FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hu, VC Kuhn, R AF Hu, Vincent C. Kuhn, Rick TI Access Control Policy Verification SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material AB To ensure that an access control (AC) system is safe, there must be a reliable means to verify that the specified AC policy model conforms to the safety requirements and policy author's intentions. A general verification approach includes black-box and white-box testing, as well as the generation of sufficient test cases to check the correctness of model implementations. C1 [Hu, Vincent C.; Kuhn, Rick] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Informat Technol Lib, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hu, VC (reprint author), NIST, Comp Secur Div, Informat Technol Lib, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vhu@nist.gov; kuhn@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD DEC PY 2016 VL 49 IS 12 BP 80 EP 83 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA EE1LB UT WOS:000389341900011 ER PT J AU Misra, V Mishra, A Li, HQ AF Misra, Vasubandhu Mishra, A. Li, Haiqin TI The sensitivity of the regional coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations over the Intra-Americas seas to the prescribed bathymetry SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Coupled downscaling; Intra-Americas Seas; Warm pool; Loop Current; SST bias ID HEMISPHERE WARM POOL; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; REANALYSIS; RAINFALL; TOPOGRAPHY AB This study examines the sensitivity of the coupled ocean-atmosphere climate of the Intra-Americas Seas (IAS; which includes the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea) and parts of the western tropical and sub-tropical Atlantic Ocean to the prescribed bathymetry in three independent multi-decadal, high-resolution (15 km grid interval), regional coupled ocean-atmosphere model (RCM) integrations centered over the IAS. All of these RCM integrations with different prescribed bathymetries are forced by identical global atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis at the lateral boundaries. It is observed that the model integration with a smoother and coarser bathymetry in the region (RCM-C) results in more widespread sea surface temperature (SST) bias across the IAS. We also note that the bias displayed by the RCM-C simulation is analogous to the bias in the IAS ocean circulation of some Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 5 (CMIP5) models. The models with an intermediate bathymetry (RCM-I) and finest bathymetry (RCM-F) rectify the bias in ocean transport through the Yucatan Channel relative to RCM-C but display mixed results with respect to SST bias. The RCM-C integration uses a bathymetry with a shallower Yucatan Channel, which tends to produce unrealistically weak flow through the Yucatan Channel and a weak Loop Current. However, the stronger heat transport through the Yucatan Channel in RCM-F results in significant warming of the northwestern tropical Atlantic Ocean and associated weakening of the surface easterly atmospheric winds relative to the other RCM integrations. Due to the weaker surface wind-induced shelf currents, the area comprised of western Gulf of Mexico and southern Caribbean Sea have a severe cold SST bias over the IAS in RCM-F relative to either RCM-I or RCM-C. RCM-I on the other hand significantly warms the western Gulf of Mexico. RCM-I displays the least SST bias over the IAS and the ocean transport through the Yucatan Channel is most comparable to the ocean reanalysis. We contend that RCM-I produces the most accurate simulation as a result of the coupled response to changes in bathymetry that optimizes the response of the modulation of the surface easterlies, which triggers sufficient ocean eddy activity in the western Gulf of Mexico and energizes the shelf currents. However, the uniform cold SST bias in the regional domain of all three simulations is also associated with a corresponding underestimation of the net heat flux into the ocean. The findings of this study clearly suggest that ameliorations of the SST bias in the IAS have their origins both in the atmospheric and oceanic components of the climate system. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Misra, Vasubandhu; Mishra, A.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Misra, Vasubandhu; Mishra, A.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Misra, Vasubandhu; Mishra, A.] Florida State Univ, Florida Climate Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Li, Haiqin] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Haiqin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Misra, V (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.; Misra, V (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.; Misra, V (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Florida Climate Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM vmisra@fsu.edu FU NOAA [NA12OAR4310078, NA11OAR4310110, USGSG13AC00408]; XSEDE [ATM10010] FX The authors would like to thank Ms. Tracy Ippolito of the Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Studies, Florida State University for the editorial assistance. This work was supported by grants from NOAA (NA12OAR4310078, NA11OAR4310110) and USGSG13AC00408. The supercomputing facility provided by XSEDE under grant number ATM10010 was used to complete the model integrations used in this study. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 EI 1872-6879 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD DEC PY 2016 VL 76 BP 29 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2016.08.007 PN A PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA EE2BY UT WOS:000389389900003 ER PT J AU Fullerton, AH Anzalone, S Moran, P Van Doornik, DM Copeland, T Zabel, RW AF Fullerton, A. H. Anzalone, S. Moran, P. Van Doornik, D. M. Copeland, T. Zabel, R. W. TI Setting spatial conservation priorities despite incomplete data for characterizing metapopulations SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; conservation; dispersal; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Snake River; USA; source-sink dynamics; spatial structure; uncertainty ID CHINOOK SALMON POPULATIONS; STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; THREATENED PACIFIC SALMON; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; EXTINCTION RISK; UNSAMPLED POPULATIONS; SAMPLED POPULATIONS; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; MIGRATION RATES; AQUATIC SYSTEMS AB Management of spatially structured species poses unique challenges. Despite a strong theoretical foundation, practitioners rarely have sufficient empirical data to evaluate how populations interact. Rather, assumptions about connectivity and source-sink dynamics are often based on incomplete, extrapolated, or modeled data, if such interactions are even considered at all. Therefore, it has been difficult to evaluate whether spatially structured species are meeting conservation goals. We evaluated how estimated metapopulation structure responded to estimates of population sizes and dispersal probabilities and to the set of populations included. We then compared outcomes of alternative management strategies that target conservation of metapopulation processes. We illustrated these concepts for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Snake River, USA. Our description of spatial structure for this metapopulation was consistent with previous characterizations. We found substantial differences in estimated metapopulation structure when we had incomplete information about all populations and when we used different sources of data (three empirical, two modeled) to estimate dispersal, whereas responses to population size estimates were more consistent. Together, these findings suggest that monitoring efforts should target all populations occasionally and populations that play key roles frequently and that multiple types of data should be collected when feasible. When empirical data are incomplete or of uneven quality, analyses using estimates produced from an ensemble of available datasets can help conservation planners and managers weigh near-term options. Doing so, we found trade-offs in connectivity and source dominance in metapopulation-level responses to alternative management strategies that suggest which types of approaches may be inherently less risky. C1 [Fullerton, A. H.; Moran, P.; Van Doornik, D. M.; Zabel, R. W.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. [Fullerton, A. H.; Moran, P.; Van Doornik, D. M.; Zabel, R. W.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. [Anzalone, S.] Western Washington Univ, 516 High St, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Copeland, T.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 1414 E Locust Lane, Nampa, ID 83686 USA. RP Fullerton, AH (reprint author), NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98125 USA.; Fullerton, AH (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. EM aimee.fullerton@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries Service FX We thank Susannah Iltis and Andrew Murdoch for helping us access and interpret fish tagging records, as well as the many field personnel that collected tagging and genetic data used in this study. We are grateful for conversations with Eric Buhle, Tom Cooney, Mark Scheuerell, Eric Ward, Peter Westley, and members of the interior Columbia River life cycle modeling group that shaped the analyses. We thank Michael Ford, Julie Heinrichs, Jeff Jorgensen, Matt Nesbit, Rob Schick, Robin Waples, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA Fisheries Service. Many of the data presented here were collected with support from Bonneville Power Administration. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 26 IS 8 BP 2558 EP 2578 DI 10.1002/eap.1411 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE1BU UT WOS:000389316400017 PM 27865061 ER PT J AU Cameron, H Monro, K Malerba, M Munch, S Marshall, D AF Cameron, Hayley Monro, Keyne Malerba, Martino Munch, Stephan Marshall, Dustin TI Why do larger mothers produce larger offspring? A test of classic theory SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE density dependence; life-history theory; offspring performance; optimal offspring size; siblingcompetition ID COLONIAL MARINE INVERTEBRATE; BRYOZOAN BUGULA-NERITINA; OPTIMAL EGG SIZE; MATERNAL PHENOTYPE; TRADE-OFFS; COMPETITION; QUALITY; DISPERSAL; NUMBER; GROWTH AB Across a wide range of taxa, larger mothers produce larger offspring. Theory assumes that larger, more fecund mothers create higher local densities of siblings, and so larger mothers produce larger offspring to offset sibling competition. This assumption has beendebated for over 30yr, but direct empirical tests are surprisingly rare. Here, we test two key assumptions of classic theories that predict sibling competition drives maternal-size-offspring-size (MSOS) correlations: (1) independent effects of offspring size and sibling density on offspring performance or (2) as a product of an interaction between these two factors. To simultaneously test these alternative assumptions, we manipulate offspring size and sibling density in the marine invertebrate, Bugula neritina, and monitor offspring performance in the field. We found that, depending on the fitness metric being considered, offspring size and sibling density can either independently or interactively affect offspring performance. Yet sibling density did not affect offspring performance in the ways that classic theories assume. Given our results, it is unlikely that sibling competition drives the positive MSOS correlation observed in this species. Empirical support for these classic theories remains lacking, suggesting alternative explanations are necessary. C1 [Cameron, Hayley; Monro, Keyne; Malerba, Martino; Marshall, Dustin] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Geometr Biol, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. [Munch, Stephan] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Cameron, H (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Geometr Biol, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. EM Hayley.Cameron@monash.edu NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2016 VL 97 IS 12 BP 3452 EP 3459 DI 10.1002/ecy.1590 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE2WC UT WOS:000389444800022 PM 27912014 ER PT J AU Chidambaram, T Veksler, D Madisetti, S Yakimov, M Tokranov, V Oktyabrsky, S AF Chidambaram, T. Veksler, D. Madisetti, S. Yakimov, M. Tokranov, V. Oktyabrsky, S. TI InGaAs Inversion Layer Mobility and Interface Trap Density From Gated Hall Measurements SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE III-V MOSFETs; interface states; mobility; carrier density; scattering mechanism ID BURIED-CHANNEL; MOSFETS; SEMICONDUCTOR; EXTRACTION; TRANSPORT; OXIDE AB In this letter, we use gated Hall method for direct measurement of free carrier density and electron mobility in inversion InGaAs MOSFET channels. At room temperature, the highest Hall mobility of 1800 cm(2)/Vs is observed at electron density in the channel approximate to 1 x 10(12) cm(-2). A comparison with mobility values estimated from transistor characteristics reveals a significant underestimation of mobility, which arises from overestimation of channel density obtained from C-V measurements. Temperature dependence of the electron mobility provides the evidence that remote Coulomb scattering dominates at electron density < 3 x 10(11) cm(-2). Contrary to the capacitance-based methods commonly used for extraction of interface trap density, a gated Hall method can separate the contributions of fast-trapped charges and free carriers in the channel to the total charge of a MOS capacitor. This allows for reliable estimation of trap density at the III-V/high-k interface including border traps. The results illustrate that even high-quality interfaces providing high-mobility transport suffer from fast border traps above the conduction band. In contrast with Si where the effect of border traps is negligible, in low density-of-state InGaAs channel material as much as half of the channel electrons can be trapped and excluded from transport, increasing switching energy and dissipated power. C1 [Chidambaram, T.; Madisetti, S.; Yakimov, M.; Tokranov, V.; Oktyabrsky, S.] SUNY Polytech Inst, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Veksler, D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chidambaram, T (reprint author), SUNY Polytech Inst, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM thenu.c@gmail.com FU CNSE-SEMATECH FX This work was supported by CNSE-SEMATECH. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor D.-H. Kim. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1547 EP 1550 DI 10.1109/LED.2016.2617119 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA EE1HV UT WOS:000389332700004 ER PT J AU Davis, R AF Davis, Richard TI Mass Metrology-After 4000 Years, a Change is Coming SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Davis, Richard] NIST, Int Bur Weights & Measures BIPM, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davis, Richard] NIST, Elect Stand Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davis, Richard] BIPM, Mass Dept, Sevres, France. [Davis, Richard] Amer Phys Soc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Davis, R (reprint author), NIST, Int Bur Weights & Measures BIPM, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Davis, R (reprint author), NIST, Elect Stand Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Davis, R (reprint author), BIPM, Mass Dept, Sevres, France.; Davis, R (reprint author), Amer Phys Soc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM rdavis@bipm.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6969 EI 1941-0123 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 19 IS 6 BP 8 EP 11 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA EE8JM UT WOS:000389871600004 ER PT J AU Fan, L Shin, SI Liu, ZY Liu, QY AF Fan, Lei Shin, Sang-Ik Liu, Zhengyu Liu, Qinyu TI Two-sided impacts of warm pool SSTs on Australian precipitation changes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Australian precipitation; sea surface temperature; sensitivity; Warm Pool ID EL-NINO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SUMMER RAINFALL; WINTER RAINFALL; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; ANOMALIES; DROUGHT AB Optimal tropical ocean regions for forcing precipitation changes over Australia are identified from maps of sensitivity of Australian precipitation to tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. These sensitivity maps are derived by a series of atmospheric general circulation model simulations with prescription of an array of SST anomaly patches over the tropics. The results show that the Australian precipitation changes are most sensitive to SST anomalies over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool. There are competing opposing sensitivities such that warming over the Indian side of the Warm Pool increases precipitation, whereas that over the Pacific side decreases it. These sensitivity maps are validated by use in reconstruction of historical series of Australian precipitation with realistic interannual variability. The present results imply that monitoring and predicting the signs and magnitudes of SST anomalies over the critical Indo-Pacific Warm Pool may improve the prediction skills of Australian precipitation changes. C1 [Fan, Lei; Liu, Qinyu] Ocean Univ China, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Key Lab Phys Oceanog, 238 Songling Rd, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Shin, Sang-Ik] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shin, Sang-Ik] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Lab Climate Ocean & Atmospher Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Fan, L (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Key Lab Phys Oceanog, 238 Songling Rd, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. EM fanlei@ouc.edu.cn FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China (National Basic Research Program of China) [2012CB955603, 2012CB955200]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA11010203]; Natural Science Foundation of China [41176006, 41221063, 41406001, 41476003]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [201413029, 201562030] FX We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (National Basic Research Program of China 2012CB955603; 2012CB955200), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA11010203), the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41176006; 41221063; 41406001; 41476003), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 201413029; 201562030). NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 IS 15 BP 4697 EP 4704 DI 10.1002/joc.4661 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EE0ZU UT WOS:000389310400003 ER PT J AU Burnham, M Ma, Z Endter-Wada, J Bardsley, T AF Burnham, Morey Ma, Zhao Endter-Wada, Joanna Bardsley, Tim TI WATER MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING IN THE FACE OF MULTIPLE FORMS OF UNCERTAINTY AND RISK SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE path dependence; semi-arid and arid regions; water policy; water governance; climate change; water infrastructure; social-ecological change ID CLIMATE-CHANGE ADAPTATION; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; PATH DEPENDENCE; LOCK-IN; RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; INCREASING RETURNS; ENGLAND; SUSTAINABILITY; STATIONARITY; BARRIERS AB In the Wasatch Range Metropolitan Area of Northern Utah, water management decision makers confront multiple forms of uncertainty and risk. Adapting to these uncertainties and risks is critical for maintaining the long-term sustainability of the region's water supply. This study draws on interview data to assess the major challenges climatic and social changes pose to Utah's water future, as well as potential solutions. The study identifies the water management adaptation decision-making space shaped by the interacting institutional, social, economic, political, and biophysical processes that enable and constrain sustainable water management. The study finds water managers and other water actors see challenges related to reallocating water, including equitable water transfers and stakeholder cooperation, addressing population growth, and locating additional water supplies, as more problematic than the challenges posed by climate change. Furthermore, there is significant disagreement between water actors over how to best adapt to both climatic and social changes. This study concludes with a discussion of the path dependencies that present challenges to adaptive water management decision making, as well as opportunities for the pursuit of a new water management paradigm based on soft-path solutions. Such knowledge is useful for understanding the institutional and social adaptations needed for water management to successfully address future uncertainties and risks. C1 [Burnham, Morey] Idaho State Univ, Dept Sociol Social Work & Criminol, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Ma, Zhao] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Endter-Wada, Joanna] Utah State Univ, Dept Environm & Soc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bardsley, Tim] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Ma, Z (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM zhaoma@purdue.edu FU innovative Urban Transitions and Aridregion Hydro-sustainability (iUTAH) Program; National Science Foundation's Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) grant [EPS 1208732] FX This research was supported by the innovative Urban Transitions and Aridregion Hydro-sustainability (iUTAH) Program, a National Science Foundation's Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) grant awarded to Utah State University (EPS 1208732). We want to thank all the individuals who participated in our interviews for their time and insights in support of this research. We also want to thank the anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1366 EP 1384 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12459 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EE0YR UT WOS:000389307000006 ER PT J AU Asadieh, B Krakauer, NY AF Asadieh, Behzad Krakauer, Nir Y. TI IMPACTS OF CHANGES IN PRECIPITATION AMOUNT AND DISTRIBUTION ON WATER RESOURCES STUDIED USING A MODEL RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climate change; mean and maximum precipitation; precipitation distribution change; water resources reliability; rainwater harvesting systems; climate models; observations ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; EXTREME PRECIPITATION; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; FUTURE CHANGES; RIVER-BASIN; VARIABILITY; SCENARIOS; TRENDS; SIMULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY AB Water supply reliability is expected to be affected by both precipitation amount and distribution changes under recent and future climate change. We compare historical (1951-2010) changes in annual-mean and annual-maximum daily precipitation in the global set of station observations from Global Historical Climatology Network and climate models from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP), and develop the study to 2011-2099 for model projections under high radiative forcing scenario (RCP8.5). We develop a simple rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) model and drive it with observational and modeled precipitation. We study the changes in mean and maximum precipitation along with changes in the reliability of the model RWHS as tools to assess the impact of changes in precipitation amount and distribution on reliability of precipitation-fed water supplies. Results show faster increase in observed maximum precipitation (10.14% per K global warming) than mean precipitation (7.64% per K), and increased reliability of the model RWHS driven by observed precipitation by an average of 0.2% per decade. The ISI-MIP models show even faster increase in maximum precipitation compared to mean precipitation. However, they imply decreases in mean reliability, for an average 0.15% per decade. Compared to observations, climate models underestimate the increasing trends in mean and maximum precipitation and show the opposite direction of change in reliability of a model water supply system. C1 [Asadieh, Behzad; Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Asadieh, Behzad; Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Asadieh, B (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA.; Asadieh, B (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM basadie00@citymail.cuny.edu RI Asadieh, Behzad/M-5731-2015 OI Asadieh, Behzad/0000-0002-3606-2575 FU NOAA [NA11SEC4810004, NA12OAR4310084, NA15OAR4310080]; PSC-CUNY Award [68346-00 46] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from NOAA under grants NA11SEC4810004, NA12OAR4310084, NA15OAR4310080, and from PSC-CUNY Award # 68346-00 46. All statements made are the views of the authors and not the opinions of the funding agency or the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1450 EP 1471 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12472 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EE0YR UT WOS:000389307000011 ER PT J AU Trenberth, KE Marquis, M Zebiak, S AF Trenberth, Kevin E. Marquis, Melinda Zebiak, Stephen TI The vital need for a climate information system SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material AB An end-to-end comprehensive climate information system is needed to complement mitigation and adaptation as responses to the threat of human-induced climate change. C1 [Trenberth, Kevin E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Marquis, Melinda] NOAH, Global Syst Div, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zebiak, Stephen] Climate Informat Serv Ltd, Tappan, NY 10983 USA. [Zebiak, Stephen] Int Res Inst Climate & Soc Palisades, New York, NY 10964 USA. RP Trenberth, KE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM trenbert@ucar.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1057 EP 1059 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EE2RP UT WOS:000389432200010 ER PT J AU Hotaling, NA Jeon, J Wade, MB Luong, D Palmer, XL Bharti, K Simon, CG AF Hotaling, Nathan A. Jeon, Jun Wade, Mary Beth Luong, Derek Palmer, Xavier-Lewis Bharti, Kapil Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI Training to Improve Precision and Accuracy in the Measurement of Fiber Morphology SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NANOFIBER SCAFFOLD; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; DIFFERENTIATION; REPRODUCIBILITY; STANDARDS; DIAMETER; CELLS AB An estimated $7.1 billion dollars a year is spent due to irreproducibility in pre-clinical data from errors in data analysis and reporting. Therefore, developing tools to improve measurement comparability is paramount. Recently, an open source tool, DiameterJ, has been deployed for the automated analysis of scanning electron micrographs of fibrous scaffolds designed for tissue engineering applications. DiameterJ performs hundreds to thousands of scaffold fiber diameter measurements from a single micrograph within a few seconds, along with a variety of other scaffold morphological features, which enables a more rigorous and thorough assessment of scaffold properties. Herein, an online, publicly available training module is introduced for educating DiameterJ users on how to effectively analyze scanning electron micrographs of fibers and the large volume of data that a DiameterJ analysis yields. The end goal of this training was to improve user data analysis and reporting to enhance reproducibility of analysis of nanofiber scaffolds. User performance was assessed before and after training to evaluate the effectiveness of the training modules. Users were asked to use DiameterJ to analyze reference micrographs of fibers that had known diameters. The results showed that training improved the accuracy and precision of measurements of fiber diameter in scanning electron micrographs. Training also improved the precision of measurements of pore area, porosity, intersection density, and characteristic fiber length between fiber intersections. These results demonstrate that the DiameterJ training module improves precision and accuracy in fiber morphology measurements, which will lead to enhanced data comparability. C1 [Hotaling, Nathan A.; Palmer, Xavier-Lewis; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hotaling, Nathan A.; Jeon, Jun; Bharti, Kapil] NEI, Unit Ocular & Stem Cell Translat Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wade, Mary Beth; Luong, Derek] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Hotaling, NA (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Hotaling, NA (reprint author), NEI, Unit Ocular & Stem Cell Translat Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM Nathan.Hotaling@nih.gov OI Hotaling, Nathan/0000-0001-8423-6464 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0167664 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0167664 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE3JC UT WOS:000389482700221 PM 27907145 ER PT J AU Miller, MW Williams, DE Fisch, J AF Miller, M. W. Williams, D. E. Fisch, J. TI Genet-specific spawning patterns in Acropora palmata SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Florida Keys; Outcrossing; Synchrony; Fertilization potential; Temperature ID THREATENED CARIBBEAN CORAL; FLORIDA-KEYS; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; ANNULARIS; POPULATION; COMPLEX; GROWTH AB The broadcast spawning elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, requires outcrossing among different genets for effective fertilization. Hence, a low density of genets in parts of its range emphasizes the need for precise synchrony among neighboring genets as sperm concentration dilutes rapidly in open-ocean conditions. We documented the genet-specific nightly occurrence of spawning of A. palmata over 8 yr in a depauperate population in the Florida Keys to better understand this potential reproductive hurdle. The observed population failed to spawn within the predicted monthly window (nights 2-6 after the full moon in August) in three of the 8 yr of observation; negligible spawning was observed in a fourth year. Moreover, genet-specific patterns are evident in that (1) certain genets have significantly greater odds of spawning overall and (2) certain genets predictably spawn on the earlier and others on the later lunar nights within the predicted window. Given the already low genet density in this population, this pattern implies a substantial degree of wasted reproductive effort and supports the hypothesis that depensatory factors are impairing recovery in this species. C1 [Miller, M. W.; Williams, D. E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Williams, D. E.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Fisch, J.] Univ Miami, Div Marine Biol & Ecol, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Miller, MW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; NMFS Office of Habitat Conservation; Mote Marine Lab 'Protect Our Reefs' program FX Cooperation and assistance from many students, technicians, and collaborators over many years is gratefully acknowledged. These include (but are not limited to) I. Baums, A. Szmant, L. MacLaughlin, the Florida Aquarium dive team, A. Bright, R. Pausch, C. Cameron, L. Johnston, B. Mason, K. Erickson, R. Wilborn, A. Valdivia, and W. Precht. Review of the manuscript by N. Fogarty and two anonymous reviewers resulted in improvements that are greatly appreciated. Funding was provided by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, NMFS Office of Habitat Conservation, and the Mote Marine Lab 'Protect Our Reefs' program. Observations were conducted under permits from the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS-2014-047, FKNMS-2012-101, FKNMS 2010-055, and FKNMS-2007-114). NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD DEC PY 2016 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1393 EP 1398 DI 10.1007/s00338-016-1472-6 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ED1FZ UT WOS:000388591500026 ER PT J AU Balke, EC Healy, WM Ullah, T AF Balke, Elizabeth C. Healy, William M. Ullah, Tania TI An assessment of efficient water heating options for an all-electric single family residence in a mixed-humid climate SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC) / 3rd International Conference on Building Energy and Environment (COBEE) CY JUL 12-15, 2015 CL Tianjin, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Water heating; Residential; Solar; Heat pump water heater; Electric water heating AB An evaluation of a variety of efficient water heating strategies for an all -electric single family home located in a mixed -humid climate is conducted using numerical modeling. The strategies considered include various combinations of solar thermal, heat pump, and electric resistance water heaters. The numerical model used in the study is first validated against a year of field data obtained on a dual -tank system with a solar thermal preheat tank feeding a heat pump water heater that serves as a backup. Modeling results show that this configuration is the most efficient of the systems studied over the course of a year, with a system coefficient of performance (COPsys) of 2.87. The heat pump water heater alone results in a COPsys of 1.9, while the baseline resistance water heater has a COPsys of 0.95. Impacts on space conditioning are also investigated by considering the extra energy consumption required of the air source heat pump to remove or add heat from the conditioned space by the water heating system. A modified COPsys that incorporates the heat pump energy consumption shows a significant drop in efficiency for the dual tank configuration since the heat pump water heater draws the most heat from the space in the heating season while the high'temperatures in the solar storage tank during the cooling season result in an added heat load to the space. Despite this degradation in the COPsys, the combination of the solar thermal preheat tank and the heat pump water heater is the most efficient option even when considering the impacts on space conditioning. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Balke, Elizabeth C.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Healy, William M.; Ullah, Tania] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Healy, WM (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr Bldg 226 Rm B104, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.healy@nist.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 EI 1872-6178 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 133 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.09.052 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA ED7XZ UT WOS:000389087300035 PM 27990058 ER PT J AU Shotwell, ME Mcfee, WE Slate, EH AF Shotwell, Mary E. McFee, Wayne E. Slate, Elizabeth H. TI A Bayesian mixture model for missing data in marine mammal growth analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Gibbs sampler; Growth; Necropsy sampling; Selection bias; Tursiops truncatus ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEMIPARAMETRIC REGRESSION; REPEATED OUTCOMES; INFERENCE; AGE AB Much of what is known about bottle nose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) anatomy and physiology is based on necropsies from stranding events. Measurements of total body length, total body mass, and age are used to estimate growth. It is more feasible to retrieve and transport smaller animals for total body mass measurement than larger animals, introducing a systematic bias in sampling. Adverse weather events, volunteer availability, and other unforeseen circumstances also contribute to incomplete measurement. We have developed a Bayesian mixture model to describe growth in detected stranded animals using data from both those that are fully measured and those not fully measured. Our approach uses a shared random effect to link the missingness mechanism (i.e. full/partial measurement) to distinct growth curves in the fully and partially measured populations, thereby enabling drawing of strength for estimation. We use simulation to compare our model to complete case analysis and two common multiple imputation methods according to model mean square error. Results indicate that our mixture model provides better fit both when the two populations are present and when they are not. The feasibility and utility of our new method is demonstrated by application to South Carolina strandings data. C1 [Shotwell, Mary E.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Comp Informat Syst, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. [McFee, Wayne E.] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Behav Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Slate, Elizabeth H.] Florida State Univ, Dept Stat, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Shotwell, ME (reprint author), Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Comp Informat Syst, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. EM Mary.Shotwell@mtsu.edu FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences [NIH/NIGMS 1T32GM074934]; NSF [DMS-0604666] FX This project was funded in part by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS 1T32GM074934) training grant 'Biostatistics Training for Basic Biomedical Research' and NSF grant DMS-0604666 (Slate). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 EI 1573-3009 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 23 IS 4 BP 585 EP 603 DI 10.1007/s10651-016-0355-x PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA EB5OM UT WOS:000387424200006 ER PT J AU Sabal, MC Huff, DD Henderson, MJ Fiechter, J Harding, JA Hayes, SA AF Sabal, Megan C. Huff, David D. Henderson, Mark J. Fiechter, Jerome Harding, Jeffrey A. Hayes, Sean A. TI Contrasting patterns in growth and survival of Central Valley fall run Chinook salmon related to hatchery and ocean conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Growth; Survival; Chinook salmon; California; Size-selective mortality; Density-dependence ID COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PRINCE-WILLIAM SOUND; MARINE SURVIVAL; JUVENILE SALMON; PINK SALMON; UPWELLING SYSTEM; SOCKEYE-SALMON AB The objective of this study was to determine important ocean and hatchery covariates influencing early growth and survival of Central Valley fall run Chinook salmon. We used a dataset of recaptured coded wire tagged hatchery Chinook salmon to estimate early growth and cohort survival. Ocean conditions during the period of early ocean entry were based on output from a coupled physical-biogeochemical model configured for the broader California Current region. We built generalized additive and generalized linear models to describe growth and survival and used Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) model selection to determine which hatchery and ocean covariates related best to response variables. With regards to hatchery covariates, growth was best explained by release location, while survival was best explained by release weight and hatchery of origin. The ocean conditions included in the best models for both growth and survival included diatoms, predatory zooplankton, temperature, and currents. We observed the highest rates of salmon survival when in situ physical ocean conditions were indicative of relaxation events. For all four ocean covariates, the response curves illustrated opposite patterns between growth and survival models. This result implies that during periods of low survival, juvenile salmon were either 1) growing at a faster rate, or 2) growth appeared to increase because smaller fish had a higher mortality rate than larger fish. The first explanation would imply density-dependence, whereas the second explanation would imply size-selective mortality. These alternatives have implications on hatchery practices including salmon size at release and number of salmon in release groups. C1 [Sabal, Megan C.; Henderson, Mark J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, CIMEC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sabal, Megan C.; Henderson, Mark J.; Harding, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Huff, David D.] NOAA, Point Adams Res Stn, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, POB 155, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. [Fiechter, Jerome] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hayes, Sean A.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Henderson, Mark J.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Calif Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Sabal, MC (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM msabal@ucsc.edu OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX The authors thank B. Wells for scientific insight, B. Lehman for extracting tags, the NW Fisheries Science Center and Fisheries and Ocean Canada for sharing data on tagged juvenile salmon, and Northwest Marine Technology for reading coded wire tags. This project would not have been possible without the efforts from current and past members of the salmon ecology team and crews of the vessels AR4 Jensen, Bell Shimada, Cassandra Anne, David Starr Jordan, Frosti, Irene's Way, Long Fin, Ocean Starr, Shana Rae, and Whitsel. Comments from four reviewers were valuable and greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the collection procedures were conducted under IACUC guidelines. NR 103 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2016 VL 99 IS 12 BP 949 EP 967 DI 10.1007/s10641-016-0536-3 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ED4OS UT WOS:000388829900004 ER PT J AU Baerum, KM Vollestad, LA Kiffney, P Remy, A Haugen, TO AF Baerum, Kim Magnus Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn Kiffney, Peter Remy, Alice Haugen, Thrond Oddvar TI Population-level variation in juvenile brown trout growth from different climatic regions of Norway to an experimental thermal gradient SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Temperature; Precipitation; Adaptation; Fish; Salmonids ID SALMO-TRUTTA; COUNTERGRADIENT VARIATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; SIZE; COMPENSATION; TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY; EVOLUTION AB Climate-change scenarios predict increasing temperatures and more precipitation at high latitudes. Ectothermic species are highly affected by these environmental variables and due to few dispersal opportunities many populations will need to adapt to these environmental changes. Understanding if, where, and how such adaptation processes occur is important for our understanding of the possible impacts of a changing climate. Individual growth, a key life-history trait influencing population-level parameters is directly affected by temperature especially in ectotherms. Thermal adaptations that optimize growth are therefore expected in such organisms. However, knowledge about how ectothermic animals modify growth rate in the face of climate change is poor at best for many species especially at the local population level. Here, we present a common-garden experiment exploring variations in growth reaction norms for three populations of Salmo trutta (a temperate freshwater fish) over three discrete temperatures. The populations originated from different climatic regions of Norway that vary in temperature and precipitation. Thermal growth reaction norms varied among populations, however we found no convincing evidence for either local thermal adaptations or countergradient adaptations. Rather, the population variation tended to correlate with a variable indicating east vs west climate region, that is strongly associated with a gradient in precipitation in Norway. This results suggests precipitation levels with corresponding flow regimes to have a stronger selection potential for early juvenile growth compared to temperature in these systems. C1 Norwegian Inst Nat Res, FakkelgA, Rden, Lillehammer, Norway. [Remy, Alice] Fac Appl Ecol & Agr Sci, Elverum, Norway. [Baerum, Kim Magnus; Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn] Univ Oslo, Dept Bioscience, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth CEES, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Kiffney, Peter] Fish Ecol Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Watershed Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Haugen, Thrond Oddvar] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, As, Norway. [Baerum, Kim Magnus] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-2624 Fakkelgarden, Lillehammer, Norway. [Baerum, Kim Magnus; Kiffney, Peter; Remy, Alice; Haugen, Thrond Oddvar] Hedmark Univ Coll, Fac Appl Ecol & Agr Sci, Campus Evenstad,POB 400, N-2418 Elverum, Norway. [Baerum, Kim Magnus; Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, CEES, POB 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Kiffney, Peter] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div,Watershed Program, Bldg B, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Haugen, Thrond Oddvar] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, POB 5003, NO-1432 As, Norway. RP Baerum, KM (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, CEES, POB 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM kim.barum@nina.no FU Hedmark University College, Campus Evenstad FX Cyril Milleret and Sandra Marie Paulsen contributed during the experiment. Thanks to George Pess and three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions to the manuscript. The study was possible through funding from Hedmark University College, Campus Evenstad. The experiment and procedures have been approved by the Norwegian Animal Research Authority (NARA) and registered by the Authority. NARA permission ID: FOTS ID 3705. The experiment have thus been conducted in accordance with the laws and regulations controlling experiments/procedures in live animals in Norway, i.e. the Animal Welfare Act of December 20th 1974, No 73, chapter VI sections 20-22 and the Regulation on Animal Experimentation of January 15th 1996. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2016 VL 99 IS 12 BP 1009 EP 1018 DI 10.1007/s10641-016-0533-6 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ED4OS UT WOS:000388829900009 ER PT J AU Baerum, KM Vollestad, LA Kiffney, P Remy, A Haugen, TO AF Baerum, Kim Magnus Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn Kiffney, Peter Remy, Alice Haugen, Thrond Oddvar TI Population-level variation in juvenile brown trout growth from different climatic regions of Norway to an experimental thermal gradient (vol 99, pg 1009, 2016) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Correction C1 [Baerum, Kim Magnus] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-2624 Fakkelgarden, Lillehammer, Norway. [Baerum, Kim Magnus; Kiffney, Peter; Remy, Alice; Haugen, Thrond Oddvar] Hedmark Univ Coll, Fac Appl Ecol & Agr Sci, Campus Evenstad,POB 400, N-2418 Elverum, Norway. [Baerum, Kim Magnus; Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, CEES, POB 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Kiffney, Peter] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div,Watershed Program, Bldg B, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Haugen, Thrond Oddvar] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, POB 5003, NO-1432 As, Norway. RP Baerum, KM (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, CEES, POB 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM kim.barum@nina.no NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2016 VL 99 IS 12 BP 1019 EP 1019 DI 10.1007/s10641-016-0553-2 PG 1 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ED4OS UT WOS:000388829900010 ER PT J AU Johnson, MO Galbraith, D Gloor, M De Deurwaerder, H Guimberteau, M Rammig, A Thonicke, K Verbeeck, H von Randow, C Monteagudo, A Phillips, OL Brienen, RJW Feldpausch, TR Gonzalez, GL Fauset, S Quesada, CA Christoffersen, B Ciais, P Sampaio, G Kruijt, B Meir, P Moorcroft, P Zhang, K Alvarez-Davila, E de Oliveira, AA Amaral, I Andrade, A Aragao, LEOC Araujo-Murakami, A Arets, EJMM Arroyo, L Aymard, GA Baraloto, C Barroso, J Bonal, D Boot, R Camargo, J Chave, J Cogollo, A Valverde, FC da Costa, ACL Di Fiore, A Ferreira, L Higuchi, N Honorio, EN Killeen, TJ Laurance, SG Laurance, WF Licona, J Lovejoy, T Malhi, Y Marimon, B Marimon, B Matos, DCL Mendoza, C Neill, DA Pardo, G Pena-Claros, M Pitman, NCA Poorter, L Prieto, A Ramirez-Angulo, H Roopsind, A Rudas, A Salomao, RP Silveira, M Stropp, J ter Steege, H Terborgh, J Thomas, R Toledo, M Torres-Lezama, A van der Heijden, GMF Vasquez, R Vieira, ICG Vilanova, E Vos, VA Baker, TR AF Johnson, Michelle O. Galbraith, David Gloor, Manuel De Deurwaerder, Hannes Guimberteau, Matthieu Rammig, Anja Thonicke, Kirsten Verbeeck, Hans von Randow, Celso Monteagudo, Abel Phillips, Oliver L. Brienen, Roel J. W. Feldpausch, Ted R. Gonzalez, Gabriela Lopez Fauset, Sophie Quesada, Carlos A. Christoffersen, Bradley Ciais, Philippe Sampaio, Gilvan Kruijt, Bart Meir, Patrick Moorcroft, Paul Zhang, Ke Alvarez-Davila, Esteban de Oliveira, Atila Alves Amaral, Ieda Andrade, Ana Aragao, Luiz E. O. C. Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro Arets, Eric J. M. M. Arroyo, Luzmila Aymard, Gerardo A. Baraloto, Christopher Barroso, Jocely Bonal, Damien Boot, Rene Camargo, Jose Chave, Jerome Cogollo, Alvaro Cornejo Valverde, Fernando Lola da Costa, Antonio C. Di Fiore, Anthony Ferreira, Leandro Higuchi, Niro Honorio, Euridice N. Killeen, Tim J. Laurance, Susan G. Laurance, William F. Licona, Juan Lovejoy, Thomas Malhi, Yadvinder Marimon, Bia Marimon, Ben Hur Matos, Darley C. L. Mendoza, Casimiro Neill, David A. Pardo, Guido Pena-Claros, Marielos Pitman, Nigel C. A. Poorter, Lourens Prieto, Adriana Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma Roopsind, Anand Rudas, Agustin Salomao, Rafael P. Silveira, Marcos Stropp, Juliana ter Steege, Hans Terborgh, John Thomas, Raquel Toledo, Marisol Torres-Lezama, Armando van der Heijden, Geertje M. F. Vasquez, Rodolfo Guimaraes Vieira, Ima Celia Vilanova, Emilio Vos, Vincent A. Baker, Timothy R. TI Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allometry; carbon; dynamic global vegetation model; forest plots; productivity; tropical forest ID ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES; TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS; CARBON BALANCE; EARTH SYSTEM; DROUGHT SENSITIVITY; WOOD PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; TREE MORTALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-BALANCE AB Understanding the processes that determine above-ground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity [woody net primary productivity (NPP)] and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influences AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs. C1 [Johnson, Michelle O.; Galbraith, David; Gloor, Manuel; Phillips, Oliver L.; Brienen, Roel J. W.; Gonzalez, Gabriela Lopez; Fauset, Sophie; Baker, Timothy R.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS6 2QT, W Yorkshire, England. [De Deurwaerder, Hannes; Verbeeck, Hans] Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, CAVElab Computat & Appl Vegetat Ecol, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Guimberteau, Matthieu; Ciais, Philippe] Univ Paris Saclay, UVSQ, LSCE, IPSL,CEA,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Guimberteau, Matthieu] UPMC, Sorbonne Univ, UMR 7619, METIS,IPSL,CNRS,EPHE, F-75252 Paris, France. [Rammig, Anja] Tech Univ Munich, TUM Sch Life Sci Weihenstephan, Hans Carl von Carlowitz Pl 2, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Rammig, Anja; Thonicke, Kirsten] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res PIK, Telegrafenberg A62,POB 60 12 03, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. [von Randow, Celso; Sampaio, Gilvan] INPE, Ave Dos Astronautas,1-758,Jd Granja, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Monteagudo, Abel; Aragao, Luiz E. O. C.] Prolongac Bolognesi Mz E, Jardin Bot Missouri, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru. [Feldpausch, Ted R.; Vasquez, Rodolfo] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Geog, Rennes Dr, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Quesada, Carlos A.; de Oliveira, Atila Alves; Amaral, Ieda; Andrade, Ana; Camargo, Jose; Higuchi, Niro] INPA, Ave Andre Araujo 2,936, BR-69067375 Manaus, AM, Brazil. [Christoffersen, Bradley; Meir, Patrick] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, Midlothian, Scotland. [Christoffersen, Bradley] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kruijt, Bart; Arets, Eric J. M. M.] Wageningen UR, ALTERRA, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Meir, Patrick] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Moorcroft, Paul] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, 26 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zhang, Ke] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Alvarez-Davila, Esteban] Fdn Con Vida, Cr68 A 46 A-77 Medellin, Medellin, Colombia. [Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro; Arroyo, Luzmila] Univ Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Museo Hist Nat Noel Kempff Mercado, Casilla 2489,Ave Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. [Aymard, Gerardo A.] Herbario Univ PORT, Programa Ciencias Agro & Mar, UNELLEZ Guanare, Mesa De Cavacas 3350, Estado Portugue, Venezuela. [Baraloto, Christopher] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Int Ctr Trop Bot, 112200 SW 8th St,OE 167, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Barroso, Jocely] Univ Fed Acre, Campus Cruzeiro Sul, Rio Branco, Brazil. [Bonal, Damien] INRA, UMR Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestiere 1137, F-54280 Champenoux, France. [Boot, Rene] Tropenbos Int, POB 232, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands. [Chave, Jerome] Univ Paul Sabatier, CNRS, UMR Evolut & Divers Biol 5174, Batiment 4R1, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Cogollo, Alvaro] Jardin Bot Medellin Joaquin Antonio Uribe, Calle 73 51 D 14 Medellin, Medellin, Colombia. [Cornejo Valverde, Fernando] Andes Amazon Biodivers Program, Puerto Maldonado, Madre De Dios, Peru. [Lola da Costa, Antonio C.] Fed Univ Para, Ctr Geociencias, BR-66017970 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Di Fiore, Anthony] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Anthropol, SAC Room 5-150,2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ferreira, Leandro; Matos, Darley C. L.; Salomao, Rafael P.; Guimaraes Vieira, Ima Celia] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Ave Magalhaes Barata 376 Sao Braz, BR-66040170 Belem, PA, Brazil. [Honorio, Euridice N.] Inst Invest Amazonia Peruana, Ave Jose Quinones Km 2-5, Iquitos, Peru. [Killeen, Tim J.] World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Laurance, Susan G.; Laurance, William F.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci TESS, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia. [Laurance, Susan G.; Laurance, William F.] James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia. [Licona, Juan; Pena-Claros, Marielos; Toledo, Marisol] Inst Boliviano Invest Forestal, CP 6201, Santa Cruz 6201, Bolivia. [Lovejoy, Thomas] George Mason Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Dept, 3351 Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. [Lovejoy, Thomas] George Mason Univ, Dept Publ & Int Affairs, 3351 Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. [Malhi, Yadvinder] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, South Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Marimon, Bia; Marimon, Ben Hur] Univ Estado Mato Grosso, Caixa Postal 08, BR-78690000 Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil. [Mendoza, Casimiro] Escuela Ciencias Forestales ESFOR, Ave Final Atahuallpa S-N,Casilla 447, Cochabamba, Bolivia. [Neill, David A.] Univ Estatal Amazonica, Fac Ingn Ambiental, Paso Lateral Km 2 1-2 Via Napo, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador. [Pardo, Guido] Univ Autonoma Beni, Campus Univ,Ave Ejercito Nacl, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia. [Pena-Claros, Marielos; Poorter, Lourens] Wageningen Univ, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Pitman, Nigel C. A.; Terborgh, John] Duke Univ, Ctr Trop Conservat, Box 90381, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Prieto, Adriana; Rudas, Agustin] Univ Nacl Colombia, Doctorado Inst Ciencias Nat, Bogota, Colombia. [Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma; Torres-Lezama, Armando; Vilanova, Emilio] Univ Los Andes, Inst Invest Desarrollo Forestal, Ave Principal Chorros de Milla, Merida, Venezuela. [Roopsind, Anand; Thomas, Raquel] Iwokrama Int Ctr Rainforest Conservat & Dev, 77 High St Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana. [Silveira, Marcos] Univ Fed Acre, Museu Univ, BR-69910900 Rio Branco, AC, Brazil. [Stropp, Juliana] Univ Fed Alagoas, Inst Biol & Hlth Sci, Ave Lourival Melo Mota S-N, BR-57072900 Maceio, AL, Brazil. [ter Steege, Hans] Nat Biodivers Ctr, POB 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [van der Heijden, Geertje M. F.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Vos, Vincent A.] Reg Norte Amazon, Ctr Invest & Promoc Campesinado, C Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra 362,Casilla 16, Riberalta, Bolivia. [Vos, Vincent A.] Univ Autonoma Beni, Ave 6 Agosto 64, Riberalta, Bolivia. RP Baker, TR (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS6 2QT, W Yorkshire, England. EM t.r.baker@leeds.ac.uk RI Zhang, Ke/B-3227-2012; Phillips, Oliver/A-1523-2011; ter Steege, Amaz/B-5866-2011; OI Zhang, Ke/0000-0001-5288-9372; Phillips, Oliver/0000-0002-8993-6168; ter Steege, Amaz/0000-0002-8738-2659; Thonicke, Kirsten/0000-0001-5283-4937; Honorio Coronado, Euridice/0000-0003-2314-590X; Guimberteau, Matthieu/0000-0001-8582-6087; Vos, Vincent Antoine/0000-0002-0388-8530 FU European Union [282664, 283080]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; ERC; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency; Consortium and Standard Grant 'AMAZONICA' [NE/F005806/1]; Consortium and Standard Grant 'TROBIT' [NE/D005590/1]; Consortium and Standard Grant 'Niche Evolution of South American Trees' [NE/I028122/1]; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico of Brazil (CNPq); project Programa de Pesquisas Ecologicas de Longa Duracao [PELD-403725/2012-7]; Helmholtz Alliance 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics'; EU FP7 project 'ROBIN' [283093]; Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs [KB-14-003-030]; US DOE (BER) NGEE-Tropics project; ERC Advanced Grant; Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award; ARC [FT110100457]; NERC [NE/J011002/1]; Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship FX This paper is a product of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme AMAZALERT project (282664). The field data used in this study have been generated by the RAINFOR network, which has been supported by a Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation grant, the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme projects 283080, 'GEOCARBON'; and 282664, 'AMAZALERT'; ERC grant 'Tropical Forests in the Changing Earth System'), and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency, Consortium and Standard Grants 'AMAZONICA' (NE/F005806/1), 'TROBIT' (NE/D005590/1) and 'Niche Evolution of South American Trees' (NE/I028122/1). Additional data were included from the Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network-a collaboration between Conservation International, the Missouri Botanical Garden, the Smithsonian Institution and the Wildlife Conservation Society, and partly funded by these institutions, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and other donors. Fieldwork was also partially supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico of Brazil (CNPq), project Programa de Pesquisas Ecologicas de Longa Duracao (PELD-403725/2012-7). A.R. acknowledges funding from the Helmholtz Alliance 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics'; L.P., M.P.C. E.A. and M.T. are partially funded by the EU FP7 project 'ROBIN' (283093), with co-funding for E.A. from the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (KB-14-003-030); B.C. [was supported in part by the US DOE (BER) NGEE-Tropics project (subcontract to LANL). O.L.P. is supported by an ERC Advanced Grant and is a Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award holder. P.M. acknowledges support from ARC grant FT110100457 and NERC grants NE/J011002/1, and T.R.B. acknowledges support from a Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 14 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 22 IS 12 BP 3996 EP 4013 DI 10.1111/gcb.13315 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EC0TJ UT WOS:000387813300015 PM 27082541 ER PT J AU Sotiropoulou, G Tjernstrom, M Sedlar, J Achtert, P Brooks, BJ Brooks, IM Persson, POG Prytherch, J Salisbury, DJ Shupe, MD Johnston, PE Wolfe, D AF Sotiropoulou, Georgia Tjernstrom, Michael Sedlar, Joseph Achtert, Peggy Brooks, Barbara J. Brooks, Ian M. Persson, P. Ola G. Prytherch, John Salisbury, Dominic J. Shupe, Matthew D. Johnston, Paul E. Wolfe, Dan TI Atmospheric Conditions during the Arctic Clouds in Summer Experiment (ACSE): Contrasting Open Water and Sea Ice Surfaces during Melt and Freeze-Up Seasons SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MIXED-PHASE STRATOCUMULUS; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS; TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS; OCEAN; LEVEL; ASCOS; AMPLIFICATION; BIASES; SHEBA AB The Arctic Clouds in Summer Experiment (ACSE) was conducted during summer and early autumn 2014, providing a detailed view of the seasonal transition from ice melt into freeze-up. Measurements were taken over both ice-free and ice-covered surfaces near the ice edge, offering insight into the role of the surface state in shaping the atmospheric conditions. The initiation of the autumn freeze-up was related to a change in air mass, rather than to changes in solar radiation alone; the lower atmosphere cooled abruptly, leading to a surface heat loss. During melt season, strong surface inversions persisted over the ice, while elevated inversions were more frequent over open water. These differences disappeared during autumn freeze-up, when elevated inversions persisted over both ice-free and ice-covered conditions. These results are in contrast to previous studies that found a well-mixed boundary layer persisting in summer and an increased frequency of surface-based inversions in autumn, suggesting that knowledge derived from measurements taken within the pan-Arctic area and on the central ice pack does not necessarily apply closer to the ice edge. This study offers an insight into the atmospheric processes that occur during a crucial period of the year; understanding and accurately modeling these processes is essential for the improvement of ice-extent predictions and future Arctic climate projections. C1 [Sotiropoulou, Georgia; Tjernstrom, Michael; Sedlar, Joseph] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, Arrhenius Vag 16C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sotiropoulou, Georgia; Tjernstrom, Michael; Sedlar, Joseph] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden. [Achtert, Peggy; Brooks, Ian M.; Prytherch, John; Salisbury, Dominic J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Brooks, Barbara J.] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Persson, P. Ola G.; Shupe, Matthew D.; Johnston, Paul E.; Wolfe, Dan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Persson, P. Ola G.; Shupe, Matthew D.; Johnston, Paul E.; Wolfe, Dan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sotiropoulou, G (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, Arrhenius Vag 16C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM georgia@misu.su.se RI Brooks, Ian/E-1378-2012; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; OI Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Achtert, Peggy/0000-0003-0156-5276 FU Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2011.2007]; Swedish Research Council [2013-5334, 2012-5098]; Faculty of Science at Stockholm University; U.S. Office of Naval Research [N000141210235]; U.K. Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K011820/1] FX ACSE was funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Grant 2011.2007), the Swedish Research Council (Grants 2013-5334 and 2012-5098), the Faculty of Science at Stockholm University, the U.S. Office of Naval Research (Grant N000141210235), and the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (Grant NE/K011820/1). The lidar and the radiosounding system were supplied by the Atmospheric Measurement Facility of the U.K. National Centre for Atmospheric Science, while the cloud radar was supplied by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). We are grateful to the two captains and crews of Oden and the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat for logistics and operational support. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 29 IS 24 BP 8721 EP 8744 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0211.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED2LR UT WOS:000388677100004 ER PT J AU Sekerka, RF McFadden, GB Boettinger, WJ AF Sekerka, R. F. McFadden, G. B. Boettinger, W. J. TI Analytical Derivation of the Sauer-Freise Flux Equation for Multicomponent Multiphase Diffusion Couples with Variable Partial Molar Volumes SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann/Matano analysis; multicomponent diffusion; multiphase diffusion; Sauer-Freise equation ID INTERDIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS; SYSTEMS; PHASE AB The well-known Sauer-Freise flux equation is derived analytically for the general case of a multiphase, multicomponent diffusion couple with variable molar volume. Discontinuities in concentration versus distance data are specifically treated. Fluxes with respect to the local center of volume are employed if the partial molar volumes are constants. Fluxes with respect to the local center of moles are employed for the more general case of variable partial molar volumes. C1 [Sekerka, R. F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Sekerka, R. F.; Boettinger, W. J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McFadden, G. B.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Boettinger, W. J.] Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP McFadden, GB (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcfadden@nist.gov OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 FU U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB15H279] FX William J. Boettinger acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, under financial assistance award 70NANB15H279. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-7037 EI 1863-7345 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 37 IS 6 BP 640 EP 650 DI 10.1007/s11669-016-0500-0 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA ED3CP UT WOS:000388727200002 ER PT J AU Monteiro, DS Estima, SC Gandra, TBR Silva, AP Bugoni, L Swimmer, Y Seminoff, JA Secchi, ER AF Monteiro, Danielle S. Estima, Sergio C. Gandra, Tiago B. R. Silva, Andrine P. Bugoni, Leandro Swimmer, Yonat Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Secchi, Eduardo R. TI Long-term spatial and temporal patterns of sea turtle strandings in southern Brazil SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA-SUR; GRANDE-DO-SUL; GULF-OF-MEXICO; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERNS; SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC; SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL AB Strandings of marine vertebrates along beaches have been widely used to infer threats and causes of mortality in adjacent waters. Understanding the influence of anthropogenic impacts on sea turtle survival is essential for effective conservation, yet limited data are available on the magnitude and patterns of sea turtle mortalities in southern Brazil. Our study reports sea turtle stranding data obtained from monthly beach surveys undertaken from 1995 to 2014 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and when possible, we identify causes of mortality associated with different fisheries. A total of 6285 turtles of five species were encountered, with the three most common species being loggerhead (Caretta caretta; n = 3192), green (Chelonia mydas; n = 2572), and leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea; n = 376). Generalized linear models demonstrated that loggerhead and green turtle strandings have increased over the last 10 years. Strandings were highest from October to March, which coincides with the greatest bottom pair trawl, gill net, and possibly double-rig trawl fishing effort near the coast. Our results provide a baseline to compare future sea turtle stranding patterns. For reducing sea turtle mortalities, we suggest that time/area closures and/or reduction in gill net, pair trawl, and possibly double-rig trawl fishing effort in coastal waters of southern Brazil during austral spring and summer be considered for future fisheries management plans. C1 [Monteiro, Danielle S.; Secchi, Eduardo R.] Univ Fed Rio Grande FURG, Lab Ecol & Conservacao Megafauna Marinha EcoMega, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Monteiro, Danielle S.; Bugoni, Leandro; Secchi, Eduardo R.] Univ Fed Rio Grande FURG, Programa Posgrad Oceanog Biol, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Monteiro, Danielle S.; Estima, Sergio C.; Gandra, Tiago B. R.; Silva, Andrine P.] NEMA, Projeto Tartarugas Marinhas, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Gandra, Tiago B. R.] Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Monteiro, Danielle S.; Bugoni, Leandro] Univ Fed Rio Grande FURG, Lab Aves Aquat & Tartarugas Marinhas, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Swimmer, Yonat] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. [Monteiro, Danielle S.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Monteiro, DS (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande FURG, Lab Ecol & Conservacao Megafauna Marinha EcoMega, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.; Monteiro, DS (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande FURG, Programa Posgrad Oceanog Biol, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.; Monteiro, DS (reprint author), NEMA, Projeto Tartarugas Marinhas, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.; Monteiro, DS (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande FURG, Lab Aves Aquat & Tartarugas Marinhas, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.; Monteiro, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM danismonteiro@yahoo.com.br FU Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente; Fundacao Grupo Boticario de Protecao a Natureza; Superintendencia do Porto do Rio Grande; Ministerio da Pesca e Aquicultura; PROBIO/MMA; Yaqu Pacha; Petrobras; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq (Brazilian Science, Technology and Innovation Ministry); 'Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-CAPES' (Ministry of Education) [144433/2012-5, PDSE 6831-15-0]; CNPq [PQ 307843/2014-0, PQ 310550/2015-7]; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This study was funded by Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente, Fundacao Grupo Boticario de Protecao a Natureza, Superintendencia do Porto do Rio Grande, Ministerio da Pesca e Aquicultura, PROBIO/MMA, Yaqu Pacha and Petrobras. D.S. Monteiro received scholarships from the 'Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq (Brazilian Science, Technology and Innovation Ministry) and 'Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-CAPES' (Ministry of Education) (Processes 144433/2012-5 and PDSE 6831-15-0). E.R. Secchi received a Research Fellowship from CNPq (PQ 307843/2014-0) and L. Bugoni received a Research Fellowship from CNPq (PQ 310550/2015-7). J. Seminoff and Y. Swimmer were supported by US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 103 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 163 IS 12 AR 247 DI 10.1007/s00227-016-3018-4 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ED2NW UT WOS:000388685000010 ER PT J AU Suzuki, T Chisnell, R Devarakonda, A Liu, YT Feng, W Xiao, D Lynn, JW Checkelsky, JG AF Suzuki, T. Chisnell, R. Devarakonda, A. Liu, Y. -T. Feng, W. Xiao, D. Lynn, J. W. Checkelsky, J. G. TI Large anomalous Hall effect in a half-Heusler antiferromagnet SO Nature Physics LA English DT Article ID TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; BERRY PHASE; FERROMAGNET AB The quantum mechanical (Berry) phase of the electronic wavefunction plays a critical role in the anomalous(1,2) and spin Hall effects(3,4), including their quantized limits(5-7). While progress has been made in understanding these effects in ferromagnets(8), less is known in antiferromagnetic systems. Here we present a study of antiferromagnet GdPtBi, whose electronic structure is similar to that of the topologically non-trivial HgTe (refs 9-11), and where the Gd ions offer the possibility to tune the Berry phase via control of the spin texture. We show that this system supports an anomalous Hall angle Theta(AH) > 0.1, comparable to the largest observed in bulk ferromagnets(12) and significantly larger than in other antiferromagnets(13). Neutron scattering measurements and electronic structure calculations suggest that this effect originates from avoided crossing or Weyl points that develop near the Fermi level due to a breaking of combined time-reversal and lattice symmetries. Berry phase effects associated with such symmetry breaking have recently been explored in kagome networks(14-17); our results extend this to half-Heusler systems with non-trivial band topology. The magnetic textures indicated heremay also provide pathways towards realizing the topological insulating and semimetallic states(9-11,18,19) predicted in this material class. C1 [Suzuki, T.; Devarakonda, A.; Liu, Y. -T.; Checkelsky, J. G.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chisnell, R.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Feng, W.] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Xiao, D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Checkelsky, JG (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM checkelsky@mit.edu RI Suzuki, Takehito/B-3038-2013; Xiao, Di/B-1830-2008 OI Xiao, Di/0000-0003-0165-6848 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation EPiQS Initiative [GBMF3848]; NSF [DMR-1554891]; ARO [W911NF-16-1-0034]; NSF of China [11374033]; DOE Basic Energy Sciences Grant [DE-SC0012509]; STC Center for Integrated Quantum Materials, NSF Grant [DMR-1231319]; Bose Fellows Program at MIT; National Science Foundation [DMR-1157490]; State of Florida; US Department of Energy FX We are grateful to Y. Lee, L. Fu, L. Savary and H. Sakai for fruitful discussions. This research is funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation EPiQS Initiative, Grant GBMF3848 to J.G.C., material development by NSF grant DMR-1554891, and instrumentation development with ARO grant W911NF-16-1-0034. W.F. acknowledges support from the NSF of China (No. 11374033). D.X. acknowledges support from DOE Basic Energy Sciences Grant No. DE-SC0012509. A.D. acknowledges support by the STC Center for Integrated Quantum Materials, NSF Grant No. DMR-1231319. J.G.C. acknowledges support from the Bose Fellows Program at MIT. A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-1157490, the State of Florida, and the US Department of Energy. We acknowledge the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, in providing the BT-7 neutron facility used in this work. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 38 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1119 EP + DI 10.1038/NPHYS3831 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ED8PQ UT WOS:000389133800013 ER PT J AU Ekin, JW Cheggour, N Goodrich, L Splett, J Bordini, B Richter, D AF Ekin, Jack W. Cheggour, Najib Goodrich, Loren Splett, Jolene Bordini, Bernardo Richter, David TI Unified Scaling Law for flux pinning in practical superconductors: II. Parameter testing, scaling constants, and the Extrapolative Scaling Expression SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Nb3Sn; scaling law; flux pinning; critical current; strain; superconductor measurements; critical current extrapolation ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; STRAIN DEPENDENCE; COMPOSITE SUPERCONDUCTORS; COUPLED SUPERCONDUCTORS; VARIABLE-TEMPERATURE; NB3SN CONDUCTORS; FORCE DENSITY; WIRES; MODEL AB A scaling study of several thousand Nb3Sn critical-current (I-c) measurements is used to derive the Extrapolative Scaling Expression (ESE), a relation that can quickly and accurately extrapolate limited datasets to obtain full three-dimensional dependences of I-c on magnetic field (B), temperature (T), and mechanical strain (epsilon). The relation has the advantage of being easy to implement, and offers significant savings in sample characterization time and a useful tool for magnet design. Thorough data-based analysis of the general parameterization of the Unified Scaling Law (USL) shows the existence of three universal scaling constants for practical Nb3Sn conductors. The study also identifies the scaling parameters that are conductor specific and need to be fitted to each conductor. This investigation includes two new, rare, and very large I-c(B, T, epsilon) datasets (each with nearly a thousand I-c measurements spanning magnetic fields from 1 to 16 T, temperatures from similar to 2.26 to 14 K, and intrinsic strains from -1.1% to +0.3%). The results are summarized in terms of the general USL parameters given in table 3 of Part 1 (Ekin J W 2010 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 23 083001) of this series of articles. The scaling constants determined for practical Nb3Sn conductors are: the upper-critical-field temperature parameter v = 1.50 +/- 0.04; the cross-link parameter w = 3.0 +/- 0.3; and the strain curvature parameter u = 1.7 +/- 0.1 (from equation (29) for b(c2)(epsilon) in Part 1). These constants and required fitting parameters result in the ESE relation, given by I-c (B, T, epsilon)B = C[b(c2) (epsilon)](s) (1 - t(1.5))(eta-mu) (1 - t(2))(mu) b(p) (1 - b)(q) with reduced magnetic field b equivalent to B/B-c2*(T, epsilon) and reduced temperature t equivalent to T/T-c*(epsilon), where: B-c2* (T,epsilon)= B-c2* (0,0) (1 - t(1.5))b(c2) (epsilon) T-c* (epsilon) = T-c* (0) [b(c2) (epsilon)](1/3) and fitting parameters: C, B-c2 *(0,0), T-c *(0), s, either eta or mu (but not both), plus the parameters in the strain function b(c2)(epsilon). The pinning-force shape parameters p and q are also preferably fitted (simultaneously with the other parameters), but default values p = 0.5 and q = 2.0 also give high fitting accuracy when the range of relative magnetic fields is not extensive. Default values are also essential when the magnetic field data range is insufficient to determine p and q. The scaling constants are remarkably stable (changes less than similar to 1%) with respect to different values of p and q, Nb3Sn conductor configurations, magnetic self-field corrections, and pinning-force trim values. The results demonstrate that the scaling of transport critical current holds down to the lowest temperatures measured similar to 2.2 K, for both magnetic self-field corrected and uncorrected data. An initial comparison is also made between transport and magnetization scaling data in matched Nb3Sn samples and significant differences are found, especially for the upper critical field B-c2 *(T, epsilon), which may be a result of inhomogeneous shielding currents. In Part 3 of this topical review series (Ekin J W 2017 Supercond. Sci. Technol. at press), the smallest practical minimum dataset for extrapolating full I-c(B, T, epsilon) datasets is derived. Application of the ESE relation is illustrated in several new areas, including full characterization of Nb3Sn conductors from as little as a single I-c(B) curve when a few core parameters have been determined for similar conductors. C1 [Ekin, Jack W.; Cheggour, Najib; Goodrich, Loren; Splett, Jolene] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cheggour, Najib; Goodrich, Loren] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bordini, Bernardo; Richter, David] CERN, Dept Technol, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Ekin, JW (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jackekin1@gmail.com FU ITER International Organization [4300000267]; US Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics [DE-AI02-04ER41343, DE-AI02-04ER41307, DE-SC0003709, DE-SC0010690]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [7285998] FX Support provided by N Mitchell and the ITER International Organization to one of us (JWE) is gratefully acknowledged for the opportunity to present some early findings of this study at the Electromagnetic and Mechanical Effects in Superconductors Conference in Aix en Provence, France, 2013 (MEM13). We particularly appreciated the helpful suggestions and feedback from many of the conference participants.; This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, Grants DE-AI02-04ER41343, DE-AI02-04ER41307, DE-SC0003709, DE-SC0010690, ITER International Organization Agreement No. 4300000267, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory subcontract No. 7285998. NR 79 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 29 IS 12 AR 123002 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/29/12/123002 PG 38 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EE0HM UT WOS:000389255000001 ER PT J AU Greggor, AL Berger-Tal, O Blumstein, DT Angeloni, L Bessa-Gomes, C Blackwell, BF St Clair, CC Crooks, K de Silva, S Fernandez-Juricic, E Goldenberg, SZ Mesnick, SL Owen, M Price, CJ Saltz, D Schell, CJ Suarez, AV Swaisgood, RR Winchell, CS Sutherland, WJ AF Greggor, Alison L. Berger-Tal, Oded Blumstein, Daniel T. Angeloni, Lisa Bessa-Gomes, Carmen Blackwell, Bradley F. St Clair, Colleen Cassady Crooks, Kevin de Silva, Shermin Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban Goldenberg, Shifra Z. Mesnick, Sarah L. Owen, Megan Price, Catherine J. Saltz, David Schell, Christopher J. Suarez, Andrew V. Swaisgood, Ronald R. Winchell, Clark S. Sutherland, William J. TI Research Priorities from Animal Behaviour for Maximising Conservation Progress SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID POPULATION VIABILITY; ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ET-AL; WILDLIFE; BIOLOGY; DETERRENTS; FRAMEWORK; SCIENCE; AREAS AB Poor communication between academic researchers and wildlife managers limits conservation progress and innovation. As a result, input from overlapping fields, such as animal behaviour, is underused in conservation management despite its demonstrated utility as a conservation tool and countless papers advocating its use. Communication and collaboration across these two disciplines are unlikely to improve without clearly identified management needs and demonstrable impacts of behavioural-based conservation management. To facilitate this process, a team of wildlife managers and animal behaviour researchers conducted a research prioritisation exercise, identifying 50 key questions that have great potential to resolve critical conservation and management problems. The resulting agenda highlights the diversity and extent of advances that both fields could achieve through collaboration. C1 [Greggor, Alison L.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Berger-Tal, Oded; Saltz, David] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Mitrani Dept Desert Ecol, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. [Blumstein, Daniel T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Angeloni, Lisa; Schell, Christopher J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bessa-Gomes, Carmen] Univ Paris Saclay, Ecol Systemat Evolut, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS,AgroParisTech, Orsay, France. [Blackwell, Bradley F.; Schell, Christopher J.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [St Clair, Colleen Cassady] Univ Alberta, Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Crooks, Kevin] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [de Silva, Shermin] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA USA. [de Silva, Shermin] Trunk & Leaves Inc, Newtonville, MA USA. [Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Goldenberg, Shifra Z.] Save Elephants, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mesnick, Sarah L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Owen, Megan; Swaisgood, Ronald R.] San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA USA. [Price, Catherine J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Suarez, Andrew V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Biol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Suarez, Andrew V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Winchell, Clark S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Partnerships Program, Carlsbad, CA USA. [Sutherland, William J.] Univ Cambridge, Conservat Sci Grp, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England. RP Greggor, AL (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Alison.L.Greggor@dartmouth.edu OI Schell, Christopher/0000-0002-2073-9852; Greggor, Alison/0000-0003-0998-618X NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 26 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 31 IS 12 BP 953 EP 964 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2016.09.001 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA EE2DU UT WOS:000389394700014 PM 27692480 ER PT J AU Zhao, H Wang, CZ Yoshida, R AF Zhao, Haikun Wang, Chunzai Yoshida, Ryuji TI Modulation of tropical cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific by the quasi-biweekly oscillation SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclogenesis; quasi-biweekly oscillation; genesis potential index; large-scale patterns; western North Pacific ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SUMMER INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; SYNOPTIC-SCALE DISTURBANCES; WAVE ENERGY DISPERSION; ROSSBY-GRAVITY WAVES; SOUTH CHINA SEA; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; BOREAL SUMMER; PART I; OBSERVATIONAL ANALYSIS AB The quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) is the second most dominant intraseasonal mode over the western North Pacific (WNP) during boreal summer. In this study, the modulation of WNP tropical cyclogenesis (TCG) by the QBWO and its association with large-scale patterns are investigated. A strong modulation of WNP TCG events by the QBWO is found. More TCG events occur during the QBWO's convectively active phase. Based on the genesis potential index (GPI), we further evaluate the role of environmental factors in affecting WNP TCG. The positive GPI anomalies associated with the QBWO correspond well with TCG counts and locations. A large positive GPI anomaly is spatially correlated with WNP TCG events during a life cycle of the QBWO. The low-level relative vorticity and mid-level relative humidity appear to be two dominant contributors to the QBWO-composited GPI anomalies during the QBWO's active phase, followed by the nonlinear and potential intensity terms. These positive contributions to the GPI anomalies are partly offset by the negative contribution from the vertical wind shear. During the QBWO's inactive phase, the mid-level relative humidity appears to be the largest contributor, while weak contributions are also made by the nonlinear and low-level relative vorticity terms. Meanwhile, these positive contributions are partly cancelled out by the negative contribution from the potential intensity. The contributions of these environmental factors to the GPI anomalies associated with the QBWO are similar in all five flow patterns-the monsoon shear line, monsoon confluence region, monsoon gyre, easterly wave, and Rossby wave energy dispersion associated with a preexisting TC. Further analyses show that the QBWO strongly modulates the synoptic-scale wave trains (SSWs) over the WNP, with larger amplitude SSWs during the QBWO's active phase. This implies a possible enhanced (weakened) relationship between TCG and SSWs during the active (inactive) phase. This study improves our understanding of the modulation of WNP TCG by the QBWO and thus helps with efforts to improve the intraseasonal prediction of WNP TCG. C1 [Zhao, Haikun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster,Pacific Typhoon Res Ctr, Minist Educ Joint Int Res Lab Climate & Environm, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Yoshida, Ryuji] RIKEN Adv Inst Computat Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6500047, Japan. RP Zhao, H (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster,Pacific Typhoon Res Ctr, Minist Educ Joint Int Res Lab Climate & Environm, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. EM zhk2004y@gmail.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41675072, 41305050, 41275093, 41475091, 41305039]; National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430301, 2013CB430103, 2015CB452803]; Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Fund Project [BK20150910]; Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China [14KJA170005]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD); Project of Global Change and Air Sea Interaction [GASI-03-IPOVAI-04]; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41675072, 41305050, 41275093, 41475091 and 41305039), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2013CB430301, 2013CB430103 and 2015CB452803), the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Fund Project (Grant No. BK20150910), the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant No. 14KJA170005), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), the Project of Global Change and Air Sea Interaction (Grant No. GASI-03-IPOVAI-04), and the base funding of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. This study is Earth System Modelling Center Contribution Number 117. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1361 EP 1375 DI 10.1007/s00376-016-5267-z PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED0ZT UT WOS:000388573900006 ER PT J AU Flynn, CM Pickering, KE Crawford, JH Weinheimer, AJ Diskin, G Thornhill, KL Loughner, C Lee, P Strode, SA AF Flynn, Clare Marie Pickering, Kenneth E. Crawford, James H. Weinheimer, Andrew J. Diskin, Glenn Thornhill, K. Lee Loughner, Christopher Lee, Pius Strode, Sarah A. TI Variability of O-3 and NO2 profile shapes during DISCOVER-AQ: Implications for satellite observations and comparisons to model-simulated profiles SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Nitrogen oxides; DISCOVER-AQ; Cluster analysis; Aircraft measurement campaign; Measurement-model comparison ID SURFACE AIR-QUALITY; OZONESONDE PROFILES; INTEX-B; RETRIEVALS; EMISSIONS; OMI; ALGORITHM; POLLUTION; AIRCRAFT; MISSION AB To investigate the variability of in situ profile shapes under a variety of meteorological and pollution conditions, results are presented of an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis of the in situ O-3 and NO2 profiles for each of the four campaigns of the NASA DISCOVER-AQ mission. Understanding the observed profile variability for these trace gases is useful for understanding the accuracy of the assumed profile shapes used in satellite retrieval algorithms as well as for understanding the correlation between satellite column observations and surface concentrations. The four campaigns of the DISCOVER-AQ mission took place in Maryland during July 2011, the San Joaquin Valley of California during January February 2013, the Houston, Texas, metropolitan region during September 2013, and the Denver-Front Range region of Colorado during July August 2014. Several distinct profile clusters emerged for the California, Texas, and Colorado campaigns for O-3, indicating significant variability of O-3 profile shapes, while the Maryland campaign presented only one distinct O-3 cluster. In contrast, very few distinct profile clusters emerged for NO2 during any campaign for this particular clustering technique, indicating the NO2 profile behavior was relatively uniform throughout each campaign. However, changes in NO2 profile shape were evident as the boundary layer evolved through the day, but they were apparently not significant enough to yield more clusters. The degree of vertical mixing (as indicated by temperature lapse rate) associated with each cluster exerted an important influence on the shapes of the median cluster profiles for O-3, as well as impacted the correlations between the associated column and surface data for each cluster for O-3. The correlation analyses suggest satellites may have the best chance to relate to surface O-3 under the conditions encountered during the Maryland campaign Clusters 1 and 2, which include deep, convective boundary layers and few interruptions to this connection from complex meteorology, chemical environments, or orography. The regional CMAQ model captured the shape factors for O-3, and moderately well captured the NO2 shape factors, for the conditions associated with the Maryland campaign, suggesting that a regional air quality model may adequately specify a priori profile shapes for remote sensing retrievals. CMAQ shape factor profiles were not as well represented for the other regions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Flynn, Clare Marie; Pickering, Kenneth E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pickering, Kenneth E.; Loughner, Christopher] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Crawford, James H.; Diskin, Glenn; Thornhill, K. Lee] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Weinheimer, Andrew J.] NCAR, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Loughner, Christopher] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, Pius] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Strode, Sarah A.] NASA, GSFC, GESTAR, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Flynn, Clare Marie] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Flynn, CM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Flynn, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM cflynn@atmos.umd.edu RI Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; OI Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Loughner, Christopher/0000-0002-3833-2014 FU NASA Earth Venture 1 DISCOVER-AQ project FX Funding for this work was provided by the NASA Earth Venture 1 DISCOVER-AQ project. The authors thank the MDE, the SJV ACPD, the CARB, the TCEQ the CDPHE, Millersville University, the Penn State NATIVE team, the NASA COMMIT team, the NASA LARGE group, the EPA, and NOAA for providing the surface O3 and NO2 datasets used in this work. The authors also thank Donald Lenschow for providing PBL height estimates for the Maryland campaign. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 147 BP 133 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.068 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED0PE UT WOS:000388543600013 ER PT J AU Hale, MC McKinney, GJ Thrower, FP Nichols, KM AF Hale, Matthew C. McKinney, Garrett J. Thrower, Frank P. Nichols, Krista M. TI RNA-seq reveals differential gene expression in the brains of juvenile resident and migratory smolt rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Migration; Genetics; Transcriptome; Salmonid; Smoltification ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT; GROWTH-HORMONE; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; THYROID-HORMONES; PINEAL-GLAND; FRESH-WATER AB Many migratory traits are heritable, but there is a paucity of evidence identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying differentiation in alternative migratory tactics, or in linking variation in gene expression to migratory behaviors. To that end, we examined differential gene expression in the brain transcriptome between young steelhead trout that had undergone the smoltification process, and resident rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from Sashin Creek, Alaska. Samples were sequenced from two time points: immediately before (at 20 months of age) and during (2 years of age) the presumed peak of smoltification. Smolt and resident individuals came from two genetic crosses, one where both parents were migratory, and another where both parents were residents. A total of 533 (1.9%) genes were differentially expressed between crosses, or between smolt and resident samples. These genes include some candidate migratory genes (such as POMC), as well as genes with no previous known involvement in the migratory process. Progeny from resident parents showed more upregulated genes than progeny from migrant parents at both time points. Pathway analysis showed enrichment in 227 biological pathways between cross type, and 171 biological pathways were enriched between residents and smolts. Enriched pathways had connections to many biofunctions, and most were only enriched in one contrast. However, pathways connected to phototransduction were enriched between both cross type and migratory tactics in 11 out of 12 contrasts, suggesting there are fundamental differences in how smolts and residents process light in the brain. The genes and pathways described herein constitute an a priori candidate list for future studies of migration in other populations of O. mykiss, and other migratory species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hale, Matthew C.; McKinney, Garrett J.; Nichols, Krista M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Hale, Matthew C.] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Biol, 2800 S Univ Dr, Ft Worth, TX 76133 USA. [Thrower, Frank P.] NOAA, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. [Nichols, Krista M.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [McKinney, Garrett J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Nichols, KM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA.; Nichols, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM krista.nichols@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation Career Award [NSF-DEB-0845265]; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute, NOAH FX We are grateful to the staff at Little Port Walter, Alaska, for assistance in collection of gametes, culture of juveniles, and tissue sample collection. Thanks also go to Phillip San Miguel, and Paul Parker at the Genomics Facility at Purdue University for their work in constructing Illumina libraries, and carrying out the sequencing. Penny Swanson, Nicholas Marra, and Nate Lichti provided invaluable comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Julien Bobe, Matt Rise, and Chris Martyniuk provided helpful advice on the treatment of possible pituitary transcripts. Two anonymous reviewers and the handling editors provided invaluable comments that improved the manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by a National Science Foundation Career Award to Krista Nichols (NSF-DEB-0845265) and by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute, NOAH. NR 104 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 25 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1744-117X EI 1878-0407 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS D JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. D-Genomics Proteomics PD DEC PY 2016 VL 20 BP 136 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.07.006 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA ED8BS UT WOS:000389097500016 PM 27693967 ER PT J AU Kant, M Akis, M Calan, M Arkan, T Bayraktar, F Dizdaroglu, M Islekel, H AF Kant, Melis Akis, Merve Calan, Mehmet Arkan, Tugba Bayraktar, Firat Dizdaroglu, Miral Islekel, Huray TI Elevated urinary levels of 8-oxo-2 '-deoxyguanosine, (5 ' R)- and (5 ' S)-8,5 '-cyclo-2 '-deoxyadenosines, and 8-iso-prostaglandi F-2 alpha as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with prediabetes SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE Oxidatively induced DNA damage; Lipid peroxidation; Prediabetes; 8-Oxo-2 '-deoxyguanosine; 8,5 '-cyc/o-2 '-Deoxyadenosines; 8-iso-Prostaglandin F-2 alpha ID TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE REGULATION; EXCISION-REPAIR PATHWAY; MODIFIED DNA LESIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DAMAGE; MECHANISMS; DISEASE; MARKERS; 8-OXO-7,8-DIHYDRO-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE AB Prediabetes is the preclinical stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with intermediate state of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia results in a state of oxidative stress, which may contribute to the production of insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction and long-term complications of diabetes. Novel approaches are required for prevention and treatment of diabetes. New biomarkers that can be used in risk stratification and therapy control as supplementary'to current parameters are needed. These biomarkers may facilitate a more individualized and sufficient treatment of diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the levels of oxidatively induced DNA damage products, 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) (also known as 8-OH-dG), (5'R)- and (5'S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosines (R-cdA and S-cdA), and the lipid peroxidation product 8-iso-prostaglandin F-2 alpha, (8-iso-PGF(2 alpha)) as reliable oxidative stress markers in patients with prediabetes or T2DM in comparison with healthy volunteers. Urine samples were collected from these subjects. Absolute quantification of 8-oxo-dG, R-cdA, S-cdA and 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) was achieved by liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. The levels of 8-oxo-dG, S-cdA and 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) were significantly greater in prediabetes patients than those in healthy volunteers. T2DM patients also had higher levels of 8-oxo-dG than healthy volunteers. No statistically significant difference was observed for R-cdA levels. 8-Oxo-dG levels positively correlated with R-cdA and S-cdA levels for prediabetes and newly diagnosed T2DM. S-cdA levels and HbAlc were found negatively correlated in prediabetes patients. Also 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) levels and HbAlc were found negatively correlated in prediabetes patients. These results indicate that oxidatively induced macromolecular damage appears before the establishment of T2DM. Thus, our data suggest that oxidatively induced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation products that were found to be elevated in prediabetic stage may be used as early disease markers in patients at risk for T2DM. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kant, Melis; Akis, Merve; Islekel, Huray] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Inst Hlth Sci, Dept Med Biochem, TR-35340 Izmir, Turkey. [Calan, Mehmet] Izmir Bozkaya Res & Educ Hosp, Div Endocrinol, TR-35170 Izmir, Turkey. [Arkan, Tugba] Derince Res & Educ Hosp, Div Endocrinol, TR-41900 Kocaeli, Turkey. [Bayraktar, Firat] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Dept Internal Med, TR-35340 Izmir, Turkey. [Dizdaroglu, Miral] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Islekel, Huray] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Inst Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Mol Med, TR-35340 Izmir, Turkey. RP Kant, M (reprint author), Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Inst Hlth Sci, Dept Med Biochem, TR-35340 Izmir, Turkey. EM melissdinc@gmail.com FU Dokuz Eylul University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit FX This research was supported by a grant from Dokuz Eylul University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 EI 1568-7856 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD DEC PY 2016 VL 48 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.09.004 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA ED7ZN UT WOS:000389091400001 PM 27769710 ER PT J AU Calkins, MJ Vartanian, V Owen, N Kirkali, G Jaruga, P Dizdaroglu, M McCullough, AK Lloyd, RS AF Calkins, Marcus J. Vartanian, Vladimir Owen, Nichole Kirkali, Guldal Jaruga, Pawel Dizdaroglu, Miral McCullough, Amanda K. Lloyd, R. Stephen TI Enhanced sensitivity of Neill-/- mice to chronic UVB exposure SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE DNA base excision repair; DNA glycosylases; UV-induced inflammation; Oxidatively-induced DNA base damage ID CYCLOBUTANE PYRIMIDINE DIMER; INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; CIS-THYMINE GLYCOL; HIGH-FAT DIET; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; HUMAN SKIN; MURINE EPIDERMIS; IN-VIVO; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced DNA base damage are thought to be central mediators of UV -induced carcinogenesis and skin aging. However, increased steady-state levels of ROS-induced DNA base damage have not been reported after chronic UV exposure. Accumulation of ROS-induced DNA base damage is governed by rates of lesion formation and repair. Repair is generally performed by Base Excision Repair(BER), which is initiated by DNA glycosylases, such as 8-oxoguanine glycosylase and Nei-Endonuclease VIII-Like 1 (NEIL1). In the current study, UV light (UVB) was used to elicit protracted low-level ROS challenge in wild-type (WT) and Neill -/- mouse skin. Relative to WT controls, Neill -/-mice showed an increased sensitivity to tissue destruction from the chronic UVB exposure, and corresponding enhanced chronic inflammatory responses as measured by cytokine message levels and profiling, as well as neutrophil infiltration. Additionally, levels of several ROS-induced DNA lesions were measured including 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyAde), 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua), 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua), 5,6-dihydroxyuracil (5,6-diOH-Ura) and thymine glycol (ThyGly). In WT mice, chronic UVB exposure led to increased steady-state levels of FapyGua, FapyAde, and ThyGly with no significant increases in 8-OH-Gua or 5,6-di0H-Ura. Interestingly, the lesions that accumulated were all substrates of NEIL1 Collectively, these data suggest that NEIL1-initiated repair of a subset of ROS-induced DNA base lesions may be insufficient to prevent the initiation of inflammatory pathways during chronic UV exposure in mouse skin. (c) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Calkins, Marcus J.; Vartanian, Vladimir; Owen, Nichole; McCullough, Amanda K.; Lloyd, R. Stephen] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Oregon Inst Occupat Hlth Sci, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Kirkali, Guldal; Jaruga, Pawel; Dizdaroglu, Miral] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McCullough, Amanda K.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Lloyd, R. Stephen] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Calkins, Marcus J.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Inst Clin Med, Tainan, Taiwan. [Kirkali, Guldal] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20841 USA. RP Lloyd, RS (reprint author), 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM lloydst@ohsu.edu FU NIH [R01 DK075974]; Training Program in the Molecular Basis of Skin/Mucosa Pathobiology [T32-CA106195] FX This work was partially supported by NIH R01 DK075974 (RSL) and the Training Program in the Molecular Basis of Skin/Mucosa Pathobiology (T32-CA106195) supported MJC. Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 EI 1568-7856 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD DEC PY 2016 VL 48 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.10.010 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA ED7ZN UT WOS:000389091400005 PM 27818081 ER PT J AU Vilela, R Bossart, GD St Leger, JA Dalton, LM Reif, JS Schaefer, AM McCarthy, PJ Fair, PA Mendoza, L AF Vilela, Raquel Bossart, Gregory D. St Leger, Judy A. Dalton, Leslie M. Reif, John S. Schaefer, Adam M. McCarthy, Peter J. Fair, Patricia A. Mendoza, Leonel TI Cutaneous Granulomas in Dolphins Caused by Novel Uncultivated Paracoccidioides brasiliensis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; PATHOGEN LACAZIA-LOBOI; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; LOBOMYCOSIS; DISEASE; SEQUENCE; HUMANS AB Cutaneous granulomas in dolphins were believed to be caused by Lacazia loboi, which also causes a similar disease in humans. This hypothesis was recently challenged by reports that fungal DNA sequences from dolphins grouped this pathogen with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. We conducted phylogenetic analysis of fungi from 6 bottle-nose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) with cutaneous granulomas and chains of yeast cells in infected tissues. Kex gene sequences of P. brasiliensis from dolphins showed 100% homology with sequences from cultivated P. brasiliensis, 73% with those of L. loboi, and 93% with those of P. lutzii. Parsimony analysis placed DNA sequences from dolphins within a cluster with human P. brasiliensis strains. This cluster was the sister taxon to P. lutzii and L. loboi. Our molecular data support previous findings and suggest that a novel uncultivated strain of P. brasiliensis restricted to cutaneous lesions in dolphins is probably the cause of lacaziosis/lobomycosis, herein referred to as paracoccidioidomycosis ceti. C1 [Vilela, Raquel] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Vilela, Raquel; Mendoza, Leonel] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [St Leger, Judy A.] SeaWorld, San Diego, CA USA. [Dalton, Leslie M.] SeaWorld, San Antonio, TX USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schaefer, Adam M.; McCarthy, Peter J.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC USA. RP Mendoza, L (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Biomed Lab Diagnost Program, North Kedzie Hall,354 Farm Lane,Rm 324, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mendoza9@msu.edu FU Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University FX This study was supported in part by the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2016 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2063 EP 2069 DI 10.3201/eid2212.160860 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ED5SP UT WOS:000388912900004 PM 27869614 ER PT J AU Breslow, SJ Sojka, B Barnea, R Basurto, X Carothers, C Charnley, S Coulthard, S Dolsak, N Donatuto, J Garcia-Quijano, C Hicks, CC Levine, A Mascia, MB Norman, K Poe, M Satterfield, T St Martin, K Levin, PS AF Breslow, Sara Jo Sojka, Brit Barnea, Raz Basurto, Xavier Carothers, Courtney Charnley, Susan Coulthard, Sarah Dolsak, Nives Donatuto, Jamie Garcia-Quijano, Carlos Hicks, Christina C. Levine, Arielle Mascia, Michael B. Norman, Karma Poe, Melissa Satterfield, Terre St Martin, Kevin Levin, Phillip S. TI Conceptualizing and operationalizing human wellbeing for ecosystem assessment and management SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article DE Human wellbeing; Indicators; Ecosystem-based management; Integrated ecosystem assessment; Social-ecological system; Sustainability ID ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; FISHING COMMUNITIES; SOCIAL-SCIENCE; HEALTH; CONSERVATION; INDICATORS; SERVICES; IMPACTS; COASTAL; US AB There is growing interest in assessing the effects of changing environmental conditions and management actions on human wellbeing. A challenge is to translate social science expertise regarding these relationships into terms usable by environmental scientists, policymakers, and managers. Here, we present a comprehensive, structured, and transparent conceptual framework of human wellbeing designed to guide the development of indicators and a complementary social science research agenda for ecosystem-based management. Our framework grew out of an effort to develop social indicators for an integrated ecosystem assessment (IEA) of the California Current large marine ecosystem. Drawing from scholarship in international development, anthropology, geography, and political science, we define human wellbeing as a state of being with others and the environment, which arises when human needs are met, when individuals and communities can at meaningfully to pursue their goals, and when individuals and communities enjoy a satisfactory quality of life. We propose four major social science-based constituents of wellbeing: connections, capabilities, conditions, and cross-cutting domains. The latter includes the domains of equity and. justice, security, resilience, and sustainability, which may be assessed through cross-cutting analyses of other constituents. We outline a process for identifying policy-relevant attributes of wellbeing that can guide ecosystem assessments. To operationalize the framework, we provide a detailed table of attributes and a large database of available indicators, which may be used to develop measures suited to a variety of management needs and social goals. Finally, we discuss four guidelines for operationalizing human wellbeing measures in ecosystem assessments, including considerations for context, feasibility, indicators and research, and social difference. Developed for the U.S. west coast, the framework may be adapted for other regions, management needs, and scales with appropriate modifications. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Breslow, Sara Jo; Norman, Karma; Poe, Melissa; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Sojka, Brit; Barnea, Raz; Dolsak, Nives] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, 3707 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Basurto, Xavier] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Carothers, Courtney] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Charnley, Susan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Charnley, Susan] Northumbria Univ, Dept Social Sci & Languages, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Donatuto, Jamie] Swinomish Indian Tribal Commun, 11404 Moorage Way, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. [Garcia-Quijano, Carlos] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Hicks, Christina C.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Hicks, Christina C.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Levine, Arielle] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Mascia, Michael B.] Conservat Int, Moore Ctr Sci, 2011 Crystal Dr,Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Poe, Melissa] Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, 3716 Brooklyn Ave NE, Washington, WA 98105 USA. [Satterfield, Terre] Univ British Columbia, Inst Resources Environm & Sustainabil, 429-2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [St Martin, Kevin] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Breslow, Sara Jo] Univ Washington, Ctr Creat Conservat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Levine, Arielle] NOAA, Coral Reef Conservat Program, SSMC4,1305 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Breslow, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.; Breslow, SJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Ctr Creat Conservat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sarajo@uw.edu OI Hicks, Christina/0000-0002-7399-4603 FU National Oceanographic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA); Washington Sea Grant FX This work was supported by the National Oceanographic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA), and Washington Sea Grant. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 EI 1873-6416 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD DEC PY 2016 VL 66 BP 250 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.06.023 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED7YT UT WOS:000389089300027 ER PT J AU Royer, AM Kremer, C George, K Perez, SG Schemske, DW Conner, JK AF Royer, Anne M. Kremer, Colin George, Kola Perez, Samuel G. Schemske, D. W. Conner, Jeffrey K. TI Incomplete loss of a conserved trait: function, latitudinal cline, and genetic constraints SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE constraint; epistasis; nonfunctional trait; Arabidopsis thaliana ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; EVOLUTIONARY CONSTRAINT; SELF-COMPATIBILITY; FLORAL MORPHOLOGY; L. BRASSICACEAE; FLOWERING TIME; STAMEN NUMBER; SELECTION; POPULATION; ADAPTATION AB Retention of nonfunctional traits over evolutionary time is puzzling, because the cost of trait production should drive loss. Indeed, several studies have found nonfunctional traits are rapidly eliminated by selection. However, theory suggests that complex genetic interactions and a lack of genetic variance can constrain evolution, including trait loss. In the mustard family Brassicaceae the conserved floral condition includes four long and two short stamens, but we show that short stamens in the highly self-pollinating mustard Arabidopsis thaliana do not significantly increase selfed seed set, suggesting that the trait has lost most or all of its function after the transition to selfing. We find that short stamen loss is common in native populations. Loss is incomplete and decreases with increasing latitude, a cline unexplained by correlations with flowering time or ovule count (which also vary with latitude). Using recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between plants at the latitudinal extremes of the native range, we found three QTLs affecting short stamen number, with epistasis among them constraining stamen loss. Constraints on stamen loss from both epistasis and low genetic variance may be augmented by high selfing rates, suggesting that these kinds of constraints may be common in inbred species. C1 [Royer, Anne M.; George, Kola; Perez, Samuel G.; Schemske, D. W.; Conner, Jeffrey K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, 3700 E Gull Lake Dr, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Royer, Anne M.; George, Kola; Perez, Samuel G.; Schemske, D. W.; Conner, Jeffrey K.] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, 3700 E Gull Lake Dr, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Kremer, Colin] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, POB 208106, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Kremer, Colin] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [George, Kola] Coll Charleston, Sch Sci & Math, 66 George St, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. RP Royer, AM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, 3700 E Gull Lake Dr, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA.; Royer, AM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, 3700 E Gull Lake Dr, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. EM aroyer@willamette.edu FU Kellogg Biological Station's G.H. Lauff fund; NSF [DEB 1022202, DEB 0919452] FX We thank J. Beck for providing seeds, C. Oakley for assistance with R/qtl, E. Dittmar for coordinating the RIL growout, M. Hammond and C. Mills for lab assistance, R. LaRosa for assistance in the lab and editing, and many undergraduates for phenotyping flowers. K. Karoly planted the seed of this project by mentioning that A. thaliana should have lost the short stamens. This manuscript was improved by comments from I. Dworkin, J. Lau, C. I. Smith, Peter Tiffin, Ruth Shaw, Andrea Sweigart, and three anonymous reviewers. Supported by grants from the Kellogg Biological Station's G.H. Lauff fund to A. M. Royer, NSF DEB 1022202 to D. Schemske and NSF DEB 0919452 to J.K. Conner. This is KBS contribution no. 1974. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD DEC PY 2016 VL 70 IS 12 BP 2853 EP 2864 DI 10.1111/evo.13096 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA ED1SD UT WOS:000388624300015 ER PT J AU Liu, S Li, R Wild, RJ Warneke, C de Gouw, JA Brown, SS Miller, SL Luongo, JC Jimenez, JL Ziemann, PJ AF Liu, S. Li, R. Wild, R. J. Warneke, C. de Gouw, J. A. Brown, S. S. Miller, S. L. Luongo, J. C. Jimenez, J. L. Ziemann, P. J. TI Contribution of human-related sources to indoor volatile organic compounds in a university classroom SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE Indoor air quality; Volatile organic compounds; Human occupants; Skin lipid ozonolysis; Positive matrix factorization; Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer ID REACTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; OZONE-INITIATED CHEMISTRY; SIMULATED AIRCRAFT CABIN; PTR-MS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; RECEPTOR MODELS; HUMAN BREATH AB Although significant progress has been made in understanding the sources and chemistry of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the past decades, much is unknown about the role of humans in indoor air chemistry. In the spring of 2014, we conducted continuous measurements of VOCs using a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) in a university classroom. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) of the measured VOCs revealed a human influence' component, which likely represented VOCs produced from human breath and ozonolysis of human skin lipids. The concentration of the human influence component increased with the number of occupants and decreased with ventilation rate in a similar way to CO2, with an average contribution of 40% to the measured daytime VOC concentration. In addition, the human skin lipid ozonolysis products were observed to correlate with CO2 and anticorrelate with O-3, suggesting that reactions on human surfaces may be important sources of indoor VOCs and sinks for indoor O-3. Our study suggests that humans can substantially affect VOC composition and oxidative capacity in indoor environments. C1 [Liu, S.; Li, R.; Wild, R. J.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Jimenez, J. L.; Ziemann, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 1111 Engn Dr,427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Liu, S.; Brown, S. S.; Jimenez, J. L.; Ziemann, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, R.; Wild, R. J.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, S. L.; Luongo, J. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jimenez, JL; Ziemann, PJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 1111 Engn Dr,427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jose.jimenez@colorado.edu; paul.ziemann@colorado.edu RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Liu, Shang/F-9085-2011; Wild, Robert/I-1963-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Liu, Shang/0000-0002-3403-8651; Wild, Robert/0000-0002-4800-5172; FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation [G-2013-6-02] FX This study was funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (Grant No. G-2013-6-02). The authors thank Denise Thomas and the Facilities Management Department at CU Boulder for support on our access and use to the sampling site. We are grateful to Peiyu Wang and Zhe Peng for providing breath samples. The authors acknowledge Skywatch Observatory operated by the ATOC Department at CU Boulder for providing the outdoor temperature and relative humidity data, and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment for providing outdoor O3 data. We thank Miles Ryan and Patrick Barnhouse at CU Boulder for sharing as-built specifications of the classroom. NR 93 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 21 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0905-6947 EI 1600-0668 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD DEC PY 2016 VL 26 IS 6 BP 925 EP 938 DI 10.1111/ina.12272 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC0RK UT WOS:000387808200009 PM 26610063 ER PT J AU Cao, B Mahmud, KW Hafezi, M AF Cao, Bin Mahmud, Khan W. Hafezi, Mohammad TI Two coupled nonlinear cavities in a driven-dissipative environment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; SYSTEMS; BISTABILITY; POLARITONS; SUPERFLUID; INSULATOR; OPTICS; LIGHT; MODEL AB We investigate two coupled nonlinear cavities that are coherently driven in a dissipative environment. We perform semiclassical, numerical, and analytical quantum studies of this dimer model when both cavities are symmetrically driven. In the semiclassical analysis, we find steady-state solutions with different photon occupations in two cavities. Such states can be considered analogs of the closed system double-well symmetry-breaking states. We analyze the occurrence and properties of these localized states in the system parameter space and examine how the symmetry-breaking states, in the form of a bistable pair, are associated with the single-cavity bistable behavior. In a full quantum calculation of the master equation dynamics that includes quantum fluctuations, the symmetry-breaking states and bistability disappear due to the quantum fluctuations. In the quantum trajectory picture, we observe enhanced quantum jumps and switching, which indicate the presence of the underlying semiclassical symmetry-breaking states. Finally, we present a set of analytical solutions for the steady-state correlation functions by using the complex P representation and discuss its regime of validity. C1 [Cao, Bin; Mahmud, Khan W.; Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mahmud, KW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kmahmud@umd.edu FU AFOSR-MURI; ONR-YIP; ARO-MURI; NSF-PFC at the JQI; Sloan Foundation; NSF [PHY1125915] FX We thank Howard Carmichael, Ryan Wilson, and Christian Ciuti for helpful discussions. We acknowledge the support from AFOSR-MURI, ONR-YIP, ARO-MURI, NSF-PFC at the JQI, and the Sloan Foundation. M.H. thanks the Kavli Institute of Theoretical Physics (KITP) at Santa Barbara for hospitality. The KITP is supported by NSF PHY1125915. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 AR 063805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.063805 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA ED7DZ UT WOS:000389023600008 ER PT J AU Titov, V Song, YT Tang, L Bernard, EN Bar-Sever, Y Wei, Y AF Titov, V. Song, Y. Tony Tang, L. Bernard, E. N. Bar-Sever, Y. Wei, Y. TI Consistent Estimates of Tsunami Energy Show Promise for Improved Early Warning SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami energy; GPS network; DART system; early warning ID WAVE-FORMS; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE; RUNUP AB Early tsunami warning critically hinges on rapid determination of the tsunami hazard potential in real-time, before waves inundate critical coastlines. Tsunami energy can quickly characterize the destructive potential of generated waves. Traditional seismic analysis is inadequate to accurately predict a tsunami's energy. Recently, two independent approaches have been proposed to determine tsunami source energy: one inverted from the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) data during the tsunami propagation, and the other derived from the land-based coastal global positioning system (GPS) during tsunami generation. Here, we focus on assessing these two approaches with data from the March 11, 2011 Japanese tsunami. While the GPS approach takes into consideration the dynamic earthquake process, the DART inversion approach provides the actual tsunami energy estimation of the propagating tsunami waves; both approaches lead to consistent energy scales for previously studied tsunamis. Encouraged by these promising results, we examined a real-time approach to determine tsunami source energy by combining these two methods: first, determine the tsunami source from the globally expanding GPS network immediately after an earthquake for near-field early warnings; and then to refine the tsunami energy estimate from nearby DART measurements for improving forecast accuracy and early cancelations. The combination of these two real-time networks may offer an appealing opportunity for: early determination of the tsunami threat for the purpose of saving more lives, and early cancelation of tsunami warnings to avoid unnecessary false alarms. C1 [Titov, V.; Tang, L.; Bernard, E. N.; Wei, Y.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Ctr Tsunami Res, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Song, Y. Tony; Bar-Sever, Y.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Tang, L.; Wei, Y.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Song, YT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM tony.song@jpl.nasa.gov FU NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, PMEL [4405]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, NA15OAR4320063, 2497] FX This research is partially funded by the NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, PMEL contribution 4405, and by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148 (2010-2015) and NA15OAR4320063 (2015-2020), Contribution No. 2497. Part of the research carried out by Y. T. Song and Y. Bar-Sever here was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract "GPS-Aided and DART-Ensured Real-time (GADER) Tsunami Early Detection System'' with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 173 IS 12 BP 3863 EP 3880 DI 10.1007/s00024-016-1312-1 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED3IY UT WOS:000388744000011 ER PT J AU Schnepf, NR Manoj, C An, C Sugioka, H Toh, H AF Schnepf, N. R. Manoj, C. An, C. Sugioka, H. Toh, H. TI Time-Frequency Characteristics of Tsunami Magnetic Signals from Four Pacific Ocean Events SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunamis; marine electromagnetics; electromagnetic induction; tsunami warning systems; cross-wavelet analysis ID 26 DECEMBER 2004; DAILY GEOMAGNETIC-VARIATIONS; TIDE-GAUGE DATA; SUMATRA-TSUNAMI; TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE; WAVELET ANALYSIS; FIELDS; ARRAY AB The recent deployment of highly sensitive seafloor magnetometers coinciding with the deep solar minimum has provided excellent opportunities for observing tsunami electromagnetic signals. These fluctuating signals (periods ranging from 10-20 min) are generally found to be within 1 nT and coincide with the arrival of the tsunami waves. Previous studies focused on tsunami electromagnetic characteristics, as well as modeling the signal for individual events. This study instead aims to provide the time-frequency characteristics for a range of tsunami signals and a method to separate the data's noise using additional data from a remote observatory. We focus on four Pacific Ocean events of varying tsunami signal amplitude: (1) the 2011 Tohoku, Japan event (M9.0), (2) the 2010 Chile event (M8.8), (3) the 2009 Samoa event (M8.0) and, (4) the 2007 Kuril Islands event (M8.1). We find possible tsunami signals in high-pass filtered data and successfully isolate the signals from noise using a cross-wavelet analysis. The cross-wavelet analysis reveals that the longer period signals precede the stronger, shorter period signals. Our results are very encouraging for using tsunami magnetic signals in warning systems. C1 [Schnepf, N. R.; Manoj, C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schnepf, N. R.; Manoj, C.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. [An, C.] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sugioka, H.] Kobe Univ, Dept Planetol, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. [Toh, H.] Kyoto Univ, Data Anal Ctr Geomagnetism & Space Magnetism, Kyoto, Japan. RP Schnepf, NR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Schnepf, NR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. EM neesha.schnepf@colorado.edu FU CIRES innovative research project; National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administrations Hollings Scholarship Program; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program FX We thank Hisashi Utada (Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo) and Noriko Tada (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology) for providing the data (T18) used in this study. The results presented in this paper rely on the data collected at Chichijima (CBI), Kakioka (KAK), Memambetsu (MMB) and Honolulu (HON). We thank the Japan Meteorological Agency for supporting the operation of CBI, KAK and MMB and the U.S. Geological Survey for supporting the operation of HON. We also thank INTERMAGNET for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice (http://www.intermagnet.org). The authors would like to thank CIRES innovative research project 2013 for funding. N.R.S. is grateful to the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administrations Hollings Scholarship Program and the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program for supporting her through this research. N.R.S. would also like to thank Matt Pritchard, Rowena Lohman, Robert Tyler and Takuto Minami for useful discussions. Those interested in data from NWP should contact H. Toh (toh@kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp). For data from the SOC stations, please contact H. Sugioka ( hikari@jam-stec.go.jp), and for data from T18, please contact H. Utada (utada@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp). NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 173 IS 12 BP 3935 EP 3953 DI 10.1007/s00024-016-1345-5 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED3IY UT WOS:000388744000014 ER PT J AU Staymates, ME MacCrehan, WA Staymates, JL Kunz, RR Mendum, T Ong, TH Geurtsen, G Gillen, GJ Craven, BA AF Staymates, Matthew E. MacCrehan, William A. Staymates, Jessica L. Kunz, Roderick R. Mendum, Thomas Ong, Ta-Hsuan Geurtsen, Geoffrey Gillen, Greg J. Craven, Brent A. TI Biomimetic Sniffing Improves the Detection Performance of a 3D Printed Nose of a Dog and a Commercial Trace Vapor Detector SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ODOR PLUMES; AIR-FLOW; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CANINE OLFACTION; SENSOR ARRAYS; EXPLOSIVES; TRACKING; RATS; DISCRIMINATION; ENVIRONMENT AB Unlike current chemical trace detection technology, dogs actively sniff to acquire an odor sample. Flow visualization experiments with an anatomically-similar 3D printed dog's nose revealed the external aerodynamics during canine sniffing, where ventral-laterally expired air jets entrain odorantladen air toward the nose, thereby extending the "aerodynamic reach" for inspiration of otherwise inaccessible odors. Chemical sampling and detection experiments quantified two modes of operation with the artificial nose-active sniffing and continuous inspiration-and demonstrated an increase in odorant detection by a factor of up to 18 for active sniffing. A 16-fold improvement in detection was demonstrated with a commercially-available explosives detector by applying this bio-inspired design principle and making the device "sniff" like a dog. These lessons learned from the dog may benefit the next-generation of vapor samplers for explosives, narcotics, pathogens, or even cancer, and could inform future bio-inspired designs for optimized sampling of odor plumes. C1 [Staymates, Matthew E.; MacCrehan, William A.; Staymates, Jessica L.; Gillen, Greg J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kunz, Roderick R.; Mendum, Thomas; Ong, Ta-Hsuan; Geurtsen, Geoffrey] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Chem Microsyst & Nanoscale Technol, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Craven, Brent A.] US FDA, Div Appl Mech, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. RP Staymates, ME (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.staymates@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate through Interagency Agreement [HSHQDC-12-X-00024X]; Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, HSARPA, Explosives Division, through Interagency Agreement [HSHQPM-13-X-00107]; Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, HSARPA, Explosives Division under Air Force [FA8721-05-C-0002, FA8702-15-D-0001] FX The National Institute of Standards and Technology portion of this work was partially funded by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate through Interagency Agreement HSHQDC-12-X-00024X. The Lincoln Laboratory portion of this work was funded by the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, HSARPA, Explosives Division, through Interagency Agreement HSHQPM-13-X-00107, and executed under Air Force Contract No. FA8721-05-C-0002 and/or FA8702-15-D-0001. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Homeland Security. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 36876 DI 10.1038/srep36876 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ED6TQ UT WOS:000388989700001 PM 27906156 ER PT J AU Coopersmith, EJ Cosh, MH Bell, JE Boyles, R AF Coopersmith, Evan J. Cosh, Michael H. Bell, Jesse E. Boyles, Ryan TI Using machine learning to produce near surface soil moisture estimates from deeper in situ records at US Climate Reference Network (USCRN) locations: Analysis and applications to AMSR-E satellite validation SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Soil moisture; Remote sensing; Modeling; USCRN; AMSR-E; ECONet ID MODELS; STABILITY; WATER AB Surface soil moisture is a critical parameter for understanding the energy flux at the land atmosphere boundary. Weather modeling, climate prediction, and remote sensing validation are some of the applications for surface soil moisture information. The most common in situ measurement for these purposes are sensors that are installed at depths of approximately 5 cm. There are however, sensor technologies and network designs that do not provide an estimate at this depth. If soil moisture estimates at deeper depths could be extrapolated to the near surface, in situ networks providing estimates at other depths would see their values enhanced. Soil moisture sensors from the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) were used to generate models of 5 cm soil moisture, with 10 cm soil moisture measurements and antecedent precipitation as inputs, via machine learning techniques. Validation was conducted with the available, in situ, 5 cm resources. It was shown that a 5 cm estimate, which was extrapolated from a 10 cm sensor and antecedent local precipitation, produced a root-mean-squared-error (RMSE) of 0.0215 m(3)/m(3). Next, these machine-learning-generated 5 cm estimates were also compared to AMSR-E estimates at these locations. These results were then compared with the performance of the actual in situ readings against the AMSR-E data. The machine learning estimates at 5 cm produced an RMSE of approximately 0.03 m(3)/m(3) when an optimized gain and offset were applied. This is necessary considering the performance of AMSR-E in locations characterized by high vegetation water contents, which are present across North Carolina. Lastly, the application of this extrapolation technique is applied to the ECONet in North Carolina, which provides a 10 cm depth measurement as its shallowest soil moisture estimate. A raw RMSE of 0.028 m(3)/m(3) was achieved, and with a linear gain and offset applied at each ECONet site, an RMSE of 0.013 m(3)/m(3) was possible. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Coopersmith, Evan J.; Cosh, Michael H.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bell, Jesse E.] Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, Asheville, NC USA. [Bell, Jesse E.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Boyles, Ryan] North Carolina State Univ, Southeast Climate Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Coopersmith, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ecooper2@gmail.com OI Coopersmith, Evan/0000-0002-6223-4828 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 22 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 98 BP 122 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.10.007 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA ED2IQ UT WOS:000388667600008 ER PT J AU Hagerty, S Daniels, Y Singletary, M Pustovyy, O Globa, L MacCrehan, WA Muramoto, S Stan, G Lau, JW Morrison, EE Sorokulova, I Vodyanoy, V AF Hagerty, Samantha Daniels, Yasmine Singletary, Melissa Pustovyy, Oleg Globa, Ludmila MacCrehan, William A. Muramoto, Shin Stan, Gheorghe Lau, June W. Morrison, Edward E. Sorokulova, Iryna Vodyanoy, Vitaly TI After oxidation, zinc nanoparticles lose their ability to enhance responses to odorants SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Article DE Olfaction; Olfactory receptors; Electroolfactogram; Perception; XPS; TEM; AFM ID OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS; NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS; MOLECULAR-BASIS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; VIBRATIONAL THEORY; QUANTUM DOTS; RECOGNITION; ACTIVATION; CELLS; BRAIN AB Electrical responses of olfactory sensory neurons to odorants were examined in the presence of zinc nanoparticles of various sizes and degrees of oxidation. The zinc nanoparticles were prepared by the underwater electrical discharge method and analyzed by atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Small (1.2 +/- 0.3 nm) zinc nanoparticles significantly enhanced electrical responses of olfactory neurons to odorants. After oxidation, however, these small zinc nanoparticles were no longer capable of enhancing olfactory responses. Larger zinc oxide nanoparticles (15 nm and 70 nm) also did not modulate responses to odorants. Neither zinc nor zinc oxide nanoparticles produced olfactory responses when added without odorants. The enhancement of odorant responses by small zinc nanoparticles was explained by the creation of olfactory receptor dimers initiated by small zinc nanoparticles. The results of this work will clarify the mechanisms for the initial events in olfaction, as well as to provide new ways to alleviate anosmia related to the loss of olfactory receptors. C1 [Hagerty, Samantha; Singletary, Melissa; Pustovyy, Oleg; Globa, Ludmila; Morrison, Edward E.; Sorokulova, Iryna] Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Daniels, Yasmine; MacCrehan, William A.; Muramoto, Shin; Stan, Gheorghe; Lau, June W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vodyanoy, Vitaly] Auburn Univ, 109 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Vodyanoy, V (reprint author), Auburn Univ, 109 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM vodyavi@auburn.edu FU NIST [70 NANB14H324] FX The work was funded by NIST Grant: 70 NANB14H324 NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0966-0844 EI 1572-8773 J9 BIOMETALS JI Biometals PD DEC PY 2016 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1005 EP 1018 DI 10.1007/s10534-016-9972-y PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA EC6NL UT WOS:000388253100005 PM 27649965 ER PT J AU Siegfried, KI Williams, EH Shertzer, KW Coggins, LG AF Siegfried, Kate I. Williams, Erik H. Shertzer, Kyle W. Coggins, Lewis G. TI Improving stock assessments through data prioritization SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB The need for "better data" is a common response of stakeholders and managers when confronted with the uncertainty of advice resulting from quantitative stock assessments. Most contemporary stock assessments are based on an integrated analysis of multiple data types, each with their associated cost to collect. Data collection resources are inevitably limited; therefore, it is important to quantify the relative value of increased sampling for alternative data types in terms of improving stock assessments. We approached this universal problem using a simulation study of a hypothetical, amalgam species developed from eight separate stock assessments conducted for species found in southeastern US Atlantic waters. We simulated a population and a stock assessment from the amalgam species and then individually improved alternative data types (indices, age compositions, landings, and discards) by increasing either precision or sample size. We also simulated the effects of increased sampling for alternative groupings of data that might be collected in concert (e.g., commercial, recreational, or survey). Our results show that for the snapper-grouper complex we modeled, age composition data have the largest effect on the accuracy of assessments, with commercial age compositions being the most influential. This is due in part to the relative paucity of age composition data for many southeast US marine stocks, so that modest increases in collection efforts have relatively high benefits for age-based assessment models currently in use for the region. Though this study used data from a particular region of the US, our investigative framework is broadly applicable for quantitatively evaluating the benefits of improved data collection in terms of the precision of stock assessments in any region. C1 [Siegfried, Kate I.; Williams, Erik H.; Shertzer, Kyle W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Coggins, Lewis G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 346, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. RP Siegfried, KI (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Kate.Siegfried@noaa.gov FU NOAA Assessment Methods Working Group FX We thank the NOAA Assessment Methods Working Group for the grant that funded this project. We appreciate the helpful comments and criticisms about the manuscript from Kevin Craig and Amy Schueller, and we thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1703 EP 1711 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0398 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC4QO UT WOS:000388118700001 ER PT J AU Smith, SE Sitar, SP Goetz, FW Huertas, M Armstrong, BM Murphy, CA AF Smith, Sara E. Sitar, Shawn P. Goetz, Frederick W. Huertas, Mar Armstrong, Brandon M. Murphy, Cheryl A. TI Differential physiological response to sea lamprey parasitism between lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) morphotypes from Lake Superior SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; DORSAL AORTA CATHETERIZATION; BUCCAL GLAND SECRETION; BINDING PROTEIN SBP; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; GREAT-LAKES; CHRONIC STRESS; LAMPETRA-JAPONICA AB Assessment of stress from varied sources is usually evaluated using individuals derived from a single population and is assumed to represent all populations of that species. However, recent research has identified intraspecies variations in the stress response, which may be mediated by life history. We examined how life history can influence the physiological responses to an acute stress event by evaluating sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) parasitism response in two lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) morphotypes: the lean and the siscowet. The morphotypes differ in that the lean grows faster, is more fecund, and has a shorter life span. In contrast, the siscowet grows slower, is older at maturity, and lives longer. Our study compared long-term parasitism responses between wild leans and siscowets in Lake Superior and immediate responses in laboratory parasitism trials using lake trout reared under common environmental conditions. Leans, but not siscowets, showed changes in steroid-binding protein function and weak evidence of gigantism in response to parasitism. Both morphotypes showed indications of reproductive endocrine alterations in response to parasitism. Our results demonstrate intraspecies variation in physiological stressor response, which is mediated by life history differences that could potentially have differential population implications. C1 [Smith, Sara E.; Huertas, Mar; Armstrong, Brandon M.; Murphy, Cheryl A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd,13 Nat Resources, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Sitar, Shawn P.] Dept Nat Resources, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, 484 Cherry Creek Rd, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Goetz, Frederick W.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, 600 East Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Goetz, Frederick W.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Murphy, Cheryl A.] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Smith, Sara E.] Terraqua Inc, 2989 Entiat River Rd, Entiat, WA 98822 USA. RP Murphy, CA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM camurphy@msu.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; AgBioResearch at Michigan State University FX This work was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission through a grant to C.A. Murphy, F.W. Goetz, S.P. Sitar, and R.A. Bergstedt. C.A. Murphy was also partially supported by AgBioResearch at Michigan State University. Many people assisted with this study, including the Hammond Bay Biological Station (Nick Johnson, Roger Bergstedt, and Erik Larson), the MSU containment facility (Randy Shoemaker), the Sea Lamprey Control Centre (Gale Bravener), the crew of the R/V Lake Char, Marquette Fisheries Research Station, MIDNR, and the Jordon River National Fish Hatchery (Roger Gordon). We are also grateful for help from the laboratories of Dr. Juli Wade and Dr. Weiming Li at MSU and numerous undergraduate volunteers from the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife who counted and measured eggs. We also are grateful for technical help from Erin Smigielski, Jakub Bednarek, Andrew Bartholomew, and Karishma Chopra at MSU and from Crystal Simchik (NOAA) for her work on the FSH transcript assays. We gratefully acknowledge the many people (Dan Rosauer, Jim Barron, Justin Wernecke, Doug Immerman, Adam Gilmore, Erin Weber, and Ben Wiedemen) who were involved in producing and maintaining the laboratory lake trout morphotypes used in this study. We thank Michael Jones and Mohamed Faisal for providing comments on an earlier version of this manuscript and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 123 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 35 U2 35 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1815 EP 1829 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0448 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC4QO UT WOS:000388118700012 ER PT J AU Nadon, MO Ault, JS AF Nadon, Marc O. Ault, Jerald S. TI A stepwise stochastic simulation approach to estimate life history parameters for data-poor fisheries SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EXPLOITED REEF FISH; FLORIDA CORAL-REEF; MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; LENGTH; MORTALITY; GROWTH; SUSTAINABILITY; REPRODUCTION; METAANALYSIS; INFORMATION AB Coastal fisheries are typically characterized by species-rich catch compositions and limited management resources, which typically leads to notably data-poor situations for stock assessment. Some parsimonious stock assessment approaches rely on cost-efficient size composition data, but these also require estimates of life history parameters associated with natural mortality, growth, and maturity. These parameters are unavailable for most exploited stocks. Here, we present a novel approach that uses a local estimate of maximum length and statistical relationships between key life history parameters to build multivariate probability distributions that can be used to parameterize stock assessment models in the absence of species-specific life history data. We tested this approach on three fish species for which empirical length-at-age and maturity data were available (from Hawaii and Guam) and calculated probability distributions of spawning potential ratios (SPR) at different exploitation rates. The life history parameter and SPR probability distributions generated from our data-limited analytical approach compared well with those obtained from bootstrap analyses of the empirical life history data. This work provides a useful new tool that can greatly assist fishery stock assessment scientists and managers in data-poor situations, typical of most of the world's fisheries. C1 [Nadon, Marc O.] Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Nadon, Marc O.; Ault, Jerald S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Nadon, Marc O.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Nadon, MO (reprint author), Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.; Nadon, MO (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Nadon, MO (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM marc.nadon@noaa.gov FU NOAA Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Fisheries Research and Monitoring Division (Integrated Reef Ecosystem Evaluation Framework iREEFS) [WE-133F-12-SE-2099]; University of Miami (NOAA Fisheries Coral Reef Conservation Program (through the NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center) [NA17RJ1226]; NOAA PIFSC Coral Reef Ecosystem Program as part of the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program FX This study was a collaborative effort between the NOAA Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Fisheries Research and Monitoring Division (Integrated Reef Ecosystem Evaluation Framework iREEFS, Contract No. WE-133F-12-SE-2099) and the University of Miami (NOAA Fisheries Coral Reef Conservation Program Grant No. NA17RJ1226 through the NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center). Funding for reef fish surveys was provided by the NOAA PIFSC Coral Reef Ecosystem Program as part of the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program. This manuscript was greatly improved by the comments of S.G. Smith, E.A. Babcock, N.M. Ehrhardt, J.A. Bohnsack, G.T. DiNardo, J. O'Malley, F. Carvalho, A. Punt, and several anonymous reviewers. