagged Flickr imagery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH LA English DT Article DE coastal flood; hurricane; water fraction; high-resolution flood mapping; VIIRS; ATMS ID AMAZON RIVER FLOODPLAIN; INUNDATION AREA; WATER MAPS; DERIVATION; EOS/MODIS; SSM/I AB In this study, we present an approach to estimate the extent of large-scale coastal floods caused by Hurricane Sandy using passive optical and microwave remote sensing data. The approach estimates the water fraction from coarse-resolution VIIRS and ATMS data through mixed-pixel linear decomposition. Based on the water fraction difference, using the physical characteristics of water inundation in a basin, the flood map derived from the coarse-resolution VIIRS and ATMS measurements was extrapolated to a higher spatial resolution of 30 m using topographic information. It is found that flood map derived from VIIRS shows less inundated area than the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood map and the ground observations. The bias was mainly caused by the time difference in observations. This is because VIIRS can only detect flood under clear conditions, while we can only find some clear-sky data around the New York area on 4 November 2012, when most flooding water already receded. Meanwhile, microwave measurements can penetrate through clouds and sense surface water bodies under clear-or-cloudy conditions. We therefore developed a new method to derive flood maps from passive microwave ATMS observations. To evaluate the flood mapping method, the corresponding ground observations and the FEMA storm surge flooding (SSF) products are used. The results show there was good agreement between our ATMS and the FEMA SSF flood areas, with a correlation of 0.95. Furthermore, we compared our results to geotagged Flickr contributions reporting flooding, and found that 95% of these Flickr reports were distributed within the ATMS-derived flood area, supporting the argument that such crowd-generated content can be valuable for remote sensing operations. Overall, the methodology presented in this paper was able to produce high-quality and high-resolution flood maps over large-scale coastal areas. C1 [Sun, Donglian; Li, Sanmei; Zheng, Wei; Croitoru, Arie; Stefanidis, Anthony] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell] NOAA, JPSS Program Off, Lanham, MD USA. RP Sun, DL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dsun@gmu.edu FU NOAA JPSS Program Office [NA12NES4400008]; NASA Disaster Program [NNX12AQ74G] FX The work was supported by the NOAA JPSS Program Office [grant number #NA12NES4400008] and by NASA Disaster Program [grant number #NNX12AQ74G]. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1753-8947 EI 1753-8955 J9 INT J DIGIT EARTH JI Int. J. Digit. Earth PD MAY PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 427 EP 441 DI 10.1080/17538947.2015.1040474 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA DL8EM UT WOS:000375873200001 ER PT J AU Roberts, DR Lindhorst, SM Welsh, CT Maravilla, KR Herring, MN Braun, KA Thiers, BH Davis, WC AF Roberts, Donna R. Lindhorst, Scott M. Welsh, Cynthia T. Maravilla, Kenneth R. Herring, Mary N. Braun, K. Adam Thiers, Bruce H. Davis, W. Clay TI High Levels of Gadolinium Deposition in the Skin of a Patient With Normal Renal Function SO INVESTIGATIVE RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gadolinium retention; skin; normal renal function ID NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS; HIGH-SIGNAL INTENSITY; UNENHANCED T1-WEIGHTED IMAGES; DENTATE NUCLEUS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GLOBUS-PALLIDUS; CONTRAST-AGENT; QUANTIFICATION; GADODIAMIDE; TISSUE AB Objective The aim of this study was to assess gadolinium deposition in the skin of a patient with normal renal function, based on estimated glomerular filtration rate values greater than 59 mL/min/1.73 m(2) after exposure to large cumulative doses of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Materials and Methods The patient underwent 61 contrasted brain MRI scans over the course of 11 years. Skin biopsies from the forearm and lower extremity were analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), laser ablation ICP-MS, and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography ICP-MS. Results The ICP-MS demonstrated high levels of gadolinium deposition (14.5 0.4 g/g), similar to previously reported gadolinium levels within the skin of patients with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. The laser ablation ICP-MS demonstrated deposition of gadolinium within the deep layers of skin. Speciation analysis using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography ICP-MS demonstrated the presence of intact gadolinium-chelate species, although most of the gadolinium present could not be further characterized. Light microscopy demonstrated increased CD34 immunoreactivity in the connective tissue septations of the subcutaneous adipose tissue. The patient had no history of skin disorders and did not have a history of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis but did have severe joint contractures of unknown etiology. Conclusions Our results, in contradiction to published literature, suggest that in patients with normal renal function, exposure to GBCAs in extremely high cumulative doses can lead to significant gadolinium deposition in the skin. This finding is in line with more recent reports of gadolinium deposition in the brain of patients with normal renal function. Future studies are required to address possible clinical consequences of gadolinium deposition in the skin, brain, and potentially other organs in patients with normal renal function. We recommend, in addition to following current US Food and Drug Administration and American College of Radiology guidelines based on estimated glomerular filtration rate values, that caution be used when administering large cumulative doses of GBCAs and that total cumulative dose of each agent administered is recorded in the patient's medical record. C1 [Roberts, Donna R.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Lindhorst, Scott M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Neurosurg & Hematol Oncol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Welsh, Cynthia T.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pathol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Maravilla, Kenneth R.] Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Maravilla, Kenneth R.] Univ Washington, Dept Neurol Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Herring, Mary N.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Braun, K. Adam; Thiers, Bruce H.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dermatol & Dermatol Surg, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Davis, W. Clay] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Charleston, SC USA. RP Roberts, DR (reprint author), 96 Jonathan Lucas St,MSC 323,CSB Suite 210, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM robertdr@musc.edu NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0020-9996 EI 1536-0210 J9 INVEST RADIOL JI Invest. Radiol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 51 IS 5 BP 280 EP 289 DI 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000266 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DK2MZ UT WOS:000374750300002 PM 26953564 ER PT J AU Muller, M Schmidt, G Metzner, S Veit, P Bertram, F Krylyuk, S Debnath, R Ha, JY Wen, BM Blanchard, P Motayed, A King, MR Davydov, AV Christen, J AF Mueller, Marcus Schmidt, Gordon Metzner, Sebastian Veit, Peter Bertram, Frank Krylyuk, Sergiy Debnath, Ratan Ha, Jong-Yoon Wen, Baomei Blanchard, Paul Motayed, Abhishek King, Matthew R. Davydov, Albert V. Christen, Juergen TI Structural and optical nanoscale analysis of GaN core-shell microrod arrays fabricated by combined top-down and bottom-up process on Si(111) SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Growth of III-Nitrides (ISGN) CY NOV 08-13, 2015 CL Hamamatsu, JAPAN ID LATERALLY OVERGROWN GAN; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; LUMINESCENCE; MICROSCOPY; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; GROWTH; FILMS; RAMAN AB Large arrays of GaN core-shell microrods were fabricated on Si(111) substrates applying a combined bottom-up and top-down approach which includes inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching of patterned GaN films grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and selective overgrowth of obtained GaN/Si pillars using hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). The structural and optical properties of individual core-shell microrods have been studied with a nanometer scale spatial resolution using low-temperature cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (CL) directly performed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). SEM, TEM, and CL measurements reveal the formation of distinct growth domains during the HVPE overgrowth. A high free-carrier concentration observed in the non-polar {1 (1) over bar 00} HVPE shells is assigned to in-diffusion of silicon atoms from the substrate. In contrast, the HVPE shells directly grown on top of the c-plane of the GaN pillars reveal a lower free-carrier concentration. (C) 2016 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Mueller, Marcus; Schmidt, Gordon; Metzner, Sebastian; Veit, Peter; Bertram, Frank; Christen, Juergen] Univ Magdeburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany. [Mueller, Marcus; Krylyuk, Sergiy; Debnath, Ratan; Ha, Jong-Yoon; Wen, Baomei; Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Blanchard, Paul] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Krylyuk, Sergiy; Ha, Jong-Yoon; Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Debnath, Ratan; Wen, Baomei; Motayed, Abhishek] N5 Sensors Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [King, Matthew R.] Northrop Grumman ES, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. RP Muller, M (reprint author), Univ Magdeburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany.; Muller, M (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marcus.mueller@ovgu.de RI Debnath, Ratan/D-3629-2012; Debnath, Ratan/B-4678-2016; Bertram, Frank/B-5933-2017 OI Debnath, Ratan/0000-0003-1343-7888; Bertram, Frank/0000-0003-2753-7628 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0021-4922 EI 1347-4065 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 55 IS 5 SI SI AR 05FF02 DI 10.7567/JJAP.55.05FF02 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DK1TQ UT WOS:000374697600043 ER PT J AU Gerrits, T AF Gerrits, Thomas TI Proposal for calibration of a single-photon counting detector without the need of input photon flux calibration SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS LA English DT Article DE single-photon detector calibration; waveguide-coupled single-photon detectors; superconducting single-photon detectors ID QUANTUM-EFFICIENCY; TRACEABLE CALIBRATION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION AB A method for calibration of single-photon detectors without the need of input photon flux calibration is presented. The method relies on the use of waveguide-coupled single photon detectors and a series of photon-counting measurements using a single-photon source. It is shown that the method can yield relative uncertainties of less than 1% including counting statistics and fiber splice loss uncertainties with a total measurement time of about 1 h under the assumptions that the fractional losses of the waveguide-coupled detectors are known or zero and the loss along the waveguide is constant. It is also shown that the fractional losses of the waveguide-coupled detectors can be determined if they are equal. However, in this case an input photon flux calibration is required. C1 [Gerrits, Thomas] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gerrits, T (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM gerrits@nist.gov FU Quantum Information Science Initiative (QISI); NIST-on-a-chip 'Chip-scale, quantum-based optical power' metrology program FX This work was supported by the Quantum Information Science Initiative (QISI) and the NIST-on-a-chip 'Chip-scale, quantum-based optical power' metrology program. The author would like to thank Jack Wang (NIST) for helpful discussions during the preparation of the manuscript. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2040-8978 EI 2040-8986 J9 J OPTICS-UK JI J. Opt. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 18 IS 5 AR 054014 DI 10.1088/2040-8978/18/5/054014 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA DL6MT UT WOS:000375754000018 ER PT J AU Dong, Q Yan, XJ Liang, YX Stein, SE AF Dong, Qian Yan, Xinjian Liang, Yuxue Stein, Stephen E. TI In-Depth Characterization and Spectral Library Building of Glycopeptides in the Tryptic Digest of a Monoclonal Antibody Using 1D and 2D LC-MS/MS SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE glycopeptides; HCD fragmentation; N-glycosylation; quantification; fractionation; 2D LC-MS/MS; high-pH RPLC and low-pH RPLC; human IgG1 mAb ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; N-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; GLYCOSYLATION PROFILES; FC-GLYCOSYLATION; THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODIES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; GLYCANS; CELLS; IMMUNOGLOBULINS AB This work presents a detailed analysis of glycopeptides produced in the tryptic digestion of an IgG1 reference material. Analysis was done by nanospray ESI LC-MS/MS over a wide range of HCD collision energies with both conventional 1D separation for various digestion conditions and a 20 fraction 2D-LC study of a single digest. An extended version of NIST-developed software for analysis of "shotgun" proteomics served to identify the glycopeptides from their precursor masses and product ions for peptides with up to three missed cleavages. A peptide with a single missed cleavage, TKPREEQYNSTYR, was dominant and led to the determination of almost all glycans reported in this study. The 2D studies found a total of 247 glycopeptide ions and 60 glycans of different masses, including 30 glycans found in the 1D studies. This significantly larger number of glycans than found in any other glycoanalysis of therapeutic glycoproteins is due to both the improved separation of sialylated versus asialylated species in the first (high-pH) dimension and the ability to inject large amounts of glycosylated peptides in the 2D studies. Systematic variations in retention with glycan size were also noted. Energy-dependent changes in HCD fragmentation confirmed the proposed glycan structures and led to a peak-annotated mass spectral library to aid the analysis of glycopeptides derived from IgG1 drugs. C1 [Dong, Qian; Yan, Xinjian; Liang, Yuxue; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dong, Q (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM qian.dong@nist.gov FU NIST funds FX The authors thank Dr. Sanford P. Markey for the careful reading of the manuscript and helpful discussion. This work was supported solely with NIST funds. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such an identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 EI 1535-3907 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1472 EP 1486 DI 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01046 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA DL8KP UT WOS:000375891200008 PM 26990841 ER PT J AU Blanchong, JA Robinson, SJ Samuel, MD Foster, JT AF Blanchong, Julie A. Robinson, Stacie J. Samuel, Michael D. Foster, Jeffrey T. TI Application of genetics and genomics to wildlife epidemiology SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; genetics; genomics; pathogen; transmission; virulence; wildlife disease ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; WHITE-TAILED DEER; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; PARASITE-MEDIATED SELECTION; TASMANIAN DEVIL POPULATIONS; MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES AB Wildlife diseases can have significant impacts on wildlife conservation and management. Many of the pathogens that affect wildlife also have important implications for domestic animal and human health. However, management interventions to prevent or control wildlife disease are hampered by uncertainties about the complex interactions between pathogens and free-ranging wildlife. We often lack crucial knowledge about host ecology, pathogen characteristics, and host-pathogen dynamics. The purpose of this review is to familiarize wildlife biologists and managers with the application of genetic and genomic methodologies for investigating pathogen and host biology to better understand and manage wildlife diseases. The genesis of this review was a symposium at the 2013 annual Wildlife Society Conference. We reviewed the scientific literature and used our personal experiences to identify studies that illustrate the application of genetic and genomic methods to advance our understanding of wildlife epidemiology, focusing on recent research, new techniques, and innovative approaches. Using examples from a variety of pathogen types and a broad array of vertebrate taxa, we describe how genetics and genomics can provide tools to detect and characterize pathogens, uncover routes of disease transmission and spread, shed light on the ways that disease susceptibility is influenced by both host and pathogen attributes, and elucidate the impacts of disease on wildlife populations. Genetic and increasingly genomic methodologies will continue to contribute important insights into pathogen and host biology that will aid efforts to assess and mitigate the impacts of wildlife diseases on global health and conservation of biodiversity. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Blanchong, Julie A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Robinson, Stacie J.] NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 204 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Foster, Jeffrey T.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, 291 Rudman Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Blanchong, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM julieb@iastate.edu OI Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564 NR 201 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 22 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 80 IS 4 BP 593 EP 608 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1064 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DJ8TT UT WOS:000374486800002 ER PT J AU Seung, C Ianelli, J AF Seung, Chang Ianelli, James TI REGIONAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: A COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS FOR AN ALASKA FISHERY SO NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING LA English DT Article DE Sea surface temperature; climate change; Eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock fishery; economic impacts ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EASTERN BERING-SEA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; TRADE; CONSEQUENCES; FUTURE; CATCH; MODEL AB We compute the effects on the Alaska economy of reduced pollock harvests from rising sea surface temperature using a regional dynamic computable general equilibrium model coupled with a stochastic stock-yield projection model for eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock. We show that the effects of decreased pollock harvest are offset to some extent by increased pollock price, and that fuel costs and the world demand for the fish, as well as the reduced supply of the fish from rising sea surface temperature, are also important factors that determine the economic and welfare effects. C1 [Seung, Chang; Ianelli, James] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Seung, C (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chang.Seung@noaa.gov; jim.ianelli@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0890-8575 EI 1939-7445 J9 NAT RESOUR MODEL JI Nat. Resour. Model. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 29 IS 2 BP 289 EP 333 DI 10.1111/nrm.12092 PG 45 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA DK2SH UT WOS:000374764200004 ER PT J AU Kasianowicz, JJ Bezrukov, SM AF Kasianowicz, John J. Bezrukov, Sergey M. TI On 'three decades of nanopore sequencing' SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ION-CHANNEL; DNA; MEMBRANE; DYNAMICS; BILAYERS; SITES C1 [Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bezrukov, Sergey M.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Kasianowicz, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jjkemail@mac.com NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 EI 1546-1696 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 34 IS 5 BP 481 EP 482 DI 10.1038/nbt.3570 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA DL6FL UT WOS:000375735000022 PM 27153275 ER PT J AU Boggs, GL Wilson, NS Ackland, RT Danna, S Grant, KB AF Boggs, George L. Wilson, Nance S. Ackland, Robert T. Danna, Stephen Grant, Kathy B. TI BEYOND THE LORAX Examining Children's Books on Climate Change SO READING TEACHER LA English DT Article C1 [Boggs, George L.] Florida State Univ, English Educ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Wilson, Nance S.] SUNY Coll Cortland, Literacy, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Ackland, Robert T.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Literacy Educ, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Danna, Stephen] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Danna, Stephen] US Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Danna, Stephen] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Queensbury Branch Campus, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Grant, Kathy B.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Teacher Educ, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. RP Boggs, GL (reprint author), Florida State Univ, English Educ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.; Wilson, NS (reprint author), SUNY Coll Cortland, Literacy, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.; Ackland, RT (reprint author), SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Literacy Educ, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA.; Danna, S (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.; Danna, S (reprint author), US Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.; Danna, S (reprint author), SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Queensbury Branch Campus, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA.; Grant, KB (reprint author), SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Teacher Educ, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. EM glboggs@fsu.edu; nance.wilson@cortland.edu; robert.ackland@plattsburgh.edu; dann1253@plattsburgh.edu; kgran001@plattsburgh.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0034-0561 EI 1936-2714 J9 READ TEACH JI Read. Teach. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 69 IS 6 BP 665 EP 675 DI 10.1002/trtr.1462 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA DL3NN UT WOS:000375540600016 ER PT J AU Li, J Medina, EA Stalick, JK Sleight, AW Subramanian, MA AF Li, Jun Medina, Elena A. Stalick, Judith K. Sleight, Arthur W. Subramanian, M. A. TI Structural studies of CaAl12O19, SrAl12O19, La2/3+delta Al12-delta O19, and CaAl10NiTiO19 with the hibonite structure; indications of an unusual type of ferroelectricity SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; ferroelectricity; hibonite; neutron diffraction; oxides ID TRIGONAL-BIPYRAMIDAL COORDINATION; ALUMINATE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETOPLUMBITE STRUCTURE; X-RAY; COMPOUND; SYSTEM; HEXAALUMINATE; POLARIZATION; REFINEMENT AB Various oxides with the hibonite structure were synthesized and structurally analyzed using powder neutron diffraction. The structure of CaAl12O19 at 298 and 11 K shows dipoles that are apparently too dilute to order unless subjected to a suitable electric field. Magnetoplumbites, such as BaFe12O19, are isostructural with hibonite. These compounds possess ferromagnetic properties, which combined with the electric dipoles may influence multiferroic behavior. Our SrAl12O19 sample showed two distinct hexagonal phases, a major phase with the normal hibonite structure and a minor phase having a closely related structure. Our sample of the defect hibonite phase La2/3+delta Al12-delta O19 shows a distinctly higher delta value (0.25) vs. that reported (similar to 0.15) for samples made from the melt. Finally, we used to advantage the negative scattering length of Ti to determine the site occupancies of Ni and Ti in CaAl10NiTiO19. C1 [Li, Jun; Medina, Elena A.; Sleight, Arthur W.; Subramanian, M. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stalick, Judith K.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sleight, AW; Subramanian, MA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM arthur.sleight@oregonstate.edu; Mas.Subramanian@oregonstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR - 1508527] FX This research done at Oregon State University was supported by National Science Foundation grant (DMR - 1508527). The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 19 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0932-0776 EI 1865-7117 J9 Z NATURFORSCH B JI Z.Naturforsch.(B) PD MAY PY 2016 VL 71 IS 5 SI SI BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.1515/znb-2015-0224 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA DL6KN UT WOS:000375748200016 ER PT J AU Bence, JR Madenjian, CP He, JX Fielder, DG Pothoven, SA Dobiesz, NE Johnson, JE Ebener, MP Cottrill, RA Mohr, LC Koproski, SR AF Bence, James R. Madenjian, Charles P. He, Ji X. Fielder, David G. Pothoven, Steven A. Dobiesz, Norine E. Johnson, James E. Ebener, Mark P. Cottrill, R. Adam Mohr, Lloyd C. Koproski, Scott R. TI Reply to comments by Riley and Dunlop on He et al. (2015) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID FRESH-WATER ALEWIVES; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; LAKE-MICHIGAN; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; GREAT-LAKES; RECRUITMENT; ONTARIO; HURON; TROUT C1 [Bence, James R.; Dobiesz, Norine E.] Michigan State Univ, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [He, Ji X.; Fielder, David G.; Johnson, James E.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lake Huron Res Stn, 160 East Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, 179 West Three Mile Rd, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Cottrill, R. Adam; Mohr, Lloyd C.