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1874 EP 1884 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0303 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC4QO UT WOS:000388118700017 ER PT J AU Jech, JM McQuinn, IH AF Jech, J. Michael McQuinn, Ian H. TI Towards a balanced presentation and objective interpretation of acoustic and trawl survey data, with specific reference to the eastern Scotian Shelf SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; LAKE-SUPERIOR; ATLANTIC COD; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; BOTTOM TRAWL; ST-LAWRENCE; PHYTOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; BERING-SEA AB A debate has developed over the ecosystem consequences following the collapse of Atlantic cod throughout the coastal waters of eastern Canada. The explosive increase in pelagic fish abundance in scientific bottom-trawl catches on the eastern Scotian Shelf has been interpreted as being due to either (i) a "pelagic outburst" of forage fish abundance resulting from predator release or conversely (ii) a change in pelagic fish vertical distribution leading to a "suprabenthic habitat occupation" thereby increasing their availability to bottom trawls. These two interpretations have diametrically opposing ecological consequences and suggest different management strategies for these important forage fish species. We argue that an objective evaluation of the available evidence supports the hypothesis that the abundance of forage fish has not increased in response to the demise of cod and other top predators, and the reliance on a single sampling gear with low catchability has biased and will continue to bias the interpretation of demographic trends of pelagic fish populations. We advocate that multiple sampling technologies providing alternative perspectives are needed for the monitoring and management of the various trophic levels if we are to achieve a balanced and objective understanding of marine ecosystems. C1 [Jech, J. Michael] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McQuinn, Ian H.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, 850 Route Mer, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. RP Jech, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM michael.jech@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1914 EP 1921 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0113 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC4QO UT WOS:000388118700020 ER PT J AU Nichols, KM Kozfkay, CC Narum, SR AF Nichols, Krista M. Kozfkay, Christine C. Narum, Shawn R. TI Genomic signatures among Oncorhynchus nerka ecotypes to inform conservation and management of endangered Sockeye Salmon SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE migration; natural selection; random forest; residency ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MIGRATION-RELATED TRAITS; STEELHEAD TROUT; RANDOM FOREST; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; RE-IMPLEMENTATION; WIDE ASSOCIATION; KOKANEE SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; RIVER AB Conservation of life history variation is an important consideration for many species with trade-offs in migratory characteristics. Many salmonid species exhibit both resident and migratory strategies that capitalize on benefits in freshwater and marine environments. In this study, we investigated genomic signatures for migratory life history in collections of resident and anadromous Oncorhynchus nerka (Kokanee and Sockeye Salmon, respectively) from two lake systems, using similar to 2,600 SNPs from restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). Differing demographic histories were evident in the two systems where one pair was significantly differentiated (Redfish Lake, F-ST=0.091 [95% confidence interval: 0.087 to 0.095]) but the other pair was not (Alturas Lake, F-ST=-0.007 [-0.008 to -0.006]). Outlier and association analyses identified several candidate markers in each population pair, but there was limited evidence for parallel signatures of genomic variation associated with migration. Despite lack of evidence for consistent markers associated with migratory life history in this species, candidate markers were mapped to functional genes and provide evidence for adaptive genetic variation within each lake system. Life history variation has been maintained in these nearly extirpated populations of O. nerka, and conservation efforts to preserve this diversity are important for long-term resiliency of this species. C1 [Nichols, Krista M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA USA. [Kozfkay, Christine C.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle, ID USA. [Narum, Shawn R.] Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman, ID USA. RP Nichols, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA USA. EM krista.nichols@noaa.gov NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 23 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1285 EP 1300 DI 10.1111/eva.12412 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA EC0BX UT WOS:000387763700007 PM 27877206 ER PT J AU Jiang, N Qian, WH Du, J Grumm, RH Fu, JL AF Jiang, Ning Qian, Weihong Du, Jun Grumm, Richard H. Fu, Jiaolan TI A comprehensive approach from the raw and normalized anomalies to the analysis and prediction of the Beijing extreme rainfall on July 21, 2012 SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Anomaly-based fields; Forecast skill; Extreme weather events; Beijing 7.21 rainfall ID LOW-TEMPERATURE EVENTS; BETA-ADVECTION MODEL; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; WEATHER EVENTS; EASTERN CHINA; HEAT; OSCILLATIONS; PRECURSORS; SIGNALS; FIELD AB Two anomaly-based fields, raw anomaly (RA) and normalized anomaly (NA), have been proven to be useful to indicate different aspects of weather extremes compared to conventional total fields. Based on the previous studies and a case analysis of the Beijing extreme rainfall on July 21, 2012, several unique features of the anomaly-based fields such as maximum height anomaly, positive humidity anomalous axes and zero temperature anomaly isoline are derived to indicate the extreme rain event effectively. Furthermore, complementary roles of the anomaly-based fields are summarized: RA fields can enlarge signals of an anomalous weather system with a clear structure, while NA fields can be used to quantitatively measure the degree of rarity or abnormality of a high-impact weather event. After a comparison between RA and NA variables, a comprehensive approach which combines these two types of anomalies is proposed to improve the extreme weather prediction using the ECMWF model output data. The results show that, for this Beijing extreme rainfall case, the proposed approach made a successful forecast with 156-h lead-time, which is 72 h earlier than the model precipitation forecast. Thus, anomaly-based fields are useful for forecasters to identify severe weather event warnings in practice. C1 [Jiang, Ning; Qian, Weihong] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Du, Jun] NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Grumm, Richard H.] Natl Weather Serv, State Coll, PA USA. [Fu, Jiaolan] Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Qian, WH (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM jiangningnjxxgch@sina.com; qianwh@pku.edu.cn NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD DEC PY 2016 VL 84 IS 3 BP 1551 EP 1567 DI 10.1007/s11069-016-2500-0 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA EC5PJ UT WOS:000388187900004 ER PT J AU Ren, XR Luke, WT Kelley, P Cohen, MD Artz, R Olson, ML Schmeltz, D Puchalski, M Goldberg, DL Ring, A Mazzuca, GM Cummings, KA Wojdan, L Preaux, S Stehr, JW AF Ren, Xinrong Luke, Winston T. Kelley, Paul Cohen, Mark D. Artz, Richard Olson, Mark L. Schmeltz, David Puchalski, Melissa Goldberg, Daniel L. Ring, Allison Mazzuca, Gina M. Cummings, Kristin A. Wojdan, Lisa Preaux, Sandra Stehr, Jeff W. TI Atmospheric mercury measurements at a suburban site in the Mid-Atlantic United States: Inter-annual, seasonal and diurnal variations and source-receptor relationships SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Acid Rain Conference (Acid Rain) CY OCT, 2015 CL Rochester, NY DE Atmospheric mercury; Gaseous elemental mercury; Gaseous oxidized mercury; Particulate-bound mercury; Trend; HYSPLIT ID GASEOUS OXIDIZED MERCURY; COASTAL; SPECIATION; EMISSIONS; EXPOSURE; MARINE; RAMIX; GEM; HG AB Different atmospheric mercury forms have been measured at a suburban site in Beltsville, Maryland in the Mid-Atlantic United States since 2007 to investigate their inter-annual, seasonal and diurnal variabilities. Average concentrations and standard deviations of hourly measurements from 2007 to 2015 were 1.41 +/- 0.23 ng m(-3) for gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), 4.6 +/- 33.7 pg m(-3) for gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and 8.6 +/- 56.8 pg m(-3) for particulate-bound mercury (PBM). Observations show that on average, the rates of decrease were 0.020 +/- 0.007 ng m(-3) yr(-1) (or 13 +/- 0.5% yr(-1), statistically significant, p-value < 0.01) for GEM, 0.54 +/- 0.19 pg m(-3) yr(-1) (or 7.3 +/- 2.6% yr(-1), statistically significant, p-value < 0.01) for GOM, and 0.15 +/- 0.35 pg m(-3) yr(-1) (or 1.6 +/- 3.8% yr(-1), statistically insignificant, p-value > 0.01) for PBM over this nine-year period. In addition, the collocated annual mercury wet deposition decreased at a rate of 0.51 +/- 0.24 mu g m(-2) yr(-2) (or 4.2 +/- 1.9% yr(-1), statistically insignificant, p-value > 0.01). Diurnal variation of GEM shows a slight peak in the morning, likely due to the shallow boundary layer. Seasonal variation of GEM shows lower levels in fall. Both diurnal variations of GOM and PBM show peaks in the afternoon likely due to the photochemical production of reactive mercury from the oxidation of GEM and the influence of boundary layer processes. Seasonally, GOM measurements show high levels in spring and constant low levels in the other three seasons, while PBM measurements exhibit higher levels from late fall to early spring and lower levels frdm late spring to fall. These measurement data were analyzed using the HYSPLIT back trajectory model in order to examine possible source-receptor relationships at this suburban site. Trajectory frequency analysis shows that high GEM/GOM/PBM events were generally associated with high frequencies of the trajectories passing through areas with high mercury emissions, while low GEM/GOM/PBM levels were largely associated the trajectories passing through relatively clean areas. This study indicates that local and regional sources appear to have a significant impact on the site and these impacts appear to have changed over time, as the local/regional emissions have been reduced. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ren, Xinrong; Luke, Winston T.; Kelley, Paul; Cohen, Mark D.; Artz, Richard] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ren, Xinrong; Kelley, Paul] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ren, Xinrong; Goldberg, Daniel L.; Ring, Allison; Mazzuca, Gina M.; Cummings, Kristin A.; Wojdan, Lisa; Preaux, Sandra; Stehr, Jeff W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cohen, Mark D.] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL USA. [Schmeltz, David; Puchalski, Melissa] US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Goldberg, Daniel L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wojdan, Lisa] Iroquois High Sch, Elma, NY USA. [Preaux, Sandra] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Stehr, Jeff W.] Booz Allen Hamilton, Washington, DC USA. RP Ren, XR (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xinrong.ren@noaa.gov RI Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; OI Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 146 SI SI BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.08.028 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC3UG UT WOS:000388051700013 ER PT J AU O'Neil, L Andenoro, K Pagano, I Carroll, L Langer, L Dell, Z Perera, D Treece, BW Heinrich, F Losche, M Nagle, JF Tristram-Nagle, S AF O'Neil, Lauren Andenoro, Kathryn Pagano, Isabella Carroll, Laura Langer, Leah Dell, Zachary Perera, Davina Treece, Bradley W. Heinrich, Frank Losche, Mathias Nagle, John F. Tristram-Nagle, Stephanie TI HIV-1 matrix-31 membrane binding peptide interacts differently with membranes containing PS vs. PI(4,5)P-2 SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES LA English DT Article DE Bending modulus; Area/lipid; Bilayer thickness; X-ray diffuse scattering; S-xray order parameter; Neutron reflectivity ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; PENETRATION DEPTH; TYPE-1 GAG; MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS; PARALLAX ANALYSIS; MYRISTYL SWITCH; LIPID-MEMBRANES; PROTEIN AB Efficient assembly of HIV-1 at the plasma membrane (PM) of the T-cell specifically requires PI(4,5)P-2. It was previously shown that a highly basic region (HBR) of the matrix protein (MA) on the Gag precursor polyprotein Pr55(Gag) is required for membrane association. MA is N-terminally myristoylated, which enhances its affinity to membranes. In this work we used X-ray scattering and neutron reflectivity to determine how the physical properties and structure of lipid bilayers respond to the addition of binding domain peptides, either in the myristoylated form (MA(31)myr) or without the myristoyl group (MA(31)). Neutron reflectivity measurements showed the peptides predominantly located in the hydrocarbon interior. Diffuse X-ray scattering showed differences in membrane properties upon addition of peptides and the direction of the changes depended on lipid composition. The PI(4,5)P-2-containing bilayers softened, thinned and became less ordered as peptide concentration increased. In contrast, POPS-containing bilayers with equivalent net charge first stiffened, thickened and became more ordered with increasing peptide concentration. As softening the host cell's PM upon contact with the protein lowers the free energy for membrane restructuring, thereby potentially facilitating budding of viral particles, our results suggest that the role of PI(4,5)P-2 in viral assembly goes beyond specific stereochemical membrane binding. These studies reinforce the importance of lipids in virology. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Neil, Lauren; Andenoro, Kathryn; Pagano, Isabella; Carroll, Laura; Langer, Leah; Dell, Zachary; Treece, Bradley W.; Heinrich, Frank; Losche, Mathias; Nagle, John F.; Tristram-Nagle, Stephanie] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Biol Phys Grp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Perera, Davina] Rutgers State Univ, Douglass Coll, Biomed Engn, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Heinrich, Frank; Losche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Losche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Tristram-Nagle, S (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Biol Phys Grp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM stn@cmu.edu RI Nagle, John/B-1917-2015; Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013 OI Nagle, John/0000-0002-9844-5934; Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [R01GM44976, R01GM101647]; NASA [GM44976]; National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences under National Science Foundation [DMR-0225180]; NISI IMS program "Precision Measurements for Integral Membrane Proteins" FX This work is funded by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award R01GM44976 (S.T.-N., J.F.N., co-PIs) and R01GM101647 (M.L.(PI), F.H.). L.O'N. was the recipient of a NASA Award for summer undergraduates and GM44976, B.W.T., GM44976. The authors would like to acknowledge Michael S. Jablin for help with experimental design, sample preparation, data collection at CHESS, LAXS data analysis and volume measurements, GM44976. The authors would also like to thank Timothy Brooks for help with the LAXS data analysis. X-ray scattering data were taken at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences under National Science Foundation Award DMR-0225180. The authors thank Dr. Arthur Woll for help with beam alignment at CHESS. Parts of this research were performed at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology and were supported by the NISI IMS program "Precision Measurements for Integral Membrane Proteins". Certain commercial materials, equipment, and instruments are identified in this work to describe the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such an identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials, equipment, or instrument identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. CD data were collected in the Center for Molecular Analysis at Carnegie Mellon University. None of the authors has a conflict of interest regarding this work. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2736 EI 0006-3002 J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 1858 IS 12 BP 3071 EP 3081 DI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.09.010 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA EC3TG UT WOS:000388048600013 PM 27641491 ER PT J AU Jiang, T Wang, YM AF Jiang, Tao Wang, Yan Ming TI On the spectral combination of satellite gravity model, terrestrial and airborne gravity data for local gravimetric geoid computation SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Airborne gravity; Error degree variance; Geoid; Satellite gravity; Spectral combination; Spectral weight; Terrestrial gravity ID VALIDATION; ACCURACY AB One of the challenges for geoid determination is the combination of heterogeneous gravity data. Because of the distinctive spectral content of different data sets, spectral combination is a suitable candidate for its solution. The key to have a successful combination is to determine the proper spectral weights, or the error degree variances of each data set. In this paper, the error degree variances of terrestrial and airborne gravity data at low degrees are estimated by the aid of a satellite gravity model using harmonic analysis. For higher degrees, the error covariances are estimated from local gravity data first, and then used to compute the error degree variances. The white and colored noise models are also used to estimate the error degree variances of local gravity data for comparisons. Based on the error degree variances, the spectral weights of satellite gravity models, terrestrial and airborne gravity data are determined and applied for geoid computation in Texas area. The computed gravimetric geoid models are tested against an independent, highly accurate geoid profile of the Geoid Slope Validation Survey 2011 (GSVS11). The geoid computed by combining satellite gravity model GOCO03S and terrestrial (land and DTU13 altimetric) gravity data agrees with GSVS11 to +/- 1.1 cm in terms of standard deviation along a line of 325 km. After incorporating the airborne gravity data collected at 11 km altitude, the standard deviation is reduced to +/- 0.8 cm. Numerical tests demonstrate the feasibility of spectral combination in geoid computation and the contribution of airborne gravity in an area of high quality terrestrial gravity data. Using the GSVS11 data and the spectral combination, the degree of correctness of the error spectra and the quality of satellite gravity models can also be revealed. C1 [Jiang, Tao] Chinese Acad Surveying & Mapping, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yan Ming] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Jiang, T (reprint author), Chinese Acad Surveying & Mapping, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM jiangtao@casm.ac.cn; yan.wang@noaa.gov FU China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41204008]; NGS FX Tao Jiang is funded by the China Scholarship Council and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41204008). NGS also provided partially support for this study. The authors thank Mr. Jarir Saleh for his constructive suggestions and discussions. Drs. Jonas Agren, Jianliang Huang, Simon Holmes and Xiaopeng Li are greatly appreciated for their constructive comments and discussions. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 EI 1432-1394 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD DEC PY 2016 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1405 EP 1418 DI 10.1007/s00190-016-0932-7 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA EB9MS UT WOS:000387719700008 ER PT J AU Androulidakis, Y Kourafalou, V Halliwell, G Le Henaff, M Kang, H Mehari, M Atlas, R AF Androulidakis, Yannis Kourafalou, Vassiliki Halliwell, George Le Henaff, Matthieu Kang, Heesook Mehari, Michael Atlas, Robert TI Hurricane interaction with the upper ocean in the Amazon-Orinoco plume region SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Hurricane intensification; Barrier layer; Atlantic hurricane region; Amazon-Orinoco plume; HYCOM ID NORTH BRAZIL CURRENT; GULF-OF-MEXICO; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPICAL CYCLONES; BARRIER LAYER; RIVER PLUME; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SALINITY; RINGS AB The evolution of three successive hurricanes (Katia, Maria, and Ophelia) is investigated over the river plume area formed by the Amazon and Orinoco river outflows during September of 2011. The study focuses on hurricane impacts on the ocean structure and the ocean feedback influencing hurricane intensification. High-resolution (1/25A degrees x 1/25A degrees horizontal grid) numerical simulations of the circulation in the extended Atlantic Hurricane Region (Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Northwest Atlantic Ocean) were used to investigate the upper ocean response during the three hurricane-plume interaction cases. The three hurricanes revealed different evolution and intensification characteristics over an area covered by brackish surface waters. The upper ocean response to the hurricane passages over the plume affected region showed high variability due to the interaction of oceanic and atmospheric processes. The existence of a barrier layer (BL), formed by the offshore spreading of brackish waters, probably facilitated intensification of the first storm (Hurricane Katia) because the river-induced BL enhanced the resistance of the upper ocean to cooling. This effect was missing in the subsequent two hurricanes (Maria and Ophelia) as the eroded BL (due to Katia passage) allowed the upper ocean cooling to be increased. As a consequence, the amount of ocean thermal energy provided to these storms was greatly reduced, which acted to limit intensification. Numerical experiments and analyses, in tandem with observational support, lead to the conclusion that the presence of a river plume-induced BL is a strong factor in the ocean conditions influencing hurricane intensification. C1 [Androulidakis, Yannis; Kourafalou, Vassiliki; Kang, Heesook] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Halliwell, George; Le Henaff, Matthieu; Atlas, Robert] NOAA AOML, Miami, FL USA. [Le Henaff, Matthieu; Mehari, Michael] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Androulidakis, Y (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM iandroul@rsmas.miami.edu RI Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Mehari, Michael/B-1402-2017 OI Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; FU NOAA-OAR through a Sandy Supplemental award [NA13OAR4830224]; NOAA-OAR [NA15OAR4320064] FX This study was funded by NOAA-OAR through a Sandy Supplemental award (NA13OAR4830224). V. Kourafalou received additional NOAA-OAR support (NA15OAR4320064). Internal support of G. Halliwell, M. Le Henaff, and M. Mehari by NOAA-AOML-PhOD is gratefully acknowledged. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 66 IS 12 BP 1559 EP 1588 DI 10.1007/s10236-016-0997-0 PG 30 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EB9NQ UT WOS:000387722600002 ER PT J AU Ji, DS Gao, WK Zhang, JK Morino, Y Zhou, LX Yu, PF Li, Y Sun, JR Ge, BZ Tang, GQ Sun, YL Wang, YS AF Ji, Dongsheng Gao, Wenkang Zhang, Junke Morino, Yu Zhou, Luxi Yu, Pengfei Li, Ying Sun, Jiaren Ge, Baozhu Tang, Guiqian Sun, Yele Wang, Yuesi TI Investigating the evolution of summertime secondary atmospheric pollutants in urban Beijing SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE O-3; O-x; Photochemical production; Oxygenated organic aerosol ID ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG; SOURCE ATTRIBUTION; NORTHERN CHINA; AIR-POLLUTION; OZONE; TRENDS; PM2.5; LAYER AB Understanding the formation of tropospheric ozone (O-3) and secondary particulates is essential for controlling secondary pollution in megacities. Intensive observations were conducted to investigate the evolution of O-3, nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-) and oxygenated organic aerosols ((OOAs), a proxy for secondary organic aerosols) and the interactions between O-3, NOx oxidation products (NOz) and OOA in urban Beijing in August 2012. The O-3 concentrations exhibited similar variations at both the urban and urban background sites in Beijing. Regarding the O-3 profile, the O-3 concentrations increased with increasing altitude. The peaks in O-3 on the days exceeding the 1 h or 8 h O-3 standards (polluted days) were substantially wider than those on normal days. Significant increases in the NOz mixing ratio (i.e., NOy - NOx) were observed between the morning and early afternoon, which were consistent with the increasing oxidant level. A discernable NO3-peak was also observed in the morning on the polluted days, and this peak was attributed to vertical mixing and strong photochemical production. In addition, a SO(4)(2-)peak at 18:00 was likely caused by a combination of local generation and regional transport. The OOA-concentration cycle exhibited two peaks at approximately 10:00 and 19:00. The OOA concentrations were correlated well with SO42-([OOA] = 0.55 x [SO42-] + 2.1, r(2) = 0.69) because they both originated from secondary transformations that were dependent on the ambient oxidization level and relative humidity. However, the slope between OOA and SO42- was only 0.35, which was smaller than the slope observed for all of the OOA and SO42- data, when the RH ranged from 40 to 50%. In addition, a photochemical episode was selected for analysis. The results showed that regional transport played an important role in the evolution of the investigated secondary pollutants. The measured OOA and O-x concentrations were well correlated at the daily scale, whereas the hourly OOA and O-x concentrations were insignificantly correlated in urban Beijing. The synoptic situation and the differences in the VOC oxidation contributing to O-3 and SOAs may have resulted in the differences among the correlations between OOA and O-x at different time scale. We calculated OOA production rates using the photochemical age (defined as -log(10)(NOx/NOy)) in urban plumes. The CO-normalized OOA concentration increased with increasing photochemical age, with production rates ranging from 1.1 to 8.5 mu g m(-3) ppm(-1) h(-1) for the plume from the NCP. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ji, Dongsheng; Gao, Wenkang; Zhang, Junke; Li, Ying; Ge, Baozhu; Tang, Guiqian; Sun, Yele; Wang, Yuesi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Gao, Wenkang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Morino, Yu; Li, Ying] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Reg Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Zhou, Luxi] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Yu, Pengfei] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Yu, Pengfei] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sun, Jiaren] Minist Environm Protect, South China Inst Environm Sci, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Luxi] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ji, DS; Wang, YS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM jds@mail.iap.ac.cn; wys@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Yu, Pengfei/S-4596-2016; Zhou, Luxi/S-4947-2016; Tang, Guiqian/E-5451-2016; Zhang, Junke/E-8284-2016; Sun, Yele/F-1314-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Yu, Pengfei/0000-0002-2774-1058; Zhou, Luxi/0000-0001-7364-741X; Tang, Guiqian/0000-0002-4381-5344; Zhang, Junke/0000-0003-1595-5136; Sun, Yele/0000-0003-2354-0221; FU Beijing Natural Science Foundation [8142034]; Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB05020501, XDB05030203] FX This work was supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (8142034) and the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grants XDB05020501 and XDB05030203). NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 41 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 572 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.153 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EC0RA UT WOS:000387807200030 PM 27505262 ER PT J AU Newman, JF Bonin, TA Klein, PM Wharton, S Newsom, RK AF Newman, Jennifer F. Bonin, Timothy A. Klein, Petra M. Wharton, Sonia Newsom, Rob K. TI Testing and validation of multi-lidar scanning strategies for wind energy applications SO WIND ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Doppler lidar; turbulence; virtual tower; scanning lidar ID DUAL-DOPPLER LIDAR; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TURBULENCE; ERROR AB Several factors cause lidars to measure different values of turbulence than an anemometer on a tower, including volume averaging, instrument noise and the use of a scanning circle to estimate the wind field. One way to avoid the use of a scanning circle is to deploy multiple scanning lidars and point them toward the same volume in space to collect velocity measurements and extract high-resolution turbulence information. This paper explores the use of two multi-lidar scanning strategies, the tri-Doppler technique and the virtual tower technique, for measuring 3-D turbulence. In summer 2013, a vertically profiling Leosphere WindCube lidar and three Halo Photonics Streamline lidars were operated at the Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site to test these multi-lidar scanning strategies. During the first half of the field campaign, all three scanning lidars were pointed at approximately the same point in space and a tri-Doppler analysis was completed to calculate the three-dimensional wind vector every second. Next, all three scanning lidars were used to build a virtual tower' above the WindCube lidar. Results indicate that the tri-Doppler technique measures higher values of horizontal turbulence than the WindCube lidar under stable atmospheric conditions, reduces variance contamination under unstable conditions and can measure high-resolution profiles of mean wind speed and direction. The virtual tower technique provides adequate turbulence information under stable conditions but cannot capture the full temporal variability of turbulence experienced under unstable conditions because of the time needed to readjust the scans. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Newman, Jennifer F.; Bonin, Timothy A.; Klein, Petra M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wharton, Sonia] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Newsom, Rob K.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Newman, Jennifer F.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bonin, Timothy A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bonin, Timothy A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Newman, JF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Jennifer.Newman@nrel.gov RI Bonin, Timothy /C-9125-2016; Klein, Petra/G-1894-2012 OI Bonin, Timothy /0000-0001-7679-2890; Klein, Petra/0000-0003-2943-7831 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [12-ERD-069]; US Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to thank the staff of the Southern Great Plains ARM site, Marc Fischer and Sebastien Biraud from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the members of the Boundary Layer Integrated Sensing and Simulation group at OU and the technical support staff at Sgurr Energy, Leosphere and Halo Photonics for their assistance during the experiment. We are also grateful for comments from two anonymous reviewers, which helped improve the manuscript. LABLE 2 data were obtained from the ARM Climate Research Facility, a US Department of Energy Office of Science user facility sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research. J.F.N. and S.W. received funding from Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) award number 12-ERD-069 from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the US Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 13 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1095-4244 EI 1099-1824 J9 WIND ENERGY JI Wind Energy PD DEC PY 2016 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2239 EP 2254 DI 10.1002/we.1978 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EB8WG UT WOS:000387671400007 ER PT J AU Paquin, D Frigon, A Kunkel, KE AF Paquin, D. Frigon, A. Kunkel, K. E. TI Evaluation of Total Precipitable Water from CRCM4 using the NVAP-MEaSUREs Dataset and ERA-Interim Reanalysis Data SO ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN LA English DT Article DE regional climate modelling; evaluation; precipitable water; observations ID COUPLED MODEL; CLIMATE; CONFIGURATION; VARIABILITY; CANADA AB The fourth-generation Canadian Regional Climate Model's (CRCM4) precipitable water is evaluated and compared with observational data and ERA-Interim reanalysis data over five Canadian basins with simulations driven by ERA-Interim (two) and global climate models (two). Considering the 22 years of data available in the observations, we analyze precipitable water's behaviour through its annual cycle, its daily distribution, and its annual daily maxima. For the simulations driven by reanalyses, differences in annual daily maximum values and their correlations with observations are examined. In general, the values for precipitable water simulated by CRCM4 are similar to those observed, and the model reproduces both the interannual and inter-basin variabilities. The simulation at 15 km resolution produces higher extreme values than simulations performed at 45 km resolution and higher than the observations taken at coarser resolution (1 degrees), without much influence on the mean behaviour. Some underestimation is found with the simulation driven by the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis Model, version 3, a sign of a cold and dry bias, whereas the run driven by the European Centre Hamburg Model, version 5, is much closer to the observations, pointing to the importance of closely considering the regional-global model combination. Overall, CRCM4's ability to reproduce the major characteristics of observed precipitable water makes it a possible tool for providing precipitable water data that could serve as a basis for probable maximum precipitation and probable maximum flood studies at the basin scale. C1 [Paquin, D.; Frigon, A.] Ouranos Consortium Reg Climatol & Adaptat Climate, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Kunkel, K. E.] North Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Kunkel, K. E.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. RP Paquin, D (reprint author), Ouranos Consortium Reg Climatol & Adaptat Climate, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM paquin.dominique@ouranos.ca RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015 OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047 FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office Applied Research Center; NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina [NA14NES432003]; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [W912HQ-15-C-0010] FX Partial support was provided by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office Applied Research Center, by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement [NA14NES432003], and by Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Contract [# W912HQ-15-C-0010]. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CMOS-SCMO PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3211, STATION D, OTTAWA, ON K1P 6H7, CANADA SN 0705-5900 EI 1480-9214 J9 ATMOS OCEAN JI Atmos.-Ocean PD DEC PY 2016 VL 54 IS 5 BP 541 EP 548 DI 10.1080/07055900.2016.1230043 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA EB6JA UT WOS:000387487200006 ER PT J AU Clements, WH Kashian, DR Kiffney, PM Zuellig, RE AF Clements, William H. Kashian, Donna R. Kiffney, Peter M. Zuellig, Robert E. TI Perspectives on the context-dependency of stream community responses to contaminants SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benthic macroinvertebrates; contaminants; context-dependent responses; ecotoxicology; streams ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN STREAMS; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; HEAVY-METALS; MARINE PERIPHYTON; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; POPULATION-LEVEL; TOLERANCE PICT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UV-B AB Natural variation in the structure and function of aquatic communities along environmental or spatiotemporal gradients can influence how systems respond to biotic and abiotic disturbances. Although these context-dependent responses are a well-established element of basic ecology, they have received little attention from an ecotoxicological perspective. As the scope of freshwater bioassessment expands from single catchments to broad-scale, regional surveys, it has become apparent that community responses to contaminants can vary significantly among locations. This variability is generally considered a nuisance and an impediment to recognising ecological patterns; however, natural spatiotemporal variation in communities also provides opportunities to test hypotheses about context-dependent responses to contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. This study presents three examples of context-dependent responses of benthic stream communities to contaminants. We show how longitudinal variation in community composition, the development of tolerance to contaminants and exposure to multiple stressors influence the historical context of a community and hence may determine community responses to contaminants. Aquatic ecotoxicologists have made significant progress identifying abiotic factors that influence contaminant bioavailability and toxicity. A similar effort could be undertaken to identify specific ecological factors (e.g. community composition, natural disturbance regimes and life-history characteristics) that contribute to variation in susceptibility of communities to contaminants. Understanding the nature of context-dependent responses and the mechanisms responsible for variation among communities should be a key element of ecological risk assessment and a research priority in ecotoxicology. C1 [Clements, William H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kashian, Donna R.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Kiffney, Peter M.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol, Mukilteo, WA USA. [Zuellig, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Clements, WH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM willc@cnr.colostate.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Geological Survey; NIEHS Basic Superfund Research Program FX Funding to support our research on context-dependent responses of benthic communities was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey and the NIEHS Basic Superfund Research Program. Comments by Ahmed Tlili, Mark Gessner and two anonymous reviewers significantly improved this manuscript. We are especially grateful to Drs. Tlili and Gessner for their invitation to contribute to this special issue on the interface between ecology and ecotoxicology. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 21 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 61 IS 12 SI SI BP 2162 EP 2170 DI 10.1111/fwb.12599 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EB6OS UT WOS:000387504700015 ER PT J AU Coskuner, O AF Coskuner, Orkid TI Divalent copper ion bound amyloid-beta(40) and amyloid-beta(42) alloforms are less preferred than divalent zinc ion bound amyloid-beta(40) and amyloid-beta(42) alloforms SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Disordered proteins; Metalloproteins; Copper; Zinc; Amyloid-beta; Molecular dynamics ID AMYLOID-BETA-PEPTIDE; FREE-ENERGY LANDSCAPES; ALZHEIMER A-BETA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN PROTEIN; METAL-ION; BINDING-SITE; WILD-TYPE; HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS AB Divalent copper and zinc ions bind to the amyloid-beta(40) and amyloid-beta(42) alloforms and affect their structural stability as well as their chemical and physical properties. Current literature debates the impact of copper ions on amyloid-beta alloforms. Recently, we reported the structural and thermodynamic properties of apo amyloid-beta and divalent zinc ion bound amyloid-beta alloforms (see, Wise-Scira et al. in J Biol Inorg Chem 17:927-938, 2012 and Coskuner et al. in ACS Chem Neurosci 4: 310-320, 2013). In our search for understanding the impacts of transition metal ions on disordered amyloid-beta, we also developed and reported new potential functions using quantum mechanics, which are required for high-quality molecular dynamics simulations of divalent copper ion bound amyloid-beta alloforms (see, Wise and Coskuner in J Comput Chem 35:1278-1289, 2014). The structures and thermodynamic properties of the divalent copper ion bound amyloid-beta(40) and amyloid-beta(42) alloforms in an aqueous medium are studied. The secondary and tertiary structures of divalent copper ion bound amyloid-beta(40) and amyloid-beta(42) along with their thermodynamic properties including enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy and potential of mean force surface are investigated. Results are compared to those for apo amyloid-beta and divalent zinc ion bound amyloid-beta alloforms. Results demonstrate that copper binding to A beta alloforms is thermodynamically less preferred rather than zinc binding. Less compact structures of copper ion bound amyloid-beta alloforms possess reduced stability in comparison to zinc ion bound amyloid-beta alloforms. Cu(II) binding impacts the thermodynamic properties, secondary and tertiary structural properties of A beta 40 and A beta 42. C1 [Coskuner, Orkid] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Coskuner, Orkid] Univ Texas San Antonio, Neurosci Inst, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Coskuner, Orkid] NIST, Biochem Reference Data Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coskuner, O (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.; Coskuner, O (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Neurosci Inst, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.; Coskuner, O (reprint author), NIST, Biochem Reference Data Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM orkid.coskunerweber@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [TG-CHE110044]; University of Texas at San Antonio FX This research was supported by an allocation and computing resources provided by the National Science Foundation (Grant no. TG-CHE110044). The calculations and simulations were performed on Kraken at the National Institute for Computational Sciences. The author is thankful for support from the University of Texas at San Antonio. The author thanks Olivia Wise (USPTO), Carlos Gonzalez (NIST), Jeffrey Hudgens (NIST), Thomas Allison (NIST) and Michael G. Zagorski (CWRU) for the experimental data and helpful discussions. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-8257 EI 1432-1327 J9 J BIOL INORG CHEM JI J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 21 IS 8 BP 957 EP 973 DI 10.1007/s00775-016-1392-5 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA EB7UR UT WOS:000387596800004 PM 27659954 ER PT J AU Folmer, MJ Pasken, RW Chiao, S Dunion, J Halverson, J AF Folmer, Michael J. Pasken, Robert W. Chiao, Sen Dunion, Jason Halverson, Jeffrey TI Modeling studies on the formation of Hurricane Helene: the impact of GPS dropwindsondes from the NAMMA 2006 field campaign SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SAHARAN AIR LAYER; TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; EASTERN ATLANTIC; FORECASTS; AFRICA; WAVES AB Numerical simulations, using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model in concert with GPS dropwindsondes released during the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses 2006 Field Campaign, were conducted to provide additional insight on SAL-TC interaction. Using NCEP Final analysis datasets to initialize the WRF, a sensitivity test was performed on the assimilated (i.e., observation nudging) GPS dropwindsondes to understand the effects of individual variables (i.e., moisture, temperature, and winds) on the simulation and determine the extent of improvement when compared to available observations. The results suggested that GPS dropwindsonde temperature data provided the most significant difference in the simulated storm organization, storm strength, and synoptic environment, but all of the variables assimilated at the same time give a more representative mesoscale and synoptic picture. C1 [Folmer, Michael J.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pasken, Robert W.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 3507 LaClede Ave, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Chiao, Sen] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Dunion, Jason] NOAA AOML HRD, Miami, FL USA. [Halverson, Jeffrey] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Chiao, S (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM rpasken@slu.edu; sen.chiao@sjsu.edu RI Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014 OI Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1209296]; NASA [NNX15AQ02A] FX The critical reviews of anonymous reviewers and the editor were very helpful. We acknowledge the suppliers of datasets utilized in this research. We wish to express our appreciation to T. Eichler and G. Chen for the suggestions for the development of this research. This research was partly supported by the National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1209296 and NASA Grant NNX15AQ02A. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 EI 1436-5065 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 128 IS 6 BP 733 EP 750 DI 10.1007/s00703-016-0452-2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB5TE UT WOS:000387442500004 ER PT J AU Audzijonyte, A Fulton, E Haddon, M Helidoniotis, F Hobday, AJ Kuparinen, A Morrongiello, J Smith, ADM Upston, J Waples, RS AF Audzijonyte, Asta Fulton, Elizabeth Haddon, Malcolm Helidoniotis, Fay Hobday, Alistair J. Kuparinen, Anna Morrongiello, John Smith, Anthony D. M. Upston, Judy Waples, Robin S. TI Trends and management implications of human-influenced life-history changes in marine ectotherms SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Climate change; evolution; fisheries; phenotypic response; physiology; plasticity ID FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; TEMPERATURE-SIZE RULE; EXPLOITED FISH STOCKS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BODY-SIZE; ATLANTIC COD; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; NATURAL MORTALITY AB Evidence is accumulating that many marine ectotherms are undergoing rapid changes in their life-history characteristics. These changes have been variously attributed to fisheries-induced evolution, inhibited adult growth rate due to oxygen limitation at higher temperatures, and plastic responses to density dependence or changes in ocean productivity. Here, we review the diverse underlying mechanisms by which plastic and evolutionary responses to climate change and fisheries are likely to produce similar life-history trends in harvested marine ectotherms, leading to faster life-histories with earlier maturation and smaller adult size-at-age. While mechanistically understanding these growth and maturation changes may be difficult, it is becoming clear that changing life-histories will lead to modified population dynamics, productivity and natural mortality of the affected species. We discuss how the observed and expected life-history changes could affect the assumptions and uncertainty within single and multispecies models currently used in marine ecosystem management, highlighting that models which allow for dynamic life-history traits often report significantly different estimates of stock biomass. Given that both climate- and harvest-induced life-history changes are likely to intensify and possibly amplify each other, there is an urgent need to adequately assess the implications of faster life-histories for marine ecosystem management. This is especially true for data-poor stocks, where growth and maturation are not regularly assessed. Targeted monitoring can be used to inform responsive management, but for improved sustainability outcomes, a precautionary approach to management that is robust to life-history trends is advised. C1 [Audzijonyte, Asta; Kuparinen, Anna] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, Post Box 65, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Fulton, Elizabeth; Haddon, Malcolm; Helidoniotis, Fay; Hobday, Alistair J.; Smith, Anthony D. M.; Upston, Judy] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Morrongiello, John] Univ Melbourne, Sch Biosci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd, East Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Audzijonyte, A (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, Post Box 65, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM asta.audzijonyte@helsinki.fi RI Morrongiello, John/E-8716-2011 OI Morrongiello, John/0000-0002-9608-4151 FU Kone Foundation; Academy of Finland; CSIRO FX This study was supported by the Kone Foundation (AA), Academy of Finland (AK) and CSIRO. We thank Franz Mueter, three anonymous referees and the editor for comments that sharpened the focus of this manuscript. NR 176 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 41 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1005 EP 1028 DI 10.1111/faf.12156 PG 24 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EA9CO UT WOS:000386938900005 ER PT J AU Kuhn, DR Kacker, RN Lei, Y AF Kuhn, D. Richard Kacker, Raghu N. Lei, Yu TI Measuring and specifying combinatorial coverage of test input configurations SO INNOVATIONS IN SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Combinatorial testing; Configuration model; Covering array; Fault coverage; State-space coverage; T-way testing; Verification and validation (V&V) AB A key issue in testing is how many tests are needed for a required level of coverage or fault detection. Estimates are often based on error rates in initial testing, or on code coverage. For example, tests may be run until a desired level of statement or branch coverage is achieved. Combinatorial methods present an opportunity for a different approach to estimating required test set size, using characteristics of the test set. This paper describes methods for estimating the coverage of, and ability to detect, t-way interaction faults of a test set based on a covering array. We also develop a connection between (static) combinatorial coverage and (dynamic) code coverage, such that if a specific condition is satisfied, 100 % branch coverage is assured. Using these results, we propose practical recommendations for using combinatorial coverage in specifying test requirements, and for improving estimates of the fault detection capacity of a test set. C1 [Kuhn, D. Richard; Kacker, Raghu N.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lei, Yu] Univ Texas Arlington, Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Kuhn, DR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kuhn@nist.gov; raghu.kacker@nist.gov; ylei@uta.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1614-5046 EI 1614-5054 J9 INNOV SYST SOFTW ENG JI Innov. Syst. Softw. Eng. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 12 IS 4 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s11334-015-0266-2 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA EA1UG UT WOS:000386376800001 PM 28133442 ER PT J AU Chaffin, BC Garmestani, AS Angeler, DG Herrmann, DL Stow, CA Nystrom, M Sendzimir, J Hopton, ME Kolasa, J Allen, CR AF Chaffin, Brian C. Garmestani, Ahjond S. Angeler, David G. Herrmann, Dustin L. Stow, Craig A. Nystrom, Magnus Sendzimir, Jan Hopton, Matthew E. Kolasa, Jurek Allen, Craig R. TI Biological invasions, ecological resilience and adaptive governance SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; Invasive species; Ecological resilience; Adaptive governance; Adaptive management; Ecosystem services ID BODY-MASS DISTRIBUTIONS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; EVERGLADES ECOSYSTEM; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; CORAL-REEFS; MANAGEMENT; EXTINCTIONS; SYSTEMS; BIODIVERSITY AB In a world of increasing interconnections in global trade as well as rapid change in climate and land cover, the accelerating introduction and spread of invasive species is a critical concern due to associated negative social and ecological impacts, both real and perceived. Much of the societal response to invasive species to date has been associated with negative economic consequences of invasions. This response has shaped a war-like approach to addressing invasions, one with an agenda of eradications and intense ecological restoration efforts towards prior or more desirable ecological regimes. This trajectory often ignores the concept of ecological resilience and associated approaches of resilience-based governance. We argue that the relationship between ecological resilience and invasive species has been understudied to the detriment of attempts to govern invasions, and that most management actions fail, primarily because they do not incorporate adaptive, learning-based approaches. Invasive species can decrease resilience by reducing the biodiversity that underpins ecological functions and processes, making ecosystems more prone to regime shifts. However, invasions do not always result in a shift to an alternative regime; invasions can also increase resilience by introducing novelty, replacing lost ecological functions or adding redundancy that strengthens already existing structures and processes in an ecosystem. This paper examines the potential impacts of species invasions on the resilience of ecosystems and suggests that resilience-based approaches can inform policy by linking the governance of biological invasions to the negotiation of tradeoffs between ecosystem services. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chaffin, Brian C.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Soc & Conservat, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Garmestani, Ahjond S.; Hopton, Matthew E.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Box 7050, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Herrmann, Dustin L.] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci, 26 W Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Herrmann, Dustin L.] US EPA, Educ Res Participant Program, 26 W Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Nystrom, Magnus] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, Kraftriket 2B, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sendzimir, Jan] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci BOKU, Inst Hydrobiol & Aquat Ecosyst Management, Max Emanuel Str 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Kolasa, Jurek] McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, 423 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Chaffin, BC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Soc & Conservat, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM brian.chaffin@umontana.edu; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov; david.angeler@slu.se; herrmann.dustin@epa.gov; craig.stow@noaa.gov; magnus.nystrom@su.se; jan.sendzimir@boku.ac.at; hopton.matthew@epa.gov; kolasa@mcmaster.ca; callen3@unl.edu OI Hopton, Matt/0000-0001-7962-6820 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; U.S. Geological Survey John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory [1817]; Swedish Research Councils Formas [2014-1193]; Vetenskapsradet [2014-5828] FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. This research was partially conducted with the support of two appointments to the Research Participation Program at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory, one administered by the National Academies Research Associateship Program, and one by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, the U.S. Geological Survey John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (contribution number 1817) and the Swedish Research Councils Formas (2014-1193) and Vetenskapsradet (2014-5828). NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 79 U2 79 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 183 BP 399 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.040 PN 2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EA2HV UT WOS:000386414300007 PM 27377866 ER PT J AU Wright, J Toman, B Mickan, B Wubbeler, G Bodnar, O Elster, C AF Wright, John Toman, Blaza Mickan, Bodo Wubbeler, Gerd Bodnar, Olha Elster, Clemens TI Transfer standard uncertainty can cause inconclusive inter-laboratory comparisons SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE comparison; degree of equivalence; transfer standard uncertainty ID KEY COMPARISON DATA AB Inter-laboratory comparisons use the best available transfer standards to check the participants' uncertainty analyses, identify underestimated uncertainty claims or unknown measurement biases, and improve the global measurement system. For some measurands, instability of the transfer standard can lead to an inconclusive comparison result. If the transfer standard uncertainty is large relative to a participating laboratory's uncertainty, the commonly used standardized degree of equivalence <= 1 criterion does not always correctly assess whether a participant is working within their uncertainty claims. We show comparison results that demonstrate this issue and propose several criteria for assessing a comparison result as passing, failing, or inconclusive. We investigate the behavior of the standardized degree of equivalence and alternative comparison measures for a range of values of the transfer standard uncertainty relative to the individual laboratory uncertainty values. The proposed alternative criteria successfully discerned between passing, failing, and inconclusive comparison results for the cases we examined. C1 [Wright, John; Toman, Blaza] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mickan, Bodo; Wubbeler, Gerd; Bodnar, Olha; Elster, Clemens] PTB, Braunschweig, Germany. [Mickan, Bodo; Wubbeler, Gerd; Bodnar, Olha; Elster, Clemens] PTB, Berlin, Germany. RP Wright, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.wright@nist.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2016 VL 53 IS 6 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/6/1243 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DZ7AQ UT WOS:000386015600002 ER PT J AU McHuron, EA Robinson, PW Simmons, SE Kuhn, CE Fowler, M Costa, DP AF McHuron, E. A. Robinson, P. W. Simmons, S. E. Kuhn, C. E. Fowler, M. Costa, D. P. TI Foraging strategies of a generalist marine predator inhabiting a dynamic environment SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Individual variability; Dive behavior; Sea lion; Zalophus californianus; California Current ID CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; ARCTOCEPHALUS-PUSILLUS-DORIFERUS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; RESOURCE USE; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; ATTENDANCE PATTERNS; DIET SPECIALIZATION; DIVING PATTERNS AB Intraspecific variability is increasingly recognized as an important component of foraging behavior that can have implications for both population and community dynamics. We used an individual-level approach to describe the foraging behavior of an abundant, generalist predator that inhabits a dynamic marine ecosystem, focusing specifically on the different foraging strategies used by individuals in the same demographic group. We collected data on movements and diving behavior of adult female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) across multiple foraging trips to sea. Sea lions (n = 35) used one of three foraging strategies that primarily differed in their oceanic zone and dive depth: a shallow, epipelagic strategy, a mixed epipelagic/benthic strategy, and a deep-diving strategy. Individuals varied in their degree of fidelity to a given strategy, with 66 % of sea lions using only one strategy on all or most of their foraging trips across the two-month tracking period. All foraging strategies were present in each of the sampling years, but there were inter-annual differences in the population-level importance of each strategy that may reflect changes in prey availability. Deep-diving sea lions traveled shorter distances and spent a greater proportion of time at the rookery than sea lions using the other two strategies, which may have energetic and reproductive implications. These results highlight the importance of an individual-based approach in describing the foraging behavior of female California sea lions and understanding how they respond to the seasonal and annual changes in prey availability that characterize the California Current System. C1 [McHuron, E. A.; Robinson, P. W.; Costa, D. P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Simmons, S. E.] Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Kuhn, C. E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Fowler, M.] Springfield Coll, Springfield, MA 01109 USA. RP McHuron, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM emchuron@ucsc.edu FU California Sea Grant Program; National Oceanographic Partnership Program; Office of Naval Research; Sloan Foundations; E & P Sound and Marine Life Joint Industry Programme [22 07-23]; Moore, Packard FX We thank Seth Newsome for helpful suggestions that improved the quality of this manuscript, the US. Navy for logistical support, and all of the field volunteers, without which this research would not have been possible. Data collection was part of the Tagging of Pelagic Predators (TOPP) project, and funded by the California Sea Grant Program, National Oceanographic Partnership Program, the Office of Naval Research, and the Moore, Packard, and Sloan Foundations. EAM was supported on a grant from the E & P Sound and Marine Life Joint Industry Programme (#22 07-23). Animal handling was permitted under NMFS permit #87-1593, 1851 and approved by the University of California Santa Cruz Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 25 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2016 VL 182 IS 4 BP 995 EP 1005 DI 10.1007/s00442-016-3732-0 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ7TV UT WOS:000386070800007 PM 27651228 ER PT J AU Kelly, ELA Eynaud, Y Clements, SM Gleason, M Sparks, RT Williams, ID Smith, JE AF Kelly, Emily L. A. Eynaud, Yoan Clements, Samantha M. Gleason, Molly Sparks, Russell T. Williams, Ivor D. Smith, Jennifer E. TI Investigating functional redundancy versus complementarity in Hawaiian herbivorous coral reef fishes SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Herbivore; Functional redundancy; Complementarity; Functional guild; Selectivity ID ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPARISOMA-VIRIDE; TROPHIC STATUS; ASSEMBLAGES; DIVERSITY; COMPETITION; ECOSYSTEM; PRODUCTIVITY; BIOEROSION AB Patterns of species resource use provide insight into the functional roles of species and thus their ecological significance within a community. The functional role of herbivorous fishes on coral reefs has been defined through a variety of methods, but from a grazing perspective, less is known about the species-specific preferences of herbivores on different groups of reef algae and the extent of dietary overlap across an herbivore community. Here, we quantified patterns of redundancy and complementarity in a highly diverse community of herbivores at a reef on Maui, Hawaii, USA. First, we tracked fish foraging behavior in situ to record bite rate and type of substrate bitten. Second, we examined gut contents of select herbivorous fishes to determine consumption at a finer scale. Finally, we placed foraging behavior in the context of resource availability to determine how fish selected substrate type. All species predominantly (73-100 %) foraged on turf algae, though there were differences among the types of macroalgae and other substrates bitten. Increased resolution via gut content analysis showed the composition of turf algae consumed by fishes differed across herbivore species. Consideration of foraging behavior by substrate availability revealed 50 % of herbivores selected for turf as opposed to other substrate types, but overall, there were variable foraging portfolios across all species. Through these three methods of investigation, we found higher complementarity among herbivorous fishes than would be revealed using a single metric. These results suggest differences across species in the herbivore "rain of bites" that graze and shape benthic community composition. C1 [Kelly, Emily L. A.; Eynaud, Yoan; Clements, Samantha M.; Gleason, Molly; Smith, Jennifer E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sparks, Russell T.] Maui Off, Div Aquat Resources, Dept Land & Nat Resources, 130 Mahalani St, Wailuku, HI 96768 USA. [Williams, Ivor D.] NOAA, CREP, PIFSC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,IRC, 1845 Wasp Blvd Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Kelly, ELA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM elkelly@ucsd.edu FU NSF IGERT; Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative; Mia Tegner Fellowship; Women Divers Hall of Fame; Explorers Club Exploration Fund; Sussman Fellowship; Oceanids Memorial Fellowship; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program FX We thank S. Sandin for discussions of data analysis and implications. Thanks to M. Dailer and D. White for ideas and field support, P. Dockry for logistical support, and K. Moses and N. Pederson for processing gut content samples. We also thank S. Kram, J. Harris, L. Lewis, M. Miller, D. Brown, J. Locke, and E. Keenan. A. Khen provided drawings used in figures. Funding was provided by NSF IGERT, Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative, Mia Tegner Fellowship, Women Divers Hall of Fame, Explorers Club Exploration Fund, the Sussman Fellowship, and the Oceanids Memorial Fellowship. Funding for benthic coral reef surveys came from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. We thank D. Burkepile, S. Brandl, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments in improving the manuscript. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2016 VL 182 IS 4 BP 1151 EP 1163 DI 10.1007/s00442-016-3724-0 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ7TV UT WOS:000386070800021 PM 27651229 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL AF Rukhin, Andrew L. TI Confidence regions for comparison of two normal samples SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bartlett correction; Behrens-Fisher problem; Higher order inference; Minimum area region ID LIKELIHOOD; INFERENCE; EQUALITY; SETS AB The comparison of two normal populations is considered when one is interested not only in the difference between the means but also in the ratio of the variances. Several joint confidence regions for these two parameters are obtained. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rukhin, Andrew L.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7152 EI 1879-2103 J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT JI Stat. Probab. Lett. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 119 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.spl.2016.08.011 PG 8 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA EA2KI UT WOS:000386420800035 ER PT J AU Sundman, B Kattner, UR Sigli, C Stratmann, M Le Tellier, R Palumbo, M Fries, SG AF Sundman, Bo Kattner, Ursula R. Sigli, Christophe Stratmann, Matthias Le Tellier, Romain Palumbo, Mauro Fries, Suzana G. TI The OpenCalphad thermodynamic software interface SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Computational Thermodynamics; CALPHAD; Phase transformations; Simulations; Parallel computing; Free software ID PHASE-FIELD MODEL; SOLIDIFICATION; SIMULATION; DIFFUSION; DIAGRAMS; ALLOYS; SYSTEM AB Thermodynamic data are needed for all kinds of simulations of materials processes. Thermodynamics determines the set of stable phases and also provides chemical potentials, compositions and driving forces for nucleation of new phases and phase transformations. Software to simulate materials properties needs accurate and consistent thermodynamic data to predict metastable states that occur during phase transformations. Due to long calculation times thermodynamic data are frequently pre-calculated into "lookup tables" to speed up calculations. This creates additional uncertainties as data must be interpolated or extrapolated and conditions may differ from those assumed for creating the lookup table. Speed and accuracy requires that thermodynamic software is fully parallelized and the OpenCalphad (OC) software is the first thermodynamic software supporting this feature. This paper gives a brief introduction to computational thermodynamics and introduces the basic features of the OC software and presents four different application examples to demonstrate its versatility. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sundman, Bo] CEA Saclay, INSTN, Saclay, France. [Kattner, Ursula R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sigli, Christophe] Constellium Technol Ctr, CS 10027, F-38341 Voreppe, France. [Stratmann, Matthias; Fries, Suzana G.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Bochum, Germany. [Le Tellier, Romain] CEA, DEN, DTN SMTA LPMA Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Palumbo, Mauro] SISSA, Trieste, Italy. RP Sundman, B (reprint author), CEA Saclay, INSTN, Saclay, France. EM bo.sundman@gmail.com FU Humboldt Foundation FX One author (BS) is grateful for a senior research grant from the Humboldt Foundation. Commercial products are identified for reference purposes this does not imply an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 125 BP 188 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2016.08.045 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DZ4NN UT WOS:000385835500022 PM 28260838 ER PT J AU DeLorenzo, ME Eckmann, CA Chung, KW Key, PB Fulton, MH AF DeLorenzo, M. E. Eckmann, C. A. Chung, K. W. Key, P. B. Fulton, M. H. TI Effects of salinity on oil dispersant toxicity in the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Oil dispersants; Estuarine; Shrimp; Toxicity; Salinity ID LITOPENAEUS-VANNAMEI; STRESS-RESPONSE; WHITE SHRIMP; DIESEL-OIL; CADMIUM; GILLS; EXPOSURE; IMPACTS; MARINE; BOONE AB Chemical dispersants can be a useful tool to mitigate oil spills, but the potential risks to sensitive estuarine species should be carefully considered. To improve the decision making process, more information is needed regarding the effects of oil spill dispersants on the health of coastal ecosystems under variable environmental conditions such as salinity. The effects of salinity on the toxicity of two oil dispersants, Corexit (R) 9500 and Finasol (R) OSR 52, were examined in this study. Corexit (R) 9500 was the primary dispersant used during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill event, while Finasol (R) OSR 52 is another dispersant approved for oil spill response in the U.S., yet considerably less is known regarding its toxicity to estuarine species. The grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, was used as a model estuarine species. It is a euryhaline species that tolerates salinities from brackish to full strength seawater. Adult and larval life stages were tested with each dispersant at three salinities, 5, 20, and 30 ppt. Median acute lethal toxicity thresholds and oxidative stress responses were determined. The toxicity of both dispersants was significantly influenced by salinity, with greatest toxicity observed at the lowest salinity tested. Larval shrimp were significantly more sensitive than adult shrimp to both dispersants, and both life stages were significantly more sensitive to Finasol than to Corexit. Oxidative stress in adult shrimp, as measured by increased lipid peroxidation activity, occurred with exposure to both dispersants. These data will assist environmental managers in making informed decisions regarding dispersant use in future oil spills. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [DeLorenzo, M. E.; Chung, K. W.; Key, P. B.; Fulton, M. H.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Eckmann, C. A.] Univ South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA. RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov FU NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Undergraduate Scholarship Program FX We thank Veronica Lance and Pamela Betancourt for their assistance with this project. We appreciate helpful manuscript reviews by A.K. Leight, Paul Pennington, and Emily Pisarski. Funding for Charlotte Eckmann's participation was provided in part by the NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Undergraduate Scholarship Program. The NOAA, National Ocean Service does not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 37 U2 37 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 EI 1090-2414 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 256 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.09.008 PN 1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DZ1OJ UT WOS:000385607400031 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Li, XF Bao, SW Pietrafesa, LJ AF Xu, Qing Li, Xiaofeng Bao, Shaowu Pietrafesa, Leonard J. TI SAR Observation and Numerical Simulation of Mountain Lee Waves Near Kuril Islands Forced by an Extratropical Cyclone SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Synthetic aperture radar (SAR); waves; wind ID ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; SYNTHETIC-APERTURE-RADAR; SEA-SURFACE WIND; IMAGES; TURBULENCE; MODEL AB Several groups of atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) were observed on a Sentinel-1A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image acquired near the Kuril Islands in the Northwest Pacific Ocean on June 1, 2015 during the passage of an extratropical cyclone (ETC). These waves occurred on the lee side of the mountains located on the islands. Both diverging and transverse waves with wavelengths ranging between 20 and 30 km are shown as alternating bright-dark patterns in the SAR image. For the diverging waves, there exists a prominent asymmetry in the wave motions of the two arms. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus images acquired 5-7 h prior to the Sentinel-1A pass also contain the same groups of AGWs. The mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation confirms that the AGWs are lee waves triggered by the airflow over the islands. AGWs are aligned perpendicular to the wind direction and locked on the lee side of the islands. The life span of the waves is about two days, consistent with that of the ETC over the region. The numerical model also successfully reproduces the main characteristics of the lee waves. Simulation results demonstrate that the variation in the wave parameters (i.e., wavelength, amplitude, orientation, wedge angle of the diverging wave, and vertical propagation characteristic) and the wave asymmetry of the diverging wave are mainly caused by the wind and stratification changes. The smaller amplitude of the diverging wave seems to be associated with a smaller Froude number. C1 [Xu, Qing] Hohai Univ, Coll Oceanog, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xu, Qing] Hohai Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Coast Ocean Resources Dev & Envir, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] Global Sci & Technol Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Bao, Shaowu; Pietrafesa, Leonard J.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Sch Coastal & Marine Syst Sci, Conway, SC 29528 USA. [Pietrafesa, Leonard J.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41576168]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Ocean Science); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Hohai University) [2015B15914] FX This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41576168, by the project of the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Ocean Science), and by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Hohai University) under Grant 2015B15914. (Corresponding author: Xiaofeng Li.) NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2016 VL 54 IS 12 BP 7157 EP 7165 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2596678 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DZ2ZW UT WOS:000385713500028 ER PT J AU Rubinson, KA Chen, Y Cress, BF Zhang, FM Linhardt, RJ AF Rubinson, Kenneth A. Chen, Yin Cress, Brady F. Zhang, Fuming Linhardt, Robert J. TI Heparin's solution structure determined by small-angle neutron scattering SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE aqueous solution structure; counter ion concentration effects; heparin; polyelectrolyte collapse; secondary structure ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; HIGHLY-CHARGED POLYELECTROLYTES; CONFORMATION; COLLAPSE; ACID; NMR AB Heparin is a linear, anionic polysaccharide that is widely used as a clinical anticoagulant. Despite its discovery 100 years ago in 1916, the solution structure of heparin remains unknown. The solution shape of heparin has not previously been examined in water under a range of concentrations, and here is done so in D2O solution using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Solutions of 10 kDa heparin-in the millimolar concentration range-were probed with SANS. Our results show that when sodium concentrations are equivalent to the polyelectrolyte's charge or up to a few hundred millimoles higher, the molecular structure of heparin is compact and the shape could be well modeled by a cylinder with a length three to four times its diameter. In the presence of molar concentrations of sodium, the molecule becomes extended to nearly its full length estimated from reported X-ray measurements on stretched fibers. This stretched form is not found in the presence of molar concentrations of potassium ions. In this high-potassium environment, the heparin molecules have the same shape as when its charges were mostly protonated at pD approximate to 0.5, that is, they are compact and approximately half the length of the extended molecules. C1 [Rubinson, Kenneth A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rubinson, Kenneth A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Chen, Yin] Zhejiang Ocean Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Chen, Yin; Cress, Brady F.; Zhang, Fuming; Linhardt, Robert J.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Biotechnol & Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Rubinson, KA (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Linhardt, RJ (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Biotechnol & Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM rubinson@wright.edu; linhar@rpi.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249]; National Institutes of Health [HL094463, GM102137, HL62244, HL096972] FX We wish to thank the following people at NIST for helpful discussions during the course of this work: Tom Allison, Susan Krueger, Chuck Majkrzak, Boualem Hammouda, and Dan Neumann. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. The authors at RPI are grateful for support from the National Institutes of Health (HL094463, GM102137, HL62244, and HL096972). NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3525 EI 1097-0282 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD DEC PY 2016 VL 105 IS 12 BP 905 EP 913 DI 10.1002/bip.22936 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA DX8VT UT WOS:000384669300002 PM 27543274 ER PT J AU Kaipa, KN Kankanhalli-Nagendra, AS Kumbla, NB Shriyam, S Thevendria-Karthic, SS Marvel, JA Gupta, SK AF Kaipa, Krishnanand N. Kankanhalli-Nagendra, Akshaya S. Kumbla, Nithyananda B. Shriyam, Shaurya Thevendria-Karthic, Srudeep Somnaath Marvel, Jeremy A. Gupta, Satyandra K. TI Addressing perception uncertainty induced failure modes in robotic bin-picking SO ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article ID MANIPULATION; PARTS; RECOGNITION; EXPLORATION; SYSTEMS; GRASP AB We present a comprehensive approach to handle perception uncertainty to reduce failure rates in robotic bin-picking. Our focus is on mixed-bins. We identify the main failure modes at various stages of the bin picking task and present methods to recover from them. If uncertainty in part detection leads to perception failure, then human intervention is invoked. Our approach estimates the confidence in the part match provided by an automated perception system, which is used to detect perception failures. Human intervention is also invoked if uncertainty in estimated part location and orientation leads to a singulation planning failure. We have developed a user interface that enables remote human interventions when necessary. Finally, if uncertainty in part posture in the gripper leads to failure in placing the part with the desired accuracy, sensor-less fine-positioning moves are used to correct the final placement errors. We have developed a fine-positioning planner with a suite of fine-motion strategies that offer different tradeoffs between completion time and postural accuracy at the destination. We report our observations from system characterization experiments with a dual-armed Baxter robot, equipped with a Ensenso three-dimensional camera, to perform bin-picking on mixed-bins. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaipa, Krishnanand N.; Kankanhalli-Nagendra, Akshaya S.; Kumbla, Nithyananda B.; Shriyam, Shaurya; Thevendria-Karthic, Srudeep Somnaath] Univ Maryland, Maryland Robot Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Marvel, Jeremy A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Southern Calif, Ctr Adv Mfg, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Gupta, SK (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Ctr Adv Mfg, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM jeremy.marvel@nist.gov; skgupta@usc.edu FU National Science Foundation [1200087, 1527220]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Cooperative Agreement [70NANB15H250] FX This work is supported in part by National Science Foundation Grants #1200087 and #1527220 and National Institute of Standards and Technology Cooperative Agreement #70NANB15H250. Opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect opinions of the sponsors. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 61 U2 63 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5845 EI 1879-2537 J9 ROBOT CIM-INT MANUF JI Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 42 BP 17 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.rcim.2016.05.002 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA DT5QD UT WOS:000381536800002 ER PT J AU Heenan, A Hoey, AS Williams, GJ Williams, ID AF Heenan, Adel Hoey, Andrew S. Williams, Gareth J. Williams, Ivor D. TI Natural bounds on herbivorous coral reef fishes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fish biomass; functional group; herbivore; human drivers; natural drivers; Pacific Ocean ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GRAZING FISHES; TROPHIC STATUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE; PARROTFISH; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; SHELF AB Humans are an increasingly dominant driver of Earth's biological communities, but differentiating human impacts from natural drivers of ecosystem state is crucial. Herbivorous fish play a key role in maintaining coral dominance on coral reefs, and are widely affected by human activities, principally fishing. We assess the relative importance of human and biophysical (habitat and oceanographic) drivers on the biomass of five herbivorous functional groups among 33 islands in the central and western Pacific Ocean. Human impacts were clear for some, but not all, herbivore groups. Biomass of browsers, large excavators, and of all herbivores combined declined rapidly with increasing human population density, whereas grazers, scrapers, and detritivores displayed no relationship. Sea-surface temperature had significant but opposing effects on the biomass of detritivores (positive) and browsers (negative). Similarly, the biomass of scrapers, grazers, and detritivores correlated with habitat structural complexity; however, relationships were group specific. Finally, the biomass of browsers and large excavators was related to island geomorphology, both peaking on low-lying islands and atolls. The substantial variability in herbivore populations explained by natural biophysical drivers highlights the need for locally appropriate management targets on coral reefs. C1 [Heenan, Adel] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hoey, Andrew S.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Williams, Gareth J.] Bangor Univ, Sch Ocean Sci, Anglesey LL59 5AB, Wales. [Heenan, Adel; Williams, Ivor D.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Heenan, A (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.; Heenan, A (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM adel.heenan@gmail.com OI Heenan, Adel/0000-0002-8307-5352 FU CRCP grant [828] FX Data collection was supported by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Programme (http://coralreef.noaa.gov). The research was supported by a CRCP grant no. (828) (A.H.). NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 30 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1843 AR 20161716 DI 10.1098/rspb.2016.1716 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EF5DC UT WOS:000390349900009 ER PT J AU Talin, AA Ruzmetov, D Kolmakov, A McKelvey, K Ware, N El Gabaly, F Dunn, B White, HS AF Talin, A. Alec Ruzmetov, Dmitry Kolmakov, Andrei McKelvey, Kim Ware, Nicholas El Gabaly, Farid Dunn, Bruce White, Henry S. TI Fabrication, Testing, and Simulation of All-Solid-State Three-Dimensional Li-Ion Batteries SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE solid-state battery; three-dimensional; thin film; inhomogeneity; experiment and modeling ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; MICROBATTERIES; ARRAYS; CATHODES; LICOO2 AB Demonstration of three-dimensional all-solid-state Li-ion batteries (3D SSLIBs) has been a long-standing goal for numerous researchers in the battery community interested in developing high power and high areal energy density storage solutions for a variety of applications. Ideally, the 3D geometry maximizes the volume of active material per unit area, while keeping its thickness small to allow for fast Li diffusion. In this paper, we describe experimental testing and simulation of 3D SSLIBs fabricated using materials and thin-film deposition methods compatible with semiconductor device processing. These 3D SSLIBs consist of Si microcolumns onto which the battery layers are sequentially deposited using physical vapor deposition. The power performance of the 3D SSLIBs lags significantly behind that of similarly prepared planar SSLIBs. Analysis of the experimental results using finite element modeling indicates that the origin of the poor power performance is the structural inhomogeneity of the 3D SSLIB, coupled with low electrolyte ionic conductivity and diffusion rate in the cathode, which lead to highly nonuniform internal current density distribution and poor cathode utilization. C1 [Talin, A. Alec; El Gabaly, Farid] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Ruzmetov, Dmitry; Kolmakov, Andrei] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McKelvey, Kim; White, Henry S.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ware, Nicholas; Dunn, Bruce] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ruzmetov, Dmitry] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Talin, AA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM aatalin@sandia.gov RI Kolmakov, Andrei/B-1460-2017 OI Kolmakov, Andrei/0000-0001-5299-4121 FU Science of Precision Multifunctional Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160]; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX A.A.T., KM., N.W., F.E.G., B.D., and H.S.W. were supported by the Science of Precision Multifunctional Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under award DESC0001160. The authors acknowledge CNST NIST NanoFab personnel for help in fabrications and tests of the 3D batteries. D.R acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 58 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD NOV 30 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 47 BP 32385 EP 32391 DI 10.1021/acsami.6b12244 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA ED9AF UT WOS:000389161600033 PM 27933836 ER PT J AU Wall, ML Safavi-Naini, A Rey, AM AF Wall, Michael L. Safavi-Naini, Arghavan Rey, Ana Maria TI Simulating generic spin-boson models with matrix product states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MANY-BODY SYSTEMS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS; RANGE INTERACTIONS; HOLSTEIN MODEL; TIME EVOLUTION; TRAPPED IONS; DYNAMICS; ENTANGLEMENT; COMPUTATION AB The global coupling of few-level quantum systems ("spins") to a discrete set of bosonic modes is a key ingredient for many applications in quantum science, including large-scale entanglement generation, quantum simulation of the dynamics of long-range interacting spin models, and hybrid platforms for force and spin sensing. We present a general numerical framework for treating the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of such models based on matrix product states. Our approach applies for generic spin-boson systems: it treats any spatial and operator dependence of the two-body spin-boson coupling and places no restrictions on relative energy scales. We show that the full counting statistics of collective spin measurements and infidelity of quantum simulation due to spin-boson entanglement, both of which are difficult to obtain by other techniques, are readily calculable in our approach. We benchmark our method using a recently developed exact solution for a particular spin-boson coupling relevant to trapped ion quantum simulators. Finally, we show how decoherence can be incorporated within our framework using the method of quantum trajectories, and study the dynamics of an open-system spin-boson model with spatially nonuniform spin-boson coupling relevant for trapped atomic ion crystals in the presence of molecular ion impurities. C1 [Wall, Michael L.] NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wall, Michael L.] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Wall, ML (reprint author), NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Wall, ML (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. FU NSF-PHY [1521080]; ARO; MURI-AFOSR; AFOSR; NRC postdoctoral program; [JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844] FX We would like to acknowledge useful discussions with Justin Bohnet, John Bollinger, Johannes Schachenmayer, Zhexuan Gong, and Phil Richerme, and support from NSF-PHY 1521080, JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844, ARO, MURI-AFOSR, and AFOSR. M.L.W. thanks the NRC postdoctoral program for support. NR 105 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 30 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 5 AR 053637 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.053637 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA ED4JU UT WOS:000388814700008 ER PT J AU Knutson, TR Zhang, R Horowitz, LW AF Knutson, Thomas R. Zhang, Rong Horowitz, Larry W. TI Prospects for a prolonged slowdown in global warming in the early 21st century SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HIATUS; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS; PERIODS; OCEAN AB Global mean temperature over 1998 to 2015 increased at a slower rate (0.1 K decade(-1)) compared with the ensemble mean (forced) warming rate projected by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models (0.2 K decade(-1)). Here we investigate the prospects for this slower rate to persist for a decade or more. The slower rate could persist if the transient climate response is overestimated by CMIP5 models by a factor of two, as suggested by recent low-end estimates. Alternatively, using CMIP5 models' warming rate, the slower rate could still persist due to strong multidecadal internal variability cooling. Combining the CMIP5 ensemble warming rate with internal variability episodes from a single climate model-having the strongest multidecadal variability among CMIP5 models-we estimate that the warming slowdown (<0.1 K decade(-1) trend beginning in 1998) could persist, due to internal variability cooling, through 2020, 2025 or 2030 with probabilities 16%, 11% and 6%, respectively. C1 [Knutson, Thomas R.; Zhang, Rong; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Knutson, TR (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Tom.Knutson@noaa.gov OI Knutson, Thomas/0000-0003-4541-519X; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD NOV 30 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 13676 DI 10.1038/ncomms13676 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ED4EQ UT WOS:000388800800001 PM 27901045 ER PT J AU Nguyen, HQ Hollen, SM Shainline, J Xu, JM Valles, JM AF Nguyen, H. Q. Hollen, S. M. Shainline, J. Xu, J. M. Valles, J. M., Jr. TI Driving a Superconductor to Insulator Transition with Random Gauge Fields SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION ARRAYS; RANDOM MAGNETIC-FIELD; POSITIONAL DISORDER; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ELECTRON-GAS; NETWORKS AB Typically the disorder that alters the interference of particle waves to produce Anderson localization is potential scattering from randomly placed impurities. Here we show that disorder in the form of random gauge fields that act directly on particle phases can also drive localization. We present evidence of a superfluid bose glass to insulator transition at a critical level of this gauge field disorder in a nano-patterned array of amorphous Bi islands. This transition shows signs of metallic transport near the critical point characterized by a resistance similar to 1/2 h/4e(2), indicative of a quantum phase transition. The critical disorder depends on interisland coupling in agreement with recent Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We discuss how this disorder tuned SIT differs from the common frustration tuned SIT that also occurs in magnetic fields. Its discovery enables new high fidelity comparisons between theoretical and experimental studies of disorder effects on quantum critical systems. C1 [Nguyen, H. Q.; Hollen, S. M.; Shainline, J.; Xu, J. M.; Valles, J. M., Jr.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Nguyen, H. Q.] Vietnam Natl Univ, Hanoi Univ Sci, Nano & Energy Ctr, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Hollen, S. M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Shainline, J.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Xu, J. M.] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Valles, JM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM jamesvallesjr@brown.edu FU NSF [DMR-1307290, DMR-0907357]; AFOSR; AOARD; National Foundation for Science and Technology Development FX We have benefitted from discussions with D. Stroud, E. Granato, Dmitri Feldman, H. Y. Hwang, J. Joy, and Xue Zhang. We are grateful for the support of NSF Grants No. DMR-1307290 and No. DMR-0907357 and AFOSR and AOARD and the National Foundation for Science and Technology Development. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 30 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 38166 DI 10.1038/srep38166 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ED6NO UT WOS:000388972500001 PM 27901081 ER PT J AU Yu, Y Nikiforov, AY Kaspar, TC Woicik, JC Ludwig, KF Gopalan, S Pal, UB Basu, SN AF Yu, Yang Nikiforov, Alexey Y. Kaspar, Tiffany C. Woicik, Joseph C. Ludwig, Karl F. Gopalan, Srikanth Pal, Uday B. Basu, Soumendra N. TI Chemical characterization of surface precipitates in La0.7Sr0.3Co0.2Fe0.8O3-delta as cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Solid oxide fuel cells; Strontium doped lanthanum cobalt ferrite; Strontium surface segregation; Transmission electron microscope; Total reflection X-ray fluorescence; Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID PEROVSKITE-TYPE OXIDES; SITU X-RAY; FILM CATHODES; SOFC CATHODES; LA0.6SR0.4CO0.2FE0.8O3-DELTA; DEGRADATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SEGREGATION; PERFORMANCE; TRANSPORT AB In this study, a strontium doped lanthanum cobalt ferrite thin film with 30% Sr on A-site, denoted as La0.7Sr0.3Co0.2Fe0.8O3-delta or LSCF-7328, is investigated before and after annealing at 800 degrees C under CO2 containing atmosphere for 9 h. The formation of secondary phases on surface of post-annealed LSCF-7328 is observed using atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The extent of Sr segregation at the film surface is monitored using the synchrotron-based total reflection Xray fluorescence (TXRF) technique. The bonding environment of the secondary phases formed on the surface is investigated by synchrotron-based hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and related spectroscopy techniques are used for micro structural and quantitative elemental analyses of the secondary phases on surface. These studies reveal that the secondary phases on surface consist of SrO covered with a capping layer of SrCO3. The formation of Co-rich phases is observed on the surface of post-annealed LSCF-7328. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yu, Yang; Ludwig, Karl F.; Gopalan, Srikanth; Pal, Uday B.; Basu, Soumendra N.] Boston Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. [Nikiforov, Alexey Y.] Boston Univ, Photon Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kaspar, Tiffany C.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Woicik, Joseph C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ludwig, Karl F.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Gopalan, Srikanth; Pal, Uday B.; Basu, Soumendra N.] Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Basu, SN (reprint author), Boston Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. EM basu@bu.edu FU DOE SECA program [DEFC2612FE0009656]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work is supported through the DOE SECA program under Grant DEFC2612FE0009656. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a DOE Office of Science User Facility sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The authors acknowledge the use of the FIB/TEM Facility in the Photonics Center of Boston University. The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of Mr. Barry Karlin at NIST. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 37 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 30 PY 2016 VL 333 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.09.166 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA EA2DT UT WOS:000386403700027 ER PT J AU Ahrens, C Flege, JI Jaye, C Fischer, DA Schmidt, T Falta, J AF Ahrens, Ch Flege, J. I. Jaye, C. Fischer, D. A. Schmidt, Th Falta, J. TI Isotropic thin PTCDA films on GaN(0001) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE low-energy electron diffraction; x-ray photoemission electron; spectroscopy; scanning tunneling microscopy; gallium nitride; molecular beam epitaxy; organic semiconductors; PTCDA ID TERMINATED SI(111) SUBSTRATE; ENERGY-ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; LARGE AROMATIC-MOLECULES; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; DIANHYDRIDE PTCDA; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; ISLAND GROWTH; SURFACES; CRYSTALS AB The growth of 3, 4, 9, 10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) on the Ga-polar GaN(0 0 0 1) surface has been studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), spot profile analysis low-energy electron diffraction (SPA-LEED), near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The stoichiometric ratios derived from XPS indicate that the molecules remain intact upon adsorption on the surface. Furthermore, no chemical shifts can be observed in the C 1s and O 1s core levels with progressing deposition of PTCDA, suggesting none or only weak interactions between the molecules and the substrate. NEXAFS data indicate the PTCDA molecules being oriented with their molecular plane parallel to the surface. High-resolution STM shows PTCDA islands of irregular shape on the sub-micron scale, and together with corresponding SPA-LEED data reveals a lateral ordering of the molecules that is compatible with the presence of (1 0 2) oriented PTCDA nano-crystals. SPA-LEED moreover clearly shows the presence of homogeneously distributed rotational domains of two-dimensionally isotropic PTCDA. C1 [Ahrens, Ch; Flege, J. I.; Schmidt, Th; Falta, J.] Univ Bremen, Inst Solid State Phys, POB 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Jaye, C.; Fischer, D. A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Falta, J (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Solid State Phys, POB 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. EM falta@ifp.uni-bremen.de OI Falta, Jens/0000-0002-4154-822X; Flege, Jan Ingo/0000-0002-8346-6863 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 30 PY 2016 VL 28 IS 47 AR 475003 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/28/47/475003 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DY9HO UT WOS:000385444700003 ER PT J AU West, RM Semancik, S AF West, R. M. Semancik, S. TI Interpenetrating polyaniline-gold electrodes for SERS and electrochemical measurements SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Electrodeposition; Polyaniline; Nanostructured gold; SERS; Bimodal; Biosensing ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPOSITES; ADSORPTION; BIOSENSORS; REDUCTION; MEMORY AB Facile fabrication of nanostructured electrode arrays is critical for development of bimodal SERS and electrochemical biosensors. In this paper, the variation of applied potential at a polyaniline-coated Pt electrode is used to selectivity deposit Au on the polyaniline amine sites or on the underlying Pt electrode. By alternating the applied potential, the Au is grown simultaneously from the top and the bottom of the polyaniline film, leading to an interpenetrated, nanostructured polymer-metal composite extending from the Pt electrode to the electrolyte solution. The resulting films have unique pH-dependent electrochemical properties, e.g. they retain electrochemical activity in both acidic and neutral solutions, and they also include SERS-active nanostructures. By varying the concentration of chloroaurate used during deposition, Au nanoparticles, nanodendrites, or nanosheets can be selectively grown. For the films deposited under optimal conditions, using 5 mmol/L chloroaurate, the SERS enhancement factor for Rhodamine 6G was found to be as high as 1.1 x 106 with spot-to-spot and electrode-to-electrode relative standard deviations as low as 8% and 12%, respectively. The advantages of the reported PANI-Au composite electrodes lie in their facile fabrication, enabling the targeted deposition of tunable nanostructures on sensing arrays, and their ability to produce orthogonal optical and electrochemical analytical results. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [West, R. M.] Univ San Francisco, Dept Chem, 2130 Fulton St, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. [Semancik, S.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP West, RM (reprint author), Univ San Francisco, Dept Chem, 2130 Fulton St, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. EM rmwest2@usfca.edu FU NIST Postdoctoral Research Associateship Award FX The authors thank Christopher Montgomery and Michael Carrier for advice and assistance during the fabrication of the electrode array. The authors also thank Aaron Urbas for assistance with the SERS measurements. Research was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. R. M. W. was supported by a NIST Postdoctoral Research Associateship Award administered through the National Research Council. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 41 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 EI 1873-5584 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV 30 PY 2016 VL 387 BP 260 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.06.073 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA DT1OD UT WOS:000381251100031 ER PT J AU Hedberg, T Krima, S AF Hedberg, Thomas Krima, Sylvere TI Digital Manufacturing Certificate Toolkit: Adding Trust and Traceability to Product Data SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE data traceability; digital signatures; trustworthiness C1 [Hedberg, Thomas] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krima, Sylvere] Engisis LLC, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Hedberg, T (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.hedberg@nist.gov; sylvere.krima@engisis.com OI Hedberg Jr, Thomas/0000-0002-9024-2059 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV 29 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 505 EP 506 DI 10.6028/jres.121.027 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EF9OU UT WOS:000390660300001 ER PT J AU Eldredge, Z Solano, P Chang, D Gorshkov, AV AF Eldredge, Zachary Solano, Pablo Chang, Darrick Gorshkov, Alexey V. TI Self-organization of atoms coupled to a chiral reservoir SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NANOPHOTONIC WAVE-GUIDE; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; OPTICAL NANOFIBERS; COLD ATOMS; LIGHT; LATTICES; SPIN; INTERFACE; SYSTEMS AB Tightly confined modes of light, as in optical nanofibers or photonic crystal waveguides, can lead to large optical coupling in atomic systems, which mediates long-range interactions between atoms. These one-dimensional systems can naturally possess couplings that are asymmetric between modes propagating in different directions. Strong long-range interaction among atoms via these modes can drive them to a self-organized periodic distribution. In this paper, we examine the self-organizing behavior of atoms in one dimension coupled to a chiral reservoir. We determine the solution to the equations of motion in different parameter regimes, relative to both the detuning of the pump laser that initializes the atomic dipole-dipole interactions and the degree of reservoir chirality. In addition, we calculate possible experimental signatures such as reflectivity from self-organized atoms and motional sidebands. C1 [Eldredge, Zachary; Solano, Pablo; Gorshkov, Alexey V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Eldredge, Zachary; Gorshkov, Alexey V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chang, Darrick] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, Castelldefels 08860, Barcelona, Spain. RP Eldredge, Z (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Eldredge, Z (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Solano, Pablo/H-5696-2013 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; FU NSF PFC at the JQI; AFOSR; NSF QIS; ARO; ARL CDQI; ARO MURI; ERC Starting Grant FOQAL; MINECO Plan Nacional and Severo Ochoa programs; Fundacio Privada Cellex FX This work was supported by the NSF PFC at the JQI, AFOSR, NSF QIS, ARO, ARL CDQI, ARO MURI, ERC Starting Grant FOQAL, the MINECO Plan Nacional and Severo Ochoa programs, and Fundacio Privada Cellex. The authors would like to thank Luis Orozco and Steve Rolston for input on experimental considerations, and Christopher Jarzynski, Eugene Polzik, Phillip Schneeweiss, and Ana Asenjo for discussions. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 29 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 5 AR 053855 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.053855 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA ED4JS UT WOS:000388814500011 ER PT J AU Cheng, W Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E Bitz, CM Ladd, C Stabeno, PJ AF Cheng, Wei Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Edward Bitz, Cecilia M. Ladd, Carol Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI Diagnostic sea ice predictability in the pan-Arctic and US Arctic regional seas SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; THICKNESS; CLIMATE; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; REEMERGENCE; TRENDS; MODEL; GCM AB This study assesses sea ice predictability in the pan-Arctic and U.S. Arctic regional (Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort) seas with a purpose of understanding regional differences from the pan-Arctic perspective and how predictability might change under changing climate. Lagged correlation is derived using existing output from the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM-LE), Pan-Arctic Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System, and NOAA Coupled Forecast System Reanalysis models. While qualitatively similar, quantitative differences exist in Arctic ice area lagged correlation in models with or without data assimilation. On regional scales, modeled ice area lagged correlations are strongly location and season dependent. A robust feature in the CESM-LE is that the pan-Arctic melt-to-freeze season ice area memory intensifies, whereas the freeze-to-melt season memory weakens as climate warms, but there are across-region variations in the sea ice predictability changes with changing climate. C1 [Cheng, Wei] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cheng, Wei; Ladd, Carol; Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Edward; Bitz, Cecilia M.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cheng, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Cheng, W (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM wei.cheng@noaa.gov OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X; Bitz, Cecilia/0000-0002-9477-7499 FU NOAA/OAR under National Earth System Prediction Capability (National ESPC); ONR [N000141310793]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, NA15OAR4320063] FX This material is based on work supported by NOAA/OAR under the auspices of the National Earth System Prediction Capability (National ESPC) and ONR N000141310793. This is NOAA/PMEL publication number 4540. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148 (2010-2015) and NA15OAR4320063 (2015-2020). This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0875 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. Model outputs and satellite data used in this study are all referenced and publicly accessible. The lagged correlation results are available from the authors upon request (wei.cheng@noaa.gov). We thank the modeling groups for making their data available for analysis. We also thank Marika Holland for helpful discussions and Mitch Bushuk and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 22 BP 11688 EP 11696 DI 10.1002/2016GL070735 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EJ4SV UT WOS:000393208100025 ER PT J AU Akhand, A Chanda, A Manna, S Das, S Hazra, S Roy, R Choudhury, SB Rao, KH Dadhwal, VK Chakraborty, K Mostofa, KMG Tokoro, T Kuwae, T Wanninkhof, R AF Akhand, Anirban Chanda, Abhra Manna, Sudip Das, Sourav Hazra, Sugata Roy, Rajdeep Choudhury, S. B. Rao, K. H. Dadhwal, V. K. Chakraborty, Kunal Mostofa, K. M. G. Tokoro, T. Kuwae, Tomohiro Wanninkhof, Rik TI A comparison of CO2 dynamics and air-water fluxes in a river-dominated estuary and a mangrove-dominated marine estuary SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAND-OCEAN BOUNDARY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ORGANIC-MATTER; EUROPEAN ESTUARIES; INDIAN SUNDARBANS; TIDAL CREEK; NE COAST; BAY; SCHELDT; EXCHANGE AB The fugacity of CO2 (fCO(2) (water)) and air-water CO2 flux were compared between a river-dominated anthropogenically disturbed open estuary, the Hugli, and a comparatively pristine mangrove-dominated semiclosed marine estuary, the Matla, on the east coast of India. Annual mean salinity of the Hugli Estuary (approximate to 7.1) was much less compared to the Matla Estuary (approximate to 20.0). All the stations of the Hugli Estuary were highly supersaturated with CO2 (annual mean similar to 2200 mu atm), whereas the Matla was marginally oversaturated (annual mean similar to 530 mu atm). During the postmonsoon season, the outer station of the Matla Estuary was under saturated with respect to CO2 and acted as a sink. The annual mean CO2 emission from the Hugli Estuary (32.4 mol Cm-2 yr(-1)) was 14 times higher than the Matla Estuary (2.3 mol Cm-2 yr(-1)). CO2 efflux rate from the Hugli Estuary has increased drastically in the last decade, which is attributed to increased runoff from the river-dominated estuary. C1 [Akhand, Anirban; Chanda, Abhra; Manna, Sudip; Das, Sourav; Hazra, Sugata] Jadavpur Univ, Sch Oceanog Studies, Kolkata, India. [Akhand, Anirban; Tokoro, T.; Kuwae, Tomohiro] Port & Airport Res Inst, Coastal & Estuarine Environm Res Grp, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. [Roy, Rajdeep; Choudhury, S. B.; Rao, K. H.; Dadhwal, V. K.] Govt India, Dept Space, Natl Remote Sensing Ctr, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Chakraborty, Kunal] Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Mostofa, K. M. G.] Tianjin Univ, Inst Surface Earth Syst Sci, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Akhand, A (reprint author), Jadavpur Univ, Sch Oceanog Studies, Kolkata, India.; Akhand, A (reprint author), Port & Airport Res Inst, Coastal & Estuarine Environm Res Grp, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. EM anirban.akhand@gmail.com OI Chakraborty, Kunal/0000-0001-6940-9355; Dadhwal, Vinay/0000-0001-5084-1367 FU National Remote Sensing Centre; Indian Space Research Organization; Department of Space, Government of India; Strategic R&D Area Project of the Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund (Strategic Research on Global Mitigation and Local Adaptation to Climate Change) [S-14]; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the USA FX Authors are grateful to the funding agencies of this work which include National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, and Department of Space, Government of India. The work was partly supported by the Strategic R&D Area Project (S-14) of the Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund (Strategic Research on Global Mitigation and Local Adaptation to Climate Change). R.W. was supported by the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the USA. The entire data set is annexed in Data Set S1 in the supporting information. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 22 BP 11726 EP 11735 DI 10.1002/2016GL070716 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EJ4SV UT WOS:000393208100029 ER PT J AU Evans, S Ginoux, P Malyshev, S Shevliakova, E AF Evans, Stuart Ginoux, Paul Malyshev, Sergey Shevliakova, Elena TI Climate-vegetation interaction and amplification of Australian dust variability SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL VARIABILITY; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; SATELLITE; AEROSOLS; MONSOON; MODEL AB Observations show that Australian dust activity varies by a factor of 4 on decadal timescales. General circulation models, however, typically fail to simulate this variability. Here we introduce a new dust parameterization into the NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory climate model CM3 that represents land surface processes controlling dust sources including soil water and ice, snow cover, vegetation characteristics, and land type. In an additional novel step, we couple this new dust parameterization to the dynamic vegetation model LM3. In Australia, the new parameterization amplifies the magnitude and timescale of dust variability and better simulates the El Nino-Southern Oscillation-dust relationship by more than doubling its strength. We attribute these improvements primarily to the slow response time of vegetation to precipitation anomalies and show that vegetation changes account for approximately 50% of enhanced dust emission during El Nino events. The amplified dust leads to radiative forcing over Australia greater than -1 and -20W/m(2) at top of atmosphere and surface, respectively. C1 [Evans, Stuart; Shevliakova, Elena] Princeton Univ, Princeton Environm Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ginoux, Paul; Shevliakova, Elena] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Malyshev, Sergey] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Evans, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Environm Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM smevans@princeton.edu OI Evans, Stuart/0000-0002-1873-0752 FU Princeton Environmental Institute at Princeton University through the Carbon Mitigation Initiative FX We are grateful to John Dunne and John Wilson for providing helpful commentary on the manuscript and Niki Zadeh and Larry Horowitz for modeling assistance. The MODIS Deep Blue aerosol product was acquired from the Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC), while the GPCP data were acquired from Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Group, both located in the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD. The data products associated with this paper can be obtained by contacting first author Stuart Evans. This research has been funded by the Princeton Environmental Institute at Princeton University through the Carbon Mitigation Initiative. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 22 BP 11823 EP 11830 DI 10.1002/2016GL071016 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EJ4SV UT WOS:000393208100040 ER PT J AU Tagliabue, A Resing, J AF Tagliabue, Alessandro Resing, Joseph TI Impact of hydrothermalism on the ocean iron cycle SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE hydrothermalism; ocean biogeochemistry; ocean iron cycle; ocean carbon cycle; ocean ventilation ID SOUTH-PACIFIC OCEAN; DISSOLVED IRON; ORGANIC COMPLEXATION; GEOTRACES GA03; VENT FIELDS; ATLANTIC; CARBON; PLUME; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; RIDGES AB As the iron supplied from hydrothermalism is ultimately ventilated in the iron-limited Southern Ocean, it plays an important role in the ocean biological carbon pump. We deploy a set of focused sensitivity experiments with a state of the art global model of the ocean to examine the processes that regulate the lifetime of hydrothermal iron and the role of different ridge systems in governing the hydrothermal impact on the Southern Ocean biological carbon pump. Using GEOTRACES section data, we find that stabilization of hydrothermal iron is important in some, but not all regions. The impact on the Southern Ocean biological carbon pump is dominated by poorly explored southern ridge systems, highlighting the need for future exploration in this region. We find inter-basin differences in the isopycnal layer onto which hydrothermal Fe is supplied between the Atlantic and Pacific basins, which when combined with the inter-basin contrasts in oxidation kinetics suggests a muted influence of Atlantic ridges on the Southern Ocean biological carbon pump. Ultimately, we present a range of processes, operating at distinct scales, that must be better constrained to improve our understanding of how hydrothermalism affects the ocean cycling of iron and carbon. This article is part of the themed issue 'Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry'. C1 [Tagliabue, Alessandro] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Resing, Joseph] NOAA PMEL, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Resing, Joseph] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Tagliabue, A (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. EM a.tagliabue@liverpool.ac.uk OI Tagliabue, Alessandro/0000-0002-3572-3634 NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD NOV 28 PY 2016 VL 374 IS 2081 AR 20150291 DI 10.1098/rsta.2015.0291 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EG6FM UT WOS:000391139900006 ER PT J AU Dahal, A Gunasekera, J Harriger, L Lee, SH Hor, YS Singh, DJ Singh, DK AF Dahal, Ashutosh Gunasekera, Jagath Harriger, Leland Lee, S. H. Hor, Y. S. Singh, David J. Singh, Deepak K. TI Intermediate regime between metal and superconductor below T=100 K in NiSi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NICKEL; IRON; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SEMICONDUCTOR; DIAMAGNETISM; TECHNOLOGY; SILICIDES; CMOS; GAP AB Magnetic response of a metal to an external magnetic field remains independent of the frequency of an ac magnetic field as temperature is reduced. Here, we report the discovery of an anomalous but enormous enhancement of the ac frequency dependent diamagnetic susceptibility below T similar or equal to 100 K in metallic NiSi. In addition, magnetic measurements of NiSi in applied magnetic field depict strong irreversibility in the diamagnetic responses of zero-field cooled and field cooled curves below T similar or equal to 55 K. Even though the metallic behavior of NiSi is primarily manifested to the lowest temperature of T = 1.5 K, a small downward cusp around T similar or equal to 75 K is also detected in electrical measurement. These observations suggest the existence of a minority superconducting phase in NiSi, which bridges the gap between metal and superconductor. Consequently, this novel intermediate regime provides a new perspective to the development of unconventional superconductors. C1 [Dahal, Ashutosh; Gunasekera, Jagath; Singh, David J.; Singh, Deepak K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Harriger, Leland] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, S. H.; Hor, Y. S.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Singh, DK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM singhdk@missouri.edu FU Department of Commerce; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0014461]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1255607] FX We thank W. Montfrooij for helpful discussion and experimental assistance. This work used facilities supported in part by the Department of Commerce. D.K.S. gratefully acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Grant No. DE-SC0014461. Y.S.H. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1255607. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 28 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 18 AR 184516 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.184516 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA ED4KH UT WOS:000388816200015 ER PT J AU Ames, CL Ryan, JF Bely, AE Cartwright, P Collins, AG AF Ames, Cheryl Lewis Ryan, Joseph F. Bely, Alexandra E. Cartwright, Paulyn Collins, Allen G. TI A new transcriptome and transcriptome profiling of adult and larval tissue in the box jellyfish Alatina alata: an emerging model for studying venom, vision and sex (vol 17, 650, 2016) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Ames, Cheryl Lewis; Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ames, Cheryl Lewis] Univ Maryland, Biol Sci Grad Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ryan, Joseph F.] Univ Florida, Whitney Lab Marine Biosci, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. [Ryan, Joseph F.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bely, Alexandra E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cartwright, Paulyn] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NOAA Fisheries, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Ames, Cheryl Lewis] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ames, CL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA.; Ames, CL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Biol Sci Grad Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM amesc@si.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 28 PY 2016 VL 17 AR 980 DI 10.1186/s12864-016-3305-y PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA ED3UI UT WOS:000388773600003 ER PT J AU Chaney, NW Herman, JD Ek, MB Wood, EF AF Chaney, Nathaniel W. Herman, Jonathan D. Ek, Michael B. Wood, Eric F. TI Deriving global parameter estimates for the Noah land surface model using FLUXNET and machine learning SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SOIL HYDROLOGY; CLIMATE MODELS; PREDICTION; LAYER; EVAPORATION; VALIDATION; VEGETATION; MOISTURE AB With their origins in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling, land surface models aim to accurately partition the surface energy balance. An overlooked challenge in these schemes is the role of modelparameter uncertainty, particularly at unmonitored sites. This study provides global parameter estimates for the Noah land surface model using 85 eddy covariance sites in the global FLUXNET network. The at-site parameters are first calibrated using a Latin Hypercube-based ensemble of the most sensitive parameters, determined by the Sobol method, to be the minimum stomatal resistance (r(s,min)), the Zilitinkevich empirical constant (C-zil), and the bare soil evaporation exponent (fx(exp)). Calibration leads to an increase in the mean Kling-Gupta Efficiency performance metric from 0.54 to 0.71. These calibrated parameter sets are then related to local environmental characteristics using the Extra-Trees machine learning algorithm. The fitted Extra-Trees model is used to map the optimal parameter sets over the globe at a 5 km spatial resolution. The leave-one-out cross validation of the mapped parameters using the Noah land surface model suggests that there is the potential to skillfully relate calibrated model parameter sets to local environmental characteristics. The results demonstrate the potential to use FLUXNET to tune the parameterizations of surface fluxes in land surface models and to provide improved parameter estimates over the globe. C1 [Chaney, Nathaniel W.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Herman, Jonathan D.] UC, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA USA. [Ek, Michael B.] NOAA, EMC, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. [Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Chaney, NW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM nchaney@princeton.edu FU NOAA [NA11OAR4310175] FX This study was supported by funding from NOAA grant NA11OAR4310175 (Improving land evaporative processes and land-atmosphere interactions in the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) and Climate Forecast System (CFS)). We wish to give a special thanks to the FLUXNET community for making the free fair-use subset of the La Thuile database available for this study. The data used in this study are hosted at Princeton University and are available from the authors upon request (nchaney@princeton.edu). NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 22 BP 13218 EP 13235 DI 10.1002/2016JD024821 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EJ3QX UT WOS:000393127800002 ER PT J AU Yi, BQ Yang, P Liu, QH van Delst, P Boukabara, SA Weng, FZ AF Yi, Bingqi Yang, Ping Liu, Quanhua van Delst, Paul Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed Weng, Fuzhong TI Improvements on the ice cloud modeling capabilities of the Community Radiative Transfer Model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SCATTERING PROPERTIES; T-MATRIX METHOD; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CIRRUS CLOUDS; MIDLATITUDE CIRRUS; CLIMATE MODELS; CRYSTALS; PARAMETERIZATION; PARTICLES AB Noticeable improvements on the ice cloud modeling capabilities of the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) are reported, which are based on the most recent advances in understanding ice cloud microphysical (particularly, ice particle habit/shape characteristics) and optical properties. The new CRTM ice cloud model is derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) collection 6 ice cloud habit model, which represents ice particles as severely roughened hexagonal ice column aggregates with a gamma size distribution. The single-scattering properties of the new ice particle model are derived from a state-of-the-art ice optical property library and are constructed as look-up tables for rapid CRTM computations. Various sensitivity studies concerning instrument-specific applications and simulations are performed to validate CRTM against satellite observations. In particular, radiances in a spectral region covering the infrared wavelengths are simulated. Comparisons of brightness temperatures between CRTM simulations and observations (from MODIS, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit) show that the new ice cloud optical property look-up table substantially enhances the performance of the CRTM under ice cloud conditions. C1 [Yi, Bingqi; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Quanhua; van Delst, Paul; Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. RP Yi, BQ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bingqi.yi@outlook.com RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010; Yi, Bingqi/E-4076-2012 OI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179; Yi, Bingqi/0000-0002-1437-8376 FU NOAA [NA15NES4400003] FX This study is supported by NOAA grant NA15NES4400003. The Aqua MODIS level 2, collection 6 products were downloaded from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (publicly available for download at https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/data/). Aqua AIRS and AMSU-A level 1B data can be downloaded through the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/datacollection/AIRXBCAL_V005.html and http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/datacollection/AIRABRAD_V005.html). The authors are grateful to Shouguo Ding and Yong Chen for their helpful discussions. A portion of the simulations was carried out at the Texas A&M University Supercomputing Facilities. The views expressed in this paper reflect NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 22 BP 13577 EP 13590 DI 10.1002/2016JD025207 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EJ3QX UT WOS:000393127800020 ER PT J AU Shingler, T Sorooshian, A Ortega, A Crosbie, E Wonaschutz, A Perring, AE Beyersdorf, A Ziemba, L Jimenez, JL Campuzano-Jost, P Mikoviny, T Wisthaler, A Russell, LM AF Shingler, Taylor Sorooshian, Armin Ortega, Amber Crosbie, Ewan Wonaschuetz, Anna Perring, Anne E. Beyersdorf, Andreas Ziemba, Luke Jimenez, Jose L. Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Mikoviny, Tomas Wisthaler, Armin Russell, Lynn M. TI Ambient observations of hygroscopic growth factor and f(RH) below 1: Case studies from surface and airborne measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PARAMETER REPRESENTATION; CONDENSATION NUCLEUS ACTIVITY; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; BIOMASS BURNING AEROSOL; DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYZER; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; SOOT PARTICLES; SULFURIC-ACID; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL AB This study reports a detailed set of ambient observations of optical/physical shrinking of particles from exposure to water vapor with consistency across different instruments and regions. Data have been utilized from (i) a shipboard humidified tandem differential mobility analyzer during the Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment in 2011, (ii) multiple instruments on the NASA DC-8 research aircraft during the Studies of Emissions, Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys in 2013, and (iii) the Differential Aerosol Sizing and Hygroscopicity Spectrometer Probe during ambient measurements in Tucson, Arizona, during summer 2014 and winter 2015. Hygroscopic growth factor (ratio of humidified-to-dry diameter, GF = D-p,D-wet/D-p,D-dry) and f(RH) (ratio of humidified-to-dry scattering coefficients) values below 1 were observed across the range of relative humidity (RH) investigated (75-95%). A commonality of observations of GF and f(RH) below 1 in these experiments was the presence of particles enriched with carbonaceous matter, especially from biomass burning. Evidence of externally mixed aerosol, and thus multiple GFs with at least one GF < 1, was observed concurrently with f(RH) < 1 during smoke periods. Possible mechanisms responsible for observed shrinkage are discussed and include particle restructuring, volatilization effects, and refractive index modifications due to aqueous processing resulting in optical size modification. To further investigate ambient observations of GFs and f(RH) values less than 1, it is recommended to add an optional prehumidification bypass module to hygroscopicity instruments, to preemptively collapse particles prior to controlled RH measurements. C1 [Shingler, Taylor; Sorooshian, Armin; Ortega, Amber] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Shingler, Taylor; Crosbie, Ewan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Shingler, Taylor; Crosbie, Ewan; Beyersdorf, Andreas; Ziemba, Luke] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ortega, Amber] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Air Pollut Control Div, Denver, CO USA. [Wonaschuetz, Anna] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna, Austria. [Perring, Anne E.] NASA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Perring, Anne E.; Jimenez, Jose L.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO USA. [Mikoviny, Tomas; Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway. [Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, Innsbruck, Austria. [Russell, Lynn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.; Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM armin@email.arizona.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503 FU NASA [NNX12AC10G, NNX14AP75G, NNX12AC03G, NNX15AT96G]; ONR [N00014-16-1-2567, N00014-10-1-0811]; NSF [AGS-1008848, AGS-1048995]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [NNX14AK79H]; Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG); Visiting Scientist Program at the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA) FX All data used can be obtained from the corresponding author. This research was funded by NASA grants NNX12AC10G and NNX14AP75G, and ONR grant N00014-16-1-2567. The development of the DASH-SP instrument was funded by ONR grant N00014-10-1-0811, and HTDMA measurements in E-PEACE were funded by NSF AGS-1008848. T.S. acknowledges support from a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NNX14AK79H). Acetonitrile measurements during SEAC4RS were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). A.W. and T.M. received support from the Visiting Scientist Program at the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA). L.M.R. acknowledges NSF AGS-1048995 for E-PEACE. P.C.J. and J.L.J. were supported by NASA NNX12AC03G and NNX15AT96G. Manabu Shiraiwa and Andreas Zuend are acknowledged for thermokinetic modeling results. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 22 BP 13661 EP 13677 DI 10.1002/2016JD025471 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EJ3QX UT WOS:000393127800025 ER PT J AU Zhou, MQ Vigouroux, C Langerock, B Wang, P Dutton, G Hermans, C Kumps, N Metzger, JM Toon, G De Maziere, M AF Zhou, Minqiang Vigouroux, Corinne Langerock, Bavo Wang, Pucai Dutton, Geoff Hermans, Christian Kumps, Nicolas Metzger, Jean-Marc Toon, Geoff De Maziere, Martine TI CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22 ground-based remote sensing FTIR measurements at Reunion Island and comparisons with MIPAS/ENVISAT data SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CCL2F2 MEASUREMENTS; SOLAR OBSERVATIONS; MIPAS RETRIEVAL; 21-DEGREES S; 55-DEGREES E; TIME-SERIES; MODEL DATA; VALIDATION; CCL3F; EMISSIONS AB Profiles of CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2) and HCFC-22 (CHF2Cl) have been obtained from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption measurements above the Saint-Denis (St Denis) and Maido sites at Reunion Island (21 degrees S, 55 degrees E) with low vertical resolution. FTIR profile retrievals are performed by the well-established SFIT4 program and the detail retrieval strategies along with the systematic/random uncertainties of CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22 are discussed in this study. The FTIR data of all three species are sensitive to the whole troposphere and the lowermost stratosphere, with the peak sensitivity between 5 and 10 km. The ground-based FTIR data have been compared with the collocated Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS/ENVISAT) data and found to be in good agreement: the observed mean relative biases and standard deviations of the differences between the smoothed MIPAS and FTIR partial columns (6-30 km) are (-4.3 and 4.4 %), (-2.9 and 4.6 %) and (-0.7 and 4.8 %) for CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22, respectively, which are within the combined error budgets from both measurements. The season cycles of CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22 from FTIR measurements and MIPAS data show a similar variation: concentration is highest in February-April and lowest in August-October. The trends derived from the combined St Denis and Maido FTIR time series are -0.86 +/- 0.12 and 2.84 +/- 0.06% year(-1) for CFC-11 and HCFC-22, respectively, for the period 2004 to 2016, and -0.76 +/- 0.05% year(-1) for CFC-12 for 2009 to 2016. These measurements are consistent with the trends observed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Monitoring Division's (GMD) Halocarbons & other Atmospheric Trace Species Group (HATS) measurements at Samoa (14.2 degrees S, 170.5 degrees W) for CFC-11 (-0.87 +/- 0.04% year(-1)), but slightly weaker for HCFC-22 (3.46 +/- 0.05 %) year(-1) and stronger for CFC-12 (-0.60 +/- 0.02% year(-1)). C1 [Zhou, Minqiang; Wang, Pucai] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Middle Atmosphere & Global Environm Obser, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Minqiang; Vigouroux, Corinne; Langerock, Bavo; Hermans, Christian; Kumps, Nicolas; De Maziere, Martine] Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. [Zhou, Minqiang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Dutton, Geoff] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Metzger, Jean-Marc] Univ La Reunion, UMS 3365, OSU Reunion, St Denis, Reunion. [Toon, Geoff] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Zhou, MQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Middle Atmosphere & Global Environm Obser, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Zhou, MQ (reprint author), Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium.; Zhou, MQ (reprint author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM minqiang.zhou@aeronomie.be FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41575034] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41575034). The authors wish to thank Steve Montzka from NOAA for providing the HCFC-22 flask measurements, the Universite de la Reunion, as well as the Belgian Science Policy and AGACC-II project for supporting the NDACC operations in Reunion Island, the MIPAS satellite group at KIT/IMK for the provision of CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22 MIPAS data. The authors the European Communities, the Region Reunion, CNRS, and Universite de la Reunion for their support and contribution in the construction phase of the research infrastructure OPAR (Observatoire de Physique de l'Atmosphere a La Reunion). OPAR is presently funded by CNRS (INSU) and Universite de La Reunion, and managed by OSU-R (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers a La Reunion, UMS 3365). The authors also want to thank Emmanuel Mahieu, Philippe Demoulin and Stephanie Conway for helpful discussions. Part of this work was performed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contact with NASA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD NOV 25 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 11 BP 5621 EP 5636 DI 10.5194/amt-9-5621-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED2UU UT WOS:000388706100002 ER PT J AU Balaguru, K Foltz, GR Leung, LR Emanuel, KA AF Balaguru, Karthik Foltz, Gregory R. Leung, L. Ruby Emanuel, Kerry A. TI Global warming-induced upper-ocean freshening and the intensification of super typhoons SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSIFICATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; HURRICANE INTENSITY; MODEL; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE; PROJECT; SYSTEM AB Super typhoons (STYs), intense tropical cyclones of the western North Pacific, rank among the most destructive natural hazards globally. The violent winds of these storms induce deep mixing of the upper ocean, resulting in strong sea surface cooling and making STYs highly sensitive to ocean density stratification. Although a few studies examined the potential impacts of changes in ocean thermal structure on future tropical cyclones, they did not take into account changes in near-surface salinity. Here, using a combination of observations and coupled climate model simulations, we show that freshening of the upper ocean, caused by greater rainfall in places where typhoons form, tends to intensify STYs by reducing their ability to cool the upper ocean. We further demonstrate that the strengthening effect of this freshening over the period 1961-2008 is similar to 53% stronger than the suppressive effect of temperature, whereas under twenty-first century projections, the positive effect of salinity is about half of the negative effect of ocean temperature changes. C1 [Balaguru, Karthik] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, 1100 Dexter Ave North, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Foltz, Gregory R.] NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Leung, L. Ruby] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Emanuel, Kerry A.] MIT, Lorenz Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Balaguru, K (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, 1100 Dexter Ave North, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM Karthik.Balaguru@pnnl.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Regional and Global Climate Modeling programme; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling programme. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. G.F. was funded by base funds to NOAA/AOML's Physical Oceanography Division. We thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the quality of our manuscript significantly. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD NOV 25 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 13670 DI 10.1038/ncomms13670 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ED1ZD UT WOS:000388642500001 PM 27886199 ER PT J AU Bechle, AJ Wu, CH Kristovich, DAR Anderson, EJ Schwab, DJ Rabinovich, AB AF Bechle, Adam J. Wu, Chin H. Kristovich, David A. R. Anderson, Eric J. Schwab, David J. Rabinovich, Alexander B. TI Meteotsunamis in the Laurentian Great Lakes SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL OSCILLATIONS; UNITED-STATES; EDGE WAVES; FREQUENCY; MICHIGAN; TSUNAMI; DISTRIBUTIONS; ISLANDS; EVENTS; HAZARD AB The generation mechanism of meteotsunamis, which are meteorologically induced water waves with spatial/ temporal characteristics and behavior similar to seismic tsunamis, is poorly understood. We quantify meteotsunamis in terms of seasonality, causes, and occurrence frequency through the analysis of long-term water level records in the Laurentian Great Lakes. The majority of the observed meteotsunamis happen from late-spring to mid-summer and are associated primarily with convective storms. Meteotsunami events of potentially dangerous magnitude (height > 0.3 m) occur an average of 106 times per year throughout the region. These results reveal that meteotsunamis are much more frequent than follow from historic anecdotal reports. Future climate scenarios over the United States show a likely increase in the number of days favorable to severe convective storm formation over the Great Lakes, particularly in the spring season. This would suggest that the convectively associated meteotsunamis in these regions may experience an increase in occurrence frequency or a temporal shift in occurrence to earlier in the warm season. To date, meteotsunamis in the area of the Great Lakes have been an overlooked hazard. C1 [Bechle, Adam J.; Wu, Chin H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kristovich, David A. R.] Univ Illinois, Climate & Atmospher Sci Sect, ISWS, Prairie Res Inst, Urbana, IL USA. [Anderson, Eric J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Schwab, David J.] Univ Michigan, Water Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rabinovich, Alexander B.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC, Canada. [Rabinovich, Alexander B.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Inst Oceanol, 36 Nakhimovsky Pr, Moscow, Russia. RP Wu, CH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM chinwu@engr.wisc.edu RI Wu, Chin/C-2042-2009 OI Wu, Chin/0000-0001-8393-1940 FU National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship Program; Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research Long-term Great Lakes Fellowship; NOAA-Coastal Storms Program; UW-Madison/UW-Milwaukee Intercampus Research Incentive Grants Program; University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute; ISWS/University of Illinois, NOAA [WE-133R-15-SE-1608]; Russia Foundation for Basic Research [14-50-00095] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship Program, the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research Long-term Great Lakes Fellowship, NOAA-Coastal Storms Program, the UW-Madison/UW-Milwaukee Intercampus Research Incentive Grants Program, the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute, the ISWS/University of Illinois, NOAA project WE-133R-15-SE-1608 and Russia Foundation for Basic Research Grant 14-50-00095. This is GLERL number 1840. Furthermore, the authors would like to acknowledge related agencies that grant access to observational data from the several public websites: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/exper/soundingclimo/, https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/archive/data/, http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov, and http://www.census.gov. Last but not least, the valuable suggestions and comments from two anonymous reviewers and the Editor to improve the paper are greatly appreciated. All opinions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agencies or authors' institutions. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 24 PY 2016 VL 6 DI 10.1038/srep37832 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH9CM UT WOS:000392069300001 PM 27883066 ER PT J AU Sato, M Horne, JK Parker-Stetter, SL Essington, TE Keister, JE Moriarty, PE Li, LB Newton, J AF Sato, Mei Horne, John K. Parker-Stetter, Sandra L. Essington, Timothy E. Keister, Julie E. Moriarty, Pamela E. Li, Lingbo Newton, Jan TI Impacts of moderate hypoxia on fish and zooplankton prey distributions in a coastal fjord SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Hypoxia; Temperature; Hood Canal; Pacific herring; Pacific hake; Zooplankton ID OXYGEN LEVELS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; PUGET-SOUND; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PELAGIC FISH; DEAD ZONES AB Hypoxia can cause significant disturbances in aquatic ecosystems, but the impacts of moderately low dissolved oxygen (DO) where physiological tolerance levels vary among organisms and likely have consequences for key food web linkages are not well understood. We hypothesized that the greater sensitivity of fish to DO, compared with their zooplankton prey, would reduce spatial overlap between fish and zooplankton at moderately low DO (2-4 mg l(-1)). We used a combination of multifrequency acoustics and net samples to characterize distributions and abundances of zooplankton and pelagic fish in Hood Canal, Washington, a seasonally hypoxic fjord. We employed a sampling design that included both high and moderately low DO sites sampled prior to, during, and after the onset of seasonally low DO over 2 yr. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that fish and their zooplankton prey did not change their horizontal or vertical distributions during periods and in locations with moderately low DO levels. Consequently, the vertical overlap between fish and zooplankton did not change with DO concentration. The apparent lack of response of fish to moderately low DO in our system may result from decreased metabolic oxygen demand due to cool temperatures, availability of prey in moderately low DO waters, increased predation risk at shallower depths, and/or phenotypic adaptations to chronic exposure. Stability in distributions of pelagic communities suggests resilience of trophic coupling to moderately low DO in Hood Canal. C1 [Sato, Mei; Horne, John K.; Parker-Stetter, Sandra L.; Essington, Timothy E.; Moriarty, Pamela E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Parker-Stetter, Sandra L.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Keister, Julie E.; Li, Lingbo] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Newton, Jan] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Sato, Mei] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sato, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Sato, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM msato@coas.oregonstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-1154648AM001]; US Navy (Hood Canal Dissolved Oxygen Program); EPA National Estuary Program; NOAA IOOS; Department of Defense through the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program FX We thank the crews of RV 'Centennial' and RV 'Clifford A. Barnes' for field support; J. Nomura, A. Winans, L. Tuttle, H. Froehlich, S. Hennessey, L. Raatikainen, L. Bannister, and S. Tekola assisted in the field; B. Herrmann assisted in taxonomic identification of zooplankton; L. Bannister, S. Tekola, and R. Stiling processed fish stomach content. Historical temperature and dissolved oxygen data from the ORCA buoy were provided by A. Devol and W. Ruef. We thank G. C. Roegner and 3 anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and K. J. Benoit-Bird for discussion to improve the manuscript. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation grant OCE-1154648AM001 to T.E.E., J. K.H., J.E.K., and S.L.P.S. ORCA buoys were supported in part by funds to J.N. from US Navy (Hood Canal Dissolved Oxygen Program, 2005-2010), EPA National Estuary Program (2011-2013), and NOAA IOOS to NANOOS (2007-2015). P.E.M. was supported by the Department of Defense through the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD NOV 24 PY 2016 VL 560 BP 57 EP 72 DI 10.3354/meps11910 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EF1SK UT WOS:000390104900004 ER PT J AU Yehezkeli, O Bedford, NM Park, E Ma, K Cha, JN AF Yehezkeli, Omer Bedford, Nicholas M. Park, Eunsol Ma, Ke Cha, Jennifer N. TI Semiconductor-Based, Solar-Driven Photochemical Cells for Fuel Generation from Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Solutions SO CHEMSUSCHEM LA English DT Article DE copper; electrochemistry; nickel; photochemistry; reduction ID VISIBLE-LIGHT IRRADIATION; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; WATER OXIDATION; CO2 REDUCTION; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; BIVO4 PHOTOANODES; FORMIC-ACID; METHANOL AB There has been active interest to identify new methods to reduce CO2 into usable fuel sources. In this work, we demonstrate two types of photo-electrochemical cells (PECs) that photoreduce CO2 directly to formate in aqueous solutions both in the presence and absence of external bias or additional electron sources. The photocathodes were either a CuFeO2/CuO electrode or a bilayer of CdTe on NiO, whereas the photoanode was a bilayer of NiOx on CdS. The PECs were characterized by using both electrochemistry and spectroscopy, and the products formed from CO2 reduction were characterized and quantified by using H-1 NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS. In addition, an organohydride catalyst was tested in conjunction with the PECs, which not only showed a significant gain of 85 times in CO2 reduction (27 mm formate without the catalyst, 2.3 mm formate with it) compared to the NiO/CdTe photocathode system but could also generate methanol under an external bias (10 mm). C1 [Yehezkeli, Omer; Ma, Ke; Cha, Jennifer N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bedford, Nicholas M.] NIST, Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Park, Eunsol] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cha, Jennifer N.] Univ Colorado, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yehezkeli, O; Cha, JN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Cha, JN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM omer.yehezkeli-1@colorado.edu; jennifer.cha@colorado.edu FU U.S. Dept of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DE-SC0006398]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-01-0258]; DOE [DE-SC0006398] FX The research was primarily supported by the U.S. Dept of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) under Award no. DE-SC0006398 (synthesis, assembly, electrochemical measurements). In addition the research was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Award no. N00014-09-01-0258 (microscopy characterization). O.Y. was supported by DOE DE-SC0006398. The authors thank Dr. Bob Keller for his experimental assistance with the SEM imaging. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 20 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1864-5631 EI 1864-564X J9 CHEMSUSCHEM JI ChemSusChem PD NOV 23 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 22 BP 3188 EP 3195 DI 10.1002/cssc.201601105 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL4DG UT WOS:000394571300009 PM 27775240 ER PT J AU Kocher, G Ofori-Opoku, N Provatas, N AF Kocher, Gabriel Ofori-Opoku, Nana Provatas, Nikolas TI Incorporating Noise Quantitatively in the Phase Field Crystal Model via Capillary Fluctuation Theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREE-ENERGY; DYNAMICS AB A tacit assumption underlying most phase field models of nonequilibrium phase transformations is that of scale separation. Stochastic order parameter field theories utilize noise to separate atomic-scale fluctuations from the slowly varying fields that describe microstructure patterns. The mesoscale distribution of such stochastic variables is generally assumed to follow Gaussian statistics, with their magnitude following fluctuation-dissipation relations. However, there is still much debate about how atomic-scale fluctuations map onto the mesoscale upon coarse graining of microscopic theories. This Letter studies interface fluctuations in the phase field crystal (PFC) model and proposes a self-consistent method for relating how the effective noise strength and spectral filtering of the noise in the PFC model, and similar types of microscopic models, should be defined so as to attain the spectrum of mesoscale capillary fluctuations quantitatively. C1 [Kocher, Gabriel; Provatas, Nikolas] McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Ofori-Opoku, Nana] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ofori-Opoku, Nana] Northwestern Univ, Inst Sci & Engn, Ctr Hierarch Mat Design, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Kocher, G (reprint author), McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. FU National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology as part of the Center for Hierarchical Materials Design (CHiMaD) [70NANB14H012] FX N. P. acknowledges the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada for funding and Compute Canada for HPC. N. O.-O. acknowledges the following financial assistance Award No. 70NANB14H012 from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology as part of the Center for Hierarchical Materials Design (CHiMaD). NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2016 VL 117 IS 22 AR 220601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.220601 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ED1UI UT WOS:000388630000006 PM 27925716 ER PT J AU Kishore, S Srivastava, S Bhatia, SR AF Kishore, Suhasini Srivastava, Sunita Bhatia, Surita R. TI Microstructure of colloid-polymer mixtures containing charged colloidal disks and weakly-adsorbing polymers SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticle; USAXS; Clay ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; GLASS-TRANSITION; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); LAPONITE DISPERSIONS; SUSPENSIONS; GELATION; RHEOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB Structural arrest in an aging colloid-polymer mixture of charged colloidal disks and weakly interacting polymers is primarily governed by the spatial arrangement of microstructural domains in the system. Here we present a detailed ultra-small angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) study of the polymer induced microstructural changes occurring in systems containing laponite (R) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Laponite (R) suspensions are known to transition from a homogeneous fluid to an arrested phase as a function of time. USAXS results show that when polymer chains are added to this colloidal system, the microstructural changes are found to depend on (i) polymer-colloid size ratio, (ii) particle and polymer concentration. Large length scale structures (300-1000 nm) of non-uniformly varying size appear with increasing concentration of high molecular weight PEO (R-g/R similar to 2.4). However with shorter PEO chains (R-g/R similar to 0.5), we observe the formation of intermediary structures with a characteristic length scale of 50 -60 nm. With increasing particle concentration, we observe a more compact structure for the high molecular weight PEO and no signature of a percolating network in the case of the low molecular PEO. We believe that these results add to our understanding of the complex aging behavior of clay-polymer systems. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kishore, Suhasini] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kishore, Suhasini; Srivastava, Sunita; Bhatia, Surita R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Srivastava, Sunita] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bhatia, SR (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.; Srivastava, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sunita.srivastava@nist.gov; surita.bhatia@stonybrook.edu RI Bhatia, Surita/B-4536-2008 FU NSF [CBET-0853551, CBET-1335787]; Xerox Corporation; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from NSF awards CBET-0853551 and CBET-1335787, and Xerox Corporation. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Dr. Jan Ilavsky, Argonne National Laboratory, for his guidance in conducting USAXS experiments. The sponsors had no role in the in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV 22 PY 2016 VL 105 SI SI BP 461 EP 471 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.091 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA EC8PT UT WOS:000388405300050 ER PT J AU Oakey, GN Saltus, RW AF Oakey, G. N. Saltus, R. W. TI Geophysical analysis of the Alpha-Mendeleev ridge complex: Characterization of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Alpha Ridge; Mendeleev Ridge; High Arctic Large Igneous Province; Magnetic domain ID SOUTHERN INDIAN-OCEAN; GIANT DYKE SWARMS; FRANZ JOSEF LAND; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; MANTLE PLUMES; AMERASIA BASIN; SVERDRUP BASIN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; FLOOD BASALTS; CANADA BASIN AB The Alpha-Mendeleev ridge complex is a first-order physiographic and geological feature of the Arctic Amerasia Basin. High amplitude "chaotic" magnetic anomalies (the High Arctic Magnetic High Domain or HAMH) are associated with the complex and extend beyond the bathymetric high beneath the sediment cover of the adjacent Canada and Makarov-Podvodnikov basins. Residual marine Bouguer gravity anomalies over the ridge complex have low amplitudes implying that the structure has minimal lateral density variability. A closed pseudogravity (magnetic potential) contour around the ridge complex quantifies the aerial extent of the HAMH at similar to 13 x 10(6) km(2). We present 2D gravity/magnetic models for transects across the Alpha Ridge portion of the complex constrained with recently acquired seismic reflection and refraction data. The crustal structure is modeled with a simple three-layer geometry. Large induced and remanent magnetization components were required to fit the observed magnetic anomalies. Density values for the models were based on available seismic refraction P-wave velocities. The 3000 kg/m(3) lower crustal layer is interpreted as a composite of the original crustal protolith and deep (ultramafic) plutonic intrusions related to a plume sourced (High Arctic) LIP. The 2900 kg/m(3) mid-crustal and 2600 kg/m(3) upper-crustal layers are interpreted as the combined effect of sills, dikes, and flows. Volumetric estimates of the volcanic composition include (at least) 6 x 10(6) km(3) for the mid- and upper-crust and between 13 x 10(6) and 17 x 10(6) km(3) within the lower crust - for a total of similar to 20 x 10(6) km(3). We compare the magnetic structure, pseudogravity, and volumetric estimates for the HAMH portion of the HALIP with global large igneous province analogs and discuss implications for Arctic tectonics. Our results show that the closest analog to the HAMH/HALIP is the Kerguelen Plateau, which is considered a continental plateau intensively modified by plume-related volcanism. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Oakey, G. N.] Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, PO 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Saltus, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 964,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Saltus, R. W.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Oakey, GN (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, PO 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM Gordon.Oakey@Canada.ca FU Extended Continental Shelf (ECS) mapping programs of the Canadian; U.S. Governments FX We are grateful for administrative, financial, and technical support from the Extended Continental Shelf (ECS) mapping programs of the Canadian and U.S. Governments, and for extensive discussions with our colleagues at the Geological Survey of Canada, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Careful reviews and constructive criticism by three anonymous reviewers and by the volume editor(s) have significantly improved this paper. We would also like to thank Victoria Pease and the "Circum-Arctic Lithosphere Evolution" (CALE) working group for the opportunity to present preliminary versions of this work at various workshops and conference sessions. Earth Sciences Sector (ESS) contribution number 20160143. NR 121 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD NOV 22 PY 2016 VL 691 SI SI BP 65 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.08.005 PN A PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EE2CI UT WOS:000389390900005 ER PT J AU Longanecker, M Modi, A Dohrynin, A Kim, S Yuan, G Jones, R Satija, S Bang, J Karim, A AF Longanecker, Melanie Modi, Arvind Dohrynin, Andrey Kim, Seyong Yuan, Guangcui Jones, Ronald Satija, Sushil Bang, Joona Karim, Alamgir TI Reduced Domain Size and Interfacial Width in Fast Ordering Nanofilled Block Copolymer Films by Direct Immersion Annealing SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; POLYMER COMPOSITES; TIME-TEMPERATURE; THIN-FILMS; NANOCOMPOSITES; SOLVENT; SUPERPOSITION AB Block copolymers (BCPs) can function as nanoscale templates to organize nanoparticles within selective domains. Most functional applications of nanofilled BCPs generally require a high loading of nanoparticles, which is difficult to achieve due to particle aggregation, slow kinetics of ordering, and disruption of block copolymer order. A key parameter is the periodic domain spacing, L-0, which is important for tuning functional properties. We demonstrate direct immersion annealing (DIA) as a promising directed self-assembly (DSA) method to overcome these problems. DIA is shown to fully order highly filled (10.5 vol % Au-PSrPMMA nanoparticles) lamellar poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-PMMA) BCP films, whose lamellar ordering is practically unimpeded by filler loading. Neutron reflection (NR) further confirms that DIA sharpens the interfacial width between PS-PMMA domains by similar to 20%. In situ NR studies further reveal that DIA predominantly induced film ordering in a 5 wt % anisotropic organoclay (C93A) filled PS-PMMA film in less than 30 s! In contrast, identical C93A nanofilled PS-PMMA films that were thermally annealed (19 h at 160 degrees C) only exhibit partial ordering near the free surface. DIA films also exhibit similar to 50% reduced L-0, resulting in twice the number of BCP domains, potentially useful to film functional properties such as gas barrier when filled with clay or plasmonics for gold nanoparticles. We further model this reduced L-0 in DIA processed films with a scaling approach to correlate the final structure to degree of polymerization, N. Our results reveal that DIA, a roll-to-roll (R2R) compatible DSA method, can enable real-time manufacture of nanofilled block copolymers for functional applications. C1 [Longanecker, Melanie; Modi, Arvind; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Dohrynin, Andrey] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Yuan, Guangcui; Jones, Ronald; Satija, Sushil] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Seyong; Bang, Joona] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biomed Engn, Seoul 02841, South Korea. RP Karim, A (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM alamgir@uakron.edu OI Dobrynin, Andrey/0000-0002-6484-7409 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR- 1411046]; Global Frontier R&D Program on Center for Hybrid Interface Materials (HIM) - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [2013M3A6B1078869] FX The block copolymer ordering study by neutron reflection was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) via Grant DMR- 1411046, while the nanoparticle incorporation aspects related to the potential for modifying film glassy behavior by nanoparticles was supported by the W.M. Keck Foundation. Joona Bang acknowledges the support by the Global Frontier R&D Program (No. 2013M3A6B1078869) on Center for Hybrid Interface Materials (HIM) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 22 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 22 BP 8563 EP 8571 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01690 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA ED5SV UT WOS:000388913500019 ER PT J AU Xiao, ZS Riccardi, D Velazquez, HA Chin, AL Yates, CR Carrick, JD Smith, JC Baudry, J Quarles, LD AF Xiao, Zhousheng Riccardi, Demian Velazquez, Hector A. Chin, Ai L. Yates, Charles R. Carrick, Jesse D. Smith, Jeremy C. Baudry, Jerome Quarles, L. Darryl TI A computationally identified compound antagonizes excess FGF-23 signaling in renal tubules and a mouse model of hypophosphatemia SO Science Signaling LA English DT Article ID FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; FAMILIAL TUMORAL CALCINOSIS; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; VITAMIN-D METABOLISM; X-LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; PHOSPHATE HOMEOSTASIS; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; DRUG DISCOVERY; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; REGULATING PHOSPHATE AB Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) interacts with a binary receptor complex composed of alpha-Klotho (alpha-KL) and FGF receptors (FGFRs) to regulate phosphate and vitamin D metabolism in the kidney. Excess FGF-23 production, which causes hypophosphatemia, is genetically inherited or occurs with chronic kidney disease. Among other symptoms, hypophosphatemia causes vitamin D deficiency and the bone-softening disorder rickets. Current therapeutics that target the receptor complex have limited utility clinically. Using a computationally driven, structure-based, ensemble docking and virtual high-throughput screening approach, we identified four novel compounds predicted to selectively inhibit FGF-23-induced activation of the FGFR/alpha-KL complex. Additional modeling and functional analysis found that Zinc13407541 bound to FGF-23 and disrupted its interaction with the FGFR1/alpha-KL complex; experiments in a heterologous cell expression system showed that Zinc13407541 selectivity inhibited alpha-KL-dependent FGF-23 signaling. Zinc13407541 also inhibited FGF-23 signaling in isolated renal tubules ex vivo and partially reversed the hypophosphatemic effects of excess FGF-23 in a mouse model. These chemical probes provide a platform to develop lead compounds to treat disorders caused by excess FGF-23. C1 [Xiao, Zhousheng; Quarles, L. Darryl] Univ Tennessee, Dept Med, Coll Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38165 USA. [Riccardi, Demian] Earlham Coll, Dept Chem, 801 Natl Rd West, Richmond, IN 47374 USA. [Riccardi, Demian; Velazquez, Hector A.; Smith, Jeremy C.; Baudry, Jerome] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Velazquez, Hector A.; Smith, Jeremy C.; Baudry, Jerome] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Chin, Ai L.; Carrick, Jesse D.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem, 55 Univ Dr, Cookeville, TN 38501 USA. [Yates, Charles R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Coll Pharm, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Riccardi, Demian] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Thermodynam Res Ctr, 325 Broadway,MS 647-01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Quarles, LD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Med, Coll Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38165 USA. EM dquarles@uthsc.edu FU National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Building Interdisciplinary Research Team Revision Award [R01-AR045955-15, R01-AR045955-15S1] FX This work was supported by grant R01-AR045955-15 and a supplement, R01-AR045955-15S1, to L.D.Q. from National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Building Interdisciplinary Research Team Revision Award. NR 112 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1945-0877 EI 1937-9145 J9 SCI SIGNAL JI Sci. Signal. PD NOV 22 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 455 AR ra113 DI 10.1126/scisignal.aaf5034 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA ED9NP UT WOS:000389198700002 PM 27879395 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JD Kirby, BJ Kwon, J Fabbris, G Meyers, D Freeland, JW Martin, I Heinonen, OG Steadman, P Zhou, H Schleputz, CM Dean, MPM te Velthuis, SGE Zuo, JM Bhattacharya, A AF Hoffman, Jason D. Kirby, Brian J. Kwon, Jihwan Fabbris, Gilberto Meyers, D. Freeland, John W. Martin, Ivar Heinonen, Olle G. Steadman, Paul Zhou, Hua Schleputz, Christian M. Dean, Mark P. M. te Velthuis, Suzanne G. E. Zuo, Jian-Min Bhattacharya, Anand TI Oscillatory Noncollinear Magnetism Induced by Interfacial Charge Transfer in Superlattices Composed of Metallic Oxides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Article ID INTERLAYER EXCHANGE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; FERROELECTRICITY; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MULTIFERROICS; PEROVSKITES; MULTILAYERS; TRANSITIONS; BIAS AB Interfaces between correlated complex oxides are promising avenues to realize new forms of magnetism that arise as a result of charge transfer, proximity effects, and locally broken symmetries. We report on the discovery of a noncollinear magnetic structure in superlattices of the ferromagnetic metallic oxide La-2/3 Sr-1/3 MnO3 (LSMO) and the correlated metal LaNiO3 (LNO). The exchange interaction between LSMO layers is mediated by the intervening LNO, such that the angle between the magnetization of neighboring LSMO layers varies in an oscillatory manner with the thickness of the LNO layer. The magnetic field, temperature, and spacer thickness dependence of the noncollinear structure are inconsistent with the bilinear and biquadratic interactions that are used to model the magnetic structure in conventional metallic multilayers. A model that couples the LSMO layers to a helical spin state within the LNO fits the observed behavior. We propose that the spin-helix results from the interaction between a spatially varying spin susceptibility within the LNO and interfacial charge transfer that creates localized Ni2+ states. Our work suggests a new approach to engineering noncollinear spin textures in metallic oxide heterostructures. C1 [Hoffman, Jason D.; Martin, Ivar; Heinonen, Olle G.; te Velthuis, Suzanne G. E.; Bhattacharya, Anand] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kirby, Brian J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kwon, Jihwan; Zuo, Jian-Min] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Fabbris, Gilberto; Meyers, D.; Dean, Mark P. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Freeland, John W.; Zhou, Hua; Schleputz, Christian M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Steadman, Paul] Diamond Light Source, Diamond House,Harwell Sci & Innovat Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. [Bhattacharya, Anand] Argonne Natl Lab, Nanosci & Technol Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hoffman, JD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM anand@anl.gov RI Bhattacharya, Anand/G-1645-2011; Dean, Mark/B-4541-2011; te Velthuis, Suzanne/I-6735-2013; Fabbris, Gilberto/F-3244-2011; Schleputz, Christian/C-4696-2008 OI Bhattacharya, Anand/0000-0002-6839-6860; Dean, Mark/0000-0001-5139-3543; te Velthuis, Suzanne/0000-0002-1023-8384; Fabbris, Gilberto/0000-0001-8278-4985; Schleputz, Christian/0000-0002-0485-2708 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Materials Science and Engineering Division; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce; Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Early Career Award Program [1047478]; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Research Council Canada; Canadian Institute of Health Research; Government of Saskatchewan, WD Canada; University of Saskatchewan FX We are grateful to Y. H. Liu, M. D. Stiles, J. A. Borchers, and B. B. Maranville for valuable discussions. Work at Argonne National Laboratory, including the use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials and Advanced Photon Source, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. J. D. H, O. G. H., I. M., S. G. E.t.V, and A. B. acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Materials Science and Engineering Division. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. J. K. and J. M. Z. are supported as part of the Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Grant No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Work by G. F., D. M., and M. P. M. D. is supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Early Career Award Program under Grant No. 1047478. Experiments were in part performed at the REIXS beamline of the Canadian Light Source, which is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, National Research Council Canada, and the Canadian Institute of Health Research, the Government of Saskatchewan, WD Canada, and the University of Saskatchewan. The Diamond Light Source is acknowledged for beam time allocated on I10 under Proposal Reference No. SI-9626. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 31 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD NOV 22 PY 2016 VL 6 IS 4 AR 041038 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.6.041038 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ED1TD UT WOS:000388626900001 ER PT J AU Mazzuca, GM Ren, XR Loughner, CP Estes, M Crawford, JH Pickering, KE Weinheimer, AJ Dickerson, RR AF Mazzuca, Gina M. Ren, Xinrong Loughner, Christopher P. Estes, Mark Crawford, James H. Pickering, Kenneth E. Weinheimer, Andrew J. Dickerson, Russell R. TI Ozone production and its sensitivity to NOx and VOCs: results from the DISCOVER-AQ field experiment, Houston 2013 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID O-3-NOX-VOC SENSITIVITY; ATMOSPHERIC-POLLUTION; PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY; EMISSIONS; INDICATORS; PRECURSORS; CHEMISTRY; TEXAS; AREA AB An observation-constrained box model based on the Carbon Bond mechanism, version 5 (CB05), was used to study photochemical processes along the NASA P-3B flight track and spirals over eight surface sites during the September 2013 Houston, Texas deployment of the NASA Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from COlumn and VERtically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) campaign. Data from this campaign provided an opportunity to examine and improve our understanding of atmospheric photochemical oxidation processes related to the formation of secondary air pollutants such as ozone (O-3). O-3 production and its sensitivity to NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were calculated at different locations and times of day. Ozone production efficiency (OPE), defined as the ratio of the ozone production rate to the NOx oxidation rate, was calculated using the observations and the simulation results of the box and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models. Correlations of these results with other parameters, such as radical sources and NOx mixing ratio, were also evaluated. It was generally found that O-3 production tends to be more VOC-sensitive in the morning along with high ozone production rates, suggesting that control of VOCs may be an effective way to control O-3 in Houston. In the afternoon, O-3 production was found to be mainly NOx-sensitive with some exceptions. O-3 production near major emissions sources such as Deer Park was mostly VOC-sensitive for the entire day, other urban areas near Moody Tower and Channel view were VOC-sensitive or in the transition regime, and areas farther from downtown Houston such as Smith Point and Conroe were mostly NOx sensitive for the entire day. It was also found that the control of NOx emissions has reduced O-3 concentrations over Houston but has led to larger OPE values. The results from this work strengthen our understanding of O-3 production; they indicate that controlling NOx emissions will provide air quality benefits over the greater Houston metropolitan area in the long run, but in selected areas controlling VOC emissions will also be beneficial. C1 [Mazzuca, Gina M.; Ren, Xinrong; Pickering, Kenneth E.; Dickerson, Russell R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ren, Xinrong; Loughner, Christopher P.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Loughner, Christopher P.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Estes, Mark] Texas Commiss Environm Qual, Austin, TX 78711 USA. [Crawford, James H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Pickering, Kenneth E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Weinheimer, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Ren, XR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Ren, XR (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM ren@umd.edu RI Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015 OI Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666 FU Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) through the Air Quality Research Program (AQRP) at University of Texas Austin [14-020]; NASA ACMAP grant [NNX15AE31G]; NASA AQAST FX The authors acknowledge the entire DISCOVER-AQ science team for the use of the P-3B measurement data in this work as well as Winston Luke and Paul Kelley at NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for helpful discussion. This work was funded by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) through the Air Quality Research Program (AQRP) at University of Texas Austin (contract no. 14-020) and a NASA ACMAP grant (grant no. NNX15AE31G). The contents, findings, opinions, and conclusions are the work of the authors and do not necessarily represent the findings, opinions, or conclusions of the TCEQ or AQRP. NASA AQAST supported Russell R. Dickerson. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 22 BP 14463 EP 14474 DI 10.5194/acp-16-14463-2016 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC5PI UT WOS:000388187800002 ER PT J AU Shen, C Heeres, RW Reinhold, P Jiang, LY Liu, YK Schoelkopf, RJ Jiang, L AF Shen, Chao Heeres, Reinier W. Reinhold, Philip Jiang, Luyao Liu, Yi-Kai Schoelkopf, Robert J. Jiang, Liang TI Optimized tomography of continuous variable systems using excitation counting SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM STATE; DENSITY-MATRIX; RECONSTRUCTION; CAVITY; DETECTOR; COLLAPSE AB We propose a systematic procedure to optimize quantum state tomography protocols for continuous variable systems based on excitation counting preceded by a displacement operation. Compared with conventional tomography based on Husimi or Wigner function measurement, the excitation counting approach can significantly reduce the number of measurement settings. We investigate both informational completeness and robustness, and provide a bound of reconstruction error involving the condition number of the sensing map. We also identify the measurement settings that optimize this error bound, and demonstrate that the improved reconstruction robustness can lead to an order-of-magnitude reduction of estimation error with given resources. This optimization procedure is general and can incorporate prior information of the unknown state to further simplify the protocol. C1 [Shen, Chao; Heeres, Reinier W.; Reinhold, Philip; Schoelkopf, Robert J.; Jiang, Liang] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Jiang, Luyao; Schoelkopf, Robert J.; Jiang, Liang] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Liu, Yi-Kai] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Yi-Kai] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shen, C (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM chao.shen@yale.edu RI Jiang, Liang/A-9847-2008 OI Jiang, Liang/0000-0002-0000-9342 FU ARL-CDQI; ARO [W911NF-14-1-0011, W911NF-14-1-0563]; AFOSR MURI [FA9550-14-1-0052, FA9550-14-1-0015]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation [BR2013-049]; Packard Foundation [2013-39273] FX We acknowledge support from the ARL-CDQI, ARO (Grants No. W911NF-14-1-0011 and No. W911NF-14-1-0563), AFOSR MURI (Grants No. FA9550-14-1-0052 and No. FA9550-14-1-0015), Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (Grant No. BR2013-049), and Packard Foundation (Grant No. 2013-39273). We thank Siddharth Prabhu and Jianming Wen for fruitful discussions. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 21 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 5 AR 052327 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.052327 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EC9KG UT WOS:000388462900004 ER PT J AU Hallsteinsen, I Moreau, M Grutter, A Nord, M Vullum, PE Gilbert, DA Bolstad, T Grepstad, JK Holmestad, R Selbach, SM N'Diaye, AT Kirby, BJ Arenholz, E Tybell, T AF Hallsteinsen, I. Moreau, M. Grutter, A. Nord, M. Vullum, P. -E. Gilbert, D. A. Bolstad, T. Grepstad, J. K. Holmestad, R. Selbach, S. M. N'Diaye, A. T. Kirby, B. J. Arenholz, E. Tybell, T. TI Concurrent magnetic and structural reconstructions at the interface of (111)-oriented La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/LaFeO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OXIDE SUPERLATTICES; ENERGY; HETEROSTRUCTURES; FERROMAGNETISM AB We observe an induced switchable magnetic moment of 1.6 +/- 0.40 mu(B)/Fe for the nominally antiferromagnetic LaFeO3 extending two to four interface layers into the non-charge transfer system La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/LaFeO3/SrTiO3(111). Simultaneously a mismatch of oxygen octahedra rotations at the interface implies an atomic reconstruction of reduced symmetry at the interface, reaching two to five layers into LaFeO3. Density functional theory of a structure with atomic reconstruction and different correlation strength shows a ferrimagnetic state with a net Fe moment at the interface. Together these results suggest that engineered oxygen octahedra rotations, affecting the local symmetry, affect electron correlations and can be used to promote magnetic properties. C1 [Hallsteinsen, I.; Moreau, M.; Bolstad, T.; Grepstad, J. K.; Tybell, T.] NTNU Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Telecommun, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Hallsteinsen, I.; N'Diaye, A. T.; Arenholz, E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Grutter, A.; Gilbert, D. A.; Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nord, M.; Vullum, P. -E.; Holmestad, R.] NTNU Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Vullum, P. -E.] SINTEF Mat & Chem, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Selbach, S. M.] NTNU Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RP Tybell, T (reprint author), NTNU Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Telecommun, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM thomas.tybell@ntnu.no RI Tybell, Thomas/B-8297-2013 OI Tybell, Thomas/0000-0003-0787-8476 FU Research Council of Norway [231290]; project NORTEM within the Programme INFRA-STRUCTURE of the Research Council of Norway [197405]; Norwegian Metacenter for Computational Science (UNINETT Sigma2) [NN9301K]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX T.T. and T.B. acknowledge Research Council of Norway Grant No. 231290. M.N. is supported by the Project NORTEM (Grant No. 197405) within the Programme INFRA-STRUCTURE of the Research Council of Norway. The Norwegian Metacenter for Computational Science (UNINETT Sigma2) was acknowledged for providing computational resources for DFT calculations through Project No. NN9301K. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Part of this work was performed at the I1011 beamline at MAX II, Sweden, and we thank Gunnar Ohrwall for his assistance at the beamline. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 21 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 20 AR 201115 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.201115 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EC9LN UT WOS:000388466200001 ER PT J AU Staruch, M Gopman, DB Iunin, YL Shull, RD Cheng, SF Bussmann, K Finkel, P AF Staruch, Margo Gopman, Daniel B. Iunin, Yury L. Shull, Robert D. Cheng, Shu Fan Bussmann, Konrad Finkel, Peter TI Reversible strain control of magnetic anisotropy in magnetoelectric heterostructures at room temperature SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD CONTROL; THIN-FILMS; FECO FILMS; MULTILAYERS; MAGNETOSTRICTION; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MICROSTRUCTURE; FERROMAGNETISM; COMPOSITES; MEMORY AB The ability to tune both magnetic and electric properties in magnetoelectric (ME) composite heterostructures is crucial for multiple transduction applications including energy harvesting or magnetic field sensing, or other transduction devices. While large ME coupling achieved through interfacial strain-induced rotation of magnetic anisotropy in magnetostrictive/piezoelectric multiferroic heterostructures has been demonstrated, there are presently certain restrictions for achieving a full control of magnetism in an extensive operational dynamic range, limiting practical realization of this effect. Here, we demonstrate the possibility of generating substantial reversible anisotropy changes through induced interfacial strains driven by applied electric fields in magnetostrictive thin films deposited on (0 1 1)-oriented domain-engineered ternary relaxor ferroelectric single crystals with extended temperature and voltage ranges as compared to binary relaxors. We show, through a combination of angular magnetization and magneto-optical domain imaging measurements, that a 90 degrees in-plane rotation of the magnetic anisotropy and propagation of magnetic domains with low applied electric fields under zero electric field bias are realized. To our knowledge, the present value attained for converse magnetoelectric coupling coefficient is the highest achieved in the linear piezoelectric regime and expected to be stable for a wide temperature range, thus representing a step towards practical ME transduction devices. C1 [Staruch, Margo; Cheng, Shu Fan; Bussmann, Konrad; Finkel, Peter] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gopman, Daniel B.; Iunin, Yury L.; Shull, Robert D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Iunin, Yury L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RP Finkel, P (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peter.finkel@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; National Research Council under the Research Associateship Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. Author M.S.'s work at the Naval Research Laboratory and author D.G's work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology were supported in part by the National Research Council under the Research Associateship Program. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 53 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 21 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 37429 DI 10.1038/srep37429 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC5SY UT WOS:000388197700001 PM 27869152 ER PT J AU Kalemci, E Begelman, MC Maccarone, TJ Dincer, T Russell, TD Bailyn, C Tomsick, JA AF Kalemci, E. Begelman, M. C. Maccarone, T. J. Dincer, T. Russell, T. D. Bailyn, C. Tomsick, J. A. TI Wind, jet, hybrid corona and hard X-ray flares: multiwavelength evolution of GRO J1655-40 during the 2005 outburst rise SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; stars: black holes; stars: individual: GRO J1655-40; X-rays: binaries ID BINARY STATE TRANSITIONS; ACCRETING BLACK-HOLES; GX 339-4; SOFT STATE; MICROQUASAR GRO-J1655-40; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; SPECTRAL VARIABILITY; MAXI J1836-194; STANDARD STARS; COMPACT JETS AB We have investigated the complex multiwavelength evolution of GRO J1655-40 during the rise of its 2005 outburst. We detected two hard X-ray flares, the first one during the transition from the soft state to the ultra-soft state, and the second one in the ultra-soft state. The first X-ray flare coincided with an optically thin radio flare. We also observed a hint of increased radio emission during the second X-ray flare. To explain the hard flares without invoking a secondary emission component, we fit the entire data set with the eqpair model. This single, hybrid Comptonization model sufficiently fits the data even during the hard X-ray flares if we allow reflection fractions greater than unity. In this case, the hard X-ray flares correspond to a Comptonizing corona dominated by non-thermal electrons. The fits also require absorption features in the soft and ultra-soft state which are likely due to a wind. In this work we show that the wind and the optically thin radio flare co-exist. Finally, we have also investigated the radio to optical spectral energy distribution, tracking the radio spectral evolution through the quenching of the compact jet and rise of the optically thin flare, and interpreted all data using state transition models. C1 [Kalemci, E.] Sabanci Univ, Fac Engn & Nat Sci, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. [Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maccarone, T. J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 41051, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Dincer, T.; Bailyn, C.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, POB 208101, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Russell, T. D.] Curtin Univ, Int Ctr Radio Astron Res, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Bailyn, C.] Yale NUS Coll, 6 Coll Ave East, Singapore 138614, Singapore. [Tomsick, J. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kalemci, E (reprint author), Sabanci Univ, Fac Engn & Nat Sci, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. EM ekalemci@sabanciuniv.edu FU TUBITAK [BIDEB 2219, 1001, 115F488] FX EK acknowledges TUBITAK BIDEB 2219 Award that enabled a sabbatical visit at JILA, CU Boulder and is grateful to Mitch Begelman, Greg Salvesen, Chris Nixon and Phil Armitage for their hospitality and extended discussions on state transitions. A significant portion of this work was completed at JILA, using the computer infrastructure of CU Boulder during EK's sabbatical visit. EK also acknowledges support from TUBITAK 1001 Project 115F488. TDR thanks James Miller-Jones and Peter Curran on the interpretation of the radio data. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2016 VL 463 IS 1 BP 615 EP 627 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw2002 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA2YZ UT WOS:000386464900050 ER PT J AU Galyean, AA Filliben, JJ Holbrook, RD Vreeland, WN Weinberg, HS AF Galyean, Anne A. Filliben, James J. Holbrook, R. David Vreeland, Wyatt N. Weinberg, Howard S. TI Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation with light scattering detection - an orthogonal sensitivity analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Separation optimization; Light scattering; Nanoparticles; Natural organic matter; Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation ID ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ORGANIC-MATTER; OPTIMIZATION; COLLOIDS; SIZE; SAMPLES; SEPARATION; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF(4)) has several instrumental factors that may have a direct effect on separation performance. A sensitivity analysis was applied to ascertain the relative importance of AF4 primary instrument factor settings for the separation of a complex environmental sample. The analysis evaluated the impact of instrumental factors namely, cross flow, ramp time, focus flow, injection volume, and run buffer concentration on the multi-angle light scattering measurement of natural organic matter (NOM) molar mass (MM). A 2((5-1)) orthogonal fractional factorial design was used to minimize analysis time while preserving the accuracy and robustness in the determination of the main effects and interactions between any two instrumental factors. By assuming that separations resulting in smaller MM measurements would be more accurate, the analysis produced a ranked list of effects estimates for factors and interactions of factors based on their relative importance in minimizing the MM. The most important and statistically significant AF4 instrumental factors were buffer concentration and cross flow. The least important was ramp time. A parallel 2((5-2)) orthogonal fractional factorial design was also employed on five environmental factors for synthetic natural water samples containing silver nanoparticles (NPs), namely: NP concentration, NP size, NOM concentration, specific conductance, and pH. None of the water quality characteristic effects or interactions were found to be significant in minimizing the measured MM; however, the interaction between NP concentration and NP size was an important effect when considering NOM recovery. This work presents a structured approach for the rigorous assessment of AF4 instrument factors and optimal settings for the separation of complex samples utilizing efficient orthogonal factional factorial design and appropriate graphical analysis. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Galyean, Anne A.; Weinberg, Howard S.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Filliben, James J.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Holbrook, R. David] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Nano Res Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vreeland, Wyatt N.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Galyean, Anne A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Chem & Biol Engn Dept, 1613 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Weinberg, HS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM galyean@mines.edu; james.filliben@nist.gov; dave.holbrook@nist.gov; wyatt.vreeland@nist.gov; howard_weinberg@unc.edu FU National Science Foundation [DGE-1144081]; National Institutes of Health [T32ES007018]; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. DGE-1144081. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. This research was supported, in part, by funds from the National Institutes of Health (T32ES007018) and through an Off-Campus Dissertation Research Fellowship from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The authors also acknowledge helpful suggestions from David Duewer, Ph.D., of the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 18 PY 2016 VL 1473 BP 122 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.063 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ED3WR UT WOS:000388779700014 PM 27802881 ER PT J AU White, JL Newhouse, RJ Zhang, JZ Udovic, TJ Stavila, V AF White, James L. Newhouse, Rebecca J. Zhang, Jin Z. Udovic, Terrence J. Stavila, Vitalie TI Understanding and Mitigating the Effects of Stable Dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate Intermediates on Hydrogen-Storage Reactions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DEHYDROGENATION REACTION PATHWAY; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; METAL BOROHYDRIDES; DECOMPOSITION; LIBH4; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM; MG; MG(BH4)(2); LI2B12H12 AB Alkali metal borohydrides can reversibly store hydrogen; however, the materials display poor cyclability, oftentimes linked to the occurrence of stable closo-polyborate intermediate species. In an effort to understand the role of such intermediates on the hydrogen storage properties of metal borohydrides, several alkali metal dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate salts were isolated in anhydrous form and characterized by diffraction and spectroscopic techniques. Mixtures of Li2B12H12, Na2B12H12, and K2B12H12 with the corresponding alkali metal hydrides were subjected to hydrogenation conditions known to favor partial or full reversibility in metal borohydrides. The stoichiometric mixtures of MH and M2B12H12 salts form the corresponding metal borohydrides MBH4 (M = Li, Na, K) in almost quantitative yield at 100 MPa H-2 and 500 degrees C. In addition, stoichiometric mixtures of Li2B12H12 and MgH2 were found to form MgB2 at 500 degrees C and above upon desorption in vacuum. The two destabilization strategies outlined above suggest that metal polyhydro-closo-polyborate species can be converted into the corresponding metal borohydrides or borides, albeit under rather harsh conditions of hydrogen pressure and temperature. C1 [White, James L.; Newhouse, Rebecca J.; Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Newhouse, Rebecca J.; Zhang, Jin Z.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stavila, V (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM vnstavi@sandia.gov OI White, James/0000-0002-8216-7212 FU BES Division of the U.S. DOE; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank Ken Stewart and Jeff Campbell for their skillful technical assistance. J.Z.Z. is grateful to the BES Division of the U.S. DOE for financial support. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000). NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 17 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 45 BP 25725 EP 25731 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b09789 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EC8YN UT WOS:000388429100010 ER PT J AU Wallis, TM Nilius, N Ho, W AF Wallis, T. M. Nilius, N. Ho, W. TI Single Molecule Vibrational Spectroscopy: CO Bonding to Edge and Terrace Positions on Ag, Au, and Pd Islands on NiAI(110) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; SURFACE; ADSORPTION; NIAL(110); CHEMISTRY; CHEMISORPTION; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; CU(001) AB The vibrational properties of single CO molecules adsorbed on nanosized Ag, Au, and Pd islands on a NiAl(110) surface were studied with a scanning tunneling microscope. The sensitivity of single molecule vibrational spectroscopy to aspects of the local environment is demonstrated by comparative studies of CO-metal bond vibrations at island terrace and island edge sites. Vibrational spectra of single CO molecules adsorbed on Ag, Au, and Pd island terraces showed peaks at 27, 32, and 44 meV, respectively, which are assigned to the hindered rotational mode. CO molecules on Au and Pd island edges, on the other hand, showed blue-shifted hindered rotational modes at 34 and 46 meV, respectively. On Au islands, CO molecules showed a strong preference for adsorption on edges, while no such preference was observed on Pd. C1 [Ho, W.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Wallis, T. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nilius, N.] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Phys, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. RP Ho, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM wilsonho@uci.edu FU Condensed Matter Physics Program, Division of Materials Research, National Science Foundation [DMR-1411338]; fellowship of German Science Foundation FX This work is supported by the Condensed Matter Physics Program, Division of Materials Research, National Science Foundation, under Grant DMR-1411338 and by a fellowship of the German Science Foundation (NN). NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD NOV 17 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 22 BP 4683 EP 4688 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02149 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EC9AC UT WOS:000388433200041 PM 27801592 ER PT J AU Miller, MW Karazsia, J Groves, CE Griffin, S Moore, T Wilber, P Gregg, K AF Miller, Margaret W. Karazsia, Jocelyn Groves, Carolyn E. Griffin, Sean Moore, Tom Wilber, Pace Gregg, Kurtis TI Detecting sedimentation impacts to coral reefs resulting from dredging the Port of Miami, Florida USA SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Coral; Dredging; Sedimentation; Coral reef; Coral disease; Impact assessment; Monitoring; Adaptive management ID RESPONSES; DISEASE AB The federal channel at Port of Miami, Florida, USA, was dredged between late 2013 and early 2015 to widen and deepen the channel, Due to the limited spatial extent of impact-assessment monitoring associated with the project, the extent of the dredging impacts on surrounding coral reefs has not been well quantified, Previously published remote sensing analyses, as well as agency and anecdotal reports suggest the most severe and largest area of sedimentation occurred on a coral reef feature referred to as the Inner Reef, particularly in the sector north of the channel. A confounding regional warm-water mass bleaching event followed by a coral disease outbreak during this same time frame made the assessment of dredging-related impacts to coral reefs adjacent to the federal channel difficult but still feasible. The current study sought to better understand the sedimentation impacts that occurred in the coral reef environment surrounding Port from of Miami, to distinguish those impacts other regional events or disturbances, and provide supplemental information on impact assessment that will inform discussions on compensatory mitigation requirements. To this end, in water field assessments conducted after the completion of dredging and a time series analysis of tagged corals photographed pre-, during, and post-dredging, are used to discern dredging-related sedimentation impacts for the Inner Reef north. Results indicate increased sediment accumulation, severe in certain times and places, and an associated biological response (e.g., higher prevalence of partial mortality of corals) extended up to 700 m from the channel, whereas project-associated monitoring was limited to 50 m from the channel. These results can contribute to more realistic prediction of areas of indirect effect from dredging projects needed to accurately evaluate proposed projects and design appropriate compliance monitoring. Dredging projects near valuable and sensitive habitats subject to local and global stressors require monitoring methods capable of discerning non-dredging related impacts and adaptive management to ensure predicted and unpredicted project-related impacts are quantified. Anticipated increasing frequency and intensity of seasonal warming stress also suggests that manageable-but-unavoidable local stressors such as dredging should be partitioned from such seasonal thermal stress events. C1 [Miller, Margaret W.; Groves, Carolyn E.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33165 USA. [Karazsia, Jocelyn; Gregg, Kurtis] NOAA, Southeast Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, W Palm Beach, FL USA. [Groves, Carolyn E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Griffin, Sean; Moore, Tom] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Griffin, Sean; Gregg, Kurtis] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. [Wilber, Pace] NOAA, Southeast Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Charleston, SC USA. RP Miller, MW (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov FU NMFS Southeast Regional Office; NMFS Restoration Center; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program FX This work was funded by the NMFS Southeast Regional Office, NMFS Restoration Center, and NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 21 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD NOV 17 PY 2016 VL 4 AR e2711 DI 10.7717/peerj.2711 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC8XE UT WOS:000388425600006 PM 27896036 ER PT J AU Pichler, H Zhu, GY Seif, A Zoller, P Hafezi, M AF Pichler, Hannes Zhu, Guanyu Seif, Alireza Zoller, Peter Hafezi, Mohammad TI Measurement Protocol for the Entanglement Spectrum of Cold Atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Article ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS; MANY-BODY SYSTEM; QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT; OPTICAL LATTICES; ENTROPY; TRANSITION; STATES; PHASE; MODEL; CHAIN AB Entanglement, and, in particular, the entanglement spectrum, plays a major role in characterizing many-body quantum systems. While there has been a surge of theoretical works on the subject, no experimental measurement has been performed to date because of the lack of an implementable measurement scheme. Here, we propose a measurement protocol to access the entanglement spectrum of many-body states in experiments with cold atoms in optical lattices. Our scheme effectively performs a Ramsey spectroscopy of the entanglement Hamiltonian and is based on the ability to produce several copies of the state under investigation, together with the possibility to perform a global swap gate between two copies conditioned on the state of an auxiliary qubit. We show how the required conditional swap gate can be implemented with cold atoms, either by using Rydberg interactions or coupling the atoms to a cavity mode. We illustrate these ideas on a simple (extended) Bose-Hubbard model where such a measurement protocol reveals topological features of the Haldane phase. C1 [Pichler, Hannes] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pichler, Hannes] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pichler, Hannes; Zoller, Peter] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Zhu, Guanyu; Seif, Alireza; Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zoller, Peter] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pichler, H (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Pichler, H (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Pichler, H (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM hannes.pichler@cfa.harvard.edu; gzhu123@umd.edu RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; Pichler, Hannes/M-5150-2015 OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Pichler, Hannes/0000-0003-2144-536X FU NSF [PHY11-25915]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; ERC; Austrian Science Fund through SFB FOQUS; EU; ONR-YIP at the Joint Quantum Institute; ARO-MURI at the Joint Quantum Institute; AFOSR at the Joint Quantum Institute; NSF-PFC at the Joint Quantum Institute; Sloan Foundation FX We thank L. Bonnes, E. Kapit, A. M. Lauchli, M. Ozols, A. Sterdyniak, A. Turner, and F. Verstraete for useful discussions. H. P. was supported by the NSF through a grant for the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The work at Innsbruck is supported by the ERC Synergy Grant UQUAM, the Austrian Science Fund through SFB FOQUS, and the EU FET Proactive Initiative SIQS and RYQS. The work at the University of Maryland was supported by ONR-YIP, ARO-MURI, AFOSR, NSF-PFC at the Joint Quantum Institute, and the Sloan Foundation. Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics is supported by NSF PHY11-25915. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD NOV 17 PY 2016 VL 6 IS 4 AR 041033 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.6.041033 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EC6XM UT WOS:000388280000002 ER PT J AU Chalfoun, J Majurski, M Dima, A Halter, M Bhadriraju, K Brady, M AF Chalfoun, Joe Majurski, Michael Dima, Alden Halter, Michael Bhadriraju, Kiran Brady, Mary TI Lineage mapper: A versatile cell and particle tracker SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY IMAGES; MORPHOGENESIS; CONSTRUCTION; PLATFORM; CANCER; SHEET; MODEL AB The ability to accurately track cells and particles from images is critical to many biomedical problems. To address this, we developed Lineage Mapper, an open-source tracker for time-lapse images of biological cells, colonies, and particles. Lineage Mapper tracks objects independently of the segmentation method, detects mitosis in confluence, separates cell clumps mistakenly segmented as a single cell, provides accuracy and scalability even on terabyte-sized datasets, and creates division and/or fusion lineages. Lineage Mapper has been tested and validated on multiple biological and simulated problems. The software is available in ImageJ and Matlab at isg.nist.gov. C1 [Chalfoun, Joe; Majurski, Michael; Dima, Alden; Brady, Mary] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Halter, Michael] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bhadriraju, Kiran] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bhadriraju, Kiran] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chalfoun, J (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joe.chalfoun@nist.gov FU NIST FX This work has been supported by NIST. We would like to acknowledge the team members of the computational science in biological metrology project at NIST for providing invaluable inputs to our work. We would like to acknowledge the following team members of NIST Material Measurement Laboratory, John Elliott and Anne Plant, for supporting this work. We would like to acknowledge David Nimorwicz for creating the layout of the GUI for this work. We would like to acknowledge Adele Peskin for her valuable input for this work. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 17 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 36984 DI 10.1038/srep36984 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC5CV UT WOS:000388151600001 PM 27853188 ER PT J AU Giangrande, SE Toto, T Jensen, MP Bartholomew, MJ Feng, Z Protat, A Williams, CR Schumacher, C Machado, L AF Giangrande, Scott E. Toto, Tami Jensen, Michael P. Bartholomew, Mary Jane Feng, Zhe Protat, Alain Williams, Christopher R. Schumacher, Courtney Machado, Luiz TI Convective cloud vertical velocity and mass-flux characteristics from radar wind profiler observations during GoAmazon2014/5 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE RESEARCH FACILITY; DOPPLER RADAR; LAND-SURFACE; WET SEASON; DIFFERENTIAL REFLECTIVITY; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; PRECIPITATION; PARAMETERIZATION; CUMULONIMBUS; AUSTRALIA AB A radar wind profiler data set collected during the 2 year Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) campaign is used to estimate convective cloud vertical velocity, area fraction, and mass flux profiles. Vertical velocity observations are presented using cumulative frequency histograms and weighted mean profiles to provide insights in a manner suitable for global climate model scale comparisons (spatial domains from 20 km to 60 km). Convective profile sensitivity to changes in environmental conditions and seasonal regime controls is also considered. Aggregate and ensemble average vertical velocity, convective area fraction, and mass flux profiles, as well as magnitudes and relative profile behaviors, are found consistent with previous studies. Updrafts and downdrafts increase in magnitude with height to midlevels (6 to 10 km), with updraft area also increasing with height. Updraft mass flux profiles similarly increase with height, showing a peak in magnitude near 8 km. Downdrafts are observed to be most frequent below the freezing level, with downdraft area monotonically decreasing with height. Updraft and downdraft profile behaviors are further stratified according to environmental controls. These results indicate stronger vertical velocity profile behaviors under higher convective available potential energy and lower low-level moisture conditions. Sharp contrasts in convective area fraction and mass flux profiles are most pronounced when retrievals are segregated according to Amazonian wet and dry season conditions. During this deployment, wet season regimes favored higher domain mass flux profiles, attributed to more frequent convection that offsets weaker average convective cell vertical velocities. C1 [Giangrande, Scott E.; Toto, Tami; Jensen, Michael P.; Bartholomew, Mary Jane] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Feng, Zhe] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Protat, Alain] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Christopher R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Schumacher, Courtney] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Machado, Luiz] Natl Inst Space Res, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. RP Giangrande, SE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sgrande@bnl.gov RI Schumacher, Courtney/B-8968-2011 OI Schumacher, Courtney/0000-0003-3612-485X FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. DOE, as part of the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; U.S. DOE; Sao Paulo Research Foundation [FAPESP-2009/15235-8]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; ASR program of Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This manuscript has been authored by employees of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC, under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The publisher by accepting the manuscript for publication acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. Zhe Feng at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and A. Protat at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology are supported by the U.S. DOE, as part of the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program. The PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Funding was also obtained from the U.S. DOE, the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP-2009/15235-8). The work was conducted under scientific licenses 001030/2012-4, 001262/2012-2, and 00254/2013-9 of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Institutional support was provided by the Central Office of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA), the National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Amazonas State University (UEA), and the Brazil Space Agency (AEB). We also acknowledge the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility, a user facility of the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and support from the ASR program of that office. All GoAmazon2014/5 data sets used in this study can be obtained from the ARM at http://www.arm.gov. The authors wish to thank GoAmazon2014/5 PI Scot Martin and the entire GoAmazon2014/5 ARM/AMF team (AMF Site Scientist, Mark Miller). Additional thanks to ARM mentor Richard Coulter for RWP data collection and maintenance and Vickal Kumar for helpful discussions on the Darwin data set. The authors also thank Aaron Funk (TAMU) for SIPAM remote data acquisition and radar-gridding preprocessing. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 21 BP 12891 EP 12913 DI 10.1002/2016JD025303 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED6IZ UT WOS:000388960600019 ER PT J AU Jeong, SG Newman, S Zhang, JS Andrews, AE Bianco, L Bagley, J Cui, XG Graven, H Kim, J Salameh, P LaFranchi, BW Priest, C Campos-Pineda, M Novakovskaia, E Sloop, CD Michelsen, HA Bambha, RP Weiss, RF Keeling, R Fischer, ML AF Jeong, Seongeun Newman, Sally Zhang, Jingsong Andrews, Arlyn E. Bianco, Laura Bagley, Justin Cui, Xinguang Graven, Heather Kim, Jooil Salameh, Peter LaFranchi, Brian W. Priest, Chad Campos-Pineda, Mixtli Novakovskaia, Elena Sloop, Christopher D. Michelsen, Hope A. Bambha, Ray P. Weiss, Ray F. Keeling, Ralph Fischer, Marc L. TI Estimating methane emissions in California's urban and rural regions using multitower observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOS-ANGELES; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; BAYESIAN METHODS; SATELLITE DATA; GAS EMISSIONS; STILT MODEL; CO2; SYSTEM; WIND AB We present an analysis of methane (CH4) emissions using atmospheric observations from 13 sites in California during June 2013 to May 2014. A hierarchical Bayesian inversion method is used to estimate CH4 emissions for spatial regions (0.3 degrees pixels for major regions) by comparing measured CH4 mixing ratios with transport model (Weather Research and Forecasting and Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport) predictions based on seasonally varying California-specific CH4 prior emission models. The transport model is assessed using a combination of meteorological and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements coupled with the gridded California Air Resources Board (CARB) CO emission inventory. The hierarchical Bayesian inversion suggests that state annual anthropogenic CH4 emissions are 2.42 +/- 0.49 Tg CH4/yr (at 95% confidence), higher (1.2-1.8 times) than the current CARB inventory (1.64 Tg CH4/yr in 2013). It should be noted that undiagnosed sources of errors or uncaptured errors in the model-measurement mismatch covariance may increase these uncertainty bounds beyond that indicated here. The CH4 emissions from the Central Valley and urban regions (San Francisco Bay and South Coast Air Basins) account for similar to 58% and 26% of the total posterior emissions, respectively. This study suggests that the livestock sector is likely the major contributor to the state total CH4 emissions, in agreement with CARB's inventory. Attribution to source sectors for subregions of California using additional trace gas species would further improve the quantification of California's CH4 emissions and mitigation efforts toward the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (Assembly Bill 32). C1 [Jeong, Seongeun; Bagley, Justin; Cui, Xinguang; Fischer, Marc L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Newman, Sally] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zhang, Jingsong; Priest, Chad; Campos-Pineda, Mixtli] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Zhang, Jingsong; Priest, Chad; Campos-Pineda, Mixtli] Univ Calif Riverside, Air Pollut Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.; Bianco, Laura] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Bianco, Laura] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Graven, Heather] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, London, England. [Graven, Heather] Imperial Coll London, Grantham Inst, London, England. [Kim, Jooil; Salameh, Peter; Weiss, Ray F.; Keeling, Ralph] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [LaFranchi, Brian W.; Michelsen, Hope A.; Bambha, Ray P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Novakovskaia, Elena; Sloop, Christopher D.] Earth Networks, Germantown, MD USA. RP Jeong, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sjeong@lbl.gov FU University of California's Discovery Grant Program; California Air Resources Board Research Division under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Dave Field, Dave Bush, Edward Wahl, Ken Reichl, Toby Walpert, and particularly Jon Kofler for the assistance with measurements at WGC and analysis of data from radar wind profiler sites; Christina Harth for the assistance with measurements at THD; John Lin, Christoph Gerbig, Steve Wofsy, Janusz Eluszkiewicz, and Thomas Nehrkorn for sharing the STILT code and advice; Anita Ganesan for the motivation of the HBI approach; Chris Potter and William Salas for sharing the modeled CH4 emission for use as a priori estimates; Ed Dlugokencky and Colm Sweeney for sharing the data for CH4 background estimates; Ying-Kuang Hsu, Bart Croes, Jorn Herner, Abhilash Vijayan, Matthias Falk, Richard Bode, Anny Huang, Jessica Charrier, Kevin Eslinger, Larry Hunstaker, Ken Stroud, Mac McDougall, Jim Nyarady, and others for sharing the CARB emissions information and providing valuable review comments; and Krishna Muriki for the assistance running the WRF-STILT models on the LBNL-Lawrencium cluster. The data used in the inversion are in Figures S15 and S16, and the CALGEM prior emission distribution is available at http://calgem.lbl.gov/. This study was supported by the University of California's Discovery Grant Program and the California Air Resources Board Research Division under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 21 BP 13031 EP 13049 DI 10.1002/2016JD025404 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED6IZ UT WOS:000388960600026 ER PT J AU Berkelhammer, M Steen-Larsen, HC Cosgrove, A Peters, AJ Johnson, R Hayden, M Montzka, SA AF Berkelhammer, M. Steen-Larsen, H. C. Cosgrove, A. Peters, A. J. Johnson, R. Hayden, M. Montzka, S. A. TI Radiation and atmospheric circulation controls on carbonyl sulfide concentrations in the marine boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEAST ATLANTIC-OCEAN; ANTARCTIC ICE CORES; AIR-SEA FLUX; SURFACE WATERS; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; IN-SITU; COS; SEAWATER; DIOXIDE AB A potential closure of the global carbonyl sulfide (COS or OCS) budget has recently been attained through a combination of remote sensing, modeling, and extended surface measurements. However, significant uncertainties in the spatial and temporal dynamics of the marine flux still persist. In order to isolate the terrestrial photosynthetic component of the global atmospheric OCS budget, tighter constraints on the marine flux are needed. We present 6 months of nearly continuous in situ OCS concentrations from the North Atlantic during the fall and winter of 2014-2015 using a combination of research vessel and fixed tower measurements. The data are characterized by synoptic-scale similar to 100 pmol mol(-1) variations in marine boundary layer air during transitions from subtropical to midlatitude source regions. The synoptic OCS variability is shown here to be a linear function of the radiation history along an air parcel's trajectory with no apparent sensitivity to the chlorophyll concentration of the surface waters that the air mass interacted with. This latter observation contradicts expectations and suggests a simple radiation limitation for the combined direct and indirect marine OCS emissions. Because the concentration of OCS in the marine boundary layer is so strongly influenced by an air parcel's history, marine and atmospheric concentrations would rarely be near equilibrium and thus even if marine production rates are held constant at a given location, the ocean-atmosphere flux would be sensitive to changes in atmospheric circulation alone. We hypothesize that changes in atmospheric circulation including latitudinal shifts in the storm tracks could affect the marine flux through this effect. C1 [Berkelhammer, M.; Cosgrove, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Steen-Larsen, H. C.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Ice & Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Peters, A. J.; Johnson, R.; Hayden, M.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda. [Montzka, S. A.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Berkelhammer, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM berkelha@uic.edu RI Steen-Larsen, Hans Christian/F-9927-2013 OI Steen-Larsen, Hans Christian/0000-0002-7202-5907 FU NSF [OCE-1430741] FX MODIS chlorophyll a concentrations were originally obtained from ftp://podaac-ftp.jpl.nasa.gov/ and were provided by the Integrated Climate Data Center (ICDC, http://icdc.zmaw.de) University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, in netCDF format for the period September 2014 to March 2015. MODIS SST data were originally obtained from ftp://podaac-ftp.jpl.nasa.gov/ and were provided by the Integrated Climate Data Center (ICDC, http://icdc.zmaw.de) University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, in netCDF format for the period September 2014 to March 2015. Operation of the BIOS Tudor Hill Marine Atmospheric Observatory is funded by NSF grant OCE-1430741. Flask OCS data were downloaded from the NOAA GMD public FTP site. All carbonyl sulfide data discussed in the text are included in supporting information Tables S1 and S2 and are freely available for use without author consent. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 21 BP 13113 EP 13128 DI 10.1002/2016JD025437 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED6IZ UT WOS:000388960600030 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Runcevski, T Oktawiec, J Gonzalez, MI Siegelman, RL Mason, JA Ye, JX Brown, CM Long, JR AF Taylor, Mercedes K. Runcevski, Tomce Oktawiec, Julia Gonzalez, Miguel I. Siegelman, Rebecca L. Mason, Jarad A. Ye, Jinxing Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Tuning the Adsorption-Induced Phase Change in the Flexible Metal Organic Framework Co(bdp) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH METHANE STORAGE; EDGE-TO-FACE; CAMBRIDGE STRUCTURAL DATABASE; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; ARYL-ARYL INTERACTIONS; PI-PI INTERACTIONS; F-C INTERACTIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; COORDINATION-POLYMER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES AB Metal-organic frameworks that flex to undergo structural phase changes upon gas adsorption are promising materials for gas storage and separations, and achieving synthetic control over the pressure at which these changes occur is crucial to the design of such materials for specific applications. To this end, a new family of materials based on the flexible metal organic framework Co(bdp) (bdp(2-) = 1,4-benzenedipyrazolate) has been prepared via the introduction of fluorine, deuterium, and methyl functional groups on the bdp(2-) ligand, namely, Co(F-bdp), Co(p-F-2-bdp), Co(o-F-2-bdp), Co(D-4-bdp), and Co(p-Me-2-bdp). These frameworks are isoreticular to the parent framework and exhibit similar structural flexibility, transitioning from a low-porosity, collapsed phase to high-porosity, expanded phases with increasing gas pressure. Powder X-ray diffraction studies reveal that fluorination of the aryl ring disrupts edge-to-face pi-pi interactions, which work to stabilize the collapsed phase at low gas pressures, while deuteration preserves these interactions and methylation strengthens them. In agreement with these observations, high-pressure CH4 adsorption isotherms show that the pressure of the CH4-induced framework expansion can be systematically controlled by ligand functionalization, as materials without edge-to-face interactions in the collapsed phase expand at lower CH4 pressures, while frameworks with strengthened edge-to-face interactions expand at higher pressures. Importantly, this work puts forth a general design strategy relevant to many other families of flexible metal-organic frameworks, which will be a powerful tool in optimizing these phase-change materials for industrial applications. C1 [Taylor, Mercedes K.; Runcevski, Tomce; Oktawiec, Julia; Gonzalez, Miguel I.; Siegelman, Rebecca L.; Mason, Jarad A.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Taylor, Mercedes K.; Runcevski, Tomce; Mason, Jarad A.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ye, Jinxing] East China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Pharm, Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Pharmaceut Proc Chem, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. [Brown, Craig M.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Long, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Gonzalez, Miguel/0000-0003-4250-9035 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-e); Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001015]; National Science Foundation FX Early stages of the synthetic chemistry, including the synthesis of H2(F-bdp) and Co(F-bdp), were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-e). The remainder of the synthetic chemistry was funded by the Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office under Grant DE-AC02-05CH11231. Methane adsorption measurements and structural studies were supported by the Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Award DE-SC0001015. Single-crystal diffraction data were collected on the 11.3.1 Beamline at the Advanced Light Source User Facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy. Powder X-ray diffraction data were collected on the 17-BM Beamline at the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated by Argonne National Laboratory. We thank Douglas Reed, Matthew Kapelewski, Dr. Brian Wiers, and Prof. Jiwoong Lee for helpful discussions and for experimental assistance, and Dr. Katie R Meihaus for editorial assistance. We also thank the National Science Foundation for providing graduate fellowship support for M.K.T., J.O., and J.A.M. NR 121 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 26 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 16 PY 2016 VL 138 IS 45 BP 15019 EP 15026 DI 10.1021/jacs.6b09155 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EC8YE UT WOS:000388428200033 PM 27804295 ER PT J AU Enochs, IC Manzello, DP Kolodziej, G Noonan, SHC Valentino, L Fabricius, KE AF Enochs, Ian C. Manzello, Derek P. Kolodziej, Graham Noonan, Sam H. C. Valentino, Lauren Fabricius, Katharina E. TI Enhanced macroboring and depressed calcification drive net dissolution at high-CO2 coral reefs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ocean acidification; coral reef; calcification; bioerosion; micro-CT; dissolution ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; DEAD CORALS; DAMSELFISH TERRITORIALITY; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; PORITES-LOBATA; BIOEROSION; COMMUNITIES; ORGANISMS; SKELETONS; STRENGTH AB Ocean acidification (OA) impacts the physiology of diverse marine taxa; among them corals that create complex reef framework structures. Biological processes operating on coral reef frameworks remain largely unknown from naturally high-carbon-dioxide (CO2) ecosystems. For the first time, we independently quantified the response of multiple functional groups instrumental in the construction and erosion of these frameworks (accretion, macroboring, microboring, and grazing) along natural OA gradients. We deployed blocks of dead coral skeleton for roughly 2 years at two reefs in Papua New Guinea, each experiencing volcanically enriched CO2, and employed high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to create three-dimensional models of changing skeletal structure. OA conditions were correlated with decreased calcification and increased macroboring, primarily by annelids, representing a group of bioeroders not previously known to respond to OA. Incubation of these blocks, using the alkalinity anomaly methodology, revealed a switch from net calcification to net dissolution at a pH of roughly 7.8, within Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) predictions for global ocean waters by the end of the century. Together these data represent the first comprehensive experimental study of bioerosion and calcification from a naturally high-CO2 reef ecosystem, where the processes of accelerated erosion and depressed calcification have combined to alter the permanence of this essential framework habitat. C1 [Enochs, Ian C.; Kolodziej, Graham; Valentino, Lauren] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enochs, Ian C.; Manzello, Derek P.; Kolodziej, Graham; Valentino, Lauren] NOAA, AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Noonan, Sam H. C.; Fabricius, Katharina E.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Enochs, IC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Enochs, IC (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ienochs@rsmas.miami.edu RI Kolodziej, Graham/A-3034-2017; Valentino, Lauren/A-3068-2017; Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014 OI Kolodziej, Graham/0000-0001-5483-8923; Valentino, Lauren/0000-0002-8748-9050; Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361 FU Great Barrier Reef Foundation; Australian Government; Australian Institute of Marine Science; NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (OAP); NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) FX This research was funded by the Great Barrier Reef Foundation's 'Resilient Coral Reefs Successfully Adapting to Climate Change' research and development program in collaboration with the Australian Government, the Australian Institute of Marine Science. NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) and Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) provided funding for the micro-CT and analysis software, respectively. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 27 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 16 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1842 AR 20161742 DI 10.1098/rspb.2016.1742 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA ED2ZL UT WOS:000388718700010 ER PT J AU Choi, W Chan, EP Park, JH Ahn, WG Jung, HW Hong, S Lee, JS Han, JY Park, S Ko, DH Lee, JH AF Choi, Wansuk Chan, Edwin P. Park, Jong-Hyun Ahn, Won-Gi Jung, Hyun Wook Hong, Seungkwan Lee, Jong Suk Han, Ji-Young Park, Sangpil Ko, Doo-Hyun Lee, Jung-Hyun TI Nanoscale Pillar-Enhanced Tribological Surfaces as Antifouling Membranes SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE nanoscale patterns; layer-by-layer assembly; antifouling; membranes; thin film composites; water desalination; reverse osmosis ID REVERSE-OSMOSIS MEMBRANES; FILM COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; TIO2 THIN-FILMS; WATER-TREATMENT; ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; PATTERNED MEMBRANES; BACTERIAL ADHESION; BIOFILM FORMATION; POLYAMIDE AB We present a nonconventional membrane surface modification approach that utilizes surface topography to manipulate the tribology of foulant accumulation on water desalination membranes via imprinting of submicron titanium dioxide (TiO2) pillar patterns onto the molecularly structured, flat membrane surface. This versatile approach overcomes the constraint of the conventional approach relying on interfacial polymerization that inevitably leads to the formation of ill-defined surface topography. Compared to the nonpatterned membranes, the patterned membranes showed significantly improved fouling resistance for both organic protein and bacterial foulants. The use of hydrophilic TiO2 as a pattern material increases the membrane hydrophilicity, imparting improved chemical antifouling resistance to the membrane. Fouling behavior was also interpreted in terms of the topographical effect depending on the relative size of foulants to the pattern dimension. In addition, computational fluid dynamics simulation suggests that the enhanced antifouling of the patterned membrane is attributed to the enhancement in overall and local shear stress at the fluid TiO2 pattern interface. C1 [Choi, Wansuk; Ahn, Won-Gi; Jung, Hyun Wook; Lee, Jung-Hyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 5-1 Anam Dong, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Chan, Edwin P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Park, Jong-Hyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem, 5-1 Anam Dong, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Hong, Seungkwan] Korea Univ, Sch Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, 5-1 Anam Dong, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Lee, Jong Suk] Sogang Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 35 Baekbeom Ro, Seoul 04107, South Korea. [Han, Ji-Young; Park, Sangpil; Ko, Doo-Hyun] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Appl Chem, 1732 Deogyeong Daero, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 5-1 Anam Dong, Seoul 136713, South Korea.; Ko, DH (reprint author), Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Appl Chem, 1732 Deogyeong Daero, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. EM dhko@khu.ac.kr; leejhyyy@korea.ac.kr RI Lee, Jung-Hyun/H-1096-2011 FU Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [NRF-2016M3C1A3909138]; Fundamental R&D Program for Technology of World Premier Materials - Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea [10037794]; Korea Ministry of Environment as "Global Top Project" [2016002100007] FX This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2016M3C1A3909138) and by the Fundamental R&D Program for Technology of World Premier Materials funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea (10037794), and by Korea Ministry of Environment as "Global Top Project (2016002100007)". NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD NOV 16 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 45 BP 31433 EP 31441 DI 10.1021/acsami.6b10875 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EC8YS UT WOS:000388429600089 PM 27802010 ER PT J AU McDaniel, J Piner, K Lee, HH Hill, K AF McDaniel, Jenny Piner, Kevin Lee, Hui-Hua Hill, Kevin TI Evidence that the Migration of the Northern Subpopulation of Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax) off the West Coast of the United States Is Age-Based SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT; STOCK ASSESSMENT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; ATLANTIC COD; POPULATION; FISH; DISCRIMINATION; SELECTIVITY; MANAGEMENT AB Analysis of fish movements has been an important area of study for fisheries ecology and population dynamics for decades. Pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax, along the west coast of the United States exhibit a well-defined large-scale seasonal migration. Larger and older fish are found in the northern reaches of their range during summer and contract to southerly offshore areas for spawning during spring. Because of the close correlation between fish size and age it has not yet been determined if movements are size- or age-based. Measuring spatial changes in the age structure conditioned on individual lengths was used to determine the roles of age versus length in the seasonal migration. S. sagax have a pattern of increasing age-at-length with seasonal northward movements and offshore movements for spawning. The pattern of increasing age-at-length with distance from the origin eliminates a solely length-based process of movement and supports age-based movement. Patterns in the size and age when fish first show migratory behaviors, coupled with the patterns observed during the spawning season, support a hypothesis that migratory behaviors are linked to age-based ontogenetic changes associated with maturation. C1 [McDaniel, Jenny; Piner, Kevin; Lee, Hui-Hua; Hill, Kevin] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP McDaniel, J (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. EM Jenny.McDaniel@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 16 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0166780 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0166780 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC1ZU UT WOS:000387909300085 PM 27851805 ER PT J AU Messina, P Lathiere, J Sindelarova, K Vuichard, N Granier, C Ghattas, J Cozic, A Hauglustaine, DA AF Messina, Palmira Lathiere, Juliette Sindelarova, Katerina Vuichard, Nicolas Granier, Claire Ghattas, Josefine Cozic, Anne Hauglustaine, Didier A. TI Global biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in the ORCHIDEE and MEGAN models and sensitivity to key parameters SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; LAND-USE CHANGES; QUERCUS-ILEX L; MONOTERPENE EMISSIONS; VOC EMISSIONS; SCOTS PINE; ATMOSPHERIC METHANOL; PONDEROSA PINE; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS AB A new version of the biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emission scheme has been developed in the global vegetation model ORCHIDEE (Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic EcosystEm), which includes an extended list of biogenic emitted compounds, updated emission factors (EFs), a dependency on light for almost all compounds and a multi-layer radiation scheme. Over the 2000-2009 period, using this model, we estimate mean global emissions of 465 TgC yr(-1) for isoprene, 107.5 TgC yr(-1) for monoterpenes, 38 Tg C yr(-1) for methanol, 25 Tg C yr(-1) for acetone and 24 Tg C yr(-1) for sesquiterpenes. The model results are compared to state-of-the-art emission budgets, showing that the ORCHIDEE emissions are within the range of published estimates. ORCHIDEE BVOC emissions are compared to the estimates of the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN), which is largely used throughout the biogenic emissions and atmospheric chemistry community. Our results show that global emission budgets of the two models are, in general, in good agreement. ORCHIDEE emissions are 8% higher for isoprene, 8% lower for methanol, 17% higher for acetone, 18% higher for monoterpenes and 39% higher for sesquiterpenes, compared to the MEGAN estimates. At the regional scale, the largest differences between ORCHIDEE and MEGAN are highlighted for isoprene in northern temperate regions, where ORCHIDEE emissions are higher by 21 Tg C yr(-1), and for monoterpenes, where they are higher by 4.4 and 10.2 Tg C yr(-1) in northern and southern tropical regions compared to MEGAN. The geographical differences between the two models are mainly associated with different EF and plant functional type (PFT) distributions, while differences in the seasonal cycle are mostly driven by differences in the leaf area index (LAI). Sensitivity tests are carried out for both models to explore the response to key variables or parameters such as LAI and light-dependent fraction (LDF). The ORCHIDEE and MEGAN emissions are differently affected by LAI changes, with a response highly depending on the compound considered. Scaling the LAI by a factor of 0.5 and 1.5 changes the isoprene global emission by 21 and C 8% for ORCHIDEE and 15 and C 7% for MEGAN, and affects the global emissions of monoterpenes by 43 and C 40% for ORCHIDEE and -11 and +3% for MEGAN. Performing a further sensitivity test, forcing ORCHIDEE with the MODIS LAI, confirms the high sensitivity of the ORCHIDEE emission module to LAI variation. We find that MEGAN is more sensitive to variation in the LDF parameter than ORCHIDEE. Our results highlight the importance and the need to further explore the BVOC emission estimate variability and the potential for using models to investigate the estimated uncertainties. C1 [Messina, Palmira; Lathiere, Juliette; Vuichard, Nicolas; Cozic, Anne; Hauglustaine, Didier A.] Univ Paris Saclay, CEA Orme Merisiers, LSCE, IPSL,CEA,CNRS,OVSQ, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Sindelarova, Katerina; Granier, Claire] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, OVSQ,IPSL, Lab Atmospheres,Milieux,Observat Spatiales,LATMOS, UPMC 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France. [Sindelarova, Katerina] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Dept Atmospher Phys, Ke Karlovu 3, Prague 12116, Czech Republic. [Granier, Claire] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Granier, Claire] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Granier, Claire] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway R CSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ghattas, Josefine] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace Sci Environm, UPMC 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France. RP Messina, P (reprint author), Univ Paris Saclay, CEA Orme Merisiers, LSCE, IPSL,CEA,CNRS,OVSQ, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM palmira.messina@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU project ECLAIRE - EC [282910]; project PEGASOS - EC [265148]; MACC II project - EC [283576]; MACC-III project - EC [633080]; DGAC FX We thank Cathy Nangini for her very useful comments and corrections, J.-Y Peterschmitt for his help in data visualization and A. Guenther for meaningful discussions. We gratefully acknowledge support from the project ECLAIRE (grant agreement no. 282910), PEGASOS (grant agreement no. 265148), MACC II project (grant agreement no. 283576) and MACC-III (grant agreement no. 633080) funded under the EC Seventh Framework Programme. This work was partly funded by the DGAC under the TC2 project. This work was performed using DSM-CCRT resources under the GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif) computer time allocation and the GENCI project. NR 139 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 16 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 22 BP 14169 EP 14202 DI 10.5194/acp-16-14169-2016 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC1JP UT WOS:000387861000001 ER PT J AU Srinivasa, V Taylor, JM Tahan, C AF Srinivasa, V. Taylor, J. M. Tahan, Charles TI Entangling distant resonant exchange qubits via circuit quantum electrodynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON SPIN; COHERENT CONTROL; DOT; COMPUTATION; CAVITY; SILICON; ARCHITECTURE; INFORMATION; TOMOGRAPHY; PHOTON AB We investigate a hybrid quantum system consisting of spatially separated resonant exchange qubits, defined in three-electron semiconductor triple quantum dots, that are coupled via a superconducting transmission line resonator. Drawing on methods from circuit quantum electrodynamics and Hartmann-Hahn double resonance techniques, we analyze three specific approaches for implementing resonator-mediated two-qubit entangling gates in both dispersive and resonant regimes of interaction. We calculate entangling gate fidelities as well as the rate of relaxation via phonons for resonant exchange qubits in silicon triple dots and show that such an implementation is particularly well suited to achieving the strong coupling regime. Our approach combines the favorable coherence properties of encoded spin qubits in silicon with the rapid and robust long-range entanglement provided by circuit QED systems. C1 [Srinivasa, V.; Tahan, Charles] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Srinivasa, V.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Srinivasa, V (reprint author), Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Srinivasa, V (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM vsriniv@umd.edu NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 16 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 20 AR 205421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.205421 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EC1UQ UT WOS:000387893900007 ER PT J AU Chen, J Wang, XW Kline, SR Liu, Y AF Chen, Jie Wang, Xuewu Kline, Steven R. Liu, Yun TI Size effects of solvent molecules on the phase behavior and effective interaction of colloidal systems with the bridging attraction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE bridging attraction; sticky hard sphere; size effect ID ORNSTEIN-ZERNIKE RELATION; HARD-SPHERE MIXTURES; PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; POLYMER MIXTURES; MODEL; PARTICLES; FLUID; MICROGEL; EQUATION; GELATION AB There has been much recent research interest towards understanding the phase behavior of colloidal systems interacting with a bridging attraction, where the small solvent particles and large solute colloidal particles can be reversibly associated with each other. These systems show interesting phase behavior compared to the more widely studied depletion attraction systems. Here, we use Baxter's two-component sticky hard sphere model with a Percus-Yevick closure to solve the Ornstein-Zernike equation and study the size effect on colloidal systems with bridging attractions. The spinodal decomposition regions, percolation transition boundaries and binodal regions are systematically investigated as a function of the relative size of the small solvent and large solute particles as well as the attraction strength between the small and large particles. In the phase space determined by the concentrations of small and large particles, the spinodal and binodal regions form isolated islands. The locations and shapes of the spinodal and binodal regions sensitively depend on the relative size of the small and large particles and the attraction strength between them. The percolation region shrinks by decreasing the size ratio, while the binodal region slightly expands with the decrease of the size ratio. Our results are very important in understanding the phase behavior for a bridging attraction colloidal system, a model system that provides insight into oppositely charged colloidal systems, protein phase behavior, and colloidal gelation mechanisms. C1 [Chen, Jie; Wang, Xuewu] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chen, Jie; Kline, Steven R.; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM yunliu@nist.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 FU NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB10H256] FX This manuscript was prepared under the partial support of the cooperative agreement 70NANB10H256 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NIST or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 16 PY 2016 VL 28 IS 45 AR 455102 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/28/45/455102 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DY9FO UT WOS:000385439400001 ER PT J AU Yan, Q Wei, T Korty, RL Kossin, JP Zhang, ZS Wang, HJ AF Yan, Qing Wei, Ting Korty, Robert L. Kossin, James P. Zhang, Zhongshi Wang, Huijun TI Enhanced intensity of global tropical cyclones during the mid-Pliocene warm period SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE mid-Pliocene; tropical cyclone; TC-resolving climate modeling ID MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; 12-MILLION-YEAR TEMPERATURE HISTORY; PLIOMIP EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SIMULATIONS; FREQUENCY AB Given the threats that tropical cyclones (TC) pose to people and infrastructure, there is significant interest in how the climatology of these storms may change with climate. The global historical record has been extensively examined, but it is short and plagued with recurring questions about its homogeneity, limiting its effectiveness at assessing how TCs vary with climate. Past warm intervals provide an opportunity to quantify TC behavior in a warmer-than-present world. Here, we use a TC-resolving (similar to 25 km) global atmospheric model to investigate TC activity during the mid-Pliocene warm period (3.264-3.025 Ma) that shares similarities with projections of future climate. Two experiments, one driven by the reconstructed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and the other by the SSTs from an ensemble of mid-Pliocene simulations, consistently predict enhanced global-average peak TC intensity during the mid-Pliocene coupled with longer duration, increased power dissipation, and a poleward migration of the location of peak intensity. The simulations are similar to global TC changes observed during recent global warming, as well as those of many future projections, providing a window into the potential TC activity that may be expected in a warmer world. Changes to power dissipation and TC frequency, especially in the Pacific, are sensitive to the different SST patterns, which could affect the viability of the role of TCs as a factor for maintaining a reduced zonal SST gradient during the Pliocene, as recently hypothesized. C1 [Yan, Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Nansen Zhu Int Res Ctr, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Yan, Qing; Wang, Huijun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wei, Ting] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Korty, Robert L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kossin, James P.] Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Ctr Weather & Climate, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhang, Zhongshi] China Univ Geosci, Sch Environm Studies, Dept Atmospher Sci, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Zhongshi] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res Climate, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. RP Yan, Q (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Nansen Zhu Int Res Ctr, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.; Yan, Q (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM yanqing@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Korty, Robert/E-2534-2012 OI Korty, Robert/0000-0002-8743-5044 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41402158, 41505068, 41472160]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1064013]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center for Weather and Climate FX We thank the PRISM4 and PlioMIP groups for producing and making available their outputs. We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript, and we thank colleagues at the Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre and Climate Change Research Center for helpful discussions in preparing the manuscript. This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41402158, 41505068, and 41472160). R.L.K. is supported by National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1064013. J.P.K. is supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center for Weather and Climate. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 46 BP 12963 EP 12967 DI 10.1073/pnas.1608950113 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ED6MQ UT WOS:000388970100043 PM 27799528 ER PT J AU Mackintosh, SA Dodder, NG Shaul, NJ Aluwihare, LI Maruya, KA Chivers, SJ Danil, K Weller, DW Hoh, E AF Mackintosh, Susan A. Dodder, Nathan G. Shaul, Nellie J. Aluwihare, Lihini I. Maruya, Keith A. Chivers, Susan J. Danil, Kerri Weller, David W. Hoh, Eunha TI Newly Identified DDT-Related Compounds Accumulating in Southern California Bottlenose Dolphins SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PALOS-VERDES SHELF; PREDICTING READY BIODEGRADABILITY; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FRESH-WATER AMPHIPODS; ZERO-VALENT IRON; GCXGC-TOF-MS; DICHLORODIPHENYLTRICHLOROETHANE DDT; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; SUPERFUND SITE AB Nontargeted GCxGC-TOF/MS analysis of blubber from 8 common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting the Southern California Bight was performed to identify novel, bioaccumulative DDT-related compounds and to determine their abundance relative to the commonly studied DDT-related compounds. We identified 45 bioaccumulative DDT-related compounds of which the majority (80%) is not typically monitored in environmental media. Identified compounds include transformation products, technical mixture impurities such as tris(chlorophenyl)methane (TCPM), the presumed TCPM metabolite tris(chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPMOH), and structurally related compounds with unknown sources, such as hexa- to octachlorinated diphenylethene. To investigate impurities in pesticide mixtures as possible sources of these compounds, we analyzed technical DDT, the primary source of historical contamination in the region, and technical Dicofol, a current use pesticide that contains DDT-related compounds. The technical mixtures contained only 33% of the compounds identified in the blubber, suggesting that transformation products contribute to the majority of the load of DDT-related contaminants in these sentinels of ocean health. Quantitative analysis revealed that TCPM was the second most abundant compound class detected in the blubber, following DDE, and TCPMOH loads were greater than DDT. QSPR estimates verified 4,4',4"-TCPM and 4,4'4,"-TCPMOH are persistent and bioaccumulative. C1 [Mackintosh, Susan A.; Dodder, Nathan G.; Shaul, Nellie J.; Aluwihare, Lihini I.; Hoh, Eunha] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mackintosh, Susan A.; Dodder, Nathan G.; Hoh, Eunha] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Mackintosh, Susan A.; Dodder, Nathan G.] San Diego State Univ Res Fdn, 5250 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Shaul, Nellie J.; Aluwihare, Lihini I.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Maruya, Keith A.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, 3535 Harbor Blvd,Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Chivers, Susan J.; Danil, Kerri; Weller, David W.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Hoh, E (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; Hoh, E (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM ehoh@mail.sdsu.edu RI Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015 OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-1313747]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P01-ES021921]; California State University Program for Education and Research in Biotechnology (CSUPERB); SCCWRP FX This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (OCE-1313747) and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P01-ES021921) through the Oceans and Human Health Program, the California State University Program for Education and Research in Biotechnology (CSUPERB), and the member agencies of SCCWRP. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 22 BP 12129 EP 12137 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b03150 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EC5ED UT WOS:000388155000009 PM 27737539 ER PT J AU Young, MJ Schnabel, HD Holder, AM George, SM Musgrave, CB AF Young, Matthias J. Schnabel, Hans-Dieter Holder, Aaron M. George, Steven M. Musgrave, Charles B. TI Band Diagram and Rate Analysis of Thin Film Spinel LiMn2O4 Formed by Electrochemical Conversion of ALD-Grown MnO SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; MANGANESE OXIDE; ENERGY-STORAGE; CATHODE MATERIAL; CHARGE STORAGE; RATE CAPABILITY; ELECTROLYTES; PERFORMANCE; REDUCTION AB Nanoscale spinel lithium manganese oxide is of interest as a high-rate cathode material for advanced battery technologies among other electrochemical applications. In this work, the synthesis of ultrathin films of spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) between 20 and 200 nm in thickness by room-temperature electrochemical conversion of MnO grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is demonstrated. The charge storage properties of LiMn2O4 thin films in electrolytes containing Li+, Na+, K+, and Mg2+ are investigated. A unified electrochemical band-diagram (UEB) analysis of LiMn2O4 informed by screened hybrid density functional theory calculations is also employed to expand on existing understanding of the underpinnings of charge storage and stability in LiMn2O4. It is shown that the incorporation of Li+ or other cations into the host manganese dioxide spinel structure (lambda-MnO2) stabilizes electronic states from the conduction band which align with the known redox potentials of LiMn2O4. Furthermore, the cyclic voltammetry experiments demonstrate that up to 30% of the capacity of LiMn2O4 arises from bulk electronic charge-switching which does not require compensating cation mass transport. The hybrid ALD-electrochemical synthesis, UEB analysis, and unique charge storage mechanism described here provide a fundamental framework to guide the development of future nanoscale electrode materials for ion-incorporation charge storage. C1 [Young, Matthias J.; Holder, Aaron M.; Musgrave, Charles B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schnabel, Hans-Dieter] Westsachs Hsch, Leupold Inst Angew Nat Wissensch, D-08012 Zwickau, Germany. [Young, Matthias J.; George, Steven M.; Musgrave, Charles B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holder, Aaron M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, Matthias J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Musgrave, CB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Musgrave, CB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM charles.musgrave@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE 1144083]; NSF [CHE-1214131, CBET-1433521]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder; Center for Next Generation Materials by Design, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX This work was supported in part (M.J.Y.) by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE 1144083. C.B.M. acknowledges support from the NSF through grants CHE-1214131 and CBET-1433521. This work utilized the Janus supercomputer, which was supported by the National Science Foundation through CNS-0821794 and the University of Colorado Boulder. A.M.H. acknowledges support from the Center for Next Generation Materials by Design, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material were those of the author(s) and did not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 41 U2 41 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 26 IS 43 BP 7895 EP 7907 DI 10.1002/adfm.201602773 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EC5IH UT WOS:000388167400014 ER PT J AU Le Jeannic, H Verma, VB Cavailles, A Marsili, F Shaw, MD Huang, K Morin, O Nam, SW Laurat, J AF Le Jeannic, Hanna Verma, Varun B. Cavailles, Adrien Marsili, Francesco Shaw, Matthew D. Huang, Kun Morin, Olivier Nam, Sae Woo Laurat, Julien TI High-efficiency WSi superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for quantum state engineering in the near infrared SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SQUEEZED STATES; INFORMATION; GENERATION; OPTICS; LIGHT AB We report on high-efficiency superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors based on amorphous tungsten silicide and optimized at 1064 nm. At an operating temperature of 1.8 K, we demonstrated a 93% system detection efficiency at this wavelength with a dark noise of a few counts per second. Combined with cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric downconversion, this fiber-coupled detector enabled us to generate narrowband single photons with a heralding efficiency greater than 90% and a high spectral brightness of 0.6 x 10(4) photons/(s . mW . MHz). Beyond single-photon generation at large rate, such high-efficiency detectors open the path to efficient multiple-photon heralding and complex quantum state engineering. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America. C1 [Le Jeannic, Hanna; Cavailles, Adrien; Huang, Kun; Laurat, Julien] PSL Res Univ, Sorbonne Univ, UPMC, Lab Kastler Brossel,CNRS,ENS,Coll France, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. [Verma, Varun B.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, Francesco; Shaw, Matthew D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Morin, Olivier] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Hans Kopfermann Str 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Laurat, J (reprint author), PSL Res Univ, Sorbonne Univ, UPMC, Lab Kastler Brossel,CNRS,ENS,Coll France, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. EM julien.laurat@upmc.fr RI MORIN, Olivier/A-1075-2017 FU European Research Council (ERC) (HybridNet); Institut Universitaire de France (IUF); Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (InPho, Quiness) FX European Research Council (ERC) (HybridNet); Institut Universitaire de France (IUF); Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (InPho, Quiness). NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 22 BP 5341 EP 5344 DI 10.1364/OL.41.005341 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA EC0AV UT WOS:000387760700052 PM 27842128 ER PT J AU Heckl, OH Bjork, BJ Winkler, G Changala, PB Spaun, B Porat, G Bui, TQ Lee, KF Jiang, J Fermann, ME Schunemann, PG Ye, J AF Heckl, Oliver H. Bjork, Bryce J. Winkler, Georg Changala, P. Bryan Spaun, Ben Porat, Gil Bui, Thinh Q. Lee, Kevin F. Jiang, Jie Fermann, Martin E. Schunemann, Peter G. Ye, Jun TI Three-photon absorption in optical parametric oscillators based on OP-GaAs SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TM-FIBER LASER; MU-M; FREQUENCY COMB; SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTALS AB We report on, to the best of our knowledge, the first singly resonant (SR), synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on orientation-patterned gallium arsenide (OP-GaAs). Together with a doubly resonant (DR) degenerate OPO based on the same OP-GaAs material, the output spectra cover 3 to 6 mu m within similar to 3 dB of relative power. The DR-OPO has the highest output power reported to date from a femtosecond, synchronously pumped OPO based on OP-GaAs. We observed strong three-photon absorption with a coefficient of 0.35 +/- 0.08 cm(3)/GW(2) for our OP-GaAs sample, which limits the output power of these OPOs as mid-IR light sources. We present a detailed study of the three-photon loss on the performance of both the SR- and DR-OPOs, and compare them to those without this loss mechanism. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Heckl, Oliver H.; Bjork, Bryce J.; Changala, P. Bryan; Spaun, Ben; Porat, Gil; Bui, Thinh Q.; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heckl, Oliver H.; Bjork, Bryce J.; Changala, P. Bryan; Spaun, Ben; Porat, Gil; Bui, Thinh Q.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Winkler, Georg] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Atom & Subat Phys, Stadionalle 2, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. [Lee, Kevin F.; Jiang, Jie; Fermann, Martin E.] IMRA Amer Inc, 1044 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Schunemann, Peter G.] BAE Syst, POB 868, Nashua, NH 03063 USA. RP Heckl, OH (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Heckl, OH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM oliver.heckl@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) SCOUT; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontier Center at JILA FX Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) SCOUT; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontier Center at JILA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 22 BP 5405 EP 5408 DI 10.1364/OL.41.005405 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA EC0AV UT WOS:000387760700068 PM 27842144 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Xian, P Holben, BN Hyer, EJ Reid, EA Salinas, SV Zhang, JL Campbell, JR Chew, BN Holz, RE Kuciauskas, AP Lagrosas, N Posselt, DJ Sampson, CR Walker, AL Welton, EJ Zhang, CD AF Reid, Jeffrey S. Xian, Peng Holben, Brent N. Hyer, Edward J. Reid, Elizabeth A. Salinas, Santo V. Zhang, Jianglong Campbell, James R. Chew, Boon Ning Holz, Robert E. Kuciauskas, Arunas P. Lagrosas, Nofel Posselt, Derek J. Sampson, Charles R. Walker, Annette L. Welton, E. Judd Zhang, Chidong TI Aerosol meteorology of the Maritime Continent for the 2012 7SEAS southwest monsoon intensive study - Part 1: regional-scale phenomena SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SMOKE TRANSPORT; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; OPTICAL DEPTH; EL-NINO; SEASONAL PREDICTABILITY; TROPICAL CYCLONES; NORTH PACIFIC; RAINFALL; PHILIPPINES AB The largest 7 Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) operation period within the Maritime Continent (MC) occurred in the August-September 2012 biomass burning season. Included was an enhanced deployment of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometers, multiple lidars, and field measurements to observe transported smoke and pollution as it left the MC and entered the southwest monsoon trough. Here we describe the nature of the overall 2012 southwest monsoon (SWM) and biomass burning season to give context to the 2012 deployment. The MC in 2012 was in a slightly warm El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase and with spatially typical burning activity. However, overall fire counts for 2012 were 10% lower than the Reid et al. (2012) baseline, with regions of significant departures from this norm, ranging from southern Sumatra (+30 %) to southern Kalimantan (-42 %). Fire activity and monsoonal flows for the dominant burning regions were modulated by a series of intraseasonal oscillation events (e.g., Madden-Julian Oscillation, or MJO, and boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation, or BSISO). As is typical, fire activity systematically progressed eastward over time, starting with central Sumatran fire activity in June related to a moderately strong MJO event which brought drier air from the Indian Ocean aloft and enhanced monsoonal flow. Further burning in Sumatra and Kalimantan Borneo occurred in a series of significant events from early August to a peak in the first week of October, ending when the monsoon started to migrate back to its wintertime northeastern flow conditions in mid-October. Significant monsoonal enhancements and flow reversals collinear with tropical cyclone (TC) activity and easterly waves were also observed. Islands of the eastern MC, including Sulawesi, Java, and Timor, showed less sensitivity to monsoonal variation, with slowly increasing fire activity that also peaked in early October but lingered into November. Interestingly, even though fire counts were middling, resultant AERONET 500 nm aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from fire activity was high, with maximums of 3.6 and 5.6 in the Sumatra and Kalimantan source regions at the end of the burning season and an average of similar to 1. AOTs could also be high at receptor sites, with a mean and maximum of 0.57 and 1.24 in Singapore and 0.61 and 0.8 in Kuching Sarawak. Ultimately, outside of the extreme 2015 El Nino event, average AERONET AOT values were higher than any other time since sites were established. Thus, while satellite fire data, models, and AERONET all qualitatively agree on the nature of smoke production and transport, the MC's complex environment resulted in clear differences in quantitative interpretation of these datasets. C1 [Reid, Jeffrey S.; Xian, Peng; Hyer, Edward J.; Reid, Elizabeth A.; Campbell, James R.; Kuciauskas, Arunas P.; Sampson, Charles R.; Walker, Annette L.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Holben, Brent N.; Welton, E. Judd] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Salinas, Santo V.] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, Singapore, Singapore. [Zhang, Jianglong] Univ North Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND USA. [Chew, Boon Ning] Meteorol Serv, Singapore, Singapore. [Holz, Robert E.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Lagrosas, Nofel] Manila Observ, Manila, Philippines. [Posselt, Derek J.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Zhang, Chidong] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jeffrey.reid@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; LAGROSAS, NOFEL/0000-0002-8672-4717 FU Southeast Asia Composition, Cloud, Climate Coupling Regional Study (SEAC4RS) science team; NASA [NNG13HH10I] FX We are grateful to all participants of the 2012 7SEAS intensive study and are in particular to the host institutions for regional AERONET site deployment and the use of derived optical thickness data herein. Authors also benefitted from conversations with Eric Maloney (CSU), Matthew Wheeler (CSIRO), and Chidong Zhang (U of Miami). Funding for US scientist deployment and instrument analysis was provided by the NRL Base Program and ONR 35. Modeling analysis was provided by ONR 32. Remote sensing and model analysis was provided by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. Ground site deployments were supported by the NASA Radiation Science Program through a grant from the Southeast Asia Composition, Cloud, Climate Coupling Regional Study (SEAC4RS) science team. Author James R. Campbell acknowledges the support of NASA Interagency Agreement NNG13HH10I on behalf of MPLNET and SEAC4RS science teams. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 22 BP 14041 EP 14056 DI 10.5194/acp-16-14041-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC1JN UT WOS:000387860800001 ER PT J AU Brubaker, MD Roshko, A Blanchard, PT Harvey, TE Sanford, NA Bertness, KA AF Brubaker, Matt D. Roshko, Alexana Blanchard, Paul T. Harvey, Todd E. Sanford, Norman A. Bertness, Kris A. TI Spontaneous growth of GaN nanowire nuclei on N- and Al-polar AlN: A piezoresponse force microscopy study of crystallographic polarity SO MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Gallium nitride; Nanowires; Crystallographic polarity; Piezoresponse force microscopy ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS; CRYSTAL-POLARITY; NUCLEATION AB The polarity of gallium nitride (GaN) nanowire nuclei grown on AIN layers was studied by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). N- or Al-polar AlN layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on Si (111) substrates by use of Al- or N-rich growth conditions, respectively. Short and low density GaN nanowires were then grown on each AlN polarity type. PFM measurements verified the expected AIN layer polarity and further indicated that predominantly N-polar nanowires are produced for growth on both AIN polarity types. Cross-section scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images further reveal that the nanowires on Al-polar AlN films are nucleated on regions in the AIN layer that contain inversion domains, which propagate into the GaN nanowire nuclei. PFM measurements were found to be a convenient technique for mapping the polarity of a statistically significant number of individual GaN nanowires. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brubaker, Matt D.; Roshko, Alexana; Blanchard, Paul T.; Harvey, Todd E.; Sanford, Norman A.; Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Brubaker, MD (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matthew.brubaker@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX Financial support for this research was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-8001 EI 1873-4081 J9 MAT SCI SEMICON PROC JI Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 55 SI SI BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.mssp.2016.02.016 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA EC3WS UT WOS:000388058400012 ER PT J AU Stewart, JA Gutjahr, M James, RH Anand, P Wilson, PA AF Stewart, Joseph A. Gutjahr, Marcus James, Rachael H. Anand, Pallavi Wilson, Paul A. TI Influence of the Amazon River on the Nd isotope composition of deep water in the western equatorial Atlantic during the Oligocene-Miocene transition SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE neodymium isotopes; fish teeth; foraminifera; Amazon; Oligocene-Miocene; ODP Site 926 ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ANTARCTIC SOUTH ATLANTIC; FOSSIL FISH TEETH; NEODYMIUM ISOTOPES; OCEAN CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC OCEANS; INDIAN-OCEAN; SEAWATER SR; CEARA RISE AB Dissolved and particulate neodymium (Nd) are mainly supplied to the oceans via rivers, dust, and release from marine sediments along continental margins. This process, together with the short oceanic residence time of Nd, gives rise to pronounced spatial gradients in oceanic Nd-143/Nd-144 ratios (epsilon(Nd)). However, we do not yet have a good understanding of the extent to which the influence of riverine point-source Nd supply can be distinguished from changes in mixing between different water masses in the marine geological record. This gap in knowledge is important to fill because there is growing awareness that major global climate transitions may be associated not only with changes in large-scale ocean water mass mixing, but also with important changes in continental hydroclimate and weathering. Here we present epsilon(Nd) data for fossilised fish teeth, planktonic foraminifera, and the Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide and detrital fractions of sediments recovered from Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) Site 926 on Ceara Rise, situated approximately 800 km from the mouth of the River Amazon. Our records span the Mi-1 glaciation event during the Oligocene-Miocene transition (OMT; similar to 23 Ma). We compare our epsilon(Nd) records with data for ambient deep Atlantic northern and southern component waters to assess the influence of particulate input from the Amazon River on Nd in ancient deep waters at this site. epsilon(Nd) values for all of our fish teeth, foraminifera, and Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide samples are extremely unradiogenic (epsilon(Nd) approximate to -15); much lower than the epsilon(Nd) for deep waters of modern or Oligocene-Miocene age from the North Atlantic (epsilon(Nd) approximate to -10) and South Atlantic (epsilon(Nd) approximate to -8). This finding suggests that partial dissolution of detrital particulate material from the Amazon (epsilon(Nd) approximate to 18) strongly influences the epsilon(Nd) values of deep waters at Ceara Rise across the OMT. We conclude that terrestrially derived inputs of Nd can affect epsilon(Nd) values of deep water many hundreds of kilometres from source. Our results both underscore the need for care in reconstructing changes in large-scale oceanic water-mass mixing using sites proximal to major rivers, and highlight the potential of these marine archives for tracing changes in continental hydroclimate and weathering. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stewart, Joseph A.; James, Rachael H.; Wilson, Paul A.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Stewart, Joseph A.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Gutjahr, Marcus] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Wischhofstr 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Anand, Pallavi] Open Univ, Sch Environm Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Stewart, JA (reprint author), NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Joseph.Stewart@noaa.gov RI Gutjahr, Marcus/L-9158-2013 OI Gutjahr, Marcus/0000-0003-2556-2619 FU US National Science Foundation; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/D005108/1, NE/K014137/1]; Royal Society Research Merit Award FX This work used samples provided by the (Integrated) Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), which is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation and participating countries under management of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI), Inc. We thank Walter Hale and staff at the Bremen Core Repository for their help in obtaining core material and also Guy Rothwell of BOSCORF for providing core top material for production of our in-house foraminiferal calcite standards. We thank Dieter Garbe-Schonberg (University Kiel) and Ana Kolevica (GEOMAR Kiel) for their help in detrital sample processing. We are indebted to Gavin Foster, Carrie Lear, Dan Murphy, Fred Le Moigne, Helen Griffin and Anya Crocker for their advice and helpful discussion of the manuscript. We also thank Derek Vance for assistance with deconvolution of Nd isotope data and Matt Cooper, Darryl Green and Andy Milton for their help with laboratory work. Three anonymous reviewers and the editor provided constructive reviews that improved an earlier version of the manuscript.; Financial support was provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council, award # NE/D005108/1 to R.H.J and NE/K014137/1 and a Royal Society Research Merit Award to P.A.W. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 454 BP 132 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.08.037 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EA5FV UT WOS:000386645700015 ER PT J AU Zhang, YX Wang, CM Li, Y Cheng, HB Liu, ML Xue, CH Xu, HW Ouyang, J AF Zhang, Yunxiang Wang, Chun-Ming Li, Yao Cheng, Hongbo Liu, Menglin Xue, Caihong Xu, Huiwen Ouyang, Jun TI Enhancing electromechanical properties of CaBi2Nb2O9 thin films grown on Si SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Magnetron sputtering; YSZ-buffered Si; Electrical properties; Strain engineering; Bismuth-layer structured ferroelectrics ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; SI(100); EXPANSION; CERAMICS; SILICON AB In this work, ferroelectric CaBi2Nb2O9 thin films were grown on Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-buffered (100) Si substrate via radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. X-Ray diffraction analysis showed that the CaBi2Nb2O9 films were (200/020) textured, while the commonly-observed (001) grains which are weakly polarizable have been eliminated. Enhanced dielectric (similar to 533 @ 5 kHz) and ferroelectric properties (P-r similar to 13 mu C/cm(2), P-s similar to 55 mu C/cm(2) @ 1 kHz) were achieved in this high Tc piezoelectric material, leading to a significant improvement of the d(33) piezoelectric modulus (from similar to 15-20 pm/V to similar to 30 pm/v). The method of strain engineering used in this work can be applied to the integration of other bismuth-layer structured ferroelectrics into Si-based microelectronics. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yunxiang; Li, Yao; Cheng, Hongbo; Liu, Menglin; Xue, Caihong; Xu, Huiwen; Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yunxiang; Li, Yao; Cheng, Hongbo; Liu, Menglin; Xue, Caihong; Xu, Huiwen; Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Suzhou Inst, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chun-Ming] Shandong Univ, Sch Phys, State Key Lab Crystal Mat, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Ouyang, Jun] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ouyang, J (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China.; Ouyang, J (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Suzhou Inst, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China. EM ouyangjun@sdu.edu.cn RI Wang, Chun-Ming/A-5528-2008; OI Ouyang, Jun/0000-0003-2446-2958 FU NSFC of China [91122024, 50902087]; NSFC of Shandong Province of China [ZR2012EMQ005, ZR2014EMM012]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry); Nano Projects of Soochow City [ZXG201445]; Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University [2015JC034, 2015YQ009, 2016JC036]; "Qi-Lu Young Scholar Fund" of Shandong University; Material Measurement Laboratory of NIST, Gaithersburg, MD (USA); [2015JMRH0103] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the NSFC of China (Project Grant No. 91122024 and No. 50902087), the NSFC of Shandong Province of China (Project Grant No. ZR2012EMQ005 and ZR2014EMM012), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry), Nano Projects of Soochow City (Grant No. ZXG201445), the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (Grant Nos. 2015JC034, 2015YQ009 and 2016JC036), and a foundation under the Grant No. 2015JMRH0103. J.O. would also like to thank the "Qi-Lu Young Scholar Fund" of Shandong University and the support from the Material Measurement Laboratory of NIST, Gaithersburg, MD (USA). NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 EI 1873-3956 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 42 IS 15 BP 17928 EP 17931 DI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.08.034 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA DY0JW UT WOS:000384784100200 ER PT J AU Le Quere, C Andrew, RM Canadell, JG Sitch, S Korsbakken, JI Peters, GP Manning, AC Boden, TA Tans, PP Houghton, RA Keeling, RF Alin, S Andrews, OD Anthoni, P Barbero, L Bopp, L Chevallier, F Chini, LP Ciais, P Currie, K Delire, C Doney, SC Friedlingstein, P Gkritzalis, T Harris, I Hauck, J Haverd, V Hoppema, M Goldewijk, KK Jain, AK Kato, E Kortzinger, A Landschutzer, P Lefevre, N Lenton, A Lienert, S Lombardozzi, D Melton, JR Metzl, N Millero, F Monteiro, PMS Munro, DR Nabel, JEMS Nakaoka, S O'Brien, K Olsen, A Omar, AM Ono, T Pierrot, D Poulter, B Rodenbeck, C Salisbury, J Schuster, U Schwinger, J Seferian, R Skjelvan, I Stocker, BD Sutton, AJ Takahashi, T Tian, HQ Tilbrook, B van der Laan-Luijkx, IT van der Werf, GR Viovy, N Walker, AP Wiltshire, AJ Zaehle, S AF Le Quere, Corinne Andrew, Robbie M. Canadell, Josep G. Sitch, Stephen Korsbakken, Jan Ivar Peters, Glen P. Manning, Andrew C. Boden, Thomas A. Tans, Pieter P. Houghton, Richard A. Keeling, Ralph F. Alin, Simone Andrews, Oliver D. Anthoni, Peter Barbero, Leticia Bopp, Laurent Chevallier, Frederic Chini, Louise P. Ciais, Philippe Currie, Kim Delire, Christine Doney, Scott C. Friedlingstein, Pierre Gkritzalis, Thanos Harris, Ian Hauck, Judith Haverd, Vanessa Hoppema, Mario Goldewijk, Kees Klein Jain, Atul K. Kato, Etsushi Koertzinger, Arne Landschuetzer, Peter Lefevre, Nathalie Lenton, Andrew Lienert, Sebastian Lombardozzi, Danica Melton, Joe R. Metzl, Nicolas Millero, Frank Monteiro, Pedro M. S. Munro, David R. Nabel, Julia E. M. S. Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro O'Brien, Kevin Olsen, Are Omar, Abdirahman M. Ono, Tsuneo Pierrot, Denis Poulter, Benjamin Roedenbeck, Christian Salisbury, Joe Schuster, Ute Schwinger, Joerg Seferian, Roland Skjelvan, Ingunn Stocker, Benjamin D. Sutton, Adrienne J. Takahashi, Taro Tian, Hanqin Tilbrook, Bronte van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T. van der Werf, Guido R. Viovy, Nicolas Walker, Anthony P. Wiltshire, Andrew J. Zaehle, Soenke TI Global Carbon Budget 2016 SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES; FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION; CO2 FLUX VARIABILITY; MIXED-LAYER SCHEME; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; MODEL DESCRIPTION; ATLAS SOCAT AB Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere - the "global carbon budget" - is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics, and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. We discuss changes compared to previous estimates and consistency within and among components, alongside methodology and data limitations. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (E-FF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (E-LUC), mainly deforestation, are based on combined evidence from land-cover change data, fire activity associated with deforestation, and models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The mean ocean CO2 sink (S-OCEAN) is based on observations from the 1990s, while the annual anomalies and trends are estimated with ocean models. The variability in S-OCEAN is evaluated with data products based on surveys of ocean CO2 measurements. The global residual terrestrial CO2 sink (S-LAND) is estimated by the difference of the other terms of the global carbon budget and compared to results of independent dynamic global vegetation models. We compare the mean land and ocean fluxes and their variability to estimates from three atmospheric inverse methods for three broad latitude bands. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma, reflecting the current capacity to characterise the annual estimates of each component of the global carbon budget. For the last decade available (2006-2015), E-FF was 9.3 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), E-LUC 1.0 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), G(ATM) 4.5 +/- 0.1 GtC yr(-1), S-OCEAN 2.6 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), and S-LAND 3.1 +/- 0.9 GtC yr(-1). For year 2015 alone, the growth in E-FF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), showing a slowdown in growth of these emissions compared to the average growth of 1.8% yr(-1) that took place during 2006-2015. Also, for 2015, E-LUC was 1.3 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), G(ATM) was 6.3 +/- 0.2 GtC yr(-1), S-OCEAN was 3.0 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), and S-LAND was 1.9 +/- 0.9 GtC yr(-1). G(ATM) was higher in 2015 compared to the past decade (2006-2015), reflecting a smaller S-LAND for that year. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 399.4 +/- 0.1 ppm averaged over 2015. For 2016, preliminary data indicate the continuation of low growth in E-FF with +0.2% (range of -1.0 to +1.8 %) based on national emissions projections for China and USA, and projections of gross domestic product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. In spite of the low growth of E-FF in 2016, the growth rate in atmospheric CO2 concentration is expected to be relatively high because of the persistence of the smaller residual terrestrial sink (S-LAND) in response to El Nino conditions of 2015-2016. From this projection of E-FF and assumed constant E-LUC for 2016, cumulative emissions of CO2 will reach 565 +/- 55 GtC (2075 +/- 205 GtCO(2)) for 1870-2016, about 75% from E-FF and 25% from E-LUC. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quere et al., 2015b, a, 2014, 2013). All observations presented here can be downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (doi: 10.3334/CDIAC/GCP_2016). C1 [Le Quere, Corinne; Andrews, Oliver D.] Univ East Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Andrew, Robbie M.; Korsbakken, Jan Ivar; Peters, Glen P.] Univ East Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Canadell, Josep G.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Sitch, Stephen; Schuster, Ute] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Global Carbon Project, GPO Box 3023, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Manning, Andrew C.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Boden, Thomas A.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Tans, Pieter P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Houghton, Richard A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Keeling, Ralph F.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Alin, Simone; Sutton, Adrienne J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Anthoni, Peter] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Barbero, Leticia; Pierrot, Denis] Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Environm Re, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Barbero, Leticia; Pierrot, Denis] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bopp, Laurent; Chevallier, Frederic; Ciais, Philippe; Viovy, Nicolas] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlant Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Chini, Louise P.] CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace,Lab Sci Climat & Enviro, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Currie, Kim] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Delire, Christine; Seferian, Roland] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Doney, Scott C.] CNRS, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Unite Mixte Rech Meteo France 3589, 42 Ave Gaspard Coriolis, F-31100 Toulouse, France. [Friedlingstein, Pierre] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gkritzalis, Thanos] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Harris, Ian] InnovOcean, Flanders Marine Inst, Wandelaarkaai 7, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium. [Hauck, Judith; Hoppema, Mario] Univ East Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Haverd, Vanessa] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-120161 Postfach, Germany. [Goldewijk, Kees Klein] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Goldewijk, Kees Klein] PBL Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, The Hague, Netherlands. [Jain, Atul K.] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Kato, Etsushi] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. [Koertzinger, Arne] Inst Appl Energy, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1050003, Japan. [Landschuetzer, Peter; Nabel, Julia E. M. S.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Lefevre, Nathalie; Metzl, Nicolas] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Lenton, Andrew] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, IRD,MNHN,LOCEAN IPSL Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. [Lienert, Sebastian] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, POB 1538, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Lienert, Sebastian] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Climate & Environm Phys, Bern, Switzerland. [Lombardozzi, Danica] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. [Melton, Joe R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res Climate & Global Dynam, Terr Sci Sect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Millero, Frank] Climate Res Div, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Monteiro, Pedro M. S.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, MAC, Dept Ocean Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Munro, David R.] CSIR, CHPC, Ocean Syst & Climate, ZA-7700 Cape Town, South Africa. [Munro, David R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [O'Brien, Kevin; Sutton, Adrienne J.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Olsen, Are; Omar, Abdirahman M.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Olsen, Are; Omar, Abdirahman M.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Allegaten 70, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Ono, Tsuneo] Univ Bergen, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Allegaten 70, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Poulter, Benjamin] Japan Fisheries Res & Educ Agcy, Natl Res Inst Far Sea Fisheries, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. [Poulter, Benjamin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Roedenbeck, Christian; Zaehle, Soenke] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Salisbury, Joe] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, POB 600164,Hans Knoll Str 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Schwinger, Joerg; Skjelvan, Ingunn] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, 161 Morse Hall,8 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Stocker, Benjamin D.] Uni Res Climate, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Nygardsgaten 112, N-5008 Bergen, Norway. [Takahashi, Taro] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Silwood Pk, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Tian, Hanqin] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Tilbrook, Bronte] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 602 Ducan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Tilbrook, Bronte] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T.] Antarct Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [van der Werf, Guido R.] Wageningen Univ & Res, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Walker, Anthony P.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Walker, Anthony P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Wiltshire, Andrew J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM c.lequere@uea.ac.uk RI Lenton, Andrew/D-2077-2012; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; OI Lenton, Andrew/0000-0001-9437-8896; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Andrew, Robbie/0000-0001-8590-6431 FU International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP); Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS); Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry, Ecosystem Research (IMBER) programme FX We thank all people and institutions who provided the data used in this carbon budget; C. Enright, W. Peters, and S. Shu for their involvement in the development, use, and analysis of the models and data products used here; F. Joos and S. Khatiwala for providing historical data; and P. Regnier for assistance in describing LOAC fluxes. We thank E. Dlugokencky, who provided the atmospheric CO2 measurements used here; B. Pfeil, C. Landa, and S. Jones of the Bjerknes Climate Data Centre and the ICOS Ocean Thematic Centre data management at the University of Bergen, who helped with gathering information from the SOCAT community; D. Bakker for support with the SOCAT coordination; and all those involved in collecting and providing oceanographic CO2 measurements used here, in particular for the new ocean data for years 2015: A. Andersson, N. Bates, R. Bott, A. Cattrijsse, E. De Carlo, C. Dietrich, L. Gregor, C. Hunt, T. Johannessen, W. R. Joubert, A. Kuwata, S. K. Lauvset, C. Lo Monaco, S. Maenner, D. Manzello, N. Monacci, S. Musielewicz, T. Newberger, A. Olsen, J. Osborne, C. Sabine, S. C. Sutherland, C. Sweeney, K. Tadokoro, S. van Heuven, D. Vandemark, and R. Wanninkhof. We thank the institutions and funding agencies responsible for the collection and quality control of the data included in SOCAT, and the support of the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry, Ecosystem Research (IMBER) programme. We thank data providers to ObsPack GLOBALVIEWplus v1.0 and NRT v3.0 for atmospheric CO2 observations used in CTE2016-FT. This is NOAA-PMEL contribution number 4576. NR 158 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PD NOV 14 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 BP 605 EP 649 DI 10.5194/essd-8-605-2016 PG 45 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN8HS UT WOS:000396242100001 ER PT J AU Wheatley, RJ Harvey, AH AF Wheatley, Richard J. Harvey, Allan H. TI Intermolecular potential energy surface and second virial coefficients for the water-CO2 dimer (vol 134, 134309, 2011) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Wheatley, Richard J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Harvey, Allan H.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wheatley, RJ (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM Richard.Wheatley@nottingham.ac.uk OI Wheatley, Richard/0000-0002-2096-7708 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2016 VL 145 IS 18 AR 189901 DI 10.1063/1.4967488 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA ED1OZ UT WOS:000388616100042 PM 27846683 ER PT J AU Lehman, J Steiger, A Tomlin, N White, M Kehrt, M Ryger, I Stephens, M Monte, C Mueller, I Hollandt, J Dowell, M AF Lehman, John Steiger, Andreas Tomlin, Nathan White, Malcolm Kehrt, Mathias Ryger, Ivan Stephens, Michelle Monte, Christian Mueller, Ingmar Hollandt, Joerg Dowell, Marla TI Planar hyperblack absolute radiometer SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CARBON; THZ AB The absolute responsivity of a planar cryogenic radiometer fabricated from micromachined silicon and having carbon nanotubes, as the absorber and thermistor were measured in the visible and far infrared (free-field terahertz) wavelength range by means of detector-based radiometry. The temperature coefficient of the thermistor near 4.8 K and noise equivalent power were evaluated along with independent characterization of the window transmittance and specular reflectance of the nanotube absorber. Measurements of absolute power by means of electrical substitution are compared to the German national standard and the uncertainty of the radiometer responsivity as a function of wavelength is summarized. (C) 2016 The manuscript is a contribution of the US Government and is not subject to copyright. C1 [Lehman, John; Tomlin, Nathan; White, Malcolm; Ryger, Ivan; Stephens, Michelle; Dowell, Marla] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Steiger, Andreas; Kehrt, Mathias; Monte, Christian; Mueller, Ingmar; Hollandt, Joerg] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. RP Lehman, J (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation [100005156] FX Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (100005156). NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 14 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 23 BP 25911 EP 25921 DI 10.1364/OE.24.025911 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA EC8TC UT WOS:000388414600002 PM 27857330 ER PT J AU Ragole, S Taylor, JM AF Ragole, Stephen Taylor, Jacob M. TI Interacting Atomic Interferometry for Rotation Sensing Approaching the Heisenberg Limit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; JUNCTIONS; GRAVITY; TESTS; GAS AB Atom interferometers provide exquisite measurements of the properties of noninertial frames. While atomic interactions are typically detrimental to good sensing, efforts to harness entanglement to improve sensitivity remain tantalizing. Here we explore the role of interactions in an analogy between atomic gyroscopes and SQUIDs, motivated by recent experiments realizing ring-shaped traps for ultracold atoms. We explore the one-dimensional limit of these ring systems with a moving weak barrier, such as that provided by a blue-detuned laser beam. In this limit, we employ Luttinger liquid theory and find an analogy with the superconducting phase-slip qubit, in which the topological charge associated with persistent currents can be put into superposition. In particular, we find that strongly interacting atoms in such a system could be used for precision rotation sensing. We compare the performance of this new sensor to an equivalent noninteracting atom interferometer, and find improvements in sensitivity and bandwidth beyond the atomic shot-noise limit. C1 [Ragole, Stephen; Taylor, Jacob M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ragole, Stephen; Taylor, Jacob M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, Jacob M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ragole, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Ragole, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ragole@umd.edu FU NSF - Physics Frontier Center [PHYS 1430094] FX We thank L. Mathey, G. K. Campbell, and G. Zhu for insightful discussions and helpful feedback. Funding was provided by the NSF supported Physics Frontier Center (Grant No. PHYS 1430094) at the JQI. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2016 VL 117 IS 20 AR 203002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.203002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EB7DB UT WOS:000387544900002 PM 27886499 ER PT J AU Regal, C Ye, J AF Regal, Cindy Ye, Jun TI Deborah S. Jin (1968-2016) SO SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Regal, Cindy] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Regal, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM regal@colorado.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 11 PY 2016 VL 354 IS 6313 BP 709 EP 709 DI 10.1126/science.aal2545 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EB4FS UT WOS:000387326300020 PM 27846594 ER PT J AU Mok, J Krotkov, NA Arola, A Torres, O Jethva, H Andrade, M Labow, G Eck, TF Li, ZQ Dickerson, RR Stenchikov, GL Osipov, S Ren, XR AF Mok, Jungbin Krotkov, Nickolay A. Arola, Antti Torres, Omar Jethva, Hiren Andrade, Marcos Labow, Gordon Eck, Thomas F. Li, Zhanqing Dickerson, Russell R. Stenchikov, Georgiy L. Osipov, Sergey Ren, Xinrong TI Impacts of brown carbon from biomass burning on surface UV and ozone photochemistry in the Amazon Basin SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION EXPERIMENT 2002; SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ORGANIC-CARBON; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BLACK CARBON; MEXICO-CITY; PART 1; AEROSOLS AB The spectral dependence of light absorption by atmospheric particulate matter has major implications for air quality and climate forcing, but remains uncertain especially in tropical areas with extensive biomass burning. In the September-October 2007 biomass-burning season in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, we studied light absorbing (chromophoric) organic or "brown" carbon (BrC) with surface and space-based remote sensing. We found that BrC has negligible absorption at visible wavelengths, but significant absorption and strong spectral dependence at UV wavelengths. Using the ground-based inversion of column effective imaginary refractive index in the range 305-368 nm, we quantified a strong spectral dependence of absorption by BrC in the UV and diminished ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation reaching the surface. Reduced UV-B means less erythema, plant damage, and slower photolysis rates. We use a photochemical box model to show that relative to black carbon (BC) alone, the combined optical properties of BrC and BC slow the net rate of production of ozone by up to 18% and lead to reduced concentrations of radicals OH, HO2, and RO2 by up to 17%, 15%, and 14%, respectively. The optical properties of BrC aerosol change in subtle ways the generally adverse effects of smoke from biomass burning. C1 [Mok, Jungbin; Li, Zhanqing; Dickerson, Russell R.; Ren, Xinrong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci AOSC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mok, Jungbin; Li, Zhanqing] Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Krotkov, Nickolay A.; Torres, Omar; Jethva, Hiren; Labow, Gordon; Eck, Thomas F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Arola, Antti] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio, Finland. [Jethva, Hiren; Eck, Thomas F.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Andrade, Marcos] Univ Mayor San Andres, Inst Phys Res, Lab Atmospher Phys, La Paz, Bolivia. [Labow, Gordon] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Li, Zhanqing] Beijing Normal Univ, State Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Stenchikov, Georgiy L.; Osipov, Sergey] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Phys Sci & Engn, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. [Ren, Xinrong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. RP Li, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci AOSC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Li, ZQ (reprint author), Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Li, ZQ (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM zli@atmos.umd.edu RI Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010; OI Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X; Arola, Antti/0000-0002-9220-0194 FU ESSIC-NASA Master grant [5266960]; National Science Foundation [AGS1118325, AGS1534670]; MOST [2013CB955804]; NSFC [91544217]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); NASA Earth Science Division, Radiation Sciences and Atmospheric Composition programs FX J.M. and Z.L. were supported by ESSIC-NASA Master grant (5266960), the National Science Foundation (AGS1118325, AGS1534670), MOST (2013CB955804), and NSFC (91544217). G.S. and S.O. were supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and used the resources of the Supercomputing Laboratory at KAUST in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. The authors acknowledge support from NASA Earth Science Division, Radiation Sciences and Atmospheric Composition programs. The authors also thank the AERONET and UV-B Monitoring and Research Program team members. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 23 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 11 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 36940 DI 10.1038/srep36940 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EB6EO UT WOS:000387474300001 PM 27833145 ER PT J AU Phillips, SD Shakarji, CM Balsamo, A Krystek, M Morse, E AF Phillips, S. D. Shakarji, C. M. Balsamo, A. Krystek, M. Morse, E. TI The 2016 Revision of ISO 1-Standard Reference Temperature for the Specification of Geometrical and Dimensional Properties SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CTE; dimensional metrology; ISO 1; standard reference temperature; thermal expansion AB This paper discusses the changes in the 2016 (third edition) of International Standard ISO 1. While the value of the standard reference temperature remains unchanged at 20 degrees C, the important definitions for the "reference temperature" and "standard reference temperature," absent in prior editions, are now defined, with the latter exclusively reserved for the assignment of the internationally agreed upon temperature of 20 degrees C. The scope of the revised Standard has been carefully refined and made more explicit. This, together with other clarifications and improvements, has eliminated the ambiguities associated with specifications at non-standard reference temperatures and allows, if needed, different reference temperatures to be associated with different properties of a workpiece. The relationship between ISO 1 and dimensional measurements is also discussed and clarified. In this paper, we discuss the motivation for these changes and present several issues debated during the revision process for the benefit of future standards committees that might study this topic. C1 [Phillips, S. D.; Shakarji, C. M.] NIST, Dimens Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balsamo, A.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Turin, Italy. [Krystek, M.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, German Natl Metrol Inst, Braunschweig, Germany. [Krystek, M.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, German Natl Metrol Inst, Berlin, Germany. [Morse, E.] Univ N Carolina, Mech Engn, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Phillips, SD (reprint author), NIST, Dimens Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.phillips@nist.gov; craig.shakarji@nist.gov; a.balsamo@inrim.it; michael.krystek@gmx.de; edward.morse@uncc.edu OI Balsamo, Alessandro/0000-0003-1117-8501 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV 10 PY 2016 VL 121 DI 10.6028/jres.121.026 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EC6KM UT WOS:000388244900001 ER PT J AU Krakauer, NY Puma, MJ Cook, BI Gentine, P Nazarenko, L AF Krakauer, Nir Y. Puma, Michael J. Cook, Benjamin I. Gentine, Pierre Nazarenko, Larissa TI Ocean-atmosphere interactions modulate irrigation's climate impacts SO EARTH SYSTEM DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER CHANGES; GLOBAL CLIMATE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION MODEL; NORTHERN WINTER; GISS MODELE2; WATER-VAPOR; MONSOON; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS AB Numerous studies have focused on the local and regional climate effects of irrigated agriculture and other land cover and land use change (LCLUC) phenomena, but there are few studies on the role of ocean-atmosphere interaction in modulating irrigation climate impacts. Here, we compare simulations with and without interactive sea surface temperatures of the equilibrium effect on climate of contemporary (year 2000) irrigation geographic extent and intensity. We find that ocean-atmosphere interaction does impact the magnitude of global-mean and spatially varying climate impacts, greatly increasing their global reach. Local climate effects in the irrigated regions remain broadly similar, while non-local effects, particularly over the oceans, tend to be larger. The interaction amplifies irrigation-driven standing wave patterns in the tropics and midlatitudes in our simulations, approximately doubling the global-mean amplitude of surface temperature changes due to irrigation. The fractions of global area experiencing significant annual-mean surface air temperature and precipitation change also approximately double with ocean-atmosphere interaction. Subject to confirmation with other models, these findings imply that LCLUC is an important contributor to climate change even in remote areas such as the Southern Ocean, and that attribution studies should include interactive oceans and need to consider LCLUC, including irrigation, as a truly global forcing that affects climate and the water cycle over ocean as well as land areas. C1 [Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Puma, Michael J.; Nazarenko, Larissa] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Puma, Michael J.; Cook, Benjamin I.; Nazarenko, Larissa] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Puma, Michael J.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate & Life, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Gentine, Pierre] Columbia Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA. RP Krakauer, NY (reprint author), CUNY, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA.; Krakauer, NY (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM mail@nirkrakauer.net RI Cook, Benjamin/H-2265-2012 FU NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulations (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center; Interdisciplinary Global Change Research under NASA - NASA Climate and Earth Observing Program [NNX14AB99A]; Columbia University Center for Climate and Life; NOAA [NA11SEC4810004, NA12OAR4310084, NA15OAR4310080]; CUNY [68346-00 46, 2207]; USAID IPM Innovation Lab award "Participatory Biodiversity and Climate Change Assessment for Integrated Pest Management in the Annapurna-Chitwan Landscape, Nepal"; U.S. government FX Climate modeling at GISS is supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulations (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. The authors specifically thank Maxwell Kelly for assistance with the model irrigation module and output diagnostics. Michael J. Puma gratefully acknowledges support from the Interdisciplinary Global Change Research under NASA cooperative agreement NNX14AB99A supported by the NASA Climate and Earth Observing Program and from the Columbia University Center for Climate and Life, where he is a Climate and Life Fellow. Nir Y. Krakauer gratefully acknowledges support from NOAA under grants NA11SEC4810004, NA12OAR4310084, and NA15OAR4310080; from CUNY through PSC-CUNY Award 68346-00 46 and CUNY CIRG Award 2207; and from USAID IPM Innovation Lab award "Participatory Biodiversity and Climate Change Assessment for Integrated Pest Management in the Annapurna-Chitwan Landscape, Nepal". All statements made are the views of the authors and not the opinions of the funding agency or the U.S. government. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2190-4979 EI 2190-4987 J9 EARTH SYST DYNAM JI Earth Syst. Dynam. PD NOV 10 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 4 BP 863 EP 876 DI 10.5194/esd-7-863-2016 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EB5ZC UT WOS:000387458600002 ER PT J AU He, YM Iff, O Lundt, N Baumann, V Davanco, M Srinivasan, K Hofling, S Schneider, C AF He, Yu-Ming Iff, Oliver Lundt, Nils Baumann, Vasilij Davanco, Marcelo Srinivasan, Kartik Hoefling, Sven Schneider, Christian TI Cascaded emission of single photons from the biexciton in monolayered WSe2 SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; ATOMICALLY THIN SEMICONDUCTOR; QUANTUM-DOT; RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE; VALLEY POLARIZATION; MOS2; EXCITONS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EMITTERS; LIGHT AB Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenide materials emerged as a new material class to study excitonic effects in solid state, as they benefit from enormous Coulomb correlations between electrons and holes. Especially in WSe2, sharp emission features have been observed at cryogenic temperatures, which act as single photon sources. Tight exciton localization has been assumed to induce an anharmonic excitation spectrum; however, the evidence of the hypothesis, namely the demonstration of a localized biexciton, is elusive. Here we unambiguously demonstrate the existence of a localized biexciton in a monolayer of WSe2, which triggers an emission cascade of single photons. The biexciton is identified by its time-resolved photoluminescence, superlinearity and distinct polarization in micro-photoluminescence experiments. We evidence the cascaded nature of the emission process in a cross-correlation experiment, which yields a strong bunching behaviour. Our work paves the way to a new generation of quantum optics experiments with two-dimensional semiconductors. C1 [He, Yu-Ming; Iff, Oliver; Lundt, Nils; Baumann, Vasilij; Hoefling, Sven; Schneider, Christian] Univ Wurzburg, Tech Phys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Am Hubland, Germany. [He, Yu-Ming; Iff, Oliver; Lundt, Nils; Baumann, Vasilij; Hoefling, Sven; Schneider, Christian] Univ Wurzburg, Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen Res Ctr Complex Mat Syst, D-97074 Wurzburg, Am Hubland, Germany. [He, Yu-Ming] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [He, Yu-Ming] Univ Sci & Technol China, CAS Ctr Excellence & Synerget Innovat, Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Davanco, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hoefling, Sven] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. RP Schneider, C (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Tech Phys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Am Hubland, Germany.; Schneider, C (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen Res Ctr Complex Mat Syst, D-97074 Wurzburg, Am Hubland, Germany. EM christian.schneider@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de RI Hofling, Sven/C-3140-2013 OI Hofling, Sven/0000-0003-0034-4682 FU State of Bavaria; European Research Council (Project UnLiMIt-2D) FX This work has been supported by the State of Bavaria and the European Research Council (Project UnLiMIt-2D). We further thank S. Stoll for assistance in the exfoliation and pre-characterization of the high-quality monolayer material. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 45 U2 45 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD NOV 10 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 13409 DI 10.1038/ncomms13409 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EB4NU UT WOS:000387349400001 PM 27830703 ER PT J AU Wang, YJ Wang, D Yuan, GL Ma, H Xu, F Li, JF Viehland, D Gehring, PM AF Wang, Yaojin Wang, Ding Yuan, Guoliang Ma, He Xu, Feng Li, Jiefang Viehland, D. Gehring, Peter M. TI Fragile morphotropic phase boundary and phase stability in the near-surface region of the relaxor ferroelectric (1-x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3: [001] field-cooled phase diagrams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; X-RAY; ELECTRIC-FIELD; TRANSITION; MECHANISM; SYMMETRY; SYSTEMS AB We have examined the effects of field cooling on the phase diagram of the relaxor system (1-x) Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-xPbTiO(3) (PZN-xPT) for compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). High-resolution diffraction measurements using Cu K-alpha x rays, which probe approximate to 3 mu m below the crystal surface, were made on field-cooled (FC) single-crystal specimens of PZN-4.5%PT and PZN-6.5%PT under electric fields of 1 and 2 kV/cm applied along [001] and combined with previous neutron diffraction data, which probe the entire crystal volume, for FC PZN-8%PT [Ohwada et al., Phys. Rev. B 67, 094111 (2003)]. A comparison to the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) PZN-xPT phase diagram reveals several interesting features: (1) The short-range monoclinic phase observed in the ZFC state on the low-PT side of the MPB is replaced by a monoclinic MA phase; (2) field cooling extends the tetragonal phase to higher temperatures and lower-PT concentrations; (3) the orthorhombic phase near the MPB is replaced by a monoclinic M-C phase; (4) the vertical MPB in the ZFC phase diagram bends significantly towards the low-PT side in the FC state. These results demonstrate that both the phase stability and the nature of the MPB in PZN-PT within the near-surface regions are fragile in the presence of electric fields. C1 [Wang, Yaojin; Wang, Ding; Yuan, Guoliang; Ma, He; Xu, Feng] Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yaojin; Li, Jiefang; Viehland, D.] Virginia Tech, Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Gehring, Peter M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Wang, YJ (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM yjwang@njust.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51602156, 11134004]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China [BK20160824]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [30916011208, 30916011104]; Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Inorganic function material and device, Chinese Academy of Sciences [KLIFMD-2015-01]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0049]; Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars [BK20140035] FX The work at Nanjing University of Science and Technology was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 51602156 and No. 11134004), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK20160824), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grants No. 30916011208 and No. 30916011104), and the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Inorganic function material and device, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KLIFMD-2015-01). The US part of this collaborative work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N00014-13-1-0049) F.X. is thankful for the support from the Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. BK20140035). Y.W. thanks Dr. Z.G. Wang and C.T. Luo for the discussion. Certain commercial equipment or instruments are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 10 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 17 AR 174103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.174103 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EB6YZ UT WOS:000387532900001 ER PT J AU Howell, LN Reich, KJ Shaver, DJ Landry, AM Gorga, CC AF Howell, Lyndsey N. Reich, Kimberly J. Shaver, Donna J. Landry, Andre M., Jr. Gorga, Catherine C. TI Ontogenetic shifts in diet and habitat of juvenile green sea turtles in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Green turtle; Chelonia mydas; Ontogenetic shift; Stomach content analysis; Stable isotope analysis; delta C-13; delta N-15; Gulf of Mexico; Texas ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; SYNTHETIC-POLYMERS; N-15 INCORPORATION; FORAGING HABITATS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; MARINE DEBRIS; SOUTH TEXAS AB Effective management of a rapidly increasing juvenile green sea turtle Chelonia mydas population necessitates an understanding of the foraging grounds utilized throughout ontogeny. We used stomach content (SCA) and stable isotope analyses (SIA) of multiple size classes of green turtles foraging along the middle (MTC) and lower Texas coasts (LTC) in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico to identify ontogenetic shifts in foraging behavior. Spatial differences in diet and habitat residency were examined based on samples gathered from live (n = 55) and deceased turtles (n = 114). Additionally, the isotopic composition of putative forage material within nearshore and inshore habitats was investigated to determine prey contribution to diet. Green turtle recruitment to neritic channel environments in Texas waters at sizes < 25 cm straight carapace length (SCL) was established based on the presence of benthic macroalgae in the diet. Integration of SCA with SIA of carbon and nitrogen in scute material, as well as potential prey, revealed a subsequent inshore shift to seagrass beds before obtaining 35 cm SCL for turtles of the LTC, while turtles from the MTC exhibited considerable variation in size at transition. This study improves our understanding of the feeding ecology of green turtles within critical foraging grounds along the Texas coast. C1 [Howell, Lyndsey N.; Reich, Kimberly J.; Landry, Andre M., Jr.; Gorga, Catherine C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Sea Turtle & Fisheries Ecol Res Lab, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Howell, Lyndsey N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Species Branch, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Shaver, Donna J.] Padre Isl Natl Seashore, Sea Turtle Sci & Recovery Div, Natl Pk Serv, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. RP Howell, LN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Sea Turtle & Fisheries Ecol Res Lab, Galveston, TX 77553 USA.; Howell, LN (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Species Branch, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM lyndsey.howell@noaa.gov FU Texas Sea Grant Program; Texas A & M University Marine Biology Department FX Carcasses were received through the Sea Turtle Stranding and Salvage Network where many federal and state agencies, private entities, and volunteers collected the stranded animals. We are grateful to the Padre Island National Seashore Sea Turtle Science and Recovery Division for providing a necropsy facility and for assisting with the logistics of this study. A special thanks to T. Berk, S. Walker, and R. Zimmerman for providing various means of support. The Texas Sea Grant Program and the Texas A & M University Marine Biology Department made funding for this research available. All work with stranded turtles was done under, and complied with, the provisions of the sea turtle research permit US Fish and Wildlife Service permit TE840727-3 and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department scientific permit SPR-0190-122. Authorization for sea turtle capture and data collection was granted under National Marine Fisheries Service permits 1526, 1526-02, and 15606 and TPWD scientific permit number SPR-0590-094. NR 89 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 21 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD NOV 9 PY 2016 VL 559 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.3354/meps11897 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EC6CW UT WOS:000388225000017 ER PT J AU Pendleton, L Comte, A Langdon, C Ekstrom, JA Cooley, SR Suatoni, L Beck, MW Brander, LM Burke, L Cinner, JE Doherty, C Edwards, PET Gledhill, D Jiang, LQ van Hooidonk, RJ Teh, L Waldbusser, GG Ritter, J AF Pendleton, Linwood Comte, Adrien Langdon, Chris Ekstrom, Julia A. Cooley, Sarah R. Suatoni, Lisa Beck, Michael W. Brander, Luke M. Burke, Lauretta Cinner, Josh E. Doherty, Carolyn Edwards, Peter E. T. Gledhill, Dwight Jiang, Li-Qing van Hooidonk, Ruben J. Teh, Louise Waldbusser, George G. Ritter, Jessica TI Coral Reefs and People in a High-CO2 World: Where Can Science Make a Difference to People? SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VULNERABILITY; CALCIFICATION; ADAPTATION; SUSTAINABILITY; DISTURBANCES; TEMPERATURE; RESILIENCE AB Reefs and People at Risk Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere put shallow, warm-water coral reef ecosystems, and the people who depend upon them at risk from two key global environmental stresses: 1) elevated sea surface temperature (that can cause coral bleaching and related mortality), and 2) ocean acidification. These global stressors: cannot be avoided by local management, compound local stressors, and hasten the loss of ecosystem services. Impacts to people will be most grave where a) human dependence on coral reef ecosystems is high, b) sea surface temperature reaches critical levels soonest, and c) ocean acidification levels are most severe. Where these elements align, swift action will be needed to protect people's lives and livelihoods, but such action must be informed by data and science. An Indicator Approach Designing policies to offset potential harm to coral reef ecosystems and people requires a better understanding of where CO2-related global environmental stresses could cause the most severe impacts. Mapping indicators has been proposed as a way of combining natural and social science data to identify policy actions even when the needed science is relatively nascent. To identify where people are at risk and where more science is needed, we map indicators of biological, physical and social science factors to understand how human dependence on coral reef ecosystems will be affected by globally-driven threats to corals expected in a high-CO2 world. Western Mexico, Micronesia, Indonesia and parts of Australia have high human dependence and will likely face severe combined threats. As a region, Southeast Asia is particularly at risk. Many of the countries most dependent upon coral reef ecosystems are places for which we have the least robust data on ocean acidification. These areas require new data and interdisciplinary scientific research to help coral reef-dependent human communities better prepare for a high CO2 world. C1 [Pendleton, Linwood; Comte, Adrien] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, AMURE UMR6308, IUEM, Plouzane, France. [Doherty, Carolyn] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Langdon, Chris] Univ Miami, RSMAS MBE, Miami, FL USA. [Ekstrom, Julia A.] Univ Calif Davis, Policy Inst Energy Environm & Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cooley, Sarah R.] Ocean Conservancy, Washington, DC USA. [Suatoni, Lisa] Nat Resources Def Council, New York, NY USA. [Beck, Michael W.] Nature Conservancy, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Beck, Michael W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Brander, Luke M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Burke, Lauretta] World Resources Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Cinner, Josh E.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Edwards, Peter E. T.] NOAA, Coral Reef Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Gledhill, Dwight] NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Jiang, Li-Qing] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [van Hooidonk, Ruben J.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [van Hooidonk, Ruben J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Teh, Louise] Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Waldbusser, George G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ritter, Jessica] Natl Wildlife Fdn, Washington, DC USA. RP Pendleton, L (reprint author), Univ Bretagne Occidentale, AMURE UMR6308, IUEM, Plouzane, France. EM linwood.pendleton@duke.edu RI van Hooidonk, Ruben/F-7395-2010 OI van Hooidonk, Ruben/0000-0002-3804-1233 FU National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) - National Science Foundation [DBI-1052875]; Prince Albert II Foundation; "Laboratoire d'Excellence" LabexMER - French government under the program "Investissements 'Avenir" [ANR-10-LABX-19]; Region of Brittany FX This work was supported by the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) under funding received from the National Science Foundation DBI-1052875, a grant from the Prince Albert II Foundation, and research effort for LP and AC was supported by the "Laboratoire d'Excellence" LabexMER (ANR-10-LABX-19), co-funded by a grant from the French government under the program "Investissements 'Avenir" and the Region of Brittany. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 84 U2 84 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 9 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0164699 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0164699 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EB9OG UT WOS:000387724300020 PM 27828972 ER PT J AU Gregory, JM Bouttes, N Griffies, SM Haak, H Hurlin, WJ Jungclaus, J Kelley, M Lee, WG Marshall, J Romanou, A Saenko, OA Stammer, D Winton, M AF Gregory, Jonathan M. Bouttes, Nathaelle Griffies, Stephen M. Haak, Helmuth Hurlin, William J. Jungclaus, Johann Kelley, Maxwell Lee, Warren G. Marshall, John Romanou, Anastasia Saenko, Oleg A. Stammer, Detlef Winton, Michael TI The Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP) contribution to CMIP6: investigation of sea-level and ocean climate change in response to CO2 forcing SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE; HEAT UPTAKE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; MESOSCALE EDDIES; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; DRIVEN; WIND; RISE; ADJUSTMENT AB The Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP) aims to investigate the spread in simulations of sea-level and ocean climate change in response to CO2 forcing by atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs). It is particularly motivated by the uncertainties in projections of ocean heat uptake, global-mean sea-level rise due to thermal expansion and the geographical patterns of sea-level change due to ocean density and circulation change. FAFMIP has three tier-1 experiments, in which prescribed surface flux perturbations of momentum, heat and freshwater respectively are applied to the ocean in separate AOGCM simulations. All other conditions are as in the pre-industrial control. The prescribed fields are typical of pattern and magnitude of changes in these fluxes projected by AOGCMs for doubled CO2 concentration. Five groups have tested the experimental design with existing AOGCMs. Their results show diversity in the pattern and magnitude of changes, with some common qualitative features. Heat and water flux perturbation cause the dipole in sea-level change in the North Atlantic, while momentum and heat flux perturbation cause the gradient across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) declines in response to the heat flux perturbation, and there is a strong positive feedback on this effect due to the consequent cooling of sea-surface temperature in the North Atlantic, which enhances the local heat input to the ocean. The momentum and water flux perturbations do not substantially affect the AMOC. Heat is taken up largely as a passive tracer in the Southern Ocean, which is the region of greatest heat input, while the weakening of the AMOC causes redistribution of heat towards lower latitudes. Future analysis of these and other phenomena with the wider range of CMIP6 FAFMIP AOGCMs will benefit from new diagnostics of temperature and salinity tendencies, which will enable investigation of the model spread in behaviour in terms of physical processes as formulated in the models. C1 [Gregory, Jonathan M.] Univ Reading, NCAS, Reading, Berks, England. [Gregory, Jonathan M.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Bouttes, Nathaelle] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Hurlin, William J.; Winton, Michael] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Haak, Helmuth; Jungclaus, Johann] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Kelley, Maxwell; Romanou, Anastasia] Columbia Univ, Goddard Inst Space Sci, New York, NY USA. [Lee, Warren G.; Saenko, Oleg A.] Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Marshall, John] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Stammer, Detlef] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil, Hamburg, Germany. RP Gregory, JM (reprint author), Univ Reading, NCAS, Reading, Berks, England.; Gregory, JM (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. EM j.m.gregory@reading.ac.uk RI Gregory, Jonathan/J-2939-2016 OI Gregory, Jonathan/0000-0003-1296-8644 NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PD NOV 9 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 11 BP 3993 EP 4017 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-3993-2016 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EC2XT UT WOS:000387988500001 ER PT J AU Zatko, M Erbland, J Savarino, J Geng, L Easley, L Schauer, A Bates, T Quinn, PK Light, B Morison, D Osthoff, HD Lyman, S Neff, W Yuan, B Alexander, B AF Zatko, Maria Erbland, Joseph Savarino, Joel Geng, Lei Easley, Lauren Schauer, Andrew Bates, Timothy Quinn, Patricia K. Light, Bonnie Morison, David Osthoff, Hans D. Lyman, Seth Neff, William Yuan, Bin Alexander, Becky TI The magnitude of the snow-sourced reactive nitrogen flux to the boundary layer in the Uintah Basin, Utah, USA SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; LIGHT-ABSORBING IMPURITIES; EAST ANTARCTIC PLATEAU; GREEN RIVER-BASIN; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; FRESH-WATER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; DENITRIFIER METHOD; OZONE POLLUTION AB Reactive nitrogen(N-r = NO, NO2, HONO) and volatile organic carbon emissions from oil and gas extraction activities play a major role in wintertime ground-level ozone exceedance events of up to 140 ppb in the Uintah Basin in eastern Utah. Such events occur only when the ground is snow covered, due to the impacts of snow on the stability and depth of the boundary layer and ultraviolet actinic flux at the surface. Recycling of reactive nitrogen from the photolysis of snow nitrate has been observed in polar and mid-latitude snow, but snow-sourced reactive nitrogen fluxes in mid-latitude regions have not yet been quantified in the field. Here we present vertical profiles of snow nitrate concentration and nitrogen isotopes (delta N-15) collected during the Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study 2014 (UBWOS 2014), along with observations of insoluble light-absorbing impurities, radiation equivalent mean ice grain radii, and snow density that determine snow optical properties. We use the snow optical properties and nitrate concentrations to calculate ultraviolet actinic flux in snow and the production of N-r from the photolysis of snow nitrate. The observed delta N-15(NO3-) is used to constrain modeled fractional loss of snow nitrate in a snow chemistry column model, and thus the source of N-r to the overlying boundary layer. Snow-surface delta N-15(NO3-) measurements range from -5 to 10% and suggest that the local nitrate burden in the Uintah Basin is dominated by primary emissions from anthropogenic sources, except during fresh snowfall events, where remote NOx sources from beyond the basin are dominant. Modeled daily averaged snow-sourced N-r fluxes range from 5.6 to 71 x 10(7) molec cm(-2) s(-1) over the course of the field campaign, with a maximum noontime value of 3.1 x 10(9) molec cm(-2) s(-1). The top-down emission estimate of primary, anthropogenic NOx in Uintah and Duchesne counties is at least 300 times higher than the estimated snow NOx emissions presented in this study. Our results suggest that snow-sourced reactive nitrogen fluxes are minor contributors to the N-r boundary layer budget in the highly polluted Uintah Basin boundary layer during winter 2014. C1 [Zatko, Maria; Geng, Lei; Alexander, Becky] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Erbland, Joseph; Savarino, Joel; Geng, Lei] Univ Grenoble Alpes, LGGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Erbland, Joseph; Savarino, Joel; Geng, Lei] CNRS, LGGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Easley, Lauren] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schauer, Andrew] Univ Washington, Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bates, Timothy] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Light, Bonnie; Morison, David] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Osthoff, Hans D.] Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Lyman, Seth] Utah State Univ, Bingham Entrepreneurship & Energy Res Ctr, 320 Aggie Blvd, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. [Neff, William; Yuan, Bin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yuan, Bin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Easley, Lauren] DSG Solut LLC, Shoreline, WA 98133 USA. [Morison, David] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Alexander, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM beckya@uw.edu RI Alexander, Becky/N-7048-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Alexander, Becky/0000-0001-9915-4621; YUAN, BIN/0000-0003-3041-0329 FU PMEL [4468]; EPA STAR fellowship; Uintah Impact Mitigation Special Service District (UIMSSD); Bureau of Land Management (BLM); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Utah State University; Labex OSUG@2020 [ANR10 LABX56]; [155]; [NSF PLR 1244817] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from 155 backers from http://www.experiment.com, NSF PLR 1244817, PMEL contribution number 4468, and an EPA STAR fellowship to M. C. Zatko. The Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Studies were a collaborative project led and coordinated by the Utah Department of Environmental Quality (UDEQ) with support from the Uintah Impact Mitigation Special Service District (UIMSSD), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Utah State University. The authors acknowledge the NOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division and Questar Energy Products for site preparation and support. We thank Kristen Shultz, Jim Johnson, Drew Hamilton, and Derek Coffman for all of their help before, during, and after the field campaign. We would also like to thank Dean Hegg for advice on aerosol sampling, Angela Hong and Jennifer Murphy for helpful discussions about NOy vertical gradients, and Chad Mangum for laboratory assistance at USU. We thank Sarah Doherty for the use of the ISSW spectrophotometer and Stephen Warren for graciously allowing M. C. Zatko to borrow snow sampling instruments and gear and providing comments about this work. We thank Jonathan Raff for helpful discussions about soil microbial activity as well as Joost de Gouw and Gail Tonnesen for useful discussions about boundary layer HONO. Finally, we thank Lyatt Jaegle, Joel Thornton, and Thomas Grenfell for their helpful comments. Joel Savarino and Joseph Erbland have been partly supported by a grant from Labex OSUG@2020 (Investissements d'avenir - ANR10 LABX56) during the development of the TRANSITS model. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 9 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 21 BP 13837 EP 13851 DI 10.5194/acp-16-13837-2016 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB5XI UT WOS:000387453600002 ER PT J AU Bett, NN Hinch, SG Dittman, AH Yun, SS AF Bett, Nolan N. Hinch, Scott G. Dittman, Andrew H. Yun, Sang-Seon TI Evidence of Olfactory Imprinting at an Early Life Stage in Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NATAL STREAM WATER; COHO SALMON; AMINO-ACIDS; CHUM SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; CHEMICAL CUES; KISUTCH; MORPHOLINE; ZEBRAFISH AB Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) navigate towards spawning grounds using olfactory cues they imprinted on as juveniles. The timing at which imprinting occurs has been studied extensively, and there is strong evidence that salmon imprint on their natal water during the parr-smolt transformation (PST). Researchers have noted, however, that the life histories of some species of Pacific salmon could necessitate imprinting prior to the PST. Juvenile pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) spend less time in fresh water than any other species of Pacific salmon, and presumably must imprint on their natal water at a very young age. The time at which imprinting occurs in this species, however, has not been experimentally tested. We exposed juvenile pink salmon as alevins to phenethyl alcohol (PEA) or control water, reared these fish to adulthood, and then tested their behavioural responses to PEA to determine whether the fish successfully imprinted. We found that pink salmon exposed to PEA as alevins were attracted to the chemical as adults, suggesting that imprinting can occur during this stage. Our finding provides some of the first evidence to support the long-standing belief that imprinting can occur in pink salmon prior to the PST. C1 [Bett, Nolan N.; Hinch, Scott G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest & Conservat Sci, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Dittman, Andrew H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Yun, Sang-Seon] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Yun, Sang-Seon] Confederated Tribes Umatilla Indian Reservat, Fisheries Program, 500 Tausick Way, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Bett, NN (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest & Conservat Sci, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.; Yun, SS (reprint author), Confederated Tribes Umatilla Indian Reservat, Fisheries Program, 500 Tausick Way, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. EM nolanbett@gmail.com; ss516yun@gmail.com FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grant [170064-10]; NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship-Doctoral FX We would like to thank M. Banet, S. Healey, A. Lotto, J. Lotto, and K. Zinn for assistance in rearing the fish. S.G.H. was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grant (no. 170064-10). N.N.B. was funded by a NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship-Doctoral. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 9 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 36393 DI 10.1038/srep36393 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EB3QS UT WOS:000387281200001 PM 27827382 ER PT J AU Xu, WS Douglas, JF Freed, KF AF Xu, Wen-Sheng Douglas, Jack F. Freed, Karl F. TI Influence of Cohesive Energy on the Thermodynamic Properties of a Model Glass-Forming Polymer Melt SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GENERALIZED ENTROPY THEORY; CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA; LIQUID-STATE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; CHAIN STIFFNESS; IONIC POLYMERS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURES; INTERMOLECULAR FORCES AB Monomer chemical structure and architecture represent the most important characteristics of polymers that affect basic molecular parameters (such as the microscopic cohesive energy parameter epsilon and chain persistence length) and that correspondingly govern the bulk physical properties of polymer materials. Here, we focus on elucidating how the microscopic parameter e influences the bulk thermodynamic properties of polymer melts by using molecular dynamics simulations for a standard coarse grained bead-spring model of unentangled polymer melts under both constant volume and constant pressure conditions. Basic dimensionless thermodynamic properties, such as the cohesive energy density, thermal expansion coefficient, isothermal compressibility, and surface tension, are found to be universal functions of the temperature scaled by e, and thermodynamic signatures for the onset and end of glass formation are identified based on observable features from the static structure factor. We also find that general trends in the thermodynamics and the characteristic temperatures of glass formation determined from our simulations qualitatively accord with the predictions of the generalized entropy theory of polymer glass formation. C1 [Xu, Wen-Sheng; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Wen-Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, WS; Freed, KF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; Freed, KF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Xu, WS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wsxu0312@gmail.com; jack.douglas@nist.gov; freed@uchicago.edu FU University of Chicago Research Computing Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0008631] FX We thank Prof. Salvatore Torquato (Princeton University) for helpful discussions on hyperuniformity and valuable comments on the manuscript, Prof. Francis Starr (Wesleyan University) for helpful conversations, and Dr. Alexandros Chremos (NIST) for useful comments on the manuscript. W.-S.X. is grateful to Prof. Juan J. de Pablo and his group members for providing the opportunity to attend their group meeting while working at the University of Chicago, from which the present work has greatly benefited. We are grateful for the support of the University of Chicago Research Computing Center for assistance with the simulations carried out in this work. This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award DE-SC0008631. NR 103 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 8 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 21 BP 8341 EP 8354 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01503 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA EB6TT UT WOS:000387519200032 ER PT J AU Xu, WS Douglas, JF Freed, KF AF Xu, Wen-Sheng Douglas, Jack F. Freed, Karl F. TI Influence of Cohesive Energy on Relaxation in a Model Glass Forming Polymer Melt SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GENERALIZED ENTROPY THEORY; COOPERATIVE MOTION; IONIC POLYMERS; FREE-VOLUME; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; VISCOUS-FLOW; LIQUIDS; VISCOSITY; TRANSITION AB The wide range of chemical compositions exhibited by polymers enables the fabrication of materials having highly tunable cohesive energy strength epsilon, and many of the properties that make polymers so useful as structural and responsive materials in both manufacturing and living systems derive from the variability of this basic property. The design and characterization of polymer materials then inevitably leads to a consideration of how e impacts the thermodynamic and relaxation properties of polymer liquids. Our prior paper uses molecular dynamics simulations of a model coarse-grained polymer melt to systematically investigate the dependence of commonly measured thermodynamic properties on e, while the present work focuses on the relaxation dynamics of the same molecular model. After demonstrating, as expected, that e greatly influences the segmental relaxation time, we obtain a universal reduction of all our data for relaxation in terms of an activated transport model in which the activation free energy is increased from its high temperature value by a factor precisely determined by the average extent of the cooperative motion of monomers in the polymer liquid. This data reduction is consistent with the recently developed string model of glass formation, as well as with the assumptions of the generalized entropy theory of glass formation derived from a combination of the classical Adam-Gibbs model with a statistical mechanical model of polymer melts. In addition to providing firm observational data facilitating the development of improved theories of polymer glass formation, our results also yield insights into the molecular origin of particular thermodynamic and relaxation properties of polymers, insights that should aid in the design of polymer materials. C1 [Xu, Wen-Sheng; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Wen-Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, WS; Freed, KF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; Freed, KF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Xu, WS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wsxu0312@gmail.com; jack.douglas@nist.gov; freed@uchicago.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0008631] FX We thank Prof. Salvatore Torquato (Princeton University) for helpful discussions on hyperuniformity and valuable comments on the manuscript, Prof. Francis Starr (Wesleyan University) for helpful conversations, and Dr. Alexandros Chremos (NIST) for useful comments on the manuscript. W.-S.X. is grateful to Prof. Juan J. de Pablo and his group members for providing the opportunity to attend their group meeting while working at the University of Chicago, from which the present work has greatly benefited. We are grateful for the support of the University of Chicago Research Computing Center for assistance with the simulations carried out in this work. This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award DE-SC0008631. NR 83 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 8 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 21 BP 8355 EP 8370 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01504 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA EB6TT UT WOS:000387519200033 ER PT J AU Song, S Schmidt, KS Pilewskie, P King, MD Heidinger, AK Walther, A Iwabuchi, H Wind, G Coddington, OM AF Song, Shi Schmidt, K. Sebastian Pilewskie, Peter King, Michael D. Heidinger, Andrew K. Walther, Andi Iwabuchi, Hironobu Wind, Gala Coddington, Odele M. TI The spectral signature of cloud spatial structure in shortwave irradiance SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE HORIZONTAL TRANSPORT; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; WATER-VAPOR; ABSORPTION; SATELLITE; SYSTEM; ALGORITHM; AIRCRAFT; EXAMPLES; AEROSOL AB In this paper, we used cloud imagery from a NASA field experiment in conjunction with three-dimensional radiative transfer calculations to show that cloud spatial structure manifests itself as a spectral signature in shortwave irradiance fields - specifically in transmittance and net horizontal photon transport in the visible and near-ultraviolet wavelength range. We found a robust correlation between the magnitude of net horizontal photon transport (H) and its spectral dependence (slope), which is scale-invariant and holds for the entire pixel population of a domain. This was surprising at first given the large degree of spatial inhomogeneity. We prove that the underlying physical mechanism for this phenomenon is molecular scattering in conjunction with cloud spatial structure. On this basis, we developed a simple parameterization through a single parameter epsilon, which quantifies the characteristic spectral signature of spatial inhomogeneities. In the case we studied, neglecting net horizontal photon transport leads to a local transmittance bias of +/- 12-19 %, even at the relatively coarse spatial resolution of 20 km. Since three-dimensional effects depend on the spatial context of a given pixel in a nontrivial way, the spectral dimension of this problem may emerge as the starting point for future bias corrections. C1 [Song, Shi; Schmidt, K. Sebastian; Pilewskie, Peter] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Song, Shi; Schmidt, K. Sebastian; Pilewskie, Peter; King, Michael D.; Coddington, Odele M.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.; Walther, Andi] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Iwabuchi, Hironobu] Tohoku Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Studies, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. [Wind, Gala] Space Syst & Applicat INC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Schmidt, KS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Schmidt, KS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sebastian.schmidt@lasp.colorado.edu RI King, Michael/C-7153-2011; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Coddington, Odele/F-6342-2012 OI King, Michael/0000-0003-2645-7298; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Coddington, Odele/0000-0002-4338-7028 FU NASA radiation sciences program [NNX14AP72G, NNX12AC41G]; US National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder FX The research presented in this paper was supported by grants NNX14AP72G (Shi Song and Sebastian Schmidt) and NNX12AC41G (Michael King) within the NASA radiation sciences program. The calculations were performed on the supercomputer "Janus", which is supported by the US National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. It is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Janus is operated by the University of Colorado Boulder. We appreciate the effort of Thomas Arnold (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) in supporting the MAS calibrations and retrievals. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 8 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 21 BP 13791 EP 13806 DI 10.5194/acp-16-13791-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB5XG UT WOS:000387453400001 ER PT J AU Guiry, EJ Needs-Howarth, S Friedland, KD Hawkins, AL Szpak, P Macdonald, R Courtemanche, M Holm, E Richards, MP AF Guiry, Eric J. Needs-Howarth, Suzanne Friedland, Kevin D. Hawkins, Alicia L. Szpak, Paul Macdonald, Rebecca Courtemanche, Michelle Holm, Erling Richards, Michael P. TI Lake Ontario salmon (Salmo salar) were not migratory: A long-standing historical debate solved through stable isotope analysis SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON; TROPHIC LEVEL; NITROGEN; CARBON; POPULATIONS; COLLAGEN; RIVER; BONE; EXTRACTION; EUROPE AB Lake Ontario once supported a large complex of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) populations that became extinct prior to scientific study. Since the 1860s, research efforts to conserve and reintroduce a sustainable population of Atlantic Salmon have focused on determining whether Lake Ontario's original salmon populations had migrated to the Atlantic Ocean as part of their lifecycle (anadromy), stayed in the lake year-round (potamodromy), or both. We used stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope analyses of archaeological bones and historical museum-archived salmon scales to show that the original salmon populations from Lake Ontario completed their entire lifecycle without migrating to the Atlantic Ocean. With a time depth of more than 500 years, our findings provide a unique baseline with significant potential for informing modern restocking and conservation efforts. C1 [Guiry, Eric J.; Macdonald, Rebecca] Univ British Columbia, Dept Anthropol, 6303 NW Marine Dr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Needs-Howarth, Suzanne] Perca Zooarchaeol Res, 1600 West Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada. [Needs-Howarth, Suzanne] Trent Univ, Archaeol Res Ctr, 1600 West Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada. [Friedland, Kevin D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Hawkins, Alicia L.] Laurentian Univ, Sch Environm, Archaeol Program, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. [Szpak, Paul] Trent Univ, Dept Anthropol, 1600 West Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada. [Courtemanche, Michelle] Univ Montreal, Osteotheque Montreal, 2900 Blvd Edouard Montpetit, Montreal, PQ H3T 1J4, Canada. [Holm, Erling] Royal Ontario Museum, Dept Nat Hist, 100 Queens Pk, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. [Richards, Michael P.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Archaeol, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Guiry, EJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Anthropol, 6303 NW Marine Dr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM eguiry@mun.ca NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 8 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 36249 DI 10.1038/srep36249 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EB4BA UT WOS:000387312800001 PM 27824097 ER PT J AU Changala, PB Baraban, JH AF Changala, P. Bryan Baraban, Joshua H. TI Ab initio effective rotational and rovibrational Hamiltonians for non-rigid systems via curvilinear second order vibrational Moller-Plesset perturbation theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD; KINETIC-ENERGY OPERATOR; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; INTERNAL-ROTATION; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; TOP MOLECULES; MISSING LINK; BASIS-SETS; NITROMETHANE AB We present a perturbative method for ab initio calculations of rotational and rovibrational effective Hamiltonians of both rigid and non-rigid molecules. Our approach is based on a curvilinear implementation of second order vibrational Moller-Plesset perturbation theory extended to include rotational effects via a second order contact transformation. Though more expensive, this approach is significantly more accurate than standard second order vibrational perturbation theory for systems that are poorly described to zeroth order by rectilinear normal mode harmonic oscillators. We apply this method to and demonstrate its accuracy on two molecules: Si2C, a quasilinear triatomic with significant bending anharmonicity, and CH3NO2, which contains a completely unhindered methyl rotor. In addition to these two examples, we discuss several key technical aspects of the method, including an efficient implementation of Eckart and quasi-Eckart frame embedding that does not rely on numerical finite differences. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Changala, P. Bryan] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Changala, P. Bryan] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baraban, Joshua H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Changala, PB (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Changala, PB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bryan.changala@colorado.edu FU NSF GRFP [DGE1144083] FX P.B.C. is supported by the NSF GRFP (Award No. DGE1144083). The authors would like to thank Michael McCarthy for making available unpublished results on Si2C, as well as Xiaohong Wang and Joel Bowman for providing their CH3NO2 potential energy surface. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2016 VL 145 IS 17 AR 174106 DI 10.1063/1.4966234 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EC4MJ UT WOS:000388105100009 PM 27825226 ER PT J AU Mahynski, NA Shen, VK AF Mahynski, Nathan A. Shen, Vincent K. TI Multicomponent adsorption in mesoporous flexible materials with flat-histogram Monte Carlo methods SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; ZEOLITIC IMIDAZOLATE FRAMEWORK-8; LENNARD-JONES MIXTURES; GAS-ADSORPTION; SLIT PORES; STRUCTURAL TRANSITIONS; EFFICIENT SEPARATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; POROUS MATERIALS AB We demonstrate an extensible flat-histogram Monte Carlo simulation methodology for studying the adsorption of multicomponent fluids in flexible porous solids. This methodology allows us to easily obtain the complete free energy landscape for the confined fluid-solid system in equilibrium with a bulk fluid of any arbitrary composition. We use this approach to study the adsorption of a prototypical coarse-grained binary fluid in "Hookean" solids, where the free energy of the solid may be described as a simple spring. However, our approach is fully extensible to solids with arbitrarily complex free energy profiles. We demonstrate that by tuning the fluid-solid interaction ranges, the inhomogeneous fluid structure inside the pore can give rise to enhanced selective capture of a larger species through cooperative adsorption with a smaller one. The maximum enhancement in selectivity is observed at low to intermediate pressures and is especially pronounced when the larger species is very dilute in the bulk. This suggest a mechanism by which the selective capture of a minor component from a bulk fluid may be enhanced. C1 [Mahynski, Nathan A.; Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahynski, NA (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nathan.mahynski@nist.gov RI Mahynski, Nathan/A-3514-2017 OI Mahynski, Nathan/0000-0002-0008-8749 FU National Research Council postdoctoral research associateship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, not subject to US Copyright. N.A.M. gratefully acknowledges support from a National Research Council postdoctoral research associateship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2016 VL 145 IS 17 AR 174709 DI 10.1063/1.4966573 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EC4MJ UT WOS:000388105100038 PM 27825240 ER PT J AU Whitmore, MD Grest, GS Douglas, JF Kent, MS Suo, TC AF Whitmore, Mark D. Grest, Gary S. Douglas, Jack F. Kent, Michael S. Suo, Tongchuan TI End-anchored polymers in good solvents from the single chain limit to high anchoring densities SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMER MONOLAYERS; SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD; ADSORBED BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; TETHERED CHAINS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MONTE-CARLO; BRUSH; INTERFACE; LAYERS AB An increasing number of applications utilize grafted polymer layers to alter the interfacial properties of solid substrates, motivating refinement in our theoretical understanding of such layers. To assess existing theoretical models of them, we have investigated end-anchored polymer layers over a wide range of grafting densities, sigma, ranging from a single chain to high anchoring density limits, chain lengths ranging over two orders of magnitude, for very good and marginally good solvent conditions. We compare Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations, numerical self-consistent field calculations, and experimental measurements of the average layer thickness, h, with renormalization group theory, the Alexander-de Gennes mushroom theory, and the classical brush theory. Our simulations clearly indicate that appreciable inter-chain interactions exist at all simulated areal anchoring densities so that there is no mushroom regime in which the layer thickness is independent of sigma. Moreover, we find that there is no high coverage regime in which h follows the predicted scaling, h similar to N sigma(1/3), for classical polymer brushes either. Given that no completely adequate analytic theory seems to exist that spans wide ranges of N and sigma, we applied scaling arguments for h as a function of a suitably defined reduced anchoring density, defined in terms of the solution radius of gyration of the polymer chains and N. We find that such a scaling approach enables a smooth, unified description of h in very good solvents over the full range of anchoring density and chain lengths, although this type of data reduction does not apply to marginal solvent quality conditions. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Whitmore, Mark D.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Grest, Gary S.; Kent, Michael S.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Suo, Tongchuan] Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin 300193, Peoples R China. RP Whitmore, MD (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM mark.whitmore@umanitoba.ca OI Suo, Tongchuan/0000-0003-4603-0339 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank Dr. Marc Pepin for discussions and early contributions. The work was supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. Research was carried out, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2016 VL 145 IS 17 AR 174904 DI 10.1063/1.4966576 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EC4MJ UT WOS:000388105100042 PM 27825206 ER PT J AU Li, JW Haney, PM AF Li, Junwen Haney, Paul M. TI Circular photogalvanic effect in organometal halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METHYLAMMONIUM LEAD IODIDE; SOLAR-CELLS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ORGANIC CATIONS; QUANTUM-WELLS; SPIN; HYSTERESIS; CH(3)NH(3)PBL(3); POLARIZATION; PERFORMANCE AB We study the circular photogalvanic effect in the organometal halide perovskite solar cell absorber CH3NH3PbI3. The calculated photocurrent density for a system with broken inversion symmetry is about 10(-9) A/W, comparable to the previously studied quantum well and bulk Rashba systems. The circular photogalvanic effect relies on inversion symmetry breaking, so that by tuning the optical penetration depth, the degree of inversion symmetry breaking can be probed at different depths from the sample surface. We propose that measurements of this effect may clarify the presence or absence of inversion symmetry, which remains a controversial issue and has been argued to play an important role in the high conversion efficiency of this material. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Li, Junwen; Haney, Paul M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Junwen] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Li, JW (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Li, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX J.L. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 7 PY 2016 VL 109 IS 19 AR 193903 DI 10.1063/1.4967176 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EC3BN UT WOS:000387999600065 ER PT J AU Barik, S Miyake, H DeGottardi, W Waks, E Hafezi, M AF Barik, Sabyasachi Miyake, Hirokazu DeGottardi, Wade Waks, Edo Hafezi, Mohammad TI Two-dimensionally confined topological edge states in photonic crystals SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE topological photonics; photonic waveguide; photonic crystal ID QUANTUM-DOT; SPIN; INSULATORS; LIGHT; NANOPHOTONICS AB We present an all-dielectric photonic crystal structure that supports two-dimensionally confined helical topological edge states. The topological properties of the system are controlled by the crystal parameters. An interface between two regions of differing band topologies gives rise to topological edge states confined in a dielectric slab that propagate around sharp corners without backscattering. Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain calculations show these edges to be confined in the out-of-plane direction by total internal reflection. Such nanoscale photonic crystal architectures could enable strong interactions between photonic edge states and quantum emitters. C1 [Barik, Sabyasachi] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Barik, Sabyasachi; Miyake, Hirokazu; DeGottardi, Wade; Waks, Edo; Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Barik, Sabyasachi; Miyake, Hirokazu; DeGottardi, Wade; Waks, Edo; Hafezi, Mohammad] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Barik, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Barik, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Barik, S (reprint author), NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sbarik@umd.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research-Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Sloan Foundation; Office of Naval Research; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; NSF [PHY11-25915] FX We thank Sunil Mittal, Mikael Rechtsman, Alberto Amo, and Jay Sau for fruitful discussions. This research was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research-Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Sloan Foundation, Office of Naval Research and the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. KITP is supported by NSF PHY11-25915. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 26 U2 26 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 113013 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/11/113013 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EC3HE UT WOS:000388016200001 ER PT J AU Butch, NP Ran, S Jeon, I Kanchanavatee, N Huang, K Breindel, A Maple, MB Stillwell, RL Zhao, Y Harriger, L Lynn, JW AF Butch, Nicholas P. Ran, Sheng Jeon, Inho Kanchanavatee, Noravee Huang, Kevin Breindel, Alexander Maple, M. Brian Stillwell, Ryan L. Zhao, Yang Harriger, Leland Lynn, Jeffrey W. TI Distinct magnetic spectra in the hidden order and antiferromagnetic phases in URu2-xFexSi2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON SUPERCONDUCTOR URU2SI2; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPECTROMETER; EXCITATIONS; PRESSURE; LATTICE; SYSTEM AB We use neutron scattering to compare the magnetic excitations in the hidden order (HO) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) phases in URu2-xFexSi2 as a function of Fe concentration. The magnetic excitation spectra change significantly between x = 0.05 and x = 0.10, following the enhancement of the AFM ordered moment, in good analogy to the behavior of the parent compound under applied pressure. Prominent lattice-commensurate low-energy excitations characteristic of the HO phase vanish in the AFM phase. The magnetic scattering is dominated by strong excitations along the Brillouin zone edges, underscoring the important role of electron hybridization to both HO and AFM phases and the similarity of the underlying electronic structure. The stability of the AFM phase is correlated with enhanced local-itinerant electron hybridization. C1 [Butch, Nicholas P.; Zhao, Yang; Harriger, Leland; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Butch, Nicholas P.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ran, Sheng; Kanchanavatee, Noravee; Breindel, Alexander; Maple, M. Brian] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ran, Sheng; Jeon, Inho; Kanchanavatee, Noravee; Huang, Kevin; Breindel, Alexander; Maple, M. Brian] Univ Calfornia San Diego, Ctr Adv Nanosci, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Jeon, Inho; Huang, Kevin; Maple, M. Brian] Univ Calfornia San Diego, Mat Sci & Engn Program, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Stillwell, Ryan L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kanchanavatee, Noravee] Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Phys, Pathumwan, Thailand. [Huang, Kevin] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Butch, NP (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Butch, NP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM nicholas.butch@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DEFG02-04-ER46105]; National Science Foundation [DMR 1206553] FX We thank M. Janoschek and J. S. Helton for helpful discussions, and T. J. Williams and H.-H. Kung for sharing their unpublished data. Single- crystal growth and characterization at UCSD were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Grant No. DEFG02-04-ER46105. Low-temperature measurements at UCSD were sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR 1206553. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 7 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 20 AR 201102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.201102 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EB7AP UT WOS:000387537700001 ER PT J AU Stehlik, J Liu, YY Eichler, C Hartke, TR Mi, X Gullans, MJ Taylor, JM Petta, JR AF Stehlik, J. Liu, Y. -Y. Eichler, C. Hartke, T. R. Mi, X. Gullans, M. J. Taylor, J. M. Petta, J. R. TI Double Quantum Dot Floquet Gain Medium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON-PARAMETRIC-AMPLIFIER; SUPERCONDUCTING QUBIT; AMPLIFICATION; COHERENT; CIRCUIT; SYSTEM; NOISE; ELECTRODYNAMICS; PHOTONS; CAVITY AB Strongly driving a two-level quantum system with light leads to a ladder of Floquet states separated by the photon energy. Nanoscale quantum devices allow the interplay of confined electrons, phonons, and photons to be studied under strong driving conditions. Here, we show that a single electron in a periodically driven double quantum dot functions as a "Floquet gain medium," where population imbalances in the double quantum dot Floquet quasienergy levels lead to an intricate pattern of gain and loss features in the cavity response. We further measure a large intracavity photon number n(c) in the absence of a cavity drive field, due to equilibration in the Floquet picture. Our device operates in the absence of a dc current-one and the same electron is repeatedly driven to the excited state to generate population inversion. These results pave the way to future studies of nonclassical light and thermalization of driven quantum systems. C1 [Stehlik, J.; Liu, Y. -Y.; Eichler, C.; Hartke, T. R.; Mi, X.; Petta, J. R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gullans, M. J.; Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gullans, M. J.; Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Stehlik, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative [GBMF4535]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1409556, DMR-1420541] FX We thank Bert Harrop for help with sample preparation. Work was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative through Grant No. GBMF4535, with partial support from the National Science Foundation (DMR-1409556 and DMR-1420541). Devices were fabricated in the Princeton University Quantum Device Nanofabrication Laboratory. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD NOV 7 PY 2016 VL 6 IS 4 AR 041027 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.6.041027 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EB5FA UT WOS:000387398000001 ER PT J AU Stack, AG Borreguero, JM Prisk, TR Mamontov, E Wang, HW Vlcek, L Wesolowski, DJ AF Stack, Andrew G. Borreguero, Jose M. Prisk, Timothy R. Mamontov, Eugene Wang, Hsiu-Wen Vlcek, Lukas Wesolowski, David J. TI Precise determination of water exchanges on a mineral surface SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; GROWTH-KINETICS; HYDRATION WATER; IONIC SOLUTION; METAL-IONS; DISSOLUTION; CRYSTALS; RATES AB Solvent exchanges on solid surfaces and dissolved ions are a fundamental property important for understanding chemical reactions, but the rates of fast exchanges are poorly constrained. We probed the diffusional motions of water adsorbed onto nanoparticles of the mineral barite (BaSO4) using quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) and classical molecular dynamics (MD) to reveal the complex dynamics of water exchange along mineral surfaces. QENS data as a function of temperature and momentum transfer (Q) were fit using scattering functions derived from MD trajectories. The simulations reproduce the dynamics measured in the experiments at ambient temperatures, but as temperature is lowered the simulations overestimate slower motions. Decomposition of the MD-computed QENS intensity into contributions from adsorbed and unbound water shows that the majority of the signal arises from adsorbed species, although the dynamics of unbound water cannot be dismissed. The mean residence times of water on each of the four surface sites present on the barite {001} were calculated using MD: at room temperature the low barium site is 194 ps, whereas the high barium site contains two distributions of motions at 84 and 2.5 ps. These contrast to 13 ps residence time on both sulfate sites, with an additional surface diffusion exchange of 66 ps. Surface exchanges are similar to those of the aqueous ions calculated using the same force field: Ba-aq(2+) is 208 ps and SO4aq2- is 5.8 ps. This work demonstrates how MD can be a reliable method to deconvolute solvent exchange reactions when quantitatively validated by QENS measurements. C1 [Stack, Andrew G.; Prisk, Timothy R.; Wesolowski, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Borreguero, Jose M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Data Anal & Visualizat Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Mamontov, Eugene] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Wang, Hsiu-Wen] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UTK ORNL Shull Wollan Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Vlcek, Lukas] UTK ORNL Joint Inst Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Prisk, Timothy R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stack, AG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM stackag@ornl.gov RI Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Vlcek, Lukas/N-7090-2013; OI Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Vlcek, Lukas/0000-0003-4782-7702; Prisk, Timothy/0000-0002-7943-5175 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Center for Accelerating Materials Modeling (CAMM) - U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division under FWP-3ERKCSNL; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX This material is primarily based upon work supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Research by J. M. B. is supported by the Center for Accelerating Materials Modeling (CAMM), funded by U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division under FWP-3ERKCSNL. QENS measurements were made at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2016 VL 18 IS 41 BP 28819 EP 28828 DI 10.1039/c6cp05836a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EA5NR UT WOS:000386668200042 PM 27722503 ER PT J AU Howell, SC Qiu, XY Curtis, JE AF Howell, Steven C. Qiu, Xiangyun Curtis, Joseph E. TI Monte Carlo Simulation Algorithm for B-DNA SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE structural biology; deoxyribonucleic acid; molecular mechanics; Monte Carlo; computer modeling; small-angle scattering; neutron scattering; X-ray scattering ID DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NUCLEOSOME CORE PARTICLE; X-RAY-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CHROMATIN FIBER; MACROMOLECULAR COMPLEXES; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; FORCE-FIELD AB Understanding the structure-function relationship of biomolecules containing DNA has motivated experiments aimed at determining molecular structure using methods such as small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS). SAXS and SANS are useful for determining macromolecular shape in solution, a process which benefits by using atomistic models that reproduce the scattering data. The variety of algorithms available for creating and modifying model DNA structures lack the ability to rapidly modify all-atom models to generate structure ensembles. This article describes a Monte Carlo algorithm for simulating DNA, not with the goal of predicting an equilibrium structure, but rather to generate an ensemble of plausible structures which can be filtered using experimental results to identify a sub-ensemble of conformations that reproduce the solution scattering of DNA macromolecules. The algorithm generates an ensemble of atomic structures through an iterative cycle in which B-DNA is represented using a wormlike bead-rod model, new configurations are generated by sampling bend and twist moves, then atomic detail is recovered by back mapping from the final coarse-grained configuration. Using this algorithm on commodity computing hardware, one can rapidly generate an ensemble of atomic level models, each model representing a physically realistic configuration that could be further studied using molecular dynamics. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Howell, Steven C.; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, Neutron Condensed Matter Sci Grp, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Xiangyun] George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Curtis, JE (reprint author), NIST, Neutron Condensed Matter Sci Grp, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.curtis@nist.gov FU EPSRC [EP/K039121/1]; National Science Foundation [CHE-1265821, MCB-1616337] FX Contract grant sponsor: EPSRC; Contract grant number: EP/K039121/1; Contract grant sponsor: National Science Foundation; Contract grant number: CHE-1265821; Contract grant sponsor: National Science Foundation; Contract grant number: MCB-1616337 NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0192-8651 EI 1096-987X J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD NOV 5 PY 2016 VL 37 IS 29 BP 2553 EP 2563 DI 10.1002/jcc.24474 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EB6IF UT WOS:000387484700001 PM 27671358 ER PT J AU Price, RM Trypogeorgos, D Campbell, DL Putra, A Valdes-Curiel, A Spielman, IB AF Price, R. M. Trypogeorgos, D. Campbell, D. L. Putra, A. Valdes-Curiel, A. Spielman, I. B. TI Vortex nucleation in a Bose-Einstein condensate: from the inside out SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Bose-Einstein condensates; quantum fluids; quantum vortex; artificial ragnetic fields ID VORTICES; LATTICES; GASES AB We observed a new mechanism for vortex nucleation in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) subject to synthetic magnetic fields. We made use of a strong synthetic magnetic field initially localized between a pair of merging BECs to rapidly create vortices in the bulk of the merged condensate. Unlike previous implementations and in agreement with our Gross-Pitaevskii equation simulations, our dynamical process rapidly injects vortices into our system's bulk, and with initial number in excess of the system's equilibrium vortex number. C1 [Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Spielman, IB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM spielman@jqi.umd.edu FU ARO's Atomtronics MURI; AFOSR's Quantum Matter MURI, NIST; NSF through the PFC at the JQI FX We appreciate constructive discussions with K Helmerson. This work was partially supported by the ARO's Atomtronics MURI, and by the AFOSR's Quantum Matter MURI, NIST, and the NSF through the PFC at the JQI. Our GPE calculations were performed with the open-source 'GPE Lab' software [25]. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 113009 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/11/113009 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EC1YP UT WOS:000387905800007 ER PT J AU Penny, SG Miyoshi, T AF Penny, Stephen G. Miyoshi, Takemasa TI A local particle filter for high-dimensional geophysical systems SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; SEQUENTIAL DATA ASSIMILATION; EFFICIENT DATA ASSIMILATION; ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION; ENERGY BACKSCATTER SCHEME; MONTE-CARLO METHODS; SINGULAR VECTORS; MODEL; STATE; PERTURBATIONS AB A local particle filter (LPF) is introduced that outperforms traditional ensemble Kalman filters in highly nonlinear/non-Gaussian scenarios, both in accuracy and computational cost. The standard sampling importance resampling (SIR) particle filter is augmented with an observation-space localization approach, for which an independent analysis is computed locally at each grid point. The deterministic resampling approach of Kitagawa is adapted for application locally and combined with interpolation of the analysis weights to smooth the transition between neighboring points. Gaussian noise is applied with magnitude equal to the local analysis spread to prevent particle degeneracy while maintaining the estimate of the growing dynamical instabilities. The approach is validated against the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) using the 40-variable Lorenz-96 (L96) model. The results show that (1) the accuracy of LPF surpasses LETKF as the forecast length increases (thus increasing the degree of nonlinearity), (2) the cost of LPF is significantly lower than LETKF as the ensemble size increases, and (3) LPF prevents filter divergence experienced by LETKF in cases with non-Gaussian observation error distributions. C1 [Penny, Stephen G.; Miyoshi, Takemasa] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Penny, Stephen G.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Penny, Stephen G.; Miyoshi, Takemasa] RIKEN, Adv Inst Computat Sci, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. RP Penny, SG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Penny, SG (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Penny, SG (reprint author), RIKEN, Adv Inst Computat Sci, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. EM steve.penny@noaa.gov RI Miyoshi, Takemasa/C-2768-2009 OI Miyoshi, Takemasa/0000-0003-3160-2525 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); NOAA award - NOAA's Next Generation Global Prediction System (NGGPS) [NA15NWS4680016]; NOAA's Next Generation Global Prediction System (NGGPS) FX We gratefully acknowledge the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) whose FY2013 fellowship supported this work. We would also like to thank the RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science (AICS) for hosting Stephen G. Penny. Stephen G. Penny acknowledges additional support from NOAA award NA15NWS4680016 in support of NOAA's Next Generation Global Prediction System (NGGPS). NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 23 IS 5 BP 391 EP 405 DI 10.5194/npg-23-391-2016 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC1ZY UT WOS:000387909700001 ER PT J AU Koller, AP Wall, ML Mundinger, J Rey, AM AF Koller, Andrew P. Wall, Michael L. Mundinger, Josh Rey, Ana Maria TI Dynamics of Interacting Fermions in Spin-Dependent Potentials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE CLOCK; QUANTUM; SYSTEMS; STATES; GAS; PROPAGATION; EQUILIBRIUM; MODEL AB Recent experiments with dilute trapped Fermi gases observed that weak interactions can drastically modify spin transport dynamics and give rise to robust collective effects including global demagnetization, macroscopic spin waves, spin segregation, and spin self-rephasing. In this Letter, we develop a framework for studying the dynamics of weakly interacting fermionic gases following a spin-dependent change of the trapping potential which illuminates the interplay between spin, motion, Fermi statistics, and interactions. The key idea is the projection of the state of the system onto a set of lattice spin models defined on the single-particle mode space. Collective phenomena, including the global spreading of quantum correlations in real space, arise as a consequence of the long-ranged character of the spin model couplings. This approach achieves good agreement with prior measurements and suggests a number of directions for future experiments. C1 [Koller, Andrew P.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Koller, Andrew P.; Wall, Michael L.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mundinger, Josh] Swarthmore Coll, Dept Math & Stat, 500 Coll Ave, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. RP Koller, AP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Koller, AP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NSF-PHY [1211914, 1521080, NSF-PFC-PHY-1125844]; AFOSR [FA9550-13-1-0086]; Department of Defense through the NDSEG program; NRC postdoctoral fellowship program; AFOSR MURI ADVANCED QUANTUM MATERIALS; ARO [W911NF-12-1-0228] FX We thank J. E. Thomas, K. R. A. Hazzard, A. Pikovski, and J. Schachenmayer for useful discussions, and P. Romatschke, J. Bohnet, and M. Garttner for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by NSF-PHY 1211914, NSF-PHY 1521080, NSF-PFC-PHY-1125844, AFOSR FA9550-13-1-0086, AFOSR MURI ADVANCED QUANTUM MATERIALS, and ARO W911NF-12-1-0228. A. K. was supported by the Department of Defense through the NDSEG program. M. L. W. thanks the NRC postdoctoral fellowship program for support. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 117 IS 9 AR 195302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.195302 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EA8QS UT WOS:000386903400014 PM 27858432 ER PT J AU Quardokus, RC Tewary, VK DelRio, FW AF Quardokus, Rebecca C. Tewary, V. K. DelRio, Frank W. TI Ullmann-like reactions for the synthesis of complex two-dimensional materials SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ullmann coupling; two-dimensional material; porphyrin; STM; XPS ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; SURFACE; SCALE; ANTHRYLOLIGOTHIENYLPORPHYRINS; POLYMERIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; NETWORKS; ARRAYS AB Engineering two-dimensional materials through surface-confined synthetic techniques is a promising avenue for designing new materials with tailored properties. Developing and understanding reaction mechanisms for surface-confined synthesis of two-dimensional materials requires atomic-level characterization and chemical analysis. Beggan et al (2015 Nanotechnology 26 365602) used scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to elucidate the formation mechanism of surface-confined Ullmann-like coupling of thiophene substituted porphyrins on Ag(111). Upon surface deposition, bromine is dissociated and the porphyrins couple with surface adatoms to create linear strands and hexagonally packed molecules. Annealing the sample results in covalently-bonded networks of thienylporphyrin derivatives. A deeper understanding of surface-confined Ullmann-like coupling has the potential to lead to precision-engineered nano-structures through synthetic techniques. C1 [Quardokus, Rebecca C.; Tewary, V. K.; DelRio, Frank W.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP DelRio, FW (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM frank.delrio@nist.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 40 U2 40 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 27 IS 44 AR 442501 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/27/44/442501 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DY9WS UT WOS:000385486800001 ER PT J AU Lawler, MJ Winkler, PM Kim, J Ahlm, L Trostl, J Praplan, AP Schobesberger, S Kurten, A Kirkby, J Bianchi, F Duplissy, J Hansel, A Jokinen, T Keskinen, H Lehtipalo, K Leiminger, M Petaja, T Rissanen, M Rondo, L Simon, M Sipila, M Williamson, C Wimmer, D Riipinen, I Virtanen, A Smith, JN AF Lawler, Michael J. Winkler, Paul M. Kim, Jaeseok Ahlm, Lars Trostl, Jasmin Praplan, Arnaud P. Schobesberger, Siegfried Kuerten, Andreas Kirkby, Jasper Bianchi, Federico Duplissy, Jonathan Hansel, Armin Jokinen, Tuija Keskinen, Helmi Lehtipalo, Katrianne Leiminger, Markus Petaja, Tuukka Rissanen, Matti Rondo, Linda Simon, Mario Sipila, Mikko Williamson, Christina Wimmer, Daniela Riipinen, Ilona Virtanen, Annele Smith, James N. TI Unexpectedly acidic nanoparticles formed in dimethylamine-ammonia-sulfuric-acid nucleation experiments at CLOUD SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; CI-API-TOF; PARTICLE FORMATION; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; ALKYLAMINIUM SULFATES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GROWTH-RATES; OXIDATION; PHASE AB New particle formation driven by acid-base chemistry was initiated in the CLOUD chamber at CERN by introducing atmospherically relevant levels of gas-phase sulfuric acid and dimethylamine (DMA). Ammonia was also present in the chamber as a gas-phase contaminant from earlier experiments. The composition of particles with volume median diameters (VMDs) as small as 10 nm was measured by the Thermal Desorption Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (TDCIMS). Particulate ammonium-to-dimethylaminium ratios were higher than the gas-phase ammonia-to-DMA ratios, suggesting preferential uptake of ammonia over DMA for the collected 10-30 nm VMD particles. This behavior is not consistent with present nanoparticle physicochemical models, which predict a higher dimethylaminium fraction when NH3 and DMA are present at similar gas-phase concentrations. Despite the presence in the gas phase of at least 100 times higher base concentrations than sulfuric acid, the recently formed particles always had measured base : acid ratios lower than 1 : 1. The lowest base fractions were found in particles below 15 nm VMD, with a strong size-dependent composition gradient. The reasons for the very acidic composition remain uncertain, but a plausible explanation is that the particles did not reach thermodynamic equilibrium with respect to the bases due to rapid heterogeneous conversion of SO2 to sulfate. These results indicate that sulfuric acid does not require stabilization by ammonium or dimethylaminium as acid-base pairs in particles as small as 10 nm. C1 [Lawler, Michael J.; Smith, James N.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Winkler, Paul M.; Virtanen, Annele] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Lawler, Michael J.; Kim, Jaeseok; Keskinen, Helmi; Smith, James N.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio, Finland. [Kim, Jaeseok] Korea Polar Res Inst, Arctic Res Ctr, Inchon 21990, South Korea. [Ahlm, Lars; Riipinen, Ilona] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, Stockholm, Sweden. [Trostl, Jasmin; Lehtipalo, Katrianne] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Praplan, Arnaud P.; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Bianchi, Federico; Duplissy, Jonathan; Jokinen, Tuija; Keskinen, Helmi; Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Petaja, Tuukka; Rissanen, Matti; Sipila, Mikko; Wimmer, Daniela] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Praplan, Arnaud P.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Schobesberger, Siegfried] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kuerten, Andreas; Kirkby, Jasper; Rondo, Linda; Simon, Mario; Williamson, Christina; Wimmer, Daniela] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Kirkby, Jasper] European Org Nucl Res CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Hansel, Armin; Leiminger, Markus] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Williamson, Christina] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williamson, Christina] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lawler, Michael J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Lawler, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.; Lawler, MJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM mlawler@uci.edu RI Sipila, Mikko/G-3024-2010; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Petaja, Tuukka/A-8009-2008; Virtanen, Annele/E-7699-2010; Bianchi, Federico/G-8428-2012; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Jokinen, Tuija/B-3365-2014; OI Trostl, Jasmin/0000-0002-2807-0348; Jokinen, Tuija/0000-0002-1280-1396; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Rissanen, Matti/0000-0003-0463-8098; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Petaja, Tuukka/0000-0002-1881-9044; Virtanen, Annele/0000-0002-2917-5344; Bianchi, Federico/0000-0003-2996-3604; Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; Lehtipalo, Katrianne/0000-0002-1660-2706 FU CERN; EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network "CLOUD-ITN" [215072]; ERC-Advanced grant "ATMNUCLE" [227463]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01LK0902A]; Swiss National Science Foundation [206621 125025, 206620 130527]; Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence program [1118615]; Academy of Finland [138951]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [J3198-N21]; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [CERN/FP/116387/2010]; US National Science Foundation; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [N08-02-91006-CERN]; Finnish Academy [251007]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0014469]; National Science Foundation FX We would like to thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network "CLOUD-ITN" grant no. 215072, the ERC-Advanced grant "ATMNUCLE" (no. 227463), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project no. 01LK0902A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos. 206621 125025 and 206620 130527), the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence program (project no. 1118615), Academy of Finland (project no. 138951), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project no. J3198-N21), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FP/116387/2010), the US National Science Foundation, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant N08-02-91006-CERN). James N. Smith acknowledges funding from the Finnish Academy (Grant No. 251007) and US Department of Energy (grant no. DE-SC0014469). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 3 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 21 BP 13601 EP 13618 DI 10.5194/acp-16-13601-2016 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB1NG UT WOS:000387118700001 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Weir, MD Chow, LC Reynolds, MA Xu, HHK AF Zhang, Ling Weir, Michael D. Chow, Laurence C. Reynolds, Mark A. Xu, Hockin H. K. TI Rechargeable calcium phosphate orthodontic cement with sustained ion release and re-release SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID WHITE SPOT LESIONS; DENTAL NANOCOMPOSITE; CARIES-INHIBITION; COMPOSITE RESINS; ADHESIVES; FLUORIDE; NANOPARTICLES; ENAMEL; REMINERALIZATION; APPLIANCES AB White spot lesions (WSL) due to enamel demineralization are major complications for orthodontic treatments. Calcium phosphate (CaP) dental resins with Ca and P ion releases are promising for remineralization. However, previous Ca and P releases lasted for only weeks. Experimental orthodontic cements were developed using pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) at mass ratio of 1:1 (PE); and PE plus 10% of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 5% of bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) (PEHB). Particles of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) were incorporated into PE and PEHB at 40% filler level. Specimens were tested for bracket-enamel shear bond strength, water sorption, CaP release, and ion recharge and re-release. PEHB+40ACP had higher bracket-enamel bond strength and ion release and rechargeability than PE+40ACP. ACP incorporation into the novel orthodontic cement did not adversely affect the bracket- enamel bond strength. Ion release and re-release from the novel ACP orthodontic cement indicated favorable release and re-release patterns. The recharged orthodontic cement could release CaP ions continuously for four weeks without further recharge. Novel rechargeable orthodontic cement containing ACP was developed with a high bracket- enamel bond strength and the ability to be repeatedly recharged to maintain long-term high levels of CaP ion releases. C1 [Zhang, Ling; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Fourth Mil Med Univ, Sch Stomatol, Dept Prosthodont, State Key Lab Mil Stomatol, Xian 710032, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Ling; Weir, Michael D.; Reynolds, Mark A.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Chow, Laurence C.] NIST, ADAF, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Zhang, L; Xu, HHK (reprint author), Fourth Mil Med Univ, Sch Stomatol, Dept Prosthodont, State Key Lab Mil Stomatol, Xian 710032, Peoples R China.; Zhang, L; Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.; Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.; Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM ciaociaofan@qq.com; hxu@umaryland.edu FU NIH [R01 DE17974]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51373198]; China Scholarship Council; University of Maryland School of Dentistry bridging fund FX This study was supported by NIH R01 DE17974 (HX), National Natural Science Foundation of China 51373198 (LZ), China Scholarship Council (LZ), and University of Maryland School of Dentistry bridging fund (HX). NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 3 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 36476 DI 10.1038/srep36476 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EB2CU UT WOS:000387165500001 PM 27808251 ER PT J AU Kim, KW Lee, KJ Lee, HW Stiles, MD AF Kim, Kyoung-Whan Lee, Kyung-Jin Lee, Hyun-Woo Stiles, M. D. TI Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of two-dimensional Rashba ferromagnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; MULTILAYERS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MONOLAYERS; ENERGY; PD/CO AB We compute the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy within two-dimensional Rashba models. For a ferromagnetic free-electron Rashba model, the magnetic anisotropy is exactly zero regardless of the strength of the Rashba coupling, unless only the lowest band is occupied. For this latter case, the model predicts in-plane anisotropy. For a more realistic Rashba model with finite band width, the magnetic anisotropy evolves from in-plane to perpendicular and back to in-plane as bands are progressively filled. This evolution agrees with first-principles calculations on the interfacial anisotropy, suggesting that the Rashba model captures energetics leading to anisotropy originating from the interface provided that the model takes account of the finite Brillouin zone. The results show that the electron density modulation by doping or an external voltage is more important for voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy than the modulation of the Rashba parameter. C1 [Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Basic Sci Res Inst, Pohang 37673, South Korea. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, PCTP, Pohang 37673, South Korea. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 37673, South Korea. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 02841, South Korea. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, KU KIST Grad Sch Converging Sci & Technol, Seoul 02841, South Korea. RP Lee, HW (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, PCTP, Pohang 37673, South Korea.; Lee, HW (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 37673, South Korea. EM hwl@postech.ac.kr; mark.stiles@nist.gov RI Lee, Kyung-Jin/B-4431-2010; Lee, Hyun-Woo/B-8995-2008; OI Lee, Kyung-Jin/0000-0001-6269-2266; Lee, Hyun-Woo/0000-0002-1648-8093; Kim, Kyoung-Whan/0000-0002-1382-7088 FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Research Foundation of Korea [2011-028163, 2015M3D1A1070465, 2013R1A2A2A05006237]; Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of Korea [10044723]; Basic Science Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology FX The authors acknowledge R. D. McMichael, C.-Y. You, P. M. Haney, and J. McClelland for critical reading of the manuscript. K.W.K. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Grant No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. K.W.K. was also supported by Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, based on a Collaborative Research Agreement with Basic Science Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology. K.J.L was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant No. 2011-028163, 2015M3D1A1070465). H.W.L. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant No. 2013R1A2A2A05006237) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of Korea (Grant No. 10044723). NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 3 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 18 AR 184402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.184402 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EA6WE UT WOS:000386769000003 ER PT J AU Yang, K Cai, ZK Jaiswal, A Tyagi, M Moore, JS Zhang, Y AF Yang, Ke Cai, Zhikun Jaiswal, Abhishek Tyagi, Madhusudan Moore, Jeffrey S. Zhang, Yang TI Dynamic Odd-Even Effect in Liquid n-Alkanes near Their Melting Points SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE alkanes; molecular dynamics; odd-even effect; quasi-elastic neutron scattering; relaxation times ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DIFFUSION; VISCOSITY; CONFORMATION; SIMULATION; ZEOLITES; PHASE AB n-Alkanes are the textbook examples of the odd-even effect: The difference in the periodic packing of odd- and even-numbered n-alkane solids results in odd-even variation of their melting points. However, in the liquid state, in which this packing difference is not obvious, it seems natural to assume that the odd-even effect does not exist, as supported by the monotonic dependence of the boiling points of n-alkanes on the chain length. Herein, we report a surprising odd-even effect in the translational diffusional dynamic properties of n-alkanes in their liquid states. To measure the dynamics of the molecules, we performed quasi-elastic neutron scattering measurements near their melting points. We found that odd-numbered n-alkanes exhibit up to 30times slower dynamics than even-numbered n-alkanes near their respective melting points. Our results suggest that, although n-alkanes are the simplest hydrocarbons, their dynamic properties are extremely sensitive to the number of carbon atoms. C1 [Yang, Ke] Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cai, Zhikun; Jaiswal, Abhishek] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey S.] Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL USA. [Zhang, Yang] Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM zhyang@illinois.edu OI Zhang, Yang/0000-0002-7339-8342; Yang, Ke/0000-0002-0184-9124 FU ACS PRF [55642-DNI6]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249] FX Y.Z. is supported by ACS PRF 55642-DNI6. For this research, we used facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PD NOV 2 PY 2016 VL 55 IS 45 BP 14090 EP 14095 DI 10.1002/anie.201607316 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EB0EM UT WOS:000387016200033 PM 27730714 ER PT J AU Zhou, XQ Zhou, W Udovic, TJ Yildirim, T Rush, JJ Rodriguez, EE Wu, H AF Zhou, Xiuquan Zhou, Wei Udovic, Terrence J. Yildirim, Taner Rush, John J. Rodriguez, Efrain E. Wu, Hui TI Development of potential organic-molecule-based hydrogen storage materials: Converting C-N bond-breaking thermolysis of guanidine to N-H bond-breaking dehydrogenation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen storage; Endothermic dehydrogenation; Crystal structure determination; Guanidine; Metal guanidinates ID CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; HYDRIDE SYSTEM; AMIDE; DESTABILIZATION; BOROHYDRIDE; COMPLEXES; SODIUM; FAMILY; LINH2; LIH AB The small organic molecule guanidine CN3H5 can be anionized via a facile reaction with alkali-metal hydrides or amides with the formation of metal guanidinates (MCN3H4) and their guanidine adducts. The crystal structures and thermal decomposition properties of these organic-molecule-based complex hydrides were carefully investigated. Through metallation, MCN3H4 can completely preserve carbon atoms in the system and exhibit a largely improved thermal decomposition compared to CN3H5 regarding the extent of C-N bond breaking. By pairing H+ in CN3H5 or MCN3H4 with H-from metal hydrides, the resulting composite can further reduce ammonia libration and promote an endothermic dehydrogenation. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. C1 [Zhou, Xiuquan; Rodriguez, Efrain E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.; Yildirim, Taner; Rush, John J.; Wu, Hui] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wu, H (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM huiwu@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617 FU DOE-EERE Grant [DE-EE0002978] FX This work was partially supported by the DOE-EERE Grant No. DE-EE0002978 (T.J.U.). NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD NOV 2 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 41 BP 18542 EP 18549 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.08.129 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA DZ1KW UT WOS:000385598300024 ER PT J AU Altieri, AS Ladner, JE Li, Z Robinson, H Sallman, ZF Marino, JP Kelman, Z AF Altieri, Amanda S. Ladner, Jane E. Li, Zhuo Robinson, Howard Sallman, Zahur F. Marino, John P. Kelman, Zvi TI A small protein inhibits proliferating cell nuclear antigen by breaking the DNA clamp (vol 44, pg 6232, 2016) SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 [Altieri, Amanda S.; Ladner, Jane E.; Li, Zhuo; Sallman, Zahur F.; Marino, John P.; Kelman, Zvi] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Altieri, Amanda S.; Ladner, Jane E.; Li, Zhuo; Sallman, Zahur F.; Marino, John P.; Kelman, Zvi] NIST, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Li, Zhuo] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 3, 184 Daxue Rd, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Robinson, Howard] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kelman, Zvi] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Biomol Labeling Lab, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Kelman, Z (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.; Kelman, Z (reprint author), NIST, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.; Kelman, Z (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Biomol Labeling Lab, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM zkelman@umd.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 EI 1362-4962 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 44 IS 20 BP 10015 EP 10015 DI 10.1093/nar/gkw824 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA EK3HR UT WOS:000393817800007 PM 27625392 ER PT J AU Fossette, S Katija, K Goldbogen, JA Bograd, S Patry, W Howard, MJ Knowles, T Haddock, SHD Bedell, L Hazen, EL Robison, BH Mooney, TA Shorter, KA Bastian, T Gleiss, AC AF Fossette, Sabrina Katija, Kakani Goldbogen, Jeremy A. Bograd, Steven Patry, Wyatt Howard, Michael J. Knowles, Thomas Haddock, Steven H. D. Bedell, Loryn Hazen, Elliott L. Robison, Bruce H. Mooney, T. Aran Shorter, K. Alex Bastian, Thomas Gleiss, Adrian C. TI How to tag a jellyfish? A methodological review and guidelines to successful jellyfish tagging SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE jellyfish; zooplankton; tagging; tracking; behaviour; accelerometry ID AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; DYNAMIC BODY ACCELERATION; PERIPHYLLA-PERIPHYLLA; MESOPELAGIC JELLYFISH; GLOBAL OSCILLATIONS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; FORAGE FISH AB Jellyfish have become a topic of interest of many marine scientists and managers alike due to their conspicuous socio-economic and environmental impacts. However, our knowledge about their "everyday life" remains limited. While electronic tags (transmitters and loggers) have been extensively used to study marine vertebrates for the past 50 years, tagging is still in its infancy for marine invertebrates and jellyfish in particular. Progress has been hampered by the difficulty and limited knowledge of attaching tags to soft-bodied animals. We argue that there is huge potential to use tagging to gather basic information on the ecology and behaviour of these species. Here, we give an overview of what has been learned so far by deploying tags on jellyfish, and why tagging is an appropriate method to study their behaviour and ecology. We then describe different tagging techniques, their advantages, disadvantages and challenges, and the steps to ensure future successful jellyfish tagging studies. C1 [Fossette, Sabrina; Bograd, Steven; Hazen, Elliott L.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 99 Pacific St, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Fossette, Sabrina] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Katija, Kakani; Haddock, Steven H. D.; Robison, Bruce H.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Res & Dev, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Goldbogen, Jeremy A.; Bedell, Loryn; Gleiss, Adrian C.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, 120 Ocean View Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Patry, Wyatt; Howard, Michael J.; Knowles, Thomas] Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Mooney, T. Aran] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, 86 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Shorter, K. Alex] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, 2350 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Shorter, K. Alex] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, 86 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bastian, Thomas] Univ Lille, Univ Littoral Cote Opale, CNRS, UMR 8187,Lab Oceanol & Geosci, F-62930 Wimereux, France. [Gleiss, Adrian C.] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Life Sci, Ctr Fish & Fisheries Res, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RP Fossette, S (reprint author), NOAA, Div Environm Res, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 99 Pacific St, Monterey, CA 93940 USA.; Fossette, S (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM Sabrina.fossette@googlemail.com FU National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship; National Science Foundation's Program for Innovative Development of Biological Research; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Innovative Technology Program; MBARI Postdoctoral Fellow program - Lucile and David Packard Foundation; National Geographic Society [9452-14]; Tissueseal LLC. FX S.F. was supported by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. T.A.M. and K.K. were partially supported by the National Science Foundation's Program for Innovative Development of Biological Research and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Innovative Technology Program. K.K. was also partially supported by the MBARI Postdoctoral Fellow program funded by the Lucile and David Packard Foundation. This work was conducted under a grant from the National Geographic Society (#9452-14). This work was supported by Tissueseal LLC. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 EI 1464-3774 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1347 EP 1363 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbw073 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EJ2HP UT WOS:000393031000001 ER PT J AU Zeman, SM Brodeur, RD Daly, EA Sutherland, KR AF Zeman, Samantha M. Brodeur, Richard D. Daly, Elizabeth A. Sutherland, Kelly R. TI Prey selection patterns of Chrysaora fuscescens in the northern California Current SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chrysaora fuscescens; northern California Current; jellyfish; ichthyoplankton ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; AURELIA-AURITA; SURFACE WATERS; FISH LARVAE; PELAGIC CNIDARIANS; AEQUOREA-AEQUOREA; PREDATION IMPACT; SPATIAL OVERLAP; DIGESTION TIMES; LARGE JELLYFISH AB Chrysaora fuscescens is the most abundant large scyphomedusae in the northern California Current (NCC), a productive upwelling system. We quantified the diet and prey selection of C. fuscescens at stations off the Oregon and Washington coasts during the summer of 2014. The major prey items ingested were copepods, cladocerans and gelatinous taxa, and comprised 4-77% of gut contents. Northern anchovy eggs (Engraulis mordax) were a dominant prey item at stations near the Columbia River, comprising 40% of gut contents. Prey selection indices showed that though copepods dominated gut contents, C. fuscescens preferentially ingested slow-moving, non-motile prey including fish eggs and gelatinous taxa and negatively selected for more motile prey such as copepods. Clearance rates and ingestion rates varied by three orders of magnitude for the different zooplankton taxa but, on average, fish eggs and gelatinous taxa were cleared at higher rates than more commonly ingested prey items such as copepods. Daily carbon ration reached 10% of body carbon but had an average value of 2%, suggesting that some medusae may be food limited. These results highlight medusae predation on ichthyoplankton and can inform ecosystem models in the NCC. C1 [Zeman, Samantha M.; Sutherland, Kelly R.] 5289 Univ Oregon, Oregon Inst Marine Biol, Eugene, OR 97405 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Hatfield Marine Sci Ct, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Daly, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Zeman, SM (reprint author), 5289 Univ Oregon, Oregon Inst Marine Biol, Eugene, OR 97405 USA. EM zemans@oregonstate.edu FU Oregon Sea Grant [NA14OAR4170064]; National Science Foundation [OCE-1155084]; UO's Office of Research; Northwest Fisheries Science Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Bonneville Power Administration FX Oregon Sea Grant (NA14OAR4170064 to K.R.S. and R.D.B.); the National Science Foundation (OCE-1155084 to K.R.S.); UO's Office of Research (to K.R.S.). Northwest Fisheries Science Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; the Bonneville Power Administration. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 EI 1464-3774 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1433 EP 1443 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbw065 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EJ2HP UT WOS:000393031000008 ER PT J AU Yan, XH Boyer, T Trenberth, K Karl, TR Xie, SP Nieves, V Tung, KK Roemmich, D AF Yan, Xiao-Hai Boyer, Tim Trenberth, Kevin Karl, Thomas R. Xie, Shang-Ping Nieves, Veronica Tung, Ka-Kit Roemmich, Dean TI The global warming hiatus: Slowdown or redistribution? SO Earths Future LA English DT Review ID OCEAN HEAT-CONTENT; SEA-LEVEL; UNDERWATER GLIDERS; INDIAN-OCEAN; ARGO ARRAY; TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC; ATLANTIC; ACCELERATION; CIRCULATION AB Global mean surface temperatures (GMST) exhibited a smaller rate of warming during 1998-2013, compared to the warming in the latter half of the 20th Century. Although, not a "true" hiatus in the strict definition of the word, this has been termed the "global warming hiatus" by IPCC (2013). There have been other periods that have also been defined as the "hiatus" depending on the analysis. There are a number of uncertainties and knowledge gaps regarding the "hiatus." This report reviews these issues and also posits insights from a collective set of diverse information that helps us understand what we do and do not know. One salient insight is that the GMST phenomenon is a surface characteristic that does not represent a slowdown in warming of the climate system but rather is an energy redistribution within the oceans. Improved understanding of the ocean distribution and redistribution of heat will help better monitor Earth's energy budget and its consequences. A review of recent scientific publications on the "hiatus" shows the difficulty and complexities in pinpointing the oceanic sink of the "missing heat" from the atmosphere and the upper layer of the oceans, which defines the "hiatus." Advances in "hiatus" research and outlooks (recommendations) are given in this report. C1 [Yan, Xiao-Hai] Univ Delaware, Joint Inst CRM, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Yan, Xiao-Hai] Xiamen Univ, Xiamen, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Boyer, Tim] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Trenberth, Kevin] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Xie, Shang-Ping; Roemmich, Dean] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, San Diego, CA USA. [Nieves, Veronica] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Nieves, Veronica] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tung, Ka-Kit] Univ Washington, Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Yan, XH (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Joint Inst CRM, Newark, DE 19716 USA.; Yan, XH (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Xiamen, Fujian, Peoples R China. EM xiaohai@UDel.Edu OI Trenberth, Kevin/0000-0002-1445-1000 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); US Department of Energy (DOE); NASA; National Science Foundation of China (NSFC); State Oceanic Administration (SOA) of China FX We thank Jim Carton and Mike Patterson for working as coconveners of the US-CLIVAR panel at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting, 2015. We also thank Weiwei Zhang for improving the manuscript and Enhui Liao for helping reference reformatting and some figure replotting. The AGU's Ocean Science Section and the US CLIVAR Project Office's support during the panel session are greatly appreciated. US CLIVAR's activities are sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and US Department of Energy (DOE). Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. The research carried out at the University of Delaware/Xiamen University's Joint Institute of CRM was partially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the State Oceanic Administration (SOA) of China. The IPCC heat content values we used were obtained from Gregory C. Johnson. This is a review paper, and all relevant experimental data can be found in the referenced papers. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD NOV PY 2016 VL 4 IS 11 BP 472 EP 482 DI 10.1002/2016EF000417 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI9FI UT WOS:000392812800001 ER PT J AU Rahaman, H Behringer, DW Penny, SG Ravichandran, M AF Rahaman, Hasibur Behringer, David W. Penny, Stephen G. Ravichandran, M. TI Impact of an upgraded model in the NCEP Global Ocean Data Assimilation System: The tropical Indian Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Global Ocean Data Assimilation System; Indian Ocean; Modular Ocean Model ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL UNDERCURRENT; POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; CIRCULATION MODELS; SUMMER MONSOON; ZONAL CURRENTS; DIPOLE MODE AB The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) produces global ocean analysis based on the Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS). This study shows how upgrades to the forward model simulations from MOM4p0d to MOM4p1 impact ocean analyses over the tropical Indian Ocean in GODAS. Three experiments were performed with same atmospheric forcing fields: (i) using MOM4p0d (GODAS_p0), (ii) using MOM4p1 (GODAS_p1), both using observed temperature and synthetic salinity, and (iii) using MOM4p1 (GODAS_p1S) assimilating both observed temperature and observed salinity. Validation with independent observations shows significant improvement of subsurface temperature and salinity in the new analysis using MOM4p1 versus MOM4p0d. There is also improvement in the upper ocean current of the equatorial Indian Ocean. The impact of observed salinity on the upper ocean surface current is marginal, but there is significant improvement in the subsurface current. The seasonal and inter-annual variability of the Wyrtki jet and the equatorial undercurrent is improved in GODAS_p1 versus GODAS_p0. All analyses reproduced the Indian Ocean dipole, with the GODAS_p1S simulated sea surface temperature (SST) the most accurate. The temperature inversion over the north Bay of Bengal (BoB) is reproduced only in GODAS_p1S. The mean sea level over BoB and equatorial Indian Ocean improved in GODAS_p1S as compared with AVISO observation. The combined model upgrade and assimilation of observed salinity led to reduced root-mean-square deviation and higher correlation coefficient values in the sea level anomaly (SLA) when compared with satellite observations. C1 [Rahaman, Hasibur; Ravichandran, M.] Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Minist Earth Sci, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Behringer, David W.; Penny, Stephen G.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Penny, Stephen G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rahaman, H (reprint author), Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Minist Earth Sci, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM rahman@incois.gov.in OI Ravichandran, Muthalagu/0000-0002-4602-0731 FU NOAA/NWS/OSTI program for the Next Generation Global Prediction System [NA15NWS4680016] FX The authors duly acknowledge the various data sources for the freely available data. RAMA surface current data were obtained from NOAA's Tropical Atmosphere Ocean project http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/disdel/frames/main.html. The subsurface ADCP current data were obtained from http://www.jamstec.go.jp/rigc/j/tcvrp/ipocvrt/adcp_data.html. Argo gridded data are available at http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/Gridded_fields.html and EN4.1 data are available at http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/en4/download.html. AVISO data are available at http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data/products/sea-surface-height-produc ts/global/madt-h-uv.html# c5355. OMNI (Ocean Moored buoy Network for Northern Indian Ocean) buoy data were obtained from INCOIS. TMI SST data were obtained from http://www.remss.com. OSCAR data were taken from http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/dods/public_data/PODAAC/oscar_local. The first author (HR) thanks the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA) and NCEP/NOAA for the visiting scientist fellowship award under which part of this work done whilst at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NCEP, College Park, Maryland, USA. We also thank Vijay Tallapragada (NCEP) and James Carton (University of Maryland) for providing the necessary support to carry out this work. The encouragement and facilities provided by Dr. S. S. C. Shenoi, Director, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) are gratefully acknowledged. We thank Shailesh Nayak, Ex-Secretary, MoES for his encouragement to complete this work. We thank T. Venugopal, Suprit Kumar, and J. V. S. Raju for their help to get the ADCP current and OMNI temperature profile data. S. Penny is supported by the NOAA/NWS/OSTI program for the Next Generation Global Prediction System (#NA15NWS4680016). Thanks are also due to M. Rajamanickam, Amit, and Jeelani and to the entire Aditya support team for IT help. Finally, we thank the two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. Graphics are generated using Ferret. This is INCOIS contribution 268. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2016 VL 121 IS 11 BP 8039 EP 8062 DI 10.1002/2016JC012056 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI9PP UT WOS:000392841000007 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC Birnbaum, AN AF Johnson, Gregory C. Birnbaum, Abigail N. TI Equatorial Pacific Thermostad response to El Nino SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Pacific Equatorial Themostad; El Nino ID SUBSURFACE COUNTERCURRENTS; INTERMEDIATE CURRENT; TROPICAL PACIFIC; OCEAN; WATER; MODEL AB El Ninos are characterized by a shift of warm surface water from the western to eastern equatorial Pacific due to weakening of easterly trade winds. This shift is associated with the pycnocline (or thermocline), the large vertical density gradient beneath the surface mixed layer, shoaling in the west and deepening in the east, inducing a redistribution of ocean heat with global impacts. Here the response of the Equatorial Pacific Thermostad, a layer of low vertical stratification below the pycnocline to, El Nino is investigated using a monthly Argo float climatology and Argo float deep velocity data. A mean, seasonal cycle, trend, and time-lagged linear response to the Nino3.4 index are fit by least squares to temperature and salinity at each grid point as well as to deep float velocities (omitting the trend). The results of these fits are used to characterize the response of physical properties in the Thermostad, including layer thickness and velocity, to El Nino by comparing the mean properties following neutral conditions (Nino3.4=0 degrees C) versus those following a moderate El Nino (Nino3.4=1 degrees C). Following an El Nino, a strengthening of the westward-flowing Equatorial Intermediate Current of about 2.7 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) shifts about 97 x 10(12) m(3) of Thermostad water from the east to the west, allowing conservation of volume within the Thermostad as the pycnocline above deepens in the east and shoals in the west. This transport and volume change imply a 14 month time scale, consistent with El Nino. C1 [Johnson, Gregory C.; Birnbaum, Abigail N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Birnbaum, Abigail N.] Cornell Univ, Coll Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce; NOAA Research; NOAA Hollings Scholar Program FX Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu, http://argo.jcommops.org). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. Data used in this study can be accessed at the URLs found in section 2. Comments from two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. G.C.J. is supported by the Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce and NOAA Research. A.B. was supported by the NOAA Hollings Scholar Program. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory contribution 4556. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2016 VL 121 IS 11 BP 8368 EP 8378 DI 10.1002/2016JC012304 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI9PP UT WOS:000392841000023 ER PT J AU Uccellini, LW AF Uccellini, Louis W. TI Restructuring the National Weather Service SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Uccellini, Louis W.] Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Uccellini, LW (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM louis.uccellini@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0033-3352 EI 1540-6210 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 76 IS 6 BP 842 EP 843 DI 10.1111/puar.12633 PG 2 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA EI5EZ UT WOS:000392518200003 ER PT J AU Gann, RG AF Gann, Richard G. TI Materials identification in comparison of results among fire scaling and flammability studies SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Letter DE Fire data comparison; fire model validation; fire scaling; fire test methods; fire test specimens; material identification AB There is concern about comparing fire test results from different apparatus and from multiple laboratories in which the tested materials and products in a generic group are assumed to be identical, when they are often quite different. The use of such results can adversely affect the acceptability of a test method and the validity of the computational models used to simulate fire hazard and risk. Three International Standards Organization subcommittees (ISO TC92 SC1, Fire Initiation and Growth; ISO TC92 SC3, Fire Threat to People and the Environment; and ISO TC61 SC4, PlasticsBurning Behaviour) contend that the comparison of gas yields (and perhaps other fire properties, such as ignition delay time and heat release rate) is only proper among studies in which the test specimens are from a single, uniform batch or if it is assured that any differences in composition do not affect the test outcome significantly. C1 [Gann, Richard G.] NIST, Fire Res Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gann, RG (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rggann@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0734-9041 EI 1530-8049 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 34 IS 6 BP 528 EP 529 DI 10.1177/0734904116671330 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA EB4CL UT WOS:000387316700005 ER PT J AU van de Water, JAJM Lamb, JB Heron, SF van Oppen, MJH Willis, BL AF van de Water, Jeroen A. J. M. Lamb, Joleah B. Heron, Scott F. van Oppen, Madeleine J. H. Willis, Bette L. TI Temporal patterns in innate immunity parameters in reef-building corals and linkages with local climatic conditions SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE chromoprotein; coral; fluorescence; green fluorescent protein-like proteins; immunity; indicator; phenoloxidase; prophenoloxidase; salinity; temperature ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; GFP-LIKE PROTEINS; SHRIMP LITOPENAEUS-VANNAMEI; HEAT-STRESS; SCLERACTINIAN CORAL; ACROPORA-MILLEPORA; SEA FAN; RESPONSES; HOST; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Extremes in seasonal environmental conditions can significantly impact the health and physiological functioning of reef corals, underscoring the need for knowledge of seasonally specific baselines from which to monitor and forecast impending stress. Increases above summertime means in seawater temperature, sunlight intensity, turbidity, or sedimentation may reduce coral immunocompetency and increase disease and bleaching susceptibility. We analyzed temporal patterns in innate immunity parameters over nine time points throughout one year to establish baseline levels from which anomalies might be detected for representative species from three major reef-building coral families (Acroporidae, Faviidae, and Poritidae). Temporal patterns in both phenoloxidase activity and expression of green fluorescent protein-like proteins varied among the three families, as did overall constitutive levels. For example, Porites cylindrica had 2.8-fold higher yearly average levels of phenoloxidase activity than Acropora millepora, which had the lowest levels. In contrast, mean fluorescence was lowest in Acropora millepora and highest in Echinopora mammiformis. Relationships between the potential physical drivers (seasonal variation in seawater temperature, rainfall, salinity) and temporal patterns in these parameters also differed among the three species. For example, phenoloxidase activity was positively correlated with seawater temperature in A. millepora, but negatively correlated in both E. mammiformis and P. cylin-drica. Distinctions in constitutive levels and temporal patterns in these parameters among species suggest that corals from these three families have evolved different strategies for investing resources into innate immune parameters. Such differences highlight the need for species-specific baselines and long-term assessments to accurately predict coral reef trajectories in rapidly changing environments. C1 [van de Water, Jeroen A. J. M.; Lamb, Joleah B.; van Oppen, Madeleine J. H.; Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [van de Water, Jeroen A. J. M.; Lamb, Joleah B.; Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [van de Water, Jeroen A. J. M.; Lamb, Joleah B.; van Oppen, Madeleine J. H.; Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ, AIMS JCU, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [van de Water, Jeroen A. J. M.; van Oppen, Madeleine J. H.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [van de Water, Jeroen A. J. M.] Ctr Sci Monaco, MC-98000 Monaco, Monaco. [Lamb, Joleah B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [van Oppen, Madeleine J. H.] Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RP van de Water, JAJM (reprint author), James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.; van de Water, JAJM (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.; van de Water, JAJM (reprint author), James Cook Univ, AIMS JCU, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.; van de Water, JAJM (reprint author), Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia.; van de Water, JAJM (reprint author), Ctr Sci Monaco, MC-98000 Monaco, Monaco. EM jeroen.vandewater@my.jcu.edu.au RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; van Oppen, Madeleine/C-3261-2008; OI Lamb, Joleah/0000-0002-7005-9994; van de Water, Jeroen/0000-0001-6974-2270 FU Australian Research Council FX Orpheus Island Research Station is thanked for logistical support. Rhondda Jones is thanked for advice on statistical analyses. Ian McLeod, Stuart Beveridge, Raechel Littman, Crystal Neigh, Tom Heintz, and Lisa Kelly are thanked for field assistance and Caroline Palmer and Lisa Kelly also for laboratory support. The authors are also grateful to the Australian Research Council for funds allocated by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies to Bette Willis, which funded this project. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 AR e01505 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1505 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI1AP UT WOS:000392207600035 ER PT J AU Lopez, F Witherell, P Lane, B AF Lopez, Felipe Witherell, Paul Lane, Brandon TI Identifying Uncertainty in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Models SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article AB As additive manufacturing (AM) matures, models are beginning to take a more prominent stage in design and process planning. A limitation frequently encountered in AM models is a lack of indication about their precision and accuracy. Often overlooked, model uncertainty is required for validation of AM models, qualification of AM-produced parts, and uncertainty management. This paper presents a discussion on the origin and propagation of uncertainty in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) models. Four sources of uncertainty are identified: modeling assumptions, unknown simulation parameters, numerical approximations, and measurement error in calibration data. Techniques to quantify uncertainty in each source are presented briefly, along with estimation algorithms to diminish prediction uncertainty with the incorporation of online measurements. The methods are illustrated with a case study based on a thermal model designed for melt pool width predictions. Model uncertainty is quantified for single track experiments, and the effect of online estimation in overhanging structures is studied via simulation. C1 [Lopez, Felipe] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Witherell, Paul] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lane, Brandon] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lopez, F (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM felipelopez@utexas.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 138 IS 11 SI SI AR 114502 DI 10.1115/1.4034103 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA EI4LZ UT WOS:000392466500015 ER PT J AU Thode, A Wild, L Straley, J Barnes, D Bayless, A O'Connell, V Oleson, E Sarkar, J Falvey, D Behnken, L Martin, S AF Thode, Aaron Wild, Lauren Straley, Janice Barnes, Dustin Bayless, Ali O'Connell, Victoria Oleson, Erin Sarkar, Jit Falvey, Dan Behnken, Linda Martin, Sean TI Using line acceleration to measure false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) click and whistle source levels during pelagic longline depredation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OCEAN AB False killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) depredate pelagic longlines in offshore Hawaiian waters. On January 28, 2015 a depredation event was recorded 14m from an integrated GoPro camera, hydrophone, and accelerometer, revealing that false killer whales depredate bait and generate clicks and whistles under good visibility conditions. The act of plucking bait off a hook generated a distinctive 15Hz line vibration. Two similar line vibrations detected at earlier times permitted the animal's range and thus signal source levels to be estimated over a 25-min window. Peak power spectral density source levels for whistles (4-8 kHz) were estimated to be between 115 and 130 dB re 1 mu Pa-2/Hz @ 1m. Echolocation click source levels over 17-32 kHz bandwidth reached 205 dB re 1 mu Pa @ 1m pk-pk, or 190 dB re 1 mu Pa @ 1m (root-mean-square). Predicted detection ranges of the most intense whistles are 10 to 25km at respective sea states of 4 and 1, with click detection ranges being 5 times smaller than whistles. These detection range analyses provide insight into how passive acoustic monitoring might be used to both quantify and avoid depredation encounters. (C) 2016 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Thode, Aaron; Sarkar, Jit] Univ Calif San Diego, Marine Phys Lab, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wild, Lauren; O'Connell, Victoria] Sitka Sound Sci Ctr, 8340 Lincoln St, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [Straley, Janice] Univ Alaska Southeast, 1332 Seward Ave, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [Barnes, Dustin] NOAA, Fisheries Pacific Isl Reg Off, Observer Program, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Bayless, Ali] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, NOAA, Fisheries Pacific IslFisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Oleson, Erin] NOAA, Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Falvey, Dan; Behnken, Linda] Alaska Longline Fishermens Assoc, POB 1229, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [Martin, Sean] POP Fishing & Marine, 1133 North Nimitz Highway, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. RP Thode, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Marine Phys Lab, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM athode@ucsd.edu FU Derek Orner under the Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program (BREP) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX The authors are indebted to Captain Jerry Ray and the rest of the F/V Katy Mary crew for permitting the camera gear to be deployed during their longline fishing trip. Robert Glatts designed the custom GoPro circuit board, and Will Cerf assisted with video footage analysis. This research was sponsored by Derek Orner under the Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program (BREP) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 140 IS 5 BP 3941 EP 3951 DI 10.1121/1.4966625 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA EH3YJ UT WOS:000391707700062 PM 27908079 ER PT J AU Griffiths, ET Barlow, J AF Griffiths, Emily T. Barlow, Jay TI Cetacean acoustic detections from free-floating vertical hydrophone arrays in the southern California Current SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Drifting acoustic recorders were deployed in the southern California Current during Fall 2014. Two hydrophones configured as a 2-m vertical array at 100m depth recorded using a 192kHz sample rate on a 10% duty cycle (2min/20min). Beaked whales were detected in 33 of 8618 two-minute recordings. Sperm whales were detected in 185 recordings, and dolphins in 2291 recordings. Many beaked whales detected were over an abyssal plain and not associated with slope or seamount features. Results show the feasibility of using free-floating recording systems to detect a variety of cetacean species over periods of several months. C1 [Griffiths, Emily T.; Barlow, Jay] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Griffiths, Emily T.] Ocean Associates Inc, 4007 N Abingdon St, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. RP Griffiths, ET (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM emilytgriffiths@gmail.com; jay.barlow@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC); NOAA's Acoustic Program; NOAA's Cooperative Research Program FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA's Acoustic Program, and NOAA's Cooperative Research Program. The exceptional crew of the R/V Ocean Starr and the volunteer acousticians on board ensured successful deployments and retrievals. Shannon Rankin and Jennifer Keating at SWFSC provided much appreciated advice and assistance during all DASBR tests which attributed to the success of this full-scale deployment. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 140 IS 5 BP EL399 EP EL404 DI 10.1121/1.4967012 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA EH3YJ UT WOS:000391707700005 PM 27908036 ER PT J AU Schaub, NJ AF Schaub, Nicholas J. TI Electrospun fibers: a guiding scaffold for research and regeneration of the spinal cord SO NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUSTAINED-RELEASE; INJURY; MIGRATION; REPAIR C1 [Schaub, Nicholas J.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schaub, NJ (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nicholas.schaub@nist.gov FU National Research Council Research Associate Program fellowship FX This work was funded by the National Research Council Research Associate Program fellowship awarded to NJS. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS & MEDIA PVT LTD PI MUMBAI PA B-9, KANARA BUSINESS CENTRE, OFF LINK RD, GHAKTOPAR-E, MUMBAI, 400075, INDIA SN 1673-5374 EI 1876-7958 J9 NEURAL REGEN RES JI Neural Regen. Res. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1764 EP 1765 DI 10.4103/1673-5374.194719 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Neurosciences SC Cell Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA EH2DW UT WOS:000391578600020 PM 28123416 ER PT J AU Wilson, KA Heinselman, PL Kang, Z AF Wilson, Katie A. Heinselman, Pamela L. Kang, Ziho TI Exploring Applications of Eye Tracking in Operational Meteorology Research SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; SEVERE THUNDERSTORM; WEATHER; DECISIONS AB Eye-tracking technology can observe where and how someone's eye gaze is directed, and therefore provides information about one's attention and related cognitive processes in real time. The use of eye tracking methods is evident in a variety of research domains, and has been used on few occasions within the meteorology community. With the goals of Weather Ready Nation in mind, eye-tracking applications in meteorology have so far supported the need to address how people interpret meteorological information through televised forecasts and graphics. However, eye tracking has not yet been applied to learning about forecaster behavior and decision processes. In this article, we consider what current methods are being used to study forecasters and why we believe eye tracking is a method that should be incorporated into our efforts. We share our first data collection of an NWS forecaster's eye gaze data, and explore the types of information that these data provide about the forecaster's cognitive processes. We also discuss how eye-tracking methods could be applied to other aspects of operational meteorology research in the future, and provide motivation for further exploration on this topic. C1 [Wilson, Katie A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Heinselman, Pamela L.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Kang, Ziho] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Wilson, KA (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM katie.bowden@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 97 IS 11 BP 2019 EP 2025 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00148.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EG1YY UT WOS:000390831500004 ER PT J AU Albrecht, RI Goodman, SJ Buechler, DE Blakeslee, RJ Christian, HJ AF Albrecht, Rachel I. Goodman, Steven J. Buechler, Dennis E. Blakeslee, Richard J. Christian, Hugh J. TI WHERE ARE THE LIGHTNING HOTSPOTS ON EARTH? SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL JET; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE COMPLEXES; NORTHWESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA; DIURNAL CYCLE; CLOUD ELECTRIFICATION; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; EQUATORIAL AFRICA; EAST-AFRICA; WEST-AFRICA; PART I AB Previous total lightning climatology studies using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) observations were reported at coarse resolution (0.5) and employed significant spatial and temporal smoothing to account for sampling limitations of TRMM's tropical to subtropical low-Earth-orbit coverage. The analysis reported here uses a 16-yr reprocessed dataset to create a very high-resolution (0.1) climatology with no further spatial averaging. This analysis reveals that Earth's principal lightning hotspot occurs over Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela, while the highest flash rate density hotspot previously found at the lower 0.5 degrees-resolution sampling was found in the Congo basin in Africa. Lake Maracaibo's pattern of convergent windflow (mountain-valley, lake, and sea breezes) occurs over the warm lake waters nearly year-round and contributes to nocturnal thunderstorm development 297 days per year on average. These thunderstorms are very localized, and their persistent development anchored in one location accounts for the high flash rate density. Several other inland lakes with similar conditions, that is, deep nocturnal convection driven by locally forced convergent flow over a warm lake surface, are also revealed. Africa is the continent with the most lightning hotspots, followed by Asia, South America, North America, and Australia. A climatological map of the local hour of maximum flash rate density reveals that most oceanic total lightning maxima are related to nocturnal thunderstorms, while continental lightning tends to occur during the afternoon. Most of the principal continental maxima are located near major mountain ranges, revealing the importance of local topography in thunderstorm development. C1 [Albrecht, Rachel I.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Albrecht, Rachel I.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Goodman, Steven J.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Buechler, Dennis E.; Christian, Hugh J.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Blakeslee, Richard J.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Albrecht, RI (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Rua Matao 1226, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. EM rachel.albrecht@iag.usp.br FU NASA Earth Science Division; NOAA GOES-R Science Office FX We would like to acknowledge the support of the NASA Earth Science Division and the NOAA GOES-R Science Office in addition to the work of all LIS Science Team members. All past and current members have contributed in some degree to the success of this mission. A special thanks is offered to Dennis Boccippio, who developed the source code for OTD and LIS gridded climatologies, which were modified here to obtain the very high-resolution grid (0.1 degrees) results: We also thank the editor, Edward Zipser, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. Douglas Mach (USRA), thank you for the discussions on LIS algorithm and flash length. LIS data used in this work and the gridded climatologies produced here are distributed by the NASA EOSDIS Global Hydrology Resource Center Data Analysis and Archive Center (DAAC), Huntsville, Alabama, (http://thunder.nsstc.nasa.gov). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 97 IS 11 BP 2051 EP 2068 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00193.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EG1YY UT WOS:000390831500007 ER PT J AU Petersen, RA Cronce, L Mamrosh, R Baker, R Pauley, P AF Petersen, Ralph Alvin Cronce, Lee Mamrosh, Richard Baker, Randy Pauley, Patricia TI ON THE IMPACT AND FUTURE BENEFITS OF AMDAR OBSERVATIONS IN OPERATIONAL FORECASTING Part II: Water Vapor Observations SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAYER PROFILER OBSERVATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIRCRAFT; SYSTEM; ASSIMILATION; TEMPERATURE; WIND AB Although wind and temperature observations from commercial aircraft have been shown to improve operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) on global and regional scales, the quality and potential importance of newly available moisture observations are less well recognized. Because moisture changes often occur at much smaller scales than wind and temperature variations, these temporally and spatially frequent moisture observations can have exceptionally large impacts on forecasts of disruptive weather events and could help offset the dwindling number of global moisture observations. Currently, more than 148 aircraft based Water Vapor Sensing Systems (WVSS; 139 operating in the U.S. and 9 in Europe) provide specific humidity observations en route and in 1200 profiles made daily during takeoff/landing. Results of a series of assessments comparing data from initial WVSS sensors installed on 25 United Parcel Service (UPS) Boeing 757 aircraft with collocated raobs show agreement to within 0.5 g kg(-1), with minimal biases. Intercomparisons of observations made among nearby aircraft agree to better than 0.2 g kg(-1). The combined results suggest that the WVSS measurements are at least as accurate as water vapor observations from high-quality raobs. Information regarding observed spatial and temporal moisture variability could be important in optimizing the use of these observations in future mesoscale assimilation systems. Forecasts of disruptive weather events made by NWS and airline forecasters demonstrate the benefits obtained from combined temperature/moisture/wind profiles acquired during aircraft ascents and descents. Finally, initial NWP impact studies show that WVSS reports that include moisture obtained throughout the day have greater influence than twice-daily raob humidity data on contiguous U.S. (CONUS) forecasts for 24 h and beyond. C1 [Petersen, Ralph Alvin; Cronce, Lee] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mamrosh, Richard] Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Green Bay, WI USA. [Baker, Randy] United Parcel Serv, Louisville, KY USA. [Pauley, Patricia] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Petersen, RA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ralph.petersen@ssec.wisc.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 97 IS 11 BP 2117 EP 2133 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00211.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EG1YY UT WOS:000390831500011 ER PT J AU Wolff, JK Harrold, M Hertneky, T Aligo, E Carley, JR Ferrier, B Dimego, G Nance, L Kuo, YH AF Wolff, Jamie K. Harrold, Michelle Hertneky, Tracy Aligo, Eric Carley, Jacob R. Ferrier, Brad Dimego, Geoff Nance, Louisa Kuo, Ying-Hwa TI MESOSCALE MODEL EVALUATION TESTBED (MMET) A Resource for Transitioning NWP Innovations from Research to Operations (R2O) SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; BULK MICROPHYSICS; COORDINATE MODEL; SURFACE WIND; WRF MODEL; PRECIPITATION; FORECASTS; PREDICTION; SCHEMES; WEATHER AB A wide range of numerical weather prediction (NWP) innovations are under development in the research community that have the potential to positively impact operational models. The Developmental Test tied Center (DTC) helps facilitate the transition of these innovations from research to operations (R2O). With the large number of innovations available in the research community, it is critical to clearly define a testing protocol to streamline the R2O process. The DTC has defined such a process that relies on shared responsibilities of the researchers, the DTC, and operational centers to test promising new NWP advancements. As part of the first stage of this process, the DTC instituted the mesoscale model evaluation testbed (MMET), which established a common testing framework to assist the research community in demonstrating the merits of developments. The ability to compare performance across innovations for critical cases provides a mechanism for selecting the most promising capabilities for further testing. If the researcher demonstrates improved results using MMET, then the innovation may be considered for the second stage of comprehensive testing and evaluation (T&E) prior to entering the final stage of preimplementation T&E. MMET provides initialization and observation datasets for several case studies and multiday periods. In addition, the DTC provides baseline results for select operational configurations that use the Advanced Research version of Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW) or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Modeling System Nonhydrostatic Multi scale Model on the B grid (NEMS-NMMB). These baselines can be used for testing sensitivities to different model versions or configurations in order to improve forecast performance. C1 [Wolff, Jamie K.; Harrold, Michelle; Hertneky, Tracy; Nance, Louisa; Kuo, Ying-Hwa] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wolff, Jamie K.; Harrold, Michelle; Hertneky, Tracy; Nance, Louisa; Kuo, Ying-Hwa] Dev Testbed Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Aligo, Eric; Carley, Jacob R.; Ferrier, Brad] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Aligo, Eric; Carley, Jacob R.; Ferrier, Brad] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Aligo, Eric; Carley, Jacob R.; Ferrier, Brad] DiMego Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Wolff, JK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM jwolff@ucar.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); U.S. Air Force; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); National Science Foundation (NSF) FX The authors express gratitude to Cliff Mass (University of Washington) for his assistance with establishing the preliminary foundation of transitioning NWP technologies through the R2O process in the testing protocol document. We would like to sincerely thank Pedro Jimenez (NCAR/RAL), Gary Lackmann (North Carolina State University), Kelly Mahoney (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences), and Anthony Torres (Significant Opportunity in Atmospheric Research and Science protege) for using MMET and providing valuable feedback on how to improve the information provided to the NWP community. The T&E activity described in the R2O example provided here would not have been possible without Greg Thompson and his work to include his microphysics scheme in NEMS-NMMB. We extend gratitude to Cody Phillips and Tara Jensen for their contributions to the MMET facility along the way. We appreciate Ligia Bernardet, Joshua Hacker, and Biswas Mrinal for the time they donated to provide insightful suggestions for improvement of an earlier version of this manuscript. The constructive comments from three anonymous reviewers were helpful with improving the quality of the final submission. The Developmental Testbed Center (DTC) is funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Air Force, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), and the National Science Foundation (NSF). NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 97 IS 11 BP 2135 EP 2147 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00001.