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, 1450 East 7th Ave, Owen Sound, ON N4K 2Z1, Canada. [Koproski, Scott R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 480 West Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. RP He, JX (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lake Huron Res Stn, 160 East Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. EM hej@michigan.gov RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 73 IS 5 BP 865 EP 868 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0522 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL1XG UT WOS:000375425900015 ER PT J AU Linteris, GT Babushok, VI Pagliaro, JL Burgess, DR Manion, JA Takahashi, F Katta, VR Baker, PT AF Linteris, Gregory Thomas Babushok, Valeri Ivan Pagliaro, John Leonard Burgess, Donald Raymond, Jr. Manion, Jeffrey Alan Takahashi, Fumiaki Katta, Viswanath Reddy Baker, Patrick Thomas TI Understanding overpressure in the FAA aerosol can test by C3H2F3Br (2-BTP) SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE C3H2F3Br; 2-BTP; Cargo bay fire suppression; Halon replacements; CF3Br, Clean agent fire suppression ID UNWANTED COMBUSTION ENHANCEMENT; HALOGENATED FIRE SUPPRESSANTS; LAMINAR BURNING VELOCITIES; METHANE-AIR FLAMES; HALON REPLACEMENTS; CUP-BURNER; FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; GASEOUS-MIXTURES; INHIBITION AB Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, as well as perfectly-stirred reactor (PSR) simulations with detailed reaction kinetics, are performed for a potential halon replacement, C3H2F3Br (2-BTP, C3H2F3Br, 2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene), to understand the reasons for the unexpected enhanced combustion rather than suppression in a mandated FAA test. The high pressure rise with added agent is shown to depend on the amount of agent, and is well-predicted by an equilibrium model corresponding to stoichiometric reaction of fuel, oxygen, and agent. A kinetic model for the reaction of C3H2F3Br in hydrocarbon-air flames has been applied to understand differences in the chemical suppression behavior of C3H2F3Br vs. CF3Br in the FAA test. Stirred reactor simulations predict that in the conditions of the FAA test, the inhibition effectiveness of C3H2F3Br at high agent loadings is relatively insensitive to the overall stoichiometry (for fuel-lean conditions), and the marginal inhibitory effect of the agent is greatly reduced, so that the mixture remains flammable over a wide range of conditions. Most important, the flammability of the agent-air mixtures themselves (when compressively preheated), can support low-strain flames which are much more difficult to extinguish than the easy-to extinguish, high-strain primary fireball from the impulsively released fuel mixture. Hence, the exothermic reaction of halogenated hydrocarbons in air should be considered in other situations with strong ignition sources and low strain flows, especially at preheated conditions. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Linteris, Gregory Thomas; Babushok, Valeri Ivan; Pagliaro, John Leonard] NIST, Ctr Fire Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Burgess, Donald Raymond, Jr.; Manion, Jeffrey Alan] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Takahashi, Fumiaki] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Katta, Viswanath Reddy] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Baker, Patrick Thomas] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Linteris, GT (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Fire Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM linteris@nist.gov FU Boeing Company FX Helpful conversations with John Reinhardt at the FAA Technical Center are gratefully acknowledged. The work was supported by the Boeing Company, who granted NIST complete control of study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the report, and the decision to submit the article for publication. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAY PY 2016 VL 167 BP 452 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.10.022 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DK3FQ UT WOS:000374802900036 ER PT J AU Meinen, CS Luther, DS AF Meinen, Christopher S. Luther, Douglas S. TI Reply to "Comment on: Structure, transport, and vertical coherence of the Gulf Stream from the Straits of Florida to the Southeast Newfoundland Ridge, by Meinen and Luther" by Dana K. Savidge SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Meinen, Christopher S.] Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Luther, Douglas S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Meinen, CS (reprint author), Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. EM Christopher.Meinen@noaa.gov; dluther@hawaii.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 111 BP 71 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2016.02.008 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DK8FB UT WOS:000375161500007 ER PT J AU Wu, AS Xiong, XX Cao, CY Chiang, KF AF Wu, Aisheng Xiong, Xiaoxiong Cao, Changyong Chiang, Kwo-Fu TI Assessment of SNPP VIIRS VIS/NIR Radiometric Calibration Stability Using Aqua MODIS and Invariant Surface Targets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); vicarious calibration; Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) ID INTERSATELLITE CALIBRATION; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; PERFORMANCE; PRODUCTS; BANDS; SNOW AB The first Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite. As a primary sensor, it collects imagery and radiometric measurements of the land, atmosphere, cryosphere, and oceans in the spectral regions from visible (VIS) to long-wave infrared. NASA's National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) VIIRS Characterization Support Team has been actively involved in the VIIRS radiometric and geometric calibration to support its Science Team Principal Investigators for their independent quality assessment of VIIRS Environmental Data Records. This paper presents the performance assessment of the radiometric calibration stability of the VIIRS VIS and NIR spectral bands using measurements from SNPP VIIRS and AquaMODIS simultaneous nadir overpasses and over the invariant surface targets at the Libya-4 desert and Antarctic Dome Concordia snow sites. The VIIRS sensor data records (SDRs) used in this paper are reprocessed by the NASA SNPP Land Product Evaluation and Analysis Tool Element. This paper shows that the reprocessed VIIRS SDRs have been consistently calibrated from the beginning of the mission, and the calibration stability is similar to or better than MODIS. Results from different approaches indicate that the calibrations of the VIIRS VIS and NIR spectral bands are maintained to be stable to within 1% over the first three-year mission. The absolute calibration differences between VIIRS and MODIS are within 2%, with an exception for the 0.865-mu m band, after correction of their spectral response differences. C1 [Wu, Aisheng; Chiang, Kwo-Fu] Sci & Syst Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cao, Changyong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wu, AS; Chiang, KF (reprint author), Sci & Syst Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.; Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM aisheng.wu@ssaihq.com; Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov; vincent.chiang@ssaihq.com RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2016 VL 54 IS 5 BP 2918 EP 2924 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2508379 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DK5OF UT WOS:000374968500034 ER PT J AU Mejia, JF Douglas, MW Lamb, PJ AF Mejia, John F. Douglas, Michael W. Lamb, Peter J. TI Observational investigation of relationships between moisture surges and mesoscale- to large-scale convection during the North American monsoon SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE moisture surges; minor surges; mesoscale convective systems; convective outflows; tropical easterly waves; tropical cyclones; North American monsoon ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; TROPICAL EASTERLY WAVES; RAIN-GAUGE NETWORK; REGIONAL REANALYSIS; MEXICAN MONSOON; CENTRAL ARIZONA; MEAN STRUCTURE; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY AB This article consists of a comprehensive climatological study of moisture surges (MSs) in the North American monsoon (NAM) core region using a multiyear (1990-2006) set of surges, surface and upper air data, satellite-estimated mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), and North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) products. Composites of surges are created with respect to MCSs occurrence in the NAM core region. MSs are further stratified based on co-occurrence with tropical easterly waves and tropical storms/tropical cyclones. These results provide new insights into the nature of the Gulf of California (GoC) moisture flux variability and describe the influence of these multi-scale processes on the occurrence and intensity of surges and the GoC diurnal circulations-especially the Gulf of California low-level jet (GCLLJ). Results show that over the GoC Coastal Plain, MCSs modulate the diurnal cycle of the GoC low-level circulation during major surge', minor surge', and non-surge' environments. We found that MCS activity enhances the offshore flow along the eastern GoC coast, which then enhances the GCLLJ. On the other hand, immediately before major surges onset, the occurrence of MCSs over the southern GoC produces more intense surges. It is also shown that this relationship holds regardless of the intensity and type of tropical synoptic-scale disturbance forcing the surge. C1 [Mejia, John F.; Douglas, Michael W.; Lamb, Peter J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Mejia, John F.; Douglas, Michael W.; Lamb, Peter J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Mejia, John F.; Douglas, Michael W.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Mejia, John F.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Dept Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Mejia, JF (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM john.mejia@dri.edu FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; DRI faculty development funds; NSF-EPSCoR [EPS-0814372] FX This research was sponsored by the NOAA's Climate Program Office. Partial support (Mejia) was also provided by DRI faculty development funds and NSF-EPSCoR grant EPS-0814372. The authors are grateful to co-author Dr Peter Lamb (deceased 28 May 2014) for his significant contribution to this article. Ken Knapp is thanked for facilitating access to GOES satellite imagery. TRMM data used in this study were acquired from NASA's Goddard Earth Sciences Distributed Active Archive Center. Thanks are extended to the anonymous reviewers for their help in revising and improving this paper. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 36 IS 6 BP 2555 EP 2569 DI 10.1002/joc.4512 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4KK UT WOS:000375604000012 ER PT J AU Huang, B Thorne, PW Smith, TM Liu, W Lawrimore, J Banzon, VF Zhang, HM Peterson, TC Menne, M AF Huang, Boyin Thorne, Peter W. Smith, Thomas M. Liu, Wei Lawrimore, Jay Banzon, Viva F. Zhang, Huai-Min Peterson, Thomas C. Menne, Matthew TI Further Exploring and Quantifying Uncertainties for Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) Version 4 (v4) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; AIR-TEMPERATURE; SAMPLING ERROR; LAND-AIR; IN-SITU; SST; CLIMATE; OCEAN; BIASES AB The uncertainty in Extended Reconstructed SST (ERSST) version 4 (v4) is reassessed based upon 1) reconstruction uncertainties and 2) an extended exploration of parametric uncertainties. The reconstruction uncertainty (U-r) results from using a truncated (130) set of empirical orthogonal teleconnection functions (EOTs), which yields an inevitable loss of information content, primarily at a local level. The U-r is assessed based upon 32 ensemble ERSST. v4 analyses with the spatially complete monthly Optimum Interpolation SST product. The parametric uncertainty (U-p) results from using different parameter values in quality control, bias adjustments, and EOT definition etc. The U-p is assessed using a 1000-member ensemble ERSST. v4 analysis with different combinations of plausible settings of 24 identified internal parameter values. At the scale of an individual grid box, the SST uncertainty varies between 0.3 degrees and 0.7 degrees C and arises from both U-r and U-p. On the global scale, the SST uncertainty is substantially smaller (0.03 degrees-0.14 degrees C) and predominantly arises from U-p. The SST uncertainties are greatest in periods and locales of data sparseness in the nineteenth century and relatively small after the 1950s. The global uncertainty estimates in ERSST. v4 are broadly consistent with independent estimates arising from the Hadley Centre SST dataset version 3 (HadSST3) and Centennial Observation-Based Estimates of SST version 2 (COBE-SST2). The uncertainty in the internal parameter values in quality control and bias adjustments can impact the SST trends in both the long-term (1901-2014) and "hiatus" (2000-14) periods. C1 [Huang, Boyin; Lawrimore, Jay; Banzon, Viva F.; Zhang, Huai-Min; Peterson, Thomas C.; Menne, Matthew] Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Thorne, Peter W.] Maynooth Univ, Dept Geog, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. [Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, NOAA STAR SCSB, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, CICS ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Wei] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Huang, B (reprint author), NCEP, Ctr Coasts Oceans & Geophys, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM boyin.huang@noaa.gov RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010; Banzon, Viva/D-5499-2014; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 29 IS 9 BP 3119 EP 3142 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0430.