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EG1YY UT WOS:000390831500012 ER PT J AU Ingleby, B Pauley, P Kats, A Ator, J Keyser, D Doerenbecher, A Fucile, E Hasegawa, J Toyoda, E Kleinert, T Qu, WQ James, JS Tennant, W Weedon, R AF Ingleby, Bruce Pauley, Patricia Kats, Alexander Ator, Jeff Keyser, Dennis Doerenbecher, Alexis Fucile, Enrico Hasegawa, Jitsuko Toyoda, Eizi Kleinert, Tanja Qu, Weiqing James, Judy St. Tennant, Warren Weedon, Richard TI PROGRESS TOWARD HIGH-RESOLUTION, REAL-TIME RADIOSONDE REPORTS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; RADIATION DRY BIAS; BALLOON DRIFT; QUALITY AB Some real-time radiosonde reports are now available with higher vertical resolution and higher precision than the alphanumeric TEMP code. There are also extra metadata; for example, the software version may indicate whether humidity corrections have been applied at the station. Numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers and other users need to start using the new Binary Universal Form for Representation of Meteorological Data (BUFR) reports because the alphanumeric codes are being withdrawn. TEMP code has various restrictions and complexities introduced when telecommunication speed and costs were overriding concerns; one consequence is minor temperature rounding errors. In some ways BUFR reports are simpler: the whole ascent should be contained in a single report. BUFR reports can also include the time and location of each level; an ascent takes about 2 h and the balloon can drift 100 km or more laterally. This modernization is the largest and most complex change to the worldwide reporting of radiosonde observations for many years; international implementation is taking longer than planned and is very uneven. The change brings both opportunities and challenges. The biggest challenge is that the number and quality of the data from radiosonde ascents may suffer if the assessment of the BUFR reports and two-way communication between data producers and data users are not given the priority they require. It is possible that some countries will only attempt to replicate the old reports in the new format, not taking advantage of the benefits, which include easier treatment of radiosonde drift and a better understanding of instrument and processing details, as well as higher resolution. C1 [Ingleby, Bruce; Fucile, Enrico] ECMWF, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Ingleby, Bruce; Tennant, Warren; Weedon, Richard] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Pauley, Patricia] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Kats, Alexander] Cent Aerol Observ Roshydromet, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia. [Ator, Jeff; Keyser, Dennis] NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. [Doerenbecher, Alexis] Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Hasegawa, Jitsuko; Toyoda, Eizi] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Kleinert, Tanja] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. [Qu, Weiqing] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [James, Judy St.] Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ, Canada. RP Ingleby, B (reprint author), ECMWF, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. EM bruce.ingleby@ecmwf.int NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 97 IS 11 BP 2149 EP 2161 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00169.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EG1YY UT WOS:000390831500013 ER PT J AU Kwon, EY Kim, YH Park, YG Park, YH Dunne, J Chang, KI AF Kwon, Eun Young Kim, Young Ho Park, Young-Gyu Park, Young-Hyang Dunne, John Chang, Kyung-Il TI Multidecadal wind-driven shifts in northwest Pacific temperature, salinity, O-2, and PO4 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE O-2 and nutrient variability; temperature and salinity variability; gyre circulation; wind variability; North Pacific; high-resolution climate model ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; APPARENT OXYGEN UTILIZATION; DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; UPPER OCEAN 1950-95; DECADAL VARIABILITY; MESOSCALE EDDIES; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PART II AB The North Pacific gyre boundaries are characterized by stark contrasts in physical and biogeochemical properties. Meridional movement of gyre boundaries, influenced by climate change, can therefore exert a large influence not only on marine ecosystems but also on climate. We examine the evidence for wind-driven southward shifts in subsurface temperature, salinity, PO4, and O-2 within the northwest Pacific from the 1950s to the 2000s. Gyre boundary shifts can explain 30-60% of temperature and salinity trends zonally averaged in the northwest Pacific and observed PO4 and O-2 trends along the 137 degrees E and 144 degrees E meridians. The close tie between the wind-driven shifts in gyre boundaries and the tracer distributions is further supported by results from an eddy-resolving (0.1 degrees x0.1 degrees) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory climate model, suggesting that the physical and biogeochemical properties averaged within the northwest Pacific gyre boundaries closely follow the latitude changes of the zero Sverdrup stream function with lags of 0 to 3years. The gyre shift effect on tracer distribution is poorly represented in a coarse resolution (1 degrees x1 degrees) model due partly to poor representations of fronts and eddies. This study suggests that future changes in northwest Pacific PO4 and O-2 content may depend not only on ocean temperature and stratification but also on the ocean gyre response to winds. C1 [Kwon, Eun Young; Chang, Kyung-Il] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Oceanog, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, Young Ho; Park, Young-Gyu] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Phys Oceanog Div, Ansan, South Korea. [Park, Young-Hyang] Univ Pierre Marie Curie, LOCEAN, UMR 7159, CNRS,UPMC,MNHN,IRD, Paris, France. [Dunne, John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Kwon, EY (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Oceanog, Seoul, South Korea. EM eykwon76@gmail.com FU National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2013R1A1A1058203, NRF-2009-C1AAA001-2009-0093]; "East Asian Seas Time series-I (EAST-I)" award from the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, South Korea; Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries FX We thank Jorge Sarmiento, Adele Morrison, Seong-Joong Kim, and Min-Ho Kwon for helping improve the manuscript. The World Ocean Database was obtained from https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOD13/. The Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) outputs along with 20CRv2 wind stress data were obtained from http://www.atmos.umd.edu/similar to ocean/. The EN4 objectively analyzed monthly mean temperature and salinity data set was obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/en4/. The climatological means as well as the decadal mean fields are obtained from https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html. E.Y. Kwon acknowledges NRF-2013R1A1A1058203 award from the National Research Foundation of Korea and "East Asian Seas Time series-I (EAST-I)" award from the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, South Korea. Y.H. Kim is supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant NRF-2009-C1AAA001-2009-0093). Y.-G. Park is funded by the project entitled "Development of a satellite based ocean carbon flux model for seas around Korea" from the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD NOV PY 2016 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1599 EP 1619 DI 10.1002/2016GB005442 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EG1SK UT WOS:000390812300003 ER PT J AU Peters, BD Babbin, AR Lettmann, KA Mordy, CW Ulloa, O Ward, BB Casciotti, KL AF Peters, Brian D. Babbin, Andrew R. Lettmann, Karsten A. Mordy, Calvin W. Ulloa, Osvaldo Ward, Bess B. Casciotti, Karen L. TI Vertical modeling of the nitrogen cycle in the eastern tropical South Pacific oxygen deficient zone using high-resolution concentration and isotope measurements SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; isotopes; oxygen deficient zones; denitrification; anammox; modeling ID ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; SECONDARY NITRITE MAXIMUM; MINIMUM ZONE; NORTH PACIFIC; UPWELLING SYSTEM; FRESH-WATER; EL-NINO; DENITRIFIER METHOD; EDDY DIFFUSIVITY; ARABIAN SEA AB Marine oxygen deficient zones (ODZs) have long been identified as sites of fixed nitrogen (N) loss. However, the mechanisms and rates of N loss have been debated, and traditional methods for measuring these rates are labor-intensive and may miss hot spots in spatially and temporally variable environments. Here we estimate rates of heterotrophic nitrate reduction, heterotrophic nitrite reduction (denitrification), nitrite oxidation, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) at a coastal site in the eastern tropical South Pacific (ETSP) ODZ based on high-resolution concentration and natural abundance stable isotope measurements of nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-). These measurements were used to estimate process rates using a two-step inverse modeling approach. The modeled rates were sensitive to assumed isotope effects for NO3- reduction and NO2- oxidation. Nevertheless, we addressed two questions surrounding the fates of NO2- in the ODZ: (1) Is NO2- being primarily reduced to N-2 or oxidized to NO3- in the ODZ? and (2) what are the contributions of anammox and denitrification to NO2- removal? Depth-integrated rates from the model suggest that 72-88% of the NO2- produced in the ODZ was oxidized back to NO3-, while 12-28% of NO2- was reduced to N-2. Furthermore, our model suggested that 36-74% of NO2- loss was due to anammox, with the remainder due to denitrification. These model results generally agreed with previously measured rates, though with a large range of uncertainty, and they provide a long-term integrated view that compliments incubation experiments to obtain a broader picture of N cycling in ODZs. C1 [Peters, Brian D.; Casciotti, Karen L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Babbin, Andrew R.; Ward, Bess B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Babbin, Andrew R.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lettmann, Karsten A.] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Chem & Biol Sea, Oldenburg, Germany. [Mordy, Calvin W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mordy, Calvin W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ulloa, Osvaldo] Univ Concepcion, Dept Oceanog, Concepcion, Chile. [Ulloa, Osvaldo] Univ Concepcion, Inst Milenio Oceanog, Concepcion, Chile. RP Peters, BD; Casciotti, KL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM bpeters1@stanford.edu; kcasciotti@stanford.edu RI Ulloa, Osvaldo/E-1821-2011 OI Ulloa, Osvaldo/0000-0002-9501-5576 FU NSF [OCE 1140404, OCE 1233425]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; Millennium Scientific Initiative [IC 120019]; Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research, CONICYT [Fondecyt 1130784] FX We greatly thank chief scientists Alan Devol and Bess Ward for the opportunity to participate in the ETSP 2013 cruise, as well as the captain and crew of the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer for their assistance. We also thank Gadiel Alarcon for his help with the pump cast, Bonnie Chang for her help with the pump cast and helpful discussions on the biogeochemical model, and Rolf Sonnerup for his help in confirming omega and Dz estimates from the T and S profiles. This work was supported by NSF grants OCE 1140404 to K.L.C. and OCE 1233425 to C.W.M. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148 and is contribution 2436 to JISAO and contribution 4338 to NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. O.U. is supported by the Millennium Scientific Initiative (grant IC 120019) and the Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research, CONICYT (grant Fondecyt 1130784). These data are publicly available by accessing the Stanford Digital Repository (http://purl.stanford.edu/bc662wj4121). NR 99 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 17 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD NOV PY 2016 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1661 EP 1681 DI 10.1002/2016GB005415 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EG1SK UT WOS:000390812300006 ER PT J AU Wiggins, EB Veraverbeke, S Henderson, JM Karion, A Miller, JB Lindaas, J Commane, R Sweeney, C Luus, KA Tosca, MG Dinardo, SJ Wofsy, S Miller, CE Randerson, JT AF Wiggins, E. B. Veraverbeke, S. Henderson, J. M. Karion, A. Miller, J. B. Lindaas, J. Commane, R. Sweeney, C. Luus, K. A. Tosca, M. G. Dinardo, S. J. Wofsy, S. Miller, C. E. Randerson, J. T. TI The influence of daily meteorology on boreal fire emissions and regional trace gas variability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE); fuel consumption; biomass burning; climate-carbon feedback ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; FOREST-FIRE; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; CARBON EMISSIONS; RADIATIVE POWER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BURNED AREA; FUTURE FIRE; SUB-ALPINE; HUMID AIR AB Relationships between boreal wildfire emissions and day-to-day variations in meteorological variables are complex and have important implications for the sensitivity of high-latitude ecosystems to climate change. We examined the influence of environmental conditions on boreal fire emissions and fire contributions to regional trace gas variability in interior Alaska during the summer of 2013 using two types of analysis. First, we quantified the degree to which meteorological and fire weather indices explained regional variability in fire activity using four different products, including active fires, fire radiative power, burned area, and carbon emissions. Second, we combined daily emissions from the Alaskan Fire Emissions Database (AKFED) with the coupled Polar Weather Research and Forecasting/Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model to estimate fire contributions to trace gas concentration measurements at the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment-NOAA Global Monitoring Division (CRV) tower in interior Alaska. Tower observations during two high fire periods were used to estimate CO and CH4 emission factors. We found that vapor pressure deficit and temperature had a level of performance similar to more complex fire weather indices. Emission factors derived from CRV tower measurements were 13425gCO per kg of combusted biomass and 7.741.06gCH(4) per kg of combusted biomass. Predicted daily CO mole fractions from AKFED emissions were moderately correlated with CRV observations (r=0.68) and had a high bias. The modeling system developed here allows for attribution of emission factors to individual fires and has the potential to improve our understanding of regional CO, CH4, and CO2 budgets. C1 [Wiggins, E. B.; Veraverbeke, S.; Randerson, J. T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Veraverbeke, S.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Henderson, J. M.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Karion, A.; Miller, J. B.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Karion, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lindaas, J.; Commane, R.; Wofsy, S.] Harvard, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Luus, K. A.] Dublin Inst Technol, Ctr Appl Data Analyt, Dublin, Ireland. [Tosca, M. G.; Dinardo, S. J.; Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Wiggins, EB (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM wigginse@uci.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. National Science Foundation [NSF 2013172241] FX The research described in this paper was performed for the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), an Earth Ventures (EV-S1) investigation, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. E.B.W. thanks the U.S. National Science Foundation for a Graduate Research Fellowship (NSF 2013172241). Computing resources for this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. The meteorological data used in this study are publicly available found online from the National Climatic Data Center (http://www7.ncdc.noaa.gov/CDO/cdopoemain.cmd). The CRV tower observations used in our analysis are archived at the U.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center for Biogeochemical Dynamics (http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1316). The MISR data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center and can be acquired online using the MISR Order and Customization Tool (http://l0dup05.larc.nasa.gov/MISR/cgi-bin/MISR/main.cgi). NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 121 IS 11 BP 2793 EP 2810 DI 10.1002/2016JG003434 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA EF9YD UT WOS:000390686500002 ER PT J AU Black, PE Bojanova, I AF Black, Paul E. Bojanova, Irena TI Defeating Buffer Overflow A Trivial but Dangerous Bug SO IT PROFESSIONAL LA English DT Article C1 [Black, Paul E.; Bojanova, Irena] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Black, PE (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.black@nist.gov; irena.bojanova@computer.org NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1520-9202 EI 1941-045X J9 IT PROF JI IT Prof. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 18 IS 6 BP 58 EP 61 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA EF6HI UT WOS:000390431300009 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Lin, CH Matsuo, T Chen, WH AF Chen, C. H. Lin, C. H. Matsuo, T. Chen, W. H. TI Ionosphere data assimilation modeling of 2015 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CONTENT; FIELDS AB The ionospheric plasma disturbances during a severe storm can affect human activities and systems, such as navigation and HF communication systems. Therefore, the forecast of ionospheric electron density is becoming an important topic recently. This study is conducted with the ionospheric assimilation model by assimilating the total electron content observations into the thermosphere-ionosphere coupling model with different high-latitude ionospheric convection models, Heelis and Weimer, and further to forecast the variations of ionospheric electron density during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm. The forecast capabilities of these two assimilation models are evaluated by the root-mean-square error values in different regions to discuss its latitudinal effects. Results show the better forecast in the electron density at the low-latitude region during the storm main phase and the recovery phase. The well reproduced eastward electric field at the low-latitude region by the assimilation model reveals that the electric fields may be an important factor to have the contributions on the accuracy of ionospheric forecast. C1 [Chen, C. H.; Lin, C. H.; Chen, W. H.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, Taiwan. [Matsuo, T.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matsuo, T.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lin, CH (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, Taiwan. EM charles@mail.ncku.edu.tw OI Lin, Charles C. H./0000-0001-8955-8753 FU Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST); National Space Organization (NSPO) of Taiwan [MOST-105-2111-M-006-003, MOST-105-2111-M-006-008, MOST-103-2923-M-006-002-MY3, NSPO-S-105120]; NASA [NNX14AI17G]; AFOSR [FA9550-13-1-0058] FX This paper is supported by Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and National Space Organization (NSPO) of Taiwan to National Cheng Kung University under MOST-105-2111-M-006-003, MOST-105-2111-M-006-008, MOST-103-2923-M-006-002-MY3, and NSPO-S-105120. T.M. is supported by NASA award NNX14AI17G and AFOSR award FA9550-13-1-0058. The source code for the assimilation system and simulation model used in this study, the DART and TIE-GCM, is available at http://www.image.ucar.edu/DAReS/DART/ and http://www.hao.ucar.edu/modeling/tgcm/, respectively. The observations data from ground-based GPS receivers are available at IGS (https://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/components/data.html). The authors are grateful for the NCAR High Altitude Observatory and Data Assimilation Research Section for their support of TIE-GCM and DART software. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 121 IS 11 BP 11549 EP 11559 DI 10.1002/2016JA023346 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EF5XO UT WOS:000390403400060 ER PT J AU Kingsmill, DE Neiman, PJ White, AB AF Kingsmill, David E. Neiman, Paul J. White, Allen B. TI Microphysics Regime Impacts on the Relationship between Orographic Rain and Orographic Forcing in the Coastal Mountains of Northern California SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; RADAR; CALJET; ALGORITHM; BAND AB This study examines the impact of microphysics regime on the relationship between orographic forcing and orographic rain in the coastal mountains of Northern California using >4000 h of data from profiling Doppler radars, rain gauges, and a GPS receiver collected over 10 cool seasons. Orographic forcing is documented by hourly upslope flow, integrated water vapor (IWV), and IWV flux observed along the coast at Bodega Bay (BBY; 15 m MSL). Microphysics regime is inferred in the coastal mountains at Cazadero (CZC; 478 m MSL), where hourly periods of brightband (BB) and nonbrightband (NBB) rain are designated. BB rain is associated with a microphysics regime dominated by the seeder feeder process while NBB rain is associated with a microphysics regime dominated by the warm-rain process. Mean BBY upslope flow, IWV, and IWV flux are similar to 16%, similar to 5%, and similar to 19% larger, respectively, for NBB rain compared to BB rain, while mean CZC rain rate is similar to 33% larger for BB rain compared to NBB rain. The orographic enhancement ratio of CZC to BBY rain rate is 3.7 during NBB rain and 2.7 during BB rain. Rain rate at CZC increases as orographic forcing at BBY increases. For a given amount of BBY orographic forcing, mean CZC rain rates are larger for BB rain compared to NBB rain. Correlation coefficients associated with the relationship between CZC rain rate and BBY orographic forcing are smaller for NBB rain relative to BB rain, but these differences are not statistically significant. C1 [Kingsmill, David E.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, UCB 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neiman, Paul J.; White, Allen B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kingsmill, DE (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, UCB 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM david.kingsmill@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1144271] FX The authors thank the NOAA/ESRL observing systems team for deploying and operating the instrumentation whose data were employed in this study. Tim Coleman of CIRES/ESRL processed and quality controlled the wind profiler, GPS-IWV, surface meteorology, and rain gauge data. We appreciate the comments and suggestions of Dave Reynolds of CIRES/ESRL and two anonymous reviewers on earlier versions of this manuscript. This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1144271 and supported the efforts of David Kingsmill. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2905 EP 2922 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-16-0103.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EF1IZ UT WOS:000390079800011 ER PT J AU Twiner, MJ Doucette, GJ Pang, YC Fang, C Forsyth, CJ Miles, CO AF Twiner, Michael J. Doucette, Gregory J. Pang, Yucheng Fang, Chao Forsyth, Craig J. Miles, Christopher O. TI Structure-Activity Relationship Studies Using Natural and Synthetic Okadaic Acid/Dinophysistoxin Toxins SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Article DE cytotoxicity; diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP); dinophysistoxin (DTX); harmful algal bloom (HAB); okadaic acid (OA); protein phosphatase (PP); structure-activity relationship (SAR) ID PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE INHIBITOR; DIARRHETIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; SERINE/THREONINE PHOSPHATASE; ACID; DINOPHYSISTOXIN-2; DOMAIN; ASSAY; WASHINGTON; TOXICITY; BINDING AB Okadaic acid (OA) and the closely related dinophysistoxins (DTXs) are algal toxins that accumulate in shellfish and are known serine/threonine protein phosphatase (ser/thr PP) inhibitors. Phosphatases are important modulators of enzyme activity and cell signaling pathways. However, the interactions between the OA/DTX toxins and phosphatases are not fully understood. This study sought to identify phosphatase targets and characterize their structure-activity relationships (SAR) with these algal toxins using a combination of phosphatase activity and cytotoxicity assays. Preliminary screening of 21 human and yeast phosphatases indicated that only three ser/thr PPs (PP2a, PP1, PP5) were inhibited by physiologically saturating concentrations of DTX2 (200 nM). SAR studies employed naturally-isolated OA, DTX1, and DTX2, which vary in degree and/or position of methylation, in addition to synthetic 2-epi-DTX2. OA/DTX analogs induced cytotoxicity and inhibited PP activity with a relatively conserved order of potency: OA = DTX1 DTX2 >> 2-epi-DTX. The PPs were also differentially inhibited with sensitivities of PP2a > PP5 > PP1. These findings demonstrate that small variations in OA/DTX toxin structures, particularly at the head region (i.e., C1/C2), result in significant changes in toxicological potency, whereas changes in methylation at C31 and C35 (tail region) only mildly affect potency. In addition to this being the first study to extensively test OA/DTX analogs' activities towards PP5, these data will be helpful for accurately determining toxic equivalence factors (TEFs), facilitating molecular modeling efforts, and developing highly selective phosphatase inhibitors. C1 [Twiner, Michael J.] Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Twiner, Michael J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. [Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Pang, Yucheng; Fang, Chao; Forsyth, Craig J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43220 USA. [Miles, Christopher O.] Norwegian Vet Inst, Sect Chem & Toxicol, N-0454 Oslo, Norway. RP Twiner, MJ (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.; Twiner, MJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. EM mtwiner@med.wayne.edu; greg.doucette@noaa.gov; yucheng.pang@bioduro.com; chaofangphd@yahoo.com; forsyth@chemistry.ohio-state.edu; chris.miles@vetinst.no FU University of Michigan-Dearborn Office of Research and Sponsored Programs; Department of Natural Sciences; Ohio State University; NOAA's National Ocean Service; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship (COM) within the seventh European Community Framework Programme [221117] FX This work was supported by the University of Michigan-Dearborn Office of Research and Sponsored Programs and the Department of Natural Sciences (MJT), The Ohio State University (CJF), NOAA's National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (GJD), and a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship (COM) within the seventh European Community Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 221117. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD NOV PY 2016 VL 14 IS 11 AR UNSP 207 DI 10.3390/md14110207 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA EF1PT UT WOS:000390097800014 ER PT J AU Liu, ML Zhu, HF Zhang, YX Xue, CH Ouyang, J AF Liu, Menglin Zhu, Hanfei Zhang, Yunxiang Xue, Caihong Ouyang, Jun TI Energy Storage Characteristics of BiFeO3/BaTiO3 Bi-Layers Integrated on Si SO MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectrics; lead-free; energy storage; bilayer; BiFeO3; BaTiO3; Si ID BIFEO3 THIN-FILMS; FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS; POLARIZATION; CAPACITORS; THICKNESS AB BiFeO3/BaTiO3 bi-layer thick films (similar to 1 mu m) were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/(100) Si substrates with LaNiO3 buffer layers at 500 degrees C via a rf magnetron sputtering process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that both BiFeO3 and BaTiO3 layers have a (00l) preferred orientation. The films showed a small remnant polarization (P-r similar to 7.8 mu C/cm(2)) and a large saturated polarization (Ps similar to 65 mu C/cm(2)), resulting in a slim polarization-electric field (P-E) hysteresis loop with improved energy storage characteristics (W-c = 71 J/cm(3), eta = 61%). The successful "slim-down" of the P-E loop from that of the pure BiFeO3 film can be attributed to the competing effects of space charges and the interlayer charge coupling on charge transport of the bi-layer film. The accompanying electrical properties of the bi-layer films were measured and the results confirmed their good quality. C1 [Liu, Menglin; Zhu, Hanfei; Zhang, Yunxiang; Xue, Caihong; Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China. [Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Suzhou Inst, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China. [Ouyang, Jun] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ouyang, J (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China.; Ouyang, J (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Suzhou Inst, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China.; Ouyang, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liumenglinnadou@163.com; hfzhu1986@163.com; zhangyunxiangls@163.com; chxueaj@163.com; ouyangjun@sdu.edu.cn OI Ouyang, Jun/0000-0003-2446-2958 FU Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry); Nano Projects of Soochow City [ZXG201445]; Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University [2015JC034, 2015YQ009]; Shandong University; Material Measurement Laboratory of NIST, Gaithersburg, MD (USA) FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry), Nano Projects of Soochow City (Grant No. ZXG201445), the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (Grant No. 2015JC034, 2015YQ009). J.O. would also like to thank the "Qi-Lu Young Scholar Fund" of Shandong University and the support from the Material Measurement Laboratory of NIST, Gaithersburg, MD (USA). NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD NOV PY 2016 VL 9 IS 11 AR 935 DI 10.3390/ma9110935 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA EF1VY UT WOS:000390114400021 ER PT J AU Jones, ACL Pineiro, AM Roeder, EE Rutbeck-Goldman, HJ Tom, HWK Mills, AP AF Jones, A. C. L. Pineiro, A. M. Roeder, E. E. Rutbeck-Goldman, H. J. Tom, H. W. K. Mills, A. P., Jr. TI Large-area field-ionization detector for the study of Rydberg atoms SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUN 05-09, 2016 CL Madison, WI ID SLOW POSITRONS; ELECTRON; STATES; ACCUMULATOR; SURFACE; METALS AB We describe here the development and characterization of a micro-channel plate (MCP) based detector designed for the efficient collection and detection of Rydberg positronium (Ps) atoms for use in a time-of-flight apparatus. The designed detector collects Rydberg atoms over a large area (similar to 4 times greater than the active area of the MCP), ionizing incident atoms and then collecting and focusing the freed positrons onto the MCP. Here we discuss the function, design, and optimization of the device. The detector has an efficiency for Rydberg Ps that is two times larger than that of the gamma-ray scintillation detector based scheme it has been designed to replace, with half the background signal. In principle, detectors of the type described here could be readily employed for the detection of any Rydberg atom species, provided a sufficient field can be applied to achieve an ionization rate of >= 10(8)/s. In such cases, the best time resolution would be achieved by collecting ionized electrons rather than the positive ions. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Jones, A. C. L.; Pineiro, A. M.; Roeder, E. E.; Rutbeck-Goldman, H. J.; Tom, H. W. K.; Mills, A. P., Jr.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Pineiro, A. M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pineiro, A. M.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jones, ACL (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM adric.jones@ucr.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 87 IS 11 AR 113307 DI 10.1063/1.4967305 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EF3RO UT WOS:000390242300335 PM 27910370 ER PT J AU Nowakowski, BK Smith, DT Smith, ST AF Nowakowski, B. K. Smith, D. T. Smith, S. T. TI Highly compact fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer: A new instrument design SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUN 05-09, 2016 CL Madison, WI ID LASER; DIODE AB This paper presents the design, construction, and characterization of a new optical-fiber-based, low-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometer with a simple cavity formed by two reflecting surfaces (the end of a cleaved optical fiber and a plane, reflecting counter-surface), for the continuous measurement of displacements of several nanometers to several tens of millimeters. No beam collimation or focusing optics are required, resulting in a displacement sensor that is extremely compact (optical fiber diameter 125 mu m), is surprisingly tolerant of misalignment (more than 5 degrees), and can be used over a very wide range of temperatures and environmental conditions, including ultra-high-vacuum. The displacement measurement is derived from interferometric phase measurements using an infrared laser source whose wavelength is modulated sinusoidally at a frequency f. The phase signal is in turn derived from changes in the amplitudes of demodulated signals, at both the modulation frequency, f, and its harmonic at 2f, coming from a photodetector that is monitoring light intensity reflected back from the cavity as the cavity length changes. Simple quadrature detection results in phase errors corresponding to displacement errors of up to 25 nm, but by using compensation algorithms discussed in this paper, these inherent non-linearities can be reduced to below 3 nm. In addition, wavelength sweep capability enables measurement of the absolute surface separation. This experimental design creates a unique set of displacement measuring capabilities not previously combined in a single interferometer. C1 [Nowakowski, B. K.; Smith, D. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, S. T.] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Nowakowski, BK (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 87 IS 11 AR 115102 DI 10.1063/1.4964622 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EF3RO UT WOS:000390242300378 PM 27910304 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Hudson, LT Henins, A Feldman, U AF Seely, J. F. Hudson, L. T. Henins, Albert Feldman, U. TI High resolution spectrometer for extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements in the 6 keV to 15 keV energy range SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUN 05-09, 2016 CL Madison, WI ID SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSMISSION; SPECTRA AB A Cauchois transmission-crystal spectrometer has been developed with high crystal resolving power in the 6 keV-15 keV energy range and sufficient sensitivity to record single-shot spectra from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Titan laser and other comparable or more energetic lasers. The spectrometer capabilities were tested by recording the W L transitions from a laboratory source and the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectrum through a Cu foil. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Seely, J. F.; Feldman, U.] Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Springs Court, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Hudson, L. T.; Henins, Albert] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Springs Court, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. EM seelyjf@gmail.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 87 IS 11 AR 11E305 DI 10.1063/1.4959918 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EF3RO UT WOS:000390242300173 PM 27910617 ER PT J AU Moczko, AT Carino, NJ Petersen, CG AF Moczko, Andrzej T. Carino, Nicholas J. Petersen, Claus Germann TI CAPO-TEST to Estimate Concrete Strength in Bridges SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CAPO-TEST; carbonation; core strength; correlation; existing structures; in-place strength; pullout test AB This paper addresses whether carbonation in existing concrete structures affects the compressive strength estimated using the CAPO-TEST, a post-installed, pullout test conforming to ASTM C900 and EN 12504-3. Fifteen bridges, ranging from 25 to 52 years of age at the time of testing, were investigated. For each bridge, average values of core strengths and CAPO pullout strengths were obtained. Carbonation depth, which varied from 2 to 35 mm (0.08 to 1.4 in.), was measured using chemical staining methods. It was anticipated that, as the depth of carbonation increased, the pullout strength would increase for the same underlying concrete strength. Thus, the in-place compressive strength estimated on the basis of the manufacturer's general correlation would be expected to systematically exceed the strength measured by the cores. It was found that, on average, the compressive strength estimated from the CAPO-TEST and the general correlation was only 2.8% greater than the measured core strength. More importantly, there was no correlation between depth of carbonation and the relative error of the estimated strength based on the CAPO-TEST. C1 [Moczko, Andrzej T.] Wroclaw Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn, Wroclaw, Poland. [Carino, Nicholas J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Petersen, Claus Germann] Germann Instruments AS, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Moczko, AT (reprint author), Wroclaw Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn, Wroclaw, Poland. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 COUNTRY CLUB DR, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48331 USA SN 0889-325X EI 1944-737X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 113 IS 6 BP 827 EP 836 DI 10.14359/51689242 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA EE6CH UT WOS:000389695800013 ER PT J AU Diegoli, TM Rohde, H Borowski, S Krawczak, M Coble, MD Nothnagel, M AF Diegoli, Toni Marie Rohde, Heinrich Borowski, Stefan Krawczak, Michael Coble, Michael D. Nothnagel, Michael TI Genetic mapping of 15 human X chromosomal forensic short tandem repeat (STR) loci by means of multi-core parallelization SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE X chromosome; Genetic linkage; Genetic mapping; Short tandem repeat; Forensic analysis; High performance computing ID POPULATION-DATA; PCR SYSTEM; MARKERS; REGION; RECOMBINATION; LINKAGE; ASSAY AB Typing of X chromosomal short tandem repeat (X STR) markers has become a standard element of human forensic genetic analysis. Joint consideration of many X STR markers at a time increases their discriminatory power but, owing to physical linkage, requires inter-marker recombination rates to be accurately known. We estimated the recombination rates between 15 well established X STR markers using genotype data from 158 families (1041 individuals) and following a previously proposed likelihoodbased approach that allows for single-step mutations. To meet the computational requirements of this family-based type of analysis, we modified a previous implementation so as to allow multi-core parallelization on a high-performance computing system. While we obtained recombination rate estimates larger than zero for all but one pair of adjacent markers within the four previously proposed linkage groups, none of the three X STR pairs defining the junctions of these groups yielded a recombination rate estimate of 0.50. Corroborating previous studies, our results therefore argue against a simple model of independent X chromosomal linkage groups. Moreover, the refined recombination fraction estimates obtained in our study will facilitate the appropriate joint consideration of all 15 investigated markers in forensic analysis. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Diegoli, Toni Marie] Def Forens Sci Ctr, Ft Gillem, GA USA. [Diegoli, Toni Marie] Analyt Serv Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Rohde, Heinrich; Nothnagel, Michael] Univ Cologne, Cologne Ctr Genom, Cologne, Germany. [Borowski, Stefan] Univ Cologne, Reg Comp Ctr, Cologne, Germany. [Krawczak, Michael] Univ Kiel, Inst Med Informat & Stat, Kiel, Germany. [Coble, Michael D.] NIST, Appl Genet Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nothnagel, M (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Cologne Ctr Genom, Dept Stat Genet & Bioinformat, Weyertal 115b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. EM michael.nothnagel@uni-koeln.de RI Krawczak, Michael/A-8964-2010 OI Krawczak, Michael/0000-0003-2603-1502 FU National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice [2011-DN-BX-K401]; National Institute of Justice; DFG FX The authors thank Minh Nguyen, Chad Ernst, and the National Institute of Justice for grant support and management; Dr. Peter Vallone, Dr. John Butler, Erica Butts, Dr. Moses Schanfield, and Patty Czarnecki for assistance with sample extracts and the provision of associated quantification data; Jessica Saunier for bioinformatics assistance; and Col. Louis Finelli, James Canik, Dr. Timothy McMahon, Cynthia Thomas, the Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, and the American Registry of Pathology for logistical and administrative support. We also thank the Regional Computing Center of the University of Cologne (RRZK) for computing time on the DFG-funded High Performance Computing (HPC) system CHEOPS. This project was supported in part by Award No. 2011-DN-BX-K401 by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice to TMD and MDC. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials (or suppliers, or software) are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting those of the Department of Justice, Department of Commerce, Department of the Army, or Department of Defense. None of the funding organizations had any influence on the design, conduct or conclusions of the study. The authors declare no competing financial interests. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 25 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.07.004 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA EE3YX UT WOS:000389539600017 PM 27497644 ER PT J AU Della Manna, A Nye, JV Carney, C Hammons, JS Mann, M Al Shamali, F Vallone, PM Romsos, EL Marne, BA Tan, E Turingan, RS Hogan, C Selden, RF French, JL AF Della Manna, Angelo Nye, Jeffrey V. Carney, Christopher Hammons, Jennifer S. Mann, Michael Al Shamali, Farida Vallone, Peter M. Romsos, Erica L. Marne, Beth Ann Tan, Eugene Turingan, Rosemary S. Hogan, Catherine Selden, Richard F. French, Julie L. TI Developmental validation of the DNAscan (TM) Rapid DNA Analysis (TM) instrument and expert system for reference sample processing SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Rapid DNA analysis; Developmental validation; Buccal swabs; Short tandem repeat; CODIS AB Since the implementation of forensic DNA typing in labs more than 20 years ago, the analysis procedures and data interpretation have always been conducted in a laboratory by highly trained and qualified scientific personnel. Rapid DNA technology has the potential to expand testing capabilities within forensic laboratories and to allow forensic STR analysis to be performed outside the physical boundaries of the traditional laboratory. The developmental validation of the DNAscan/ANDE Rapid DNA Analysis System was completed using a BioChipSet (TM) Cassette consumable designed for high DNA content samples, such as single source buccal swabs. A total of eight laboratories participated in the testing which totaled over 2300 swabs, and included nearly 1400 unique individuals. The goal of this extensive study was to obtain, document, analyze, andassess DNAscan and its internal Expert System to reliably genotype reference samples in a manner compliant with the FBI's Quality Assurance Standards (QAS) and the NDIS Operational Procedures. The DNAscan System provided high quality, concordant results for reference buccal swabs, including automated data analysis with an integrated Expert System. Seven external laboratories and NetBio, the developer of the technology, participated in the validation testing demonstrating the reproducibility and reliability of the system and its successful use in a variety of settings by numerous operators. The DNAscan System demonstrated limited cross reactivity with other species, was resilient in the presence of numerous inhibitors, and provided reproducible results for both buccal and purified DNA samples with sensitivity at a level appropriate for buccal swabs. The precision and resolution of the system met industry standards for detection of micro-variants and displayed single base resolution. PCR-based studies provided confidence that the system was robust and that the amplification reaction had been optimized to provide high quality results. The DNAscan integrated Expert System was examined as part of the Developmental Validation and successfully interpreted the over 2000 samples tested with over 99.998% concordant alleles. The system appropriately flagged samples for human review and failed both mixed samples and samples with insufficient genetic information. These results demonstrated the integrated Expert System makes correct allele calls without human intervention. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Della Manna, Angelo] Alabama Dept Forens Sci, 2026 Valleydale Rd, Hoover, AL 35244 USA. [Nye, Jeffrey V.] Michigan State Police, 7320 N Canal Rd, Lansing, MI USA. [Carney, Christopher] Florida Dept Law Enforcement DNA Invest Support D, 2331 Phillips Rd, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. [Hammons, Jennifer S.; Mann, Michael] Def Forens Sci Ctr, 4930 N 31st St,Forest Pk, Forest Pk, GA 30297 USA. [Al Shamali, Farida] Gen Dept Forens Sci Criminol, Dubai Police GHQ, POB 1493, Dubai, U Arab Emirates. [Vallone, Peter M.; Romsos, Erica L.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marne, Beth Ann] Penn State Police, Forens DNA Div, 80N Westmoreland Ave, Greensburg, PA 15601 USA. [Tan, Eugene; Turingan, Rosemary S.; Hogan, Catherine; Selden, Richard F.] NetBio, 830 Winter St, Waltham, MA USA. [French, Julie L.] GE Healthcare Life Sci, 100 Results Way, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. RP French, JL (reprint author), GE Healthcare Life Sci, 100 Results Way, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. EM Julie.French@ge.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 25 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.08.008 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA EE3YX UT WOS:000389539600028 PM 27606570 ER PT J AU Coble, MD Buckleton, J Butler, JM Egeland, T Fimmers, R Gill, P Gusmao, L Guttman, B Krawczak, M Morling, N Parson, W Pinto, N Schneider, PM Sherry, ST Willuweit, S Prinz, M AF Coble, M. D. Buckleton, J. Butler, J. M. Egeland, T. Fimmers, R. Gill, P. Gusmao, L. Guttman, B. Krawczak, M. Morling, N. Parson, W. Pinto, N. Schneider, P. M. Sherry, S. T. Willuweit, S. Prinz, M. TI DNA Commission of the International Society for Forensic Genetics: Recommendations on the validation of software programs performing biostatistical calculations for forensic genetics applications SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Biostatistical software; Software validation; Validation and verification; Forensic genetics; Software training and testing ID LIKELIHOOD RATIOS; DROP-OUT; PROFILES; PROPOSITIONS; PATERNITY; MIXTURE; MODELS AB The use of biostatistical software programs to assist in data interpretation and calculate likelihood ratios is essential to forensic geneticists and part of the daily case work flow for both kinship and DNA identification laboratories. Previous recommendations issued by the DNA Commission of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG) covered the application of bio-statistical evaluations for STR typing results in identification and kinship cases, and this is now being expanded to provide best practices regarding validation and verification of the software required for these calculations. With larger multiplexes, more complex mixtures, and increasing requests for extended family testing, laboratories are relying more than ever on specific software solutions and sufficient validation, training and extensive documentation are of upmost importance. Here, we present recommendations for the minimum requirements to validate bio-statistical software to be used in forensic genetics. We distinguish between developmental validation and the responsibilities of the software developer or provider, and the internal validation studies to be performed by the end user. Recommendations for the software provider address, for example, the documentation of the underlying models used by the software, validation data expectations, version control, implementation and training support, as well as continuity and user notifications. For the internal validations the recommendations include: creating a validation plan, requirements for the range of samples to be tested, Standard Operating Procedure development, and internal laboratory training and education. To ensure that all laboratories have access to a wide range of samples for validation and training purposes the ISFG DNA commission encourages collaborative studies and public repositories of STR typing results. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Coble, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Genet Grp, 100 Bur Dr MS 8314, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Buckleton, J.] ESR, Private Bag 92021, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Buckleton, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div Guest Researcher, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Butler, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Special Programs Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Egeland, T.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Oslo, Norway. [Fimmers, R.] Univ Bonn, Inst Med Stat Informat & Epidemiol, Bonn, Germany. [Gill, P.] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. [Gill, P.] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Gusmao, L.] State Univ Rio de Janeiro UERJ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gusmao, L.; Pinto, N.] Univ Porto, Inst Mol Pathol & Immunol, IPATIMUP, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Gusmao, L.; Pinto, N.] Univ Porto, Inst Invest & Inovacao Saude, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Guttman, B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Software & Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krawczak, M.] Christian Albrechts Univ Kiel, Inst Med Informat & Stat, Kiel, Germany. [Morling, N.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Forens Med, Sect Forens Genet, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Parson, W.] Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Legal Med, Innsbruck, Austria. [Parson, W.] Penn State Univ, Forens Sci Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Pinto, N.] Univ Porto, Inst Res & Innovat Hlth I3S, Oporto, Portugal. [Pinto, N.] Univ Porto, Ctr Math, Oporto, Portugal. [Schneider, P. M.] Univ Cologne, Fac Med, Inst Legal Med, Cologne, Germany. [Sherry, S. T.] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Willuweit, S.] Charite, Inst Legal Med & Forens Sci, Dept Forens Genet, Berlin, Germany. [Prinz, M.] John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, New York, NY USA. RP Coble, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Genet Grp, 100 Bur Dr MS 8314, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcoble@nist.gov RI Gusmao, Leonor/B-3122-2013; Krawczak, Michael/A-8964-2010 OI Gusmao, Leonor/0000-0003-0432-6481; Krawczak, Michael/0000-0003-2603-1502 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 25 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.09.002 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA EE3YX UT WOS:000389539600033 PM 27643465 ER PT J AU Zhang, WJ Jin, FF Stuecker, MF Wittenberg, AT Timmermann, A Ren, HL Kug, JS Cai, WJ Cane, M AF Zhang, Wenjun Jin, Fei-Fei Stuecker, Malte F. Wittenberg, Andrew T. Timmermann, Axel Ren, Hong-Li Kug, Jong-Seong Cai, Wenju Cane, Mark TI Unraveling El Nino's impact on the East Asian Monsoon and Yangtze River summer flooding SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMBINATION-MODE; OCEAN CAPACITOR; INDIAN-OCEAN; ENSO; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; PREDICTABILITY; PREDICTIONS; EVENTS; SYSTEM AB Strong El Nino events are followed by massive summer monsoon flooding over the Yangtze River basin (YRB), home to about a third of the population in China. Although the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) provides the main source of seasonal climate predictability for many parts of the Earth, the mechanisms of its connection to the East Asian monsoon remain largely elusive. For instance, the traditional Nino3.4 ENSO index only captures precipitation anomalies over East Asia in boreal winter but not during the summer. Here we show that there exists a robust year-round and predictable relationship between ENSO and the Asian monsoon. This connection is revealed by combining equatorial (Nino3.4) and off-equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (Nino-A index) into a new metric that captures ENSO's various aspects, such as its interaction with the annual cycle and its different flavors. This extended view of ENSO complexity improves predictability of YRB summer flooding events. C1 [Zhang, Wenjun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, ILCEC CIC FEMD, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Jin, Fei-Fei; Stuecker, Malte F.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Dept Atmospher Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Jin, Fei-Fei; Ren, Hong-Li] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Lab Climate Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Timmermann, Axel] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kug, Jong-Seong] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang, South Korea. [Cai, Wenju] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Cane, Mark] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP Jin, FF (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Dept Atmospher Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.; Jin, FF (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Lab Climate Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM jff@hawaii.edu RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Cai, Wenju/C-2864-2012; OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Cane, Mark/0000-0001-5408-2388; Stuecker, Malte/0000-0001-8355-0662 FU China Meteorological Special Project [GYHY201506013]; National Nature Science Foundation of China [41675073]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS-1406601]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC000511] FX The data used to reproduce the results of this paper are available from the sources described in section 4. This study was supported by the China Meteorological Special Project (GYHY201506013), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (41675073), the U.S. National Science Foundation grant AGS-1406601, and the U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-SC000511. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 43 IS 21 BP 11375 EP 11382 DI 10.1002/2016GL071190 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EE0YB UT WOS:000389305000024 ER PT J AU Mahboubi, H Masoudimansour, W Aghdam, AG Sayrafian-Pour, K AF Mahboubi, Hamid Masoudimansour, Walid Aghdam, Amir G. Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran TI Maximum Lifetime Strategy for Target Monitoring With Controlled Node Mobility in Sensor Networks With Obstacles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Energy; lifetime; mobile sensor network; target monitoring ID DISTRIBUTED ALGORITHM; SURVEILLANCE; OPTIMIZATION; MAXIMIZATION; DEPLOYMENT; COVERAGE; TRACKING; SINK AB Consider a mobile sensor network that is used to monitor a moving target in a field with obstacles. In this paper, an efficient relocation technique that simultaneously maximizes the network lifetime is proposed. The main sources of energy consumption in the network are sensing, communication, and movement of the sensors. To account for this energy consumption, a graph is constructed with edges that are weighted based on the remaining energy of each sensor. This graph is subsequently employed to address the lifetime maximization problem by solving a sequence of shortest path problems. The proposed technique determines a near-optimal relocation strategy for the sensors as well as an energy-efficient route to transfer information from the target to destination. This near-optimal solution is calculated in every time instant using the information obtained through the previous time step. It is shown that by choosing appropriate parameters, sensors' locations and the communication route from target to destination can be arbitrarily close to their corresponding optimal choices at each time instant. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technique. C1 [Mahboubi, Hamid] McGill Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada. [Masoudimansour, Walid; Aghdam, Amir G.] Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahboubi, H (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada. EM hamid.mahboobi@mail.mcgill.ca; w_masou@ece.concordia.ca; aghdam@ece.concordia.ca; ksayrafian@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB8H8146] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), under Grant 70NANB8H8146. Recommended by Associate Editor V. Gupta. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 EI 1558-2523 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD NOV PY 2016 VL 61 IS 11 BP 3493 EP 3508 DI 10.1109/TAC.2016.2536800 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA EE8QY UT WOS:000389892000019 ER PT J AU Smets, Q Verhulst, AS El Kazzi, S Gundlach, D Richter, CA Mocuta, A Collaert, N Thean, AVY Heyns, MM AF Smets, Quentin Verhulst, Anne S. El Kazzi, Salim Gundlach, David Richter, Curt A. Mocuta, Anda Collaert, Nadine Thean, Aaron Voon-Yew Heyns, Marc M. TI Calibration of the Effective Tunneling Bandgap in GaAsSb/InGaAs for Improved TFET Performance Prediction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Band-to-band tunneling (BTBT); calibration; Esaki diode; heterojunction; tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET) ID GAP; FETS AB The effective bandgap for heterojunction band-to-band tunneling (E-g,E- (eff)) is a crucial design parameter for a heterojunction tunneling FET (TFET). However, there is significant uncertainty on E-g,E- (eff), especially for In0.53Ga0.47As/GaAs0.5Sb0.5. This makes the prediction of TFET performance difficult. We calibrate E-g,E- (eff) by fabricating heterojunction p+/i/n+ diodes, comparing the simulated and the measured current-voltage and capacitance-voltage curves, while taking E-g,E- (eff) as a fitting parameter. Our calibration significantly reduces the uncertainty on E-g,E- (eff) compared with the range found in the literature. The comparison with the previous work on highly doped heterojunction diodes suggests that dopant-dependent bandgap narrowing reduces E-g,E- (eff) and therefore significantly impacts the performance of highly doped TFET. C1 [Smets, Quentin; Verhulst, Anne S.; El Kazzi, Salim; Mocuta, Anda; Collaert, Nadine; Thean, Aaron Voon-Yew; Heyns, Marc M.] IMEC, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [Smets, Quentin; Heyns, Marc M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [Smets, Quentin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gundlach, David; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thean, Aaron Voon-Yew] Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore. RP Smets, Q (reprint author), IMEC, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. FU imec's industrial affiliation program; IWT-Vlaanderen FX This work was supported by imec's industrial affiliation program. The work of Q. Smets was supported by IWT-Vlaanderen. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor X. Guo. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD NOV PY 2016 VL 63 IS 11 BP 4248 EP 4254 DI 10.1109/TED.2016.2604860 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA EE1KN UT WOS:000389340400015 ER PT J AU Beasley-Green, A AF Beasley-Green, Ashley TI Urine Proteomics in the Era of Mass Spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL NEUROUROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Urine; Biomarkers; Proteomics; Mass Spectrometry ID ALBUMIN; QUANTIFICATION; PROTEINS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FRAGMENTATION; DISSOCIATION; IMMUNOASSAY AB With the technological advances of mass spectrometry (MS)-based platforms, clinical proteomics is one of the most rapidly growing areas in biomedical research. Urine proteomics has become a popular subdiscipline of clinical proteomics because it is an ideal source for the discovery of noninvasive disease biomarkers. The urine proteome offers a comprehensive view of the local and systemic physiology since the proteome is primarily composed of proteins/peptides from the kidneys and plasma. The emergence of MS-based proteomic platforms as prominent bioanalytical tools in clinical applications has enhanced the identification of protein-based urinary biomarkers. This review highlights the characteristics of urine that make it an attractive biofluid for biomarker discovery and the impact of MS-based technologies on the clinical assessment of urinary protein biomarkers. C1 [Beasley-Green, Ashley] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8314, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beasley-Green, A (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8314, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ashley.beasley@nist.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU KOREAN CONTINENCE SOC PI YEONGOTONG-GU PA DEPT UROLOGY, AJOU UNIV COLL MEDICINE, SAN 5 WONCHEN-DONG, YEONGOTONG-GU, SUWON 443-721, SOUTH KOREA SN 2093-4777 EI 2093-6931 J9 INT NEUROUROL J JI Int. Neurourol. J. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 20 SU 2 BP 70 EP 75 DI 10.5213/inj.1612720.360 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA EE2YC UT WOS:000389451000003 PM 27915473 ER PT J AU Mazon, JJ Castro, CL Adams, DK Chang, HI Carrillo, CM Brost, JJ AF Mazon, Jeremy J. Castro, Christopher L. Adams, David K. Chang, Hsin-I Carrillo, Carlos M. Brost, John J. TI Objective Climatological Analysis of Extreme Weather Events in Arizona during the North American Monsoon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; MODELING SYSTEM RAMS; DIURNAL VARIABILITY; COMPLEX TERRAIN; SUMMER CLIMATE; SQUALL LINES; GULF SURGE; PRECIPITATION; SOUTHWEST; PATTERNS AB Almost one-half of the annual precipitation in the southwestern United States occurs during the North American monsoon (NAM). Given favorable synoptic-scale conditions, organized monsoon thunderstorms may affect relatively large geographic areas. Through an objective analysis of atmospheric reanalysis and observational data, the dominant synoptic patterns associated with NAM extreme events are determined for the period from 1993 to 2010. Thermodynamically favorable extreme-weather-event days are selected on the basis of atmospheric instability and precipitable water vapor from Tucson, Arizona, rawinsonde data. The atmospheric circulation patterns at 500 hPa associated with the extreme events are objectively characterized using principal component analysis. The first two dominant modes of 500-hPa geopotential-height anomalies of the severe-weather-event days correspond to type-I and type-II severe-weather-event patterns previously subjectively identified by Maddox et al. These patterns reflect a positioning of the monsoon ridge to the north and east or north and west, respectively, from its position in the "Four Corners" region during the period of the climatological maximum of monsoon precipitation from mid-July to mid-August. An hourly radar gauge precipitation product shows evidence of organized, westward-propagating convection in Arizona during the type-I and type-II severe weather events. This new methodological approach for objectively identifying severe weather events may be easily adapted to inform operational forecasting or analysis of gridded climate data. C1 [Mazon, Jeremy J.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Appl Aviat Sci, 3700 Willow Creek Rd, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. [Mazon, Jeremy J.; Castro, Christopher L.; Chang, Hsin-I] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Adams, David K.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Carrillo, Carlos M.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. [Brost, John J.] Natl Weather Serv, Southern Reg Headquarters, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Mazon, JJ (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Appl Aviat Sci, 3700 Willow Creek Rd, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. EM jeremy.mazon@erau.edu FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) through the U.S. Departments of Defense and Energy [RC-2205]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigation e Innovation Tecnologica (UNAM PAPIIT) [IA100916] FX This research is supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), Project RC-2205, through the U.S. Departments of Defense and Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Additional support for contributions by Dr. David Adams was provided through the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigation e Innovation Tecnologica (UNAM PAPIIT; Grant IA100916). The authors are grateful for the assistance of Dr. Erick Rivera, Ms. Jennifer Stutler, Ms. Megan Jares, and Mr. Timothy Lahmers. The methodological approach reflects valuable input from operational forecasters at the Tucson NWS WFO. Comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers substantially improved the quality of the typescript. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 55 IS 11 BP 2431 EP 2450 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0075.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EE8HR UT WOS:000389866800007 ER PT J AU Overland, JE Dethloff, K Francis, JA Hall, RJ Hanna, E Kim, SJ Screen, JA Shepherd, TG Vihma, T AF Overland, James E. Dethloff, Klaus Francis, Jennifer A. Hall, Richard J. Hanna, Edward Kim, Seong-Joong Screen, James A. Shepherd, Theodore G. Vihma, Timo TI Nonlinear response of mid-latitude weather to the changing Arctic SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE LOSS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COLD WINTERS; JET-STREAM; AMPLIFICATION; MODEL; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION AB Are continuing changes in the Arctic influencing wind patterns and the occurrence of extreme weather events in northern mid-latitudes? The chaotic nature of atmospheric circulation precludes easy answers. The topic is a major science challenge, as continued Arctic temperature increases are an inevitable aspect of anthropogenic climate change. We propose a perspective that rejects simple cause-and-effect pathways and notes diagnostic challenges in interpreting atmospheric dynamics. We present a way forward based on understanding multiple processes that lead to uncertainties in Arctic and mid-latitude weather and climate linkages. We emphasize community coordination for both scientific progress and communication to a broader public. C1 [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dethloff, Klaus] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Francis, Jennifer A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hall, Richard J.; Hanna, Edward] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Winter St, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Kim, Seong-Joong] Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. [Screen, James A.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QE, Devon, England. [Shepherd, Theodore G.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, POB 243, Reading EG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Vihma, Timo] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Erik Palmenin Aukiol 1, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov FU NOAA Arctic Research Project of the Climate Program Office; NSF/ARCSS [1304097]; German DFG Transregional Collaborative Research Centre [TR 172]; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/J019585/1, NE/M006123/1]; University of Sheffield's Project Sunshine; Korea Polar Research Institute [PE16010]; Academy of Finland [259537] FX J.E.O. is supported by NOAA Arctic Research Project of the Climate Program Office. J.A.F. is supported by NSF/ARCSS Grant 1304097. K.D. acknowledges support from the German DFG Transregional Collaborative Research Centre TR 172. J.A.S. was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council grants NE/J019585/1 and NE/M006123/1. R.J.H. and E.H. acknowledge support from the University of Sheffield's Project Sunshine. S.-J.K. was supported by the project of Korea Polar Research Institute (PE16010), and T.V. was supported by the Academy of Finland (Contract 259537). We appreciate the support of IASC, CliC and the University of Sheffield for hosting a productive workshop. PMEL Contribution Number 4429. NR 99 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 23 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 6 IS 11 BP 992 EP 999 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE3121 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EE2QC UT WOS:000389428300011 ER PT J AU Di Lorenzo, E Mantua, N AF Di Lorenzo, Emanuele Mantua, Nathan TI Multi-year persistence of the 2014/15 North Pacific marine heatwave SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL FOOTPRINTING MECHANISM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; DECADAL OSCILLATION; MERIDIONAL MODES; NE PACIFIC; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; ENSO; OCEAN; CALIFORNIA AB Between the winters of 2013/14 and 2014/15 during the strong North American drought, the northeast Pacific experienced the largest marine heatwave ever recorded. Here we combine observations with an ensemble of climate model simulations to show that teleconnections between the North Pacific and the weak 2014/2015 El Nino linked the atmospheric forcing patterns of this event. These teleconnection dynamics from the extratropics to the tropics during winter 2013/14, and then back to the extratropics during winter 2014/15, are a key source of multi- year persistence of the North Pacific atmosphere. The corresponding ocean anomalies map onto known patterns of North Pacific decadal variability, specifically the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) in 2014 and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in 2015. A large ensemble of climate model simulations predicts that the winter variance of the NPGO- and PDO-like patterns increases under greenhouse forcing, consistent with other studies suggesting an increase in the atmospheric extremes that lead to drought over North America. C1 [Di Lorenzo, Emanuele] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mantua, Nathan] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Di Lorenzo, E (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM edl@gatech.edu OI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363 FU NSF [OCE 1356924, OCE 1419292]; NSF CCE-LTER FX We acknowledge the support of the NSF-OCE 1356924, NSF-OCE 1419292 and NSF CCE-LTER. We also thank N. Schneider for feedback and discussion provided. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 13 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 6 IS 11 BP 1042 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE3082 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EE2QC UT WOS:000389428300021 ER PT J AU Harries, ME Kunwar, B Sharma, BK Bruno, TJ AF Harries, Megan E. Kunwar, Bidhya Sharma, Brajendra K. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Application of the Advanced Distillation Curve Method to Characterize Two Alternative Transportation Fuels Prepared from the Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; DIESEL FUEL; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; BIODIESEL FUEL; MIXTURES; GASOLINE; TEMPERATURE; ENTHALPY AB The properties of alternative fuels must be evaluated to determine their suitability for use in existing engines, either as blends with conventional petroleum products or as stand-alone substitutes (drop-in replacements). Alternative fuels made from waste feedstocks are especially attractive since they serve the dual purposes of fuel production and environmental pollution mitigation. In this study, two alternative liquid fuels generated by the pyrolysis of waste polypropylene corrugated advertisement plastics were assessed using a composition-explicit distillation approach, which provides a rich data matrix including fuel volatility, composition, hydrocarbon classification, and energy content in each distillate volume fraction. The data collected using this approach provide valuable information for the development of equations of state to describe the thermodynamic behavior of these complex fluids. The analysis showed that, despite significant differences in composition, the distillation curves and associated data of the alternative fuels show promising similarity to their conventional counterparts. C1 [Harries, Megan E.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kunwar, Bidhya; Sharma, Brajendra K.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Sustainable Technol Ctr, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU NIST Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) Fellowship at NIST; Environmental Research and Education Foundation (EREF); HWRF of ISTC FX M.E.H. gratefully acknowledges a NIST Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) Fellowship at NIST. B.K.S. thanks the Environmental Research and Education Foundation (EREF) and HWRF of ISTC for financial support. B.K.S. acknowledges Sriraam Chandrasekaran and Jennifer Deluhery (UIUC) for producing plastic crude oils through pilot-scale pyrolysis of waste polypropylene corrugated advertisement plastics, and Pyoungchung Kim (UTK) for allowing us to use their pilot scale pyrolysis facility. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV PY 2016 VL 30 IS 11 BP 9671 EP 9678 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02068 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EC8YK UT WOS:000388428800095 ER PT J AU Li, XF Fablet, R AF Li, Xiaofeng Fablet, Ronan TI Foreword to the Special Issue on the Remote Sensing of the World Oceans SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, GST, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Fablet, Ronan] Inst Mines Telecom, Telecom Bretagne, UMR LabSTICC 6285, F-29238 Brest 3, France. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, GST, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Xiaofeng.Li@noaa.gov; ronan.fablet@telecom-bretagne.eu RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 9 IS 11 SI SI BP 4895 EP 4897 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2621400 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA ED5DJ UT WOS:000388871500001 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Kuester, EF AF Holloway, Christopher L. Kuester, Edward F. TI A Homogenization Technique for Obtaining Generalized Sheet-Transition Conditions for a Metafilm Embedded in a Magnetodielectric Interface SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Boundary conditions; generalized sheet-transition conditions (GSTCs); homogenization; interface conditions; magnetodielectric; metafilms; metamaterials; metasurfaces; multiple-scale techniques ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; EFFECTIVE CONDUCTIVITY; ARTIFICIAL MAGNETISM; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; SURFACE; SPHERES; MODEL; LAYER; METASURFACES/METAFILMS; RESONANCES AB Using the multiple-scale homogenization method, we derive generalized sheet-transition conditions for electromagnetic fields at the surface of a metafilm. The scatterers that compose the metafilm are of arbitrary shape and are embedded between two different magnetodielectric media. The parameters in these boundary conditions are interpreted as effective electric and magnetic surface susceptibilities, which themselves are related to the geometry of the scatterers that constitute the metafilm. C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Boulder Labs, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kuester, Edward F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder Labs, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 64 IS 11 BP 4671 EP 4686 DI 10.1109/TAP.2016.2600764 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA EC1SE UT WOS:000387887200016 ER PT J AU Beraki, AF Landman, WA DeWitt, D Olivier, C AF Beraki, Asmerom F. Landman, Willem A. DeWitt, David Olivier, Cobus TI Global dynamical forecasting system conditioned to robust initial and boundary forcings: seasonal context SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seasonal forecasting; model evaluation; model sensitivity; model initialization; multi-model SST ID RELATIVE OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SOUTH-AFRICA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ENSEMBLE PREDICTION; SOIL-MOISTURE; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLES; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; RAINFALL FORECASTS AB We propose how seasonal climate prediction with the use of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) can be optimized. The AGCM predictive skill is extensively examined under various forecast strategies that mimic truly operational prediction. It is shown that the AGCM predictive skill is found to produce superior results given a suitable sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) as forcing and is subject to an initialization strategy that uses realistic atmosphere and soil moisture states. Evaluation of hindcasts performed with the model further revealed that the AGCM is able to forecast anomalous upper air atmospheric dynamics (circulation) over the tropics up to several months ahead. The AGCM probabilistic forecasts for rainfall and surface air temperatures during the austral summer season are also found to be informative and useful. The contribution of the predicted SST, which is based on a multi-model approach, is shown to be of significant importance for best AGCM results. The AGCM may also benefit from the initial condition interface in the AGCM's configuration which is implicitly considered in the analysis. Notwithstanding, the AGCM's predictive skill does not vary much whether the AGCM is initialized with realistic or climatological soil moisture which is presumably suggestive of the AGCM's internal weakness. C1 [Beraki, Asmerom F.; Olivier, Cobus] South African Weather Serv, Pretoria, South Africa. [Beraki, Asmerom F.; Landman, Willem A.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Geog Geoinformat & Meteorol, Pretoria, South Africa. [Landman, Willem A.] CSIR, Nat Resources & Environm, Pretoria, South Africa. [DeWitt, David] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Beraki, AF (reprint author), South African Weather Serv, Pretoria, South Africa.; Beraki, AF (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Geog Geoinformat & Meteorol, Pretoria, South Africa.; Beraki, AF (reprint author), 442 Rigel Ave South, ZA-0181 Pretoria, South Africa. EM asmerom.beraki@weathersa.co.za FU Water Research Commission (WRC); Applied Centre for Climate & Earth Systems Science (ACCESS) FX The work is financially supported by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and Applied Centre for Climate & Earth Systems Science (ACCESS). The authors are also gratefully appreciative for the CHPC computational support. Furthermore, computer hardware obtained through the SATREPS (Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development) a collaborative project between Japan and South Africa was essential for processing of massive model output data. The Max-Planck-Institut fur Meteorologie (MPI) has kindly provided the ECHAM4.5 AGCM code. The work was also impossible without the NCEP reanalyses product. The authors also thank Dr Simon Mason and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 107 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 36 IS 14 BP 4455 EP 4474 DI 10.1002/joc.4643 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC0PL UT WOS:000387803000002 ER PT J AU Martin-Puig, C Leuliette, E Lillibridge, J Roca, M AF Martin-Puig, Cristina Leuliette, Eric Lillibridge, John Roca, Monica TI Evaluating the Performance of Jason-2 Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Tracker Modes SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALTIMETER DATA; WAVE-FORMS; RETRACKING; SURFACE AB The Poseidon-3 altimeter on board Jason-2 includes a significant new capability with respect to its predecessors, an open-loop [Determination Immediate d'Orbite par Doris Embarque (DIODE)/digital elevationmodel (DEM)] tracker mode. This innovative mode is capable of successfully tracking the backscatter signal over rapidly varying terrains, and thus it overcomes one of the limitations of the closed-loop Poseidon-2 tracker on board Jason-1. DIODE/DEM achieves this improvement thanks to a predetermined DEM on board that, when combined with DIODE orbit ephemeris, provides improved acquisition timing and reduced data loss in the coastal zone. As a further enhancement, Jason-3 and the Sentinel-3 programs will be capable of autonomously switching to this innovative mode in selected regions. To help recommend how these missions should utilize DIODE/DEM, the authors studied the impact of the tracker mode on the accuracy and precision of wave heights and wind speed, the continuity of the sea level climate data record, and the coverage in coastal regions. The results show close agreement between the open-and closed-loop trackermodes over the open ocean with the exception of some differences at high-tidal variability areas, the coastal zone, and sea ice regions. The DIODE/DEM tracker shows better performance than the closed-loop tracker mode at the coast and in the presence of sea ice. Jason-2, when operating in open-loop mode, allows for an approximately 5% increase of successful acquisitions at the ocean-to-land transition. However, open-loop tracking exhibits more variability in regions of high tides than closed-loop. C1 [Martin-Puig, Cristina] Global Sci & Technol Inc, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Martin-Puig, Cristina; Leuliette, Eric; Lillibridge, John] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD USA. [Roca, Monica] IsardSAT LTD, Guildford, Surrey, England. RP Martin-Puig, C (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol Inc, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Martin-Puig, C (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, Lab Satellite Altimetry, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM cmpuig@gmail.com RI Lillibridge, John/F-5606-2010; Martin-Puig, Cristina/B-9544-2015; Leuliette, Eric/D-1527-2010 OI Lillibridge, John/0000-0001-9102-171X; Martin-Puig, Cristina/0000-0003-4207-799X; Leuliette, Eric/0000-0002-3425-4039 FU NOAA [DOCDG133E10CQ0034] FX The authors of this paper would like to thank J. D. Desjonqueres, F. Boy, and N. Picot from CNES for their collaboration and support in better understanding of the Poseidon-3 tracker on Jason-2. This work has been funded by NOAA Grant DOCDG133E10CQ0034. The contents of this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2277 EP 2288 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0011.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED4HG UT WOS:000388808000001 ER PT J AU Smith, TM AF Smith, Thomas M. TI Reconstructions Improvements Using Iteratively Adjusted Statistics, Demonstrated Using Model-Output Annual SST Anomalies and Historical Sampling SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PART I; OSCILLATION AB Historical reconstructions of climate fields, such as sea surface temperature (SST), are important for climate studies and monitoring. Reconstructions use statistics from a well-sampled base period to analyze a sparsely sampled historical period. Here a method is shown for adjusting the base-period statistics using the available historical data so that statistics better represent historical variations. The method is demonstrated using annual SST anomalies from a coupled GCM historical run, 1861-2005, forced by greenhouse gases and aerosols. Simulated data are constructed from the model's SST using observed historical SST sampling with error estimates added. Reconstructions are performed using the simulated data, and the results are compared to the full model SST without added errors. The results from applying other reconstruction methods to the simulated data are compared. The tests show that the method improves annual SST reconstructions, especially in the early years, when sampling is most sparse and in the extratropics. In particular, the 1881-1900 correlation averaged over 30 degrees-60 degrees S and over 308-608N improves from about 0.4 using noniterative reconstruction to about 0.6 using iterative reconstruction. The correlations of annual values in the tropics are about 0.7 with both methods. Incorporating those improvements into an SST reconstruction could better represent extratropical climate variations in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and improve the value of the reconstruction for long-period climate studies and for validating climate models. C1 [Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Smith, TM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tom.smith@noaa.gov RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2289 EP 2303 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0059.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED4HG UT WOS:000388808000002 ER PT J AU Weckwerth, TM Weber, KJ Turner, DD Spuler, SM AF Weckwerth, Tammy M. Weber, Kristy J. Turner, David D. Spuler, Scott M. TI Validation of a Water Vapor Micropulse Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; GROUND-BASED TEMPERATURE; MEASUREMENT ARM PROGRAM; BOTTOM-UP DIFFUSION; RAMAN LIDAR; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS; PART II; THERMODYNAMIC PROFILES AB A water vapor micropulse differential absorption lidar (DIAL) instrument was developed collaboratively by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and Montana State University (MSU). This innovative, eye-safe, low-power, diode-laser-based system has demonstrated the ability to obtain unattended continuous observations in both day and night. Data comparisons with well-established water vapor observing systems, including radiosondes, Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers (AERIs), microwave radiometer profilers (MWRPs), and ground-based global positioning system (GPS) receivers, show excellent agreement. The Pearson's correlation coefficient for the DIAL and radiosondes is consistently greater than 0.6 from 300m up to 4.5 km AGL at night and up to 3.5 km AGL during the day. The Pearson's correlation coefficient for the DIAL and AERI is greater than 0.6 from 300mup to 2.25 km at night and from 300mup to 2.0 km during the day. Further comparison with the continuously operating GPS instrumentation illustrates consistent temporal trends when integrating the DIAL measurements up to 6 km AGL. C1 [Weckwerth, Tammy M.; Weber, Kristy J.; Spuler, Scott M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Turner, David D.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Norman, OK USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Weckwerth, TM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM tammy@ucar.edu FU Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies at the University of Oklahoma FX We thank the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies at the University of Oklahoma for funding to help field the DIAL during PECAN. Thanks go to UW-Madison for collecting and sharing their FRAPPE AERI and radiosonde data. We are grateful to Rich Clark, Todd Sikora, and the Millersville University team of undergraduate students for collecting and sharing their PECAN/Ellis radiosonde dataset. We thank John Hanesiak, Kyle Ziolkowski, and Scott Kehler (U. Manitoba) for collecting and sharing their PECAN MWRP data. We thank the ARM program, and in particular Jon Gero, Denny Hackel, and Coda Phillips, for installing the AERI at the Ellis site for PECAN. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2353 EP 2372 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0119.1 PG 20 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED4HG UT WOS:000388808000006 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Vecchi, GA Villarini, G Murakami, H Delworth, T Jia, LW Gudgel, R Zeng, FR AF Zhang, Wei Vecchi, Gabriel A. Villarini, Gabriele Murakami, Hiroyuki Delworth, Thomas Jia, Liwei Gudgel, Richard Zeng, Fanrong TI Simulated Connections between ENSO and Tropical Cyclones near Guam in a High-Resolution GFDL Coupled Climate Model: Implications for Seasonal Forecasting SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; DATA ASSIMILATION; STORM FORMATION; UNITED-STATES; SEA-ICE; VARIABILITY; GCM; TELECONNECTION AB This study aims to assess the connections between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and tropical cyclones near Guam (GuamTCs) using the state-of-the-art Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution version of CM2.5 (FLOR). In observations, more (fewer) GuamTCs occur in El Nino (LaNina) years, and the ENSO-GuamTC connections arise from TC genesis locations in ENSO phases. The observed ENSO-GuamTC connections are realistically simulated in the two control experiments that use two versions of FLOR: the standard version and another with flux adjustments (FLOR-FA). The ENSO-GuamTC connections in FLOR-FA are closer to observations than those in FLOR because of a better representation of TC genesis during ENSO phases. The physical mechanisms underlying the observed ENSO-GuamTC connections are further supported in the long-term control experiments with FLOR and FLOR-FA. The ENSO-GuamTC connections in sea surface temperature (SST)-and sea surface salinity (SSS)-restoring experiments with FLOR 1990 strongly resemble the observations, suggesting the ENSO-GuamTC connections arise substantially from the forcing of SST. The prediction skill of FLOR-FA forGuamTC frequency is quite promising in terms of correlation and root-mean-square error and is higher than that of FLOR for the period 1980-2014. This study shows the capability of global climate models (FLOR and FLOR-FA) in simulating the linkage between ENSO and TC activity near a highly localized region (i.e., Guam) and in predicting the frequency of TCs at the subbasin scale. C1 [Zhang, Wei; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Murakami, Hiroyuki; Delworth, Thomas; Jia, Liwei; Gudgel, Richard; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zhang, Wei; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Murakami, Hiroyuki; Delworth, Thomas; Jia, Liwei] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zhang, Wei; Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. [Zhang, Wei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Wei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM wei.zhang@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1262091, AGS-1262099] FX The authors are grateful to the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. The authors acknowledge Carlos Gaitan and Nat Johnson for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants AGS-1262091 and AGS-1262099. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 29 IS 22 BP 8231 EP 8248 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0126.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED2RZ UT WOS:000388697500003 ER PT J AU Kam, J Sheffield, J AF Kam, Jonghun Sheffield, Justin TI Increased Drought and Pluvial Risk over California due to Changing Oceanic Conditions SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; ENSO EVENTS; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; EXTREME; PROJECT; TIME AB This study evaluates wintertime drought and pluvial risk over California through a Bayesian analysis of the upper and lower quartile of PRISM-based precipitation from 1901 to 2015. Risk is evaluated for different time windows to estimate the impact of interannual and decadal-to-multidecadal Pacific and Atlantic variability [positive and negative phases of ENSO, Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO)]. The impact of increasing trends in global sea surface temperature (SST) on drought and pluvial risk is also examined with idealized experimental runs from three climate models [GFDL Atmospheric Model version 2.1 (AM2.1), CCM3, and GFS]. The results show that the influence of oceanic conditions on drought risk in California is significant but has changed with higher risk in the last half century, especially in Southern California. The influence of oceanic conditions on pluvial risk has also been significant, especially during the warm phase of the Pacific Ocean, but increases over the last century are small compared to drought. Results from the idealized climate model experiments show that natural variability likely played a major role in the observed changes in risk, with the global SST increasing trend possibly tempering the increases regionally but not significantly over California. Despite evolving preferential oceanic conditions for a pluvial event during the 2015/16 winter (positive phase of ENSO and PDO), California received an 11% winter precipitation surplus, which was not sufficient for drought recovery. The seasonal and longer-term outlook for negative phases of ENSO and PDO implies that drought risk will be elevated in Southern California for the next decade. C1 [Kam, Jonghun; Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Sheffield, Justin] Univ Southampton, Geog & Environm, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Kam, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM jkam@princeton.edu RI Kam, Jonghun/G-3550-2012 OI Kam, Jonghun/0000-0002-7967-7705 FU NOAA OAR Climate Program Office [NA14OAR4310218, NA10OAR4310130, NA11OAR 4310097] FX We are grateful to Dr. Ming Pan and Dr. Kirsten Findell for sharing the simulated snow water equivalent data and the idealized SST experiment runs, respectively. This work was funded by the NOAA OAR Climate Program Office (NA14OAR4310218, NA10OAR4310130, and NA11OAR 4310097 for JK and JS). NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 29 IS 22 BP 8269 EP 8279 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0879.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED2RZ UT WOS:000388697500005 ER PT J AU Larson, EJL Portmann, RW AF Larson, Erik J. L. Portmann, Robert W. TI A temporal kernel method to compute effective radiative forcing in CMIP5 transient simulations (vol 29, pg 1497, 2016) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Correction C1 [Larson, Erik J. L.; Portmann, Robert W.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Larson, Erik J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Larson, EJL (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM erik.larson@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 29 IS 22 BP 8283 EP 8283 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0681.1 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED2RZ UT WOS:000388697500007 ER PT J AU Sefa, M Ahmed, Z Fedchak, JA Scherschligt, J Klimov, N AF Sefa, Makfir Ahmed, Zeeshan Fedchak, James A. Scherschligt, Julia Klimov, Nikolai TI Gas uptake of 3D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene using a vacuum apparatus designed for absorption and desorption studies SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID WATER; CALIBRATION; SURFACES AB The authors describe a vacuum apparatus for determining the outgassing rate into vacuum, the diffusion coefficient, and the amount of gas absorbed for various materials. The diffusion coefficient is determined from a model applied to time-dependent desorption data taken using a throughput method. The authors used this method to determine the diffusion coefficient, D, for H2O in three dimensional printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). They found D-H2O = 8.3 x 10(-8) cm(2)/s +/- 1.3 x 10(-8) cm(2)/s (k = 1; 67% confidence interval) at 23.2 degrees C. This result was compared to the diffusion coefficient determined another by a gravimetric method, in which the sample weight was monitored as it absorbed gas from the atmosphere. The two methods agreed to within 3%, which is well within the uncertainty of the measurement. The authors also found that at least 80% of the atmospheric gas (air) absorbed by the ABS is water. The total amount of all atmospheric gas absorbed by ABS was about 0.35% by weight when exposed to ambient air in the laboratory, which was at a pressure of 101 kPa with a relative humidity of 57% at 22.2 degrees C. (C) 2016 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Sefa, Makfir; Ahmed, Zeeshan; Fedchak, James A.; Scherschligt, Julia] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. [Klimov, Nikolai] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fedchak, JA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. EM james.fedchak@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV PY 2016 VL 34 IS 6 AR 061603 DI 10.1116/1.4965304 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA ED3LC UT WOS:000388749600026 ER PT J AU Sharipov, F Moldover, MR AF Sharipov, Felix Moldover, Michael R. TI Energy accommodation coefficient extracted from acoustic resonator experiments SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID RAREFIED-GAS FLOWS; LINEARIZED BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; LAMPIS SCATTERING KERNEL; TEMPERATURE-JUMP; SPHERICAL RESONATOR; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; HEAT-TRANSFER; CONSTANT R; ATOM PAIR; THERMOMETRY AB The authors review values of the temperature jump coefficient zeta(T) determined from measurements of the acoustic resonance frequencies f(acoust) of helium-filled and argon-filled, spherical cavities near ambient temperature. The authors combine these values of zeta(T) with literature data for tangential momentum accommodation coefficient (TMAC) and the Cercignani-Lampis model of the gas-surface interaction to obtain measurement-derived values of the normal energy accommodation coefficient (NEAC). The authors found that NEAC ranges from 0 to 0.1 for helium and from 0.61 to 0.85 for argon at ambient temperature for several different surfaces. The authors suggest that measurements of f(acoust) of gas-filled, cylindrical cavities and of the nonradial modes of quasispherical cavities might separately determine TMAC and NEAC. Alternatively, TMAC and NEAC could be determined by measuring the heat transfer and momentum transfer between parallel rotating disks at low pressure. (C) 2016 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Sharipov, Felix; Moldover, Michael R.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sharipov, Felix] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Fis, BR-81531980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Sharipov, F (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Sharipov, F (reprint author), Univ Fed Parana, Dept Fis, BR-81531980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. EM sharipov@fisica.ufpr.br; michael.moldover@nist.gov RI Sharipov, Felix/B-5059-2013 OI Sharipov, Felix/0000-0001-9372-2915 FU CAPES (Brazil) [BEX 0306/15-0] FX F.Sh. is thankful to CAPES (Brazil) for the support of his long term visit to NIST (Grant BEX 0306/15-0). NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV PY 2016 VL 34 IS 6 AR 061604 DI 10.1116/1.4966620 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA ED3LC UT WOS:000388749600027 ER PT J AU Wen, YX Behrangi, A Lambrigtsen, B Kirstetter, PE AF Wen, Yixin Behrangi, Ali Lambrigtsen, Bjorn Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel TI Evaluation and Uncertainty Estimation of the Latest Radar and Satellite Snowfall Products Using SNOTEL Measurements over Mountainous Regions in Western United States SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE QPE; SWE; weather radar; GPM ID NATIONAL MOSAIC QPE; PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; COMPLEX TERRAIN; REAL-TIME; SYSTEM; REFLECTIVITY; IDENTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; PROFILES; DENSITY AB Snow contributes to regional and global water budgets, and is of critical importance to water resources management and our society. Along with advancement in remote sensing tools and techniques to retrieve snowfall, verification and refinement of these estimates need to be performed using ground-validation datasets. A comprehensive evaluation of the Multi-Radar/Multi-Sensor (MRMS) snowfall products and Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) (IMERG) precipitation products is conducted using the Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) daily precipitation and Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) datasets. Severe underestimations are found in both radar and satellite products. Comparisons are conducted as functions of air temperature, snowfall intensity, and radar beam height, in hopes of resolving the discrepancies between measurements by remote sensing and gauge, and finally developing better snowfall retrieval algorithms in the future. C1 [Wen, Yixin; Behrangi, Ali; Lambrigtsen, Bjorn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Wen, YX (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM yixin.wen@jpl.nasa.gov; Ali.Behrangi@jpl.nasa.gov; Bjorn.H.Lambrigtsen@jpl.nasa.gov; pierre.kirstetter@noaa.gov RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229 FU NASA GRACE/GRACE-FO; NASA WEATHER awards FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Government sponsorship is acknowledged. Ali Behrangi was supported by NASA GRACE/GRACE-FO and NASA WEATHER awards. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 8 IS 11 AR 904 DI 10.3390/rs8110904 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA ED4DS UT WOS:000388798400025 ER PT J AU Wilson, TB Baker, CB Meyers, TP Kochendorfer, J Hall, M Bell, JE Diamond, HJ Palecki, MA AF Wilson, Timothy B. Baker, C. Bruce Meyers, Tilden P. Kochendorfer, John Hall, Mark Bell, Jesse E. Diamond, Howard J. Palecki, Michael A. TI Site-Specific Soil Properties of the US Climate Reference Network Soil Moisture SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; WATER-RETENTION; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; CLAYEY AQUERT; BULK-DENSITY; YIELD; FIELD AB The objective of this study was to provide direct measurements of soil properties for 70 of the 114 US Climate Reference Network (USCRN) sites across the continental United States. Soil properties determined from the analysis of soil core samples include the particle size distribution (PSD, consisting of sand, silt, and clay contents), soil texture classifications, bulk density (BD), and the soil moisture content at water potentials of 33 kPa (field capacity, FC) and 1500 kPa (wilting point, WP). Sand, silt, and clay contents of the 70 sites indicated about 10 soil texture classifications as follows: three sites with loamy sand, 15 with sandy loam, two with clay, 11 with silt loam, five with clay loam, 10 with loam, seven with sand, eight with silty clay loam, four with sandy clay, and three with silty clay. The comparison of soil properties among soil depths and pits indicated considerable variability, with the silt, clay, and sand contents varying more with soil depth than with location at individual sites. The silt content tended to decrease with soil depth, clay tended to increase, and sand tended to vary randomly with depth. Regression lines fitted to values of FC and WP between the pits indicated a slope >0.8, R-2 > 0.88, and RMSE ranging from 2.7 to 4%. Compared with FC and WP, BD was less consistent among the pits, with slope = 0.6, R-2 = 0.4, and RMSE of about 0.2 g cm(-3). C1 [Wilson, Timothy B.; Baker, C. Bruce; Meyers, Tilden P.; Kochendorfer, John; Hall, Mark] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bell, Jesse E.] North Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Bell, Jesse E.; Diamond, Howard J.; Palecki, Michael A.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Wilson, TB (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tim.wilson@noaa.gov RI Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012 OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460 FU NOAA's Office of Atmospheric Research (OAR), Climate Program Office, the USCRN Program; NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA14NES432003] FX This work was supported by NOAA's Office of Atmospheric Research (OAR), Climate Program Office, the USCRN Program, and by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under the Cooperative Agreement NA14NES432003. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 15 IS 11 DI 10.2136/vzj2016.05.0047 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA EE4CD UT WOS:000389548400004 ER PT J AU Peterca, M Imam, MR Hudson, SD Partridge, BE Sahoo, D Heiney, PA Klein, ML Percec, V AF Peterca, Mihai Imam, Mohammad R. Hudson, Steven D. Partridge, Benjamin E. Sahoo, Dipankar Heiney, Paul A. Klein, Michael L. Percec, Virgil TI Complex Arrangement of Orthogonal Nanoscale Columns via a Supramolecular Orientational Memory Effect SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE memory effect; complex arrangement; orthogonal columns; supramolecular; self-assembly ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE PHASE; SHAPE-MEMORY; QUASI-CRYSTALS; EPITAXIAL RELATIONSHIPS; SELF-ORGANIZATION; COPOLYMER MELTS; CUBIC PHASES; DENDRIMERS; MOLECULES; POLYMERS AB Memory effects, including shape, chirality, and liquid-crystallinity, have enabled macroscopic materials with novel functions. However, the generation of complex supramolecular nanosystems via memory effects has not yet been investigated. Here, we report a cyclotriveratrylene-crown (CTV) compound that self-assembles into supra molecular columns and spheres forming, respectively, hexagonal and cubic mesophases. Upon transition from one phase to the other, an epitaxial relationship holds, via an unprecedented supramolecular orientational memory effect. Specifically, the molecular orientation and columnar character of supramolecular packing is preserved in the cubic phase, providing an otherwise inaccessible structure comprising orthogonally oriented domains of supramolecular columns. The continuous columnar character of tetrahedrally distorted supramolecular spheres self-organized from the CTV derivative in the faces of the Pm (3) over barn lattice is the basis of this supramolecular orientational memory, which holds throughout cycling in temperature between the two phases. This concept is expected to be general for other combinations of periodic and quasiperiodic arrays generated from supramolecular spheres upon transition to supramolecular columns. C1 [Peterca, Mihai; Imam, Mohammad R.; Partridge, Benjamin E.; Sahoo, Dipankar; Percec, Virgil] Univ Penn, Roy & Diana Vagelos Labs, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Peterca, Mihai; Sahoo, Dipankar; Heiney, Paul A.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hudson, Steven D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Klein, Michael L.] Temple Univ, Inst Computat Mol Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Percec, V (reprint author), Univ Penn, Roy & Diana Vagelos Labs, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM percec@sas.upenn.edu RI Peterca, Mihai/C-9504-2009; OI Peterca, Mihai/0000-0002-7247-4008; Partridge, Benjamin/0000-0003-2359-1280 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1066116, DMR-1120901, OISE-1243313]; Humboldt Foundation; P. Roy Vagelos Chair at Penn; joint NSF-EPSRC PIKE project "RENEW' (EPSRC) [EP-K034308]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX Financial support by the National Science Foundation (DMR-1066116 (V.P.), DMR-1120901 (V.P. and P.A.H.), and OISE-1243313 (V.P.)), the Humboldt Foundation (V.P.), and the P. Roy Vagelos Chair at Penn (V.P.) is gratefully acknowledged. X.Z. acknowledges support from the joint NSF-EPSRC PIKE project "RENEW' (EPSRC Grant EP-K034308). B.E.P. thanks the Howard Hughes Medical Institute for an International Student Research Fellowship. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD NOV PY 2016 VL 10 IS 11 BP 10480 EP 10488 DI 10.1021/acsnano.6b06419 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA ED5SR UT WOS:000388913100080 PM 27934071 ER PT J AU Schneck, NA Phinney, KW Lee, SB Lowenthal, MS AF Schneck, Nicole A. Phinney, Karen W. Lee, Sang Bok Lowenthal, Mark S. TI Quantification of antibody coupled to magnetic particles by targeted mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bioanalytical methods; Immunoaffinity enrichment; Mass spectrometry; Nanoparticles/Nanotechnology ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; ENRICHMENT; PROTEOMICS; IMMOBILIZATION; LYMPHOCYTES; BIOMARKERS; PROTEINS; SERUM; BEADS AB Quantifying the amount of antibody on magnetic particles is a fundamental, but often overlooked step in the development of magnetic separation-based immunoaffinity enrichment procedures. In this work, a targeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based method was developed to directly measure the amount of antibody covalently bound to magnetic particles. Isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem MS (ID-LC-MS/MS) has been extensively employed as a gold-standard method for protein quantification. Here, we demonstrate the utility of this methodology for evaluating different antibody coupling processes to magnetic particles of different dimensions. Synthesized magnetic nanoparticles and pre-functionalized microparticles activated with glutaraldehyde or epoxy surface groups were used as solid supports for antibody conjugation. The key steps in this quantitative approach involved an antibody-magnetic particle coupling process, a wash step to remove unreacted antibody, followed by an enzymatic digestion step (in situ with the magnetic particles) to release tryptic antibody peptides. Our results demonstrate that nanoparticles more efficiently bind antibody when compared to microparticles, which was expected due to the larger surface area per unit mass of the nanoparticles compared to the same mass of microparticles. This quantitative method is shown to be capable of accurately and directly measuring antibody bound to magnetic particles and is independent of the conjugation method or type of magnetic particle. C1 [Schneck, Nicole A.; Lee, Sang Bok] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schneck, Nicole A.; Phinney, Karen W.; Lowenthal, Mark S.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, SB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Lowenthal, MS (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slee@umd.edu; mark.lowenthal@nist.gov RI Lee, Sang Bok/B-4421-2009 FU Maryland NanoCenter and its AIMLab; Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) through the University of Maryland, College Park; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX We acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its AIMLab. We also thank Dr. Sz-Chian Liou for his assistance with imaging the magnetic particles by TEM. We acknowledge the support of the Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) through the University of Maryland, College Park and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 408 IS 29 BP 8325 EP 8332 DI 10.1007/s00216-016-9948-3 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ED3GD UT WOS:000388736700007 PM 27695963 ER PT J AU Murray, MJ Ogden, HM Toro, C Liu, QN Mullin, AS AF Murray, Matthew J. Ogden, Hannah M. Toro, Carlos Liu, Qingnan Mullin, Amy S. TI Impulsive Collision Dynamics of CO Super Rotors from an Optical Centrifuge SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE collision dynamics; energy transfer; molecular dynamics; super rotors; time-resolved spectroscopy ID ROTATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; MICROWAVE DOUBLE-RESONANCE; INFRARED DOUBLE-RESONANCE; MOLECULES; STATES; RELAXATION; SPECTROSCOPY; LAWS; GAS; HCN AB We report state-resolved collision dynamics for CO molecules prepared in an optical centrifuge and measured with high-resolution transient IR absorption spectroscopy. Time-resolved polarization-sensitive measurements of excited CO molecules in the J=29 rotational state reveal that the oriented angular momentum of CO rotors is relaxed by impulsive collisions. The translational energy gains for molecules in the initial plane of rotation are threefold larger than for randomized angular momentum orientations, indicating the presence of anisotropic kinetic energy. The transient data show enhanced population for CO molecules in the initial plane of rotation immediately following the optical centrifuge pulse. A comparison with previous CO2 super rotor studies illustrates the behavior of molecular gyroscopes; spatial reorientation of CO(2)J=76 rotors takes substantially longer than that for CO J=29 rotors, despite similarities in classical rotational period and rotational energy gap. High-resolution transient IR absorption measurements of the CO J=29-39 rotational states show that the collisional depopulation rates increase with J quantum number. C1 [Murray, Matthew J.; Ogden, Hannah M.; Toro, Carlos; Mullin, Amy S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Qingnan] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mullin, AS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mullin@umd.edu FU National Science Foundation, Division of Chemistry [1058721]; University of Maryland FX We gratefully acknowledge research support from the National Science Foundation, Division of Chemistry, Award 1058721 and from the University of Maryland. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 EI 1439-7641 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD NOV PY 2016 VL 17 IS 22 BP 3692 EP 3700 DI 10.1002/cphc.201600871 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA ED1SK UT WOS:000388625000014 PM 27712012 ER PT J AU Maison, BF Speicher, MS AF Maison, Bruce F. Speicher, Matthew S. TI Loading Protocols for ASCE 41 Backbone Curves SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID LINKS AB ASCE 41 is the industry standard for seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings. It allows for alternative component modeling and acceptance criteria based on a backbone curve constructed from envelopes of component hysteresis loops derived via experimental cyclic tests. ASCE 41-13 requires use of loading protocols having fully reversed cyclic loadings with increasing displacement levels. However, recent research summarized herein indicates the need for inclusion of different protocols that pay specific attention to behavior incipient to collapse. This view is supported by example building computer earthquake response simulations described herein. A generalized loading pattern derived from the simulations found relatively few drift excursions having one-direction bias, suggesting one-sided cyclic and/or monotonic tests may be better for describing building inelastic seismic demands. C1 [Speicher, Matthew S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Speicher, MS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD NOV PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 2513 EP 2532 DI 10.1193/010816EQS007EP PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA ED1SY UT WOS:000388626400027 ER PT J AU Babaro, JP West, KG Hamadani, BH AF Babaro, Juan P. West, Kevin G. Hamadani, Behrang H. TI Spectral response measurements of multijunction solar cells with low shunt resistance and breakdown voltages SO ENERGY SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multijunction solar cells; spectral response; shunt resistance; breakdown voltage ID QUANTUM EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENTS; MEASUREMENT ARTIFACTS; LIGHT BIAS; SUBCELLS AB Spectral response measurements of germanium-based triple-junction solar cells were performed under a variety of light and voltage bias conditions. Two of the three junctions exhibited voltage and light bias-dependent artifacts in their measured responses, complicating the true spectral response of these junctions. To obtain more insight into the observed phenomena, a set of current-voltage measurement combinations were also performed on the solar cells under identical illumination conditions, and the data were used in the context of a diode-based analytical model to calculate and predict the spectral response behavior of each junction as a function of voltage. The analysis revealed that both low shunt resistance and low breakdown voltages in two of the three junctions influenced the measured quantum efficiency of all three junctions. The data and the modeling suggest that combination of current-voltage measurements under various light bias sources can reveal important information about the spectral response behavior in multijunction solar cells. C1 [Babaro, Juan P.] Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind Fis & Metrol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [West, Kevin G.] SensorMetrix, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. [Hamadani, Behrang H.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hamadani, BH (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM behrang.hamadani@nist.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2050-0505 J9 ENERGY SCI ENG JI Energy Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 4 IS 6 BP 372 EP 382 DI 10.1002/ese3.141 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA ED1LA UT WOS:000388605700002 PM 28133534 ER PT J AU Garcia, A Warner, N D'Souza, NA Tuncer, E Nguyen, L Denison, M Fong, JT AF Garcia, Andres Warner, Nathan D'Souza, Nandika Anne Tuncer, Enis Luu Nguyen Denison, Marie Fong, Jeffrey T. TI Reliability of High-Voltage Molding Compounds: Particle Size, Curing Time, Sample Thickness, and Voltage Impact on Polarization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Design methodology; dielectric materials; dielectric polarization; reliability; thermally stimulated currents ID STIMULATED DEPOLARIZATION CURRENTS; EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION AB Reliability of dielectric composite materials (DCMs) is a multifaceted problem. Both high voltage and dimensional miniaturization decrease the path length for charge dissipation in the DCMs. This results in short life due to charge entrapment and uncontrolled release. The source of trapped charges in the DCM arises due to the intrinsic interfacial polarization in the filled system. From the compound perspective, at least four interacting variables are involved in determining relative reliability of DCMs: filler size, curing time, thickness, and polarization voltage magnitude. Experimental and data analysis of all four variables, with uncertainty propagated for each factor, is paramount to understanding behavior of each property and its interactions, shaping DCMs characteristics. Combining views from The Design of Experiments (Fisher, 1935), modern statistics (Hand, 2008), and analytical computer software (NIST Dataplot 2015) yields a free graphic user interface tool to optimize the design of compound mixtures to minimize the polarization for increased reliability. C1 [Garcia, Andres; Warner, Nathan; D'Souza, Nandika Anne] Univ North Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. [Garcia, Andres; Warner, Nathan; D'Souza, Nandika Anne] Univ North Texas, Dept Mech & Energy Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. [Tuncer, Enis; Luu Nguyen; Denison, Marie] Texas Instruments Inc, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. [Fong, Jeffrey T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP D'Souza, NA (reprint author), Univ North Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. EM andresgarcia3@my.unt.edu; NathanielWarner@my.unt.edu; ndsouza@unt.edu; e-tuncer@ti.com; Luu.Nguyen@ti.com; marie.denison@nianet.org; fong@nist.gov OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 FU SRC [2071.026] FX This work was supported in part by the SRC under Grant 2071.026. (Corresponding author: Nandika D'Souza). NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0046 EI 1557-9948 J9 IEEE T IND ELECTRON JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 63 IS 11 BP 7104 EP 7111 DI 10.1109/TIE.2016.2585467 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA ED1RH UT WOS:000388622100046 ER PT J AU Scherger, JD Evans, EA Dura, JA Foster, MD AF Scherger, Jacob D. Evans, Edward A. Dura, Joseph A. Foster, Mark D. TI Extending nanoscale spectroscopy with titanium nitride probes SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; titanium nitride; robust plasmonics; alternative plasmonic materials; chemical sensing ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; IDENTIFICATION; SCATTERING; STABILITY; SILICON; TERS AB We present a means of controlling the stoichiometry of titanium nitride (TiN) coatings on probes for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements made using sputtering so that outstanding enhancements can be obtained. This provides a more robust alternative to gold-coated tips that also has potential for tuning the plasmon resonance and working in new environments. Proof of concept measurements on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) thin films demonstrate increases in the observed intensity with contrast values up to 3.1. TiN is mechanically, chemically, and thermally robust. When deposited under appropriate conditions it has optical properties, including a plasmon resonance, very similar to those of gold. However, the spontaneous formation of a surface TiNxOy layer with relatively high values of y has prevented attaining enhancements in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy beyond that provided by the lightning rod effect. Depositing a thin layer of aluminum to forma passivating Al2O3 layer over the TiN plasmonic structure allows the stoichiometry achieved in the vacuum deposition to be maintained. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Scherger, Jacob D.; Foster, Mark D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Evans, Edward A.] Univ Akron, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Dura, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Foster, MD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM mfoster@uakron.edu RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X FU Defense University Research Instrumentation Program [W911NF-10-1-067] FX The authors would like to thank the Electronics Design Center at Case Western Reserve University for the use of its core facilities and gratefully acknowledge Dr. Bojie Wang for the help with SEM imaging. Research performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The authors also acknowledge Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (W911NF-10-1-067) for the provision of the AFM instrumentation. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0377-0486 EI 1097-4555 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1332 EP 1336 DI 10.1002/jrs.4959 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA ED7IH UT WOS:000389036100008 ER PT J AU Jin, Y Kotula, AP Walker, ARH Migler, KB Lee, YJ AF Jin, Ying Kotula, Anthony P. Walker, Angela R. Hight Migler, Kalman B. Lee, Young Jong TI Phase-specific Raman analysis of n-alkane melting by moving-window two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; moving window; two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy; n-alkane; phase transition ID WATER DIFFUSION; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; ROTATOR PHASE; X-RAY; POLYETHYLENE; TRANSITIONS; INTENSITIES; FREQUENCIES; SCATTERING; PARAFFINS AB We usemoving-window two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (MW-2DCOS) for phase-specific Raman analysis of the n-alkane (C21H44) during melting from the crystalline solid phase to the intermediate rotator phase and to the amorphous molten phase. In MW-2DCOS, individual peak-to-peak correlation analysis within a small subset of spectra provides both temperature-resolved and spectrally disentangled Raman assignments conducive to understanding phase-specific molecular interactions and chain configurations. We demonstrate that autocorrelation MW-2DCOS can determine the phase transition temperatures with a higher resolving power than commonly used analysis methods including individual peak intensity analysis or principal component analysis. Besides the enhanced temperature resolving power, we demonstrate that asynchronous 2DCOS near the orthorhombic-to-rotator transition temperature can spectrally resolve the two overlapping peaks embedded in the Raman CH2 twisting band in the orthorhombic phase, which had been only predicted but not observed because of thermal broadening near the melting temperature. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Jin, Ying; Lee, Young Jong] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kotula, Anthony P.; Migler, Kalman B.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, YJ (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM youngjong.lee@nist.gov RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001; Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU NIST Biomanufacturing Program FX The authors thank Charles Camp from NIST for his valuable comments on the manuscript. Ying Jin acknowledges the support from the NIST Biomanufacturing Program. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0377-0486 EI 1097-4555 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1375 EP 1384 DI 10.1002/jrs.4967 PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA ED7IH UT WOS:000389036100014 PM 28070140 ER PT J AU Davison, RJ Satterthwaite, WH AF Davison, Raziel J. Satterthwaite, William H. TI USE OF AGE- AND STAGE-STRUCTURED MATRIX MODELS TO PREDICT LIFE HISTORY SCHEDULES FOR SEMELPAROUS POPULATIONS SO NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING LA English DT Article DE Age at breeding; diversity; entropy; Leslie model; life expectancy; lifetime reproduction; variance; population; age at first reproduction; salmon ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CHINOOK SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; CENTRAL VALLEY; GROWTH-RATE; SURVIVAL; RIVER; SALAR; CONSERVATION AB Many studies of semelparous salmon populations use Leslie matrices that classify individuals on the basis of age alone and do not explicitly impose death upon reproduction. Although these models may suffice for studying long-term population dynamics (like asymptotic growth rate), they do not accurately represent the diversity of individual life history outcomes in semelparous populations. Cohorts breeding at different ages have different life history traits (e.g., age at first reproduction and remaining life expectancy) that are obscured in Leslie models and this distorts our understanding of life history diversity and its importance for semelparous population dynamics. We present a simple transformation that uses age-specific breeding probabilities to reconfigure Leslie matrices as explicitly semelparous models. Explicitly semelparous models conserve asymptotic measures like population growth rate, vital rate elasticities, life expectancy at birth, and generation time but also better predict life history schedules and reproductive values. Strictly age-classified Leslie models underestimate ages at first reproduction and mean ages at death for older breeders but overestimate mean ages at death for early breeders. Leslie models also slightly overestimate variance in lifetime reproductive success, and underestimate entropy exhibited by life history outcomes. C1 [Davison, Raziel J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Davison, Raziel J.; Satterthwaite, William H.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Davison, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM raziel.davison@gmail.com; Will.Satterthwaite@noaa.gov FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife's Ecosystem Restoration Program [E1183014] FX We thank Marc Mangel for his helpful suggestions and comments. Raziel Davison received support from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife's Ecosystem Restoration Program under agreement E1183014. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0890-8575 EI 1939-7445 J9 NAT RESOUR MODEL JI Nat. Resour. Model. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 29 IS 4 BP 538 EP 558 DI 10.1111/nrm.12109 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA EC0HD UT WOS:000387778900003 ER PT J AU Armstrong, DP Mineart, KP Lee, B Spontak, RJ AF Armstrong, Daniel P. Mineart, Kenneth P. Lee, Byeongdu Spontak, Richard J. TI Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomer Gels: Combining Polymer Crystallization and Microphase Separation in a Selective Solvent SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; DIELECTRIC ELASTOMERS; MULTIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; ORGANOGELS; PROPERTY; SYSTEMS AB Since selectively swollen thermoplastic elastomer gels (TPEGs) afford a wide range of beneficial properties that open new doors to developing elastomer-based technologies, we examine the unique structure property behavior of TPEGs composed of olefinic block copolymers (OBCs) in this study. Unlike their styrenic counterparts typically possessing two chemically different blocks, this class of multiblock copolymers consists of linear polyethylene hard blocks and poly(ethylene-co-alpha-octene) soft blocks, in which case, microphase separation between the hard and the soft blocks is accompanied by crystallization of the hard blocks. Here, we prepare olefinic TPEGs (OTPEGs) through the incorporation of a primarily aliphatic oil that selectively swells the soft block and investigate the resultant morphological features through the use of polarized light microscopy and small-/wide-angle X-ray scattering. These features are correlated with thermal and mechanical property measurements from calorimetry, rheology, and extensiometry to elucidate the roles of crystallization and self-assembly on gel characteristics and establish useful structure-property relationships. C1 [Armstrong, Daniel P.; Mineart, Kenneth P.; Spontak, Richard J.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Spontak, Richard J.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lee, Byeongdu] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mineart, Kenneth P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Spontak, RJ (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Spontak, RJ (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rich_spontak@ncsu.edu OI Mineart, Kenneth/0000-0003-2374-4670 FU Becton-Dickinson Technologies; Nonwovens Institute at North Carolina State University; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by Becton-Dickinson Technologies and the Nonwovens Institute at North Carolina State University. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1273 EP 1277 DI 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00677 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA EC5GJ UT WOS:000388161100017 ER PT J AU Hartwell, SI Apeti, DA Mason, AL Pait, AS AF Hartwell, S. Ian Apeti, Dennis A. Mason, Andrew L. Pait, Anthony S. TI An assessment of butyltins and metals in sediment cores from the St. Thomas East End Reserves, USVI SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Tributyltin; Metals; Sediment cores; Contamination; US Virgin Islands ID SHELF AB Tributyltin (TBT) concentrations near a marina complex in Benner Bay on St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands, were elevated relative to other areas in a larger study of the southeastern shore of the island. At the request of the USVI Coastal Zone Management Program, sediment cores and surface sediment samples were collected to better define the extent and history of TBT deposition in the vicinity of Benner Bay. The sediment cores were sectioned into 2-cm intervals and dated with Pb-210 and Cs-137. The core sections and the surface samples were analyzed for butyltins and 16 elements. Deposition rates varied from 0.07-5.0 mm/year, and were highest in the marina complex. Core ages ranged from 54 to 200 years. The bottoms of the cores contained shell hash, but the top layers all consisted of much finer material. Surface concentrations of TBT exceeded 2000 ng Sn/g (dry weight) at two locations. At a depth of 8 cm TBT exceeded 8800 ng Sn/g in the marina complex sediment. Based on the ratio of tributyltin to total butyltins, it appears that the marina sediments are the source of contamination of the surrounding area. There is evidence that vessels from neighboring islands may also be a source of fresh TBT. Copper concentrations increase over time up to the present. Gradients of virtually all metals and metalloids extended away from the marina complex. NOAA sediment quality guidelines were exceeded for As, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Hg. C1 [Hartwell, S. Ian; Apeti, Dennis A.; Mason, Andrew L.; Pait, Anthony S.] NOAA, Natl Status & Trends Program, 1305 East West Hwy SSMC4,N-SCI-1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hartwell, SI (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Status & Trends Program, 1305 East West Hwy SSMC4,N-SCI-1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ian.hartwell@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support from NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program for this project. We would also like to thank Jean-Pierre Oriol, Director of the Department of Planning and Natural Resources (DPNR) Division of Coastal Zone Management, Roy Pemberton, Director, and Stephen Hale of DPNR Division of Fish and Wildlife, and Tyler Smith of the University of the Virgin Islands. Larry Aubain of DPNR Division of Fish and Wildlife provided essential field support. We would also like to thank Sybille Sorrentino of Virgin Island Ecotours for providing a base of operations for our field work. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 188 IS 11 AR 642 DI 10.1007/s10661-016-5596-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EC5UL UT WOS:000388202300043 PM 27787748 ER PT J AU Hassan, AM Obrzut, J Garboczi, EJ AF Hassan, Ahmed M. Obrzut, Jan Garboczi, Edward J. TI A Q-Band Free-Space Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Composites SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Conducting nanocarbon composites; error correction; free-space measurement; microwave metrology; noncontact nondestructive measurements ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; CALIBRATION TECHNIQUE; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; MEASUREMENT SYSTEM; CONDUCTIVITY; SCATTERING; PARALLEL AB We present a free-space measurement technique for nondestructive noncontact electrical and dielectric characterization of nanocarbon composites in the Q-band frequency range of 30-50 GHz. The experimental system and error correction model accurately reconstruct the conductivity of composite materials that are either thicker than the wave penetration depth, and therefore exhibit negligible microwave transmission (less than -40 dB), or thinner than the wave penetration depth and, therefore, exhibit significant microwave transmission. This error correction model implements a fixed wave propagation distance between antennas and corrects the complex scattering parameters of the specimen from two references, an air slab having geometrical propagation length equal to that of the specimen under test, and a metallic conductor, such as an aluminum plate. Experimental results were validated by reconstructing the relative dielectric permittivity of known dielectric materials and then used to determine the conductivity of nanocarbon composite laminates. This error correction model can simplify routine characterization of thin conducting laminates to just one measurement of scattering parameters, making the method attractive for research, development, and for quality control in the manufacturing environment. C1 [Hassan, Ahmed M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Obrzut, Jan] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garboczi, Edward J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hassan, AM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM hassanam@umkc.edu; jan.obrzut@nist.gov; edward.garboczi@nist.gov OI Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712; Hassan, Ahmed/0000-0001-8842-1798 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Project "Carbon Nanocomposite Manufacturing: Processing, Properties, Performance"; NIST Project "Multi-Scale Computational Modeling of Carbon Nanostructure Composites" [70NANB15H285] FX This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Project "Carbon Nanocomposite Manufacturing: Processing, Properties, Performance" and in part by the NIST Project "Multi-Scale Computational Modeling of Carbon Nanostructure Composites" under Grant 70NANB15H285. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 64 IS 11 SI SI BP 3807 EP 3819 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2016.2603500 PN 2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA EC9ZD UT WOS:000388501900007 PM 28057959 ER PT J AU Houtz, DA Gu, DZ Walker, DK AF Houtz, Derek A. Gu, Dazhen Walker, David K. TI An Improved Two-Port Transmission Line Permittivity and Permeability Determination Method With Shorted Sample SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Dielectric measurements; microwave; permeability; permittivity; primary mode; resonance; waveguide ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; BAND AB A modified measurement technique and nonlinear least-squares solution method is introduced for determining complex permittivity and permeability in transmission lines. In addition to a two-port S-parameter measurement, a one-port measurement of the shorted sample is employed. For low-loss samples, material property determination using the traditional method can be plagued by resonances when the sample thickness is an integer multiple of the guided half-wavelength in the sample medium. The introduction of the shorted reflectivity measurement reduces the large uncertainties inherent in the resonance effect, and increases the likelihood of determining the correct zero in the fitting of the material properties. The short-circuited sample S-11 measurement has an increased magnitude compared with the standard two-port measurement, which greatly reduces the uncertainty of this term. The resulting complex permeability and permittivity values obtained with this method are smoother improved solutions, and have lower uncertainty. Results are presented comparing the traditional Nicolson-Ross-Weir solution and National Institute of Standards and Technology iterative method with the proposed technique for a cast epoxy and a ferrite-loaded microwave absorber sample in WR42 waveguide. We also investigate finite element simulated S-parameters of a fictional material and compare the derived material parameters obtained with the proposed method to the "true" permittivity and permeability values. C1 [Houtz, Derek A.; Gu, Dazhen; Walker, David K.] NIST, RF Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Houtz, DA (reprint author), NIST, RF Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM derek.houtz@nist.gov; dazhen.gu@nist.gov; david.walker@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 64 IS 11 SI SI BP 3820 EP 3827 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2016.2606389 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA EC9ZD UT WOS:000388501900008 ER PT J AU Williams, DF Chamberlin, RA Zhao, W Cheron, J Urteaga, ME AF Williams, Dylan F. Chamberlin, Richard A. Zhao, Wei Cheron, Jerome Urteaga, Miguel E. TI Transistor Model Verification Including Measurement Uncertainty SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Measurement uncertainty; microwave measurement; model verification; transistor model ID CALIBRATION AB We verified a model for state-of-the-art 250-nm heterojunction bipolar transistors with large-signal measurements. We demonstrated the propagation of correlated measurement uncertainties through the model extraction and verification processes and used them to quantify the differences observed in the measurements and models and the accuracy of the model parameters we extracted. C1 [Williams, Dylan F.; Chamberlin, Richard A.; Cheron, Jerome] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhao, Wei] Xidian Univ, Xian 710126, Peoples R China. [Urteaga, Miguel E.] Teledyne Sci, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dylan.williams@nist.gov; weizhao@xidian.edu.cn; miguel.urteaga@teledyne.com FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Terahertz Electronics Program; U.S. Government FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Terahertz Electronics Program and by the U.S. Government. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 64 IS 11 SI SI BP 3927 EP 3933 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2016.2602262 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA EC9ZD UT WOS:000388501900018 ER PT J AU Cho, C Lee, JG Hale, PD Jargon, JA Jeavons, P Schlager, JB Dienstfrey, A AF Cho, Chihyun Lee, Joo Gwang Hale, Paul D. Jargon, Jeffrey A. Jeavons, Peter Schlager, John B. Dienstfrey, Andrew TI Calibration of Time-Interleaved Errors in Digital Real-Time Oscilloscopes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Channel mismatch; digital oscilloscope; digital real-time oscilloscope (DRTO); real-time oscilloscope; time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADCs); time-interleaving error ID FREQUENCY-RESPONSE MISMATCH; A/D CONVERTERS; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEMS; ADCS AB A channel mismatch calibration method is proposed for use in time-interleaved digital real-time oscilloscope (DRTO) applications. Linear equations are derived using Fourier transforms of the separated signals from each of the time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADCs). Thus the errors in the TIADCs can be easily calibrated by inversion of a matrix, as opposed to most previous work where additional filters are employed. The calibration accuracy of the proposed method is limited only by the noise produced after the TIADC circuitry, while other methods depend on the filter design. A transfer function measurement method is then proposed for application to commercially available DRTOs. Two-tone signals are measured using DRTOs from various suppliers to validate the proposed method. The occurrence of signals at spurious frequencies is considerably reduced, as demonstrated by the calibrated results. C1 [Cho, Chihyun; Lee, Joo Gwang] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Ctr Electromagnet Wave, Daejeon 34113, South Korea. [Hale, Paul D.; Jargon, Jeffrey A.; Jeavons, Peter; Schlager, John B.; Dienstfrey, Andrew] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cho, C (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Ctr Electromagnet Wave, Daejeon 34113, South Korea. EM chihyun.cho@kriss.re.kr FU U.S. Department of Commerce; Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science as part of the "Development of Technologies for Next-Generation Electromagnetic Wave Measurement Standard" [15011014] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce and in part by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science as part of the "Development of Technologies for Next-Generation Electromagnetic Wave Measurement Standard" project under Grant 15011014. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 64 IS 11 SI SI BP 4071 EP 4079 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2016.2614928 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA EC9ZD UT WOS:000388501900033 ER PT J AU Hao, ZC Hao, FH Singh, VP Sun, AY Xia, YL AF Hao, Zengchao Hao, Fanghua Singh, Vijay P. Sun, Alexander Y. Xia, Youlong TI Probabilistic prediction of hydrologic drought using a conditional probability approach based on the meta-Gaussian model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drought prediction; Meta-Gaussian model; Conditional distribution; Copula; Hydrological drought ID GLOBAL METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT; AMERICAN MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; RIVER-BASIN; CLIMATE; INDEXES; SIMULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; RAINFALL; SYSTEM AB Prediction of drought plays an important role in drought preparedness and mitigation, especially because of large impacts of drought and increasing demand for water resources. An important aspect for improving drought prediction skills is the identification of drought predictability sources. In general, a drought originates from precipitation deficit and thus the antecedent meteorological drought may provide predictive information for other types of drought. In this study, a hydrological drought (represented by Standardized Runoff Index (SRI)) prediction method is proposed based on the meta-Gaussian model taking into account the persistence and its prior meteorological drought condition (represented by Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)). Considering the inherent nature of standardized drought indices, the meta-Gaussian model arises as a suitable model for constructing the joint distribution of multiple drought indices. Accordingly, the conditional distribution of hydrological drought can be derived analytically, which enables the probabilistic prediction of hydrological drought in the target period and uncertainty quantifications. Based on monthly precipitation and surface runoff of climate divisions of Texas, U.S., 1-month and 2-month lead predictions of hydrological drought are illustrated and compared to the prediction from Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP). Results, based on 10 climate divisions in Texas, show that the proposed meta-Gaussian model provides useful drought prediction information with performance depending on regions and seasons. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hao, Zengchao; Hao, Fanghua] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, Green Dev Inst, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Singh, Vijay P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. [Singh, Vijay P.] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX USA. [Sun, Alexander Y.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bureau Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Xia, Youlong] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. RP Hao, ZC (reprint author), 19 XinJieKouWai St, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM haozc@bnu.edu.cn RI Sun, Alexander/A-9959-2011 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41601014]; Youth Scholars Program of Beijing Normal University [2015NT02] FX This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. 41601014) and Youth Scholars Program of Beijing Normal University (Grant No. 2015NT02). The authors are grateful to the Editors and reviewers for the valuable comments and suggestions. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 542 BP 772 EP 780 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.09.048 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EC6LU UT WOS:000388248400056 ER PT J AU Bayliss, MB Ruel, J Stubbs, CW Allen, SW Applegate, DE Ashby, MLN Bautz, M Benson, BA Bleem, LE Bocquet, S Brodwin, M Capasso, R Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Chiu, I Cho, HM Clocchiatti, A Crawford, TM Crites, AT de Haan, T Desai, S Dietrich, JP Dobbs, MA Doucouliagos, AN Foley, RJ Forman, WR Garmire, GP George, EM Gladders, MD Gonzalez, AH Gupta, N Halverson, NW Hlavacek-Larrondo, J Hoekstra, H Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Hou, Z Hrubes, JD Huang, N Jones, C Keisler, R Knox, L Lee, AT Leitch, EM von der Linden, A Luong-Van, D Mantz, A Marrone, DP McDonald, M McMahon, JJ Meyer, SS Mocanu, LM Mohr, JJ Murray, SS Padin, S Pryke, C Rapetti, D Reichardt, CL Rest, A Ruhl, JE Saliwanchik, BR Saro, A Sayre, JT Schaffer, KK Schrabback, T Shirokoff, E Song, J Spieler, HG Stalder, B Stanford, SA Staniszewski, Z Stark, AA Story, KT Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Vikhlinin, A Williamson, R Zenteno, A AF Bayliss, M. B. Ruel, J. Stubbs, C. W. Allen, S. W. Applegate, D. E. Ashby, M. L. N. Bautz, M. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Bocquet, S. Brodwin, M. Capasso, R. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Chiu, I. Cho, H-M. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Desai, S. Dietrich, J. P. Dobbs, M. A. Doucouliagos, A. N. Foley, R. J. Forman, W. R. Garmire, G. P. George, E. M. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Gupta, N. Halverson, N. W. Hlavacek-Larrondo, J. Hoekstra, H. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hou, Z. Hrubes, J. D. Huang, N. Jones, C. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. von der Linden, A. Luong-Van, D. Mantz, A. Marrone, D. P. McDonald, M. McMahon, J. J. Meyer, S. S. Mocanu, L. M. Mohr, J. J. Murray, S. S. Padin, S. Pryke, C. Rapetti, D. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Sayre, J. T. Schaffer, K. K. Schrabback, T. Shirokoff, E. Song, J. Spieler, H. G. Stalder, B. Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Story, K. T. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Vikhlinin, A. Williamson, R. Zenteno, A. TI SPT-GMOS: A GEMINI/GMOS-SOUTH SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF GALAXY CLUSTERS IN THE SPT-SZ SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: distances and redshifts; techniques: spectroscopic ID POLE TELESCOPE SURVEY; GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED GALAXY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; SIMILAR-TO 2; ZELDOVICH EFFECT SURVEY; REGION NEARBY SURVEY; 720 SQUARE DEGREES; GIANT ARCS SURVEY; GREATER-THAN 1 AB We present the results of SPT-GMOS, a spectroscopic survey with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) on Gemini South. The targets of SPT-GMOS are galaxy clusters identified in the SPT-SZ survey, a millimeter-wave survey of 2500 deg(2) of the southern sky using the South Pole Telescope (SPT). Multi-object spectroscopic observations of 62 SPT-selected galaxy clusters were performed between 2011 January and 2015 December, yielding spectra with radial velocity measurements for 2595 sources. We identify 2243 of these sources as galaxies, and 352 as stars. Of the galaxies, we identify 1579 as members of SPT-SZ galaxy clusters. The primary goal of these observations was to obtain spectra of cluster member galaxies to estimate cluster redshifts and velocity dispersions. We describe the full spectroscopic data set and resulting data products, including galaxy redshifts, cluster redshifts, and velocity dispersions, and measurements of several well-known spectral indices for each galaxy: the equivalent width, W, of [O II] lambda lambda 3727, 3729 and H-delta, and the 4000 angstrom break strength, D4000. We use the spectral indices to classify galaxies by spectral type (i.e., passive, post-starburst, star-forming), and we match the spectra against photometric catalogs to characterize spectroscopically observed cluster members as a function of brightness (relative to m*). Finally, we report several new measurements of redshifts for ten bright, strongly lensed background galaxies in the cores of eight galaxy clusters. Combining the SPT-GMOS data set with previous spectroscopic follow-up of SPT-SZ galaxy clusters results in spectroscopic measurements for >100 clusters, or similar to 20% of the full SPT-SZ sample. C1 [Bayliss, M. B.; Ruel, J.