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK8AD UT WOS:000375147800002 ER PT J AU Li, F Vikhliaev, YV Newman, PA Pawson, S Perlwitz, J Waugh, DW Douglass, AR AF Li, Feng Vikhliaev, Yury V. Newman, Paul A. Pawson, Steven Perlwitz, Judith Waugh, Darryn W. Douglass, Anne R. TI Impacts of Interactive Stratospheric Chemistry on Antarctic and Southern Ocean Climate Change in the Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS-5) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE EXTENT; OZONE DEPLETION; CMIP5 MODELS; CIRCULATION; TRENDS; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; FORMULATION; BIASES; WINDS AB Stratospheric ozone depletion plays a major role in driving climate change in the Southern Hemisphere. To date, many climate models prescribe the stratospheric ozone layer's evolution using monthly and zonally averaged ozone fields. However, the prescribed ozone underestimates Antarctic ozone depletion and lacks zonal asymmetries. This study investigates the impact of using interactive stratospheric chemistry instead of prescribed ozone on climate change simulations of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. Two sets of 1960-2010 ensemble transient simulations are conducted with the coupled ocean version of the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, version 5: one with interactive stratospheric chemistry and the other with prescribed ozone derived from the same interactive simulations. The model's climatology is evaluated using observations and reanalysis. Comparison of the 1979-2010 climate trends between these two simulations reveals that interactive chemistry has important effects on climate change not only in the Antarctic stratosphere, troposphere, and surface, but also in the Southern Ocean and Antarctic sea ice. Interactive chemistry causes stronger Antarctic lower stratosphere cooling and circumpolar westerly acceleration during November-January. It enhances stratosphere-troposphere coupling and leads to significantly larger tropospheric and surface westerly changes. The significantly stronger surface wind stress trends cause larger increases of the Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation, leading to year-round stronger ocean warming near the surface and enhanced Antarctic sea ice decrease. C1 [Li, Feng; Vikhliaev, Yury V.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD USA. [Li, Feng; Newman, Paul A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vikhliaev, Yury V.; Pawson, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perlwitz, Judith] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Waugh, Darryn W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Li, F (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM feng.li@nasa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016; Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798; FU NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program (MAP); Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP); U.S. National Science Foundation FX This work is supported by NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program (MAP) and Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP). D.W.W. is funded, in part, by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation. Computational resources for this work were provided by NASA's High-Performance Computing though the generous award of computing time at NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) and NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 29 IS 9 BP 3199 EP 3218 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0572.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK8AD UT WOS:000375147800006 ER PT J AU Meek, ME Van Dolah, FM AF Meek, Megan E. Van Dolah, Frances M. TI Phytoplankton IF-FISH: Species-specific labeling of cellular proteins by immunofluorescence (IF) with simultaneous species identification by fluorescence immunohybridization (FISH) SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Immunofluorescence; In situ hybridization; Dinoflagellate; Karenia brevis; Phytoplankton; Flow cytometry ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; DINOFLAGELLATE KARENIA-BREVIS; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; NUCLEAR ANTIGEN GENE; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GROWTH-CHARACTERISTICS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CYCLE PROTEINS AB Phytoplankton rarely occur as unialgal populations. Therefore, to study species-specific protein expression, indicative of physiological status in natural populations, methods are needed that will both assay for a protein of interest and identify the species expressing it. Here we describe a protocol for IF-FISH, a dual labeling procedure using immunofluorescence (IF) labeling of a protein of interest followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify the species expressing that protein. The protocol was developed to monitor expression of the cell cycle marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, using a large subunit (LSU) rRNA probe to identify K. brevis in a mixed population of morphologically similar Karenia species. We present this protocol as proof of concept that IF-FISH can be successfully applied to phytoplankton cells. This method is widely applicable for the analysis of single-cell protein expression of any protein of interest within phytoplankton communities. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Meek, Megan E.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] Coll Charleston, Grad Program Marine Biol, Grice Marine Lab, 205 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Meek, Megan E.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Meek, ME (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Grad Program Marine Biol, Grice Marine Lab, 205 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.; Meek, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM meekme@g.cofc.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 EI 1872-8359 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAY PY 2016 VL 124 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.02.017 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA DK8FR UT WOS:000375163100004 PM 26948044 ER PT J AU Barros, M Heinrich, F Datta, SAK Rein, A Karageorgos, I Nanda, H Losche, M AF Barros, Marilia Heinrich, Frank Datta, Siddhartha A. K. Rein, Alan Karageorgos, Ioannis Nanda, Hirsh Loesche, Mathias TI Membrane Binding of HIV-1 Matrix Protein: Dependence on Bilayer Composition and Protein Lipidation SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MURINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; TYPE-1 GAG; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS; RETROVIRAL MATRIX; FATTY-ACIDS; CHOLESTEROL; DOMAIN; LIPIDS AB By assembling in a protein lattice on the host's plasma membrane, the retroviral Gag polyprotein triggers formation of the viral protein/membrane shell. The MA domain of Gag employs multiple signals-electrostatic, hydrophobic, and lipid-specific-to bring the protein to the plasma membrane, thereby complementing protein-protein interactions, located in full-length Gag, in lattice formation. We report the interaction of myristoylated and unmyristoylated HIV-1 Gag MA domains with bilayers composed of purified lipid components to dissect these complex membrane signals and quantify their contributions to the overall interaction. Surface plasmon resonance on well-defined planar membrane models is used to quantify binding affinities and amounts of protein and yields free binding energy contributions, Delta G, of the various signals. Charge-charge interactions in the absence of the phosphatidylinositide PI(4,5)P-2 attract the protein to acidic membrane surfaces, and myristoylation increases the affinity by a factor of 10; thus, our data do not provide evidence for a PI(4,5)P-2 trigger of myristate exposure. Lipid-specific interactions with PI(4,5)P-2, the major signal lipid in the inner plasma membrane, increase membrane attraction at a level similar to that of protein lipidation. While cholesterol does not directly engage in interactions, it augments protein affinity strongly by facilitating efficient myristate insertion and PI(4,5)P-2 binding. We thus observe that the isolated MA protein, in the absence of protein-protein interaction conferred by the full-length Gag, binds the membrane with submicromolar affinities. C1 [Barros, Marilia; Heinrich, Frank; Nanda, Hirsh; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank; Nanda, Hirsh; Loesche, Mathias] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Datta, Siddhartha A. K.; Rein, Alan] NCI, HIV Dynam & Replicat Program, Ctr Canc Res, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Karageorgos, Ioannis] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Karageorgos, Ioannis] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Nanda, Hirsh] Janssen LLC, Spring House, PA USA. RP Losche, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.; Losche, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.; Losche, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Rein, A (reprint author), NCI, HIV Dynam & Replicat Program, Ctr Canc Res, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. EM reina@mail.nih.gov; quench@cmu.edu RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X; Datta, Siddhartha/0000-0002-4098-7490 FU HHS \ NIH \ National Cancer Institute (NCI); HHS \ NIH \ National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [R01GM101647] FX This work, including the efforts of Alan Rein, was funded by HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar National Cancer Institute (NCI). This work, including the efforts of Marilia Barros and Mathias Losche, was funded by HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) (R01GM101647). NR 80 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 90 IS 9 BP 4544 EP 4555 DI 10.1128/JVI.02820-15 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA DK7SG UT WOS:000375125400026 PM 26912608 ER PT J AU MacDonald, AE Clack, CTM Alexander, A Dunbar, A Wilczak, J Xie, YF AF MacDonald, Alexander E. Clack, Christopher T. M. Alexander, Anneliese Dunbar, Adam Wilczak, James Xie, Yuanfu TI Future cost-competitive electricity systems and their impact on US CO2 emissions SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY AB Carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation are a major cause of anthropogenic climate change. The deployment of wind and solar power reduces these emissions, but is subject to the variability of the weather. In the present study, we calculate the cost-optimized configuration of variable electrical power generators using weather data with high spatial (13-km) and temporal (60-min) resolution over the contiguous US. Our results show that when using future anticipated costs for wind and solar, carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector can be reduced by up to 80% relative to 1990 levels, without an increase in the levelized cost of electricity. The reductions are possible with current technologies and without electrical storage. Wind and solar power increase their share of electricity production as the system grows to encompass large-scale weather patterns. This reduction in carbon emissions is achieved by moving away from a regionally divided electricity sector to a national system enabled by high-voltage direct-current transmission. C1 [MacDonald, Alexander E.; Clack, Christopher T. M.; Alexander, Anneliese; Dunbar, Adam; Wilczak, James; Xie, Yuanfu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Clack, Christopher T. M.; Alexander, Anneliese] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP MacDonald, AE; Clack, CTM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Clack, CTM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM alexander.e.macdonald@noaa.gov; christopher.clack@noaa.gov RI Clack, Christopher/E-4234-2013 OI Clack, Christopher/0000-0003-3280-9747 FU Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX The authors would like to thank M. Marquis and A. Reiser for their comments on the paper. The Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration provided funding for the project. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 11 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 6 IS 5 BP 526 EP 531 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2921 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK7SE UT WOS:000375125200023 ER PT J AU Yang, KY Beha, K Cole, DC Yi, X Del'Haye, P Lee, H Li, J Oh, DY Diddams, SA Papp, SB Vahala, KJ AF Yang, Ki Youl Beha, Katja Cole, Daniel C. Yi, Xu Del'Haye, Pascal Lee, Hansuek Li, Jiang Oh, Dong Yoon Diddams, Scott A. Papp, Scott B. Vahala, Kerry J. TI Broadband dispersion-engineered microresonator on a chip SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY COMB GENERATION; SINGLE-MODE FIBERS; MU-M; RAMAN LASER; SILICA; INDEX; MICROCAVITY; RESONATOR; REGION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The control of dispersion in fibre optical waveguides is of critical importance to optical fibre communications systems(1,2) and more recently for continuum generation from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared(3-5). The wavelength at which the group velocity dispersion crosses zero can be set by varying the fibre core diameter or index step(2,6-8). Moreover, sophisticated methods to manipulate higher-order dispersion so as to shape and even flatten the dispersion over wide bandwidths are possible using multi-cladding fibres(9-11). Here we introduce design and fabrication techniques that allow analogous dispersion control in chip-integrated optical microresonators, and thereby demonstrate higher-order, wide-bandwidth dispersion control over an octave of spectrum. Importantly, the fabrication method we employ for dispersion control simultaneously permits optical Q factors above 100 million, which is critical for the efficient operation of nonlinear optical oscillators. Dispersion control in high-Q systems has become of great importance in recent years with increased interest in chip-integrable optical frequency combs(12-32). C1 [Yang, Ki Youl; Yi, Xu; Lee, Hansuek; Li, Jiang; Oh, Dong Yoon; Vahala, Kerry J.] CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Beha, Katja; Cole, Daniel C.; Del'Haye, Pascal; Diddams, Scott A.; Papp, Scott B.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vahala, KJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vahala@caltech.edu RI Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016; Lee, Hansuek/G-2007-2015; OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942; Lee, Hansuek/0000-0002-0748-7662; Yang, Ki Youl/0000-0002-0587-3201 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under the QuASAR program; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Kavli Nanoscience Institute; Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSF GRFP [DGE 1144083] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under the QuASAR program, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Kavli Nanoscience Institute and the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. D.C.C. acknowledges support from the NSF GRFP under Grant No. DGE 1144083. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 18 U2 43 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD MAY PY 2016 VL 10 IS 5 BP 316 EP + DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2016.36 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA DK5SH UT WOS:000374980100013 ER PT J AU Balram, KC Davanco, MI Song, JD Srinivasan, K AF Balram, Krishna C. Davanco, Marcelo I. Song, Jin Dong Srinivasan, Kartik TI Coherent coupling between radiofrequency, optical and acoustic waves in piezo-optomechanical circuits SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; CAVITY OPTOMECHANICS; INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; MICROWAVE; GUIDES; RESONATORS; MODULATION; LIGHT; FREQUENCIES; CONVERSION AB Optomechanical cavities have been studied for applications ranging from sensing to quantum information science. Here, we develop a platform for nanoscale cavity optomechanical circuits in which optomechanical cavities supporting co-localized 1,550 nm photons and 2.4 GHz phonons are combined with photonic and phononic waveguides. Working in GaAs facilitates manipulation of the localized mechanical mode either with a radiofrequency field through the piezo-electric effect, which produces acoustic waves that are routed and coupled to the optomechanical cavity by phononic-crystal waveguides, or optically through the strong photoelastic effect. Together with mechanical state preparation and sensitive readout, we use this to demonstrate an acoustic wave interference effect, similar to atomic coherent population trapping, in which radiofrequency-driven coherent mechanical motion is cancelled by optically driven motion. Manipulating cavity optomechanical systems with equal facility through both photonic and phononic channels enables new architectures for signal transduction between the optical, electrical and mechanical domains. C1 [Balram, Krishna C.; Davanco, Marcelo I.; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balram, Krishna C.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Song, Jin Dong] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Optoelect Mat & Devices Res, Seoul 136791, South Korea. RP Balram, KC; Srinivasan, K (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Balram, KC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM krishna.coimbatorebalram@nist.gov; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NIST-CNST [70NANB10H193]; KIST flagship institutional programme; DARPA MESO programme FX K.C.B. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST-CNST (award no. 70NANB10H193). J.D.S. acknowledges support from the KIST flagship institutional programme. The authors thank D. Rutter and A. Band for help with microwave electronics. This work was partially supported by the DARPA MESO programme. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 22 U2 42 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD MAY PY 2016 VL 10 IS 5 BP 346 EP + DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2016.46 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA DK5SH UT WOS:000374980100018 PM 27446234 ER PT J AU Himes-Cornell, A Maguire, C Kasperski, S Hoelting, K Pollnac, R AF Himes-Cornell, Amber Maguire, Conor Kasperski, Stephen Hoelting, Kristin Pollnac, Richard TI Understanding vulnerability in Alaska fishing communities: A validation methodology for rapid assessment of indices related to well-being SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Social indices; Validity; Groundtruthing; Well-being; Alaska fishing communities ID MIXED METHODS RESEARCH; SOCIAL VULNERABILITY; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INDICATORS; AGREEMENT; VALIDITY; CONTEXT; SCALES; KAPPA C1 [Himes-Cornell, Amber; Kasperski, Stephen] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Himes-Cornell, Amber] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, AMURE LABEX IUEM, 12 Rue Kergoat,CS 93837, F-29238 Brest 3, France. [Maguire, Conor] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, 205 SE Spokane St,Suite 100, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Hoelting, Kristin] Colorado State Univ, Human Dimens Nat Resources, 1480 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pollnac, Richard] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Marine Affairs, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Himes-Cornell, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.; Himes-Cornell, A (reprint author), Univ Bretagne Occidentale, AMURE LABEX IUEM, 12 Rue Kergoat,CS 93837, F-29238 Brest 3, France. EM amber.himes-cornell@noaa.gov; conormag60@gmail.com; stephen.kasperski@noaa.gov; kristin.hoelting@colostate.edu; pollnacrb@gmail.com OI Himes-Cornell, Amber/0000-0003-3695-2241 FU NMFS Office of Science and Technology FX We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the residents in each of the communities we visited for their participation in this study. We also greatly appreciate the help that Ben Fissel, Alan Haynie, the AFSC Publications Unit, and the reviewers and editorial staff of this journal provided in the development of this paper. This research has been fully funded by the NMFS Office of Science and Technology. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 124 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.02.004 PG 13 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA DK0KN UT WOS:000374601800006 ER PT J AU Goodfriend, E Chow, FK Vanella, M Balaras, E AF Goodfriend, Elijah Chow, Fotini Katopodes Vanella, Marcos Balaras, Elias TI Large-Eddy Simulation of Flow Through an Array of Cubes with Local Grid Refinement SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Grid refinement; Large-eddy simulation; Urban dispersion ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; BOUNDARY-LAYER-FLOW; SUBGRID-SCALE MODEL; TURBULENT-FLOW; HEAT-TRANSFER; WALL; RECONSTRUCTION; DISPERSION; PREDICTION; DIFFUSION AB High resolution simulations of the transport of urban contaminants are important for disaster response and city planning. Large-eddy simulation (LES) and mesh refinement can each be used to decrease the computational cost of modelling, but combining these techniques can result in additional errors at grid-refinement interfaces. Here, we study the effect of the turbulence closure on the accuracy of LES results, for grids with mesh refinement, in a test case of flow through a periodic array of cubes. It is found that a mixed-model turbulence closure, using both an eddy viscosity and a scale similarity component, reduces energy accumulation at grid-refinement interfaces when used with explicit filtering of the advection term. The mixed model must be used with explicit filtering to control high wavenumber errors generated by the non-linear scale-similarity model. The results demonstrate that the turbulence closure mitigates errors associated with using LES on block-structured grids for urban-flow simulations. C1 [Goodfriend, Elijah] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mail Stop 50A-1148, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chow, Fotini Katopodes] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vanella, Marcos] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Washington, DC USA. [Balaras, Elias] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Goodfriend, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mail Stop 50A-1148, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM egoodfriend@lbl.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CBET-933642]; Department of Defense National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship; NSF; NASA/AISR project [NNG04GP79G] FX We are grateful for support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant CBET-933642 (Fluid Dynamics Program). Funding for the first author was also provided by a Department of Defense National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship. Acknowledgement is also made to the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is sponsored by NSF, for computing time used in this research. Computing time was also provided by the University of California at Berkeley. The PARAMESH software used in this work was developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and Drexel University under NASA's HPCC and ESTO/CT projects and under grant NNG04GP79G from the NASA/AISR project. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 159 IS 2 BP 285 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s10546-016-0128-y PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1IQ UT WOS:000374666100006 ER PT J AU Mullins, WM Chong, D Gayle, FW Hyland, R Mcguffin-Cawley, J AF Mullins, William M. Chong, Dianne Gayle, Frank W. Hyland, Robert, Jr. Mcguffin-Cawley, James TI The First TMS Summit on Integrated Manufacturing and Materials Innovation: Overview and Highlights SO JOM LA English DT Article ID PROGRESS C1 [Mullins, William M.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Gayle, Frank W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hyland, Robert, Jr.] US Steel Corp, Munhall, PA USA. [Mcguffin-Cawley, James] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Gayle, FW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frank.gayle@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAY PY 2016 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1350 EP 1352 DI 10.1007/s11837-016-1885-2 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA DJ6VQ UT WOS:000374351700013 ER PT J AU Dzuba, VA Flambaum, VV Safronova, MS Porsev, SG Pruttivarasin, T Hohensee, MA Haffner, H AF Dzuba, V. A. Flambaum, V. V. Safronova, M. S. Porsev, S. G. Pruttivarasin, T. Hohensee, M. A. Haffner, H. TI Strongly enhanced effects of Lorentz symmetry violation in entangled Yb+ ions SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CPT VIOLATION; INVARIANCE; MATTER AB A number of theories aiming at unifying gravity with other fundamental interactions, including field theory, suggest the violation of Lorentz symmetry(1-3). Whereas the energy scale of such strongly Lorentz-symmetry-violating physics is much higher than that attainable at present by particle accelerators, Lorentz violation may nevertheless be detectable via precision measurements at low energies(2). Here, we carry out a systematic theoretical investigation to identify which atom shows the greatest promise for detecting a Lorentz symmetry violation in the electron-photon sector. We found that the ytterbium ion (Yb+) is an ideal system with high sensitivity, as well as excellent experimental controllability. By applying quantum-information-inspired technology to Yb+, we expect tests of local Lorentz invariance (LLI) violating physics in the electron-photon sector to reach levels of 10(-23)-five orders of magnitude more sensitive than the current best bounds(4-6). C1 [Dzuba, V. A.; Flambaum, V. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Safronova, M. S.; Porsev, S. G.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Porsev, S. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Distr, Russia. [Pruttivarasin, T.] RIKEN, Quantum Metrol Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Hohensee, M. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Haffner, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.; Safronova, MS (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM msafrono@udel.edu RI Haeffner, Hartmut/D-8046-2012 OI Haeffner, Hartmut/0000-0002-5113-9622 FU UNSW; NSF CAREER [PHY 0955650]; NSF [PHY 1212442, PHY 1404156, PHY 1507160, PHY 1520993]; Australian Research Council; US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; RIKEN's Foreign Postdoc Researcher Program FX M.S.S. thanks the School of Physics at UNSW, Sydney, Australia for hospitality and acknowledges support from the Gordon Godfrey Fellowship programme, UNSW. This work was supported by the NSF CAREER Program grant # PHY 0955650, NSF grants # PHY 1212442, # PHY 1404156, # PHY 1507160 and # PHY 1520993, the Australian Research Council and was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. T.P. is supported by RIKEN's Foreign Postdoc Researcher Program. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 12 IS 5 BP 465 EP + DI 10.1038/NPHYS3610 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DK9MR UT WOS:000375255000017 ER PT J AU Moody, D Paul, S Smith-Tone, D AF Moody, Dustin Paul, Souradyuti Smith-Tone, Daniel TI Improved indifferentiability security bound for the JH mode SO DESIGNS CODES AND CRYPTOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Indifferentiability; Security; Hash functions; JH mode of operation ID HASH FUNCTIONS; DIGITAL-SIGNATURES; ATTACKS; MULTICOLLISIONS; CHECKSUMS AB Indifferentiability security of a hash mode of operation guarantees the mode's resistance against all generic attacks. It is also useful to establish the security of protocols that use hash functions as random functions. The JH hash function was one of the five finalists in the National Institute of Standards and Technology SHA-3 hash function competition. Despite several years of analysis, the indifferentiability security of the JH mode has remained remarkably low, only at bits, while the two finalist modes Keccak and Grostl offer a security guarantee of bits. Note all these three modes operate with -bit digest and -bit permutations. In this paper, we improve the indifferentiability security bound for the JH mode to bits (e.g. from approximately 171 to 256 bits when ). To put this into perspective, our result guarantees the absence of (non-trivial) attacks on both the JH-256 and JH-512 hash functions with time less than approximately computations of the underlying 1024-bit permutation, under the assumption that the underlying permutations can be modeled as an ideal permutation. Our bounds are optimal for JH-256, and the best known for JH-512. We obtain this improved bound by establishing an isomorphism of certain query-response graphs through a careful design of the simulators and bad events. Our experimental data strongly supports the theoretically obtained results. C1 [Moody, Dustin; Smith-Tone, Daniel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. [Paul, Souradyuti] Indian Inst Technol IIT Gandhinagar, Comp Sci & Engn, Ahmadabad 382424, Gujarat, India. [Smith-Tone, Daniel] Univ Louisville, Dept Math, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Moody, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. EM dustin.moody@nist.gov; souradyutip@iitgn.ac.in NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-1022 EI 1573-7586 J9 DESIGN CODE CRYPTOGR JI Designs Codes Cryptogr. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 79 IS 2 BP 237 EP 259 DI 10.1007/s10623-015-0047-9 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA DI9YG UT WOS:000373858000004 ER PT J AU Rooker, JR Wells, RJD Itano, DG Thorrold, SR Lee, JM AF Rooker, Jay R. Wells, R. J. David Itano, David G. Thorrold, Simon R. Lee, Jessica M. TI Natal origin and population connectivity of bigeye and yellowfin tuna in the Pacific Ocean SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE equatorial Pacific; isotopes; migration; natal origin; otolith chemistry; pelagic; stable isotopes; trace elements; stock mixing ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; OTOLITH REFERENCE MATERIAL; STOCK FISHERY COMPOSITION; THUNNUS-ALBACARES; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; QUALITY-ASSURANCE; STABLE-ISOTOPES; MARINE FISH; SR-CA; MOVEMENTS AB Natural chemical markers (stable isotopes and trace elements) in otoliths of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin tuna (T.albacares) were used to investigate their origin and spatial histories in the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO). Otolith chemistry of young-of-the-year (YOY) T.obesus and T.albacares from four regions in the WCPO was first determined and used to establish baseline chemical signatures for each region. Spatial variation in stable isotope ratios of YOY T.obesus and T.albacares was detected, with the most noticeable difference being depleted otolith O-18 values for both species from the far west equatorial and west equatorial regions relative to the central equatorial and Hawaii regions. Elemental ratios in otoliths were also quantified for YOY T.obesus and T.albacares collected in 2008, and several showed promise for distinguishing YOY T.obesus (Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, and Ba:Ca) and T.albacares (Li:Ca and Sr:Ca). The natal origin of age-1 to age-2+ T.obesus and T.albacares was then determined for two regions of the WCPO, and mixed-stock analysis indicated that T.obesus and T.albacares in our west equatorial sample were almost entirely from local production, with a minor contribution from central equatorial waters. Similarly, T. albacares collected in Hawaii were exclusively from local sources; however, a large fraction of T.obesus in Hawaii were classified to the central equatorial region, suggesting that the movement of migrants from outside production zones (i.e., south of Hawaii) are important to Hawaii's domestic fishery. C1 [Rooker, Jay R.; Wells, R. J. David; Lee, Jessica M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 1001 Texas Clipper Rd, Galveston, TX 77554 USA. [Rooker, Jay R.; Wells, R. J. David] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Itano, David G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Reg, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd,Suite 1110, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Thorrold, Simon R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Rooker, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 1001 Texas Clipper Rd, Galveston, TX 77554 USA.; Rooker, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rookerj@tamug.edu RI Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012 OI Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517 FU University of Hawai'i Pelagic Fisheries Research Program (JIMAR project) [651106] FX Funding for this work was provided by the University of Hawai'i Pelagic Fisheries Research Program (JIMAR project 651106 to JRR). A special thanks to G. Castrence, P. Conley, J. Dettling, D. Dettman, B. Fukuda, D. Fuller, E-J Kim, K. Lind, J. Muir, B. Muller, K. Pollock, K. Schaefer, D. Secor, S. Tobiason, R. Wingate and T. Usu. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 277 EP 291 DI 10.1111/fog.12154 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA DJ0WE UT WOS:000373924300006 ER PT J AU Keller, AA Buchanan, JC Steiner, E Draper, D Chappell, A Frey, P Head, MA AF Keller, Aimee A. Buchanan, John C. Steiner, Erin Draper, Doug Chappell, Aaron Frey, Peter Head, Melissa A. TI Size at maturity for grooved Tanner crab (Chionoecetes tanneri) along the US west coast (Washington to California) SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE abdominal width; allometric relationships; carapace width; chela length; size at 50% maturity ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; OPILIO BRACHYURA; SNOW CRAB; BIOLOGY; MAJIDAE; GROWTH AB We conducted a multiyear study to examine interannual variability in the mean size (carapace width, mm), maturity size (mm) and depth (m) for grooved Tanner crab (Chionoecetes tanneri (Rathbun, 1893)) along the U.S. west coast. An additional goal was to provide updated estimates of carapace width (mm) at 50% maturity (W-50) for male and female grooved Tanner crab and assess changes over time. Randomly selected samples came from trawl surveys undertaken annually by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center at depths of 55 to 1280m. We used allometric relationships between carapace width (CW) and either abdominal width (AW) (females) or chela length (CL) (males) to determine functional maturity by sex. We evaluated maturity by fitting logistic regression models to proportion mature grooved Tanner crab. W-50 varied significantly between males (125.2mm) and females (89.1mm) but interannual differences were slight. The annual mean CW were greater for mature males (139.9-143.4mm) relative to females (98.8-100.4mm). The average sizes of immature grooved Tanner crab varied between sexes with males (75.7-84.6mm) larger than females (66.7-71.9mm). Size frequency distributions indicated little overlap in the size of mature male and female grooved Tanner crab but considerable overlap between immature grooved Tanner crab. The best model expressing complexity in growth incorporated width, sex and maturity stage. Depth ranged from 195-1254m with the average depth of a mature grooved Tanner crab (females, 737m; males, 767m) significantly shallower than an immature (females, 949m; males, 918m) grooved Tanner crab. C1 [Keller, Aimee A.; Steiner, Erin] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Buchanan, John C.; Draper, Doug; Chappell, Aaron; Frey, Peter; Head, Melissa A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2032 S OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Keller, AA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Aimee.Keller@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 292 EP 305 DI 10.1111/fog.12155 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA DJ0WE UT WOS:000373924300007 ER PT J AU Domingues, R Goni, G Bringas, F Muhling, B Lindo-Atichati, D Walter, J AF Domingues, Ricardo Goni, Gustavo Bringas, Francis Muhling, Barbara Lindo-Atichati, David Walter, John TI Variability of preferred environmental conditions for Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) larvae in the Gulf of Mexico during 1993-2011 SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE environmental index; fisheries oceanography; fronts and eddies; ichthyoplankton distribution; loop current; mesoscale features; satellite altimetry ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MARINE FISH; SPAWNING GROUNDS; SATELLITE; HABITAT; GROWTH; PREFERENCES; MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENTS; MORTALITY AB The Gulf of Mexico (GOM) is the primary spawning ground for western Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). In this work, information reported by previous studies about the preferred environmental conditions for the occurrence of bluefin tuna larvae in the GOM is integrated into a dimensionless index, the BFT_Index. This index is used to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of areas with favorable environmental conditions for larvae within the GOM during 1993-2011. The main findings of this work are that: (i) the proposed index successfully captures the spatial and temporal variability in the insitu occurrence of bluefin tuna larvae; (ii) areas with favorable environmental conditions for larvae in the GOM exhibit year-to-year spatial and temporal variability linked with mesoscale ocean features and sea surface temperature; and (iii) comparison of the BFT_Index-derived variability with recruitment of age-0 fish estimated from recent stock assessment indicates that changes in environmental conditions may drive a relevant component (similar to 58%) of the recruitment variability. The comparison with the recruitment dataset further revealed the existence of key regions linked with recruitment in the central/northern GOM, and that the Loop Current may function as a trap for larvae, possibly leading to low survival rates. Above (below) average conditions for occurrence of larvae in the GOM during spring were observed in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2006-2008, and 2011 (1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2003 and 2010). Results reported here have potential applications to assessment of bluefin tuna. C1 [Domingues, Ricardo] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Domingues, Ricardo; Goni, Gustavo; Bringas, Francis] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Muhling, Barbara] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Forrestal Campus,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Muhling, Barbara] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lindo-Atichati, David] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Engn Sci & Phys, 2800 Victory Blvd, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Lindo-Atichati, David] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Walter, John] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Domingues, R (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Domingues, R (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ricardo.domingues@noaa.gov RI Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; Domingues, Ricardo/A-9842-2017; Bringas, Francis/C-4442-2013; OI Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; Domingues, Ricardo/0000-0002-6295-2440; Lindo-Atichati, David/0000-0003-4299-1589 FU CNES; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), University of Miami; NASA grant [NNX11AP76G]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX The altimetry SSH products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs, distributed by AVISO, and supported by the CNES (available at: http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/). NOAA High-Resolution SST data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). The authors would like to thank the staff at the Polish Plankton Sorting and Identification Center in Szczecin, Poland, and all the captains and crew of the NOAA ships used to collect data on the SEAMAP cruises. The authors would also like to thank Dr Yanyun Liu, Dr. Elizabeth Johns, Dr Alex Chester, Dr Mandy Karnauskas, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions on the manuscript. This research was carried out under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), University of Miami, and funded by NASA grant NNX11AP76G "Management and conservation of Atlantic Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) and other highly migratory fish in the Gulf of Mexico under IPCC climate change scenarios", and supported by the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, and the NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 320 EP 336 DI 10.1111/fog.12152 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA DJ0WE UT WOS:000373924300009 ER PT J AU Lin, JE Hard, JJ Naish, KA Peterson, D Hilborn, R Hauser, L AF Lin, J. E. Hard, J. J. Naish, K. A. Peterson, D. Hilborn, R. Hauser, L. TI It's a bear market: evolutionary and ecological effects of predation on two wild sockeye salmon populations SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; BROWN BEARS; BODY-SIZE; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; SEXUAL SELECTION; PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; PARENTAGE AB Predation can affect both phenotypic variation and population productivity in the wild, but quantifying evolutionary and demographic effects of predation in natural environments is challenging. The aim of this study was to estimate selection differentials and coefficients associated with brown bear (Ursus arctos) predation in wild sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations spawning in pristine habitat that is often subject to intense predation pressure. Using reconstructed genetic pedigrees, individual reproductive success (RS) was estimated in two sockeye salmon populations for two consecutive brood years with very different predation intensities across brood years. Phenotypic data on individual adult body length, body depth, stream entry timing and reproductive lifespan were used to calculate selection coefficients based on RS, and genetic variance components were estimated using animal models. Bears consistently killed larger and more recently arrived adults, although selection differentials were small. In both populations, mean RS was higher in the brood year experiencing lower predation intensity. Selection coefficients were similar across brood years with different levels of predation, often indicating stabilizing selection on reproductive lifespan as well as directional selection for longer reproductive lifespan. Despite these selection pressures, genetic covariation of morphology, phenology and lifespan appears to have maintained variation in spawner body size and stream entry timing in both populations. Our results therefore suggest considerable demographic but limited evolutionary effects of bear predation in the two study populations. C1 [Lin, J. E.; Naish, K. A.; Peterson, D.; Hilborn, R.; Hauser, L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hard, J. J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Peterson, D.] Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, 319 Morrill S,611 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Lin, JE (reprint author), Ocean Outcomes, 421 SW Sixth Ave,Ste 1400, Portland, OR 97204 USA. EM jocelynlin98@gmail.com RI Hauser, Lorenz/E-4365-2010; OI Peterson, Daniel/0000-0002-3024-3068 FU Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University via a grant from the Pew Charitable Trusts; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0410437]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; National Marine Fisheries Service/Sea Grant Joint Graduate Fellowship in Population Dynamics and Marine Resource Economics FX Anne Hilborn, Ulrike Hilborn, Peter Westley, Allan Hicks, Daniel Schindler and Jackie Carter helped collect the field data, Melissa Baird provided genotypes, Curry Cunningham provided fishery selectivity data and Miyako Kodama assisted with the selection coefficient analysis. We also thank Tom Quinn for comments that helped improve the manuscript. Support was provided by the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University via a grant from the Pew Charitable Trusts, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the National Science Foundation (NSF grant #OCE-0410437). Jocelyn Lin also received funding from an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and a National Marine Fisheries Service/Sea Grant Joint Graduate Fellowship in Population Dynamics and Marine Resource Economics. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X EI 1365-2540 J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD MAY PY 2016 VL 116 IS 5 BP 447 EP 457 DI 10.1038/hdy.2016.3 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DJ3TT UT WOS:000374130300004 PM 26860201 ER PT J AU Lehnert, H Stone, RP AF Lehnert, Helmut Stone, Robert P. TI Two new species of sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE new species; Megaciella; Cladocroce; Chalinidae; Acarnidae; Porifera; Aleutian Islands; North Pacific ID SP-NOV PORIFERA; USA; ASTROPHORIDA AB Two new demosponges, Megaciella pituitosa and Cladocroce toxifera, are described from the Aleutian Islands, fostering our contention that the region is a hotspot of poriferan biodiversity. Seven of the thirteen species of Megaciella now known worldwide occur in the Sea of Okhotsk or around the Aleutian Islands. Similarly, five of the sixteen species of Cladocroce known worldwide occur in Alaska. Megaciella pituitosa sp. nov. possesses two categories of choanosomal styles and spicules of different sizes that differentiate it from all known congeners. Cladocroce toxifera sp. nov. differs from all known congeners by possessing toxa and an ectosomal tangential arrangement of oxeas. C1 [Lehnert, Helmut] Eichenstr 14, D-86507 Oberottmarshausen, Germany. [Lehnert, Helmut] Univ Munich, GeoBioCtr, Richard Wagner Str 10, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Stone, Robert P.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Lehnert, H (reprint author), Eichenstr 14, D-86507 Oberottmarshausen, Germany.; Lehnert, H (reprint author), Univ Munich, GeoBioCtr, Richard Wagner Str 10, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM Lehnert@spongetaxonomics.de FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center of NOAA/NMFS FX Helmut Lehnert was supported by a contract from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center of NOAA/NMFS. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 EI 1469-7769 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 26 IS 3 BP 673 EP 680 DI 10.1017/S0025315414001131 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DJ0UM UT WOS:000373919900011 ER PT J AU McKinney, GJ Seeb, LW Larson, WA Gomez-Uchida, D Limborg, MT Brieuc, MSO Everett, MV Naish, KA Waples, RK Seeb, JE AF McKinney, G. J. Seeb, L. W. Larson, W. A. Gomez-Uchida, D. Limborg, M. T. Brieuc, M. S. O. Everett, M. V. Naish, K. A. Waples, R. K. Seeb, J. E. TI An integrated linkage map reveals candidate genes underlying adaptive variation in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE adaptation; duplicated genome; linkage mapping; population differentiation; RAD sequence ID TEMPORALLY ISOLATED LINEAGES; GENOME DUPLICATION EVENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; HEAT-SHOCK; POPULATION-GENETICS; CHAPERONE ACTIVITY; PINK SALMON; DIVERGENCE; MYKISS; SALAR AB Salmonids are an important cultural and ecological resource exhibiting near worldwide distribution between their native and introduced range. Previous research has generated linkage maps and genomic resources for several species as well as genome assemblies for two species. We first leveraged improvements in mapping and genotyping methods to create a dense linkage map for Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha by assembling family data from different sources. We successfully mapped 14620 SNP loci including 2336 paralogs in subtelomeric regions. This improved map was then used as a foundation to integrate genomic resources for gene annotation and population genomic analyses. We anchored a total of 286 scaffolds from the Atlantic salmon genome to the linkage map to provide a framework for the placement 11728 Chinook salmon ESTs. Previously identified thermotolerance QTL were found to colocalize with several candidate genes including HSP70, a gene known to be involved in thermal response, as well as its inhibitor. Multiple regions of the genome with elevated divergence between populations were also identified, and annotation of ESTs in these regions identified candidate genes for fitness related traits such as stress response, growth and behaviour. Collectively, these results demonstrate the utility of combining genomic resources with linkage maps to enhance evolutionary inferences. C1 [McKinney, G. J.; Seeb, L. W.; Larson, W. A.; Gomez-Uchida, D.; Limborg, M. T.; Brieuc, M. S. O.; Everett, M. V.; Naish, K. A.; Waples, R. K.; Seeb, J. E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gomez-Uchida, D.] Univ Concepcion, Fac Ciencias Nat & Oceanog, Dept Zool, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile. [Gomez-Uchida, D.] Univ Concepcion, Fac Ciencias Nat & Oceanog, Interdisciplinary Ctr Aquaculture Res INCAR, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile. [Limborg, M. T.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Everett, M. V.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP McKinney, GJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gjmckinn@uw.edu RI Naish, Kerry-Ann/F-5768-2014; OI Naish, Kerry-Ann/0000-0002-3275-8778; Waples, Ryan/0000-0003-0526-6425 FU Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington [RMLE/1]; Graduate Research Fellowship Program Grant from the US National Science Foundation [DGE-0718124]; FONDAP from Chile [15110027]; Danish Council for Independent Research's career programme Sapere Aude Grant [12-126687]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [1453]; Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund [44812, 44913] FX GJM and MSOB were funded by grant RMLE/1 from the Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, awarded to KAN and JES. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of their subagencies. WAL was supported by a Graduate Research Fellowship Program Grant from the US National Science Foundation DGE-0718124. DG-U was partially funded by FONDAP 15110027 from Chile. MTL was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research's career programme Sapere Aude Grant # 12-126687. MVE was supported by Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Grant 1453. Finally, GJM, RKW, LWS and JES were supported by Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund Grants 44812 and 44913. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 769 EP 783 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12479 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DJ1HO UT WOS:000373954100016 PM 26490135 ER PT J AU Nnaji, G Clark, CJ Chan-Hilton, AB Huang, WR AF Nnaji, Gideon A. Clark, Clayton J., II Chan-Hilton, Amy B. Huang, Wenrui TI Drought prediction in Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin using a semi-Markov model SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Markov process; Autocorrelation; Embedded Markov chain; Waiting times; Semi-Markov process; Drought prediction ID RECURRENCE ANALYSIS; FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; WATER LEVELS; SEVERITY; FLORIDA; EVENTS; PROBABILITIES; SYSTEM AB The Markov models widely used in hydrology are not adequate for drought analysis because they are independent of previous processes in dealing with associated significant autocorrelations of hydrological events. Therefore, use of semi-Markov model becomes more realistic for studying droughts processes due to dynamics of the system. An embedded Markov-based model was developed to assess chances of occurrence of hydrological droughts in which waiting times of the series were defined explicitly. This presents a more global parametric method to define drought duration compared to those frequently used. This model was applied to monthly streamflow series of Apalachicola River, Chattahoochee River and Flint River in Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River Basin, located in southeastern USA. The streamflow conditions below the mean resulting to Near Drought and Critical Drought conditions were considered crucial. Drought occurrence probabilities and corresponding flows indicate a 42 % chance of Near Drought condition and 18 % chance of Critical Drought condition, with transition time of about 1.8 months. The model results were validated using last ten-year data series. Correlation coefficient (r) and root-mean-square error statistics demonstrate that the model can predict Near Drought and Critical Drought conditions with high accuracy, resulting in errors less than 5 % statistical significance. The method is capable of preserving longer memory persistence of historic flow trends in the ACF River Basin, and gives an effective recursive equation of defining occurrence of droughts. The semi-Markov model developed in this work will provide valuable lead in estimating similar drought indices in other related river systems. C1 [Nnaji, Gideon A.; Clark, Clayton J., II] FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Chan-Hilton, Amy B.] Univ So Indiana, Ctr Excellence Teaching & Learning, 8600 Univ Blvd, Evansville, IN 47712 USA. [Huang, Wenrui] Florida A&M Univ, NOAA, Environm Cooperat Sci Ctr, Sch Environm, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Clark, CJ (reprint author), FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM clayton.clarkii@famu.edu FU Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering; FAMU Foundation; School of Graduate Studies and Research of Florida AM University FX The authors are thankful to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, for the financial support provided during the course of this research. Dr. Gideon Nnaji is grateful to Dr. Omar Thomas for his advice. Dr. Clark also thanks El Elyon for guidance in this endeavor. This study was also partially supported by FAMU Foundation scholarship, and School of Graduate Studies and Research of Florida A&M University. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAY PY 2016 VL 82 IS 1 BP 267 EP 297 DI 10.1007/s11069-016-2201-8 PG 31 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA DJ1KI UT WOS:000373961300015 ER PT J AU Baer, DR Artyushkova, K Fulghum, JE Powell, CJ Sherwood, PMA Surman, DJ Watts, J AF Baer, Donald R. Artyushkova, Kateryna Fulghum, Julia E. Powell, Cedric J. Sherwood, Peter M. A. Surman, David J. Watts, John TI John Grant and the multifaceted nature of true professionalism SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Biographical-Item DE Cryogenic XPS; Solid-aqueous solution interface; Electrical Double Layer; Cell wall composition C1 [Baer, Donald R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Artyushkova, Kateryna; Fulghum, Julia E.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Powell, Cedric J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sherwood, Peter M. A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Sherwood, Peter M. A.