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bayliss, M. B.; Stubbs, C. W.; Ashby, M. L. N.; Forman, W. R.; Jones, C.; Murray, S. S.; Stalder, B.; Stark, A. A.; Vikhlinin, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bayliss, M. B.] Colby Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 5100 Mayflower Hill Dr, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. [Allen, S. W.; Keisler, R.; von der Linden, A.; Mantz, A.; Story, K. T.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Allen, S. W.; Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.; Keisler, R.; von der Linden, A.; Mantz, A.; Story, K. T.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Allen, S. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Applegate, D. E.; Schrabback, T.] Argelander Inst Astron, Hugel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Bautz, M.; McDonald, M.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Clocchiatti, A.; Crawford, T. M.; Gladders, M. D.; Leitch, E. M.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L. M.; Padin, S.; Shirokoff, E.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Bocquet, S.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Clocchiatti, A.; Crawford, T. M.; Gladders, M. D.; Hou, Z.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Mantz, A.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L. M.; Padin, S.; Rest, A.; Schaffer, K. K.; Shirokoff, E.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Clocchiatti, A.; Hou, Z.; Keisler, R.; Meyer, S. S.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Bocquet, S.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Aty 8rgonne, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bocquet, S.; Capasso, R.; Chiu, I.; Clocchiatti, A.; Dietrich, J. P.; Gupta, N.; Mohr, J. J.; Rapetti, D.; Saro, A.] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Fac Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Bocquet, S.; Capasso, R.; Chiu, I.; Dietrich, J. P.; Gupta, N.; Mohr, J. J.; Rapetti, D.; Saro, A.] Excellence Cluster Univ, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Brodwin, M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, 5110 Rockhill Rd, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Meyer, S. S.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Cho, H-M.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Clocchiatti, A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrosifis, Santiago, Region Metropol, Chile. [Crites, A. T.; Padin, S.; Williamson, R.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [de Haan, T.; George, E. M.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Huang, N.; Lee, A. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M. A.; Holder, G. P.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Dobbs, M. A.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, CIFAR Program Cosmol & Grav, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Doucouliagos, A. N.; Reichardt, C. L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Vieira, J. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Vieira, J. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Garmire, G. P.] Huntingdon Inst Xray Astron LLC, Huntingdon, PA USA. [George, E. M.; Mohr, J. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterrestrial Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Gonzalez, A. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Halverson, N. W.; Sayre, J. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.; Sayre, J. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3T 1J4, Canada. [Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hoekstra, H.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands. [Hrubes, J. D.; Luong-Van, D.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Knox, L.; Stanford, S. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, A. T.; Spieler, H. G.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [von der Linden, A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [von der Linden, A.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Marrone, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McMahon, J. J.; Song, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Rest, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ruhl, J. E.; Saliwanchik, B. R.; Staniszewski, Z.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Educ & Res Cosmol & Astrophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Schaffer, K. K.] Sch Art Inst Chicago, Liberal Arts Dept, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Song, J.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Daejeon 305348, South Korea. [Stanford, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Zenteno, A.] Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. [Desai, S.] IIT Hyderabad, Dept Phys, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India. [Foley, R. J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Bayliss, MB (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Bayliss, MB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Bayliss, MB (reprint author), Colby Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 5100 Mayflower Hill Dr, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. EM mbbayliss@cfa.harvard.edu OI Bocquet, Sebastian/0000-0002-4900-805X; Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996 FU National Science Foundation [AST-1009012, PHY-1125897]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF 947]; NSF [AST-1009649, MRI-0723073]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; United States Department of Energy; NASA through Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-GO-13412.004-A]; NASA [NAS 5-26555]; [GS-2011A-C-03]; [GS-2011A-C-04]; [GS-2011B-C-06]; [GS-2011B-C-33]; [GS-2012A-Q-04]; [GS-2012A-Q-37]; [GS-2012B-Q-29]; [GS-2012B-Q-59]; [GS-2013A-Q-05]; [GS-2013A-Q-45]; [GS-2013B-Q-25]; [GS-2013B-Q-72]; [GS-2014B-Q-31]; [GS-2014B-Q-64]; [13412] FX We thank the anonymous referee for helpful and thoughtful feedback that improved this paper. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant AST-1009012. The South Pole Telescope is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant PLR-1248097. Partial support was also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-1125897 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation grant GBMF 947. Galaxy cluster research at SAO is supported in part by NSF grants AST-1009649 and MRI-0723073. R.J.F. gratefully acknowledges support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Argonne National Laboratory work was supported under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. BB is supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. Support for program #HST-GO-13412.004-A was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.; The data presented here were taken with the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: The United States, Canada, Chile, Australia, Brazil, and Argentina. Gemini data used in this work was taken as a part of the following Gemini programs: GS-2011A-C-03, GS-2011A-C-04, GS-2011B-C-06, GS-2011B-C-33, GS-2012A-Q-04, GS-2012A-Q-37, GS-2012B-Q-29, GS-2012B-Q-59, GS-2013A-Q-05, GS-2013A-Q-45, GS-2013B-Q-25, GS-2013B-Q-72, GS-2014B-Q-31, and GS-2014B-Q-64. Additional supporting data were obtained with the 6.5m Magellan Telescopes, which are located at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. This work is also partly based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the Data Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555; these observations are associated with program #13412. NR 111 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 227 IS 1 AR 3 DI 10.3847/0067-0049/227/1/3 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EC5VO UT WOS:000388205600002 ER PT J AU Hu, QN Aboustait, M Kim, T Ley, MT Bullard, JW Scherer, G Hanan, JC Rose, V Winarski, R Gelb, J AF Hu, Qinang Aboustait, Mohammed Kim, Taehwan Ley, M. Tyler Bullard, Jeffrey W. Scherer, George Hanan, Jay C. Rose, Volker Winarski, Robert Gelb, Jeffrey TI Direct measurements of 3d structure, chemistry and mass density during the induction period of C(3)s hydration SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Induction period; C3S hydration; C-S-H; Microstructure; Nanoscale ID TRICALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATION; RAY COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS; C-S-H; PORTLAND-CEMENT; FLY-ASH; DISSOLUTION; CALCIUM; MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION AB The reasons for the start and end of the induction period of cement hydration remain a topic of controversy. One long-standing hypothesis is that a thin metastable hydrate forming on the surface of cement grains significantly reduces the particle dissolution rate; the eventual disappearance of this layer re-establishes higher dissolution rates at the beginning of the acceleration period. However, the importance, or even the existence, of this metastable layer has been questioned because it cannot be directly detected in most experiments. In this work a combined analysis using nano-tomography and nano-X-ray fluorescence makes the direct imaging of early hydration products possible. These novel X-ray imaging techniques provide quantitative measurements of 3D structure, chemical composition, and mass density of the hydration products during the induction period. This work does not observe a low density product on the surface of the particle, but does provide insights into the formation of etch pits and the subsequent hydration products that fill them. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Qinang; Aboustait, Mohammed; Ley, M. Tyler] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Kim, Taehwan] Univ New South Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Bullard, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Scherer, George] Princeton Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hanan, Jay C.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tulsa, OK 74106 USA. [Rose, Volker] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Winarski, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gelb, Jeffrey] Carl Zeiss Xray Microscopy, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. RP Ley, MT (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM tyler.ley@okstate.edu RI Rose, Volker/B-1103-2008; OI Rose, Volker/0000-0002-9027-1052; Kim, Taehwan/0000-0003-4371-7178 FU Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Exploratory Advanced Research (EAR) program [DTFH61-12-H-00003]; United State National Science Foundation CMMI CAREER Award [1150404]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was sponsored by funding from Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Exploratory Advanced Research (EAR) program award # DTFH61-12-H-00003 and funding from the United State National Science Foundation CMMI 1150404 CAREER Award. We thank our collaborators, George Scherer (Princeton University), Brad Chmelka (University of California, Santa Barbara), Andreas Lange and Rolf Arvidson (University of Bremen), Denise Silva and Josephine Cheung (W.R. Grace) and Larry Robert (Roberts Consulting), for their insightful advice on this work. The XRD and ICP-OES measurements were made at W.R. Grace by Jeffrey Nicolich.; Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials and the Advanced Photon Source were supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 EI 1873-3948 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 89 BP 14 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.07.008 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA EC3VU UT WOS:000388056000002 ER PT J AU Naman, SM Greene, CM Rice, CA Chamberlin, J Conway-Cranos, L Cordell, JR Hall, JE Rhodes, LD AF Naman, Sean M. Greene, Correigh M. Rice, Casimir A. Chamberlin, Joshua Conway-Cranos, Letitia Cordell, Jeffery R. Hall, Jason E. Rhodes, Linda D. TI Stable isotope-based trophic structure of pelagic fish and jellyfish across natural and anthropogenic landscape gradients in a fjord estuary SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE fish; food webs; jellyfish; Puget Sound; stable isotopes; trophic structure ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; PUGET-SOUND; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; ORGANIC-MATTER; FORAGE FISH; ECOSYSTEM; VARIABILITY; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY AB Identifying causes of structural ecosystem shifts often requires understanding trophic structure, an important determinant of energy flow in ecological communities. In coastal pelagic ecosystems worldwide, increasing jellyfish (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) at the expense of small fish has been linked to anthropogenic alteration of basal trophic pathways. However, this hypothesis remains untested in part because baseline description of fish-jellyfish trophic dynamics, and the environmental features that influence them are lacking. Using stable isotopes of carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15), we examined spatiotemporal patterns of fish and jellyfish trophic structure in greater Puget Sound, an urbanizing fjord estuary in the NW United States. We quantified niche positions of constituent species, niche widths and trophic overlap between fish and jellyfish assemblages, and several community-level trophic diversity metrics (resource diversity, trophic length, and niche widths) of fish and jellyfish combined. We then related assemblage- and community-level measures to landscape gradients of terrestrial-marine connectivity and anthropogenic influence in adjacent catchments. Relative niche positions among species varied considerably and displayed no clear pattern except that fish generally had higher delta N-15 and lower delta C-13 relative to jellyfish, which resulted in low assemblage-level trophic overlap. Fish assemblages had larger niche widths than jellyfish in most cases and, along with whole community trophic diversity, exhibited contrasting seasonal patterns across oceanographic basins, which was positively correlated to landscape variation in terrestrial connectivity. In contrast, jellyfish niche widths were unrelated to terrestrial connectivity, but weakly negatively correlated to urban land use in adjacent catchments. Our results indicate that fish-jellyfish trophic structure is highly heterogeneous and that disparate processes may underlie the trophic ecology of these taxa; consequently, they may respond divergently to environmental change. In addition, spatiotemporal variation in ecosystem connectivity, in this case through freshwater influence, may influence trophic structure across heterogeneous landscapes. C1 [Naman, Sean M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Greene, Correigh M.; Chamberlin, Joshua; Conway-Cranos, Letitia; Hall, Jason E.; Rhodes, Linda D.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Rice, Casimir A.] NOAA Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, Mukilteo, WA USA. [Cordell, Jeffery R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA USA. [Conway-Cranos, Letitia] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Habitat Program, Olympia, WA USA. RP Naman, SM (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada. EM naman@zoology.ubc.ca FU US EPA National Estuary Program [EPA DW-13-923-278-01] FX US EPA National Estuary Program. EPA DW-13-923-278-01 NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 6 IS 22 BP 8159 EP 8173 DI 10.1002/ece3.2450 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EB8TR UT WOS:000387664500021 PM 27878085 ER PT J AU Brodeur, RD Link, JS Smith, BE Ford, MD Kobayashi, DR Jones, TT AF Brodeur, Richard D. Link, Jason S. Smith, B. E. Ford, M. D. Kobayashi, D. R. Jones, T. T. TI Ecological and Economic Consequences of Ignoring Jellyfish: A Plea for Increased Monitoring of Ecosystems SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTH-SEA; BERING-SEA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GLOBAL OSCILLATIONS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; FORAGE FISH; FISHERIES; BLOOMS; SCYPHOMEDUSAE AB Gelatinous zooplankton can dominate the dynamics of marine ecosystems; can have major ecological, social, and economic impacts; are often indicative of broader ecosystem perturbations; and are increasingly being harvested by humans. Yet fisheries scientists typically do not monitor these taxa on a regular basis, despite the existence of clear rationales and even mandated authorizations to do so. Notably, the costs of monitoring jellyfish during regular fisheries research cruises would be a small increase over the cost of running a large fishery survey and a small fraction of the costs caused by impacts from these taxa. As ecosystems experience increasing pressures from climate change and fisheries, we recommend considering routine monitoring before some future jellyfish-associated crisis arises. El plancton gelatinoso puede determinar la dinamica de los ecosistemas marinos; este tiene fuertes impactos ecologicos, sociales y economicos y en ciertas ocasiones es indicativo de perturbaciones a nivel ecosistema; y esta siendo explotado cada vez con mas intensidad. Los cientificos pesqueros no monitorean estos taxa de forma regular pese a que existen relaciones claras, e incluso autorizaciones obligatorias, para hacerlo. Es de hacer notar que los costos asociados al monitoreo de medusas durante los cruceros pesqueros tipicos, representarian un incremento marginal con respecto al costo de un crucero para una pesqueria importante y apenas una fraccion en cuanto a los costos de los impactos ocasionados por estos taxa. A medida que los ecosistemas experimentan presiones crecientes por el cambio climatico y las pesquerias, se recomienda considerar un monitoreo rutinario antes de que se avecine una crisis relacionada con las medusas. Le zooplancton gelatineux peut dominer la dynamique des ecosystemes marins; avoir des impacts ecologiques, sociaux et economiques ; est souvent revelateur de perturbations d'ecosystemes plus vastes ; et est de plus en plus exploite par l'homme. Pourtant, les scientifiques de la peche ne surveillent generalement pas ces taxons regulierement, en depit de l'existence de justifications claires et meme, d'autorisations mandatees pour le faire. Notamment, les couts de la surveillance des meduses au cours des campagnes de recherche halieutique regulieres representeraient une petite augmentation par rapport au cout de l'execution d'une enquete a grande echelle et une petite fraction des couts causes par les impacts de ces taxons. Comme les ecosystemes font face a des pressions croissantes exercees par le changement climatique et la peche, nous recommandons de considerer la surveillance de routine avant qu'une crise associee a la meduse ne survienne. C1 [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2030 South Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Link, Jason S.] NOAA Fisheries, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Smith, B. E.] NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ford, M. D.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kobayashi, D. R.; Jones, T. T.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2030 South Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Rick.Brodeur@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries; North Pacific Research Board FX The authors were supported by NOAA Fisheries for this work. Richard D. Brodeur was funded by the North Pacific Research Board. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2016 VL 41 IS 11 BP 630 EP 637 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1232964 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EC2HH UT WOS:000387930300004 ER PT J AU Laplante, N Laplante, PA Voas, J AF Laplante, Nancy Laplante, Phillip A. Voas, Jeffrey TI Caring An Undiscovered "Super -ility" of Smart Healthcare SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Laplante, Nancy] Widener Univ, Nursing, Chester, PA 19013 USA. [Laplante, Phillip A.] Penn State Univ, Software & Syst Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Voas, Jeffrey] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Voas, Jeffrey] Cigital, Dulles, VA USA. RP Laplante, N (reprint author), Widener Univ, Nursing, Chester, PA 19013 USA. EM nllaplante@mail.widener.edu; plaplante@psu.edu; j.voas@ieee.org NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 EI 1937-4194 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 33 IS 6 BP 16 EP 19 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA EC1VF UT WOS:000387895500004 PM 28133414 ER PT J AU Bell, IH Lemmon, EW AF Bell, Ian H. Lemmon, Eric W. TI Automatic Fitting of Binary Interaction Parameters for Multi-fluid Helmholtz-Energy-Explicit Mixture Models SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; GASES; STATE; PURE AB In the highest-accuracy mixture models available today, these being the multi-fluid Helmholtz-energy explicit formulations, there are a number of binary interaction parameters that must be obtained through correlation or estimation schemes. These binary interaction parameters are used to shape the thermodynamic surface and yield higher fidelity predictions of various thermodynamic properties including vapor-liquid equilibria and homogeneous p-v-T data, among others. In this work, we have used a novel and entirely automatic evolutionary optimization algorithm written in the python programming language to fit the two most important interaction parameters for more than 1100 binary mixtures. This fitting algorithm can be run on multiple processors in parallel, resulting in a reasonable total running time for this large set of binary mixtures. For more than 830 of the binary pairs, the median absolute relative error in bubble-point pressure is less than 5%. The source code for the fitter is provided as supplemental data, as well as the entire set of binary interaction parameters obtained and comparisons with the best experimental vapor-liquid-equilibrium data that are available. C1 [Bell, Ian H.; Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bell, IH; Lemmon, EW (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ian.bell@nist.gov; eric.lemmon@nist.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD NOV PY 2016 VL 61 IS 11 BP 3752 EP 3760 DI 10.1021/acs.jced.6b00257 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA EB9SW UT WOS:000387738400007 ER PT J AU Kabo, GJ Paulechka, E Blokhin, AV Voitkevich, OV Liavitskaya, T Kabo, AG AF Kabo, Gennady J. Paulechka, Euzene Blokhin, Andrey V. Voitkevich, Olga V. Liavitskaya, Tatsiana Kabo, Andrey G. TI Thermodynamic Properties and Similarity of Stacked-Cup Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes and Graphite SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE SPECIFIC-HEAT; STANDARD ENTHALPIES; CAPACITY; COMBUSTION; NAPHTHALENE; PHENANTHRENE; CALORIMETRY; ANTHRACENE; DIAMOND; GROWTH AB The heat capacity of stacked-cup multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was measured in an adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range of (5 to 370) K. Results are compared with literature data on various samples of CNTs and other carbon allotropes. The relatively large scatter of the heat capatity data for CNTs is discussed. The energy of combustion for MWCNTs was determined by combustion calorimetry, and the enthalpy of formation was found to be Delta H-f degrees(m), = (0.6 +/- 0.9) kJ.mol(-1). It is demonstrated that the thermodynamic properties of MWCNTs at T > 200 K are close to those of graphite. Equilibria of the synthesis of MWCNTs were considered. C1 [Kabo, Gennady J.; Paulechka, Euzene; Blokhin, Andrey V.; Voitkevich, Olga V.; Liavitskaya, Tatsiana; Kabo, Andrey G.] Belarusian State Univ, Fac Chem, Leningradskaya 14, Minsk 220030, Byelarus. [Kabo, Gennady J.; Paulechka, Euzene; Blokhin, Andrey V.; Voitkevich, Olga V.; Liavitskaya, Tatsiana; Kabo, Andrey G.] Belarusian State Univ, Res Inst Phys Chem Problems, Leningradskaya 14, Minsk 220030, Byelarus. [Paulechka, Euzene] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Liavitskaya, Tatsiana] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Paulechka, E (reprint author), Belarusian State Univ, Fac Chem, Leningradskaya 14, Minsk 220030, Byelarus.; Paulechka, E (reprint author), Belarusian State Univ, Res Inst Phys Chem Problems, Leningradskaya 14, Minsk 220030, Byelarus.; Paulechka, E (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yauheni.paulechka@nist.gov NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD NOV PY 2016 VL 61 IS 11 BP 3849 EP 3857 DI 10.1021/acs.jced.6b00525 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA EB9SW UT WOS:000387738400017 ER PT J AU Cha, Y Alameddine, I Qian, SS Stow, CA AF Cha, YoonKyung Alameddine, Ibrahim Qian, Song S. Stow, Craig A. TI A cross-scale view of N and P limitation using a Bayesian hierarchical model SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID WATER-MARINE CONTINUUM; NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; NORTH-CAROLINA; FRESH-WATER; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TOTAL NITROGEN; INLAND WATERS; CHLOROPHYLL-A; SAGINAW BAY AB We propose a bivariate Bayesian hierarchical model (BBHM), which adds a perspective on a century-long subject of research, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics in freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems. The BBHM is differentiated from existing approaches by modeling multiple aspects of N-P relationships?N and P concentration variability, ratio, and correlation?simultaneously, allowing these aspects to vary by seasonal and/or spatial components. The BBHM is applied to three aquatic systems, Finnish Lakes, Saginaw Bay, and the Neuse Estuary, which exhibit differing landscapes and complexity of nutrient dynamics. Our model reveals N and P dynamics that are critical to inferring unknown N and P distributions for the overall system as well as for within system variability. For Finnish lakes, strong positive within- and among-lake N and P correlations indicate that the rates of N and P biogeochemical cycles are closely coupled during summer across the different lake categories. In contrast, seasonal decoupling between N and P cycles in Saginaw Bay is evidenced by the large variability in monthly correlations and the seasonal changes in the N distribution. The results underscore the pivotal role that dreissenids have had on the cycling of nutrients and resurgence of eutrophication. The presence of clear seasonality and a spatial gradient in the distributions and N and P in the Neuse Estuary suggest that riverine N input is an important source in the season-space N dynamics, while summer sediment release is a major process regulating seasonal P distribution. C1 [Cha, YoonKyung] Univ Seoul, Sch Environm Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Alameddine, Ibrahim] Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Beirut, Lebanon. [Qian, Song S.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Alameddine, I (reprint author), Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Beirut, Lebanon. EM ia04@aub.edu.lb FU NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (NOAA GLERL) [1823] FX The authors thank Dr. Hans Paerl at the Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Dr. Olli Malve at the Finnish Environment Institute for providing the data for the Neuse River Estuary and the Finnish lakes respectively. This work was supported by NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (NOAA GLERL contribution number 1823). NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 61 IS 6 BP 2276 EP 2285 DI 10.1002/lno.10375 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EB9WX UT WOS:000387749500023 ER PT J AU Devlin-Durante, MK Miller, MW Precht, WF Baums, IB AF Devlin-Durante, M. K. Miller, M. W. Precht, W. F. Baums, I. B. CA Caribbean Acropora Res Grp TI How old are you? Genet age estimates in a clonal animal SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clonal; longevity; microsatellite; population dynamics; somatic mutations ID CORAL ACROPORA-PALMATA; REEF-BUILDING CORALS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SOMATIC MUTATIONS; CARIBBEAN CORAL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; GENUS ACROPORA; GROWTH-RATES; EVOLUTION AB Foundation species such as redwoods, seagrasses and corals are often long-lived and clonal. Genets may consist of hundreds of members (ramets) and originated hundreds to thousands of years ago. As climate change and other stressors exert selection pressure on species, the demography of populations changes. Yet, because size does not indicate age in clonal organisms, demographic models are missing data necessary to predict the resilience of many foundation species. Here, we correlate somatic mutations with genet age of corals and provide the first, preliminary estimates of genet age in a colonial animal. We observed somatic mutations at five microsatellite loci in rangewide samples of the endangered coral, Acropora palmata (n = 3352). Colonies harboured 342 unique mutations in 147 genets. Genet age ranged from 30 to 838 years assuming a mutation rate of 1.195(-04) per locus per year based on colony growth rates and 236 to 6500 years assuming a mutation rate of 1.542(-05) per locus per year based on sea level changes to habitat availability. Long-lived A. palmata genets imply a large capacity to tolerate past environmental change, and yet recent mass mortality events in A. palmata suggest that capacity is now being frequently exceeded. C1 [Devlin-Durante, M. K.; Baums, I. B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Miller, M. W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Precht, W. F.] Dial Cordy & Associates, Marine & Coastal Programs, 90 Osceola Ave, Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250 USA. RP Baums, IB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM baums@psu.edu RI Baums, Iliana/G-6435-2010 OI Baums, Iliana/0000-0001-6463-7308 FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnologia [153260]; National Science Foundation [OCE 0928764, OCE-1516763]; NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service FX Field collection in Mexico was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnologia grant number 153260 (to ATB). Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation grants OCE 0928764 and OCE-1516763, and NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service to IB. Samples were obtained under permit numbers AN001, US107A, 0385, MH-HR-010-MEX, 3235 and 12US784243/g. NR 107 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 25 IS 22 BP 5628 EP 5646 DI 10.1111/mec.13865 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EB8RU UT WOS:000387659300004 PM 27671533 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Richardson, CJK Leavitt, RP Waks, E AF Kim, Je-Hyung Richardson, Christopher J. K. Leavitt, Richard P. Waks, Edo TI Two-Photon Interference from the Far-Field Emission of Chip-Integrated Cavity-Coupled Emitters SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Two-photon interference; single photon sources; quantum dots; cavity integration; photonic crystal ID SINGLE-PHOTON SOURCE; SOLID-STATE; QUANTUM TELEPORTATION; CIRCUITS; CRYSTAL; DOTS AB Interactions between solid-state quantum emitters and cavities are important for a broad range of applications in quantum communication, linear optical quantum computing, nonlinear photonics, and photonic quantum simulation. These applications often require combining many devices on a single chip with identical emission wavelengths in order to generate two-photon interference, the primary mechanism for achieving effective photon photon interactions. Such integration remains extremely challenging due to inhomogeneous broadening and fabrication errors that randomize the resonant frequencies of both the emitters and cavities. In this Letter, we demonstrate two-photon interference from independent cavity-coupled emitters on the same chip, providing a potential solution to this long-standing problem. We overcome spectral mismatch between different cavities due to fabrication errors by depositing and locally evaporating a thin layer of condensed nitrogen. We integrate optical heaters to tune individual dots within each cavity to the same resonance with better than 3 mu eV of precision. Combining these tuning methods, we demonstrate two-photon interference between two devices spaced by less than 15 mu m on the same chip with a postselected visibility of 33%, which is limited by timing resolution of the detectors and background. These results pave the way to integrate multiple quantum light sources on the same chip to develop quantum photonic devices. C1 [Kim, Je-Hyung; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, Je-Hyung; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Richardson, Christopher J. K.; Leavitt, Richard P.] Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Waks, Edo] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Waks, E (reprint author), NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM edowaks@umd.edu OI Kim, Je-Hyung/0000-0002-6894-9285 FU Laboratory for Telecommunication Sciences; DARPA QUINESS program [W31P4Q1410003]; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from the Laboratory for Telecommunication Sciences, the DARPA QUINESS program (Grant W31P4Q1410003), and the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 16 IS 11 BP 7061 EP 7066 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03295 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EB8ET UT WOS:000387625000051 PM 27749076 ER PT J AU Singh, S Fiddler, MN Bililign, S AF Singh, Sujeeta Fiddler, Marc N. Bililign, Solomon TI Measurement of size-dependent single scattering albedo of fresh biomass burning aerosols using the extinction-minus-scattering technique with a combination of cavity ring-down spectroscopy and nephelometry SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX REFRACTIVE-INDEX; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC AEROSOL; BROWN CARBON; BLACK CARBON; PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROMETER; COLLECTION EFFICIENCY; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SAFARI 2000 AB Biomass burning (BB) aerosols have a significant effect on regional climate, and represent a significant uncertainty in our understanding of climate change. Using a combination of cavity ring-down spectroscopy and integrating nephelometry, the single scattering albedo (SSA) and Angstrom absorption exponent (AAE) were measured for several North American biomass fuels. This was done for several particle diameters for the smoldering and flaming stage of white pine, red oak, and cedar combustion. Measurements were done over a wider wavelength range than any previous direct measurement of BB particles. While the offline sampling system used in this work shows promise, some changes in particle size distribution were observed, and a thorough evaluation of this method is required. The uncertainty of SSA was 6 %, with the truncation angle correction of the nephelometer being the largest contributor to error. While scattering and extinction did show wavelength dependence, SSA did not. SSA values ranged from 0.46 to 0.74, and were not uniformly greater for the smoldering stage than the flaming stage. SSA values changed with particle size, and not systematically so, suggesting the proportion of tar balls to fractal black carbon change with fuel type/state and particle size. SSA differences of 0.15-0.4 or greater can be attributed to fuel type or fuel state for fresh soot. AAE values were quite high (1.59-5.57), despite SSA being lower than is typically observed in wildfires. The SSA and AAE values in this work do not fit well with current schemes that relate these factors to the modified combustion efficiency of a burn. Combustion stage, particle size, fuel type, and fuel condition were found to have the most significant effects on the intrinsic optical properties of fresh soot, though additional factors influence aged soot. C1 [Singh, Sujeeta] North Carolina A&T State Univ, Energy & Environm Syst Dept, Greensboro, NC USA. [Fiddler, Marc N.; Bililign, Solomon] North Carolina A&T State Univ, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. [Bililign, Solomon] North Carolina A&T State Univ, NOAA ISET Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. RP Bililign, S (reprint author), North Carolina A&T State Univ, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA.; Bililign, S (reprint author), North Carolina A&T State Univ, NOAA ISET Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. EM bililignsol@gmail.com FU Department of Defense [W911NF-11-1-0188] FX This work is supported by the Department of Defense under grant no. W911NF-11-1-0188. We acknowledge the support from the Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering at NCA&T for the use of the imaging facilities. The authors also acknowledge the contribution of Damon Smith in collecting field samples. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 21 BP 13491 EP 13507 DI 10.5194/acp-16-13491-2016 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB1NF UT WOS:000387118600003 ER PT J AU Pope, RJ Richards, NAD Chipperfield, MP Moore, DP Monks, SA Arnold, SR Glatthor, N Kiefer, M Breider, TJ Harrison, JJ Remedios, JJ Warneke, C Roberts, JM Diskin, GS Huey, LG Wisthaler, A Apel, EC Bernath, PF Feng, WH AF Pope, Richard J. Richards, Nigel A. D. Chipperfield, Martyn P. Moore, David P. Monks, Sarah A. Arnold, Stephen R. Glatthor, Norbert Kiefer, Michael Breider, Tom J. Harrison, Jeremy J. Remedios, John J. Warneke, Carsten Roberts, James M. Diskin, Glenn S. Huey, Lewis G. Wisthaler, Armin Apel, Eric C. Bernath, Peter F. Feng, Wuhu TI Intercomparison and evaluation of satellite peroxyacetyl nitrate observations in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; REACTIVE NITROGEN; CLIMATE MODEL; PAN; OZONE; MIPAS; AEROSOL; INSTRUMENT; MULTIMODEL; RESOLUTION AB Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is an important chemical species in the troposphere as it aids the long-range transport of NOx and subsequent formation of O-3 in relatively clean remote regions. Over the past few decades observations from aircraft campaigns and surface sites have been used to better understand the regional distribution of PAN. However, recent measurements made by satellites allow for a global assessment of PAN in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS). In this study, we investigate global PAN distributions from two independent retrieval methodologies, based on measurements from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument, on board Envisat from the Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester (UoL). Retrieving PAN from MIPAS is challenging due to the weak signal in the measurements and contamination from other species. Therefore, we compare the two MIPAS datasets with observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS), in situ aircraft data and the 3-D chemical transport model TOMCAT. MIPAS shows peak UTLS PAN concentrations over the biomass burning regions (e.g. ranging from 150 to >200 pptv at 150 hPa) and during the summertime Asian monsoon as enhanced convection aids the vertical transport of PAN from the lower atmosphere. At 150 hPa, we find significant differences between the two MIPAS datasets in the tropics, where IMK PAN concentrations are larger by 50-100 pptv. Comparisons between MIPAS and ACE-FTS show better agreement with the UoL MIPAS PAN concentrations at 200 hPa, but with mixed results above this altitude. TOMCAT generally captures the magnitude and structure of climatological aircraft PAN profiles within the observational variability allowing it to be used to investigate the MIPAS PAN differences. TOMCAT-MIPAS comparisons show that the model is both positively (UoL) and negatively (IMK) biased against the satellite products. These results indicate that satellite PAN observations are able to detect realistic spatial variations in PAN in the UTLS, but further work is needed to resolve differences in existing retrievals to allow quantitative use of the products. C1 [Pope, Richard J.; Richards, Nigel A. D.; Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Arnold, Stephen R.; Feng, Wuhu] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Pope, Richard J.; Richards, Nigel A. D.; Chipperfield, Martyn P.] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Moore, David P.; Harrison, Jeremy J.; Remedios, John J.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester, Leics, England. [Moore, David P.; Harrison, Jeremy J.; Remedios, John J.] Univ Leicester, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leicester, Leics, England. [Monks, Sarah A.; Warneke, Carsten; Roberts, James M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Glatthor, Norbert; Kiefer, Michael] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Monks, Sarah A.; Warneke, Carsten] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Breider, Tom J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Diskin, Glenn S.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA USA. [Huey, Lewis G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. [Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Apel, Eric C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bernath, Peter F.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA USA. [Feng, Wuhu] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Pope, RJ (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.; Pope, RJ (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM r.j.pope@leeds.ac.uk RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; FENG, WUHU/B-8327-2008; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; FENG, WUHU/0000-0002-9907-9120; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; MONKS, SARAH/0000-0003-3474-027X FU NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO); Canadian Space Agency; Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP); Austrian Ministry for Transport FX This work was supported by the NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO). We are grateful to Paul Young (University of Lancaster) for supplying the TOMCAT isoprene scheme. We acknowledge the use of Emmons et al. (2000) aircraft climatology of atmospheric trace gases, which is available at https://www2.acom.ucar.edu/gcm/aircraft-climatology. We also thank the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Chemical Sciences Division for the ARCPAC CO aircraft data. The ACE mission is funded primarily by the Canadian Space Agency (http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/). PTR-MS measurements during ARCTAS were funded through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP). ASAP is sponsored by the Austrian Ministry for Transport and administered by the Aeronautics and Space Agency (ALR) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). Tomas Mikoviny is acknowledged for his support in the PTR-MS data acquisition and analysis. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 21 BP 13541 EP 13559 DI 10.5194/acp-16-13541-2016 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB1NF UT WOS:000387118600005 ER PT J AU Travis, KR Jacob, DJ Fisher, JA Kim, PS Marais, EA Zhu, L Yu, K Miller, CC Yantosca, RM Sulprizio, MP Thompson, AM Wennberg, PO Crounse, JD St Clair, JM Cohen, RC Laughner, JL Dibb, JE Hall, SR Ullmann, K Wolfe, GM Pollack, IB Peischl, J Neuman, JA Zhou, XL AF Travis, Katherine R. Jacob, Daniel J. Fisher, Jenny A. Kim, Patrick S. Marais, Eloise A. Zhu, Lei Yu, Karen Miller, Christopher C. Yantosca, Robert M. Sulprizio, Melissa P. Thompson, Anne M. Wennberg, Paul O. Crounse, John D. St Clair, Jason M. Cohen, Ronald C. Laughner, Joshua L. Dibb, Jack E. Hall, Samuel R. Ullmann, Kirk Wolfe, Glenn M. Pollack, Illana B. Peischl, Jeff Neuman, Jonathan A. Zhou, Xianliang TI Why do models overestimate surface ozone in the Southeast United States? SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; ISOPRENE OXIDATION; ORGANIC NITRATES; NITROGEN-OXIDES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; INTEGRATED ANALYSIS; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION AB Ozone pollution in the Southeast US involves complex chemistry driven by emissions of anthropogenic nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx = NO + NO2) and biogenic isoprene. Model estimates of surface ozone concentrations tend to be biased high in the region and this is of concern for designing effective emission control strategies to meet air quality standards. We use detailed chemical observations from the SEAC(4)RS aircraft campaign in August and September 2013, interpreted with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model at 0.25 degrees x 0.3125 degrees horizontal resolution, to better understand the factors controlling surface ozone in the Southeast US. We find that the National Emission Inventory (NEI) for NOx from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is too high. This finding is based on SEAC(4)RS observations of NOx and its oxidation products, surface network observations of nitrate wet deposition fluxes, and OMI satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns. Our results indicate that NEI NOx emissions from mobile and industrial sources must be reduced by 30-60 %, dependent on the assumption of the contribution by soil NOx emissions. Upper-tropospheric NO2 from lightning makes a large contribution to satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 that must be accounted for when using these data to estimate surface NOx emissions. We find that only half of isoprene oxidation proceeds by the high-NOx pathway to produce ozone; this fraction is only moderately sensitive to changes in NOx emissions because isoprene and NOx emissions are spatially segregated. GEOS- Chem with reduced NOx emissions provides an unbiased simulation of ozone observations from the aircraft and reproduces the observed ozone production efficiency in the boundary layer as derived from a regression of ozone and NOx oxidation products. However, the model is still biased high by 6 +/- 14 ppb relative to observed surface ozone in the Southeast US. Ozonesondes launched during midday hours show a 7 ppb ozone decrease from 1.5 km to the surface that GEOS- Chem does not capture. This bias may reflect a combination of excessive vertical mixing and net ozone production in the model boundary layer. C1 [Travis, Katherine R.; Jacob, Daniel J.; Marais, Eloise A.; Zhu, Lei; Yu, Karen; Miller, Christopher C.; Yantosca, Robert M.; Sulprizio, Melissa P.] Harvard Univ, Harvard John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jacob, Daniel J.; Kim, Patrick S.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fisher, Jenny A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Fisher, Jenny A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Thompson, Anne M.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.; Crounse, John D.; St Clair, Jason M.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cohen, Ronald C.; Laughner, Joshua L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dibb, Jack E.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hall, Samuel R.; Ullmann, Kirk] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Pollack, Illana B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Peischl, Jeff; Neuman, Jonathan A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Peischl, Jeff; Neuman, Jonathan A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Zhou, Xianliang] SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Zhou, Xianliang] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. RP Travis, KR (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ktravis@fas.harvard.edu RI Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691 FU NASA Earth Science Division; STAR Fellowship - US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [91761601-0]; University of Wollongong; Australian Government FX We are grateful to the entire NASA SEAC4RS team for their help in the field. We thank Tom Ryerson for his measurements of NO and NO2 from the NOAA NOyO3 instrument. We thank L. Gregory Huey for the use of his CIMS PAN measurements. We thank Fabien Paulot and Jingqiu Mao for their helpful discussions of isoprene chemistry. We thank Christoph Keller for his help in implementing the NEI11v1 emissions into GEOS-Chem. We acknowledge the EPA for providing the 2011 North American emission inventory and in particular George Pouliot for his help and advice. These emission inventories are intended for research purposes. A technical report describing the 2011 modeling platform can be found at https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-10/documents/nei2011v2_t sd_14aug2015.pdf. A description of the 2011 NEI can be found at https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/national-emissions-invento ry. This work was supported by the NASA Earth Science Division and by STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. 91761601-0 awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has not been formally reviewed by EPA. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors. JAF acknowledges support from a University of Wollongong Vice Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellowship. This research was undertaken with the assistance of resources provided at the NCI National Facility systems at the Australian National University through the National Computational Merit Allocation Scheme supported by the Australian Government. NR 98 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 20 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 21 BP 13561 EP 13577 DI 10.5194/acp-16-13561-2016 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB1NF UT WOS:000387118600006 ER PT J AU Kooijmans, LMJ Uitslag, NAM Zahniser, MS Nelson, DD Montzka, SA Chen, HL AF Kooijmans, Linda M. J. Uitslag, Nelly A. M. Zahniser, Mark S. Nelson, David D. Montzka, Stephen A. Chen, Huilin TI Continuous and high-precision atmospheric concentration measurements of COS, CO2, CO and H2O using a quantum cascade laser spectrometer (QCLS) SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CARBONYL SULFIDE COS; SPECTROSCOPY CRDS TECHNIQUE; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; NITROUS-OXIDE; HUMID AIR; DIOXIDE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EXCHANGE; METHANE; SYSTEM AB Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has been suggested as a useful tracer for gross primary production as it is taken up by plants in a similar way as CO2. To explore and verify the application of this novel tracer, it is highly desired to develop the ability to perform continuous and high-precision in situ atmospheric measurements of COS and CO2. In this study we have tested a quantum cascade laser spectrometer (QCLS) for its suitability to obtain accurate and highprecision measurements of COS and CO2. The instrument is capable of simultaneously measuring COS, CO2, CO and H2O after including a weak CO absorption line in the extended wavelength range. An optimal background and calibration strategy was developed based on laboratory tests to ensure accurate field measurements. We have derived water vapor correction factors based on a set of laboratory experiments and found that for COS the interference associated with a water absorption line can dominate over the effect of dilution. This interference can be solved mathematically by fitting the COS spectral line separately from the H2O spectral line. Furthermore, we improved the temperature stability of the QCLS by isolating it in an enclosed box and actively cooling its electronics with the same thermoelectric chiller used to cool the laser. The QCLS was deployed at the Lutjewad atmospheric monitoring station (60 m; 6 degrees 21'E, 53 degrees 24'N; 1ma.s.l.) in the Netherlands from July 2014 to April 2015. The QCLS measurements of independent working standards while deployed in the field showed a mean difference with the assigned cylinder value within 3.3 ppt COS, 0.05 ppm for CO2 and 1.7 ppb for CO over a period of 35 days. The different contributions to uncertainty in measurements of COS, CO2 and CO were summarized and the overall uncertainty was determined to be 7.5 ppt for COS, 0.23 ppm for CO2 and 3.3 ppb for CO for 1-minute data. A comparison of in situ QCLS measurements with those from concurrently filled flasks that were subsequently measured by the QCLS showed a difference of -9.7 +/- 4.6 ppt for COS. Comparison of the QCLS with a cavity ring-down spectrometer showed a difference of 0.12 +/- 0.77 ppm for CO2 and 0.9 +/- 3.8 ppb for CO. C1 [Kooijmans, Linda M. J.; Uitslag, Nelly A. M.; Chen, Huilin] Univ Groningen, Ctr isotope Res CIO, Groningen, Netherlands. [Zahniser, Mark S.; Nelson, David D.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Montzka, Stephen A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Chen, Huilin] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chen, HL (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Ctr isotope Res CIO, Groningen, Netherlands.; Chen, HL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM huilin.chen@rug.nl RI Chen, Huilin/J-9479-2012 OI Chen, Huilin/0000-0002-1573-6673 FU Dutch Sector Plan Physics FX We would like to thank B. A. M. Kers, M. de Vries, H. G. Jansen and H. A. Been for their help in preparing the system for installation in the field and for maintenance of the instrumentation in Lutjewad. We thank D. Paul for the valuable discussions and suggestions, H. A. Scheeren for providing the CO2 and CO calibrations of our working standards and J. J. Spriensma for her help in sorting out flask samples. We also acknowledge the preparation of gravimetric standards and working standards at NOAA by B. Hall and the technical assistance of C. Siso. Finally, we would like to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the Dutch Sector Plan Physics. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 11 BP 5293 EP 5314 DI 10.5194/amt-9-5293-2016 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB1MJ UT WOS:000387116100002 ER PT J AU Schantz, MM Powers, CD Schleicher, RL Betz, JM Wise, SA AF Schantz, Michele M. Powers, Carissa D. Schleicher, Rosemary L. Betz, Joseph M. Wise, Stephen A. TI Interlaboratory analytical comparison of fatty acid concentrations in serum or plasma SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Fatty acids; Serum; Plasma; Interlaboratory study; SRM 2378; SRM 1950 ID QUALITY-ASSURANCE PROGRAM; MEASUREMENT PERFORMANCE; ASSOCIATION; ADULTS; TIME AB Background: There are a large number of clinical studies focusing on the measurement of individual fatty acids in serum or plasma; however, few studies have focused on the interlaboratory comparisons of these measurements. The National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST), in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements (NIH-ODS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), has initiated a quality assurance program for assessing and improving the comparability of individual fatty acid measurements in serum and plasma. Methods: This is a performance-based study so participants are encouraged to use their laboratory's methods for the quantification of the individual fatty acids that they typically measure in the unknown serum or plasma samples along with a control material. The control materials used to date are SRM 1950 Metabolites in Human Plasma and SRM 2378 Fatty Acids in Frozen Human Serum. Results: To date, two studies of the Fatty Acid Quality Assurance Program (FAQAP) have been completed with 11 and 14 participants, respectively. The agreement among the laboratories for individual fatty acids was within 20% for 70% of the data submitted. Laboratories were also requested to run triplicate analyses for each unknown sample. The precision of the individual laboratory data was generally good, with relative standard deviations <20%. Conclusions: The results from the first two exercises indicate the need for additional assessment of the comparability among laboratories doing these measurements. Future studies will be conducted with the goals of increasing the number of participating laboratories, increasing awareness of the need to use control materials, and improving the comparability among laboratories. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schantz, Michele M.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Powers, Carissa D.; Schleicher, Rosemary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nutr Biomarkers Branch, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Betz, Joseph M.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Schantz, MM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Michele.schantz@nist.gov FU National Institutes of Health (NIH), Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) [AOD 14043-001] FX The financial support for these intercomparison exercises was provided by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (grant number AOD 14043-001), Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS). The time and effort of the analysts and management of the participating laboratories are gratefully acknowledged. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this report to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are the best available for the purpose. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views or positions of the CDC/Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry or the Department of Health and Human Services. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 EI 1873-3492 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 462 BP 148 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2016.09.013 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA EB2MB UT WOS:000387195400026 PM 27662814 ER PT J AU Eyring, V Gleckler, PJ Heinze, C Stouffer, RJ Taylor, KE Balaji, V Guilyardi, E Joussaume, S Kindermann, S Lawrence, BN Meehl, GA Righi, M Williams, DN AF Eyring, Veronika Gleckler, Peter J. Heinze, Christoph Stouffer, Ronald J. Taylor, Karl E. Balaji, V. Guilyardi, Eric Joussaume, Sylvie Kindermann, Stephan Lawrence, Bryan N. Meehl, Gerald A. Righi, Mattia Williams, Dean N. TI Towards improved and more routine Earth system model evaluation in CMIP SO EARTH SYSTEM DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODELS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; PERFORMANCE METRICS; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATIONS; PROJECTIONS; CIRCULATION; VALIDATION; CHALLENGES; ENSEMBLE AB The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) has successfully provided the climate community with a rich collection of simulation output from Earth system models (ESMs) that can be used to understand past climate changes and make projections and uncertainty estimates of the future. Confidence in ESMs can be gained because the models are based on physical principles and reproduce many important aspects of observed climate. More research is required to identify the processes that are most responsible for systematic biases and the magnitude and uncertainty of future projections so that more relevant performance tests can be developed. At the same time, there are many aspects of ESM evaluation that are well established and considered an essential part of systematic evaluation but have been implemented ad hoc with little community coordination. Given the diversity and complexity of ESM analysis, we argue that the CMIP community has reached a critical juncture at which many baseline aspects of model evaluation need to be performed much more efficiently and consistently. Here, we provide a perspective and viewpoint on how a more systematic, open, and rapid performance assessment of the large and diverse number of models that will participate in current and future phases of CMIP can be achieved, and announce our intention to implement such a system for CMIP6. Accomplishing this could also free up valuable resources as many scientists are frequently "re-inventing the wheel" by re-writing analysis routines for well-established analysis methods. A more systematic approach for the community would be to develop and apply evaluation tools that are based on the latest scientific knowledge and observational reference, are well suited for routine use, and provide a wide range of diagnostics and performance metrics that comprehensively characterize model behaviour as soon as the output is published to the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF). The CMIP infrastructure enforces data standards and conventions for model output and documentation accessible via the ESGF, additionally publishing observations (obs4MIPs) and reanalyses (ana4MIPs) for model intercomparison projects using the same data structure and organization as the ESM output. This largely facilitates routine evaluation of the ESMs, but to be able to process the data automatically alongside the ESGF, the infrastructure needs to be extended with processing capabilities at the ESGF data nodes where the evaluation tools can be executed on a routine basis. Efforts are already underway to develop community-based evaluation tools, and we encourage experts to provide additional diagnostic codes that would enhance this capability for CMIP. At the same time, we encourage the community to contribute observations and reanalyses for model evaluation to the obs4MIPs and ana4MIPs archives. The intention is to produce through the ESGF a widely accepted quasi-operational evaluation framework for CMIP6 that would routinely execute a series of standardized evaluation tasks. Over time, as this capability matures, we expect to produce an increasingly systematic characterization of models which, compared with early phases of CMIP, will more quickly and openly identify the strengths and weaknesses of the simulations. This will also reveal whether long-standing model errors remain evident in newer models and will assist modelling groups in improving their models. This framework will be designed to readily incorporate updates, including new observations and additional diagnostics and metrics as they become available from the research community. C1 [Eyring, Veronika; Righi, Mattia] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Gleckler, Peter J.; Taylor, Karl E.; Williams, Dean N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. [Heinze, Christoph] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Heinze, Christoph] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Heinze, Christoph] Uni Res Climate, Bergen, Norway. [Stouffer, Ronald J.; Balaji, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Balaji, V.] Princeton Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Guilyardi, Eric] UPMC, CNRS, Lab Oceanog & Climat, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France. [Guilyardi, Eric; Lawrence, Bryan N.] Univ Reading, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reading, Berks, England. [Joussaume, Sylvie] CNRS CEA UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Saclay, France. [Kindermann, Stephan] Deutsch Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany. [Lawrence, Bryan N.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Ctr Environm Data Anal, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Meehl, Gerald A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Eyring, V (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. EM veronika.eyring@dlr.de RI Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Righi, Mattia/0000-0003-3827-5950 FU European Commission [312979]; European Union [641816]; ExArch grant (NSF award) [1119308]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752]; National Science Foundation; Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the US Department of Energy's Office (DOE) of Biological & Environmental Research [DE-FC02-97ER62402]; DOE programme under Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was supported in part by the European Commission's 7th Framework Programme "InfraStructure for the European Network for Earth System Modelling Phase 2 (IS-ENES2)" project under grant agreement no. 312979. Veronika Eyring acknowledges additional funding received from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 641816 (CRESCENDO). V. Balaji acknowledges funding from an ExArch grant (NSF award 1119308) and support by the Cooperative Institute of Climate Science from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce (award NA08OAR4320752). Gerald A. Meehl acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation and from the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the US Department of Energy's Office (DOE) of Biological & Environmental Research (cooperative agreement no. DE-FC02-97ER62402). Karl E. Taylor and Peter J. Gleckler acknowledge support from the same DOE programme under Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory as a contribution to the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division, Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program, under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The authors thank all representatives of the climate science community who responded to the CMIP5 survey that formed much of the basis for this and an accompanying paper on scientific needs for CMIP6. We thank Ingo Bethke, Bjorn Brotz, Tony Del Genio, Larry Horowitz, Martin Juckes, John Krasting, and Bjorn Stevens for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, and Sebastien Denvil for many related discussions. Thanks to Luisa Sartorelli for her help with the figures and to Simon Read for helpful discussions and recommendations on the coupling of the evaluation tools to the ESGF. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP's) Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM), which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of any government agency or department. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2190-4979 EI 2190-4987 J9 EARTH SYST DYNAM JI Earth Syst. Dynam. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 4 BP 813 EP 830 DI 10.5194/esd-7-813-2016 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EB5YY UT WOS:000387458200002 ER PT J AU Stepanian, PM Horton, KG Melnikov, VM Zrnic, DS Gauthreaux, SA AF Stepanian, Phillip M. Horton, Kyle G. Melnikov, Valery M. Zrnic, Dusan S. Gauthreaux, Sidney A., Jr. TI Dual-polarization radar products for biological applications SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE aeroecology; NEXRAD; polarimetry; radar; remote sensing; WSR-88D ID FREE-TAILED BATS; WEATHER SURVEILLANCE RADARS; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; MIGRATING BIRDS; DOPPLER RADAR; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS; GREAT-LAKES; CLEAR-AIR; WSR-88D AB The upgrade of the national network of next-generation weather surveillance radars (NEXRAD) in the United States to dual polarizations has been completed, providing three additional routine data products: total differential phase (psi(DP)), differential reflectivity (Z(DR)), and copolar correlation coefficient (rho(HV)). The application and interpretation of these products in the context of aerial bird, bat, and insect movements is an actively developing research front, with potential implications for ecological and conservation studies. The following conceptually derives the definition of these products specifically for NEXRAD weather surveillance radars in the case of biological scatterers. Several cases are presented that illustrate characteristic values and variability of polarimetric quantities for birds and insects, and highlight site-specific differences within the NEXRAD network. Finally, a short prospectus of future directions and applications within the field of polarimetric radar aeroecology is outlined. C1 [Stepanian, Phillip M.; Horton, Kyle G.] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Stepanian, Phillip M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Horton, Kyle G.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Horton, Kyle G.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Melnikov, Valery M.; Zrnic, Dusan S.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Melnikov, Valery M.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gauthreaux, Sidney A., Jr.] Univ Illinois, Civil & Environm Engn, 205 North Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Stepanian, Phillip M.] Dept Agroecol, Radar Entomol Unit, Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. RP Stepanian, PM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Stepanian, PM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Stepanian, PM (reprint author), Dept Agroecol, Radar Entomol Unit, Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. EM phillip.stepanian@rothamsted.ac.uk FU Marshall Sherfield Fellowship; NSF [EF-1340921] FX This work was supported by the Marshall Sherfield Fellowship and NSF Grant EF-1340921. We would like to thank the University of Oklahoma Aeroecology Group, as well as the attendees of the radar ornithology workshop and symposium at the 2015 meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union and Cooper Ornithological Society, for their insightful discussions that strengthened this manuscript. Additionally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, and Charlotte Wainwright for her technical edits on this manuscript. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 AR e01539 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1539 PG 27 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2UI UT WOS:000387217700005 ER PT J AU Weinschenk, CG Overholt, KJ Madrzykowski, D AF Weinschenk, Craig G. Overholt, Kristopher J. Madrzykowski, Daniel TI Simulation of an Attic Fire in a Wood Frame Residential Structure, Chicago, IL SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LODD; FDS; CFD AB The fire dynamics simulator (FDS) fire model, which is developed and maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), was used to provide insight into the dynamics of a fire that occurred on November 2, 2012, within a 2 A1/2 story, single family structure in Chicago, IL, that resulted in the death of the captain of a fire department. The inputs for the FDS simulations are documented in this report and are based on the fire scenario, including the building geometry, interior furnishings, and ventilation conditions. The fire started in the attic and spread down through an opening into the enclosed porch on the rear of the structure. This resulted in ventilation limited (fuel rich) fire conditions in the attic and rear porch areas. Further spread of fire and hot gases from the attic downward into the second floor of the structure was limited by a closed steel-faced, wood-framed door. Note that there was no evidence of fire damage on the first floor of the structure. After exposure to the elevated temperatures and pressure from the fire in the porch area, the wood frame of the door decomposed, the steel faces of the door failed, and the door collapsed inward. The door failure resulted in the establishment of a flow path between the higher pressure and higher temperature conditions in the enclosed porch and the lower pressure and lower temperature conditions in the hallway and kitchen areas of the second floor. The temperature of the gases that flowed into the hallway exceeded 260A degrees C (500A degrees F) at a height of 1.86 m (6 ft). Unfortunately, a captain and firefighter were advancing a hose line in the hallway near the door at the time of the door failure. It appears that the captain was likely overcome by the rapid change in conditions before he could exit to the safety of the kitchen area. After a Mayday call, the captain was rescued from the structure, but later succumbed to his injuries. C1 [Weinschenk, Craig G.; Overholt, Kristopher J.; Madrzykowski, Daniel] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weinschenk, CG (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.weinschenk@nist.gov NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1629 EP 1658 DI 10.1007/s10694-015-0533-7 PG 30 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA EB1IY UT WOS:000387105200001 ER PT J AU Willi, JM Horn, GP Madrzykowski, D AF Willi, Joseph M. Horn, Gavin P. Madrzykowski, Daniel TI Characterizing a Firefighter's Immediate Thermal Environment in Live-Fire Training Scenarios SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Firefighters; Heat flux; Thermal environment; Thermal class; Live-fire training; Flashover simulator ID WARM ENVIRONMENTS; REHABILITATION; EXERCISE; TRIAL AB Detailed characterization of a firefighter's typical thermal exposures during live-fire training and responses can provide important insights into the risks faced and the necessary protections, protocols, and standards required. In order to gather data on representative thermal conditions from a firefighter's continually varying local environment in a live-fire training exercise, a portable heat flux and gas temperature measurement system was created, calibrated, and integrated into firefighter personal protective equipment (PPE). Data were collected from 25 live-fire training exposures during seven different types of scenarios. Based on the collected data, mild training environments generally exposed firefighters to temperatures around 50A degrees C and heat fluxes around 1 kW/m(2), while severe training conditions generally resulted in temperatures between 150A degrees C and 200A degrees C with heat fluxes between 3 kW/m(2) and 6 kW/m(2). For every scenario investigated, the heat flux data portrayed a more severe environment than the temperature data when interpreted using established thermal classes developed by the National Institute for Standards and Technology for electronic equipment used by first responders. Local temperatures from the portable measurement system were compared with temperatures measured by stationary thermocouples installed in the training structure for 14 different exposures. It was determined the stationary temperatures represented only a rough approximate bound of the actual temperature of the immediate training environment due to the typically coarse distribution of these sensors throughout the structure and their relative (fixed) distance from the fire sets. The portable thermal measurement system has provided new insights into the integration of electronic sensors with firefighter PPE and the conditions experienced by firefighters in live-fire training scenarios, which has promise to improve the safety and health of the fire service. C1 [Willi, Joseph M.; Horn, Gavin P.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Fire Serv Inst, 11 Gerty Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Willi, Joseph M.; Madrzykowski, Daniel] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Horn, GP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Illinois Fire Serv Inst, 11 Gerty Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM ghorn@illinois.edu FU NIST; Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program; Fire Protection Engineering programs at UIUC FX The authors would like to thank the Frankfort Fire Department and Brian Adcock for providing access to their training facility and their support in conducting the "flashover simulator'' scenarios. Thanks to NIST and its Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program for providing access to their laboratory facilities and to Roy McLane for his assistance with the laboratory experiments. Thanks to John Regan for his assistance with the live-fire training experiments. Finally, the authors would like to thank the University of Illinois Employees Credit Union for their continuing support of the Fire Protection Engineering programs at UIUC. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1667 EP 1696 DI 10.1007/s10694-015-0555-1 PG 30 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA EB1IY UT WOS:000387105200003 ER PT J AU Cleveland, M Borshuk, L Zook, J Salit, M Vallone, P AF Cleveland, M. Borshuk, L. Zook, J. Salit, M. Vallone, P. TI Targeted Sequencing Panels on Genome in a Bottle Benchmark Genomes SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 10-12, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 [Cleveland, M.; Borshuk, L.; Zook, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Salit, M.; Vallone, P.] NIST, Stanford, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-1578 EI 1943-7811 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 18 IS 6 MA G55 BP 949 EP 950 PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA EB2OF UT WOS:000387201000073 ER PT J AU Lincoln, S Truty, R Zook, J Funke, B Huang, C Dickens, J Yang, S Rosendorff, A Aradhya, S Park, J Salit, M Nussbaum, R AF Lincoln, S. Truty, R. Zook, J. Funke, B. Huang, C. Dickens, J. Yang, S. Rosendorff, A. Aradhya, S. Park, J. Salit, M. Nussbaum, R. TI Lions and Tigers and Bears, Oh My! Technically Challenging Pathogenic Variants are Prevalent and Require New Approaches to NGS Test Development and Validation SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 10-12, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 [Lincoln, S.; Truty, R.; Rosendorff, A.; Aradhya, S.; Nussbaum, R.] Invitae, San Francisco, CA USA. [Zook, J.; Salit, M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Funke, B.] Lab Mol Med, Boston, MA USA. [Funke, B.] Dept Pathol, Boston, MA USA. [Huang, C.; Dickens, J.; Yang, S.] Seracare Life Sci, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Park, J.] Univ Texas Southwestern Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-1578 EI 1943-7811 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 18 IS 6 MA I18 BP 990 EP 990 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA EB2OF UT WOS:000387201000238 ER PT J AU Houser, JL Bluestein, HB Snyder, JC AF Houser, Jana Lesak Bluestein, Howard B. Snyder, Jeffrey C. TI A Finescale Radar Examination of the Tornadic Debris Signature and Weak-Echo Reflectivity Band Associated with a Large, Violent Tornado SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEVERE CONVECTIVE STORMS; MOBILE DOPPLER RADAR; HIGH-RESOLUTION; X-BAND; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; SOUTH-DAKOTA; PHASED-ARRAY; DUAL-DOPPLER; EL RENO; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORMS AB High-resolution data of the tornadic debris signature (TDS) and weak-echo reflectivity band (WRB) associated with a large, violent tornado on 24 May 2011 in central Oklahoma are examined using a rapid-scan, X-band, polarimetric, mobile Doppler radar. Various characteristics of these features and their evolution are examined over time intervals of 20 s or less. The formation of the TDS, debris fallout, and inhomogeneities in the TDS structure, are analyzed from volumetric and single-elevation observations. Constant-radius vertical cross sections of Doppler velocity, reflectivity, and copolar cross-correlation coefficient are compared at various times during the tornado's life cycle; from them it is found that the weak echo column (WEC) is considerably narrower than the TDS and the WEC is confined to the strong gradient of Doppler velocities in the tornado's core. The TDS of the mature tornado extends radially outward, bound approximately by the 40m s(-1) radial isodop. Rapid-scan, near-surface data were collected for a period of 6min, during which 2-s single-elevation PPI updates at 18 were available at heights below 100mabove radar level. During this period, a WRB associated with a visually observed horizontal vortex developed east of the tornado, along the leading edge of the secondary rear-flank gust front, as the tornado was rapidly intensifying. A relationship was noted between reduced radar-observed reflectivity and increased radar-observed radial convergence/divergence in the vicinity of the horizontal vortex as it strengthened. This feature is qualitatively analyzed and hypotheses explaining its generation and structure are discussed. C1 [Houser, Jana Lesak] Ohio Univ, Dept Geog, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Bluestein, Howard B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Snyder, Jeffrey C.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Snyder, Jeffrey C.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Houser, JL (reprint author), Ohio Univ, 145 Clippinger, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM houserj@ohio.edu FU NSF [AGS-0821231, AGS-0934307]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX This work was supported by NSF Grants AGS-0821231 and AGS-0934307 awarded to the second author at the University of Oklahoma. Funding to support the third author was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors additionally acknowledge the contributions of the Advanced Radar Research Center led by Robert Palmer, and particularly John Meier for hardware and software support. David Dowell provided the objective analysis code. Patrick Skinner provided useful comments on an early draft of the manuscript. Finally, the authors thank three anonymous reviewers and Yvette Richardson for their valuable contributions, which improved the quality and accuracy of the manuscript. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 144 IS 11 BP 4101 EP 4130 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0408.1 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB4AS UT WOS:000387312000004 ER PT J AU Stechman, DM Rauber, RM McFarquhar, GM Jewett, BF Jorgensen, DP AF Stechman, Daniel M. Rauber, Robert M. McFarquhar, Greg M. Jewett, Brian F. Jorgensen, David P. TI Interaction of an Upper-Tropospheric Jet with a Squall Line Originating along a Cold Frontal Boundary SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; TRAILING STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; PACIFIC WARM POOL; MOMENTUM BUDGET; COORDINATE MODEL; NUMERICAL-MODEL; PART II; TRANSPORT; EVOLUTION; RADAR AB On 8 June 2003, an expansive squall line along a surface cold frontal boundary was sampled during the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment. The Naval Research Laboratory P-3 aircraft and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration P-3 aircraft simultaneously sampled the leading and trailing edge of this squall line, respectively, with X-band Doppler radars. Data from these two airborne radar systems have been synthesized to produce a pseudo-quad-Doppler analysis of the squall line, yielding a detailed three-dimensional kinematic analysis of its structure. A simulation of the squall line was carried out using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model to complement the pseudo-quad-Doppler analysis. The simulation employed a 3-km, convection-allowing, nested domain centered over the pseudo-quad-Doppler domain, along with a 9-km parent domain to capture the larger synoptic-scale cyclone. The pseudo-quad-Doppler analysis reveals that the convective line was embedded within the upper-tropospheric jet stream, causing local decelerations and deviations in the jet-level flow. The vertical transport of low momentum air from the boundary layer via convective updrafts is shown to significantly decelerate jet-level flow. Pressure perturbations associated with the intrusion of low momentum air into the jet stream-level flow led to deviation of the jet stream flow around the squall line that resulted in counter-rotating ribbons of vertical vorticity parallel to the squall line. Model results indicate that disturbances in the jet stream structure persisted downwind of the squall line for several hours. C1 [Stechman, Daniel M.; Rauber, Robert M.; McFarquhar, Greg M.; Jewett, Brian F.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jorgensen, David P.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Stechman, DM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM stechma2@illinois.edu FU NSF [AGS-1359098]; XSEDE [TG-ATM050014N] FX Funding for this research was provided to the University of Illinois by NSF Grant AGS-1359098. We acknowledge the participants of the BAMEX field campaign for data collection and archive. The WRF simulation was run on the Stampede supercomputer, with support from XSEDE Grant TG-ATM050014N. NARR data used in the WRF simulation were provided by the Computational Information Systems Laboratory. The radar composite image in Fig. 4b was provided by the Iowa State University, Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Radar data quality control schemes were provided by Prof. Michael Bell (Colorado State University). NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 144 IS 11 BP 4197 EP 4219 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0044.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB4AS UT WOS:000387312000009 ER PT J AU Mahoney, KM AF Mahoney, Kelly M. TI The Representation of Cumulus Convection in High-Resolution Simulations of the 2013 Colorado Front Range Flood SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID FORECASTING WRF MODEL; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; OPERATIONAL MODEL; WEATHER RESEARCH; PRECIPITATION; PARAMETERIZATION; SYSTEMS; EXPLICIT; SCHEMES; IMPACT AB Model simulations of the 2013 Colorado Front Range floods are performed using 4-km horizontal grid spacing to evaluate the impact of using explicit convection (EC) versus parameterized convection (CP) in the model convective physics "gray zone." Significant differences in heavy precipitation forecasts are found across multiple regions in which heavy rain and high-impact flooding occurred. The relative contribution of CP-generated precipitation to total precipitation suggests that greater CP scheme activity in areas upstream of the Front Range flooding may have led to significant downstream model error. Heavy convective precipitation simulated by the Kain-Fritsch CP scheme in particular led to an alteration of the low-level moisture flux and moisture transport fields that ultimately prevented the generation of heavy precipitation in downstream areas as observed. An updated, scale-aware version of the Kain-Fritsch scheme is also tested, and decreased model errors both up-and downstream suggest that scale-aware updates yield improvements in the simulation of this event. Comparisons among multiple CP schemes demonstrate that there are model convective physics gray zone considerations that significantly impact the simulation of extreme rainfall in this event. C1 [Mahoney, Kelly M.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mahoney, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kelly.mahoney@noaa.gov FU Physical Sciences Division, NOAA/ESRL FX This publication was supported by the Physical Sciences Division, NOAA/ESRL. Professor Gary Lackmann of North Carolina State University; Dr. Rob Cifelli of the Physical Sciences Division, NOAA/ESRL; and three anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for providing valuable comments on the manuscript. NCAR and the National Science Foundation (NSF) are acknowledged for the availability of the WRF Model, NCL software, and GEMPAK software. Software support was also provided by Ben Moore (SUNY-Albany) and Prof. Shawn Milrad (Embry-Riddle). NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 144 IS 11 BP 4265 EP 4278 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0211.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB4AS UT WOS:000387312000012 ER PT J AU Coniglio, MC Hitchcock, SM Knopfmeier, KH AF Coniglio, Michael C. Hitchcock, Stacey M. Knopfmeier, Kent H. TI Impact of Assimilating Preconvective Upsonde Observations on Short-Term Forecasts of Convection Observed during MPEX SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; PART I; VERIFICATION METHODS; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MESONET OBSERVATIONS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; DIURNAL CYCLE; WARM-SEASON; MESOSCALE AB This study examines the impact of assimilating preconvective radiosonde observations obtained by mobile sounding systems on short-term forecasts of convection. Ensemble data assimilation is performed on a mesoscale (15 km) grid and the resulting analyses are downscaled to produce forecasts on a convection-permitting grid (3 km). The ensembles of forecasts are evaluated through their depiction of radar reflectivity compared to observed radar reflectivity. Examination of fractions skill scores over eight cases shows that, for four of the cases, assimilation of radiosonde observations nearby to subsequent convection has a positive impact on the initiation and early evolution during the first 3-4 h of the forecasts, even for the smallest resolvable scales of the 3-km grid. For the four cases in which positive impacts near the smallest resolvable scales of the grid are not seen, analysis of the changes to the preconvective environment suggests that suboptimal locations of the soundings compared to the location of convective initiation are to blame. The aggregate positive impacts on forecasts of convection is more clearly seen when spatial scales larger than individual thunderstorms are examined. C1 [Coniglio, Michael C.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Hitchcock, Stacey M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knopfmeier, Kent H.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Knopfmeier, Kent H.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Coniglio, MC (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM michael.coniglio@noaa.gov FU Warn-on-Forecast group at NSSL; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; National Science Foundation [1230114] FX We thank the Field Observing Facilities Support team at NSSL, particularly Sean Waugh, for developing and maintaining the NSSL mobile sounding systems for MPEX. The NSSL sounding system was led in the field by the first author and Dr. David Stensrud. The other sounding teams were led by Dr. Russ Schumacher (CSU), Drs. Jeff Trapp and Mike Baldwin (Purdue), and Dr. Don Conlee (TAMU). Their leadership and collaboration are much appreciated, as well as the efforts of numerous students that helped collect the radiosonde data from all four systems. Dusty Wheatley provided helpful comments and suggestions on the experiment design and early versions of the manuscript. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank the support from the Warn-on-Forecast group at NSSL, especially Gerry Greager, for technical support. The efforts of EOL in quality controlling and formatting the data are much appreciated. A portion of the computing for this project was performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) at the University of Oklahoma (OU). This project was supported by funding from the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072 U.S. Department of Commerce, and by National Science Foundation Award 1230114. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 144 IS 11 BP 4301 EP 4325 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0091.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB4AS UT WOS:000387312000015 ER PT J AU Molthan, AL Colle, BA Yuter, SE Stark, D AF Molthan, Andrew L. Colle, Brian A. Yuter, Sandra E. Stark, David TI Comparisons of Modeled and Observed Reflectivities and Fall Speeds for Snowfall of Varied Riming Degrees during Winter Storms on Long Island, New York SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID 2001 IMPROVE-2 EVENT; RAIN RADAR MRR; MICROPHYSICAL EVOLUTION; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; PRECIPITATION; SCHEMES; SIZE; SIMULATIONS; TURBULENCE; PARTICLES AB Derived radar reflectivities and fall speeds for four Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model bulk microphysical parameterizations (BMPs) run at 1.33-km grid spacing are compared with ground-based, vertically pointing Ku-band radar, scanning S-band radar, and in situ measurements at Stony Brook, New York. Simulations were partitioned into periods of observed riming degree as determined manually using a stereo microscope and camera during nine winter storms. Simulations were examined to determine whether the selected BMPs captured the effects of varying riming intensities, provided a reasonable match to the vertical structure of radar reflectivity or fall speed, and whether they produced reasonable surface fall speed distributions. Schemes assuming nonspherical mass-diameter relationships yielded reflectivity distributions closer to observed values. All four schemes examined in this study provided a better match to the observed, vertical structure of reflectivity during moderate riming than light riming periods. The comparison of observed and simulated snowfall speeds had mixed results. One BMP produced episodes of excessive cloud water at times, resulting in fall speeds that were too large. However, most schemes had frequent periods of little or no cloud water during moderate riming periods and thus underpredicted the snowfall speeds at lower levels. Short, 1-4-h periods with relatively steady snow conditions were used to compare BMP and observed size and fall speed distributions. These limited data suggest the examined BMPs underpredict fall speeds of cold-type snow habits and underrepresent aggregates larger than 4-mm diameter. C1 [Molthan, Andrew L.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Off, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Colle, Brian A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Yuter, Sandra E.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. [Stark, David] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, New York, NY USA. RP Molthan, AL (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Off, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM andrew.molthan@nasa.gov FU National Science Foundation [ATM-1347491, ATM-1347499]; NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions Program [NNX13AF88G] FX The authors thank Spencer Rhodes for assistance with the processing of MRR data. Financial support for this research project was given by the National Science Foundation (ATM-1347491 for BAC and ATM-1347499 for SEY), as well as the NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions Program (NNX13AF88G for BAC and ALM). A special thanks to Dr. Gordon Taylor for allowing us to use his microscope and camera throughout the observational portion of this study. The authors also thank three anonymous reviewers who provided suggestions that improved the clarity of discussions and the related figures. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 144 IS 11 BP 4327 EP 4347 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0397.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB4AS UT WOS:000387312000016 ER PT J AU Fierro, AO Gao, JD Ziegler, CL Calhoun, KM Mansell, ER MacGorman, DR AF Fierro, Alexandre O. Gao, Jidong Ziegler, Conrad L. Calhoun, Kristin M. Mansell, Edward R. MacGorman, Donald R. TI Assimilation of Flash Extent Data in the Variational Framework at Convection-Allowing Scales: Proof-of-Concept and Evaluation for the Short-Term Forecast of the 24 May 2011 Tornado Outbreak SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; LIGHTNING DATA ASSIMILATION; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; LEVEL-II DATA; PART II; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; RECURSIVE FILTERS; REFLECTIVITY DATA; NUMERICAL ASPECTS AB This work evaluates the performance of the assimilation of total lightning data within a three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) framework for the analysis and short-term forecast of the 24 May 2011 tornado outbreak using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model at convection-allowing scales. Between the lifted condensation level and a fixed upper height, pseudo-observations for water vapor mass first are created based on either the flash extent densities derived from Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array data or the lightning source densities derived from the Earth Networks pulse data, and then assimilated by the 3DVAR system. Assimilation of radar data with 3DVAR and a cloud analysis algorithm (RAD) also are performed as a baseline for comparison and in tandem with lightning to evaluate the added value of this lightning data assimilation (LDA) method. Given a scenario wherein the control experiment without radar or lightning data assimilation fails to accurately initiate and forecast the observed storms, the LDA and RAD yield comparable short-term forecast improvements. The RAD alone produces storms of similar strength to the observations during the first 30min of forecast more rapidly than the LDA alone; however, the LDA is able to better depict individual supercellular features at 1-h forecast. When both the lightning and radar data are assimilated, the 30-min forecast showed noteworthy improvements over RAD in terms of the model's ability to better resolve individual supercell structures and still maintained a 1-h forecast similar to that from the LDA. The results chiefly illustrate the potential value of assimilating total lightning data along with radar data. C1 [Fierro, Alexandre O.; Calhoun, Kristin M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Fierro, Alexandre O.; Calhoun, Kristin M.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Gao, Jidong; Ziegler, Conrad L.; Mansell, Edward R.; MacGorman, Donald R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Fierro, AO (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, CIMMS, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM alex.fierro@noaa.gov RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014 OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce [NOAA-OAR-CIPO-2014-2003893] FX The authors thank Ami Arthur for providing the NSSL three-dimensional NMQ radar mosaic data. The authors also gratefully acknowledge Brandon Smith (NSSL) who generated the NSSL rotation track analyses that the authors adapted in Fig. 7a. Thanks also go out to Bill Callahan, Stan Heckman, and Jim Anderson from Earth Networks for providing the ENTLN total lightning data. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. This work was further supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant NOAA-OAR-CIPO-2014-2003893. The simulations were conducted on the NOAA HPC "Jet" resources housed in Boulder, Colorado. Auxiliary computer resources were provided by the Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) hosted at the University of Oklahoma. The authors would also like to acknowledge Dave Jorgensen and three anonymous reviewers, whose suggestions helped improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 144 IS 11 BP 4373 EP 4393 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0053.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB4AS UT WOS:000387312000018 ER PT J AU Stevenson, SN Corbosiero, KL Abarca, SF AF Stevenson, Stephanie N. Corbosiero, Kristen L. Abarca, Sergio F. TI Lightning in eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones: A comparison to the North Atlantic (vol 144, pg 225, 2016) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Correction C1 [Stevenson, Stephanie N.; Corbosiero, Kristen L.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Abarca, Sergio F.] Environm Modeling Ctr, IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Abarca, Sergio F.] NOAA NWS NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. RP Stevenson, SN (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM sstevenson@albany.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 144 IS 11 BP 4483 EP 4485 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0283.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB4AS UT WOS:000387312000023 ER PT J AU Kourafalou, VH Androulidakis, YS Halliwell, GR Kang, H Mehari, MM Le Henaff, M Atlas, R Lumpkin, R AF Kourafalou, Vassiliki H. Androulidakis, Yannis S. Halliwell, George R., Jr. Kang, HeeSook Mehari, Michael M. Le Henaff, Matthieu Atlas, Robert Lumpkin, Rick TI North Atlantic Ocean OSSE system development: Nature Run evaluation and application to hurricane interaction with the Gulf Stream SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; OF-MEXICO; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; VERTICAL COORDINATE; SATELLITE DATA; UPPER LAYER; IN-SITU AB A high resolution, free-running model has been developed for the hurricane region of the North Atlantic Ocean. The model is evaluated with a variety of observations to ensure that it adequately represents both the ocean climatology and variability over this region, with a focus on processes relevant to hurricane ocean interactions. As such, it can be used as the "Nature Run" (NR) model within the framework of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs), designed specifically to improve the ocean component of coupled ocean-atmosphere hurricane forecast models. The OSSE methodology provides quantitative assessment of the impact of specific observations on the skill of forecast models and enables the comprehensive design of future observational platforms and the optimization of existing ones. Ocean OSSEs require a state-of-the-art, high-resolution free-running model simulation that represents the true ocean (the NR). This study concentrates on the development and data based evaluation of the NR model component, which leads to a reliable model simulation that has a dual purpose: (a) to provide the basis for future hurricane related OSSEs; (b) to explore process oriented studies of hurricane-ocean interactions. A specific example is presented, where the impact of Hurricane Bill (2009) on the eastward extension and transport of the Gulf Stream is analyzed. The hurricane induced cold wake is shown in both NR simulation and observations. Interaction of storm-forced currents with the Gulf Stream produced a temporary large reduction in eastward transport downstream from Cape Hatteras and had a marked influence on frontal displacement in the upper ocean. The kinetic energy due to ageostrophic currents showed a significant increase as the storm passed, and then decreased to pre-storm levels within 8 days after the hurricane advanced further north. This is a unique result of direct hurricane impact on a western boundary current, with possible implications on the ocean feedback on hurricane evolution. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kourafalou, Vassiliki H.; Androulidakis, Yannis S.; Kang, HeeSook] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Halliwell, George R., Jr.; Mehari, Michael M.; Le Henaff, Matthieu; Atlas, Robert; Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA AOML, Miami, FL USA. [Mehari, Michael M.; Le Henaff, Matthieu] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Kourafalou, VH (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM vkourafalou@rsmas.miami.edu RI Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Mehari, Michael/B-1402-2017 OI Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; FU NOAA Hurricane Sandy Disaster Relief Act [NA13OAR4830224]; NOAA Quantitative Observing System Assessment Program (QOSAP) [P8R2W02PQF, NA15OAR4320064]; NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Physical Oceanography Division; CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) FX The authors acknowledge support from the NOAA Hurricane Sandy Disaster Relief Act (through award NA13OAR4830224) and from the NOAA Quantitative Observing System Assessment Program (QOSAP, P8R2W02PQF and NA15OAR4320064). G. Halliwell, M. Mehari, M. Le Henaff and R. Lumpkin acknowledge support from NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Physical Oceanography Division. The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso (http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/duacs/), with support from CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales). MDT_CNES-CLS13 was produced by CLS (Collette Localisation Satellites) Space Oceanography Division and distributed by Aviso (http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/), with support from CNES. We thank Alan Wallcraft (NRL-SSC) for preparing the GDEM42 climatology for our project. NR 96 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 148 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2016.09.001 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EB6VQ UT WOS:000387524100001 ER PT J AU Attota, RK Liu, EC AF Attota, Ravi Kiran Liu, Eileen Cherry TI Volume determination of irregularly-shaped quasi-spherical nanoparticles SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; Characterization; Irregularly-shaped nanoparticles; Quasi-spherical nanoparticles; Spherical volume equivalent diameter; Nanotechnology ID ELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; SIZE; NANOTOXICOLOGY; CHALLENGES; PARTICLES; NM AB Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in diverse application areas, such as medicine, engineering, and cosmetics. The size (or volume) of NPs is one of the most important parameters for their successful application. It is relatively straightforward to determine the volume of regular NPs such as spheres and cubes from a one-dimensional or two-dimensional measurement. However, due to the three-dimensional nature of NPs, it is challenging to determine the proper physical size of many types of regularly and irregularly-shaped quasi-spherical NPs at high-throughput using a single tool. Here, we present a relatively simple method that determines a better volume estimate of NPs by combining measurements from their top-down projection areas and peak heights using two tools. The proposed method is significantly faster and more economical than the electron tomography method. We demonstrate the improved accuracy of the combined method over scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or atomic force microscopy (AFM) alone by using modeling, simulations, and measurements. This study also exposes the existence of inherent measurement biases for both SEM and AFM, which usually produce larger measured diameters with SEM than with AFM. However, in some cases SEM measured diameters appear to have less error compared to AFM measured diameters, especially for widely used IS-NPs such as of gold, and silver. The method provides a much needed, proper high-throughput volumetric measurement method useful for many applications. C1 [Attota, Ravi Kiran; Liu, Eileen Cherry] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Attota, RK (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn Phys, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Ravikiran.attota@nist.gov FU NIST FX The authors would like to thank John Kramar for the useful discussions, Andras Vladar for providing high-quality SEM images of Au nanoparticles used in Ref. [29], and the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program of NIST and NSF for providing an internship to Eileen Liu. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 408 IS 28 BP 7897 EP 7903 DI 10.1007/s00216-016-9909-x PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA EA5VS UT WOS:000386693000005 PM 27659817 ER PT J AU Lei, H Wang, JLXL Tong, DQ Lee, P AF Lei, Hang Wang, Julian X. L. Tong, Daniel Q. Lee, Pius TI Merged dust climatology in Phoenix, Arizona based on satellite and station data SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Dust storm climatology; Merged dataset; Dust and climate; Data uncertainty ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; UNITED-STATES; AERONET MEASUREMENTS; MODIS; SIMULATION AB In order to construct climate quality long-term dust storm dataset, merged dust storm climatology in Phoenix is developed based on three data sources: regular meteorological records, in situ air quality measurements, and satellite remote sensing observations. The result presented in this paper takes into account the advantages of each dataset and integrates individual analyses demonstrated and presented in previous studies that laid foundation to reconstruct a consistent and continuous time series of dust frequency. A key for the merging procedure is to determine analysis criteria suitable for each individual data source. A practical application to historic records of dust storm activities over the Phoenix area is presented to illustrate detailed steps, advantages, and limitations of the newly developed process. Three datasets are meteorological records from the Sky Harbor station, satellite observed aerosol optical depth data from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality System particulate matter data of eight sites surrounding Phoenix. Our purpose is to construct dust climatology over the Phoenix region for the period 1948-2012. Data qualities of the reconstructed dust climatology are assessed based on the availability and quality of the input data. The period during 2000-2012 has the best quality since all datasets are well archived. The reconstructed climatology shows that dust storm activities over the Phoenix region have large interannual variability. However, seasonal variations show a skewed distribution with higher frequency of dust storm activities in July and August and relatively quiet during the rest of months. Combining advantages of all the available datasets, this study presents a merged product that provides a consistent and continuous time series of dust storm activities suitable for climate studies. C1 [Lei, Hang; Wang, Julian X. L.; Tong, Daniel Q.; Lee, Pius] NOAA, Air Resource Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Lei, Hang] IM Syst Grp Inc, 3206 Tower Oaks, Rockville, MD USA. RP Wang, JLXL (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resource Lab, College Pk, MD USA. EM julian.wang@noaa.gov RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 47 IS 9-10 BP 2785 EP 2799 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-2997-7 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ7QV UT WOS:000386062000005 ER PT J AU Choi, W Ho, CH Jin, CS Kim, J Feng, S Park, DSR Schemm, JKE AF Choi, Woosuk Ho, Chang-Hoi Jin, Chun-Sil Kim, Jinwon Feng, Song Park, Doo-Sun R. Schemm, Jae-Kyung E. TI Seasonal forecasting of intense tropical cyclones over the North Atlantic and the western North Pacific basins SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Seasonal forecast; Intense tropical cyclone; North Atlantic; Western North Pacific; Track-pattern-based model ID HURRICANE ACTIVITY; TYPHOON TRACKS; PREDICTION; CLIMATE; MODEL; DISTURBANCES; IMPROVEMENTS; FREQUENCY; SYSTEM AB Intense tropical cyclones (TCs) accompanying torrential rain and powerful wind gusts often cause substantial socio-economic losses in the regions around their landfall. This study analyzes intense TCs in the North Atlantic (NA) and the western North Pacific (WNP) basins during the period 1982-2013. Different intensity criteria are used to define intense TCs for these two basins, category 1 and above for NA and category 3 and above for WNP, because the number of TCs in the NA basin is much smaller than that in the WNP basin. Using a fuzzy clustering method, intense TC tracks in the NA and the WNP basins are classified into two and three representative patterns, respectively. On the basis of the clustering results, a track-pattern-based model is then developed for forecasting the seasonal activities of intense TCs in the two basins. Cross-validation of the model skill for 1982-2013 as well as verification of a forecast for the 2014 TC season suggest that our intense TC model is applicable to operational uses. C1 [Choi, Woosuk; Ho, Chang-Hoi; Park, Doo-Sun R.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Jin, Chun-Sil; Schemm, Jae-Kyung E.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Kim, Jinwon] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Feng, Song] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Ho, CH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM hoch@cpl.snu.ac.kr FU Korea Ministry of Environment as "Climate Change Correspondence Program" FX This study was funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment as "Climate Change Correspondence Program". We acknowledge the critical comments from an anonymous reviewer. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 47 IS 9-10 BP 3063 EP 3075 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3013-y PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ7QV UT WOS:000386062000021 ER PT J AU Fernando, DN Mo, KC Fu, R Pu, B Bowerman, A Scanlon, BR Solis, RS Yin, L Mace, RE Mioduszewski, JR Ren, T Zhang, K AF Fernando, D. Nelun Mo, Kingtse C. Fu, Rong Pu, Bing Bowerman, Adam Scanlon, Bridget R. Solis, Ruben S. Yin, Lei Mace, Robert E. Mioduszewski, John R. Ren, Tong Zhang, Kai TI What caused the spring intensification and winter demise of the 2011 drought over Texas? SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Drought; Spring intensification; Convective inhibition; Soil moisture; La Nina; Texas ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; ENSO; OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION; PROJECT; MODELS AB The 2011 Texas drought, the worst 1-year drought on record, was characterized by spring intensification of rainfall deficit and surface dryness. Such spring intensification was led by an unusually strong increase of convective inhibition (CIN), which suppressed convection at the time critical for the onset of the April-June rainfall season. The CIN increase appeared to be caused by strong sub-seasonal anomalously westerly winds at 850 hPa (U850) in April, in addition to surface dryness due to cumulative rainfall deficit since fall of 2010. The anomalous U850 advected warm dry air from the Mexican Plateau to Texas, enhancing cap inversion, and exacerbating static stability initially elevated by an anomalously high surface Bowen ratio due to rainfall deficits from winter through spring over Texas. Strengthened westerly U850 in April, in addition to the persistent rainfall deficits from winter through spring, are common characteristics in other strong drought events experienced over Texas. Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project-type simulations with prescribed La Nia SSTAs in the tropical Pacific do not show a strengthening of westerly U850 in April, suggesting that internal atmospheric variability at intraseasonal scale, instead of La Nia, may initiate the spring drought intensification over Texas. Soil moisture deficits in late spring are significantly correlated with positive 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies over the south central U.S. 2-3 weeks later, suggesting that intensified surface dryness in late-spring could reinforce the drought-inducing anomalous mid-tropospheric high. The drought diminished in the winter of 2011/2012 despite a second La Nia event. Our analysis suggests an important role for strong westerly wind anomalies, the resultant increase of CIN in spring, and subsequent positive feedback between dry surface anomalies and the anomalous large-scale circulation pattern in drought intensification. Clarification of the mechanisms behind the strong increase of CIN and land-atmosphere feedbacks may provide a key for improving our understanding of drought predictability in spring and summer, and a scientific basis for the early warning of strong summer drought. The demise of the 2011 drought appears to have resulted from internal atmospheric circulation variability, thus intrinsically unpredictable. C1 [Fernando, D. Nelun] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fernando, D. Nelun; Fu, Rong; Pu, Bing; Bowerman, Adam; Yin, Lei; Ren, Tong; Zhang, Kai] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Fernando, D. Nelun; Solis, Ruben S.; Mace, Robert E.] Texas Water Dev Board, Water Sci & Conservat, Austin, TX 78701 USA. [Mo, Kingtse C.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Scanlon, Bridget R.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, JJ Pickle Res Campus, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Mioduszewski, John R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ren, Tong] Texas A&M, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Pu, Bing] Princeton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mioduszewski, John R.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Fernando, DN (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.; Fernando, DN (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.; Fernando, DN (reprint author), Texas Water Dev Board, Water Sci & Conservat, Austin, TX 78701 USA. EM Nelun.Fernando@twdb.texas.gov RI Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009; OI Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199; Fernando, Nelun/0000-0002-0701-5075 FU Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise Postdoctoral Fellowship Program - NOAA's Climate Program Office; NOAA's Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections Program [NA10OAR4310157]; Jackson School of Geosciences; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Texas Water Allocation Assistance Program FX This research was supported by the Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, which is partially funded by NOAA's Climate Program Office and administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Visiting Scientist Programs (VSP). The research was also funded by NOAA's Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections Program (Grant Award NA10OAR4310157), the Jackson School of Geosciences, and by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Texas Water Allocation Assistance Program funding provided to the Texas Water Development Board. The authors thank the anonymous reviewer whose insightful comments and helpful suggestions guided a major revision of a previous version of this manuscript. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 47 IS 9-10 BP 3077 EP 3090 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3014-x PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ7QV UT WOS:000386062000022 ER PT J AU Resplandy, L Keeling, RF Stephens, BB Bent, JD Jacobson, A Rodenbeck, C Khatiwala, S AF Resplandy, L. Keeling, R. F. Stephens, B. B. Bent, J. D. Jacobson, A. Roedenbeck, C. Khatiwala, S. TI Constraints on oceanic meridional heat transport from combined measurements of oxygen and carbon SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Ocean heat transport; Potential oxygen; Hemispheric asymmetry; HIPPO aircraft campaign ID INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; AIR-SEA FLUX; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MIXED-LAYER; BULK DATA; VARIABILITY; MODEL; DEEP AB Despite its importance to the climate system, the ocean meridional heat transport is still poorly quantified. We identify a strong link between the northern hemisphere deficit in atmospheric potential oxygen (APO = O + 1.1 CO) and the asymmetry in meridional heat transport between northern and southern hemispheres. The recent aircraft observations from the HIPPO campaign reveal a northern APO deficit in the tropospheric column of 10.4 1.0 per meg, double the value at the surface and more representative of large-scale air-sea fluxes. The global northward ocean heat transport asymmetry necessary to explain the observed APO deficit is about 0.7-1.1 PW, which corresponds to the upper range of estimates from hydrographic sections and atmospheric reanalyses. C1 [Resplandy, L.; Keeling, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Stephens, B. B.; Bent, J. D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jacobson, A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Roedenbeck, C.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Khatiwala, S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. RP Resplandy, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lresplandy@ucsd.edu OI Resplandy, Laure/0000-0002-1212-3943 FU NSF [ATM-0628519, ATM-0628388]; Climate Program Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; US NSF [OCE 10-60804]; National Science Foundation FX This work was made possible thanks to the scientists and personnel involved in collecting the numerous atmospheric and oceanic observations used in this study. We thank the HIPPO science team and the NCAR RAF pilots, crew, and support staff. The HIPPO O2 measurements were supported by NSF grants ATM-0628519, and ATM-0628388. We sincerely thank Prabir Patra for providing the results of his atmospheric transport model (CCSR/NIES/FRCGC model). We thank the groups developing the MOM and MITgcm models for providing access to their model results. We are grateful to L. Talley, C. Wunsch, J. Marshall and R. Ferrari for valuable and inspiring discussion throughout the course of this study. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. We thank the Deutsche Klimarechenzentrum for providing computer time and Hendryk Bockelmann for the amazing technical support. Laure Resplandy was granted support by the Climate Program Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Samar Khatiwala was supported by US NSF grant OCE 10-60804. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 47 IS 9-10 BP 3335 EP 3357 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3029-3 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ7QV UT WOS:000386062000037 ER PT J AU Symonds, EM Sinigalliano, C Gidley, M Ahmed, W McQuaig-Ulrich, SM Breitbart, M AF Symonds, E. M. Sinigalliano, C. Gidley, M. Ahmed, W. McQuaig-Ulrich, S. M. Breitbart, M. TI Faecal pollution along the southeastern coast of Florida and insight into the use of pepper mild mottle virus as an indicator SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enteric viruses; microbial source tracking; ocean outfall; quantitative microbial risk assessment; wastewater; water quality ID QUANTITATIVE PCR; GENETIC-MARKERS; DRINKING-WATER; ENTERIC VIRUSES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SOURCE TRACKING; WASTE; SEWAGE; QUALITY; ENTEROVIRUSES AB AimsTo identify faecal pollution along the southeastern Florida coast and determine the performance of a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method for pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). Methods and ResultsIn 2014, bimonthly surface water samples were collected from inlets, exposed to runoff and septic seepage, and coastal sites, exposed to ocean outfalls. Analysis of culturable enterococci and a suite of microbial source tracking (MST) markers (BacHum, CowM2, DogBact, HF183, HPyV, PMMoV) revealed faecal pollution, primarily of human origin, at all sites. Since PMMoV was detected more frequently than other MST markers, the process limits of quantification (undiluted to 10(-2) dilution) and detection (10(-2) dilution) for the RT-qPCR method were determined by seeding untreated wastewater into the coastal waters. Simulated quantitative microbial risk assessment, employing human norovirus as a reference pathogen, calculated a 0286 median risk of gastrointestinal illness associated with the PMMoV limit of detection. ConclusionsAll sites met the U.S. EPA recreational water criteria, despite detection of domestic wastewater-associated MST markers. PMMoV correlated only with human-associated MST markers. Significance and Impact of the StudyThis study demonstrated that PMMoV is an important domestic wastewater-associated marker that should be included in the MST toolbox; therefore, future studies should thoroughly investigate the health risks associated with its detection and quantification in environmental waters. C1 [Symonds, E. M.; Breitbart, M.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Sinigalliano, C.; Gidley, M.] US Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Ahmed, W.] CSIRO, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [McQuaig-Ulrich, S. M.] St Petersburg Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Clearwater, FL USA. RP Symonds, EM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM esymonds@mail.usf.edu RI Ahmed, Warish/F-4379-2011; Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014 OI Ahmed, Warish/0000-0002-1351-8963; Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; gidley, maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073 FU NASA [NNX14AP62A, NOPP RFP NOAA-NOS-IOOS-2014-2003803]; NOAA; BOEM; U.S. NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program [1114]; Florida Department of Environmental Protection; University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, William and Elsie Knight Fellowship; STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement - U.S. EPA [FP-91737601-3] FX This work was supported by NASA grant NNX14AP62A 'National Marine Sanctuaries as Sentinel Sites for a Demonstration Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON)' funded under the National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP RFP NOAA-NOS-IOOS-2014-2003803 in partnership between NOAA, BOEM and NASA). The environmental water sample collection and bacterial qPCR analyses were funded in part by the U.S. NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (Project 1114) and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. E.M.S. received funding from the University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, William and Elsie Knight Fellowship as well as from the STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement No. FP-91737601-3 funded by the U.S. EPA. The U.S. EPA has not formally reviewed this manuscript; thus, the views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and any mention of products does not constitute recommendation for use. Thank you to Helena Sales Ortells for assistance with the QMRA estimation, as well as Kerry Hamilton and Mary Schoen for their technical advice. Dr Mano Sivaganesan is recognized for her advice with the 'pooled approach' as well as Dr Ram C. Kafle and Dr Matthew E. Verbyla for their assistance with the WinBugs code. Also, special thanks to Dr Robert M. Ulrich for his guidance with the EAV RNA oligonucleotide synthesis and Dr Valerie J. Harwood for her insight with the RT-qPCR assay performance experiments. Figure 1 was produced by Ryan Symonds. This study could not have been executed without the cooperation of Albert McAfee and the South Cross Bayou WaterReclamation facility in supplying untreated municipal wastewater. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 121 IS 5 BP 1469 EP 1481 DI 10.1111/jam.13252 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EA6RY UT WOS:000386757800024 PM 27501154 ER PT J AU Ashenfelter, J Balantekin, AB Band, HR Barclay, G Bass, CD Berish, D Bignell, L Bowden, NS Bowes, A Brodsky, JP Bryan, CD Cherwinka, JJ Chu, R Classen, T Commeford, K Conant, AJ Davee, D Dean, D Deichert, G Diwan, MV Dolinski, MJ Dolph, J DuVernois, M Erikson, AS Febbraro, MT Gaison, JK Galindo-Uribarri, A Gilje, K Glenn, A Goddard, BW Green, M Hackett, BT Han, K Hans, S Heeger, KM Heffron, B Insler, J Jaffe, DE Jones, D Langford, TJ Littlejohn, BR Caicedo, DAM Matta, JT McKeown, RD Mendenhall, MP Mueller, PE Mumm, HP Napolitano, J Neilson, R Nikkel, JA Norcini, D Pushin, D Qian, X Romero, E Rosero, R Seilhan, BS Sharma, R Sheets, S Surukuchi, PT Trinh, C Varner, RL Viren, B Wang, W White, B White, C Wilhelmi, J Williams, C Wise, T Yao, H Yeh, M Yen, YR Zangakis, GZ Zhang, C Zhang, X AF Ashenfelter, J. Balantekin, A. B. Band, H. R. Barclay, G. Bass, C. D. Berish, D. Bignell, L. Bowden, N. S. Bowes, A. Brodsky, J. P. Bryan, C. D. Cherwinka, J. J. Chu, R. Classen, T. Commeford, K. Conant, A. J. Davee, D. Dean, D. Deichert, G. Diwan, M. V. Dolinski, M. J. Dolph, J. DuVernois, M. Erikson, A. S. Febbraro, M. T. Gaison, J. K. Galindo-Uribarri, A. Gilje, K. Glenn, A. Goddard, B. W. Green, M. Hackett, B. T. Han, K. Hans, S. Heeger, K. M. Heffron, B. Insler, J. Jaffe, D. E. Jones, D. Langford, T. J. Littlejohn, B. R. Caicedo, D. A. Martinez Matta, J. T. McKeown, R. D. Mendenhall, M. P. Mueller, P. E. Mumm, H. P. Napolitano, J. Neilson, R. Nikkel, J. A. Norcini, D. Pushin, D. Qian, X. Romero, E. Rosero, R. Seilhan, B. S. Sharma, R. Sheets, S. Surukuchi, P. T. Trinh, C. Varner, R. L. Viren, B. Wang, W. White, B. White, C. Wilhelmi, J. Williams, C. Wise, T. Yao, H. Yeh, M. Yen, Y-R Zangakis, G. Z. Zhang, C. Zhang, X. CA PROSPECT Collaboration TI The PROSPECT physics program SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE reactor neutrino experiments; scintillator detectors; neutrino oscillation; research reactors ID PULSE-SHAPE DISCRIMINATION; NUCLEAR-POWER-REACTOR; NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; CROSS-SECTION; FISSION; SPECTRUM; BUGEY; U-235; NEUTRONS; DETECTOR AB The precision reactor oscillation and spectrum experiment, PROSPECT, is designed to make a precise measurement of the antineutrino spectrum from a highly-enriched uranium reactor and probe eV-scale sterile neutrinos by searching for neutrino oscillations over a distance of several meters. PROSPECT is conceived as a 2-phase experiment utilizing segmented Li-6-doped liquid scintillator detectors for both efficient detection of reactor antineutrinos through the inverse beta decay reaction and excellent background discrimination. PROSPECT Phase. I consists of a movable 3 ton antineutrino detector at distances of 7-12 m from the reactor core. It will probe the best-fit point of the v(e) disappearance experiments at 4 sigma in 1 year and the favored region of the sterile neutrino parameter space at >3 sigma in 3 years. With a second antineutrino detector at 15-19. m from the reactor, Phase II of PROSPECT can probe the entire allowed parameter space below 10 eV(2) at 5 sigma in 3 additional years. The measurement of the reactor antineutrino spectrum and the search for short-baseline oscillations with PROSPECT will test the origin of the spectral deviations observed in recent theta(13) experiments, search for sterile neutrinos, and conclusively address the hypothesis of sterile neutrinos as an explanation of the reactor anomaly. C1 [Ashenfelter, J.; Band, H. R.; Gaison, J. K.; Han, K.; Heeger, K. M.; Langford, T. J.; Nikkel, J. A.; Norcini, D.; Wise, T.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. [Ashenfelter, J.; Band, H. R.; Gaison, J. K.; Heeger, K. M.; Langford, T. J.; Nikkel, J. A.; Norcini, D.; Wise, T.] Yale Univ, Wright Lab, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. [Balantekin, A. B.; DuVernois, M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Barclay, G.; Bryan, C. D.; Deichert, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bass, C. D.] Le Moyne Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Syracuse, NY USA. [Berish, D.; Jones, D.; Napolitano, J.; Qian, X.; Wilhelmi, J.; Zangakis, G. Z.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Bignell, L.; Diwan, M. V.; Dolph, J.; Jaffe, D. E.; Sharma, R.; Viren, B.; Zhang, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bowden, N. S.; Brodsky, J. P.; Classen, T.; Glenn, A.; Seilhan, B. S.; Sheets, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nucl & Chem Sci Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Bowes, A.; Gilje, K.; Littlejohn, B. R.; Caicedo, D. A. Martinez; Surukuchi, P. T.; White, C.; Zhang, X.] IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Cherwinka, J. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Phys Sci Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Chu, R.; Dean, D.; Febbraro, M. T.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Green, M.; Hackett, B. T.; Heffron, B.; Matta, J. T.; Mueller, P. E.; Romero, E.; Varner, R. L.; White, B.; Williams, C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chu, R.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Hackett, B. T.; Heffron, B.; Romero, E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Commeford, K.; Dolinski, M. J.; Goddard, B. W.; Insler, J.; Neilson, R.; Trinh, C.; Yen, Y-R] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Conant, A. J.; Erikson, A. S.; McKeown, R. D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Nucl & Radiol Engn Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Davee, D.; Wang, W.; Yao, H.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Han, K.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Hans, S.; Mendenhall, M. P.; Rosero, R.; Yeh, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Mumm, H. P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pushin, D.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Pushin, D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Wang, W.] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys & Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Green, M.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [White, B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ashenfelter, J (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA.; Ashenfelter, J (reprint author), Yale Univ, Wright Lab, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. RI Han, Ke/D-3697-2017; OI Han, Ke/0000-0002-1609-7367; Norcini, Danielle/0000-0003-0075-5326; Qian, Xin/0000-0002-7903-7935; Zhang, Chao/0000-0003-2298-6272 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; Yale University; Illinois Institute of Technology; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LDRD program; High Flux Isotope Reactor at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. Additional support for this work is provided by Yale University, the Illinois Institute of Technology, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LDRD program. We gratefully acknowledge the support and hospitality of the High Flux Isotope Reactor at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 43 IS 11 AR 113001 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/43/11/113001 PG 30 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA EA3JE UT WOS:000386497500001 ER PT J AU Soler, T Wang, GQ AF Soler, Tomas Wang, Guoquan TI Interpreting OPUS-Static Results Accurately SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Accuracy; Geoid model; IGS08; NAD 83; Online Positioning User Service (OPUS); Orthometric heights; Reference frames ID CURRENT PLATE MOTIONS; PUERTO-RICO; GPS; TIME AB The Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) operated by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) has consolidated into a very attractive tool for surveyors, engineers, and the academic community to procure precise/accurate positions from global positioning system (GPS) observations. The OPUS utility continues to be improved since it was successfully launched in 2000. In general, each update results in better reliability of the precision and accuracy of OPUS solutions. However, necessary software modifications could also introduce certain biases, some significant, complicating the interpretation of OPUS results, particularly for applications that rely on high-accuracy absolute positions. This article concentrates on the interpretation of OPUS-Static solution reports primarily in relation to the transformation of reference frames and geoid models, which are two basic scientific ingredients in practical geodetic-surveying enterprises. One-year continuous GPS observations collected at a landslide site in Puerto Rico were uploaded to OPUS-Static on April 20, 2011; October 30, 2013; and April 29, 2015. The OPUS solutions obtained at these three dates were compared. This case study indicates that very considerable changes in orthometric height and horizontal coordinates could occur among OPUS outputs processed at different dates. OPUS users who focus on absolute positional coordinates should pay special attention to the periodic updating of reference frames and geoid models by NGS. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Soler, Tomas] NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wang, Guoquan] Univ Houston, Dept Geosci & Atmospher Sci, Natl Ctr Airborne Laser Mapping, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Soler, T (reprint author), NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tom.soler@noaa.gov; gwang@uh.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1229278]; NSF [EAR-1242383, DUE-1243582] FX The authors thank their NGS colleagues R. Foote, S. Hilla, D. Martin, and M. Schenewerk for reviewing the draft of the manuscript and for their comments and suggestions. This study was partially supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) award (EAR-1229278), a NSF Major Research Instrumentation Program (MRI) award (EAR-1242383), and a NSF Transforming Undergraduate Education in Sciences (TUES) award (DUE-1243582). The authors are also grateful for the detailed observations and remarks of four anonymous reviewers that greatly improved and enhanced the comprehension of the final version of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 EI 1943-5428 J9 J SURV ENG JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2016 VL 142 IS 4 AR UNSP 05016003 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000191 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA EA1RP UT WOS:000386369900013 ER PT J AU Pajuelo, M Bjorndal, KA Arendt, MD Foley, AM Schroeder, BA Witherington, BE Bolten, AB AF Pajuelo, Mariela Bjorndal, Karen A. Arendt, Michael D. Foley, Allen M. Schroeder, Barbara A. Witherington, Blair E. Bolten, Alan B. TI Long-term resource use and foraging specialization in male loggerhead turtles SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; SEA-TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; NICHE WIDTH; FLORIDA BAY; BREEDING AGGREGATION; TROPHIC NICHE AB Intra-population variation in resource use has been increasingly reported for different taxa. In particular, foraging specialization of individuals has been quantified for various generalist populations. Because individual differences in resource use can have a great effect on a population's ecological and evolutionary dynamics, it is essential to accurately assess how individuals exploit resources. Recent studies have shown that female sea turtles exhibit long-term individual specialization in resource use. In this study, we used stable isotope analysis (delta N-15 and delta C-13) of serially sampled sea turtle scutes from two foraging areas in the Northwest Atlantic to evaluate whether male loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) exhibit patterns in resource use over time similar to those reported for female turtles. We found that some male loggerheads show individual specialization and a long-term consistency in resource use over several years-which adds support to previous findings that male loggerheads exhibit site fidelity to their foraging areas-while others are less consistent or only exhibit consistency for shorter periods of time. This variation in patterns of resource use among male loggerheads appears to be linked to foraging area locations, which were characterized by distinct resource diversity. Thus, these results suggest that resource diversity (habitat and prey items) present at the foraging areas may affect the degree of temporal consistency in resource use and potentially individual foraging specialization in loggerheads. Understanding the drivers of intra-population variation in resource use in loggerheads will allow us to predict how they will respond to changing environmental conditions. C1 [Pajuelo, Mariela; Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Arendt, Michael D.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Div, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Foley, Allen M.] Jacksonville Field Lab, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Jacksonville, FL 32218 USA. [Schroeder, Barbara A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Witherington, Blair E.] Disneys Anim Sci & Environm, Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830 USA. RP Pajuelo, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mpajuelo@ufl.edu OI Pajuelo, Mariela/0000-0001-6975-9814; Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US National Marine Fisheries Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX We thank the captains and crew of the RV's Georgia Bulldog and Lady Lisa as well as J. Schwenter and J. Byrd for invaluable support during fieldwork. The US Fish and Wildlife Service, US National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation provided funding support for this project. For comments on earlier versions of the manuscript, we thank L. C. Majure, M. Brenner, B. MacFadden and two anonymous reviewers. We also thank J. Curtis and the Stable Isotope Lab at the University of Florida for assistance with stable isotope analysis. Turtle samples were collected in compliance with the National Marine Fisheries Service (Section 10(A)(1)(a) Permit #15566 and Permit #14622), Georgia DNR Scientific Collection Permit (CN21303), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (Marine Turtle Permit #163), Everglades National Park (Permit #EVER-2012-SCI-0030) and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Florida. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Fish and Wildlife Service or any branch of the federal government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 163 IS 11 AR 235 DI 10.1007/s00227-016-3013-9 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EA6WA UT WOS:000386768500014 ER PT J AU Henn, MA Barnes, BM Zhou, H Sohn, M Silver, RM AF Henn, Mark-Alexander Barnes, Bryan M. Zhou, Hui Sohn, Martin Silver, Richard M. TI Optimizing the nanoscale quantitative optical imaging of subfield scattering targets SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METROLOGY AB The full 3-D scattered field above finite sets of features has been shown to contain a continuum of spatial frequency information and, with novel optical microscopy techniques and electromagnetic modeling, deep-subwavelength geometrical parameters can be determined. Similarly, by using simulations, scattering geometries and experimental conditions can be established to tailor scattered fields that yield lower parametric uncertainties while decreasing the number of measurements and the area of such finite sets of features. Such optimized conditions are reported through quantitative optical imaging in 193 nm scatterfield microscopy using feature sets up to four times smaller in area than state-of-the-art critical dimension targets. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Henn, Mark-Alexander; Barnes, Bryan M.; Zhou, Hui; Sohn, Martin; Silver, Richard M.] NIST, Div Engn Phys, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Henn, MA (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn Phys, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.henn@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 21 BP 4959 EP 4962 DI 10.1364/OL.41.004959 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA EA8YJ UT WOS:000386925800028 PM 27805660 ER PT J AU Kuo, PS Gerrits, T Verma, VB Nam, SW AF Kuo, Paulina S. Gerrits, Thomas Verma, Varun B. Nam, Sae Woo TI Spectral correlation and interference in non-degenerate photon pairs at telecom wavelengths SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; ENTANGLED PHOTONS; GENERATION; LIGHT AB We characterize an entangled-photon-pair source that produces signal and idler photons at 1533 nm and 1567 nm using fiber-assisted signal-photon spectroscopy. By erasing the polarization distinguishability, we observe interference between the two down-conversion paths. The observed interference signature is closely related to the spectral correlations between photons in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. These measurements suggest good indistinguishability between the two down-conversion paths, which is required for high entanglement visibility. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Kuo, Paulina S.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gerrits, Thomas; Verma, Varun B.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kuo, PS (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paulina.kuo@nist.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 21 BP 5074 EP 5077 DI 10.1364/OL.41.005074 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA EA8YJ UT WOS:000386925800057 PM 27805689 ER PT J AU Johnston-Peck, AC DuChene, JS Roberts, AD Wei, WD Herzing, AA AF Johnston-Peck, Aaron C. DuChene, Joseph S. Roberts, Alan D. Wei, Wei David Herzing, Andrew A. TI Dose-rate-dependent damage of cerium dioxide in the scanning transmission electron microscope SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Scanning transmission electron microscopy; Point defects; Beam damage; Cerium dioxide ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; BEAM DAMAGE; DESORPTION; REDUCTION; OXIDATION; SURFACE; FILMS; CEO2; STEM; TEM AB Beam damage caused by energetic electrons in the transmission electron microscope is a fundamental constraint limiting the collection of artifact-free information. Through understanding the influence of the electron beam, experimental routines may be adjusted to improve the data collection process. Investigations of CeO2 indicate that there is not a critical dose required for the accumulation of electron beam damage. Instead, measurements using annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy demonstrate that the onset of measurable damage occurs when a critical dose rate is exceeded. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is that oxygen vacancies created by exposure to a 300 keV electron beam are actively annihilated as the sample re-oxidizes in the microscope environment. As a result, only when the rate of vacancy creation exceeds the recovery rate will beam damage begin to accumulate. This observation suggests that dose-intensive experiments can be accomplished without disrupting the native structure of the sample when executed using dose rates below the appropriate threshold. Furthermore, the presence of an encapsulating carbonaceous layer inhibits processes that cause beam damage, markedly increasing the dose rate threshold for the accumulation of damage. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Johnston-Peck, Aaron C.; Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [DuChene, Joseph S.; Roberts, Alan D.; Wei, Wei David] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [DuChene, Joseph S.; Roberts, Alan D.; Wei, Wei David] Univ Florida, Ctr Nanostruct Elect Mat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Johnston-Peck, AC (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aaron.johnston-peck@nist.gov FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Award [FA9550-14-1-0304]; National Science Foundation [CHE-1308644]; CCI Center for Nanostructured Electronic Materials [CHE-1038015] FX This research was performed while A.C.J.-P. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. W.D.W., J.S.D., and A.D.R. thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Award no. FA9550-14-1-0304 and the National Science Foundation for support under Grant CHE-1308644 and the CCI Center for Nanostructured Electronic Materials (CHE-1038015). A.D.R. acknowledges the University of Florida Howard Hughes Medical Institute Intramural Award. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD NOV PY 2016 VL 170 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.07.002 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA EA8YH UT WOS:000386925500001 PM 27469265 ER PT J AU Taheri, ML Stach, EA Arslan, I Crozier, PA Kabius, BC LaGrange, T Minor, AM Takeda, S Tanase, M Wagner, JB Sharma, R AF Taheri, Mitra L. Stach, Eric A. Arslan, Ilke Crozier, P. A. Kabius, Bernd C. LaGrange, Thomas Minor, Andrew M. Takeda, Seiji Tanase, Mihaela Wagner, Jakob B. Sharma, Renu TI Current status and future directions for in situ transmission electron microscopy SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Review DE In situ TEM; Heating holder; Indentation holder; Liquid/gas cell holder; ETEM; DTEM; Direct electron detectors; Phase transformation; Structure property relationship; Gas/liquid-solid interactions ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; TRANSIENT STRUCTURES; CATALYST REACTIONS; TEM; LIQUID; GROWTH; NANOPARTICLES; INTERFACE; OXIDATION AB This review article discusses the current and future possibilities for the application of in situ transmission electron microscopy to reveal synthesis pathways and functional mechanisms in complex and nanoscale materials. The findings of a group of scientists, representing academia, government labs and private sector entities (predominantly commercial vendors) during a workshop, held at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology-National Institute of Science and Technology (CNST-NIST), are discussed. We provide a comprehensive review of the scientific needs and future instrument and technique developments required to meet them. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Taheri, Mitra L.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Stach, Eric A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Arslan, Ilke] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Phys & Computat Sci Directorate, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Crozier, P. A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Kabius, Bernd C.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [LaGrange, Thomas] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, 7000 East Ave,PO 808 L-356, Livermore, CA USA. [Minor, Andrew M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, One Cyclotron Rd,MS-72, Berkeley, CA USA. [Minor, Andrew M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, One Cyclotron Rd,MS-72, Berkeley, CA USA. [Takeda, Seiji] Osaka Univ, ISIR, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. [Tanase, Mihaela; Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wagner, Jakob B.] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Electron Nanoscopy, Lyngby, Denmark. [LaGrange, Thomas] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, SB CIME GE, Interdisciplinary Ctr Electron Microscopy, MXC 134 Batiment MXC, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Sharma, R (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM renu.sharma@nist.gov RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Wagner, Jakob/H-5392-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; Wagner, Jakob/0000-0002-2945-0190 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 72 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD NOV PY 2016 VL 170 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.08.007 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA EA8YH UT WOS:000386925500010 PM 27566048 ER PT J AU Johnson, ME Bustos, ARM Winchester, MR AF Johnson, Monique E. Bustos, Antonio R. Montoro Winchester, Michael R. TI Practical utilization of spICP-MS to study sucrose density gradient centrifugation for the separation of nanoparticles SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sucrose density gradient centrifugation; ICP-MS; spICP-MS; Gold nanoparticles ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; GOLD; NANOCRYSTALS; CHEMISTRY; CATALYST AB Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) is shown to be a practical technique to study the efficacy of rate-zonal sucrose density gradient centrifugation (SDGC) separations of mixtures of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in liquid suspension. spICP-MS enabled measurements of AuNP size distributions and particle number concentrations along the gradient, allowing unambiguous evaluations of the effectiveness of the separation. Importantly, these studies were conducted using AuNP concentrations that are directly relevant to environmental studies (sub ng mL(-1)). At such low concentrations, other techniques [e.g., dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission and scanning electron microscopies (TEM and SEM), UV-vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM)] do not have adequate sensitivity, highlighting the inherent value of spICP-MS for this and similar applications. In terms of the SDGC separations, a mixture containing three populations of AuNPs, having mean diameters of 30, 80, and 150 nm, was fully separated, while separations of two other mixtures (30, 60, 100 nm; and 20, 50, 100 nm) were less successful. Finally, it is shown that the separation capacity of SDGC can be overwhelmed when particle number concentrations are excessive, an especially relevant finding in view of common methodologies taken in nanotechnology research. C1 [Johnson, Monique E.; Bustos, Antonio R. Montoro; Winchester, Michael R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johnson, ME; Bustos, ARM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM monique.johnson@nist.gov; antonio.montorobustos@nist.