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Surman, David J.] Kratos Analyt Inc, Chestnut Ridge, NY USA. [Watts, John] Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. RP Baer, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 48 IS 5 BP 249 EP 251 DI 10.1002/sia.6026 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DJ1AQ UT WOS:000373935900003 ER PT J AU Zatsarinny, O Fischer, CF AF Zatsarinny, Oleg Fischer, Charlotte Froese TI DBSR_HF: A B-spline Dirac-Hartree-Fock program SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Atomic structure; Relativistic Dirac theory; Bound states; B-splines; Generalized eigenvalue problem; Projection operators; Breit interaction ID ATOMIC-STRUCTURE PACKAGE; HYDROGEN-LIKE ATOMS; LAMB-SHIFT; EQUATION; SYSTEMS AB A B-spline version of a general Dirac-Hartree-Fock program is described. The usual differential equations are replaced by a set of generalized eigenvalue problems of the form (H-a - epsilon B-a)P-a = 0, where H-a and B are the Hamiltonian and overlap matrices, respectively, and Pa is the two-component relativistic orbit in the B-spline basis. A default universal grid allows for flexible adjustment to different nuclear models. When two orthogonal orbitals are both varied, the energy must also be stationary with respect to orthonormal transformations. At such a stationary point the off-diagonal Lagrange multipliers may be eliminated through projection operators. The self-consistent field procedure exhibits excellent convergence. Several atomic states can be considered simultaneously, including some configuration-interaction calculations. The program provides several options for the treatment of Breit interaction and QED corrections. The information about atoms up to Z = 104 is stored by the program. Along with a simple interface through command-line arguments, this information allows the user to run the program with minimal initial preparations. Program summary Program title: DBSR_HF Catalogue identifier: AEZK....v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.ukisummaries/AEZICv1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.ukilicence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 22643 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 354629 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Fortran 95. Computer: No specific requirements to the computer. Operating system: Any system with a Fortran 95 compiler. Classification: 2.1. External routines: LAPACK (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) Nature of problem: Relativistic Dirac-Hartree-Fock wavefunctions are determined for atoms in a bound state. These wavefunctions may be used to predict a variety of atomic properties. Solution method: The radial functions for large and small components of the one-electron spinor are expanded in B-spline bases. The variational principle applied to an energy functional that includes Lagrange multipliers for orthonormal constraints defines the Dirac-Hartree-Fock matrix for each orbital. Orthonormal transformations for a stationary solution were applied and Lagrange multipliers eliminated through projection operators. Restrictions: There is no restriction on calculations for the average or specific term energy of any atomic configuration with shells whose angular momenta are less than or equal to 9/2. Unusual features: The program allows the consideration of a few atomic states simultaneously. A simple interface through the command-line arguments allows the user to run the program with minimal initial preparations. Running time: From a few seconds to a few minutes depending on the atom under consideration. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zatsarinny, Oleg] Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. [Fischer, Charlotte Froese] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zatsarinny, O (reprint author), Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. EM oleg.zatsarinny@drake.edu OI Fischer, Charlotte/0000-0001-9524-6705 FU United States National Science Foundation [PHY-1212450, PHY-1520970] FX This work was supported by the United States National Science Foundation under grants PHY-1212450 and PHY-1520970. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 202 BP 287 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2015.12.023 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA DI5MA UT WOS:000373542000019 ER PT J AU Kettle, NP Dow, K AF Kettle, Nathan P. Dow, Kirstin TI The Role of Perceived Risk, Uncertainty, and Trust on Coastal Climate Change Adaptation Planning SO ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE adaptation planning; climate change; ordinal regression; coastal ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CHANGE POLICY; PERCEPTIONS; VULNERABILITY; PREFERENCES; ASSESSMENTS; CAPACITY; MANAGERS; BEHAVIOR; STATES AB This study examines support for climate adaptation planning and the role of perceived risk, uncertainty, and trust on adaptation of U.S. coastal communities. This assessment is based on the analysis of web-based questionnaires (n = 137) among state, local, and non-government organization (NGO) planners in Alaska, Florida, and Maryland. Ordinal regression and correlation analysis were used to assess which factors are related to support for adaptation during two planning stages. Findings from this study suggest the influence of perceived risk, uncertainty, and trust on support for climate change adaptation (CCA) varies across two stages of adaptation planning (support for the development of plans and willingness to allocate human and financial resources to implement plans). The disaggregation of planning entities into different study areas and levels of management revealed significant differences in the relationship between perceived risk, uncertainty, and trust and support for CCA planning. These findings have implications for the design of communication and engagement strategies. C1 [Kettle, Nathan P.] Alaska Ctr Climate Assessment & Policy, 930 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kettle, Nathan P.] Alaska Climate Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Dow, Kirstin] Univ S Carolina, Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Dow, Kirstin] NOAA, Carolinas Integrated Sci & Assessments, Columbia, SC USA. RP Kettle, NP (reprint author), Alaska Ctr Climate Assessment & Policy, 930 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM nkettle@alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation, Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant (Decision Risk and Management Sciences) [SES-1023448]; Department of Geography at The University of South Carolina; Carolinas Integrated Sciences and Assessments FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by The National Science Foundation, Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant (Decision Risk and Management Sciences) [Grant No. SES-1023448]; The Department of Geography at The University of South Carolina; and The Carolinas Integrated Sciences and Assessments. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 34 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0013-9165 EI 1552-390X J9 ENVIRON BEHAV JI Environ. Behav. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 48 IS 4 BP 579 EP 606 DI 10.1177/0013916514551049 PG 28 WC Environmental Studies; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Psychology GA DI9QO UT WOS:000373837700003 ER PT J AU Jarrin, JRM Teel, DJ Miller, JA AF Marin Jarrin, J. R. Teel, D. J. Miller, J. A. TI Stock-Specific Movement and Distribution of Juvenile Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in Sandy Beach Surf Zones of Oregon and Washington, USA SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Sandy beach surf zones; Juvenile Chinook salmon; Genetic stock; Movement; Habitat use ID OCEAN MIGRATION; COLUMBIA RIVER; HABITAT; FISHES; IDENTIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; CALIFORNIA; KISUTCH; LARVAL; GROWTH AB Sandy beach surf zones serve as alternative nursery habitats for juvenile Chinook salmon (0 age) during their early marine residency, a period considered critical due to high and variable mortality rates. Despite the importance of early marine residence, the extent of juvenile salmon surf zone use and movement along sandy beaches is not well understood. Juvenile Chinook salmon distribution and movement were studied in shallow surf zone habitats by sampling from 2006 to 2010 with a beach seine 11 beaches adjacent and distant to four estuary mouths in Oregon and Washington, USA. The estuary of origin of each juvenile was determined using genetic stock identification methods and coded wire tags. Surf zones sampled were within littoral cells, which are stretches of the coastline bordered by rocky headlands, and included estuaries with and without Chinook salmon populations. Juvenile salmonids were only collected at littoral cells with Chinook-inhabited watersheds. Most juveniles (95 %) were present at sandy beaches adjacent (< 500 m from estuary mouth) to their estuary of origin. Few Chinook salmon (5 %) were collected at littoral cells that contained non-natal estuaries. These results indicate that juvenile Chinook salmon inhabiting surf zones mostly use beaches adjacent to their estuaries of origin, but some juveniles may reside in beaches distant from their point of ocean entry. C1 [Marin Jarrin, J. R.; Miller, J. A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Teel, D. J.] Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Marin Jarrin, J. R.] Escuela Super Polytecn Litoral, ESPOL, Ctr Agua & Desarrollo Sustentable, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30-5 Via Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador. RP Jarrin, JRM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA.; Jarrin, JRM (reprint author), Escuela Super Polytecn Litoral, ESPOL, Ctr Agua & Desarrollo Sustentable, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30-5 Via Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador. EM jrmarjar@espol.edu.ec; David.Teel@NOAA.gov; Jessica.Miller@Oregonstate.edu FU Mamie Markham Research Award; Lylian Brucefield Reynolds Scholarship; Neil Armantrount Gradauate Scholarship; Henry Mastin Graduate Fund; Bill Wick Marine Fisheries Award FX This manuscript was greatly enhanced by comments from the assistant editor and reviewers, present and previous Miller lab members, B. Bingham, D. Bottom, B. Emmett, T. Hurst, D. Noakes, and M. Schuiteman. The authors are indebted to the many volunteers, field technicians, and Lincoln County Community Services Consortium Youth Work Crew who helped with sampling. Special thanks to R. Bellinger and M. Banks for their help with initial genetics analysis. Kuligowski D. collected some of the genetics data in the study. Research was supported by Mamie Markham Research Award, Lylian Brucefield Reynolds Scholarship, Neil Armantrount Gradauate Scholarship, Henry Mastin Graduate Fund, and Bill Wick Marine Fisheries Award. The map was made by M. Schuiteman. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2016 VL 39 IS 3 BP 759 EP 766 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-0037-1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DI2WS UT WOS:000373360500014 ER PT J AU Doerr, JC Liu, H Minello, TJ AF Doerr, Jennifer C. Liu, Hui Minello, Thomas J. TI Salinity Selection by Juvenile Brown Shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus) and White Shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) in a Gradient Tank SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Experimental tank; Farfantepenaeus aztecus; Litopenaeus setiferus; Log-linear modeling; Penaeid shrimp; Salinity gradient ID POSTLARVAL PENAEUS-AZTECUS; FLOW CHOICE CHAMBER; ESTUARINE ORGANISMS; GROWTH; WATER; TEMPERATURE; PREFERENCE; PENAEIDAE; DECAPODA; SURVIVAL AB Changes in freshwater inflow and salinity patterns may affect the nursery value of estuarine systems for penaeid shrimp, but the relationship between salinity and shrimp abundance is complex and likely confounded by other environmental variables. Laboratory experiments can provide insights into salinity selection, and we designed an experimental gradient tank to examine salinity preferences of juvenile brown shrimp and white shrimp. Our design uses gently flowing water to eliminate various physical constraints often associated with selection experiments. We conducted experiments with juvenile brown shrimp (12 trials) and white shrimp (seven trials), to examine selection for salinities along a gradient from 1 to 42. Data were analyzed using contingency tables and log-linear modeling to examine relationships with salinity and possible interactions with temperature. Both brown shrimp and white shrimp were present in all salinities examined within the experimental range. In general, brown shrimp showed a preference for salinities from 17 to 35 and demonstrated avoidance for the extreme low salinities along the gradient. Results for white shrimp were not statistically significant, and this species did not appear to avoid low salinities. There was no effect of water temperature on the observed selection patterns for brown or white shrimp. Our results suggest that although salinity preferences likely exist for these species, strong distribution trends associated with salinity gradients in estuaries are likely caused by other environmental factors. C1 [Doerr, Jennifer C.; Minello, Thomas J.] NOAA, Galveston Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Liu, Hui] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, POB 1675, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. RP Doerr, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Galveston Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM Jennifer.Doerr@noaa.gov FU Northern Gulf Institute; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX Earlier designs of linear gradient tanks were built together with David Aldrich, and we also thank him for discussions that improved our experimental design. We thank Ronald Baker, Lauren Flynn, Shawn Hillen, Juan Salas, and Elizabeth Wilson for assisting in data collection during laboratory experiments and for numerous hours spent collecting shrimp in the field. Lawrence Rozas provided comments that improved the original version of this manuscript. We acknowledge the Northern Gulf Institute and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Southeast Fisheries Science Center for funding this research. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NMFS. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2016 VL 39 IS 3 BP 829 EP 838 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-0019-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DI2WS UT WOS:000373360500019 ER EF