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 408 IS 27 BP 7629 EP 7640 DI 10.1007/s00216-016-9844-x PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DZ7QP UT WOS:000386061300013 PM 27503544 ER PT J AU Bost, PC Strynar, MJ Reiner, JL Zweigenbaum, JA Secoura, PL Lindstrom, AB Dye, JA AF Bost, Phillip C. Strynar, Mark J. Reiner, Jessica L. Zweigenbaum, Jerry A. Secoura, Patricia L. Lindstrom, Andrew B. Dye, Janice A. TI US domestic cats as sentinels for perfluoroalkyl substances: Possible linkages with housing, obesity, and disease SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cats; Obesity; Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS); Sentinels ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; SULFONATE PFOS EXPOSURE; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; COMPARATIVE PHARMACOKINETICS; LIVER-FUNCTION; ANIMAL-MODEL; ONE HEALTH; PET CATS AB Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are persistent, globally distributed, anthropogenic compounds. The primary source(s) for human exposure are not well understood although within home exposure is likely important since many consumer products have been treated with different PFAS, and people spend much of their lives indoors. Herein, domestic cats were used as sentinels to investigate potential exposure and health linkages. PFAS in serum samples of 72 pet and feral cats, including 11 healthy and 61 with one or more primary disease diagnoses, were quantitated using high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. All but one sample had detectable PFAS, with PFOS and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) ranging from < LOQ to 121 and < LOQ to 235 ng/mL, respectively. PFAS prevalence and geometric means in cats were very similar to contemporary NHANES reports of human sera in the U. S. population. The highest PFAS serum concentrations detected were in indoor cats due to disproportionately elevated PFHxS levels. Ranked by quartile, contingency testing indicated that total PFAS levels were positively associated with living indoors and with higher body weight and body condition scores. Individual PFAS quartile rankings suggested positive associations with respiratory effusion, thyroid, liver, and possibly chronic kidney disease. Domestic cats appear to be useful sentinels for assessing primary PFAS exposure routes, especially indoor sources of relevance to children. Additional case-control studies in pet cats are warranted to better define the potential health associations observed herein. A "One Health" approach assessing humans, pets, and their common environment may improve our understanding of chronic, low-level, largely indoor, PFAS exposure and effects in humans and animals alike. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Bost, Phillip C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Strynar, Mark J.; Lindstrom, Andrew B.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Exposure Methods & Measurement Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Reiner, Jessica L.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Zweigenbaum, Jerry A.] Agilent Technol, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA. [Secoura, Patricia L.] North Carolina State Univ, Vet Teaching Hosp, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Dye, Janice A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dye, JA (reprint author), US EPA, ORD NHEERL EPHD, Mail Drop B-105-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dye.janice@epa.gov FU [EP10D000071] FX This work was conducted with assistance from Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADA) with Agilent Technologies (#437-07). It was partially supported under Student Service Contract # EP10D000071. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 151 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.027 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EA2HO UT WOS:000386413600017 PM 27479711 ER PT J AU Carls, MG Holland, L Irvine, GV Mann, DH Lindeberg, M AF Carls, Mark G. Holland, Larry Irvine, Gail V. Mann, Daniel H. Lindeberg, Mandy TI PETROLEUM BIOMARKERS AS TRACERS OF EXXON VALDEZ OIL SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biomarker; Exxon Valdez oil; Forensic ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SUBTIDAL SEDIMENTS; NORTHERN GULF; MUSSEL BEDS; ALASKA; SPILL; PERSISTENCE; BEACHES; HYDROCARBONS; EMBAYMENTS AB Over the past quarter century, petroleum biomarkers have persisted in sequestered Exxon Valdez oil in Prince William Sound and the Gulf of Alaska (USA), and hence the oil has remained identifiable. These biomarkers are molecular fossils derived from biochemicals in previously living organisms. Novel pattern matching indicated the presence of Alaska North Slope crude oil (ANSCO) over the entire observation period at most sites (7 of 9) and distinguished this source from several other potential sources. The presence of ANSCO was confirmed with Nordtest forensics, demonstrating the veracity of the new method. The principal advantage of the new method is that it provides sample-specific identification, whereas the Nordtest approach is based on multisample statistics. Biomarkers were conserved relative to other constituents, and thus concentrations (per g oil) in initial beach samples were greater than those in fresh oil because they were lost more slowly than more labile oil constituents such as straight-chain alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. However, biomarker concentrations consistently declined thereafter (1989-2014), although loss varied substantially among and within sites. Isoprenoid loss was substantially greater than tricyclic triterpane, hopane, and sterane loss. (C) 2016 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is aUS government work and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Carls, Mark G.; Holland, Larry; Lindeberg, Mandy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Carls, Mark G.; Holland, Larry; Lindeberg, Mandy] NOAA, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Irvine, Gail V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Mann, Daniel H.] Univ Alaska, Sch Nat Resources, Geog Program, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Carls, MG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99802 USA.; Carls, MG (reprint author), NOAA, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM mark.carls@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2683 EP 2690 DI 10.1002/etc.3454 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EA2XU UT WOS:000386461000006 PM 27067268 ER PT J AU Khani, S Waite, ML AF Khani, Sina Waite, Michael L. TI Backscatter in stratified turbulence SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS B-FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Stratified turbulence; Direct numerical simulations; Up- and downscale energy transfer ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SUBGRID-SCALE BACKSCATTER; VISCOSITY; FLOWS; MODEL; FLUID; BUOYANCY AB In this paper, kinetic and potential energy transfers around a spectral test filter scale in direct numerical simulations of decaying stratified turbulence are studied in both physical and spectral domains. It is shown that while the domain-averaged effective subgrid scale energy transfer in physical space is a net downscale cascade, it is actually a combination of large values of downscale and upscale transfer, i.e. forward- and backscatter, in which the forward scatter is slightly dominant. Our results suggest that spectral backscatter in stratified turbulence depends on the buoyancy Reynolds number R-eb and the filtering scale Delta(test). When the test filter scale Delta(test) is around the dissipation scale L-d, transfer spectra show spectral backscatter from sub-filter to intermediate scales, as reported elsewhere. However, we find that this spectral backscatter is due to viscous effects at vertical scales around the test filter. It is also shown that there is a non-local energy transfer from scales larger than the buoyancy scale L-b to small scales. The effective turbulent Prandtl number spectra demonstrate that the assumption Pr-t approximate to 1 is reasonable for the local energy transfer. (C) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Khani, Sina] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Wind Engn & Renewable Energy Lab WiRE, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Khani, Sina; Waite, Michael L.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Appl Math, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Khani, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM sinakhani@uwaterloo.ca OI Khani, Sina/0000-0002-8319-4263 FU Canada Foundation for Innovation under Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; University of Toronto; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-386456-2015] FX This work benefited from comments by J.A. Domaradzki, K.G. Lamb and M. Stastna and two anonymous reviewers. Computations were performed on the gpc supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada; the Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. Also, This work was made possible by the facilities of the Shared Hierarchical Academic Research Computing Network (SHARCNET: www.sharcnet.ca) and Compute/Calcul Canada. In addition, computing resources from the Mathematical Faculty Computing Facility of the University of Waterloo are gratefully appreciated. Financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant number RGPIN-386456-2015) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0997-7546 EI 1873-7390 J9 EUR J MECH B-FLUID JI Eur. J. Mech. B-Fluids PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 60 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2016.06.012 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA DZ9JV UT WOS:000386192100001 ER PT J AU Brick, JM Andrews, WR Mathiowetz, NA AF Brick, J. Michael Andrews, William R. Mathiowetz, Nancy A. TI Single-phase Mail Survey Design for Rare Population Subgroups SO FIELD METHODS LA English DT Review ID GENERAL-POPULATION AB Although using random digit dialing (RDD) telephone samples was the preferred method for conducting surveys of households for many years, declining response and coverage rates have led researchers to explore alternative approaches. The use of address-based sampling (ABS) has been examined for sampling the general population and subgroups, most often using mail or invitations to web surveys. For surveying rare groups, these studies often involve multiple phases to identify eligible population members and then collect responses. We describe a new approach for surveying rare subgroups using ABS with a single-phase mail survey. The study incorporates a new method for using a list frame with the ABS frame to increase the yield of the subgroup of interest while avoiding a potential bias inherent in many dual-frame survey designs. The findings suggest that the new approach is both efficient and effective for identifying and measuring a rare population. C1 [Brick, J. Michael] Univ Maryland, Westat, Rockville, MD USA. [Brick, J. Michael] Univ Maryland, JPSM, Rockville, MD USA. [Andrews, William R.] NOAA, Fisheries Stat Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Mathiowetz, Nancy A.] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, 1430 N Jenkins Dr, Oconomowoc, WI 53066 USA. RP Mathiowetz, NA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, 1430 N Jenkins Dr, Oconomowoc, WI 53066 USA. EM nancym2@uwm.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1525-822X EI 1552-3969 J9 FIELD METHOD JI Field Methods PD NOV PY 2016 VL 28 IS 4 BP 381 EP 395 DI 10.1177/1525822X15616926 PG 15 WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA DZ6ZB UT WOS:000386011000004 ER PT J AU Rand, MS Baldwin, KS Bangma, J Barbeau, T Bermudez, DS Bernhard, M Botha, H Bowden, JA Brock, JW Cantu, T Crain, DA Davis, E Doheny, B Edwards, TM Girling, J Gunderson, MP Hamlin, HJ Kohno, S Larkin, IV Martinot, A Masson, GR Matter, J McCoy, KA McNabb, NA Milnes, MR Moore, BC Nilsen, FM Orlando, EF Palmer, B Parrott, BB Rainwater, TR Roark, AM Rooney, AA Tubbs, CW Wenzel, AG Williams, CE AF Rand, Matthew S. Baldwin, Kevin S. Bangma, Jacqueline Barbeau, Tamatha Bermudez, Dieldrich S. Bernhard, Melissa Botha, Hannes Bowden, John A. Brock, John W. Cantu, Theresa Crain, D. Andrew Davis, Elizabeth Doheny, Brenna Edwards, Thea M. Girling, Jane Gunderson, Mark P. Hamlin, Heather J. Kohno, Satomi Larkin, Iske V. Martinot (Jezek), Amanda Masson, Greg R. Matter, John McCoy, Krista A. McNabb, Nicole A. Milnes, Matthew R. Moore, Brandon C. Nilsen, Frances M. Orlando, Edward F. Palmer, Brent Parrott, Benjamin B. Rainwater, Thomas R. Roark, Alison M. Rooney, Andrew A. Tubbs, Christopher W. Wenzel, Abby G. Williams, Cameron E. TI In memory of Professor Louis J. Guillette, Jr. In Memoriam SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Rand, Matthew S.] Carleton Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. [Baldwin, Kevin S.] Monmouth Coll, Monmouth, IL USA. [Bangma, Jacqueline; Doheny, Brenna; Kohno, Satomi; Nilsen, Frances M.; Parrott, Benjamin B.] Med Univ South Carolina, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Barbeau, Tamatha] Francis Marion Univ, Florence, SC USA. [Bermudez, Dieldrich S.] SC Johnson, Racine, WI USA. [Bernhard, Melissa] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Botha, Hannes] Univ Limpopo, Mpumalanga Tourism & Parks Agcy, Polokwane, South Africa. [Bowden, John A.] NIST, Charleston, SC USA. [Brock, John W.] Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC USA. [Cantu, Theresa] Med Univ South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. [Crain, D. Andrew] Maryville Coll, Maryville, TN USA. [Davis, Elizabeth] Butler Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA. [Edwards, Thea M.; Moore, Brandon C.] Univ South, Sewanee, TN USA. [Girling, Jane] Univ Melbourne, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Gunderson, Mark P.] Coll Idaho, Caldwell, ID USA. [Hamlin, Heather J.] Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Larkin, Iske V.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Martinot (Jezek), Amanda] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA. [Masson, Greg R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Brunswick, ME USA. [Matter, John] Juniata Coll, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. [McCoy, Krista A.] East Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [McNabb, Nicole A.] Coll Charleston, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. Mars Hill Univ, Mars Hill, NC USA. [Orlando, Edward F.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Palmer, Brent] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Rainwater, Thomas R.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Roark, Alison M.] Furman Univ, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. [Rooney, Andrew A.] NIEHS, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Tubbs, Christopher W.] San Diego Zoo Global Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA USA. [Wenzel, Abby G.] Med Univ South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. [Williams, Cameron E.] Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC USA. RP Rand, MS (reprint author), Carleton Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. EM mrand@carleton.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 238 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.02.014 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DZ9KW UT WOS:000386195000001 ER PT J AU McCoy, KA Roark, AM Boggs, ASP Bowden, JA Cruze, L Edwards, TM Hamlin, HJ Cantu, TM Mccoy, JA McNabb, NA Wenzel, AG Williams, CE Kohno, S AF McCoy, Krista A. Roark, Alison M. Boggs, Ashley S. P. Bowden, John A. Cruze, Lori Edwards, Thea M. Hamlin, Heather J. Cantu, Theresa M. McCoy, Jessica A. McNabb, Nicole A. Wenzel, Abby G. Williams, Cameron E. Kohno, Satomi TI Integrative and comparative reproductive biology: From alligators to xenobiotics SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Louis J. Guillette Jr.; Endocrine disrupting chemicals; Variation; Reproductive biology; Evolution of placenta; Temperature-dependent sex determination ID JUVENILE AMERICAN ALLIGATORS; DEPENDENT SEX DETERMINATION; MOSQUITOFISH GAMBUSIA-HOLBROOKI; 2 FLORIDA LAKES; THYROID-HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS; PLASMA STEROID CONCENTRATIONS; BARRIER-ISLAND POPULATION; TURTLE PSEUDEMYS-NELSONI; CATTLE FEEDLOT EFFLUENT; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA AB Dr. Louis J. Guillette Jr. thought of himself as a reproductive biologist. However, his interest in reproductive biology transcended organ systems, life history stages, species, and environmental contexts. His integrative and collaborative nature led to diverse and fascinating research projects conducted all over the world. He doesn't leave us with a single legacy. Instead, he entrusts us with several. The purpose of this review is to highlight those legacies, in both breadth and diversity, and to illustrate Dr. Guillette's grand contributions to the field of reproductive biology. He has challenged the field to reconsider how we think about our data, championed development of novel and innovative techniques to measure endocrine function, helped define the field of endocrine disruption, and lead projects to characterize new endocrine disrupting chemicals. He significantly influenced our understanding of evolution, and took bold and important steps to translate all that he has learned into advances in human reproductive health. We hope that after reading this manuscript our audience will appreciate and continue Dr. Guillette's practice of open-minded and passionate collaboration to understand the basic mechanisms driving reproductive physiology and to ultimately apply those findings to protect and improve wildlife and human health. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McCoy, Krista A.] East Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Roark, Alison M.] Furman Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. [Boggs, Ashley S. P.; Bowden, John A.; Wenzel, Abby G.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Environm Chem Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Cruze, Lori] Wofford Coll, Dept Biol, Spartanburg, SC 29303 USA. [Edwards, Thea M.] Univ South, Dept Biol, Sewanee, TN 37383 USA. [Hamlin, Heather J.] Univ Maine, Inst Aquaculture Res, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Cantu, Theresa M.; McCoy, Jessica A.; McNabb, Nicole A.; Wenzel, Abby G.; Williams, Cameron E.; Kohno, Satomi] Med Univ South Carolina, Hollings Marine Lab, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [McNabb, Nicole A.; Williams, Cameron E.] Univ Charleston Coll Charleston, Grad Program Marine Biol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Kohno, S (reprint author), Med Univ South Carolina, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM kohno@musc.edu OI Kohno, Satomi/0000-0001-6184-3616 FU Marine Genomics Fellowship, Graduate Program in Marine Biology, University of Charleston at the College of Charleston; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative [GoMRI-031] FX This work was partially supported by Marine Genomics Fellowship, Graduate Program in Marine Biology, University of Charleston at the College of Charleston (N.A.M. & C.E.W.) and Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative, GoMRI-031 (S.K.). NR 130 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 238 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.03.026 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DZ9KW UT WOS:000386195000004 PM 27013381 ER PT J AU Cantu, TM Bowden, JA Scott, J Perez-Viscasillas, JB Huncik, K Guillette, MP Guillette, LJ AF Cantu, Theresa M. Bowden, John A. Scott, Jacob Perez-Viscasillas, Jimena B. Huncik, Kevin Guillette, Matthew P. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. TI \Alterations in eicosanoid composition during embryonic development in the chorioallantoic membrane of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American alligator; Eicosanoid; Prostaglandin; Chorioallantoic membrane; Oviparous; Amniotes; Cyclooxygenase ID RESOLVING LIPID MEDIATORS; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; PLACENTAL TROPHOBLAST; SCELOPORUS-JARROVI; VIVIPAROUS LIZARD; URINARY-EXCRETION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EARLY-PREGNANCY; PROSTAGLANDINS; PREECLAMPSIA AB Eicosanoids are signaling lipids known to regulate several physiological processes in the mammalian placenta, including the initiation of parturition. Though all amniotes construct similar extraembryonic membranes during development, the composition and function of eicosanoids in extraembryonic membranes of oviparous reptiles is largely unknown. The majority of effort placed in eicosanoid investigations is typically targeted toward defining the role of specific compounds in disease etiology; however, comprehensive characterization of several pathways in eicosanoid synthesis during development is also needed to better understand the complex role of these lipids in comparative species. To this end, we have examined the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) during development. Previously, our lab has demonstrated that the CAM of several oviparous species shared conserved steroidogenic activity, a feature originally attributed to mammalian amniotes. To further explore this, we have developed a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method that is used here to quantify multiple eicosanoids in the CAM of two oviparous species at different stages of development. We identified 18 eicosanoids in the alligator CAM; the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway showed the largest increase from early development to later development in the alligator CAM. Similarly, the chicken CAM had an increase in COX products and COX activity, which supports the LC-MS/MS analyses. jointly, our findings indicate that the CAM tissue of an oviparous species is capable of eicosanoid synthesis, which expands our knowledge of placental evolution and introduces the possibility of future comparative models of placental function. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cantu, Theresa M.; Guillette, Matthew P.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ South Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Cantu, Theresa M.; Scott, Jacob; Guillette, Matthew P.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bowden, John A.; Huncik, Kevin] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Environm Chem Sci Grp, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Perez-Viscasillas, Jimena B.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, 205 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Cantu, TM (reprint author), Med Univ South Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM theresacantu23@gmail.com FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DBI-1359079]; CoEE Center for Marine Genomics; MUSC Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Health Summer undergraduate research program (SURP); College of Charleston NSF-REU program; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative [GoMRI-031] FX This report is based on work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Award No. DBI-1359079, grants from the CoEE Center for Marine Genomics (LJG), MUSC Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Health Summer undergraduate research program (SURP), and College of Charleston NSF-REU program. TMC was supported by grant #GoMRI-031 awarded to Demetri D. Spyropoulos, Satomi Kohno, and Louis Guillette, Jr. by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative. Data are publicly available through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information & Data Cooperative (GRIIDC) at https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org. We extend our thanks to the staff at Florida Fish and Wildlife and Russell Lowers at KSC for help with alligator egg collection, and other members of the Guillette lab group for help with animal husbandry and sample collection. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 238 BP 78 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.07.006 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DZ9KW UT WOS:000386195000011 PM 27401262 ER PT J AU Gou, SP Li, XF Yang, XF AF Gou, Shuiping Li, Xiaofeng Yang, Xiaofeng TI Coastal Zone Classification With Fully Polarimetric SAR Imagery SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Image classification; polarimetry; sea coast; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID SEGMENTATION; DECOMPOSITION AB Classifying different types of land cover in coastal zones using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is a challenge due to the fact that many types of coastal zone have similar backscattering characteristics. In this letter, we propose an unsupervised method based on a three-channel joint sparse representation (SR) classification with fully polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) data. The proposed method utilizes both texture and polarimetric feature information extracted from the HH, HV, and VV channels of a SAR image. The texture features are extracted by applying a wavelet transform to a SAR image, and then sparsely represented based on the correlation among the three channels. The polarimetric features, i.e., the scattering entropy and scattering angle from the H/alpha model, are also sparsely represented. A joint SR algorithm using both texture and polarimetric features is constructed to establish target dictionaries. An orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is then used to calculate sparse coefficients. Hybrid coefficients are inputted to the kernel support vector machine for a fully PolSAR image classification. We applied the proposed algorithm to an Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 L-band SAR image acquired in the Yellow River Delta, China. The classified land types are validated against the official survey map. The algorithm performs well in distinguishing six coastal land-use types. A comparison study is also conducted to show that proposed algorithm outperforms two commonly used classification methods. C1 [Gou, Shuiping] Xidian Univ, Minist Educ China, Key Lab Intelligent Percept & Image Understanding, Xian 710071, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, Global Sci & Technol, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yang, Xiaofeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, Global Sci & Technol, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [61472306, 61572383] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61472306 and Grant 61572383. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1616 EP 1620 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2016.2597965 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EA0DL UT WOS:000386255600006 ER PT J AU Huber, ML Assael, MJ AF Huber, Marcia L. Assael, Marc J. TI Correlations for the viscosity of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; Correlation; R1234yf, R1234ze(E); Viscosity ID ORGANIC RANKINE-CYCLE; EQUATION-OF-STATE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; POWER-GENERATION; LIQUID VISCOSITY; REFRIGERANTS; MIXTURES; COEFFICIENTS; FLUIDS AB Due to concerns about global warming, there is interest in 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)) as potential replacements for refrigerants with high global warming potential (GWP). In this paper we survey available data and provide viscosity correlations that cover the entire fluid range including vapor, liquid, and supercritical regions. The correlation for R1234yf is valid from the triple point (220 K) to 410 K at pressures up to 30 MPa, and the correlation for R1234ze(E) is valid from the triple point (169 K) to 420 K at pressures up to 100 MPa. The estimated uncertainty for both correlations at a 95% confidence level is 2% for the liquid phase over the temperature range 243 K to 363 K at pressures to 30 MPa, and 3% for the gas phase at atmospheric pressure. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Huber, Marcia L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Assael, Marc J.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece. RP Huber, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Marcia.huber@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 EI 1879-2081 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD NOV PY 2016 VL 71 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.08.007 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA DZ9JQ UT WOS:000386191600006 PM 27840461 ER PT J AU Gehne, M Hamill, TM Kiladis, GN Trenberth, KE AF Gehne, Maria Hamill, Thomas M. Kiladis, George N. Trenberth, Kevin E. TI Comparison of Global Precipitation Estimates across a Range of Temporal and Spatial Scales SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; WATER CYCLE; GRIDDED PRECIPITATION; TROPICAL RAINFALL; FORECAST SYSTEM; GAUGE DATA; SATELLITE; MODEL; LAND; PROJECT AB Characteristics of precipitation estimates for rate and amount fromthree global high-resolution precipitation products (HRPPs), four global climate data records (CDRs), and four reanalyses are compared. All datasets considered have at least daily temporal resolution. Estimates of global precipitation differ widely from one product to the next, with some differences likely due to differing goals in producing the estimates. HRPPs are intended to produce the best snapshot of the precipitation estimate locally. CDRs of precipitation emphasize homogeneity over instantaneous accuracy. Precipitation estimates from global reanalyses are dynamically consistent with the large-scale circulation but tend to compare poorly to rain gauge estimates since they are forecast by the reanalysis system and precipitation is not assimilated. Regional differences among the estimates in the means and variances are as large as the means and variances, respectively. Even with similar monthly totals, precipitation rates vary significantly among the estimates. Temporal correlations among datasets are large at annual and daily time scales, suggesting that compensating bias errors at annual and random errors at daily time scales dominate the differences. However, the signal-to-noise ratio at intermediate (monthly) time scales can be large enough to result in high correlations overall. It is shown that differences on annual time scales and continental regions are around 0.8mmday 21, which corresponds to 23 W m(-2). These wide variations in the estimates, even for global averages, highlight the need for better constrained precipitation products in the future. C1 [Gehne, Maria] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hamill, Thomas M.; Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Trenberth, Kevin E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Gehne, M (reprint author), NOAA, CU Boulder CIRES, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, ESRL Phys Sci Div, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM maria.gehne@noaa.gov FU NOAA [NA14NWS4830003]; Disaster Relief Appropriations Act; DOE Office of Science [DE-SC0012711]; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program FX Gehne's research is sponsored by the NOAA Sandy Supplemental Grant NA14NWS4830003. Hamill's research was funded by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013. Trenberth's research is partially sponsored by DOE Office of Science Grant DE-SC0012711. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments and insight. We thank reviewer 1 for suggesting the particular interpretation of the correlation results. ERA-Interim data are provided courtesy of ECMWF and the Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The CFSR dataset is provided from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) project carried out by the Environmental Modeling Center (EMC), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The JRA-55 dataset is provided by the Japanese 55-yearReanalysis project carried out by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). MERRA was developed by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office and supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program. Source data files can be acquired from the Goddard Earth Science Data Information Services Center (GES DISC). NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 29 IS 21 BP 7773 EP 7795 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0618.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ9OH UT WOS:000386205900012 ER PT J AU Li, YL Han, WQ Wang, WQ Ravichandran, M AF Li, Yuanlong Han, Weiqing Wang, Wanqiu Ravichandran, M. TI Intraseasonal Variability of SST and Precipitation in the Arabian Sea during the Indian Summer Monsoon: Impact of Ocean Mixed Layer Depth SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; 40-50 DAY OSCILLATION; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DIURNAL CYCLE; ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; NORTHWARD PROPAGATION; SOLAR-RADIATION; COUPLED MODEL; WARM POOL AB This study investigates sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation variations in the eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) induced by the northward-propagating Indian summer monsoon (ISM) intraseasonal oscillations (MISOs) through analyzing satellite observations and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and performing ocean general circulation model (OGCM) experiments. MISOs in the EAS achieve the largest intensity in the developing stage (May-June) of the ISM. The MISOs induce intraseasonal SST variability primarily through surface heat flux forcing, contributed by both shortwave radiation and turbulent heat flux, and secondarily through mixed layer entrainment. The shallow mixed layer depth (MLD < 40 m) in the developing stage and decaying stage (September-October) of the ISM significantly amplifies the heat flux forcing effect on SST and causes large intraseasonal SST variability. Meanwhile, the high SST (>29 degrees C) in the developing stage leads to enhanced response of MISO convection to SST anomaly. It means that the ocean state of the EAS region during the developing stage favors active two-way air-sea interaction and the formation of the strong first-pulse MISO event. These results provide compelling evidence for the vital role played by the ocean in the MISO mechanisms and have implications for understanding and forecasting the ISM onset. Compared to satellite observation, MISOs in CFSR data have weaker SST variability by similar to 50% and biased SST-precipitation relation. Reducing these biases in CFSR, which provides initial conditions of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2), may help improve the ISM rainfall forecast. C1 [Li, Yuanlong; Han, Weiqing] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Campus Box 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. [Ravichandran, M.] Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Campus Box 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM yuanlong.li@colorado.edu OI Ravichandran, Muthalagu/0000-0002-4602-0731 FU Earth System Science Organization, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India [SSC-03-002, MM/SERP/CNRS/2013/INT-10/002]; NASA Ocean Vector Wind Science Team Award [NNX14AM68G] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support given by the Earth System Science Organization, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India (Grant SSC-03-002; Project MM/SERP/CNRS/2013/INT-10/002), to conduct this research under Monsoon Mission. The research is also supported by NASA Ocean Vector Wind Science Team Award NNX14AM68G. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments for improving the manuscript. We appreciate the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) CISL and the Office of Information Technology (OIT) of University of Colorado for providing and maintaining the computational resource. CFSR data are provided by NOMADS (http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/) and NCAR (http://rda.ucar.edu/pub/cfsr.html); TRMM TMPA level 3B42 precipitation product is available online (http://mirador.gsfc.nasa.gov/); TRMM TMI SST product was downloaded from the TMI website (http://www.remss.com/missions/tmi); CCMP sea surface wind data were downloaded from NASA (http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/); CERES radiation data are taken from their website (http://ceres.larc.nasa.gov/); OAFlux latent and turbulent heat fluxes are provided by Dr. Lisan Yu (http://oaflux.whoi.edu/); gridded Argo in situ observational data are provided by Dr. Shigeki Hosoda (ftp://ftp2.jamstec.go.jp/pub/argo/MOAA_GPV/); and data processing and graphing work in this study are finished using a licensed Matlab program. NR 105 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 29 IS 21 BP 7889 EP 7910 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0238.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ9OH UT WOS:000386205900018 ER PT J AU Pascale, S Bordoni, S Kapnick, SB Vecchi, GA Jia, LW Delworth, TL Underwood, S Anderson, W AF Pascale, Salvatore Bordoni, Simona Kapnick, Sarah B. Vecchi, Gabriel A. Jia, Liwei Delworth, Thomas L. Underwood, Seth Anderson, Whit TI The Impact of Horizontal Resolution on North American Monsoon Gulf of California Moisture Surges in a Suite of Coupled Global Climate Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; MARITIME TROPICAL AIR; EASTERLY WAVES; PART I; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; SUMMER PRECIPITATION; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS AB The impact of atmosphere and ocean horizontal resolution on the climatology of North American monsoon Gulf of California (GoC) moisture surges is examined in a suite of global circulation models (CM2.1, FLOR, CM2.5, CM2.6, and HiFLOR) developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). These models feature essentially the same physical parameterizations but differ in horizontal resolution in either the atmosphere (similar or equal to 200, 50, and 25 km) or the ocean (similar or equal to 18, 0.25 degrees, and 0.1 degrees). Increasing horizontal atmospheric resolution from 200 to 50 km results in a drastic improvement in the model's capability of accurately simulating surge events. The climatological near-surface flow and moisture and precipitation anomalies associated with GoC surges are overall satisfactorily simulated in all higher-resolution models. The number of surge events agrees well with reanalyses, but models tend to underestimate July-August surge-related precipitation and overestimate September surge-related rainfall in the southwestern United States. Large-scale controls supporting the development of GoC surges, such as tropical easterly waves (TEWs), tropical cyclones (TCs), and trans-Pacific Rossby wave trains (RWTs), are also well captured, although models tend to underestimate the TEW and TC magnitude and number. Near-surface GoC surge features and their large-scale forcings (TEWs, TCs, and RWTs) do not appear to be substantially affected by a finer representation of the GoC at higher ocean resolution. However, the substantial reduction of the eastern Pacific warm sea surface temperature bias through flux adjustment in the Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) model leads to an overall improvement of tropical-extratropical controls on GoC moisture surges and the seasonal cycle of precipitation in the southwestern United States. C1 [Pascale, Salvatore; Bordoni, Simona] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kapnick, Sarah B.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Underwood, Seth; Anderson, Whit] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Jia, Liwei] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Pascale, S (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM spascale@gps.caltech.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Kapnick, Sarah/C-5209-2014 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Kapnick, Sarah/0000-0003-0979-3070 FU NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; Davidow Discovery Fund FX S. P. was supported by the NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado. S. B. acknowledges support from the Davidow Discovery Fund. The authors are grateful to A. Rosati for the development of the CM2.5 and CM2.6 models, F. Zeng for producing the CM2.5 dataset, and K. Findell and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on a first version of this manuscript. NR 119 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 29 IS 21 BP 7911 EP 7936 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0199.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ9OH UT WOS:000386205900019 ER PT J AU Murakami, H Vecchi, GA Villarini, G Delworth, TL Gudgel, R Underwood, S Yang, XS Zhang, W Lin, SJ AF Murakami, Hiroyuki Vecchi, Gabriel A. Villarini, Gabriele Delworth, Thomas L. Gudgel, Richard Underwood, Seth Yang, Xiaosong Zhang, Wei Lin, Shian-Jiann TI Seasonal Forecasts of Major Hurricanes and Landfalling Tropical Cyclones using a High-Resolution GFDL Coupled Climate Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID POWER DISSIPATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; SIMULATION; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY; ENSEMBLE; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; PACIFIC; ENSO AB Skillful seasonal forecasting of tropical cyclone (TC; wind speed >= 17.5 m s(-1)) activity is challenging, even more so when the focus is on major hurricanes (wind speed >= 49.4 m s(-1)), the most intense hurricanes (category 4 and 5; wind speed >= 58.1 m s(-1)), and landfalling TCs. This study shows that a 25-km-resolution global climate model [High-Resolution Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) model (HiFLOR)] developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) has improved skill in predicting the frequencies of major hurricanes and category 4 and 5 hurricanes in the North Atlantic as well as landfalling TCs over the United States and Caribbean islands a few months in advance, relative to its 50-km-resolution predecessor climate model (FLOR). HiFLOR also shows significant skill in predicting category 4 and 5 hurricanes in the western North Pacific and eastern North Pacific, while both models show comparable skills in predicting basin-total and landfalling TC frequency in the basins. The improved skillful forecasts of basin-total TCs, major hurricanes, and category 4 and 5 hurricane activity in the North Atlantic by HiFLOR are obtained mainly by improved representation of the TCs and their response to climate from the increased horizontal resolution rather than by improvements in large-scale parameters. C1 [Murakami, Hiroyuki; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Gudgel, Richard; Yang, Xiaosong; Zhang, Wei; Lin, Shian-Jiann] NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Murakami, Hiroyuki; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Zhang, Wei] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Villarini, Gabriele; Zhang, Wei] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. [Underwood, Seth] NOAA, Engil, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Yang, Xiaosong] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Murakami, H (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM hir.murakami@gmail.com RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1262099]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA14OAR4830101]; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Institute for Water Resources FX This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1262099. This report was prepared by Hiroyuki Murakami under Award NA14OAR4830101 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. Gabriele Villarini also acknowledges financial support from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Institute for Water Resources and Award NA14OAR4830101 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Department of Commerce, or the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. We thank Dr. Baoqiang Xiang and Dr. Liping Zhang for useful comments and suggestions. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Hiroyuki Murakami. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 29 IS 22 BP 7977 EP 7989 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0233.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ9OI UT WOS:000386206100003 ER PT J AU van der Wiel, K Kapnick, SB Vecchi, GA Cooke, WF Delworth, TL Jia, LW Murakami, H Underwood, S Zeng, FR AF van der Wiel, Karin Kapnick, Sarah B. Vecchi, Gabriel A. Cooke, William F. Delworth, Thomas L. Jia, Liwei Murakami, Hiroyuki Underwood, Seth Zeng, Fanrong TI The Resolution Dependence of Contiguous US Precipitation Extremes in Response to CO2 Forcing SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-AMERICAN CLIMATE; HEAVY-PRECIPITATION; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; NEURAL-NETWORKS; FUTURE CHANGES; PART I; MODEL; SIMULATIONS AB Precipitation extremes have a widespread impact on societies and ecosystems; it is therefore important to understand current and future patterns of extreme precipitation. Here, a set of new global coupled climate models with varying atmospheric resolution has been used to investigate the ability of these models to reproduce observed patterns of precipitation extremes and to investigate changes in these extremes in response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The atmospheric resolution was increased from 2 degrees x 2 degrees grid cells (typical resolution in the CMIP5 archive) to 0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees (tropical cyclone permitting). Analysis has been confined to the contiguous United States (CONUS). It is shown that, for these models, integrating at higher atmospheric resolution improves all aspects of simulated extreme precipitation: spatial patterns, intensities, and seasonal timing. In response to 2 x CO2 concentrations, all models show a mean intensification of precipitation rates during extreme events of approximately 3%-4% K-1. However, projected regional patterns of changes in extremes are dependent on model resolution. For example, the highest-resolution models show increased precipitation rates during extreme events in the hurricane season in the U.S. Southeast; this increase is not found in the low-resolution model. These results emphasize that, for the study of extreme precipitation there is a minimum model resolution that is needed to capture the weather phenomena generating the extremes. Finally, the observed record and historical model experiments were used to investigate changes in the recent past. In part because of large intrinsic variability, no evidence was found for changes in extreme precipitation attributable to climate change in the available observed record. C1 [van der Wiel, Karin; Jia, Liwei; Murakami, Hiroyuki] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [van der Wiel, Karin; Kapnick, Sarah B.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Cooke, William F.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Jia, Liwei; Murakami, Hiroyuki; Underwood, Seth; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Cooke, William F.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP van der Wiel, K (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM kwiel@princeton.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Kapnick, Sarah/C-5209-2014 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Kapnick, Sarah/0000-0003-0979-3070 FU U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA14OAR4320106] FX The authors thank Vaishali Naik and Angel G. Munoz for helpful reviews of an earlier draft. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. Funding for this work was supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, to the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science (Award NA14OAR4320106), and to the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. CPC U.S. unified precipitation data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRLPSD, Boulder, Colorado, from their website (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.unified.daily.conus.html ). PRISM data were provided by PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, from their website (http://www.prism.oregonstate.edu). PERSIANN-CDR data were provided by the NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI, Asheville, North Carolina, from their download site (ftp://eclipse.ncdc.noaa.gov/). MERRA-2 data were provided by the NASA/GEC/DISC, Greenbelt, Maryland, from their website (http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/daac-bin/FTPSubset2.pl). NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 29 IS 22 BP 7991 EP 8012 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0307.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ9OI UT WOS:000386206100004 ER PT J AU Rugg, A Foltz, GR Perez, RC AF Rugg, Allyson Foltz, Gregory R. Perez, Renellys C. TI Role of Mixed Layer Dynamics in Tropical North Atlantic Interannual Sea Surface Temperature Variability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID HEAT-FLUX; MERIDIONAL MODE; UPPER OCEAN; SST; WIND; CLIMATE; OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS; GRADIENT AB This study examines the causes of observed sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical North Atlantic between 1982 and 2015. The emphasis is on the boreal winter and spring seasons, when tropical Atlantic SSTs project strongly onto the Atlantic meridional mode (AMM). Results from a composite analysis of satellite and reanalysis data show important forcing of SST anomalies by wind-driven changes in mixed layer depth and shortwave radiation between 5 degrees and 10 degrees N, in addition to the well-known positive wind-evaporation-SST and shortwave radiation-SST feedbacks between 5 degrees and 20 degrees N. Anomalous surface winds also drive pronounced thermocline depth anomalies of opposite signs in the eastern equatorial Atlantic and intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ; 2 degrees-8 degrees N). A major new finding is that there is strong event-to-event variability in the impact of thermocline depth on SST in the ITCZ region, in contrast to the more consistent relationship in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. Much stronger anomalies of meridional wind stress, thermocline depth, and vertical turbulent cooling are found in the ITCZ region during a negative AMM event in 2009 compared to a negative event in 2015 and a positive event in 2010, despite SST anomalies of similar magnitude in the early stages of each event. The larger anomalies in 2009 led to a much stronger and longer-lived event. Possible causes of the inconsistent relationship between thermocline depth and SST in the ITCZ region are discussed, including the preconditioning role of the winter cross-equatorial SST gradient. C1 [Rugg, Allyson] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Foltz, Gregory R.; Perez, Renellys C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Perez, Renellys C.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853 FU Climate Monitoring Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS); Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; NOAA [NA10OAR4320143]; NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; NOAA's Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship program FX This study was supported by a grant from the Climate Monitoring Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office. The research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and NOAA, cooperative agreement NA10OAR4320143. Additional support was provided by NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, and NOAA's Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship program. The authors thank the PIRATA program for making mooring and shipboard datasets freely available, and Paul Freitag, Michael McPhaden, Daniel Dougherty, Linda Stratton, and Michael Strick for answering questions and making the T-Flex temperature and salinity data available for our analysis. The authors thank Sang-Ki Lee and three anonymous reviewers, who provided insightful comments and suggestions that improved the manuscript, and Rick Lumpkin, who provided an updated version of the near-surface drifter-altimetry synthesis currents. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 29 IS 22 BP 8083 EP 8101 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0867.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ9OI UT WOS:000386206100009 ER PT J AU Yuan, XJ Chen, DK Li, CH Wang, L Wang, WQ AF Yuan, Xiaojun Chen, Dake Li, Cuihua Wang, Lei Wang, Wanqiu TI Arctic Sea Ice Seasonal Prediction by a Linear Markov Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL FORECAST SYSTEM; CLIMATE PREDICTABILITY; INITIAL CONDITIONS; STATIONARY WAVES; VARIABILITY; EXTENT; OCEAN; REANALYSIS; GCM; OSCILLATION AB A linear Markov model has been developed to predict sea ice concentration (SIC) in the pan-Arctic region at intraseasonal to seasonal time scales, which represents an original effort to use a reduced-dimension statistical model in forecasting Arctic sea ice year-round. The model was built to capture covariabilities in the atmosphere-ocean-sea ice system defined by SIC, sea surface temperature, and surface air temperature. Multivariate empirical orthogonal functions of these variables served as building blocks of the model. A series of model experiments were carried out to determine the model's dimension. The predictive skill of the model was evaluated by anomaly correlation and root-mean-square errors in a cross-validated fashion. On average, the model is superior to the predictions by anomaly persistence, damped anomaly persistence, and climatology. The model shows good skill in predicting SIC anomalies within the Arctic basin during summer and fall. Long-term trends partially contribute to the model skill. However, the model still beats the anomaly persistence for all targeted seasons after linear trends are removed. In winter and spring, the predictability is found only in the seasonal ice zone. The model has higher anomaly correlation in the Atlantic sector than in the Pacific sector. The model predicts well the interannual variability of sea ice extent (SIE) but underestimates its accelerated long-term decline, resulting in a systematic model bias. This model bias can be reduced by the constant or linear regression bias corrections, leading to an improved correlation skill of 0.92 by the regression bias correction for the 2-month-lead September SIE prediction. C1 [Yuan, Xiaojun; Chen, Dake; Li, Cuihua; Wang, Lei] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Chen, Dake] SIO SOA, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Wanqiu] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Yuan, XJ (reprint author), Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Rt 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM xyuan@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Wang, Lei/F-1269-2015 OI Wang, Lei/0000-0002-1618-1796 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-0911] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-12-1-0911. Anonymous reviewers' comments helped us greatly improve the quality of the study. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 29 IS 22 BP 8151 EP 8173 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0858.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ9OI UT WOS:000386206100013 ER PT J AU Kieu, C Tallapragada, V Zhang, DL Moon, Z AF Kieu, Chanh Tallapragada, Vijay Zhang, Da-Lin Moon, Zachary TI On the Development of Double Warm-Core Structures in Intense Tropical Cyclones SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE-ANDREW 1992; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; PART I; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MODEL; CYCLE; EYE; ENERGETICS; MOMENTUM AB This study examines the formation of a double warm-core (DWC) structure in intense tropical cyclones (TCs) that was captured in almost all supertyphoon cases during the 2012-14 real-time typhoon forecasts in the northwestern Pacific basin with the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF). By using an idealized configuration of HWRF to focus on the intrinsic mechanism of the DWC formation, it is shown that the development of DWC in intense TCs is accompanied by a thin inflow layer above the typical upper outflow layer. The development of this thin inflow layer in the lower stratosphere (similar to 100-75 hPa), which is associated with an inward pressure gradient force induced by cooling at the cloud top, signifies intricate interaction of TCs with the lower stratosphere as TCs become sufficiently intense, which has not been examined previously. Specifically, it is demonstrated that a higher-level inflow can advect potentially warm air from the lower stratosphere toward the inner-core region, thus forming an upper-level warm core that is separated from a midlevel one of tropospheric air. Such formation of the upper-level warm anomaly in intense TCs is linked to an episode of intensification at the later stage of TC development. While these results are produced by HWRF, the persistent DWC and UIL features in all HWRF simulations of intense TCs suggest that the lower stratosphere may have significant impacts on the inner-core structures of intense TCs beyond the current framework of TCs with a single warm core. C1 [Kieu, Chanh; Moon, Zachary] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Atmospher Program, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Tallapragada, Vijay] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. [Zhang, Da-Lin] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kieu, C (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 1001 10th St,GY517 Atmospher Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM ckieu@indiana.edu RI Zhang, Da-Lin/F-2634-2010 OI Zhang, Da-Lin/0000-0003-1725-283X FU Hurricane Forecasting Improvement Project (HFIP) of NOAA [NA16NWS4680026]; ONR [N000141410143]; NASA [NNX12AJ78G] FX This work was supported by the Hurricane Forecasting Improvement Project (HFIP) of NOAA (Award NA16NWS4680026). DLZ was also supported by ONR Grant N000141410143 and NASA's Grant NNX12AJ78G. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions, which have substantially improved the presentation of this work. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 73 IS 11 BP 4487 EP 4506 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0015.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ6YD UT WOS:000386007800013 ER PT J AU Titov, V Kanoglu, U Synolakis, C AF Titov, Vasily Kanoglu, Utku Synolakis, Costas TI Development of MOST for Real-Time Tsunami Forecasting SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Long wave; Tsunami numerical model; Method of splitting tsunami (MOST); Community modeling interface for tsunamis (ComMIT); Forecasting; Early warning ID NEW-GUINEA TSUNAMI; RUN-UP; FIELD SURVEY; SOLITARY WAVES; CIRCULAR ISLAND; OKI TSUNAMI; FAR-FIELD; AUGUST 27; EARTHQUAKE; MODELS AB The development, testing, and implementation of a real-time tsunami forecast model, the method of splitting tsunami (MOST), is described. MOST is now used as an operational forecast model for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Tsunami Warning System, and as a tsunami hazard assessment tool in the United States and in many countries around the world. Every step in the development of MOST marked new scientific challenges, improvements of technological and computational capabilities, and new demands of the engineering and hazard mitigation communities for applied and benchmark modeling tools for tsunami hazard assessment. C1 [Titov, Vasily] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kanoglu, Utku] Middle East Tech Univ, Dept Engn Sci, Univ ,Mahallesi,Dumlupinar Bulvari 1, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. [Synolakis, Costas] Univ Southern Calif, Sonny Astani Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Viterbi Sch Engn, 3620 S Vermont Ave,KAP 210, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Synolakis, Costas] Tech Univ Crete, Sch Environm Engn, Polytechnioupoli 73100, Chania, Greece. RP Titov, V (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM vasily.titov@noaa.gov; kanoglu@metu.edu.tr; costas@usc.edu FU ASTARTE (Assessment, STrategy And Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe) [603839]; 7th FP [ENV.2013.6.4-3 ENV.2013.6.4-3]; Middle East Technical University (METU); U.S. National Science Foundation [CMMI-1538624]; NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) [4383] FX This paper was partially supported by the project ASTARTE (Assessment, STrategy And Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe) Grant 603839, 7th FP (ENV.2013.6.4-3 ENV.2013.6.4-3) to the Technical University of Crete (TUC), and the Middle East Technical University (METU). C.S. also acknowledges the U.S. National Science Foundation Award CMMI-1538624. This study was partially funded by the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Contribution 4383. The authors acknowledge the invaluable help of numerous USC and TUC Ph.D. students and NOAA personnel, whose specific contributions are cited in the text. NR 123 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X EI 1943-5460 J9 J WATERW PORT COAST JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 142 IS 6 AR UNSP 03116004 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000357 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA EA1RK UT WOS:000386369400007 ER PT J AU Diallo, SO Lin, JYY Abernathy, DL Azuah, RT AF Diallo, S. O. Lin, J. Y. Y. Abernathy, D. L. Azuah, R. T. TI Momentum and energy dependent resolution function of the ARCS neutron chopper spectrometer at high momentum transfer: Comparing simulation and experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Neutron chopper spectrometer; Instrument resolution; Monte-Carlo simulations; Inelastic neutron scattering ID SCATTERING; PACKAGE; VISUALIZATION; LIQUID-HE-4; INSTRUMENT AB Inelastic neutron scattering at high momentum transfers (i.e. Q >= 20 angstrom), commonly known as deep inelastic neutron scattering (DINS), provides direct observation of the momentum distribution of light atoms, making it a powerful probe for studying single-particle motions in liquids and solids. The quantitative analysis of DINS data requires an accurate knowledge of the instrument resolution function R-i(Q, E) at each momentum Q and energy transfer E, where the label i indicates whether the resolution was experimentally observed i = obs or simulated i = sim. Here, we describe two independent methods for determining the total resolution function R-i(Q, E) of the ARCS neutron instrument at the Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The first method uses experimental data from an archetypical system (liquid He-4) studied with DINS, which are then numerically deconvoluted using its previously determined intrinsic scattering function to yield R-obs(Q, E). The second approach uses accurate Monte Carlo simulations of the ARCS spectrometer, which account for all instrument contributions, coupled to a representative scattering kernel to reproduce the experimentally observed response S(Q, E). Using a delta function as scattering kernel, the simulation yields a resolution function R-sim(Q, E) with comparable lineshape and features as R-obs(Q, E), but somewhat narrower due to the ideal nature of the model. Using each of these two R-i(Q, E) separately, we extract characteristic parameters of liquid He-4 such as the intrinsic linewidth alpha(2) (which sets the atomic kinetic energy < K > similar to alpha(2)) in the normal liquid and the Bose-Einstein condensate parameter no in the superfluid phase. The extracted alpha(2) values agree well with previous measurements at saturated vapor pressure (SVP) as well as at elevated pressure (24 bars) within experimental precision, independent of which R-i(Q, y) is used to analyze the data. The actual observed n(0) values at each Q vary little with the model R-i(Q, E), and the effective Q-averaged n(0) values are consistent with each other, and with previously reported values. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Diallo, S. O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lin, J. Y. Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Data Anal & Visualizat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Abernathy, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Azuah, R. T.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20742 USA. [Azuah, R. T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Diallo, SO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM omardiallos@ornl.gov RI Lin, Jiao/A-2529-2016; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012 OI Lin, Jiao/0000-0001-9233-0100; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy FX We wish to thank R. Senesi, T. Prisk, E. Mamontov, H. Bordallo, F.X. Gallmeier, E. Iverson, G.E. Granroth, B. Fultz and H. Glyde for many valuable stimulating discussions. We acknowledge the use of the Mantid software package [31] to reduce the neutron data and the NIST DAVE fitting software [42] for the data analysis. This work is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and U.S. Department of Energy. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 835 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2016.08.027 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA DZ7PH UT WOS:000386057800003 ER PT J AU Graham, SL Kochendorfer, J McMillan, AMS Duncan, MJ Srinivasan, MS Hertzog, G AF Graham, Scott L. Kochendorfer, John McMillan, Andrew M. S. Duncan, Maurice J. Srinivasan, M. S. Hertzog, Gladys TI Effects of agricultural management on measurements, prediction, and partitioning of evapotranspiration in irrigated grasslands SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Eddy covariance; Evaporation; Water-use efficiency; Grazing; Irrigation; Lolium perenne ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; GRAZED TEMPERATE PASTURE; NEW-ZEALAND; EDDY COVARIANCE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DRAINAGE LYSIMETERS; SEMIARID GRASSLANDS; SONIC ANEMOMETER; PRIESTLEY-TAYLOR; SURFACE FLUXES AB Irrigation is an important component of the hydrologic cycle in agricultural ecosystems, affecting both quantity and quality of surface and ground water. Well-managed irrigation involves balancing irrigation with water consumption by evaporation and transpiration (collectively evapotranspiration), maximizing ecosystem water-use efficiency and minimizing drainage. Here we compare rates of actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) measured by eddy covariance with reference evapotranspiration (ET0) calculated from meteorological variables for two irrigated ryegrass systems in central South Island, New Zealand between June 2011 and March 2013. The sites were similar in climate, but contrasted in management: one grazed by dairy cattle and the other harvested annually for seed. Over the first year of measurements, cumulative ETc was very similar at the two sites, totalling 791 and 819 mm for the dairy pasture and seed crop respectively, although temporal patterns of partitioning of ETc amongst evaporation and transpiration differed as a result of management activities. Responses of ETc to global radiation, temperature and vapour pressure deficit were all similar during active growing season periods. Differences between the two sites were observed at the end of the second measurement season, when irrigation was ceased in the seed crop prior to final harvest and ETc was reduced compared to ET0. As a result, cumulative ETc was 13% greater for the dairy pasture at the end of the study period. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Graham, Scott L.; Duncan, Maurice J.; Srinivasan, M. S.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Kochendorfer, John] NOAA ARL, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [McMillan, Andrew M. S.] Landcare Res, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Hertzog, Gladys] ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Graham, SL (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM scott.graham@niwa.co.nz OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460 FU New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment [C01 x 1006]; NIWA Visiting Scientist Award FX We are grateful to Craige Mackenzie and Eric Watson for use of their farms. Mark Crump and Jan Diettrich provided assistance with maintenance of eddy covariance instruments and data. We thank Dennis Finn and John Hunt for comments on the draft manuscript. This study was funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (contract #C01 x 1006 Waterscape). John Kochendorfer was supported, in part, by a NIWA Visiting Scientist Award. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 177 BP 340 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.08.015 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA DY7PY UT WOS:000385322900033 ER PT J AU Mao, L Liu, CL Lu, K Su, Y Gu, C Huang, QG Petersen, EJ AF Mao, Liang Liu, Chuanling Lu, Kun Su, Yu Gu, Cheng Huang, Qingguo Petersen, Elijah J. TI Exposure of few layer graphene to Limnodrilus hoffineisteri modifies the graphene and changes its bioaccumulation by other organisms SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; PHOTOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION; EISENIA-FOETIDA; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; OXIDE; EARTHWORM; NANOMATERIALS; HOFFMEISTERI; TOXICITY; CHEMISTRY AB While graphene has substantial commercial promise, numerous aspects regarding its ecological effects such as its potential for bioaccumulation are not well known. C-14-labeled few layer graphene (FLG) was dispersed in artificial freshwater and uptake of FLG by Limnodrilus hoffineisteri, an oligochaete, was assessed. After exposure for 36 h to a 1 mg/L FLG suspension, the FLG body burden in the organism was nearly 60 ng/mg (on a dry mass basis). Multiple characterization results confirmed that the proteins secreted by the organisms during the exposure period coated the FLG, thus increasing its stability and decreasing its size in suspension. Uptake behaviors of Eisenia foetida exposed to FLG and protein-coated FLG at concentrations of approximately 1 mg/kg or to Daphnia magna at 100 AWL were also quantified. Protein-coated FLG demonstrated different bioaccumulation behaviors for both organisms compared to uncoated FLG, with the FLG body burden in E. foetida increased but that in D. magna reduced. The data provide the first evidence that the proteins secreted by Limnodrilus hoffineisteri after exposure to FLG can coat FLG, thus increasing the aqueous stability of FLG, decreasing its size, and changing its bioaccumulation potential. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mao, Liang; Liu, Chuanling; Lu, Kun; Su, Yu; Gu, Cheng] Nanjing Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingguo] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mao, L; Gu, C (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM lmao@nju.edu.cn; chenggu@nju.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21377049, 21237001]; National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China [201355] FX We acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21377049 and 21237001) and a Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China (201355). Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 25 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD NOV PY 2016 VL 109 BP 566 EP 574 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.08.037 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DZ5KD UT WOS:000385900100064 ER PT J AU Kraatz, S Khanbilvardi, R Romanov, P AF Kraatz, S. Khanbilvardi, R. Romanov, P. TI River ice monitoring with MODIS: Application over Lower Susquehanna River SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE River ice; Modis; Cloud mask; Susquehanna; Remote sensing ID ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; SNOW-COVER; PRODUCTS AB Spatially detailed characterization of the distribution, amount and timing of river ice is important for identifying and predicting potential ice hazards. Although information on the ice cover over inland water bodies is provided within MODIS snow products (MOD10 and MYD10), this information has little practical value for river ice monitoring. First, many rivers are not properly resolved in the MODIS land/water mask. Second, the cloud mask incorporated in the product is conservative and therefore results in reduced effective area coverage of the product. Third, the accuracy of the incorporated cloud mask (MOD35) depends on the particular setting and underlying land/water mask. The MODIS cloud mask is not suitable for this particular setting, if frequent ice observations are desired. In this study we present an alternative river ice monitoring algorithm for MODIS that identifies river ice both in cloud-free conditions and through some semitransparent clouds. As input the semitransparent cloud algorithm (STC) uses an improved land/water mask accurately delineating the river channel along with bands 4 and 7 data from the MODIS surface reflectance product. The algorithm was developed for the MODIS instrument and comprehensively tested with MODIS Aqua data over the Lower Susquehanna River for the 2014 winter season. It is shown that river ice cover retrievals made with STC are highly consistent with in situ observed ice processes, for both individual scenes and the overall winter period. Owing to a better-suited cloud masking algorithm, the new technique yields nearly twice as many usable river observations during the ice-bearing period as compared to the MODIS cloud cover product. The presented approach provides potential for more timely identification of river ice changes and hence more accurate prediction of ice-related hazards using MODIS data. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kraatz, S.; Khanbilvardi, R.; Romanov, P.] CUNY, NOAA CREST Inst, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Kraatz, S (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA CREST Inst, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM skraatz00@citymail.cuny.edu RI Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010 OI Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under CREST grant [NA11SEC4810004] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Bill Rossow (CCNY) for his insights and useful suggestions with respect to the algorithm and the reviewers for their helpful comments. This work is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under CREST grant #NA11SEC4810004. The views, opinions and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy or decision. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X EI 1872-7441 J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 131 BP 116 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.09.012 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA DY9RV UT WOS:000385473700012 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, Y Luckenbach, JA Young, G Swanson, P AF Yamamoto, Yoji Luckenbach, J. Adam Young, Graham Swanson, Penny TI Alterations in gene expression during fasting-induced atresia of early secondary ovarian follicles of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fasting; Feeding; Fish; Follicular atresia; Gene marker; Ovarian health; Salmon; Subtractive hybridization ID PORCINE FOLLICULAR-FLUID; RHAMNOSE-BINDING LECTINS; SEABREAM SPARUS-AURATA; EGG ENVELOPE PROTEINS; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; RAINBOW-TROUT; MOLECULAR-CLONING; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AB Molecular processes that either regulate ovarian atresia or are consequences of atresia are poorly understood in teleost fishes. We hypothesized that feed restriction that perturbs normal ovarian growth and induces follicular atresia would alter ovarian gene expression patterns. Previtellogenic, two-year old coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were subjected to prolonged fasting to induce atresia or maintained on a normal feeding schedule that would promote continued ovarian development. To identify genes that were specifically up- or down regulated during oocyte growth in healthy, growing fish compared to fasted fish, reciprocal suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries were generated using ovaries from fed and fasted animals. Differential expression of genes identified by SSH was confirmed with quantitative PCR. The SSH library representing genes elevated in ovaries of fed fish relative to those of fasted fish contained steroidogenesis-related genes (e.g., hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase), Tgf-beta superfamily members (e.g., anti-Mullerian hormone) and cytoskeletal intermediate filament proteins (e.g., type I keratin s8). Overall, these genes were associated with steroid production, cell proliferation and differentiation, and ovarian epithelialization. The library representing genes elevated in ovaries of fasted fish relative to fed fish contained genes associated with apoptosis (e.g., programmed cell death protein 4), cortical alveoli (e.g., alveolin), the zona pellucida (e.g., zona pellucida protein c), and microtubules (e.g., microtubule associated protein tau). Elevated expression of this suite of genes was likely associated with the initiation of atresia and/or a reduced rate of follicle development in response to fasting. This study revealed ovarian genes involved in normal early secondary oocyte growth and potential early markers of atresia. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Yamamoto, Yoji; Young, Graham] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Luckenbach, J. Adam; Swanson, Penny] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Luckenbach, J. Adam; Young, Graham; Swanson, Penny] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 98164 USA. [Yamamoto, Yoji] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Marine Biosci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088477, Japan. RP Swanson, P (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM penny.swanson@noaa.gov FU Washington Sea Grant [R/B-49] FX We thank M.A. Middleton, G.W. Goetz and J.T. Dickey (University of Washington) and F.W. Goetz (Northwest Fisheries Science Center) for their assistance with this work. This research was funded by Washington Sea Grant, project number R/B-49. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 EI 1531-4332 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 201 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.06.016 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA DY7QZ UT WOS:000385325700001 PM 27320185 ER PT J AU Nakamura, I Kusakabe, M Swanson, P Young, G AF Nakamura, Ikumi Kusakabe, Makoto Swanson, Penny Young, Graham TI Regulation of sex steroid production and mRNAs encoding gonadotropin receptors and steroidogenic proteins by gonadotropins, cyclic AMP and insulin-like growth factor-I in ovarian follicles of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at two stages of vitellogenesis SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ovarian follicle; Gonadotropins; Insulin-like growth factor I; Rainbow trout; Steroidogenesis; Gonadotropin receptors ID P-450 AROMATASE CYP19; OOCYTE MATURATION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; GENE-EXPRESSION; STIMULATING-HORMONE; AMAGO SALMON; JAPANESE EEL; PLASMA ESTRADIOL-17-BETA; PAGRUS-MAJOR; NILE TILAPIA AB At the completion of vitellogenesis, the steroid biosynthetic pathway in teleost ovarian follicles switches from estradio1-17 beta (E2) to maturational progestin production, associated with decreased follicle stimulating hormone (Fsh) and increased luteinizing hormone (Lh) signaling. This study compared effects of gonadotropins, human insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF1), and cAMP/protein kinase A signaling (forskolin) on E2 production and levels of mRNAs encoding steroidogenic proteins and gonadotropin receptors using midvitellogenic (MV) and late/postvitellogenic (L/PV) ovarian follicles of rainbow trout. Fsh, Lh and forskolin, but not IGF1, increased testosterone and E2 production in MV and L/PV follicles. Fsh increased steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (star; MV), 33-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta(5-4) aisomerase (hsd3b; MV) and P450 aromatase (cyp19a1a; MV) transcript levels. Lh increased star mRNA levels (MV, L/PV) but reduced cyp19a1a transcripts in L/PV follicles. At both follicle stages, IGF1 reduced levels of hsd3b transcripts. In MV follicles, IGF1 decreased P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (cyp11a1) transcripts but increased cyp19a1a transcripts. In MV follicles only, forskolin increased star and hsd3b transcripts. Forskolin reduced MV follicle cyp11a1 transcripts and reduced cyp19a1a transcripts in follicles at both stages. Fsh and Lh reduced fshr transcripts in L/PV follicles. Lh also reduced lhcgr transcripts (L/PV). IGF1 had no effect on gonadotropin receptor transcripts. Forskolin reduced MV follicle fshr transcript levels and reduced lhcgr transcripts in L/PV follicles. These results reveal hormone- and stage specific transcriptional regulation of steroidogenic protein and gonadotropin receptor genes and suggest that the steroidogenic shift at the completion of vitellogenesis involves loss of stimulatory effects of Fsh and Igfs on cyp19a1a expression and inhibition of cyp19a1a transcription by Lh. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nakamura, Ikumi; Kusakabe, Makoto; Young, Graham] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Nakamura, Ikumi; Kusakabe, Makoto] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Chiba 2778564, Japan. [Swanson, Penny] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Swanson, Penny; Young, Graham] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Young, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM grahamy@u.washington.edu FU National Research Initiative Competitive Grant from U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2003 35203-13602]; National Science Foundation [IOS-0949765] FX This work was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2003 35203-13602 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, and National Science Foundation grant IOS-0949765, both to GY. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 EI 1531-4332 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 201 BP 132 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.06.035 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA DY7QZ UT WOS:000385325700017 PM 27387444 ER PT J AU Polito, MJ Brasso, RL Trivelpiece, WZ Karnovsky, N Patterson, WP Emslie, SD AF Polito, Michael J. Brasso, Rebecka L. Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. Karnovsky, Nina Patterson, William P. Emslie, Steven D. TI Differing foraging strategies influence mercury (Hg) exposure in an Antarctic penguin community SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Stable isotope analysis; Pygoscelis penguins; Antarctica ID POPULATION-LEVEL VARIATION; STABLE-ISOTOPE SIGNATURES; SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; MARINE FOOD-WEB; PYGOSCELIS PENGUINS; CHINSTRAP PENGUINS; SEABIRD FEATHERS; TROPHIC CALCULATIONS; DIET COMPOSITION; INDIAN-OCEAN AB Seabirds are ideal model organisms to track mercury (Hg) through marine food webs as they are long-lived, broadly distributed, and are susceptible to biomagnification due to foraging at relatively high trophic levels. However, using these species as biomonitors requires a solid understanding of the degree of species, sexual and age-specific variation in foraging behaviors which act to mediate their dietary exposure to Hg. We combined stomach content analysis along with Hg and stable isotope analyses of blood, feathers and common prey items to help explain inter and intra-specific patterns of dietary Hg exposure across three sympatric Pygoscelis penguin species commonly used as biomonitors of Hg availability in the Antarctic marine ecosystem. We found that penguin tissue Hg concentrations differed across species, between adults and juveniles, but not between sexes. While all three penguins species diets were dominated by Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and to a lesser extent fish, stable isotope based proxies of relative trophic level and krill consumption could not by itself sufficiently explain the observed patterns of inter and intra-specific variation in Hg. However, integrating isotopic approaches with stomach content analysis allowed us to identify the relatively higher risk of Hg exposure for penguins foraging on mesopelagic prey relative to congeners targeting epipelagic or benthic prey species. When possible, future seabird biomonitoring studies should seek to combine isotopic approaches with other, independent measures of foraging behavior to better account for the confounding effects of inter and intra-specific variation on dietary Hg exposure. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Polito, Michael J.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. [Brasso, Rebecka L.] Southeast Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, One Univ Plaza,MS 6200, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 USA. [Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Karnovsky, Nina] Pomona Coll, Dept Biol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Patterson, William P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Emslie, Steven D.] Univ North Carolina Wilmington, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Polito, MJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. EM mpolito@lsu.edu FU NSF Office of Polar Programs [ANT-0739575] FX Many thanks to the US-AMLR program especially S. Trivelpiece, G. Watters, C. Jones, C. Reiss, A. Will, P. Chilton and K. Boysen and the many other researchers who have worked at the Copacabana field camp who helped gather data used in this study. We also thank Raytheon Polar Services, the Laurence M. Gould, the M/V Ushuaia, John Evans, Melissa Rider and Ethan Norris for transportation and logistical support. D. Besic, B. Drummond, K. Durenberger, T. Prokopiuk, J. Seminoff and E. Unger provided assistance with sample preparation and stable isotope analysis. Animal use in this study was conducted under approved animal use protocols from the University of North Carolina Wilmington Animal Care and Use Committee (A0910-20) and in accordance to Antarctic Conservation Act permits provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) to S. Emslie (2006-001) and G. Watters (2011005). Funding was provided in part by a NSF Office of Polar Programs grant to S. Emslie (ANT-0739575). NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 30 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 218 BP 196 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.097 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ1JZ UT WOS:000385596000023 PM 27567712 ER PT J AU Nahrgang, J Dubourg, P Frantzen, M Storch, D Dahlke, F Meador, JP AF Nahrgang, Jasmine Dubourg, Paul Frantzen, Marianne Storch, Daniela Dahlke, Flemming Meador, James P. TI Early life stages of an arctic keystone species (Boreogadus saida) show high sensitivity to a water-soluble fraction of crude oil SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Oil spill; Polar cod; Crude oil; Developmental toxicity ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; UNRESOLVED COMPLEX-MIXTURES; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; POLAR COD; RAINBOW-TROUT; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AB Increasing anthropogenic activities in the Arctic represent an enhanced threat for oil pollution in a marine environment that is already at risk from climate warming. In particular, this applies to species with free-living pelagic larvae that aggregate in surface waters and under the sea ice where hydrocarbons are likely to remain for extended periods of time due to low temperatures. We exposed the positively buoyant eggs of polar cod (Boreogadus saida), an arctic keystone species, to realistic concentrations of a crude oil water-soluble fraction (WSF), mimicking exposure of eggs aggregating under the ice to oil WSF leaking from brine channels following encapsulation in ice. Total hydrocarbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels were in the ng/L range, with most exposure concentrations below the limits of detection throughout the experiment for all treatments. The proportion of viable, free-swimming larvae decreased significantly with dose and showed increases in the incidence and severity of spine curvature, yolk sac alterations and a reduction in spine length. These effects are expected to compromise the motility, feeding capacity, and predator avoidance during critical early life stages for this important species. Our results imply that the viability and fitness of polar cod early life stages is significantly reduced when exposed to extremely low and environmentally realistic levels of aqueous hydrocarbons, which may have important implications for arctic food web dynamics and ecosystem functioning. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nahrgang, Jasmine; Dubourg, Paul] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Frantzen, Marianne] Akvaplan Niva, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Storch, Daniela; Dahlke, Flemming] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Meador, James P.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Nahrgang, J (reprint author), UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. EM jasmine.m.nahrgang@uit.no OI Storch, Daniela/0000-0003-3090-7554 FU Norwegian Research Council [214184, 195160] FX This work was supported by the Norwegian Research Council [grant numbers 214184, 195160]. We thank Eni Norge AS for providing Akvaplan-niva with the Kobbe crude oil used in this study; Luca Tassara for technical help during experiment; the crew of the R/V Helmer Hanssen and technicians from the Biological Station; and Morgan Bender, Ireen Vieweg and Ekaterina Storhaug for fish collection. We also thank Jorgen Berge for reviewing the manuscript. JN obtained the funding; JN, MF, DS, FD and JPM designed the study. JN, PD, MF, and FD performed the experiments. JN, PD, and JPM analyzed the data. JN, PD, MF, DS, FD, and JPM wrote the manuscript. The authors declare no competing financial interests. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 26 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 218 BP 605 EP 614 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.044 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ1JZ UT WOS:000385596000066 PM 27506648 ER PT J AU La Mesa, M La Mesa, G Catalano, B Jones, CD AF La Mesa, Mario La Mesa, Gabriele Catalano, Barbara Jones, Christopher D. TI Spatial distribution pattern and physical - biological interactions in the larval notothenioid fish assemblages from the Bransfield Strait and adjacent waters SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Antarctic Peninsula; generalized additive models; larval fish assemblage; spatial patterns ID ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; REGION; ABUNDANCE; DISPERSAL; MASSES AB The Bransfield Strait and adjacent waters represent one of the most important areas of larval retention off the Antarctic Peninsula. The species composition of larval fish assemblages has been described in detail in previous surveys carried out in the area, but the role of environmental parameters influencing the spatial distribution of early life stages was poorly known. By applying generalized additive models and multivariate analyses, we evaluated the role of environmental variables in shaping the small-scale distribution of larval fish and investigated the spatial structure of the larval assemblage. It consisted of a few dominant notothenioid species, such as Champsocephalus gunnari, Lepidonotothen squamifrons, Lepidonotothen larseni, Pleuragramma antarctica and Trematomus scotti, and several other rarely caught species. Sea water temperature, salinity and sampling depth were the most important factors determining the spatial distribution of fish with different relative contributions, together explaining more than 80% of total deviance observed. Species richness was mostly affected by salinity, probably due to the narrow range of salinity preference by the species. Cluster analysis of abundance and presence data identified six and five distinct groups, respectively, each of them with substantial contributions of single or rarely two species. Differences in reproductive strategies of adult populations and spatial distribution of early life stages driven by different larval behaviour in response to environmental factors contribute to maintaining a well-structured larval fish assemblage, ensuring spatial and food niche partitioning. C1 [La Mesa, Mario] CNR, Inst Marine Sci, UOS Ancona, I-60125 Ancona, Italy. [La Mesa, Gabriele; Catalano, Barbara] Italian Natl Inst Environm Protect & Res, ISPRA, Via Brancati 48, I-00144 Rome, Italy. [Jones, Christopher D.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP La Mesa, M (reprint author), CNR, Inst Marine Sci, UOS Ancona, I-60125 Ancona, Italy. EM m.lamesa@ismar.cnr.it FU PNRA (Italian National Antarctic Research Program) FX We are grateful to all crew members, personnel and scientific staff aboard of RV Moana Wave for their strong support in sampling activities. This study was supported by the PNRA (Italian National Antarctic Research Program). NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 25 IS 6 BP 624 EP 636 DI 10.1111/fog.12178 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA DY8EA UT WOS:000385360200006 ER PT J AU Foote, AD Morin, PA AF Foote, A. D. Morin, P. A. TI Genome-wide SNP data suggest complex ancestry of sympatric North Pacific killer whale ecotypes SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SPECIES TREE ESTIMATION; CRATER LAKE CICHLIDS; DNA-SEQUENCING DATA; ORCINUS-ORCA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENE TREES; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; INFERRING PHYLOGENY AB Three ecotypes of killer whale occur in partial sympatry in the North Pacific. Individuals assortatively mate within the same ecotype, resulting in correlated ecological and genetic differentiation. A key question is whether this pattern of evolutionary divergence is an example of incipient sympatric speciation from a single panmictic ancestral population, or whether sympatry could have resulted from multiple colonisations of the North Pacific and secondary contact between ecotypes. Here, we infer multilocus coalescent trees from >1000 nuclear single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and find evidence of incomplete lineage sorting so that the genealogies of SNPs do not all conform to a single topology. To disentangle whether uncertainty in the phylogenetic inference of the relationships among ecotypes could also result from ancestral admixture events we reconstructed the relationship among the ecotypes as an admixture graph and estimated f(4)-statistics using TreeMix. The results were consistent with episodes of admixture between two of the North Pacific ecotypes and the two outgroups (populations from the Southern Ocean and the North Atlantic). Gene flow may have occurred via unsampled 'ghost' populations rather than directly between the populations sampled here. Our results indicate that because of ancestral admixture events and incomplete lineage sorting, a single bifurcating tree does not fully describe the relationship among these populations. The data are therefore most consistent with the genomic variation among North Pacific killer whale ecotypes resulting from multiple colonisation events, and secondary contact may have facilitated evolutionary divergence. Thus, the present-day populations of North Pacific killer whale ecotypes have a complex ancestry, confounding the tree-based inference of ancestral geography. C1 [Foote, A. D.] Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, CMPG, Bern, Switzerland. [Morin, P. A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Foote, AD (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Baltzerstr 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM FooteAD@gmail.com NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 39 U2 39 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X EI 1365-2540 J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD NOV PY 2016 VL 117 IS 5 BP 316 EP 325 DI 10.1038/hdy.2016.54 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DZ4NR UT WOS:000385835900003 PM 27485668 ER PT J AU Gao, L Li, J Chen, L Zhang, LY Heidinger, AK AF Gao, Ling Li, Jun Chen, Lin Zhang, Liyang Heidinger, Andrew K. TI Retrieval and Validation of Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Depth From AVHRR Over China SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR); aerosol optical depth (AOD); AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET); moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS); multiple regression method ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; INFORMATION-CONTENT; DYNAMIC THRESHOLDS; CLOUD DETECTION; MODIS; LAND; AERONET; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; OCEAN AB As Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) lacks a 2.1-mu m band, the widely used "dark target" algorithm cannot be used to retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD) from AVHRR over land. Instead, a multiple regression algorithm has been developed to process a time series of AVHRR Level_1b measurements over China (15 degrees-45 degrees N, 75 degrees-135 degrees E) for AOD retrieval. As the apparent reflectance of AVHRR is closely related to AOD, which can be provided by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), spatially and temporally collocated Aqua/MODIS AOD and AVHRR Level_1b measurements from four years (January 2008-December 2011) were used to generate the regression coefficients. Angle information, normalized difference vegetation index, water vapor, and surface elevation are chosen in addition to the apparent reflectance as predictors for different surface types. By applying the regression coefficients to AVHRR, the AOD product from independent AVHRR Level_1b measurements (May 2003-December 2007) was generated. Validation with AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) AOD and comparison with MODIS AOD products have been conducted to evaluate the uncertainty of the AVHRR AOD from May 2003 to December 2007. The distribution pattern of the seasonal mean AOD from AVHRR is consistent with that of the MODIS AOD. Taking regions with rapid economic development, for example, the regional monthly mean AOD for these two data sets agrees well, with a consistent tendency and high correlation coefficients. When compared with AERONET from four sites in China, the results are also encouraging. Results show that the multiple regression method offers the potential to generate an AOD climatology data record from a long-term AVHRR Level_1b data set over land. C1 [Gao, Ling] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sch Phys, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Gao, Ling] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Li, Jun] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chen, Lin; Zhang, Liyang] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gao, L (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sch Phys, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM gaoling@cma.gov.cn RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB950802]; National Science and Technology Program of China [41475031] FX This work was supported in part by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant 2010CB950802 and in part by the National Science and Technology Program of China under Grant 41475031. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2016 VL 54 IS 11 BP 6280 EP 6291 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2574756 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DY6AP UT WOS:000385188200003 ER PT J AU Dong, D Yang, XF Li, XF Li, ZW AF Dong, Di Yang, Xiaofeng Li, Xiaofeng Li, Ziwei TI SAR Observation of Eddy-Induced Mode-2 Internal Solitary Waves in the South China Sea SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Internal wave; mesoscale eddy; mode-2; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; MESOSCALE EDDIES; GENERATION; PROPAGATION; EVOLUTION; IMAGES; SIMULATIONS; PYCNOCLINE; SHELF; OCEAN AB Two cases of mode-2 internal solitary waves (ISWs) induced by an anticyclonic eddy (AE) were clearly present in two synthetic aperture radar images acquired in the South China Sea (SCS) in April 2001. Similar ISWs were repeatedly observed in the same area one month later in May, but in that case, the ISW patterns indicated that they were regular mode-1 ISWs. To confirm that those ISWs in April are of mode-2 type, we analyze the in situ and other remote sensing data and propose two possible mode-2 ISW generation processes: 1) an eddy-induced change of the water stratification, which results in favorable hydrographic conditions for internal wave generation, and 2) the resonance between mode-1 internal tides and AE excites mode-2 internal tides, and the mode-2 internal tides disintegrate into mode-2 ISWs. The sea level anomaly and sea surface temperature data in April 2001 show that an AE existed in this area in April. Argo profile data within AEs from 1990 to 2014 in the SCS are used to show how an AE affects the vertical water properties and creates favorable conditions for mode-2 ISWs, and these conditions did exist in the study area in April 2001. The observed mode-2 ISWcases provide the first evidence of the existence of eddy-induced mode-2 ISWs in the SCS. C1 [Dong, Di; Yang, Xiaofeng; Li, Ziwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA NESDIS, GST, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Yang, XF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM yangxf@radi.ac.cn RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU CNES FX The RADARSAT-1 SAR images were provided by the Canadian Space Agency. D. Dong would like to thank Dr. P. Brandt, Dr. Z. W. Chen, Dr. Z. Zhao, and Dr. M. Claus for the discussions. The SST analysis products were produced by the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST, https://www.ghrsst.org). The altimeter products were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by Aviso, with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). The Argo data used here were provided by the Coriolis Global Data Acquisition Center of France (http://www.coriolis.eu.org). The WOA09 climatological temperature data used here were provided by the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC, http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOA09/pr_woa09.html). The monthly average temperature profiles in the SCS were provided by JODC Data On-line Service System (http://www.jodc.go.jp/service.htm). Moreover, the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO_08) bathymetry data were downloaded from http://www.gebco.net/. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2016 VL 54 IS 11 BP 6674 EP 6686 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2587752 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DY6AP UT WOS:000385188200032 ER PT J AU Polikhronidi, NG Batyrova, RG Abdulagatov, IM Magee, JW Wu, JT AF Polikhronidi, Nikolai G. Batyrova, Rabiyat G. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. Magee, Joseph W. Wu, Jiangtao TI Thermodynamic Properties at Saturation Derived from Experimental Two-Phase Isochoric Heat Capacity of 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coexistence curve; Ionic liquid; Isochoric heat capacity; Phase transition; Saturated density ID IONIC LIQUID 1-HEXYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM; IUPAC TECHNICAL REPORT; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; VAPORIZATION ENTHALPIES; BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYLSULFONYL)IMIDE; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; PRESSURES; DENSITY; CONDUCTIVITY AB New measurements are reported for the isochoric heat capacity of the ionic liquid substance 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([C6mim][NTf2]). These measurements extend the ranges of our earlier study (Polikhronidi et al. in Phys Chem Liq 52: 657, 2014) by 5% of the compressed liquid density and by 75 K. An adiabatic calorimeter was used to measure one-phase (C-V1) liquid and two-phase (C-V2) liquid + vapor isochoric heat capacities, densities (rho(s)), and phase-transition temperatures (T-s) of the ionic liquid (IL) substance. The combined expanded uncertainty of the density rho and isochoric heat capacity C-V measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.15% and 3%, respectively. Measurements are concentrated in the immediate vicinity of the liquid + vapor phase-transition curve, in order to closely observe phase transitions. The present measurements and those of our earlier study are analyzed together and are presented in terms of thermodynamic properties (T-s, rho(s), C-V1 and C-V2) evaluated at saturation and in terms of key-derived thermodynamic properties C-P, C-S, W-S', K-TS', (partial derivative P/partial derivative T)(V)', and (partial derivative V/partial derivative T)(P)') on the liquid + vapor phase-transition curve. A thermodynamic relation by Yang and Yang is used to confirm the internal consistency of measured two-phase heat capacities C-V2, which are observed to fall perfectly on a line as a function of specific volume at a constant temperature. The observed linear behavior is exploited to evaluate contributions to the quantity C-V2 = f (V, T) from chemical potential C-V mu = -T d(2)mu/dT(2) and from vapor pressure C-VP = VT d(2)P(S)/dT(2). The physical nature and specific details of the temperature and specific volume dependence of the two-phase isochoric heat capacity and some features of the other derived thermodynamic properties of IL at liquid saturation curve are considered in detail. C1 [Polikhronidi, Nikolai G.; Batyrova, Rabiyat G.; Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dagestan Sci Ctr, M Yaragskogo Str 94, Makhachkala 367005, Dagestan, Russia. [Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.] Dagestan State Univ, Dept Phys Chem, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Magee, Joseph W.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wu, Jiangtao] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dagestan Sci Ctr, M Yaragskogo Str 94, Makhachkala 367005, Dagestan, Russia.; Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Dagestan State Univ, Dept Phys Chem, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. EM ilmutdina@gmail.com RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 FU Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFBR) [NHK13-08-00114/13] FX I. M. Abdulagatov thanks the Applied Chemicals and Materials Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the opportunity to work as a Guest Researcher at NIST during the course of this research. This work was supported by a Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFBR) Grant NHK13-08-00114/13. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 37 IS 11 AR 103 DI 10.1007/s10765-016-2109-2 PG 27 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA DY7ZY UT WOS:000385349000001 ER PT J AU Krakover, N Ilic, BR Krylov, S AF Krakover, Naftaly Ilic, B. Robert Krylov, Slava TI Displacement sensing based on resonant frequency monitoring of electrostatically actuated curved micro beams SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE curved beam; bistable; displacement sensing; resonant sensing ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; ACCELEROMETER; SENSORS; FORCE; REDUCTION; STIFFNESS; SYSTEMS AB The ability to control nonlinear interactions of suspended mechanical structures offers a unique opportunity to engineer rich dynamical behavior that extends the dynamic range and ultimate device sensitivity. We demonstrate a displacement sensing technique based on resonant frequency monitoring of curved, doubly clamped, bistable micromechanical beams interacting with a movable electrode. In this configuration, the electrode displacement influences the nonlinear electrostatic interactions, effective stiffness and frequency of the curved beam. Increased sensitivity is made possible by dynamically operating the beam near the snap-through bistability onset. Various in-plane device architectures were fabricated from single crystal silicon and measured under ambient conditions using laser Doppler vibrometry. In agreement with the reduced order Galerkin-based model predictions, our experimental results show a significant resonant frequency reduction near critical snap-through, followed by a frequency increase within the post-buckling configuration. Interactions with a stationary electrode yield a voltage sensitivity up to approximate to 560 Hz V-1 and results with a movable electrode allow motion sensitivity up to approximate to 1.5 Hz nm(-1). Our theoretical and experimental results collectively reveal the potential of displacement sensing using nonlinear interactions of geometrically curved beams near instabilities, with possible applications ranging from highly sensitive resonant inertial detectors to complex optomechanical platforms providing an interface between the classical and quantum domains. C1 [Krakover, Naftaly; Krylov, Slava] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Fac Engn, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. [Ilic, B. Robert] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Krakover, N (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Fac Engn, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. EM naftalyk@mail.tau.ac.il NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 EI 1361-6439 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 26 IS 11 AR 115006 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/26/11/115006 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DZ2NK UT WOS:000385678300003 ER PT J AU Donnelly, K Waltzek, TB Wellehan, JFX Stacy, NI Chadam, M Stacy, BA AF Donnelly, Kyle Waltzek, Thomas B. Wellehan, James F. X., Jr. Stacy, Nicole I. Chadam, Maria Stacy, Brian A. TI Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in a juvenile leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Dermochelys coriacea; leatherback; mycobacteriosis; Mycobacterium haemophilum; sea turtles ID IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; MANIFESTATION; DIAGNOSIS; PATTERNS; DISEASES; PATIENT; SPACER; GENE AB Mycobacteriosis is infrequently reported in free-ranging sea turtles. Nontuberculous Mycobacterium haemophilum was identified as the causative agent of disseminated mycobacteriosis in a juvenile leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) that was found stranded on the Atlantic coast of Florida. Disseminated granulomatous inflammation was identified histologically, most notably affecting the nervous system. Identification of mycobacterial infection was based on cytologic, molecular, histologic, and microbiologic methods. Among stranded sea turtles received for diagnostic evaluation from the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States between 2004 and 2015, the diagnosis of mycobacteriosis was overrepresented in stranded oceanic-phase juveniles compared with larger size classes, which suggests potential differences in susceptibility or exposure among different life phases in this region. We describe M. haemophilum in a sea turtle, which contributes to the knowledge of diseases of small juvenile sea turtles, an especially cryptic life phase of the leatherback turtle. C1 [Donnelly, Kyle; Wellehan, James F. X., Jr.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Waltzek, Thomas B.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Stacy, Nicole I.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Chadam, Maria] Gumbo Limbo Nat Ctr, Boca Raton, FL USA. [Stacy, Brian A.] Univ Florida, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, POB 110885,2187 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Stacy, BA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, POB 110885,2187 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM brian.stacy@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 28 IS 6 BP 718 EP 721 DI 10.1177/1040638716661746 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DZ4CM UT WOS:000385805400017 PM 27698171 ER PT J AU Cassle, SE Landrau-Giovannetti, N Farina, LL Leone, A Wellehan, JFX Stacy, NI Thompson, P Herring, H Mase-Guthrie, B Blas-Machado, U Saliki, JT Walsh, MT Waltzek, TB AF Cassle, Stephen E. Landrau-Giovannetti, Nelmarie Farina, Lisa L. Leone, Angelique Wellehan, James F. X., Jr. Stacy, Nicole I. Thompson, Patrick Herring, Hada Mase-Guthrie, Blair Blas-Machado, Uriel Saliki, Jeremiah T. Walsh, Michael T. Waltzek, Thomas B. TI Coinfection by Cetacean morbillivirus and Aspergillus fumigatus in a juvenile bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus fumigatus; bottlenose dolphins; morbillivirus; Tursiops truncatus ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ATLANTIC; INFECTION; WHALE; ENCEPHALITIS; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE AB A recently deceased juvenile male bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was found floating in the Gulf of Mexico, off Sand Key in Clearwater, Florida. At autopsy, we identified pneumonia and a focus of malacia in the right cerebrum. Cytologic evaluation of tissue imprints from the right cerebrum revealed fungal hyphae. Fungal cultures of the lung and brain yielded Aspergillus fumigatus, which was confirmed by amplification of a portion of the fungal nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 region sequence. Microscopic pulmonary lesions of bronchiolar epithelial cell syncytia with intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions within bronchiolar epithelial cells were suggestive of Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) infection. The occurrence of CeMV infection was supported by positive immunohistochemical staining for morbillivirus antigen. CeMV detection was confirmed by amplification and sequencing a portion of the morbilliviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene from lung tissue. This case provides CeMV sequence data available from the Gulf of Mexico and underscores the need for genomic sequencing across diverse host, temporospatial, and population (i.e., single animal vs. mass mortality events) scales to improve our understanding of these globally emerging pathogens. C1 [Cassle, Stephen E.; Stacy, Nicole I.; Walsh, Michael T.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Landrau-Giovannetti, Nelmarie; Farina, Lisa L.; Leone, Angelique; Thompson, Patrick; Waltzek, Thomas B.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, 2015 SW 16 Ave, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Wellehan, James F. X., Jr.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Herring, Hada; Walsh, Michael T.] Clearwater Marine Aquarium, Clearwater, FL USA. [Mase-Guthrie, Blair] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal Hlth & Stranding Response Network, Southeast Reg, Miami, FL USA. [Blas-Machado, Uriel; Saliki, Jeremiah T.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens Vet Diagnost Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Waltzek, TB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, 2015 SW 16 Ave, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM tbwaltzek@ufl.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA14NMF46090276] FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was partially supported by Grant No. NA14NMF46090276 awarded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 28 IS 6 BP 729 EP 734 DI 10.1177/1040638716664761 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DZ4CM UT WOS:000385805400019 PM 27698174 ER PT J AU Hoehler, MS Smith, CM AF Hoehler, Matthew S. Smith, Christopher M. TI Application of blue laser triangulation sensors for displacement measurement through fire SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE position sensor; displacement; fire; blue laser; structural fire ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOOT; DISTANCE AB This paper explores the use of blue laser triangulation sensors to measure displacement of a target located behind or in the close proximity of natural gas diffusion flames. This measurement is critical for providing high-quality data in structural fire tests. The position of the laser relative to the flame envelope can significantly affect the measurement scatter, but has little influence on the mean values. We observe that the measurement scatter is normally distributed and increases linearly with the distance of the target from the flame along the beam path. Based on these observations, we demonstrate how time-averaging can be used to achieve a standard uncertainty associated with the displacement error of less than 0.1 mm, which is typically sufficient for structural fire testing applications. Measurements with the investigated blue laser sensors were not impeded by the thermal radiation emitted from the flame or the soot generated from the relatively clean-burning natural gas. C1 [Hoehler, Matthew S.; Smith, Christopher M.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hoehler, MS (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.hoehler@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX This work was funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 27 IS 11 AR 115201 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/27/11/115201 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DY9UW UT WOS:000385481600001 ER PT J AU Jacob, G Donmez, A Slotwinski, J Moylan, S AF Jacob, G. Donmez, A. Slotwinski, J. Moylan, S. TI Measurement of powder bed density in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing processes SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE additive manufacturing; powder bed fusion; powder bed density; powder layer ID PACKING; LASER AB Many factors influence the performance of additive manufacturing (AM) processes, resulting in a high degree of variation in process outcomes. Therefore, quantifying these factors and their correlations to process outcomes are important challenges to overcome to enable widespread adoption of emerging AM technologies. In the powder bed fusion AM process, the density of the powder layers in the powder bed is a key influencing factor. This paper introduces a method to determine the powder bed density (PBD) during the powder bed fusion (PBF) process. A complete uncertainty analysis associated with the measurement method was also described. The resulting expanded measurement uncertainty, UPBD (k = 2), was determined as 0.004 g . cm(-3). It was shown that this expanded measurement uncertainty is about three orders of magnitude smaller than the typical powder bed density. This method enables establishing correlations between the changes in PBD and the direction of motion of the powder recoating arm. C1 [Jacob, G.; Donmez, A.; Moylan, S.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Slotwinski, J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. RP Jacob, G (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gregor.jacob@nist.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 27 IS 11 AR 115601 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/27/11/115601 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DZ5VO UT WOS:000385930100001 ER PT J AU Wang, WG Shen, XY Huang, WY AF Wang, Weiguo Shen, Xinyong Huang, Wenyan TI A Comparison of Boundary-Layer Characteristics Simulated Using Different Parametrization Schemes SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Large-eddy simulation; Parametrization schemes; Planetary boundary layer; Weather Research and Forecasting model ID LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; YAMADA LEVEL-3 MODEL; WEATHER RESEARCH; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; MESOSCALE MODEL; MIXED LAYERS; LAND-SURFACE; WRF MODEL; PARAMETERIZATIONS AB We compare daytime planetary boundary-layer (PBL) characteristics under fair-weather conditions simulated using a single column version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model with different PBL parametrization schemes. The model is driven only by prescribed surface heat fluxes and horizontal pressure gradient forcing. Parametrizations for all physical processes except for turbulence and transport in the PBL are turned off in the simulations to ensure the discrepancies in the simulated PBL flow are due only to differences in the PBL schemes. A large-eddy simulation (LES) of the evolution of a daytime PBL is performed as a benchmark to examine how well a PBL parametrization scheme reproduces the LES results, and performance statistics are compared to rank those schemes. In general, hybrid local and non-local schemes such as the Yonsei University and Asymmetrical Convective Model (version 2) schemes perform better in reproducing the LES results, particularly well-mixed features, than do local schemes. Among local schemes, the University of Washington scheme produces the results closest to the LES. Local schemes, such as those of Mellor-Yamada-Janjic and Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino, simulate too low an entrainment flux, while PBL heights diagnosed from the simulations using local schemes are lower than those from the LES results. Hybrid local and non-local schemes are more sensitive to vertical grid resolution than local schemes. With a higher vertical resolution in the PBL, the schemes using the eddy-diffusivity and mass-flux methods perform better. Differences in the values of eddy diffusivity, length scale, and turbulence kinetic energy and their vertical distributions are large. C1 [Wang, Weiguo] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shen, Xinyong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Joint Int Res Lab Climate & Environm Change, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster,Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Huang, Wenyan] Changzhou Meteorol Bur, Changzhou 213022, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Wang, WG (reprint author), NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wang_wg@yahoo.com FU National Key Project of MOST of China [JFYS2016ZY01002213]; National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2013CB430103]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41375058, 41530427] FX This work was supported by the National Key Project of MOST of China under Grant No. JFYS2016ZY01002213, the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China under Grant No. 2013CB430103 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 41375058 and 41530427. The authors greatly appreciate Dr. Wayne Angevine at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for his invaluable help and discussion on the set-up of WRF single-column model simulations and PBL comparative studies. We also thank Dr. Joshua Hacker for his help on the initial set-up of the WRF single-column model and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions and comments. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 161 IS 2 BP 375 EP 403 DI 10.1007/s10546-016-0175-4 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DY5ZS UT WOS:000385185300008 ER PT J AU Speicher, MS Harris, JL AF Speicher, Matthew S. Harris, John L., III TI Collapse prevention seismic performance assessment of new special concentrically braced frames using ASCE 41 SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Performance-based seismic design; Special concentrically braced frame; Performance assessment; ASCE 41; Steel structures ID RECORD SELECTION AB This paper presents the results of a seismic performance assessment using ASCE 41-06 for six special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs) designed in accordance with the 2012 International Building Code. The correlation between ASCE 7-10 and ASCE 41-06 is investigated to compare the seismic performance anticipated by the two standards. Three archetype buildings (4-, 8-, and 16-story) with SCBFs along one principal direction are designed for seismic effects: (1) once using the equivalent lateral force (ELF) procedure and (2) a second time using the response spectrum analysis (RSA) procedure. Performance assessments are conducted using four analysis procedures, static and dynamic analyses performed under both linear and nonlinear analysis regimes. Linear analysis results indicate minor performance issues in the columns and no performance issues in the braces. In contrast, the nonlinear analysis results indicate that the braces consistently fail to meet the assessment criteria. The contributing factors to the noted performance issues with regards to ASCE 41 are investigated. Recommendations are made on how to alter the performance outcome such as using alternative ground motion selection approaches (e.g., conditional mean spectrum), using higher fidelity brace models, and having acceptance criteria based on cumulative ductility demand or energy dissipation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Speicher, Matthew S.; Harris, John L., III] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Speicher, MS (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.speicher@nist.gov; john.harris@nist.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-0296 EI 1873-7323 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 126 BP 652 EP 666 DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.07.064 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA DY1NK UT WOS:000384861500050 ER PT J AU Mulholland, GW Hagwood, CR Li, MD Zachariah, MR AF Mulholland, George W. Hagwood, Charles R. Li, Mingdong Zachariah, Michael R. TI Effect of particle rotation on the drift velocity for nonspherical aerosol particles SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Drift velocity; Rotation velocity; Nonspherical aerosol particles; Nanorod; Translational diffusion coefficient; Free molecular limit ID DYNAMIC SHAPE FACTORS; TRANSITION REGIME; MOBILITY CALCULATIONS; CROSS-SECTION; SPHERES; IONS; SCATTERING; DRAG; ORIENTATION; SIMULATION AB The theoretical drift velocity of a randomly oriented nonspherical aerosol particles in an external field has been previously computed both in the limit of slow rotation and in the limit of fast rotation but not in the intermediate interval. The low rotation limit has been widely used to calculate the drift velocity for a range of nonspherical particles. The fast rotation limit, which is equivalent to the projected area method, has been used for molecular ions and agglomerates. A 1-D model equation containing the particle acceleration and an orientation dependent friction coefficient is proposed to predict the drift velocity between the two limits. This model has the essential physical phenomena without the complications of the 3-D treatment of the combined translation and rotation behavior. As an example, the drift velocity is computed for model parameters based on the friction tensor and rotational diffusion coefficient for circular cross section nanorods in the free molecular limit. For a momentum accommodation coefficient of 0.9 and a particle density of 1000 kg/m(3), the largest percent deviation from the low rotation velocity limit is 14% and the deviation is at most 1% for nanorods of any length for diameters of 20 nm diameter or larger. Much larger changes in the velocity ratio are shown to occur if the momentum accommodation coefficient is reduced. Also, examples are given where the dimensionless rotation rate increases by about a factor of 7 from either a change in density or a change in the mean free path of the background gas. The results of recent experiments and model calculation of the collision cross section and mobilities of large molecular ions are discussed in regard to our model predictions on the effect of rotation on the drift velocity. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mulholland, George W.; Hagwood, Charles R.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mulholland, George W.; Li, Mingdong; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mulholland, GW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Mulholland, GW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM georgewm@umd.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 EI 1879-1964 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 101 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2016.04.004 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DY2XJ UT WOS:000384955100006 ER PT J AU Wu, H Tang, WS Zhou, W Tarver, JD Stavila, V Brown, CM Udovic, TJ AF Wu, Hui Tang, Wan Si Zhou, Wei Tarver, Jacob D. Stavila, Vitalie Brown, Craig M. Udovic, Terrence J. TI The low-temperature structural behavior of sodium 1-carba-closo-decaborate: NaCB9H10 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Density functional theory; Diffraction; Ionic conductors; Monocarba-closo-decaborates; Sodium borohydrides; Vibrational spectroscopy ID SUPERIONIC CONDUCTION; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; CRYSTAL; SCATTERING AB Two ordered phases of the novel solid superionic conductor sodium 1-carba-closo-decaborate (NaCB9H10) were identified via synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction in combination with first-principles calculations and neutron vibrational spectroscopy. A monoclinic packing of the large ellipsoidal CB9H10- anions prevails at the lowest temperatures, but a first-order transformation to a slightly modified orthorhombic packing is largely complete by 240 K. The CB9H10- anion orientational alignments and Na+ cation interstitial sitings in both phases are arranged so as to minimize the cation proximities to the uniquely more positive C-bonded H atoms of the anions. These results provide valuable structural information pertinent to understanding the relatively low-temperature, entropy-driven, order-disorder phase transition for this compound. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Wu, Hui; Tang, Wan Si; Zhou, Wei; Tarver, Jacob D.; Brown, Craig M.; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tang, Wan Si] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tarver, Jacob D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Nanomat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wu, H; Udovic, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hui.wu@nist.gov; udovic@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU US DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. J. D. T. gratefully acknowledges research support from the US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office, under Contract no. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 243 BP 162 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2016.08.024 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DY1SG UT WOS:000384874100024 ER PT J AU Baasandorj, M Burkholder, JB AF Baasandorj, Munkhbayar Burkholder, James B. TI Rate Coefficient for the Gas-Phase OH + CHF=CF2 Reaction between 212 and 375 K SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article AB Rate coefficients, k(T), for the OH + CHF=CF2 (trifluoroethylene, HFO-1123) gas-phase reaction were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions using pulsed laser photolysis to produce OH radicals and pulsed laser induced fluorescence to measure the OH radical temporal profile. Rate coefficients were measured over the temperature range 212-375 K at total pressures between 20 and 500 Torr (He, N-2 bath gas). The rate coefficient was found to be independent of pressure over this range of pressure with a temperature dependence that is described by the Arrhenius expression (3.04 +/- 0.30) x 10(-12) exp[(312 +/- 25)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) with k(296 K) measured to be (8.77 +/- 0.80) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (quoted uncertainties are 2 sigma and include estimated systematic errors). Rate coefficients for the reaction of CHF=CF2 with (OH)-O-18 and OD were also measured as part of this study at 296 and 373 K and a total pressure of approximate to 25 Torr (He). The isotope measurements were used to evaluate the observed OH radical regeneration. CHF=CF2 is a very short-lived substance with an atmospheric lifetime of approximate to 1 day with respect to OH reactive loss, whereas the actual lifetime of CHF=CF2 will depend on the time and location of its emission. The global warming potential for CHF=CF2 on the 100-year time horizon (GWP(100)) was estimated using the present results and a lifetime correction factor to be 3.9 x 10(-3). C1 [Baasandorj, Munkhbayar; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Baasandorj, Munkhbayar] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baasandorj, Munkhbayar] Utah Div Air Qual, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0538-8066 EI 1097-4601 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 48 IS 11 BP 714 EP 723 DI 10.1002/kin.21027 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DX9AP UT WOS:000384685300007 ER PT J AU Rhodes, LD Johnson, RB Myers, MS AF Rhodes, Linda D. Johnson, Ronald B. Myers, Mark S. TI Effects of alternative plant-based feeds on hepatic and gastrointestinal histology and the gastrointestinal microbiome of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Alternative feeds; Sablefish; Histopathology; Gastrointestinal microbiome ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITIONS; DIETARY TAURINE LEVELS; PRESSED FLAXSEED OIL; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; FISH-MEAL DIET; GUT MICROBIOTA; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; TOTAL REPLACEMENT; SOYBEAN PROTEIN; JUVENILE AB Sablefish (Anuplupumu fimbriu) is a highly desired seafood product, which encourages development of sustainable aquaculture methods for this marine fish. Conventional marine fish-based feeds provide essential nutrients including long chain tatty acids for piscivorous species such as sablefish. Alternative terrestrial ingredients could reduce fishing pressures on pelagic species that are the source of fish meal and fish oil, and improve source sustainability. Using juvenile sablefish, we compared the effects of a standard fish-based diet to two diets that contained primarily terrestrial plant ingredients with flaxseed or corn oil replacing the added fish oil. After an 8-week trial feeding period, there were striking differences attributable to diet. Fish receiving the alternative feeds had lower weight gain and shorter length than fish receiving the fish-based feed, suggesting sablefish obtained lower nutrients from the alternative feeds. Among the histological differences, the intestinal mucosa was significantly less vacuolated and the frequency of intestinal mucous cells was reduced in alternative feed fish. The most dramatic lesions were observed in the liver, where severe bile duct hyperplasia (53%, flaxseed oil diet; 33%, corn oil diet), and hepatocellular lesions (nuclear pleomorphism/megalocytosis, regeneration, hypertrophy, clear cell foci) occurred in only alternative feed fish. The hepatic and biliary lesions indicate the alternative diets may be deficient or possibly harmful to sablefish. The bacterial community structures from corn oil fish showed much less diversity than those for the other diets, and the microbiome structures from the three diets were distinctly different from each other. The intestinal microbiome for the fish-based diet included the largest number of families (68), and these fish also had the largest number of unique bacterial families (11) compared to those for corn oil (two) or flaxseed oil (one) fish. Regardless of diet, the stomach and intestinal microbiomes differed significantly from each other, and the feed microbiome differed from all gastrointestinal communities, suggesting that feed is not a significant source of gut bacterial diversity. Similar to other teleosts, the sablefish gastrointestinal microbiome is dominated by Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteiia. These results suggest that diet induced shifts in microbiome can occur relatively quickly in sablefish, but the shifts may not be sufficiently adaptive or cannot overcome nutrient deficiencies. This multidisciplinary study demonstrates the utility of histology and microbiology in characterizing dietary effects for novel aquaculture species. Statement of relevance: Physiological assessments such as gastrointestinal microbiomes and histopathology can provide a near-term evaluation of the nutritional adequacy of alternative feeds, such as plant-based lipid diets for marine carnivorous finfish. This is the first examination of the microbiome of sablefish, a marine species under development for sustainable aquaculture. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rhodes, Linda D.; Johnson, Ronald B.; Myers, Mark S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Rhodes, LD (reprint author), Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM linda.rhodes@noaa.gov OI Rhodes, Linda/0000-0003-4995-9426 FU Office of Aquaculture (NOAA Fisheries, US Department of Commerce); Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA Fisheries, US Department of Commerce) FX The authors thank D. Berman for his assistance in fish husbandry, and M. Willis for preparation of the histological slides. This study was funded by a grant from the Office of Aquaculture (NOAA Fisheries, US Department of Commerce), and additional support was provided by Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA Fisheries, US Department of Commerce). Animal work was conducted consistent with the practices described by the American Fisheries Society's "Guideline for Use of Fishes in Research" (2004). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 34 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 464 BP 683 EP 691 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.05.010 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DW0YT UT WOS:000383370300087 ER PT J AU Valenzuela-Quinonez, F De-Anda-Montanez, JA Gilbert-Horvath, E Garza, JC Garcia-De Leon, FJ AF Valenzuela-Quinonez, Fausto De-Anda-Montanez, Juan A. Gilbert-Horvath, Elizabeth Carlos Garza, John Garcia-De Leon, Francisco J. TI Panmixia in a Critically Endangered Fish: The Totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) in the Gulf of California SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE critically endangered; microsatellites; mtDNA; population structure; totoaba ID DEEP-SEA FISH; MARINE FISH; POPULATION-GROWTH; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; STATISTICAL TESTS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SOFTWARE AB Conservation of the evolutionary legacy of endangered species is a key component for long-term persistence. Totoaba is a long-lived fish endemic to the Gulf of California and is considered critically endangered. There is currently a debate concerning its conservation status and whether it can be used as a fishery resource. Unfortunately, basic information on biological and genetic population structure of the species is lacking. We sampled 313 individuals and employed 16 microsatellite loci and 3 mitochondrial DNA markers (16S, 547 pb; COI, 619 pb; control region, 650 pb) to assess population structure and demography of totoaba in the Gulf of California, with samples from locations that encompass nearly all of its recognized geographic distribution. We could not reject a hypothesis of panmixia for totoaba, using nuclear or mitochondrial markers. Demographic analysis of mtDNA suggests a sudden population expansion model. The results have important implications for totoaba conservation because poaching is a significant conservation challenge and could have additive negative effects over the single population of totoaba in the Gulf of California. C1 [Valenzuela-Quinonez, Fausto] CONACYT Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste CIBNOR, Calle IPN 195, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. [Valenzuela-Quinonez, Fausto; Garcia-De Leon, Francisco J.] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Lab Genet Conservac, Calle IPN 195, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. [Valenzuela-Quinonez, Fausto; De-Anda-Montanez, Juan A.] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Lab Recursos Benton & Modelac Bioecon, Calle IPN 195, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. [Gilbert-Horvath, Elizabeth; Carlos Garza, John] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Garcia-De Leon, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Lab Genet Conservac, Calle IPN 195, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. EM fgarciadl@cibnor.mx OI Garcia de Leon, Francisco Javier/0000-0003-2323-2560 FU Mexican Comision para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad [FB1508/HK050/10]; Mexican Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) [165376]; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center; CONACYT fellowship [46305] FX The Mexican Comision para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (FB1508/HK050/10); Mexican Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT Grant 165376); the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center; CONACYT fellowship (No. 46305 to F.V.Q.). NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 107 IS 6 BP 496 EP 503 DI 10.1093/jhered/esw046 PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DX3CC UT WOS:000384249400002 PM 27466386 ER PT J AU Nguy-Robertson, AL Zygielbaum, AI McMechan, AJ Hein, GL Wegulo, SN Stilwell, AR Smith, TM AF Nguy-Robertson, Anthony L. Zygielbaum, Arthur I. McMechan, Anthony J. Hein, Gary L. Wegulo, Stephen N. Stilwell, Abby R. Smith, Travis M. TI Developing the framework for a risk map for mite vectored viruses in wheat resulting from pre-harvest hail damage SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Landsat; MODIS; NOAA hail product; Nebraska ID STREAK-MOSAIC-VIRUS; CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; WINTER-WHEAT; LAND-COVER; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; CROP DAMAGE; 1ST REPORT; VEGETATION; CLASSIFICATION; IMAGERY AB There is a strong economic incentive to reduce mite-vectored virus outbreaks. Most outbreaks in the central High Plains of the United States occur in the presence of volunteer wheat that emerges before harvest as a result of hail storms. This study provides a conceptual framework for developing a risk map for wheat diseases caused by mite-vectored viruses based on pre-harvest hail events. Traditional methods that use NDVI were found to be unsuitable due to low chlorophyll content in wheat at harvest. Site-level hyperspectral reflectance from mechanically hailed wheat showed increased canopy albedo. Therefore, any increase in NIR combined with large increases in red reflectance near harvest can be used to assign some level of risk. The regional model presented in this study utilized Landsat TM/ETM+ data and MODIS imagery to help gap-fill missing data. NOAA hail maps that estimate hail size were used to refine the area most likely at risk. The date range for each year was shifted to account for annual variations in crop phenology based on USDA Agriculture statistics for percent harvest of wheat. Between 2003 and 2013, there was a moderate trend (R-2 = 0.72) between the county-level insurance claims for Cheyenne County, Nebraska and the area determined to be at risk by the model (excluding the NOAA hail size product due to limited availability) when years with low hail claims (<400 ha) were excluded. These results demonstrate the potential of an operational risk map for mite-vectored viruses due to pre-season hail events. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nguy-Robertson, Anthony L.; Zygielbaum, Arthur I.; Stilwell, Abby R.] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [McMechan, Anthony J.; Hein, Gary L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Wegulo, Stephen N.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Smith, Travis M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Smith, Travis M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Nguy-Robertson, AL (reprint author), 3310 Holdrege, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM anthony.robertson@huskers.unl.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture, USDA-NIFA [2013-68004-20358] FX This project was supported in part by funds provided through the United States Department of Agriculture, USDA-NIFA grant number 2013-68004-20358. We sincerely appreciate the support and the use of facilities and equipment provided by the Center for Advanced Land Management Information Technologies (CALMIT), School of Natural Resources and High Plains Ag Lab. We also thank the USDA-Risk Management Agency (Jeff Darrow, Topeka Office) for providing the aggregated county-level insurance claim data. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 89 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2016.06.014 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DW7JG UT WOS:000383826400004 ER PT J AU Kalman, LV Datta, V Williams, M Zook, JM Salit, ML Han, JY AF Kalman, Lisa V. Datta, Vivekananda Williams, Mickey Zook, Justin M. Salit, Marc L. Han, Jin-Yeong TI Development and Characterization of Reference Materials for Genetic Testing: Focus on Public Partnerships SO ANNALS OF LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Reference materials; Genetic tests; DNA sequencing; Next generation sequencing; Molecular oncology; Quality control; Assay validation; Genomics; Genome sequencing ID REFERENCE-MATERIAL-PANEL; GENOMIC REFERENCE MATERIALS; DNA REFERENCE MATERIALS; COLLABORATIVE-PROJECT; MOLECULAR-PATHOLOGY; QUALITY; ASSOCIATION; STANDARDS AB Characterized reference materials (RMs) are needed for clinical laboratory test development and validation, quality control procedures, and proficiency testing to assure their quality. In this article, we review the development and characterization of RMs for clinical molecular genetic tests. We describe various types of RMs and how to access and utilize them, especially focusing on the Genetic Testing Reference Materials Coordination Program (Get-RM) and the Genome in a Bottle (GIAB) Consortium. This review also reinforces the need for collaborative efforts in the clinical genetic testing community to develop additional RMs. C1 [Kalman, Lisa V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Datta, Vivekananda; Williams, Mickey] NCI, Frederick Natl Lab Canc Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Zook, Justin M.; Salit, Marc L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Han, Jin-Yeong] Dong A Univ, Coll Med, Dept Lab Med, 26 Daesingongwon Ro, Busan 49201, South Korea. RP Han, JY (reprint author), Dong A Univ, Coll Med, Dept Lab Med, 26 Daesingongwon Ro, Busan 49201, South Korea. EM jyhan@dau.ac.kr FU Dong-A University research fund FX This work was supported by the Dong-A University research fund (JY Han). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper only to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the intended purpose. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU KOREAN SOC LABORATORY MEDICINE PI SEOUL PA A505-ASTERIUM SEOUL, 372 HANGANG-DAERO, YONGSAN-GU, SEOUL, 04323, SOUTH KOREA SN 2234-3806 EI 2234-3814 J9 ANN LAB MED JI Ann. Lab. Med. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 36 IS 6 BP 513 EP 520 DI 10.3343/alm.2016.36.6.513 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA DV9GP UT WOS:000383248900002 PM 27578503 ER PT J AU Natarajan, B Orloff, ND Ashkar, R Doshi, S Twedt, K Krishnamurthy, A Davis, C Forster, AM Thostenson, E Obrzut, J Sharma, R Liddle, JA AF Natarajan, Bharath Orloff, Nathan D. Ashkar, Rana Doshi, Sagar Twedt, Kevin Krishnamurthy, Ajay Davis, Chelsea Forster, Aaron M. Thostenson, Erik Obrzut, Jan Sharma, Renu Liddle, J. Alexander TI Multiscale metrologies for process optimization of carbon nanotube polymer composites SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE PRODUCTION; SINGLE-WALL; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD; EPOXY COMPOSITES; NANOCOMPOSITES; DISPERSION; SUSPENSIONS; MECHANISMS; RHEOLOGY AB Carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer nanocomposites are attractive multifunctional materials with a growing range of commercial applications. With the increasing demand for these materials, it is imperative to develop and validate methods for on-line quality control and process monitoring during production. In this work, a novel combination of characterization techniques is utilized, that facilitates the non-invasive assessment of CNT dispersion in epoxy produced by the scalable process of calendering. First, the structural parameters of these nanocomposites are evaluated across multiple length scales (10(-10) m to 10-(3) m) using scanning gallium-ion microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering. Then, a non-contact resonant microwave cavity perturbation (RCP) technique is employed to accurately measure the AC electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites. Quantitative correlations between the conductivity and structural parameters find the RCP measurements to be sensitive to CNT mass fraction, spatial organization and, therefore, the processing parameters. These results, and the non-contact nature and speed of RCP measurements identify this technique as being ideally suited for quality control of CNT nanocomposites in a nanomanufacturing environment. When validated by the multiscale characterization suite, RCP may be broadly applicable in the production of hybrid functional materials, such as graphene, gold nanorod, and carbon black nanocomposites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Natarajan, Bharath; Twedt, Kevin; Sharma, Renu; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Natarajan, Bharath] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Orloff, Nathan D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Doshi, Sagar; Thostenson, Erik] Univ Delaware, Ctr Compos Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Doshi, Sagar; Thostenson, Erik] Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Krishnamurthy, Ajay; Davis, Chelsea; Forster, Aaron M.; Obrzut, Jan] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ashkar, Rana] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Twedt, Kevin] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ashkar, Rana] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB10H193, 70NANB12H188]; Rice University [70NANB12H188]; National Research Council Research Assistantship Program; Federal Highway Administration's Exploratory Advanced Research Program [DTFH61-13-H-00010]; US National Science Foundation [1254540] FX Research for B. Natarajan was supported by a Cooperative Research Agreement (CRA) between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (Grant #: 70NANB10H193). Research for N. D. Orloff was supported by a Cooperative Research Agreement (CRA) between Rice University and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (Grant #: 70NANB12H188). Research for C. Davis was supported the National Research Council Research Assistantship Program. The authors from the University of Delaware would like to acknowledge the support of the Federal Highway Administration's Exploratory Advanced Research Program (Award No. DTFH61-13-H-00010) and US National Science Foundation (Grant #: 1254540). R.A. acknowledges support from Dr. Paul Butler, Dr. David Mildner and Dr. Markus Bleuel with SANS and USANS measurements. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 27 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD NOV PY 2016 VL 108 BP 381 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.07.028 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DU5IV UT WOS:000382246300042 ER PT J AU Johnson, KF Councill, E Thorson, JT Brooks, E Methot, RD Punt, AE AF Johnson, Kelli F. Councill, Elizabeth Thorson, James T. Brooks, Elizabeth Methot, Richard D. Punt, Andre E. TI Can autocorrelated recruitment be estimated using integrated assessment models and how does it affect population forecasts? SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autocorrelated recruitment; Integrated stock assessment model; Statistical catch at age; Rebuilding plan; Population forecast ID US WEST-COAST; STOCK ASSESSMENT; MARINE FISHES; AUTOMATIC DIFFERENTIATION; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; APPROXIMATION; SELECTIVITY; LIKELIHOOD; FRAMEWORK AB The addition of juveniles to marine populations (termed "recruitment") is highly variable due to variability in the survival of fish through larval and juvenile stages. Recruitment estimates are often large or small for several years in a row (termed "autocorrelated" recruitment). Autocorrelated recruitment can be due to numerous factors, but typically is attributed to multi-year environmental drivers affecting early life survival rates. Estimating the magnitude of recruitment autocorrelation within a stock assessment model and examinations on its effect on the quality of forecasts of spawning biomass within stock assessments is uncommon. We used a simulation experiment to evaluate the estimability of autocorrelation within a stock assessment model over a range of levels of autocorrelation in recruitment deviations. The precision and accuracy of estimated autocorrelation, and the ability of an integrated age-structured stock assessment framework to forecast the dynamics of the system, were compared for scenarios where the autocorrelation parameter within the assessment was fixed at zero, fixed at its true value, internally estimated within the integrated model, or input as a fixed value determined using an external estimation procedure that computed the sample autocorrelation of estimated recruitment deviations. Internal estimates of autocorrelation were biased toward extreme values (i.e., towards 1.0 when true autocorrelation was positive and 1.0 when true autocorrelation was negative). Estimates of autocorrelation obtained from the external estimation procedure were nearly unbiased. Forecast performance was poor (i.e., true biomass outside the predictive interval for the forecasted biomass) when autocorrelation was ignored, but was non-zero in the simulation. Applying the external estimation procedure generally improved forecast performance by decreasing forecast error and improving forecast interval coverage. However, estimates of autocorrelation were shown to degrade when fewer than 40 years of recruitment estimates were available. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, Kelli F.; Councill, Elizabeth; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Councill, Elizabeth; Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Brooks, Elizabeth] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Methot, Richard D.] NOAA, Stock Assessments, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Councill, Elizabeth] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Key Biscayne, FL 33149 USA. RP Johnson, KF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kfjohns@uw.edu OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, NA15OAR4320063, 2016-01-18]; Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington [NA140AR4170078] FX We gratefully acknowledge help from Ian Taylor, Chantel Wetzel, and Allan Hicks (NMFS, NOAA) on implementation issues regarding ss3sim and forecasting within Stock Synthesis. We thank James Ianelli for his comments on an earlier draft, which helped improve the content and clarity of the manuscript. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148 (2010-2015) and NA15OAR4320063 (2015-2020), Contribution No. 2016-01-18. Partial funding for KFJ was provided by a grant from Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA140AR4170078. This investigation contributes towards the work plan of the ICES Working Group on Recruitment Forecasting in a variable Environment (WGRFE). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 183 BP 222 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.06.004 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DV0HW UT WOS:000382599600023 ER PT J AU Runcie, R Holts, D Wraith, J Xu, Y Ramon, D Rasmussen, R Kohin, S AF Runcie, Rosa Holts, David Wraith, James Xu, Yi Ramon, Darlene Rasmussen, Rand Kohin, Suzanne TI A fishery-independent survey of juvenile shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and blue (Prionace glauca) sharks in the Southern California Bight, 1994-2013 SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pelagic shark longline survey; Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE); Shark size sampling; Northeast Pacific Ocean; Blue shark; Shortfin mako shark ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; LONGLINE FISHERY; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; NURSERY AREAS; CATCH RATES; ATLANTIC; WESTERN AB A fishery-independent abundance survey was initiated by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) in 1994 to track the relative abundance and size of juvenile shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and blue (Prionace glauca) sharks in the Southern California Bight (SCB). The survey was designed based on data from an experimental commercial shark longline fishery that operated in the SCB during 1988-1991. Survey sets were conducted annually during the summer months within seven 10 x 10 min spatial blocks in the SCB close to the California Channel Islands. Between 1994 and 2013, survey effort totaled 460 sets. The standardized catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of shortfin mako showed a generally declining trend from 1994 through 2010 with increases during the final years to a level similar to those of the mid-1990s. For blue sharks, the standardized CPUE showed a generally declining trend throughout the time series with the lowest values in 2012 and 2013, and an anomalously high CPUE in 2000. Catch rates varied across the survey area with fewer, larger sharks caught in the more northern blocks of the survey. Sharks of age classes 0-2 represented the majority of those caught in the survey (approximately 81% of blue sharks and 58% of makos), yet there was variability in the sizes of blue and mako sharks caught by year. The sex ratio of age-0 sharks caught was not different from 1:1 for shortfin makos, but skewed toward females for blue sharks. Although the survey area is relatively small and results show interannual and spatial variability in CPUE that is not fully understood, these data represent the first and only fishery-independent survey that has targeted these shark species in the SCB. The results of the survey and associated data provide useful information regarding regional relative abundance, size- and sex-compositions, and spatial distributions of shortfin mako and blue sharks, all of which are essential for stock assessments and fisheries management. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Runcie, Rosa] NOAA, Ocean Associates Inc, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Holts, David; Wraith, James; Ramon, Darlene; Rasmussen, Rand; Kohin, Suzanne] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Xu, Yi] NOAA, Natl Res Council, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Runcie, R (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Associates Inc, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Rosa.Runcie@noaa.gov FU NMFS; CDFG; NOAA National Cooperative Research Program FX We thank the crews of the R/V David Starr Jordon, R/V Yellowfin, R/V Mako, F/V Ventura II, and F/V Southern Horizon. Thanks to Oscar Sosa-Nishizaki and his numerous students and colleagues from CICESE, as well as volunteers from Moss Landing Marine Labs, California State University Fullerton, California State University Long Beach, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and other institutions. We also thank many field assistants and volunteers from the Southwest Fisheries Science Center. We thank Nancy Lo and Natalie Spear for contributing to early drafts of the manuscript, and Jeff Laake for assisting with some of the analyses. The survey was started in cooperation with CDFG; we thank Leeanne Laughlin and many other CDFG biologists for their participation during the earlier years. The original survey design and analysis of the commercial longline fishery data was conducted with assistance from Kevin Hill and Susan Smith. Partial funding for the survey was provided by NMFS, CDFG, and the NOAA National Cooperative Research Program. We dedicate this paper to two important collaborators in this research, Rand Rasmussen and Captain Pete Dupuy. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 27 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 183 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.06.010 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DV0HW UT WOS:000382599600024 ER PT J AU Lomeli, MJM Wakefield, WW AF Lomeli, Mark J. M. Wakefield, W. Waldo TI Evaluation of a sorting grid bycatch reduction device for the selective flatfish bottom trawl in the US West Coast fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bycatch reduction device; Selective flatfish trawl; Recapture net; Flatfishes; Roundfishes; Pacific halibut ID SIZE SELECTION; ROCKFISH; MESH; CODENDS; DESIGN; NUMBER; MAINE; GULF AB The U.S. West Coast limited entry groundfish trawl fishery is managed under an individual fishing quota program. For many fishermen targeting flatfishes in this fishery, catches of rockfishes (Sebastes spp.), sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) can be a concern because quota is limited relative to flatfish quotas. Thus, approaches to minimize bycatch of limiting species are important to the economic viability of the fishery. In this study, we examined the size-selection characteristics of a flexible sorting grid bycatch reduction device (designed to retain flatfishes while reducing catches of rockfishes, sablefish, and Pacific halibut) using a recapture net. The mean codend retention of target flatfishes (five species evaluated) ranged from 68.1% to 92.3%. Combined, the mean flatfish retention was 85.6%. Codend catches of shelf rockfishes, slope rockfishes, sablefish, and Pacific halibut were reduced by 80.3%, 64.0%, 97.0%, and 90.3% by weight, respectively. Significant differences in selectivity parameters between flatfishes, rockfishes, sablefish, and Pacific halibut were observed. Over fishing grounds where fishermen need a more selective trawl to harvest flatfishes, the experimental gear tested could provide fishermen a technique to reduce catches of non-target species. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lomeli, Mark J. M.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Wakefield, W. Waldo] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Lomeli, MJM (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM mlomeli@psmfc.org FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program [NA13NMF4720276] FX We would like to thank the captain and crew of the F/V Miss Sue, and Matthew Yergey, Toby Mitchell, and Andrew Conger for their at-sea assistance with this research. We also thank the reviewers who contributed to this manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program (Contract No. NA13NMF4720276). NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 183 BP 294 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.06.011 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DV0HW UT WOS:000382599600030 ER PT J AU Dietrich, J Eder, K Thompson, D Buchanan, R Skalski, J McMichael, G Fryer, D Loge, F AF Dietrich, Joseph Eder, Kai Thompson, Donald Buchanan, Rebecca Skalski, John McMichael, Geoffrey Fryer, Derek Loge, Frank TI Survival and transit of in-river and transported yearling Chinook salmon in the lower Columbia River and estuary SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Columbia River estuary; Salmon; Acoustic telemetry; Barge transportation; Survival ID INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER TAGS; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; SNAKE RIVER; DELAYED MORTALITY; SEAWARD MIGRATION; HYDROPOWER SYSTEM; AVIAN PREDATION; PLUME USA; STEELHEAD; RATES AB The lower Columbia River and estuary (LRE) is a critically important environment for outmigrating salmonids, yet uncertainties remain about the survival and behavior of barged and in-river migrating fish. Although studies have used telemetry to monitor Chinook salmon movement and survival through the LRE, comparisons between outmigration years are confounded by differences in tag technologies, array locations, and experimental designs. In the present study, multiple releases of barged and in-river Snake River spring/summer Chinook salmon were implanted with acoustic tags and monitored at multiple locations between Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River (695 km from the mouth of the Columbia River) to within 3 km of the Pacific Ocean. LRE survival estimates and transit rates of barged fish significantly varied throughout the outmigration season. The transit rates of in-river fish also varied, but without a corresponding seasonal difference in LRE survival estimates. Early release groups of barged salmon were slower and had lower survival in the LRE than in-river salmon. Estuary arrival timing and the magnitude of transit rates may contribute to significant differences in LRE mortality between in-river and barged juvenile salmon. Survival in the Lower River reaches was stable and exceeded 0.90 for both barged and in-river fish, while survival decreased markedly in the Estuary. Differential distributions of arrival to the LRE, transit rates, and survival suggest that the outmigration experience is not homogenous for barged and in-river yearling Snake River Chinook salmon, and that previous outmigration experience of threatened and endangered salmon should be considered in future management decisions and recovery plans. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dietrich, Joseph] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Eder, Kai; Thompson, Donald; Loge, Frank] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Buchanan, Rebecca; Skalski, John] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1325 Fourth Ave,Suite 1820, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [McMichael, Geoffrey] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, POB 999,MSK6-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Fryer, Derek] US Army Corps Engineers, 201 N 3rd Ave, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Loge, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kai.eder@csus.edu; geoff@mainstemfish.com; fjloge@ucdavis.edu OI Skalski, John/0000-0002-7070-2505 FU US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE); Walla Walla District [W912EF-08-D-0007] FX This project was funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Walla Walla District, Contract Number W912EF-08-D-0007, Delivery Order 1. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the supporting agency. Surgery training, tagging assistance at Lower Granite Dam, collection and analysis of JSATS data, and reporting assistance were provided by Katherine Deters, Jessica Carter, and a host of others from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Programming of the PIT-tag separation-by-code functions was provided by Dave Marvin, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. Assistance in fish collection and facilities were provided, in part, by Kent Blevins (USACE), Mike Halter (USACE), Doug Marsh and Neil Paasch (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA]), Fred Mensik and Sean Rapp (Smolt Monitoring Program) at Lower Granite Dam. Finally, thank you to Andrew Holguin (U.C. Davis) for generating the GIS maps of our study areas. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 34 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 183 BP 435 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.07.005 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DV0HW UT WOS:000382599600045 ER PT J AU Dichmont, CM Deng, RA Punt, AE Brodziak, J Chang, YJ Cope, JM Ianelli, JN Legault, CM Methot, RD Porch, CE Prager, MH Shertzer, KW AF Dichmont, Catherine M. Deng, Roy A. Punt, Andre E. Brodziak, Jon Chang, Yi-Jay Cope, Jason M. Ianelli, James N. Legault, Christopher M. Methot, Richard D., Jr. Porch, Clay E. Prager, Michael H. Shertzer, Kyle W. TI A review of stock assessment packages in the United States SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Fishing mortality; Reference points; Stock assessment; Population dynamics ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS MODELS; SURPLUS-PRODUCTION-MODEL; DATA-LIMITED SITUATIONS; AT-AGE DATA; STRUCTURED MODELS; FISHING MORTALITY; FISHERIES DATA; SIMULATED DATA; SOUTH-AFRICA; MULTIFAN-CL AB Stock assessments provide scientific advice in support of fisheries decision making. Ideally, assessments involve fitting population dynamics models to fishery and monitoring data to provide estimates of time trajectories of biomass and fishing mortality in absolute terms and relative to biological reference points such as B-MSY and F-MSY, along with measures of uncertainty. Some stock assessments are conducted using software developed for a specific stock or group of stocks. However, increasingly, stock assessments are being conducted using packages developed for application to several taxa and across multiple regions. We review the range of packages used to conduct assessments of fish and invertebrate stocks in the United States because these assessments tend to have common goals, and need to provide similar outputs for decision making. Sixteen packages are considered, five based on surplus production models, one based on a delay-difference model, and the remainder based on age-structured models. Most of the packages are freely available for use by analysts in the US and around the world, have been evaluated using simulations, and can form the basis for forecasts. The packages differ in their ease of use and the types of data inputs they can use. This paper highlights the benefits of stock assessment packages in terms of allowing analysts to explore many assessment configurations and facilitating the peer-review of assessments. It also highlights the disadvantages associated with the use of packages for conducting assessments. Packages with the most options and greatest flexibility are the most difficult to use, and see the greatest development of auxiliary tools to facilitate their use. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dichmont, Catherine M.; Deng, Roy A.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Ecosci Precinct, Dutton Park, Qld 4750, Australia. [Punt, Andre E.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brodziak, Jon] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Chang, Yi-Jay] Univ Hawaii, NOAA Fisheries, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI USA. [Cope, Jason M.; Methot, Richard D., Jr.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ianelli, James N.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Legault, Christopher M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Porch, Clay E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Prager, Michael H.] Prager Consulting, 2124 SE Grant St, Portland, OR 97214 USA. [Shertzer, Kyle W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Punt, AE (reprint author), CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM aepunt@uw.edu OI Chang, Yi-Jay/0000-0002-7472-4672 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative agreement [NA100AR4320148, 2016-01-31]; Fisheries Research and Development Corporation; CSIRO FX The authors would like to thank Nick Davies, Beth Babcock (U. Miami), Murdoch McAllister (UBC), Paul Nitschke (NOAA, NEFSC), Erik Williams (NOAA, SEFSC), and E.J. Dick (NOAA, SWFSC) for their input to the survey undertaken to develop this paper. Melissa Haltuch (NOAA, NWFSC) and Mike Wilberg (University of Maryland) are thanked for comments on an earlier version of this paper. CMD, RAD, and AEP were funded by the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation and CSIRO. Paul Crone (SWFSC) and Richard McGarvey (SARDI) are thanked for their comments on an earlier version of the paper. AEP was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative agreement No. NA100AR4320148, Contribution No. 2016-01-31. NR 134 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 183 BP 447 EP 460 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.07.001 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DV0HW UT WOS:000382599600046 ER PT J AU Schneider, N Fortin, TJ Span, R Gerber, M AF Schneider, Nico Fortin, Tara J. Span, Roland Gerber, Mandy TI Thermophysical properties of the marine microalgae Nannochloropsis salina SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microalgae; Density; Viscosity; Isobaric heat capacity; Temperature; Total solid content ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; FALLING NEEDLE VISCOMETER; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS; TEMPERATURE; SUSPENSIONS; BIOFUELS; DENSITY; ALGAE AB Algae have a variety of uses, including pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, and as a potential energy source as a feedstock for biodiesel, bioethanol and biogas. To optimize the commercial production and use of algal biomass, production facilities have to be specifically designed to handle the source materials and subsequent products. This requires a knowledge of their thermophysical properties. To that end, density, viscosity, and heat capacity of the marine microalgae Nannochloropsis salina were determined experimentally at atmospheric pressure and as a function of temperature and total solid (TS) content. Correlation analyses show a relationship between experimental data, temperature, and total solid content for each of the investigated thermophysical properties. Thus, equations were developed allowing the calculation of these properties as a function of temperature and TS content. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schneider, Nico; Span, Roland] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Thermodynam, Univ Str 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. [Fortin, Tara J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway MS 647-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gerber, Mandy] Hsch Bochum, Inst Thermo & Fluiddynam, Lennershofstr 140, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. RP Schneider, N (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Thermodynam, Univ Str 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. EM N.Schneider@thermo.rub.de FU Ruhr University Research School PLUS - Germany's Excellence Initiative [DFG GSC 98/3] FX This work was supported by the Ruhr University Research School PLUS, funded by Germany's Excellence Initiative [DFG GSC 98/3]. The authors thank Dr. Thomas J. Bruno of National Institute of Standards and Technology for supervising this work, Dr. Jessica Burger for her help with the FNR, Dr. Monika Thol of Ruhr-Universitat Bochum for helpful discussions during the development of the correlation equations and Dr. Olga Reifschneider of Ruhr-Universitat Bochum for her help with the microscopic analysis and helpful discussions regarding cell biology. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 EI 1873-7188 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 152 BP 390 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.06.039 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DU1EE UT WOS:000381950200044 ER PT J AU Pickup, D Sun, X Rosin, PL Martin, RR Cheng, Z Lian, Z Aono, M Ben Hamza, A Bronstein, A Bronstein, M Bu, S Castellani, U Cheng, S Garro, V Giachetti, A Godil, A Isaia, L Han, J Johan, H Lai, L Li, B Li, C Li, H Litman, R Liu, X Liu, Z Lu, Y Sun, L Tam, G Tatsuma, A Ye, J AF Pickup, D. Sun, X. Rosin, P. L. Martin, R. R. Cheng, Z. Lian, Z. Aono, M. Ben Hamza, A. Bronstein, A. Bronstein, M. Bu, S. Castellani, U. Cheng, S. Garro, V. Giachetti, A. Godil, A. Isaia, L. Han, J. Johan, H. Lai, L. Li, B. Li, C. Li, H. Litman, R. Liu, X. Liu, Z. Lu, Y. Sun, L. Tam, G. Tatsuma, A. Ye, J. TI Shape Retrieval of Non-rigid 3D Human Models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION LA English DT Article DE Benchmark; 3D shape retrieval; Non-rigid 3D shape retrieval; 3D humans ID BAG-OF-FEATURES; VORONOI DIAGRAMS; RECOGNITION; DESCRIPTOR; SIGNATURES; SURFACES; DISTANCE; POSE AB 3D models of humans are commonly used within computer graphics and vision, and so the ability to distinguish between body shapes is an important shape retrieval problem. We extend our recent paper which provided a benchmark for testing non-rigid 3D shape retrieval algorithms on 3D human models. This benchmark provided a far stricter challenge than previous shape benchmarks. We have added 145 new models for use as a separate training set, in order to standardise the training data used and provide a fairer comparison. We have also included experiments with the FAUST dataset of human scans. All participants of the previous benchmark study have taken part in the new tests reported here, many providing updated results using the new data. In addition, further participants have also taken part, and we provide extra analysis of the retrieval results. A total of 25 different shape retrieval methods are compared. C1 [Pickup, D.; Sun, X.; Rosin, P. L.; Martin, R. R.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Cheng, Z.] Avatar Sci Hunan Co, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Lian, Z.] Peking Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Aono, M.; Tatsuma, A.] Toyohashi Univ Technol, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan. [Ben Hamza, A.] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Bronstein, A.; Litman, R.] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. [Bronstein, M.] Univ Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland. [Bu, S.; Cheng, S.; Han, J.; Liu, Z.] Northwestern Polytech Univ, Fremont, Peoples R China. [Castellani, U.; Garro, V.; Giachetti, A.; Isaia, L.] Univ Verona, Verona, Italy. [Garro, V.] ISTI CNR, Pisa, Italy. [Godil, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johan, H.] Fraunhofer IDM NTU, Singapore, Singapore. [Lai, L.; Li, H.; Liu, X.; Sun, L.] Beijing Technol & Business Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, B.; Lu, Y.] Texas State Univ, San Marcos, TX USA. [Li, C.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Tam, G.] Swansea Univ, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Ye, J.] Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA USA. RP Pickup, D (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. EM pickupd@cardiff.ac.uk FU EPSRC [EP/J02211X/1]; Kayamori Foundation of Informational Science Advancement; JSPS KAKENHI [26280038, 15K12027, 15K15992]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [61202230, 61472015] FX This work was supported by EPSRC Research Grant EP/J02211X/1. Atsushi Tatsuma and Masaki Aono were supported by Kayamori Foundation of Informational Science Advancement and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 26280038, 15K12027 and 15K15992. Zhouhui Lian was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant Numbers 61202230 and 61472015. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5691 EI 1573-1405 J9 INT J COMPUT VISION JI Int. J. Comput. Vis. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 120 IS 2 BP 169 EP 193 DI 10.1007/s11263-016-0903-8 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA DU3EF UT WOS:000382092900004 ER PT J AU Paulechka, E Liavitskaya, T Blokhin, AV AF Paulechka, Eugene Liavitskaya, Tatsiana Blokhin, Andrey V. TI Calorimetric study of polymorphism in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Ionic liquids; 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium; hexafluorophosphate; Polymorphism; Thermodynamic functions; Relative stability ID TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; 1-ALKYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; CRYSTAL POLYMORPHISM; IMIDAZOLIUM CATION; CONDENSED STATE; PHASE BEHAVIORS; HEAT-CAPACITIES; CRYSTALLIZATION; DYNAMICS AB Stable and metastable crystal phases of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate were obtained in an adiabatic calorimeter providing precise temperature control during crystallization. Heat capacities, as well as temperatures and enthalpies of phase transitions, including fusion, were determined for three polymorphic sequences (I, II, and III). Structures of the crystal phases were assigned using crystallographic studies from the literature. The standard entropy of the liquid phase at T = 298.15 K determined using the calorimetric data for each sequence was the same within the uncertainty of the measurements. This, in combination with the crystallographic results, implies that the lowesttemperature crystal form is ordered for all sequences. The complete pattern of phase transformations in this ionic liquid at ambient pressure is described, and results show that the relative stability of Sequences II and III invert at T approximate to 281 K. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Paulechka, Eugene] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Paulechka, Eugene; Liavitskaya, Tatsiana; Blokhin, Andrey V.] Belarusian State Univ, Fac Chem, Leningradskaya 14, Minsk 220030, Byelarus. [Liavitskaya, Tatsiana] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Paulechka, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yauheni.paulechka@nist.gov FU Belarusian State Program of Scientific Research "Chemical technologies and materials, natural resource potential" FX This work was supported by the Belarusian State Program of Scientific Research "Chemical technologies and materials, natural resource potential". NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 EI 1096-3626 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 102 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2016.07.012 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA DU5QK UT WOS:000382266200021 ER PT J AU Riquelme-Bugueno, R Silva-Aburto, J Escribano, R Peterson, WT Schneider, W AF Riquelme-Bugueno, Ramiro Silva-Aburto, Jocelyn Escribano, Ruben Peterson, William T. Schneider, Wolfgang TI Growth of the Humboldt Current krill in the upwelling zone off central Chile SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Euphausiids; Equatorial subsurface water; Growth; Euphausia mucronata; Coastal upwelling; Humboldt Current System ID EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA DANA; CENTRAL-SOUTHERN CHILE; INDIAN-OCEAN SECTOR; ANTARCTIC KRILL; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY; BODY SHRINKAGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; JAPAN SEA; TEMPERATURE; PACIFICA AB Temporal variability in the daily growth rate (DGR) of the Humboldt Current krill, Euphausia mucronata, was studied in eighteen incubation experiments off the coast of Dichato, central Chile (36.5 degrees S), carried out in 2011-2014. Intermolt period (IMP) was derived from the molting rate method in order to estimate the DGRs. Mean IMP was 9.2 +/- 4.8 days (range: 2.9-18.7 d). Overall mean DGR was 0.03 +/- 0.13 mm d(-1). DGR showed a dome-shaped pattern, with a higher mean DGR when upwelling was moderate (0.06 +/- 0.04 mm d(-1)) than intense (0.01 +/- 0.00 mm d(-1)) or weak (0.01 +/- 0.01 mm d(-1)). This dome-shaped trend was observed in chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chla) at similar upwelling regimens. E. mucronata DGR variability was best explained by a generalized linear model which included the contribution of the Equatorial Subsurface Water, temperature, dissolved oxygen and Chla as predictor variables. Results suggest that E. mucronata is better adapted to grow under upwelling conditions when it can take advantage of high biological productivity, although the species growth is not limited when weak upwelling or even downwelling occurs. Analysis of the duration of the upwelling events suggest that E. mucronata growth is limited (shrinking) when upwellings last >10 days. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Riquelme-Bugueno, Ramiro] Univ Concepcion, Fac Ciencias Nat & Oceanog, Dept Zool, CP 160-C, Concepcion, Chile. [Riquelme-Bugueno, Ramiro; Escribano, Ruben; Schneider, Wolfgang] Univ Concepcion, Inst Milenio Oceanog, Concepcion, Chile. [Silva-Aburto, Jocelyn] Inst Invest Pesquera, Talcahuano, Chile. [Escribano, Ruben; Schneider, Wolfgang] Univ Concepcion, Fac Ciencias Nat & Oceanog, Dept Oceanog, Concepcion, Chile. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Riquelme-Bugueno, R (reprint author), Univ Concepcion, Fac Ciencias Nat & Oceanog, Dept Zool, CP 160-C, Concepcion, Chile. EM rriquelm@udec.cl FU Fondecyt [3130387, 1120478]; Institute Milenio de Oceanografia [IC 120019]; [2012-0006] FX This study was funded by Fondecyt No. 3130387 (R.R-B) and No. 1120478 (WS) grants. We thank the crew of L/C Kay-Kay II for their ongoing and valuable help at sea. C. Ballotta helped with some krill experiments. Comments from anonymous reviewers substantially improved the original version of this study and they are deeply appreciated. The authors are thankful for the additional support from USA 2012-0006 grant and the Institute Milenio de Oceanografia (IC 120019). NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 163 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.06.001 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DU7PV UT WOS:000382408000001 ER PT J AU Jamer, ME Sterbinsky, GE Stephen, GM DeCapua, MC Player, G Heiman, D AF Jamer, Michelle E. Sterbinsky, George E. Stephen, Gregory M. DeCapua, Matthew C. Player, Gabriel Heiman, Don TI Magnetic properties of low-moment ferrimagnetic Heusler Cr2CoGa thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAY CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; SPINTRONICS; PHASE AB Recently, theorists have predicted many materials with a low magnetic moment and large spin-polarization for spintronic applications. These compounds are predicted to form in the inverse Heusler structure; however, many of these compounds have been found to phase segregate. In this study, ordered Cr2CoGa thin films were synthesized without phase segregation using molecular beam epitaxy. The present as-grown films exhibit a low magnetic moment from antiferromagnetically coupled Cr and Co atoms as measured with superconducting quantum interface device magnetometry and soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Electrical measurements demonstrated a thermally-activated semiconductor-like resistivity component with an activation energy of 87 meV. These results confirm spin gapless semiconducting behavior, which makes these thin films well positioned for future devices. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Jamer, Michelle E.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jamer, Michelle E.; Stephen, Gregory M.; DeCapua, Matthew C.; Player, Gabriel; Heiman, Don] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Sterbinsky, George E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jamer, ME (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Jamer, ME (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-1402738]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank T. Hussey for assistance with magnetometry and D. Arena at NSLS beamline U4B for his guidance. We thank Brian Lejuene for his help with making the contacts for electrical transport measurements. This work was primarily supported by the National Science Foundation Grant No. ECCS-1402738. The use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 31 PY 2016 VL 109 IS 18 AR 182402 DI 10.1063/1.4966634 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EC1WX UT WOS:000387900600025 ER PT J AU Pu, B Ginoux, P AF Pu, Bing Ginoux, Paul TI The impact of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on springtime dust activity in Syria SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; MIDDLE-EAST DUST; MINERAL DUST; WEST-AFRICA; AEROSOL PROPERTIES; NORTH PACIFIC; OPTICAL DEPTH; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY AB The increasing trend of aerosol optical depth in the Middle East and a recent severe dust storm in Syria have raised questions as to whether dust storms will increase and promoted investigations on the dust activities driven by the natural climate variability underlying the ongoing human perturbations such as the Syrian civil war. This study examined the influences of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on dust activities in Syria using an innovative dust optical depth (DOD) dataset derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue aerosol products. A significantly negative correlation is found between the Syrian DOD and the PDO in spring from 2003 to 2015. High DOD in spring is associated with lower geopotential height over the Middle East, Europe, and North Africa, accompanied by near-surface anomalous westerly winds over the Mediterranean basin and southerly winds over the eastern Arabian Peninsula. These large-scale patterns promote the formation of the cyclones over the Middle East to trigger dust storms and also facilitate the transport of dust from North Africa, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia to Syria, where the transported dust dominates the seasonal mean DOD in spring. A negative PDO not only creates circulation anomalies favorable to high DOD in Syria but also suppresses precipitation in dust source regions over the eastern and southern Arabian Peninsula and northeastern Africa. On the daily scale, in addition to the favorable large-scale condition associated with a negative PDO, enhanced atmospheric instability in Syria (associated with increased precipitation in Turkey and northern Syria) is also critical for the development of strong springtime dust storms in Syria. C1 [Pu, Bing; Ginoux, Paul] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Pu, Bing; Ginoux, Paul] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Pu, B (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Pu, B (reprint author), NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM bing.pu@noaa.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Pu, Bing./0000-0002-7620-8460 FU NOAA; Princeton University's Cooperative Institute for Climate Science; NASA [NNG14HH42I-MAP, NNH14ZDA001N-ACMAP] FX This research was supported by NOAA, Princeton University's Cooperative Institute for Climate Science, and NASA under grants NNG14HH42I-MAP and NNH14ZDA001N-ACMAP. Comments and suggestions from the reviewers improved the paper and are gratefully appreciated. NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 31 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 21 BP 13431 EP 13448 DI 10.5194/acp-16-13431-2016 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB1NE UT WOS:000387118400005 ER PT J AU Yuan, GC Luo, JH Han, CC Liu, Y AF Yuan, Guangcui Luo, Junhua Han, Charles C. Liu, Yun TI Gelation transitions of colloidal systems with bridging attractions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SHORT-RANGE ATTRACTION; PHASE-DIAGRAM; HARD-SPHERES; MICROSPHERE; SUSPENSIONS; PARTICLES; MICROGEL; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR; POLYMER AB Gelation transitions in a colloidal system, where there is a strong reversible attraction between small, soft microgels and large, hard spheres, are systematically investigated. Different from widely studied depletion attraction systems that are also two-component systems, the strong attraction between small solvent and large solute particles introduces bridging attractions between large solute particles. We conclusively demonstrate that the formation of physical gels at the intermediate volume fraction of our bridging attraction system follows more closely with the percolation line that is in stark contrast to what is observed in depletion attraction systems, where the gelation transition is related with the frustrated spinodal separation, not a purely kinetic phenomenon. Our results introduce a different way to control gelation transitions in spherical colloidal systems, and imply that people need to be prudent when generalizing the physical picture of the gelation transitions obtained from systems with different origins of effective attraction as the solvent molecule may play important roles. C1 [Yuan, Guangcui; Luo, Junhua; Han, Charles C.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Guangcui; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yuan, Guangcui] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Yuan, GC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.; Yuan, GC (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Yuan, GC (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM guangcui.yuan@nist.gov; c.c.han@iccas.ac.cn; yunliu@nist.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 FU Chinese National Science Foundation [21474121]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB821503]; NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB15H260, 70NANB10H256]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249] FX This work is supported by the Chinese National Science Foundation (Project No. 21474121) and the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2012CB821503). This manuscript was prepared under the partial support of the Cooperative Agreements No. 70NANB15H260 and No. 70NANB10H256 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials (or suppliers, or software, etc.) are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT 31 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 4 AR 040601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.94.040601 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA EA6YM UT WOS:000386775100001 PM 27841525 ER PT J AU Everett, MV Park, LK Berntson, EA Elz, AE Whitmire, CE Keller, AA Clarke, ME AF Everett, Meredith V. Park, Linda K. Berntson, Ewann A. Elz, Anna E. Whitmire, Curt E. Keller, Aimee A. Clarke, M. Elizabeth TI Large-Scale Genotyping-by-Sequencing Indicates High Levels of Gene Flow in the Deep-Sea Octocoral Swiftia simplex (Nutting 1909) on the West Coast of the United States SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CONNECTIVITY; SOFTWARE; GENOMICS; CONSERVATION; RESILIENCE; DISPERSAL; STACKS; REEFS; TOOL AB Deep-sea corals are a critical component of habitat in the deep-sea, existing as regional hotspots for biodiversity, and are associated with increased assemblages of fish, including commercially important species. Because sampling these species is so difficult, little is known about the connectivity and life history of deep-sea octocoral populations. This study evaluates the genetic connectivity among 23 individuals of the deep-sea octocoral Swiftia simplex collected from Eastern Pacific waters along the west coast of the United States. We utilized high-throughput restriction-site associated DNA (RAD)-tag sequencing to develop the first molecular genetic resource for the deep-sea octocoral, Swiftia simplex. Using this technique we discovered thousands of putative genome-wide SNPs in this species, and after quality control, successfully genotyped 1,145 SNPs across individuals sampled from California to Washington. These SNPs were used to assess putative population structure across the region. A STRUCTURE analysis as well as a principal coordinates analysis both failed to detect any population differentiation across all geographic areas in these collections. Additionally, after assigning individuals to putative population groups geographically, no significant FST values could be detected (FST for the full data set 0.0056), and no significant isolation by distance could be detected (p = 0.999). Taken together, these results indicate a high degree of connectivity and potential panmixia in S. simplex along this portion of the continental shelf. C1 [Everett, Meredith V.] NOAA, Natl Res Council, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Park, Linda K.; Berntson, Ewann A.; Elz, Anna E.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Whitmire, Curt E.; Keller, Aimee A.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Clarke, M. Elizabeth] NOAA, Off Sci Director, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Everett, MV (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Res Council, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Meredith.Everett@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program (DSCRTP); DSCRTP FX Support was provided by an Internal Grant from NOAA's Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program [http://deepseacoraldata.noaa.gov].; This research was supported by the the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program (DSCRTP). The authors would like to thank Tom Hourigan and the DSCRTP for supporting this project. The authors would also like to thank NOAA's RACE and FRAM divisions, plus the support staff and captains for the WCBTS and RACE trawl surveys as well as Lonny Lundsten and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute for their critical support in obtaining the samples used in this study. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 31 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0165279 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0165279 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EA6BX UT WOS:000386711100024 PM 27798660 ER PT J AU Du Preez, C Curtis, JMR Clarke, ME AF Du Preez, Cherisse Curtis, Janelle M. R. Clarke, M. Elizabeth TI The Structure and Distribution of Benthic Communities on a Shallow Seamount (Cobb Seamount, Northeast Pacific Ocean) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WATER CORALS; SEA; ECOLOGY; HABITAT; DEPTH; ECHINODERMATA; BIOGEOGRAPHY; CIRCULATION; BIOLOGY AB Partially owing to their isolation and remote distribution, research on seamounts is still in its infancy, with few comprehensive datasets and empirical evidence supporting or refuting prevailing ecological paradigms. As anthropogenic activity in the high seas increases, so does the need for better understanding of seamount ecosystems and factors that influence the distribution of sensitive benthic communities. This study used quantitative community analyses to detail the structure, diversity, and distribution of benthic mega-epifauna communities on Cobb Seamount, a shallow seamount in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Underwater vehicles were used to visually survey the benthos and seafloor in similar to 1600 images (similar to 5 m(2) in size) between 34 and 1154 m depth. The analyses of 74 taxa from 11 phyla resulted in the identification of nine communities. Each community was typified by taxa considered to provide biological structure and/or be a primary producer. The majority of the community- defining taxa were either cold-water corals, sponges, or algae. Communities were generally distributed as bands encircling the seamount, and depth was consistently shown to be the strongest environmental proxy of the community-structuring processes. The remaining variability in community structure was partially explained by substrate type, rugosity, and slope. The study used environmental metrics, derived from ship-based multibeam bathymetry, to model the distribution of communities on the seamount. This model was successfully applied to map the distribution of communities on a 220 km(2) region of Cobb Seamount. The results of the study support the paradigms that seamounts are diversity 'hotspots', that the majority of seamount communities are at risk to disturbance from bottom fishing, and that seamounts are refugia for biota, while refuting the idea that seamounts have high endemism. C1 [Du Preez, Cherisse] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada. [Curtis, Janelle M. R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. [Clarke, M. Elizabeth] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Du Preez, Cherisse] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. RP Du Preez, C (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada.; Du Preez, C (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. EM cpdupreez@hotmail.com OI Du Preez, Cherisse/0000-0001-6239-2191 FU DFO's International Governance Strategy; NOM Fisheries' Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program; NOM Fisheries' Office of Science and Technology FX This research was supported by DFO's International Governance Strategy. Work conducted by NOAA was funded by NOM Fisheries' Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program and NOM Fisheries' Office of Science and Technology. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 28 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0165513 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0165513 PG 29 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE3YA UT WOS:000389537000027 PM 27792782 ER PT J AU Christianson, K Bushuk, M Dutrieux, P Parizek, BR Joughin, IR Alley, RB Shean, DE Abrahamsen, EP Anandakrishnan, S Heywood, KJ Kim, TW Lee, SH Nicholls, K Stanton, T Truffer, M Webber, BGM Jenkins, A Jacobs, S Bindschadler, R Holland, DM AF Christianson, Knut Bushuk, Mitchell Dutrieux, Pierre Parizek, Byron R. Joughin, Ian R. Alley, Richard B. Shean, David E. Abrahamsen, E. Povl Anandakrishnan, Sridhar Heywood, Karen J. Kim, Tae-Wan Lee, Sang Hoon Nicholls, Keith Stanton, Tim Truffer, Martin Webber, Benjamin G. M. Jenkins, Adrian Jacobs, Stan Bindschadler, Robert Holland, David M. TI Sensitivity of Pine Island Glacier to observed ocean forcing SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; AMUNDSEN SEA EMBAYMENT; GROUNDING LINE RETREAT; WEST ANTARCTICA; THWAITES GLACIER; SHELF; BENEATH; MELT; CIRCULATION; WIDESPREAD AB We present subannual observations (2009-2014) of a major West Antarctic glacier (Pine Island Glacier) and the neighboring ocean. Ongoing glacier retreat and accelerated ice flow were likely triggered a few decades ago by increased ocean-induced thinning, which may have initiated marine ice sheet instability. Following a subsequent 60% drop in ocean heat content from early 2012 to late 2013, ice flow slowed, but by<4%, with flow recovering as the ocean warmed to prior temperatures. During this cold-ocean period, the evolving glacier-bed/ice shelf system was also in a geometry favorable to stabilization. However, despite a minor, temporary decrease in ice discharge, the basin-wide thinning signal did not change. Thus, as predicted by theory, once marine ice sheet instability is underway, a single transient high-amplitude ocean cooling has only a relatively minor effect on ice flow. The long-term effects of ocean temperature variability on ice flow, however, are not yet known. C1 [Christianson, Knut; Shean, David E.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bushuk, Mitchell; Holland, David M.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY USA. [Bushuk, Mitchell] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dutrieux, Pierre; Joughin, Ian R.; Shean, David E.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Dutrieux, Pierre; Jacobs, Stan] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Parizek, Byron R.] Penn State Univ, Math & Geosci, Du Bois, PA USA. [Parizek, Byron R.; Alley, Richard B.; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Parizek, Byron R.; Alley, Richard B.; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Abrahamsen, E. Povl; Nicholls, Keith; Jenkins, Adrian] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge, England. [Heywood, Karen J.; Webber, Benjamin G. M.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Kim, Tae-Wan; Lee, Sang Hoon] Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. [Stanton, Tim] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. [Truffer, Martin] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bindschadler, Robert] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Christianson, K (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM knut@uw.edu RI Abrahamsen, Povl/B-2140-2008; OI Abrahamsen, Povl/0000-0001-5924-5350; Heywood, Karen/0000-0001-9859-0026; Dutrieux, Pierre/0000-0002-8066-934X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX16AM01G, NNX12AB69G, NNX15AH84G]; U.S. National Science Foundation [PLR-0732869, PLR-0732730, PLR-1443190, PLR-0632282, ANT-0732926, AGS-138832, ANT-0424589]; New York University Abu Dhabi Research Institute [G1204]; U.K. Natural Environment Research Council iSTAR program [NE/J005703/1, NE/G001367/1, NE/J005746/1]; South Korean Polar Research Institute grant KOPRI [PP15020] FX The work was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration grants NNX16AM01G (K.C.), NNX12AB69G (K.C. and D.H.), and NNX15AH84G (B.P.); U.S. National Science Foundation grants PLR-0732869 (D.H. and M. B.), PLR-0732730 (M.T.), PLR-1443190 (B.P.), PLR-0632282 (S.J.), ANT-0732926 (T.S.), AGS-138832 (B.P. and R.A.) and ANT-0424589 (I.J., K.C., R.A., S.A., and B.P.); New York University Abu Dhabi Research Institute grant G1204 (D.H.); U.K. Natural Environment Research Council iSTAR program-grants NE/J005703/1 (K.H. and B.W.), NE/G001367/1 (A.J. and P.D.), and NE/J005746/1 (A.J., K.H., B.W., and P. D.), and South Korean Polar Research Institute grant KOPRI PP15020 (S.L. and T.K.). The U.S.-NSF POLENET project provided GPS base data. Logistical support was provided by the U.S. Air Force, 139th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron of the New York Air National Guard, Kenn Borek Air, and by many dedicated individuals working as part of the Antarctic Support Contract, managed by Raytheon Polar Services Company and Lockheed-Martin, and by the officers, scientists and crew of RV Araon, RV Nathaniel B. Palmer and RRS James Clark Ross. GPS data are archived with UNAVCO (www.unavco.org). Oceanographic data have been submitted to the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/), British Oceanographic Data Centre (http://www.bodc.ac.uk/), and IEDA/MGDS Southern Ocean portal (http://www.marine-geo.org/index.php). SAR-derived ice velocity fields and grounding lines, and basal altimeter range data are freely available from the corresponding author. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 20 BP 10817 EP 10825 DI 10.1002/2016GL070500 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EC7CQ UT WOS:000388293800045 ER PT J AU Chafik, L Hakkinen, S England, MH Carton, JA Nigam, S Ruiz-Barradas, A Hannachi, A Miller, L AF Chafik, L. Hakkinen, S. England, M. H. Carton, J. A. Nigam, S. Ruiz-Barradas, A. Hannachi, A. Miller, L. TI Global linkages originating from decadal oceanic variability in the subpolar North Atlantic SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE subpolar North Atlantic; decadal variability; Atlantic climate; Walker circulation; Pacific climate; teleconnections ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; HEAT-CONTENT; MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; WARMING HIATUS; GULF-STREAM; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; SST VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC; 20TH-CENTURY AB The anomalous decadal warming of the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean (SPNA), and the northward spreading of this warm water, has been linked to rapid Arctic sea ice loss and more frequent cold European winters. Recently, variations in this heat transport have also been reported to covary with global warming slowdown/acceleration periods via a Pacific climate response. We here examine the role of SPNA temperature variability in this Atlantic-Pacific climate connectivity. We find that the evolution of ocean heat content anomalies from the subtropics to the subpolar region, likely due to ocean circulation changes, coincides with a basin-wide Atlantic warming/cooling. This induces an Atlantic-Pacific sea surface temperature seesaw, which in turn, strengthens/weakens the Walker circulation and amplifies the Pacific decadal variability that triggers pronounced global-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies. We conclude that the decadal oceanic variability in the SPNA is an essential component of the tropical interactions between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. C1 [Chafik, L.; Miller, L.] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Chafik, L.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hakkinen, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [England, M. H.] Univ New South Wales, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Climate Sys, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [England, M. H.] Univ New South Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Carton, J. A.; Nigam, S.; Ruiz-Barradas, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hannachi, A.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Chafik, L (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Chafik, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM leon.chafik@uib.no RI Miller, Laury/B-8305-2011; OI Miller, Laury/0000-0003-3095-5804; Carton, James/0000-0003-0598-5198 FU NASA Physical Oceanography Program; Australian Research Council; US National Science Foundation [AGS1439940] FX The authors wish to thank Thomas Rossby, Johan Nilsson, and the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and helpful suggestions. L.C. is supported by the Jason Altimetry Program. S.H. is supported by the NASA Physical Oceanography Program. M.H.E. is supported by the Australian Research Council. S.N. and A.R.-B. gratefully acknowledge the support of the US National Science Foundation through grant AGS1439940. AWT data are included as a supporting information file; any additional data may be obtained from L.C. (leon.chafik@uib.no). This work was completed at the corresponding author's current affiliation (Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Norway). NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 20 BP 10909 EP 10919 DI 10.1002/2016GL071134 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EC7CQ UT WOS:000388293800027 ER PT J AU Mabie, J Bullett, T Moore, P Vieira, G AF Mabie, Justin Bullett, Terence Moore, Prentiss Vieira, Gerald TI Identification of rocket-induced acoustic waves in the ionosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMOSPHERE; EARTHQUAKE; PROPAGATION; SIGNATURE AB Acoustic waves can create plasma disturbances in the ionosphere, but the number of observations is limited. Large-amplitude acoustic waves generated by energetic sources like large earthquakes and tsunamis are more readily observed than acoustic waves generated by weaker sources. New observations of plasma displacements caused by rocket-generated acoustic waves were made using the Vertically Incident Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR), an advanced high-frequency radar. Rocket-induced acoustic waves which are characterized by low amplitudes relative to those induced by more energetic sources can be detected in the ionosphere using the phase data from fixed frequency radar observations of a plasma layer. This work is important for increasing the number and quality of observations of acoustic waves in the ionosphere and could help improve the understanding of energy transport from the lower atmosphere to the thermosphere. C1 [Mabie, Justin; Bullett, Terence] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mabie, Justin; Bullett, Terence] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. [Moore, Prentiss; Vieira, Gerald] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops, VA USA. RP Mabie, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Mabie, J (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. EM Justin.Mabie@noaa.gov FU NSF [1135560]; NASA Wallops Flight Facility FX This research is supported by NSF grant 1135560. The data used in this research can be obtained through NOAA/NCEI. To obtain a copy of these data, contact ionosonde@noaa.gov. We wish to thank Douglas Drob of the Naval Research Laboratory, Tatiana Sazonova of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior, and Nikolai Zabotin of the University of Colorado for their help in preparing this letter. We also want to thank the NASA Wallops Flight Facility for their continued support of our work and to one of the reviewers for pointing out reference 14. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 20 BP 11024 EP 11029 DI 10.1002/2016GL070820 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EC7CQ UT WOS:000388293800056 ER PT J AU Bjork, BJ Bui, TQ Heckl, OH Changala, PB Spaun, B Heu, P Follman, D Deutsch, C Cole, GD Aspelmeyer, M Okumura, M Ye, J AF Bjork, B. J. Bui, T. Q. Heckl, O. H. Changala, P. B. Spaun, B. Heu, P. Follman, D. Deutsch, C. Cole, G. D. Aspelmeyer, M. Okumura, M. Ye, J. TI Direct frequency comb measurement of OD plus CO -> DOCO kinetics SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; RATE-CONSTANT; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; REACTION OH; RADICALS; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEX; TEMPERATURES; ABSORPTION AB The kinetics of the hydroxyl radical (OH) + carbon monoxide (CO) reaction, which is fundamental to both atmospheric and combustion chemistry, are complex because of the formation of the hydrocarboxyl radical (HOCO) intermediate. Despite extensive studies of this reaction, HOCO has not been observed under thermal reaction conditions. Exploiting the sensitive, broadband, and high-resolution capabilities of time-resolved cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy, we observed deuteroxyl radical (OD) + CO reaction kinetics and detected stabilized trans-DOCO, the deuterated analog of trans-HOCO. By simultaneously measuring the time-dependent concentrations of the trans-DOCO and OD species, we observed unambiguous low-pressure termolecular dependence of the reaction rate coefficients for N-2 and CO bath gases. These results confirm the HOCO formation mechanism and quantify its yield. C1 [Bjork, B. J.; Bui, T. Q.; Heckl, O. H.; Changala, P. B.; Spaun, B.; Ye, J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bjork, B. J.; Bui, T. Q.; Heckl, O. H.; Changala, P. B.; Spaun, B.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bjork, B. J.; Bui, T. Q.; Heckl, O. H.; Changala, P. B.; Spaun, B.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heu, P.; Follman, D.; Cole, G. D.] Crystalline Mirror Solut, 114 East Haley St,Suite G, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Deutsch, C.; Cole, G. D.] Crystalline Mirror Solut, Parkring 10, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Aspelmeyer, M.] Univ Vienna, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, Fac Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Okumura, M.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Arthur Amos Noyes Lab Chem Phys, 1200 East Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bjork, BJ; Ye, J (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Bjork, BJ; Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Bjork, BJ; Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bryce.bjork@colorado.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Aspelmeyer, Markus/C-4098-2017 OI Aspelmeyer, Markus/0000-0003-4499-7335 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Spectral Combs from UV; National Institute of Standards and Technology; NSF; DARPA [FAA-9550-14-C-0030, W31P4Q-16-C-0001]; NSF [CHE-1413712]; National Research Council Research Associate Fellowship; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program; Humboldt Fellowship FX Additional data supporting the conclusions are available in supplementary materials. We thank K. Sung of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for providing a list of D2O mid-IR line positions and intensities measured by R. A. Toth of JPL. We acknowledge financial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Spectral Combs from UV to THz (SCOUT) program, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NSF, and DARPA (grants FAA-9550-14-C-0030 and W31P4Q-16-C-0001). M.O. is supported by NSF grant CHE-1413712. T.Q.B. and B.S. are supported by the National Research Council Research Associate Fellowship, P.B.C. is supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program, and O.H.H. is partially supported through a Humboldt Fellowship. P.H., D.F., and C.D. are employees of a startup company (Crystalline Mirror Solutions), cofounded by G.D.C. and M.A., and coinventors on a submitted patent focusing on the crystalline mirror technology applied in this Report. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 22 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 28 PY 2016 VL 354 IS 6311 BP 444 EP 448 DI 10.1126/science.aag1862 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EB9AT UT WOS:000387684400036 PM 27789837 ER PT J AU Ancellet, G Daskalakis, N Raut, JC Tarasick, D Hair, J Quennehen, B Ravetta, F Schlager, H Weinheimer, AJ Thompson, AM Johnson, B Thomas, JL Law, KS AF Ancellet, Gerard Daskalakis, Nikos Raut, Jean Christophe Tarasick, David Hair, Jonathan Quennehen, Boris Ravetta, Francois Schlager, Hans Weinheimer, Andrew J. Thompson, Anne M. Johnson, Bryan Thomas, Jennie L. Law, Katharine S. TI Analysis of the latitudinal variability of tropospheric ozone in the Arctic using the large number of aircraft and ozonesonde observations in early summer 2008 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH NORTHERN LATITUDES; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; FIRE EMISSIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIRBORNE LIDAR; MIXING RATIOS; POLLUTION AB During the 2008 International Polar Year, the POLARCAT (Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements, and Models of Climate Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport) campaign, conducted in summer over Greenland and Canada, produced a large number of measurements from three aircraft and seven ozonesonde stations. Here we present an observation-integrated analysis based on three different types of O-3 measurements: airborne lidar, airborne UV absorption or chemiluminescence measurement, and intensified electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde profiles. Discussion of the latitudinal and vertical variability of tropospheric ozone north of 55 degrees N during this period is performed with the aid of a regional model (WFR-Chem). The model is able to reproduce the O-3 latitudinal and vertical variability but with a negative O-3 bias of 6-15 ppbv in the free troposphere above 4 km, especially over Canada. For Canada, large average CO concentrations in the free troposphere above 4 km (> 130 ppbv) and the weak correlation (< 30 %) of O-3 and PV suggest that stratospheretroposphere exchange (STE) is not the major contributor to average tropospheric ozone at latitudes less than 70 degrees N, due to the fact that local biomass burning (BB) emissions were significant during the 2008 summer period. Conversely, significant STE is found over Greenland according to the better O-3 vs. PV correlation (> 40 %) and the higher values of the 75th PV percentile. It is related to the persistence of cyclonic activity during the summer over Baffin Bay. Using differences between average concentration above Northern and Southern Canada, a weak negative latitudinal summer ozone gradient of 6 to 8 ppbv is found in the mid-troposphere between 4 and 8 km. This is attributed to an efficient O-3 photochemical production from BB emissions at latitudes less than 65 degrees N, while the STE contribution is more homogeneous in the latitude range 55-70 degrees N. A positive ozone latitudinal gradient of 12 ppbv is observed in the same altitude range over Greenland not because of an increasing latitudinal influence of STE, but because of different long-range transport from multiple mid-latitude sources (North America, Europe, and even Asia for latitudes higher than 77 degrees N). For the Arctic latitudes (> 80 degrees N), free tropospheric O-3 concentrations during summer 2008 are related to a mixture of Asian pollution and stratospheric O-3 transport across the tropopause. C1 [Ancellet, Gerard; Daskalakis, Nikos; Raut, Jean Christophe; Quennehen, Boris; Ravetta, Francois; Thomas, Jennie L.; Law, Katharine S.] Sorbonne Univ, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LATMOS IPSL, UVSQ,CNRS, Paris, France. [Hair, Jonathan] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Tarasick, David] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Schlager, Hans] DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Weinheimer, Andrew J.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Thompson, Anne M.] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Johnson, Bryan] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ancellet, G (reprint author), Sorbonne Univ, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LATMOS IPSL, UVSQ,CNRS, Paris, France. EM gerard.ancellet@latmos.ipsl.fr RI Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; OI Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Raut, Jean-Christophe/0000-0002-3552-2437; Daskalakis, Nikos/0000-0002-2409-0392; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 FU ANR; LEFE INSU/CNRS (CLIMSLIP project); ICE-ARC programme from the European Union [603887]; NASA; DLR FX We are very grateful to the support of the Meteo France/CNRS/CNES UMS SAFIRE for the ATR-42 aircraft deployment over Greenland. This work was supported by funding from ANR and LEFE INSU/CNRS (CLIMSLIP project) and from the ICE-ARC programme from the European Union 7th Framework Programme, grant number 603887. The FLEXTRA team (A. Stohl, and co-workers) is acknowledged for providing and supporting the FLEXTRA code. NASA and DLR are acknowledged for their support of the deployment of the DC-8 and Falcon-20 aircraft. WOUDC and the NASA MODIS team are acknowledged for providing the ozonesonde data and the MODIS data, respectively. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 20 BP 13341 EP 13358 DI 10.5194/acp-16-13341-2016 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB1LP UT WOS:000387113800006 ER PT J AU Zheng, XQ Zhang, B Wu, H Hu, FX Huang, QZ Shen, BG AF Zheng, X. Q. Zhang, B. Wu, H. Hu, F. X. Huang, Q. Z. Shen, B. G. TI Large magnetocaloric effect of HoxEr1-xNi (0 <= x <= 1) compounds SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC ENTROPY CHANGE; METAMAGNETIC TRANSITION; REFRIGERATION; CRYSTAL AB A secondary magnetic transition (spin reorientation transition) below Curie temperature in ErNi was observed via different characterization techniques. Ho-substitution for Er atoms has a great impact on the magnetic property and magnetocaloric effect. The two magnetic transitions change close to each other with 10% of Ho-substitution at the Er site. It is also found that 10% of Ho-substitution contributes up to similar to 14.9% of enhancement on the maximal magnetic entropy change (Delta S-M) and similar to 21.9% of enhancement on the maximal adiabatic temperature change (Delta T-ad). The maximum value of Delta S-M and Delta T-ad for Ho0.1Er0.9Ni compound is as high as 34 J/kg K and 8.9 K, respectively, under a field change of 0-5 T. The relationship between the maximal Delta S-M and the refrigerant temperature width (delta T-FWHM) for HoxEr1-xNi (0 <= x <= 1) compounds is analyzed. The enhancement of MCE for Ho0.1Er0.9Ni compound is considered to be resulted from the tendency of merging of spin reorientation transition and ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Zheng, X. Q.] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Zhang, B.; Hu, F. X.; Shen, B. G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Wu, H.; Huang, Q. Z.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zheng, XQ (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.; Shen, BG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM zhengxq@ustb.edu.cn; shenbg@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) [2014CB643700]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51501005, 11274357, 51531008, 51271196]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [FRF-TP-15-010A1]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2016M591071]; Strategic Priority Research Program B Grant [XDB07030200]; Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program, Grant No. 2014CB643700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51501005, 11274357, 51531008, and 51271196), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. FRF-TP-15-010A1), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (Grant No. 2016M591071), the Strategic Priority Research Program B (Grant No. XDB07030200), and the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 16 AR 163907 DI 10.1063/1.4966655 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EB7PI UT WOS:000387580600018 ER PT J AU Gor, GY Siderius, DW Shen, VK Bernstein, N AF Gor, Gennady Y. Siderius, Daniel W. Shen, Vincent K. Bernstein, Noam TI Modulus-pressure equation for confined fluids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POROUS VYCOR GLASS; MATRIX MONTE-CARLO; PORE-SIZE DEPENDENCE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CAPILLARY CONDENSATION; CARBON PORES; OF-STATE; ADSORPTION; ARGON; WATER AB Ultrasonic experiments allow one to measure the elastic modulus of bulk solid or fluid samples. Recently such experiments have been carried out on fluid-saturated nanoporous glass to probe the modulus of a confined fluid. In our previous work [G. Y. Gor et al., J. Chem. Phys., 143, 194506 (2015)], using Monte Carlo simulations we showed that the elastic modulus K of a fluid confined in a mesopore is a function of the pore size. Here we focus on the modulus-pressure dependence K(P), which is linear for bulk materials, a relation known as the Tait-Murnaghan equation. Using transition-matrix Monte Carlo simulations we calculated the elastic modulus of bulk argon as a function of pressure and argon confined in silica mesopores as a function of Laplace pressure. Our calculations show that while the elastic modulus is strongly affected by confinement and temperature, the slope of the modulus versus pressure is not. Moreover, the calculated slope is in a good agreement with the reference data for bulk argon and experimental data for confined argon derived from ultrasonic experiments. We propose to use the value of the slope of K(P) to estimate the elastic moduli of an unknown porous medium. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Gor, Gennady Y.; Bernstein, Noam] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Mat Phys & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Siderius, Daniel W.; Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gor, Gennady Y.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Otto H York Dept Chem Biol & Pharmaceut Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Gor, GY (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Mat Phys & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA.; Gor, GY (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Otto H York Dept Chem Biol & Pharmaceut Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM gor@njit.edu FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory's basic research core program FX This research was performed while one of the authors (G.G.) held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Naval Research Laboratory. The work of G.G. and N.B. was funded by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research core program. G.G. thanks Rolf Pelster and Klaus Schappert for the fruitful discussions of ultrasonic data, George Scherer for discussion of mechanical properties of Vycor glass, and Patrick Huber for the argon heat capacity data. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2016 VL 145 IS 16 AR 164505 DI 10.1063/1.4965916 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EB7RA UT WOS:000387586200039 PM 27802643 ER PT J AU Ren, J Ocola, LE Divan, R Czaplewski, DA Segal-Peretz, T Xiong, S Kline, RJ Arges, CG Nealey, PF AF Ren, J. Ocola, L. E. Divan, R. Czaplewski, D. A. Segal-Peretz, T. Xiong, S. Kline, R. J. Arges, C. G. Nealey, P. F. TI Post-directed-self-assembly membrane fabrication for in situ analysis of block copolymer structures SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE membrane fabrication; directed self-assembly; tomography; transmission electron microscopy; resonant soft x-ray scattering ID SEQUENTIAL INFILTRATION SYNTHESIS; CHEMICALLY PATTERNED SURFACES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; THIN-FILMS; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; SILICON-NITRIDE; OXYGEN PLASMA; TOMOGRAPHY; MORPHOLOGY AB Full characterization of the three-dimensional structures resulting from the directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCP) remains a difficult challenge. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) tomography and resonant soft x-ray scattering have emerged as powerful and complementary methods for through-film characterization; both techniques require samples to be prepared on specialized membrane substrates. Here we report a generalizable process to implement BCP DSA with density multiplication on silicon nitride membranes. A key feature of the process developed here is that it does not introduce any artefacts or damage to the polymer assemblies as DSA is performed prior to back-etched membrane formation. Because most research and applications of BCP lithography are based on silicon substrates, process variations introduced by implementing DSA on a silicon nitride/silicon stack versus silicon were identified and mitigated. Using full-wafers, membranes were fabricated with different sizes and layouts to enable both. TEM and x-ray characterization. Finally, both techniques were used to characterize structures resulting from the DSA of lamella-forming BCP with density multiplication. C1 [Ren, J.; Segal-Peretz, T.; Xiong, S.; Arges, C. G.; Nealey, P. F.] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, 5640 S Ellis Ave ERC 229, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ocola, L. E.; Divan, R.; Czaplewski, D. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave Bldg 440, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Segal-Peretz, T.; Nealey, P. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Inst Mol Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave Bldg 241, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Kline, R. J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nealey, PF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, 5640 S Ellis Ave ERC 229, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; Nealey, PF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Inst Mol Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave Bldg 241, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM nealey@uchicago.edu FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Hierarchical Materials Design (CHiMaD) [70NHNB14H012] FX Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials, Electron Microscopy Center and Materials Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The project was in part funded by award 70NHNB14H012 from the US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, as part of the Center for Hierarchical Materials Design (CHiMaD). NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 20 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD OCT 28 PY 2016 VL 27 IS 43 AR 435303 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/27/43/435303 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DY9WG UT WOS:000385485400003 ER PT J AU Dzambo, AM Turner, DD AF Dzambo, Andrew M. Turner, David D. TI Characterizing relative humidity with respect to ice in midlatitude cirrus clouds as a function of atmospheric state SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE cirrus; cloud; relative humidity with respect to ice; atmospheric state; seasonal; midlatitude ID RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; PRECIPITABLE WATER-VAPOR; DRY BIAS CORRECTION; RADIOSONDE DATA; SAMPLING STRATEGIES; PROFILING RADARS; SCALE DYNAMICS; DATA PRODUCTS; A-TRAIN; SUPERSATURATION AB Midlatitude cirrus cloud macrophysical and microphysical properties have been shown in previous studies to vary seasonally and in various large-scale dynamical regimes, but relative humidity with respect to ice (RHI) within cirrus clouds has not been studied extensively in this context. Using a combination of radiosonde and millimeter-wavelength cloud radar data, we identify 1076 cirrus clouds spanning a 7year period from 2004 to 2011. These data are separated into five classes using a previously published algorithm that is based largely on synoptic conditions. Using these data and classification scheme, we find that RHI in cirrus clouds varies seasonally. Variations in cirrus cloud RHI exist within the prescribed classifications; however, most of the variations are within the measurement uncertainty. Additionally, with the exception of nonsummer class cirrus, these variations are not statistically significant. We also find that cirrus cloud occurrence is not necessarily correlated with higher observed values of RHI. The structure of RHI in cirrus clouds varies more in thicker clouds, which follows previous studies showing that macrophysical and microphysical variability increases in thicker cirrus clouds. C1 [Dzambo, Andrew M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Turner, David D.] Natl Severe Storms Lab NOAA, Norman, OK USA. RP Dzambo, AM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. EM dzamboam@gmail.com FU U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program [DE-SC0008830] FX The authors would like to thank Cameron Homeyer for providing the code needed to compute tropopause height from the radiosonde data. The authors would also like to thank Steven Cavallo and David Parsons for their input on the original work leading to this paper. Finally, the authors would like to thank Robert Rabin, Ariel Cohen, and five anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and comments that have greatly improved the clarity and quality of this manuscript. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program with grant DE-SC0008830. The radiosonde and MMCR data used in this study were downloaded from the ARM program's data archive at archive.arm.gov. Stuart Evans graciously provided the classification data used in this study. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 20 BP 12253 EP 12269 DI 10.1002/2015JD024643 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC7CJ UT WOS:000388293100008 ER PT J AU Ehrhart, S Ickes, L Almeida, J Amorim, A Barmet, P Bianchi, F Dommen, J Dunne, EM Duplissy, J Franchin, A Kangasluoma, J Kirkby, J Kurten, A Kupc, A Lehtipalo, K Nieminen, T Riccobono, F Rondo, L Schobesberger, S Steiner, G Tome, A Wimmer, D Baltensperger, U Wagner, PE Curtius, J AF Ehrhart, Sebastian Ickes, Luisa Almeida, Joao Amorim, Antonio Barmet, Peter Bianchi, Federico Dommen, Josef Dunne, Eimear M. Duplissy, Jonathan Franchin, Alessandro Kangasluoma, Juha Kirkby, Jasper Kuerten, Andreas Kupc, Agnieszka Lehtipalo, Katrianne Nieminen, Tuomo Riccobono, Francesco Rondo, Linda Schobesberger, Siegfried Steiner, Gerhard Tome, Antonio Wimmer, Daniela Baltensperger, Urs Wagner, Paul E. Curtius, Joachim TI Comparison of the SAWNUC model with CLOUD measurements of sulphuric acid-water nucleation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ion-induced nucleation; binary nucleation ID AEROSOL-PARTICLE FORMATION; ION-INDUCED NUCLEATION; ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; SPHERICAL-PARTICLES; ELECTRICAL MOBILITY; MASS-SPECTROMETER; 1 NM; SIZE; IONIZATION; SYSTEM AB Binary nucleation of sulphuric acid-water particles is expected to be an important process in the free troposphere at low temperatures. SAWNUC (Sulphuric Acid Water Nucleation) is a model of binary nucleation that is based on laboratory measurements of the binding energies of sulphuric acid and water in charged and neutral clusters. Predictions of SAWNUC are compared for the first time comprehensively with experimental binary nucleation data from the CLOUD chamber at European Organization for Nuclear Research. The experimental measurements span a temperature range of 208-292K, sulphuric acid concentrations from 110(6) to 110(9)cm(-3), and distinguish between ion-induced and neutral nucleation. Good agreement, within a factor of 5, is found between the experimental and modeled formation rates for ion-induced nucleation at 278K and below and for neutral nucleation at 208 and 223K. Differences at warm temperatures are attributed to ammonia contamination which was indicated by the presence of ammonia-sulphuric acid clusters, detected by an Atmospheric Pressure Interface Time of Flight (APi-TOF) mass spectrometer. APi-TOF measurements of the sulphuric acid ion cluster distributions (H2SO4)HSO4 with i = 0, 1, ..., 10) show qualitative agreement with the SAWNUC ion cluster distributions. Remaining differences between the measured and modeled distributions are most likely due to fragmentation in the APi-TOF. The CLOUD results are in good agreement with previously measured cluster binding energies and show the SAWNUC model to be a good representation of ion-induced and neutral binary nucleation of sulphuric acid-water clusters in the middle and upper troposphere. C1 [Ehrhart, Sebastian; Ickes, Luisa; Almeida, Joao; Kirkby, Jasper; Kuerten, Andreas; Rondo, Linda; Wimmer, Daniela; Curtius, Joachim] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Frankfurt, Germany. [Ehrhart, Sebastian; Almeida, Joao; Kirkby, Jasper] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Ickes, Luisa] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Amorim, Antonio; Tome, Antonio] Univ Beira Interior, Univ Lisbon, SIM, Lisbon, Portugal. [Barmet, Peter; Bianchi, Federico; Dommen, Josef; Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Riccobono, Francesco; Baltensperger, Urs] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Dunne, Eimear M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Dunne, Eimear M.] Atmospher Res Ctr Eastern Finland, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio, Finland. [Duplissy, Jonathan; Franchin, Alessandro; Kangasluoma, Juha; Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Nieminen, Tuomo; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Steiner, Gerhard; Wimmer, Daniela] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Duplissy, Jonathan; Nieminen, Tuomo] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Kupc, Agnieszka; Steiner, Gerhard; Wagner, Paul E.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna, Austria. [Kupc, Agnieszka] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kupc, Agnieszka] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Nieminen, Tuomo] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio, Finland. [Schobesberger, Siegfried] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Steiner, Gerhard] Leopold Franzens Univ, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, Innsbruck, Austria. RP Ehrhart, S (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Frankfurt, Germany.; Ehrhart, S (reprint author), CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. EM sebastian.ehrhart@cern.ch RI Bianchi, Federico/G-8428-2012; Curtius, Joachim/A-2681-2011; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Dunne, Eimear/H-1567-2014; OI Bianchi, Federico/0000-0003-2996-3604; Curtius, Joachim/0000-0003-3153-4630; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Dunne, Eimear/0000-0001-7085-8473; Kangasluoma, Juha/0000-0002-1639-1187; Lehtipalo, Katrianne/0000-0002-1660-2706 FU CERN; EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network "CLOUD-ITN" grant) [215072]; EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network "CLOUD-TRAIN" grant) [316662]; EC Seventh Framework Programme (ERC-Advanced "ATMNUCLE" grant) [227463]; European Union [656994]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01LK0902A, 01LK1222A]; Swiss National Science Foundation [206621_125025, 206620_130527]; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence program [1118615]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P19546, L593]; University of Innsbruck; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [CERN/FP/116387/2010]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [N08-02-91006-CERN] FX We thank Edward R. Lovejoy, Karl D. Froyd, and Jan Kazil for providing the SAWNUC model code. We would like to thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network "CLOUD-ITN" grant 215072 and "CLOUD-TRAIN" grant 316662, and ERC-Advanced "ATMNUCLE" grant 227463), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant 656994), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project 206621_125025 and 206620_130527), the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence program (project 1118615), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project P19546 and L593), University of Innsbruck research fund for young scientists, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project CERN/FP/116387/2010), and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant N08-02-91006-CERN). The data are in the figures, tables, references, and in Kurten et al. [2016]. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 20 BP 12401 EP 12414 DI 10.1002/2015JD023723 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC7CJ UT WOS:000388293100016 PM 28239533 ER PT J AU Huang, DD Zhang, X Dalleska, NF Lignell, H Coggon, MM Chan, CM Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH Chan, CK AF Huang, Dan Dan Zhang, Xuan Dalleska, Nathan F. Lignell, Hanna Coggon, Matthew M. Chan, Chi-Ming Flagan, Richard C. Seinfeld, John H. Chan, Chak K. TI A note on the effects of inorganic seed aerosol on the oxidation state of secondary organic aerosol-alpha-Pinene ozonolysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol oxidation state; inorganic seed aerosol; highly oxygenated small carboxylic acids ID AMMONIUM-NITRATE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; REACTIVE UPTAKE; ISOPRENE; ACID; PHOTOOXIDATION; PARTICLES; CHAMBERS; MONOTERPENES; PRODUCTS AB We compare the oxidation state and molecular composition of -pinene-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) by varying the types and surface areas of inorganic seed aerosol that are used to promote the condensation of SOA-forming vapors. The oxidation state of -pinene SOA is found to increase with inorganic seed surface area, likely a result of enhanced condensation of low-volatility organic compounds on particles versus deposition on the chamber wall. -Pinene SOA is more highly oxygenated in the presence of sodium nitrate (SN) seed than ammonium sulfate seed. The relative abundance of semivolatile monomers and low-volatility dimer components that account for more than half of -pinene SOA mass is not significantly affected by the composition of seed aerosol. Enhanced uptake of highly oxidized small carboxylic acids onto SN seed particles is observed, which could potentially explain the observed higher SOA oxidation state in the presence of SN seed aerosol. Overall, our results demonstrate that a combined effect of seed aerosol composition and surface area leads to an increase in the O:C atomic ratio of -pinene SOA by as much as a factor of 2. C1 [Huang, Dan Dan; Chan, Chi-Ming; Seinfeld, John H.; Chan, Chak K.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xuan; Dalleska, Nathan F.; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA USA. [Zhang, Xuan] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Lignell, Hanna; Coggon, Matthew M.; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA USA. [Lignell, Hanna] South Coast Air Qual Management Dist, Diamond Bar, CA USA. [Coggon, Matthew M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Chan, Chi-Ming; Chan, Chak K.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Div Environm, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chan, Chak K.] City Univ Hong Kong, Sch Energy & Environm, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Seinfeld, JH; Chan, CK (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.; Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA USA.; Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA USA.; Chan, CK (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Div Environm, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.; Chan, CK (reprint author), City Univ Hong Kong, Sch Energy & Environm, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu; chak.k.chan@cityu.edu.hk RI Coggon, Matthew/I-8604-2016 OI Coggon, Matthew/0000-0002-5763-1925 FU HKUST Sponsorship scheme for Targeted Strategic Partnerships; U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS-1523500] FX This work was funded by the HKUST Sponsorship scheme for Targeted Strategic Partnerships and U.S. National Science Foundation grant AGS-1523500. Data used to generate the figures are available upon request. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 20 BP 12476 EP 12483 DI 10.1002/2016JD025999 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC7CJ UT WOS:000388293100036 ER PT J AU Thompson, LR Zeng, QL Chisholm, SW AF Thompson, Luke R. Zeng, Qinglu Chisholm, Sallie W. TI Gene Expression Patterns during Light and Dark Infection of Prochlorococcus by Cyanophage SO PLoS One LA English DT Article ID FERREDOXIN-NADP REDUCTASE; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; RNA-SEQ; PHOTOSYNTHESIS GENES; MARINE VIRUSES; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; CYANOBACTERIUM; SYNECHOCOCCUS; GENOME; SEQUENCE AB Cyanophage infecting the marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus require light and host photosystem activity for optimal reproduction. Many cyanophages encode multiple photosynthetic electron transport (PET) proteins, which are presumed to maintain electron flow and produce ATP and NADPH for nucleotide biosynthesis and phage genome replication. However, evidence suggests phage augment NADPH production via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), thus calling into question the need for NADPH production by PET. Genes implicated in cyclic PET have since been identified in cyanophage genomes. It remains an open question which mode of PET, cyclic or linear, predominates in infected cyanobacteria, and thus whether the balance is towards producing ATP or NADPH. We sequenced transcriptomes of a cyanophage (P-HM2) and its host (Prochlorococcus MED4) throughout infection in the light or in the dark, and analyzed these data in the context of phage replication and metabolite measurements. Infection was robust in the light, but phage were not produced in the dark. Host gene transcripts encoding highlight inducible proteins and two terminal oxidases (plastoquinol terminal oxidase and cytochrome coxidase) implicated in protecting the photosynthetic membrane from light stress were the most enriched in light but not dark infection. Among the most diminished transcripts in both light and dark infection was ferredoxin NADP(+) reductase (FNR), which uses the electron acceptor NADP(+) to generate NADPH in linear photosynthesis. The phage gene for CP12, which putatively inhibits the Calvin cycle enzyme that receives NADPH from FNR, was highly expressed in light infection. Therefore, both PET production of NADPH and its consumption by carbon fixation are putatively repressed during phage infection in light. Transcriptomic evidence is thus consistent with cyclic photophosphorylation using oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor as the dominant mode of PET under infection, with ATP from PET and NADPH from the PPP producing the energy and reducing equivalents for phage nucleotide biosynthesis and replication. C1 [Thompson, Luke R.; Chisholm, Sallie W.] MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Zeng, Qinglu; Chisholm, Sallie W.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Thompson, Luke R.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Zeng, Qinglu] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Div Life Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Thompson, LR; Chisholm, SW (reprint author), MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.; Chisholm, SW (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.; Thompson, LR (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM luket@alum.mit.edu; chisholm@mit.edu OI Thompson, Luke/0000-0002-3911-1280; Zeng, Qinglu/0000-0002-5616-7155 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF495]; National Science Foundation [OCE-1153588, DBI-0424599]; NIH Pre-Doctoral Training Grant [T32GM007287] FX This work was funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant GBMF495 to S.W.C., by the National Science Foundation through Grants OCE-1153588 and DBI-0424599 to S.W.C., and by NIH Pre-Doctoral Training Grant T32GM007287 to L.R.T. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 27 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0165375 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0165375 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE4VY UT WOS:000389604900071 PM 27788196 ER PT J AU Watson, JT Haynie, AC AF Watson, Jordan T. Haynie, Alan C. TI Using Vessel Monitoring System Data to Identify and Characterize Trips Made by Fishing Vessels in the United States North Pacific SO PLoS One LA English DT Article ID POSITIONAL DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISHERY; LOCATION; PATTERNS; LANDINGS; LOGBOOK; FUTURE; RISK AB Time spent fishing is the effort metric often studied in fisheries but it may under-represent the effort actually expended by fishers. Entire fishing trips, from the time vessels leave port until they return, may prove more useful for examining trends in fleet dynamics, fisher behavior, and fishing costs. However, such trip information is often difficult to resolve. We identified similar to 30,000 trips made by vessels that targeted walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the Eastern Bering Sea from 2008 - 2014 by using vessel monitoring system (VMS) and landings data. We compared estimated trip durations to observer data, which were available for approximately half of trips. Total days at sea were estimated with < 1.5% error and 96.4% of trip durations were either estimated with < 5% error or they were within expected measurement error. With 99% accuracy, we classified trips as fishing for pollock, for another target species, or not fishing. This accuracy lends strong support to the use of our method with unobserved trips across North Pacific fisheries. With individual trips resolved, we examined potential errors in datasets which are often viewed as " the truth." Despite having > 5 million VMS records (timestamps and vessel locations), this study was as much about understanding and managing data errors as it was about characterizing trips. Missing VMS records were pervasive and they strongly influenced our approach. To understand implications of missing data on inference, we simulated removal of VMS records from trips. Removal of records straightened (i. e., shortened) vessel trajectories, and travel distances were underestimated, on average, by 1.5 - 13.4% per trip. Despite this bias, VMS proved robust for trip characterization and for improved quality control of human-recorded data. Our scrutiny of human-reported and VMS data advanced our understanding of the potential utility and challenges facing VMS users globally. C1 [Watson, Jordan T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Watson, Jordan T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Haynie, Alan C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Watson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.; Watson, JT (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jordan.watson@noaa.gov OI Watson, Jordan/0000-0002-1686-0377 FU NOM Fisheries Science and Technology through the Spatial Economics Toolbox for Fisheries (FishSET) Project; North Pacific Research Board Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program; Alaska Sea Grant [R/112-04] FX Funding for this project came from NOM Fisheries Science and Technology through the Spatial Economics Toolbox for Fisheries (FishSET) Project, the North Pacific Research Board Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (www.nprb.org/bering-sea-project), and Alaska Sea Grant R/112-04 (www.seagrant.uaf.edu). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 27 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0165173 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE4VY UT WOS:000389604900050 ER PT J AU Miranda, LS Collins, AG Hirano, YM Mills, CE Marques, AC AF Miranda, Lucilia S. Collins, Allen G. Hirano, Yayoi M. Mills, Claudia E. Marques, Antonio C. TI Comparative internal anatomy of Staurozoa (Cnidaria), with functional and evolutionary inferences SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Medusozoa; Stauromedusae; Histology; Morphology; Taxonomy; Nematogenesis; Gonad; Reproduction; Claustrum ID HALICLYSTUS-ANTARCTICUS; CHARACTER EVOLUTION; SESSILE SCYPHOZOAN; PHYLUM-CNIDARIA; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RDNA DATA; STAUROMEDUSAE; PHYLOGENY; REPRODUCTION; PHYSIOLOGY AB Comparative efforts to understand the body plan evolution of stalked jellyfishes are scarce. Most characters, and particularly internal anatomy, have neither been explored for the class Staurozoa, nor broadly applied in its taxonomy and classification. Recently, a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis was derived for Staurozoa, allowing for the first broad histological comparative study of staurozoan taxa. This study uses comparative histology to describe the body plans of nine staurozoan species, inferring functional and evolutionary aspects of internal morphology based on the current phylogeny of Staurozoa. We document rarely-studied structures, such as ostia between radial pockets, intertentacular lobules, gametoducts, pad-like adhesive structures, and white spots of nematocysts (the last four newly proposed putative synapomorphies for Staurozoa). Two different regions of nematogenesis are documented. This work falsifies the view that the peduncle region of stauromedusae only retains polypoid characters; metamorphosis from stauropolyp to stauromedusa occurs both at the apical region (calyx) and basal region (peduncle). Intertentacular lobules, observed previously in only a small number of species, are shown to be widespread. Similarly, gametoducts were documented in all analyzed genera, both in males and females, thereby elucidating gamete release. Finally, ostia connecting adjacent gastric radial pockets appear to be universal for Staurozoa. Detailed histological studies of medusozoan polyps and medusae are necessary to further understand the relationships between staurozoan features and those of other medusozoan cnidarians. C1 [Miranda, Lucilia S.; Marques, Antonio C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Hirano, Yayoi M.] Nat Hist Museum & Inst, Coastal Branch, Katsuura, Chiba, Japan. [Mills, Claudia E.] Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Washington, DC USA. [Mills, Claudia E.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Washington, DC USA. [Marques, Antonio C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Biol Marinha, Sao Sebastiao, SP, Brazil. RP Miranda, LS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM mirandals@ib.usp.br RI Miranda, Lucilia/L-4930-2015; OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 FU FAPESP [2010/07362-7, 2015/23695-0, 2010/52324-6, 2011/50242-5, 2013/50484-4]; CNPq [142270/2010-5, 165066/2014-8, 474672/2007-7, 563106/2010-7, 562143/2010-6, 477156/2011-8, 305805/2013-4, 445444/2014-2]; CAPES/PDSE [16499/12-3] FX This study was supported by: FAPESP 2010/07362-7 (LSM), 2015/23695-0 (LSM), 2010/52324-6 (ACM), 2011/50242-5 (ACM), 2013/50484-4 (ACM); CNPq 142270/2010-5 (LSM), 165066/2014-8 (LSM), 474672/2007-7 (ACM), 563106/2010-7 (ACM), 562143/2010-6 (ACM), 477156/2011-8 (ACM), 305805/2013-4 (ACM), 445444/2014-2 (ACM); CAPES/PDSE: 16499/12-3 (LSM). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD OCT 27 PY 2016 VL 4 AR e2594 DI 10.7717/peerj.2594 PG 83 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EB2DQ UT WOS:000387168200005 PM 27812408 ER PT J AU Li, B Wen, HM Cui, YJ Zhou, W Qian, GD Chen, BL AF Li, Bin Wen, Hui-Min Cui, Yuanjing Zhou, Wei Qian, Guodong Chen, Banglin TI Emerging Multifunctional Metal-Organic Framework Materials SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID WHITE-LIGHT EMISSION; NANOSCALE COORDINATION POLYMERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; HIGH PROTON CONDUCTIVITY; PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; INTRINSIC ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; COLOR-RENDERING INDEX; HIGH METHANE STORAGE; NATURAL-GAS STORAGE; BASIC PYRIDYL SITES AB Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), also known as coordination polymers, represent an interesting type of solid crystalline materials that can be straightforwardly self-assembled through the coordination of metal ions/clusters with organic linkers. Owing to the modular nature and mild conditions of MOF synthesis, the porosities of MOF materials can be systematically tuned by judicious selection of molecular building blocks, and a variety of functional sites/groups can be introduced into metal ions/clusters, organic linkers, or pore spaces through pre-designing or post-synthetic approaches. These unique advantages enable MOFs to be used as a highly versatile and tunable platform for exploring multifunctional MOF materials. Here, the bright potential of MOF materials as emerging multifunctional materials is highlighted in some of the most important applications for gas storage and separation, optical, electric and magnetic materials, chemical sensing, catalysis, and biomedicine. C1 [Li, Bin; Wen, Hui-Min; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Cui, Yuanjing; Qian, Guodong] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cyrus Tang Ctr Sensor Mat & Applicat, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, BL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.; Qian, GD (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cyrus Tang Ctr Sensor Mat & Applicat, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM gdqian@zju.edu.cn; banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Li, Bin/J-6124-2015; Wen, Huimin/G-6215-2015 OI Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Li, Bin/0000-0002-7774-5452; Wen, Huimin/0000-0002-3531-3379 FU Welch Foundation [AX-1730] FX This work was supported by an Award AX-1730 from Welch Foundation (BC). NR 435 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 208 U2 208 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD OCT 26 PY 2016 VL 28 IS 40 BP 8819 EP 8860 DI 10.1002/adma.201601133 PG 42 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EG6RN UT WOS:000391173700002 PM 27454668 ER PT J AU McTigue, ND Gardner, WS Dunton, KH Hardison, AK AF McTigue, N. D. Gardner, W. S. Dunton, K. H. Hardison, A. K. TI Biotic and abiotic controls on co-occurring nitrogen cycling processes in shallow Arctic shelf sediments SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DISSIMILATORY NITRATE REDUCTION; NORTHEAST CHUKCHI SEA; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; WATER INTERFACE; AMMONIUM DNRA; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; DENITRIFICATION RATES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FJORD SEDIMENTS AB The processes that convert bioavailable inorganic nitrogen to inert nitrogen gas are prominent in continental shelf sediments and represent a critical global sink, yet little is known of these pathways in the Arctic where 18% of the world's continental shelves are located. Moreover, few data from the Arctic exist that separate loss processes like denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) from recycling pathways like dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) or source pathways like nitrogen fixation. Here we present measurements of these co-occurring processes using N-15 tracers. Denitrification was heterogeneous among stations and an order of magnitude greater than anammox and DNRA, while nitrogen fixation was undetectable. No abiotic factors correlated with interstation variability in biogeochemical rates; however, bioturbation potential explained most of the variation. Fauna-enhanced denitrification is a potentially important but overlooked process on Arctic shelves and highlights the role of the Arctic as a significant global nitrogen sink. C1 [McTigue, N. D.; Gardner, W. S.; Dunton, K. H.; Hardison, A. K.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [McTigue, N. D.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP McTigue, ND (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA.; McTigue, ND (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM nathan.mctigue@noaa.gov FU University of Texas at Austin as part of the Chukchi Sea Offshore Monitoring in Drilling Area (COMIDA) Project; BOEM Alaska Environmental Studies Program; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region, Anchorage, Alaska [M11AC00007] FX We are grateful to captain and crew of the USCGC Healy for the safe and successful voyage during HLY1301. We thank Mark McCarthy and Anne Giblin for much help and direction in analysing samples and nitrogen cycling rate calculations. Susan Schonberg was the lead taxonomist for this project and provided infauna taxonomy and biomass data. We thank Kaijun Liu for analysing ammonium isotope retention time shift samples, and Kim Jackson, Nick Reyna and Audrey Wohlrab for assistance with nutrient analyses. Bill Adams and staff constructed the stainless steel HYPOX corer. Three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the clarity and focus of this manuscript. This component of the Hanna Shoal Ecosystem Study was funded by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region, Anchorage, Alaska under Cooperative Agreement M11AC00007 with The University of Texas at Austin as part of the Chukchi Sea Offshore Monitoring in Drilling Area (COMIDA) Project and the BOEM Alaska Environmental Studies Program. This is UTMSI contribution 1713. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 37 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD OCT 26 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 13145 DI 10.1038/ncomms13145 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ9RA UT WOS:000386215000001 PM 27782213 ER PT J AU Sbiaa, R Shaw, JM Nembach, HT Al Bahri, M Ranjbar, M Akerman, J Piramanayagam, SN AF Sbiaa, R. Shaw, J. M. Nembach, H. T. Al Bahri, M. Ranjbar, M. Akerman, J. Piramanayagam, S. N. TI Ferromagnetic resonance measurements of (Co/Ni/Co/Pt) multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic multilayers; perpendicular magnetic anisotropy; magnetic force microscopy; ferromagnetic resonance ID SPIN-TORQUE OSCILLATOR; DROPLET SOLITONS AB Multilayers of [Co/Ni(t)/Co/Pt](x8) with varying Ni thickness were investigated for possible use as a free layer in magnetic tunnel junctions and spintronics devices. The thickness t of the Ni sub-layer was varied from 0.3 nm to 0.9 nm and the resulting magnetic properties were compared with (Co/Ni) and (Co/Pt) multilayers. As determined from magnetic force microscopy, magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance measurements, all multilayers exhibited perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Compared with (Co/Pt) multilayers, the sample with t of 0.9 nm showed almost the same anisotropy field of mu H-0(k) = 1.15 T but the damping constant was 40% lower. These characteristics make these multilayers attractive for spin torque based magnetoresistive devices with perpendicular anisotropy. C1 [Sbiaa, R.; Al Bahri, M.] Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Phys, POB 36,PC 123, Muscat, Oman. [Shaw, J. M.; Nembach, H. T.] NIST, Quantum Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ranjbar, M.; Piramanayagam, S. N.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Phys & Math Sci, Div Phys & Appl Phys, SPMS 04-01,21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore. [Akerman, J.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Akerman, J.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sch ICT, Mat & Nanophys, Isafjordsg. 22, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. RP Sbiaa, R (reprint author), Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Phys, POB 36,PC 123, Muscat, Oman. EM rachid@squ.edu.om RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Piramanayagam, SN/A-4192-2008 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Piramanayagam, SN/0000-0002-3178-2960 FU Sultan Qaboos University [IG/SCI/PHYS/14/09]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF); Swedish Research Council (VR); Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation (KAW) FX R Sbiaa would like to thank the Sultan Qaboos University for the financial support under Grant number IG/SCI/PHYS/14/09. Support from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF), the Swedish Research Council (VR), and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation (KAW) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 22 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD OCT 26 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 42 AR 425002 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/49/42/425002 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DY8MX UT WOS:000385385500002 ER PT J AU Greenlee, LF Rentz, NS AF Greenlee, Lauren F. Rentz, Nikki S. TI Influence of nanoparticle processing and additives on PES casting solution viscosity and cast membrane characteristics SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Iron nanoparticles; Phase inversion membrane; Polyethersulfone; Additives; Ethanol; Polyvinylpyrrolidone ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; NI/FE BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES; PHASE INVERSION MEMBRANES; POLYETHERSULFONE ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANES; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; TIO2 NANOPARTICLES; NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AB Nanoparticle stabilizer type, casting solution additives, and nanoparticle processing by centrifugal or magnetic separation were varied, and specific membrane characteristics were evaluated. Specifically, membrane casting solution viscosity, cast membrane thickness, pure water flux, and internal morphology were evaluated. While the addition of the additives ethanol and polyvinylpyrrolidone to a polyethersulfone-dimethylacetamide solution causes an expected increase in viscosity, the addition of nanoparticles can cause an increase or decrease in viscosity depending on the ligand stabilizer used during nanoparticle synthesis and casting solution additive concentration. Viscosity can also be affected by nanoparticle separation method, but again, changes are also dependent on casting solution composition. Varying changes in membrane thickness are observed and can be correlated to viscosity. Pure water flux decreases for all samples when nanoparticles are added, but the extent of the change is affected by casting solution composition. Internal morphology can partially explain the decrease in flux for nanoparticle-embedded membranes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Greenlee, Lauren F.; Rentz, Nikki S.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325Broadway,MS 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Greenlee, Lauren F.] Univ Arkansas, Bell Engn Ctr 3202, Ralph E Martin Dept Chem Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Greenlee, LF (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325Broadway,MS 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Greenlee, LF (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Bell Engn Ctr 3202, Ralph E Martin Dept Chem Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM greenlee@uark.edu NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 26 PY 2016 VL 103 BP 498 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.021 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DY9XO UT WOS:000385489900052 ER PT J AU Hebert, NB Michaud-Belleau, V Perrella, C Truong, GW Anstie, JD Stace, TM Genest, J Luiten, AN AF Hebert, Nicolas Bourbeau Michaud-Belleau, Vincent Perrella, Christopher Truong, Gar-Wing Anstie, James D. Stace, Thomas M. Genest, Jerome Luiten, Andre N. TI Real-Time Dynamic Atomic Spectroscopy Using Electro-Optic Frequency Combs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTUM CASCADE LASER; MU-M; SPECTROMETER; INTERFEROMETRY; CO2 AB Spectroscopy is a key technology for both fundamental and applied science. A long-held desire has been the development of a means to continuously acquire broadband spectral data with simultaneous high time and frequency resolution. Frequency-comb technology can open this door: here, we use a spectroscopic technique based on an electro-optic comb to make continuous observations of cesium vapor across a 3.2-GHz spectral bandwidth with a 2-mu s time resolution and with 10-MHz frequency sampling. We use a rapidly switched pump laser to burn narrow features into the spectral line and study the response to this step perturbation. This examination allows us to see a number of unexpected effects, including the temporal evolution of the bandwidth, the amplitude, and the frequency of these burnt features. We also report on the previously unobserved effect of radiation reabsorption, which slowly produces a broad pedestal of perturbation around each feature. We present models that can explain these dynamical effects. C1 [Hebert, Nicolas Bourbeau; Michaud-Belleau, Vincent; Genest, Jerome] Univ Laval, Ctr Opt Photon & Laser, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Hebert, Nicolas Bourbeau; Michaud-Belleau, Vincent; Perrella, Christopher; Truong, Gar-Wing; Anstie, James D.; Genest, Jerome; Luiten, Andre N.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, IPAS, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Truong, Gar-Wing] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stace, Thomas M.] Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Engn Quantum Syst, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Luiten, AN (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, IPAS, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM andre.luiten@adelaide.edu.au FU NIST Precision Measurement Grants Program; Australian Research Council [CE110001013, FT0991631, DP1094500]; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); South Australian Government FX The authors wish to thank the NIST Precision Measurement Grants Program, the Australian Research Council through Grants No. CE110001013, No. FT0991631, and No. DP1094500, and the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for funding this work. The authors also wish to acknowledge the South Australian Government, which has provided generous financial support through the Premier's Science and Research Fund. A. L. would like to thank B. Purcell, S. Napoli, and J. Napoli for hosting a sabbatical that enabled interpretation of these data. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD OCT 25 PY 2016 VL 6 IS 4 AR 044012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.6.044012 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EF3OL UT WOS:000390233800001 ER PT J AU Hixon, MA Green, SJ Albins, MA Akins, JL Morris, JA AF Hixon, Mark A. Green, Stephanie J. Albins, Mark A. Akins, John L. Morris, James A., Jr. TI Lionfish: a major marine invasion SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Lionfish; Invasion; Predation; Reef fishes ID INDO-PACIFIC LIONFISH; BAHAMIAN CORAL-REEFS; PTEROIS-VOLITANS; ATLANTIC; PREDATION; BEHAVIOR; FISHES AB Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans/miles were likely introduced to Florida coastal waters via the aquarium trade and have spread rapidly along the southeastern coast of the United States and throughout the greater Caribbean region, including Bermuda and the Gulf of Mexico. This mesopredator has strong consumptive effects on native demersal fishes, especially on coral reefs but also including a variety of other nearshore habitats. The invader may also have substantial indirect effects on reef ecosystems by over consuming ecologically important species. Given growing concern over what is likely the most damaging marine fish invasion to date globally, this Theme Section presents findings reported during a lionfish symposium at the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute annual conference convened in Panama City, Panama, in November 2015. New findings include mechanisms that enhance the success of the invader, the extremely broad and variable diet of invasive lionfish, the ecological effects of the invader on native fish populations in various environmental contexts, and non-consumptive interactions between invasive lionfish and native predators. C1 [Hixon, Mark A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Green, Stephanie J.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Albins, Mark A.] Univ S Alabama, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Akins, John L.] Reef Environm Educ Fdn, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. [Morris, James A., Jr.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Hixon, MA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM hixonm@hawaii.edu FU Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute; National Science Foundation [0851162, 1233027]; David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship; Florida Sea Grant Program; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Reef Environmental Education Foundation; NOAA National Ocean Service; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service; Office of the National Marine Sanctuaries; Office of International Affairs FX As organizers of the lionfish symposium, we are especially grateful for the enthusiastic support and generous funding arranged by the leaders of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute: Robert Glazer, Leroy Creswell, and Alejandro Acosta. Special thanks to MEPS editors Charles Birkeland, Tim McClanahan, Ivan Nagelkerken, and Christine Paetzold for working with guest editors Mark Albins, Stephanie Green, and Mark Hixon to produce this Theme Section. Ultimately, we thank the many colleagues who participated in the lionfish symposium, expert peer reviewers, and all those seeking to understand and control the lionfish invasion. M.A.H. acknowledges funding from the National Science Foundation (grants 0851162 and 1233027), and funding to S.J.G. was provided by a David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship. We thank the Florida Sea Grant Program, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, the Reef Environmental Education Foundation, the NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of the National Marine Sanctuaries, the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, and the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of International Affairs, for supporting the lionfish symposium. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 74 U2 74 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 25 PY 2016 VL 558 BP 161 EP 165 DI 10.3354/meps11909 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EB1MK UT WOS:000387116200013 ER PT J AU Eddy, C Pitt, J Morris, JA Smith, S Goodbody-Gringley, G Bernal, D AF Eddy, Corey Pitt, Joanna Morris, James A., Jr. Smith, Struan Goodbody-Gringley, Gretchen Bernal, Diego TI Diet of invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans and P-miles) in Bermuda SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Invasive lionfish; Feeding ecology; Stomach contents; Diet; Resource use ID INDO-PACIFIC LIONFISH; CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; CORAL-REEF FISHES; FEEDING ECOLOGY; PERCNON-GIBBESI; CARIBBEAN SEA; BEHAVIOR; DECAPODA; CRAB AB As a generalist and opportunistic predator, lionfish (Pterois volitans and P. miles) consume large quantities of juvenile reef fish and invertebrates, as well as the adults of small-bodied species. To better understand the impacts of these fishes upon invaded coral reef ecosystems, we describe the feeding habits of invasive lionfish in Bermuda based on stomach contents analysis, and the influence that environmental factors have on their diet via spatial and temporal changes in prey availability. Relative to other regions throughout the northwestern Atlantic, lionfish in Bermuda consume a greater proportion of crustaceans, and their diet appears to rely upon the relative abundance of available prey species. A poorly - known crustacean, the red night shrimp Cinetorhynchus rigens, is the species of greatest importance to the diet of Bermuda lionfish. Currently, herbivorous fishes do not make a major contribution to their diet, although the lionfish frequently target both ecologically (e.g. bluehead wrasse Thalassoma bifasciatum) and economically important species (e.g. Atlantic creolefish Paranthias furcifer). C1 [Eddy, Corey; Bernal, Diego] Univ Massachusetts, 285 Old Westport Rd, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Pitt, Joanna] Govt Bermuda, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, POB CR52, Crawl CRBX, Bermuda. [Morris, James A., Jr.] NOAA, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Smith, Struan] Bermuda Aquarium Museum & Zoo, Bermuda Nat Hist Museum, POB FL145, Flatts FL BX, Bermuda. [Goodbody-Gringley, Gretchen] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, 17 Biol Lane, Ferry Reach, St Georges, Bermuda. RP Eddy, C (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, 285 Old Westport Rd, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. EM coreyeddy1@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [DGE-1144241]; UK's Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) [DPLUS001]; University of Massachusetts Dartmouth FX Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (DGE-1144241); the UK's Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) (DPLUS001); and the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. The Bermuda Zoological Society helped administer and manage the DEFRA grant. Logistic support was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Bermuda's Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), and the Ocean Support Foundation. The authors thank the NOAA reviewers for their valuable comments as we revised the manuscript. The authors also thank Mandy Shailer from the DENR for her assistance with GIS and mapping. The authors are especially grateful to all lionfish hunters in the Bermuda Lionfish Culling Program, and those commercial fishermen who provided lionfish for this study. In particular, we thank Weldon Carl Wade, the Lionfish Mafia (William Gillett, Jon Pedro, Adrienne Smatt, Andrew Conyers, and Andrew de Melo), Adrian Kawaley-Lathan, Michael Sinclair, Tommy Sinclair, Joshua Hill, Joshua Stephens, and (last, but unquestionably not least) Mark Outerbridge, Chris Cabral, and Alex Davidson for their help. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 37 U2 37 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 25 PY 2016 VL 558 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.3354/meps11838 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EB1MK UT WOS:000387116200016 ER PT J AU Boer, GJ Smith, DM Cassou, C Doblas-Reyes, F Danabasoglu, G Kirtman, B Kushnir, Y Kimoto, M Meehl, GA Msadek, R Mueller, WA Taylor, KE Zwiers, F Rixen, M Ruprich-Robert, Y Eade, R AF Boer, George J. Smith, Douglas M. Cassou, Christophe Doblas-Reyes, Francisco Danabasoglu, Gokhan Kirtman, Ben Kushnir, Yochanan Kimoto, Masahide Meehl, Gerald A. Msadek, Rym Mueller, Wolfgang A. Taylor, Karl E. Zwiers, Francis Rixen, Michel Ruprich-Robert, Yohan Eade, Rosie TI The Decadal Climate Prediction Project (DCPP) contribution to CMIP6 SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; OCEAN; INITIALIZATION; VARIABILITY AB The Decadal Climate Prediction Project (DCPP) is a coordinated multi-model investigation into decadal climate prediction, predictability, and variability. The DCPP makes use of past experience in simulating and predicting decadal variability and forced climate change gained from the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and elsewhere. It builds on recent improvements in models, in the reanalysis of climate data, in methods of initialization and ensemble generation, and in data treatment and analysis to propose an extended comprehensive decadal prediction investigation as a contribution to CMIP6 (Eyring et al., 2016) and to the WCRP Grand Challenge on Near Term Climate Prediction (Kushnir et al., 2016). The DCPP consists of three components. Component A comprises the production and analysis of an extensive archive of retrospective forecasts to be used to assess and understand historical decadal prediction skill, as a basis for improvements in all aspects of end-to-end decadal prediction, and as a basis for forecasting on annual to decadal timescales. Component B undertakes ongoing production, analysis and dissemination of experimental quasi-real-time multi-model forecasts as a basis for potential operational forecast production. Component C involves the organization and coordination of case studies of particular climate shifts and variations, both natural and naturally forced (e.g. the "hiatus", volcanoes), including the study of the mechanisms that determine these behaviours. Groups are invited to participate in as many or as few of the components of the DCPP, each of which are separately prioritized, as are of interest to them. The Decadal Climate Prediction Project addresses a range of scientific issues involving the ability of the climate system to be predicted on annual to decadal timescales, the skill that is currently and potentially available, the mechanisms involved in long timescale variability, and the production of forecasts of benefit to both science and society. C1 [Boer, George J.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Smith, Douglas M.; Eade, Rosie] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Cassou, Christophe; Msadek, Rym] CNRS, UMR 5318, CERFACS, CECI, Toulouse, France. [Doblas-Reyes, Francisco] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Doblas-Reyes, Francisco] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr BSC CNS, Barcelona, Spain. [Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Meehl, Gerald A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kirtman, Ben] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kushnir, Yochanan] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Kimoto, Masahide] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan. [Mueller, Wolfgang A.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Taylor, Karl E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison PCMD, Livermore, CA USA. [Zwiers, Francis] Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Msadek, Rym] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Rixen, Michel] World Climate Res Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. [Ruprich-Robert, Yohan] Princeton Univ, Atmosphere & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Boer, GJ (reprint author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada.; Smith, DM (reprint author), Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. EM george.boer@canada.ca; doug.smith@metoffice.gov.uk RI Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135 FU NASA; NSF; NOAA; DOE; joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; EU FP7 SPECS project; German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under the MiKlip project [01LP1519A]; US National Science Foundation FX We are grateful to Environment and Climate Change Canada for providing publication support. Thanks to the Aspen Global Change Institute (AGCI) for hosting a DCPP workshop which contributed to Component C with funding from NASA, NSF, NOAA, and DOE. DMS was supported by the joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101) and the EU FP7 SPECS project. W. M. Mueller was supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under the MiKlip project (grant number 01LP1519A). NCAR is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PD OCT 25 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 10 BP 3751 EP 3777 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-3751-2016 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EB0VL UT WOS:000387064200001 ER PT J AU Jiang, NS Sendogdular, L Sen, M Endoh, MK Koga, T Fukuto, M Akgun, B Satija, SK Nam, CY AF Jiang, Naisheng Sendogdular, Levent Sen, Mani Endoh, Maya K. Koga, Tadanori Fukuto, Masafumi Akgun, Bulent Satija, Sushil K. Nam, Chang-Yong TI Novel Effects of Compressed CO2 Molecules on Structural Ordering and Charge Transport in Conjugated Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Thin Films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; POLYMER-FILMS; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); FLUID DILUENTS; HIGH-MOBILITY; FULLERENE; DENSITY; BLENDS AB We report the effects of compressed CO, molecules as a novel plasticization agent for poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-conjugated polymer thin films. In situ neutron reflectivity experiments demonstrated the excess sorption of CO, molecules in the P3HT thin films (about 40 nm in thickness) at low pressure (P = 8.2 MPa) under the isothermal condition of T = 36 degrees C, which is far below the polymer bulk melting point. The results proved that these CO2, molecules accelerated the crystallization process of the polymer on the basis of ex situ grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements after drying the films-via rapid depressurization to atmospheric pressure: both the out-of-plane lamellar ordering of the backbone chains and the intraplane pi-pi stacking of the side chains were significantly improved, when compared with those in the control P3HT films subjected to conventional thermal annealing (at T = 170 degrees C). Electrical measurements elucidated that the CO2-annealed P3HT thin films exhibited enhanced charge carrier mobility along with decreased background charge carrier concentration and trap density compared with those in the thermally annealed counterpart. This is attributed to the CO2-induced increase in polymer chain mobility that can drive the detrapping of molecular oxygen and healing of conformational defects in the polymer thin film. Given the universality of the excess sorption of CO2 regardless of the type of polymers, the present findings suggest that CO2 annealing near the critical point can be useful as a robust processing strategy for improving the structural and electrical characteristics of other semiconducting conjugated polymers and related systems such as polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction films. C1 [Jiang, Naisheng; Sendogdular, Levent; Sen, Mani; Endoh, Maya K.; Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Fukuto, Masafumi] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem, TR-34342 Istanbul, Turkey. [Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nam, Chang-Yong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Koga, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.; Koga, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.; Nam, CY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM tadanori.koga@stonybrook.edu; cynam@bnl.gov RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011; Nam, Chang-Yong/D-4193-2009 OI Nam, Chang-Yong/0000-0002-9093-4063 FU NSF [CMMI-084626, CMMI-1332499]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012704] FX T.K. acknowledges partial financial support from NSF Grants (CMMI-084626 and CMMI-1332499). Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. This research was in part carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials of Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-SC0012704. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 25 PY 2016 VL 32 IS 42 BP 10851 EP 10860 DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03239 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA EA2KX UT WOS:000386422300008 ER PT J AU Svanedal, I Andersson, F Hedenstrom, E Norgren, M Edlund, H Satija, SK Lindman, B Rennie, AR AF Svanedal, Ida Andersson, Fredrik Hedenstrom, Erik Norgren, Magnus Edlund, Hakan Satija, Sushil K. Lindman, Bjorn Rennie, Adrian R. TI Molecular Organization of an Adsorbed Layer: A Zwitterionic, pH-Sensitive Surfactant at the Air/Water Interface SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; CRITICAL MICELLE CONCENTRATION; CHELATING SURFACTANT; GIBBS EQUATION; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; ANIONIC SURFACTANTS; IONIC SURFACTANTS; SOLUTION BEHAVIOR; ADSORPTION; LIMITATIONS AB Neutron and X-ray reflection measurements have been used to study the structure of the adsorbed layer of a chelating surfactant at the air/liquid interface. The chelating surfactant 2-dodecyldiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (C-12-DTPA) has a large headgroup containing eight donor atoms that can participate in the coordination of metal ions. The donor atoms are also titrating, resulting in an amphoteric surfactant that can adopt a number of differently charged species depending on the pH. Very strong coordination complexes are formed with metal ions, where the metal ion can be considered as part of the surfactant structure, in contrast to monovalent cations that act as regular counterions to the negative net charge. Adsorption was investigated over a large concentration interval, from well below the critical micelle concentration (cmc) to five times the cmc. The most striking result is the maximum in the surface excess found around the cmc, winch is consistent with previous indications from surface tension measurements. Adding divalent metal ions has a limited effect on the adsorption at the air/liquid interface. The reason is the coordination of the metal ion, resulting in compensating deprotonation of the complex. Small variations in the headgroup area of different metal complexes are found, correlating to the conditional stability constants. Adding sodium chloride has a significant effect on the adsorption behavior, and the results indicate that the protonation equilibrium is more important than the ionic strength effects. From combined fits of the neutron and X-ray data, a model that consists of a thick headgroup region and a relatively thin dehydrated tail region is found, and it indicates that the tails are not fully extended and that the limiting area per molecule is determined by the bulky headgroup. C1 [Svanedal, Ida; Andersson, Fredrik; Hedenstrom, Erik; Norgren, Magnus; Edlund, Hakan; Lindman, Bjorn] Mid Sweden Univ, FSCN, SE-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden. [Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS 6100, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rennie, Adrian R.] Uppsala Univ, Mat Phys, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Rennie, Adrian R.] Uppsala Univ, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Angstrom Lab, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Lindman, Bjorn] Univ Coimbra, Dept Chem, Rua Larga, P-3004535 Coimbra, Portugal. RP Svanedal, I; Edlund, H (reprint author), Mid Sweden Univ, FSCN, SE-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden. EM ida.svanedal@miun.se; hakan.edlund@miun.se FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce FX We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 25 PY 2016 VL 32 IS 42 BP 10936 EP 10945 DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02598 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA EA2KX UT WOS:000386422300017 ER PT J AU Gordon, H Sengupta, K Rap, A Duplissy, J Frege, C Williamson, C Heinritzi, M Simon, M Yan, C Almeida, J Trostl, J Nieminen, T Ortega, IK Wagner, R Dunne, EM Adamov, A Amorim, A Bernhammer, AK Bianchi, F Breitenlechner, M Brilke, S Chen, XM Craven, JS Dias, A Ehrhart, S Fischer, L Flagan, RC Franchin, A Fuchs, C Guida, R Hakala, J Hoyle, CR Jokinen, T Junninen, H Kangasluoma, J Kim, J Kirkby, J Krapf, M Kurten, A Laaksonen, A Lehtipalo, K Makhmutov, V Mathot, S Molteni, U Monks, SA Onnela, A Perakyla, O Piel, F Petaja, T Praplanh, AP Pringle, KJ Richards, NAD Rissanen, MP Rondo, L Sarnela, N Schobesberger, S Scott, CE Seinfeldo, JH Sharma, S Sipila, M Steiner, G Stozhkov, Y Stratmann, F Tome, A Virtanen, A Vogel, AL Wagner, AC Wagner, PE Weingartner, E Wimmer, D Winkler, PM Ye, PL Zhang, X Hansel, A Dommen, J Donahue, NM Worsnop, DR Baltensperger, U Kulmala, M Curtius, J Carslaw, KS AF Gordon, Hamish Sengupta, Kamalika Rap, Alexandru Duplissy, Jonathan Frege, Carla Williamson, Christina Heinritzi, Martin Simon, Mario Yan, Chao Almeida, Joao Trostl, Jasmin Nieminen, Tuomo Ortega, Ismael K. Wagner, Robert Dunne, Eimear M. Adamov, Alexey Amorim, Antonio Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin Bianchi, Federico Breitenlechner, Martin Brilke, Sophia Chen, Xuemeng Craven, Jill S. Dias, Antonio Ehrhart, Sebastian Fischer, Lukas Flagan, Richard C. Franchin, Alessandro Fuchs, Claudia Guida, Roberto Hakala, Jani Hoyle, Christopher R. Jokinen, Tuija Junninen, Heikki Kangasluoma, Juha Kim, Jaeseok Kirkby, Jasper Krapf, Manuel Kuerten, Andreas Laaksonen, Ari Lehtipalo, Katrianne Makhmutov, Vladimir Mathot, Serge Molteni, Ugo Monks, Sarah A. Onnela, Antti Perakyla, Otso Piel, Felix Petaja, Tuukka Praplan, Arnaud P. Pringle, Kirsty J. Richards, Nigel A. D. Rissanen, Matti P. Rondo, Linda Sarnela, Nina Schobesberger, Siegfried Scott, Catherine E. Seinfeldo, John H. Sharma, Sangeeta Sipila, Mikko Steiner, Gerhard Stozhkov, Yuri Stratmann, Frank Tome, Antonio Virtanen, Annele Vogel, Alexander Lucas Wagner, Andrea C. Wagner, Paul E. Weingartner, Ernest Wimmer, Daniela Winkler, Paul M. Ye, Penglin Zhang, Xuan Hansel, Armin Dommen, Josef Donahue, Neil M. Worsnop, Douglas R. Baltensperger, Urs Kulmala, Markku Curtius, Joachim Carslaw, Kenneth S. TI Reduced anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing caused by biogenic new particle formation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE aerosol; biogenic; forcing; climate ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SULFURIC-ACID; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; FORMATION EVENTS; CLIMATE MODEL; GLOBAL CCN; NUCLEATION; EMISSIONS; IMPACT; FOREST AB The magnitude of aerosol radiative forcing caused by anthropogenic emissions depends on the baseline state of the atmosphere under pristine preindustrial conditions. Measurements show that particle formation in atmospheric conditions can occur solely from biogenic vapors. Here, we evaluate the potential effect of this source of particles on preindustrial cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations and aerosol-cloud radiative forcing over the industrial period. Model simulations show that the pure biogenic particle formation mechanism has a much larger relative effect on CCN concentrations in the preindustrial atmosphere than in the present atmosphere because of the lower aerosol concentrations. Consequently, preindustrial cloud albedo is increased more than under present day conditions, and therefore the cooling forcing of anthropogenic aerosols is reduced. The mechanism increases CCN concentrations by 20-100% over a large fraction of the preindustrial lower atmosphere, and the magnitude of annual global mean radiative forcing caused by changes of cloud albedo since 1750 is reduced by 0.22 W m(-2) (27%) to -0.60 W m(-2). Model uncertainties, relatively slow formation rates, and limited available ambient measurements make it difficult to establish the significance of a mechanism that has its dominant effect under preindustrial conditions. Our simulations predict more particle formation in the Amazon than is observed. However, the first observation of pure organic nucleation has now been reported for the free troposphere. Given the potentially significant effect on anthropogenic forcing, effort should be made to better understand such naturally driven aerosol processes. C1 [Gordon, Hamish; Almeida, Joao; Dias, Antonio; Ehrhart, Sebastian; Guida, Roberto; Kirkby, Jasper; Mathot, Serge; Onnela, Antti; Vogel, Alexander Lucas] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, Dept Expt Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Sengupta, Kamalika; Rap, Alexandru; Dunne, Eimear M.; Pringle, Kirsty J.; Richards, Nigel A. D.; Scott, Catherine E.; Carslaw, Kenneth S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Duplissy, Jonathan; Nieminen, Tuomo; Sipila, Mikko; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Kulmala, Markku] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Frege, Carla; Bianchi, Federico; Fuchs, Claudia; Hoyle, Christopher R.; Krapf, Manuel; Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Molteni, Ugo; Weingartner, Ernest; Dommen, Josef; Baltensperger, Urs] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Williamson, Christina; Heinritzi, Martin; Simon, Mario; Almeida, Joao; Brilke, Sophia; Ehrhart, Sebastian; Kirkby, Jasper; Kuerten, Andreas; Piel, Felix; Rondo, Linda; Wagner, Andrea C.; Curtius, Joachim] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Williamson, Christina; Monks, Sarah A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williamson, Christina; Monks, Sarah A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yan, Chao; Wagner, Robert; Adamov, Alexey; Bianchi, Federico; Chen, Xuemeng; Franchin, Alessandro; Hakala, Jani; Jokinen, Tuija; Junninen, Heikki; Kangasluoma, Juha; Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Perakyla, Otso; Petaja, Tuukka; Praplan, Arnaud P.; Rissanen, Matti P.; Sarnela, Nina; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Steiner, Gerhard; Wimmer, Daniela; Kulmala, Markku] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Nieminen, Tuomo; Kim, Jaeseok; Laaksonen, Ari; Virtanen, Annele] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland. [Ortega, Ismael K.] Univ Lille 1, UMR CNRS 8523, Lab Phys Lasers Atomes & Mol, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Dunne, Eimear M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Atmospher Res Ctr Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Amorim, Antonio; Worsnop, Douglas R.] Univ Lisbon, Lab Syst Instrumentat & Modeling Sci & Technol Sp, P-1849016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Amorim, Antonio; Worsnop, Douglas R.] Univ Beira Interior, P-1849016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin; Breitenlechner, Martin; Fischer, Lukas; Steiner, Gerhard; Hansel, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin] Ionicon Analyt GmbH, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Craven, Jill S.; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeldo, John H.; Zhang, Xuan] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hoyle, Christopher R.] Eidgenoss Forschungsanstalt Wald Schnee & Landsch, Inst Snow & Avalanche Res, Schnee & Lawinenforsch SLF, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Kim, Jaeseok] Korea Polar Res Inst, 26 Songdomirae Ro, Inchon 21990, South Korea. [Laaksonen, Ari] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Change Res Unit, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Makhmutov, Vladimir; Stozhkov, Yuri] Lebedev Phys Inst, Solar & Cosm Ray Res Lab, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Richards, Nigel A. D.] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Steiner, Gerhard; Stratmann, Frank; Wagner, Paul E.; Winkler, Paul M.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Ye, Penglin; Donahue, Neil M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Worsnop, Douglas R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Ortega, Ismael K.] French Aerosp Lab, ONERA, F-91123 Palaiseau, France. RP Gordon, H (reprint author), CERN, European Org Nucl Res, Dept Expt Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.; Carslaw, KS (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM hamish.gordon@cern.ch; k.s.carslaw@leeds.ac.uk RI Donahue, Neil/A-2329-2008; Bianchi, Federico/G-8428-2012; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Jokinen, Tuija/B-3365-2014; Dunne, Eimear/H-1567-2014; Hoyle, Christopher/B-7786-2008; Scott, Catherine/K-8758-2013; Makhmutov, Vladimir/N-2086-2015; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Duplissy, Jonathan/A-1723-2010; Sipila, Mikko/G-3024-2010; Weingartner, Ernest/B-6793-2009; Petaja, Tuukka/A-8009-2008; Curtius, Joachim/A-2681-2011; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Vogel, Alexander/A-1772-2017; Virtanen, Annele/E-7699-2010; OI Donahue, Neil/0000-0003-3054-2364; Bianchi, Federico/0000-0003-2996-3604; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X; Dunne, Eimear/0000-0001-7085-8473; Wagner, Robert/0000-0001-7365-8020; Perakyla, Otso/0000-0002-2089-0106; Tome, Antonio/0000-0001-9144-7120; Kangasluoma, Juha/0000-0002-1639-1187; Lehtipalo, Katrianne/0000-0002-1660-2706; Hoyle, Christopher/0000-0002-1369-9143; Scott, Catherine/0000-0002-0187-969X; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Duplissy, Jonathan/0000-0001-8819-0264; Weingartner, Ernest/0000-0002-2427-4634; Petaja, Tuukka/0000-0002-1881-9044; Curtius, Joachim/0000-0003-3153-4630; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Vogel, Alexander/0000-0002-1293-6370; Virtanen, Annele/0000-0002-2917-5344; Jokinen, Tuija/0000-0002-1280-1396; Rissanen, Matti/0000-0003-0463-8098; Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin/0000-0002-0614-3649; Junninen, Heikki/0000-0001-7178-9430 FU European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); European Commission (EC) [316662, 656994, 600377]; European Commission (EC) [European Research Council (ERC)] [NANODYNAMITE 616075, ATMNUCLE 227463]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01LK1222A]; Swiss National Science Foundation [200020_135307, 200021_140663, 206021_144947/1, 20FI20_149002/1]; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence Project [1118615]; Academy of Finland [135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, 141451]; Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation; Vaisala Foundation; Nessling Foundation; Austrian Science Fund [L593]; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology Project [CERN/FP/116387/2010]; Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsradet Grant [2011-5120]; Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [12-02-91522-CERN]; United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K015966/1]; Royal Society (Wolfson Merit Award); National Science Foundation [AGS1136479, AGS1439551, AGS1447056, CHE1012293]; Caltech Environmental Science and Engineering Grant (Davidow Foundation); Dreyfus Award [EP-11-117]; French National Research Agency; Nord-Pas de Calais; European Funds for Regional Economic Development Labex-Cappa Grant [ANR-11-LABX-0005-01] FX We thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O. S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S. V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for their important contributions to the experiment. We also thank D. Veber from Environment and Climate Change Canada for maintenance and calibrations of instruments at East Trout Lake and the Earth System Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for collaboration with data collection and quality assurance and control software. We thank A. D. Clarke and C. L. S. Reddington for making available processed data from the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) campaign. We thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. The global modelling simulations were performed on Advanced Research Computing (ARC) high-performance computers at the University of Leeds. This research has received funding from the European Commission (EC) Seventh Framework and Horizon 2020 Programmes [Marie Curie Initial Training Network (MC-ITN) CLOUD-TRAIN Grant 316662, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grants 656994 and 600377, European Research Council (ERC)-Consolidator Grant NANODYNAMITE 616075, and ERC-Advanced Grant ATMNUCLE 227463]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research Project 01LK1222A; Swiss National Science Foundation Projects 200020_135307, 200021_140663, 206021_144947/1, and 20FI20_149002/1; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence Project 1118615; Academy of Finland Grants 135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, and 141451; the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation; the Vaisala Foundation; the Nessling Foundation; Austrian Science Fund Project L593; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology Project CERN/FP/116387/2010; Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsradet Grant 2011-5120; Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research Grant 12-02-91522-CERN; United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/K015966/1; the Royal Society (Wolfson Merit Award); National Science Foundation Grants AGS1136479, AGS1439551, AGS1447056, and CHE1012293; Caltech Environmental Science and Engineering Grant (Davidow Foundation); Dreyfus Award EP-11-117; the French National Research Agency; the Nord-Pas de Calais; and European Funds for Regional Economic Development Labex-Cappa Grant ANR-11-LABX-0005-01. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 31 U2 31 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 25 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 43 BP 12053 EP 12058 DI 10.1073/pnas.1602360113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ7ZI UT WOS:000386087100040 PM 27790989 ER PT J AU Straatsma, CJE Colussi, VE Davis, MJ Lobser, DS Holland, MJ Anderson, DZ Lewandowski, HJ Cornell, EA AF Straatsma, C. J. E. Colussi, V. E. Davis, M. J. Lobser, D. S. Holland, M. J. Anderson, D. Z. Lewandowski, H. J. Cornell, E. A. TI Collapse and revival of the monopole mode of a degenerate Bose gas in an isotropic harmonic trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; FINITE TEMPERATURES; FREQUENCY-SHIFTS; MAGNETIC TRAP; NEUTRAL ATOMS; DYNAMICS; COLLISIONLESS; SIMULATIONS; EQUATION AB We study the monopole (breathing) mode of a finite temperature Bose-Einstein condensate in an isotropic harmonic trap recently developed by Lobser et al. [Nat. Phys. 11, 1009 (2015)]. We observe a nonexponential collapse of the amplitude of the condensate oscillation followed by a partial revival. This behavior is identified as being due to beating between two eigenmodes of the system, corresponding to in-phase and out-of-phase oscillations of the condensed and noncondensed fractions of the gas. We perform finite temperature simulations of the system dynamics using the Zaremba-Nikuni-Griffin methodology [J. Low Temp. Phys. 116, 277 (1999)], and find good agreement with the data, thus confirming the two mode description. C1 [Straatsma, C. J. E.; Davis, M. J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Straatsma, C. J. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Colussi, V. E.; Lobser, D. S.; Holland, M. J.; Anderson, D. Z.; Lewandowski, H. J.; Cornell, E. A.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Colussi, V. E.; Lobser, D. S.; Holland, M. J.; Anderson, D. Z.; Lewandowski, H. J.; Cornell, E. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, M. J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Straatsma, CJE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Straatsma, CJE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cameron.straatsma@colorado.edu RI Davis, Matthew/A-1464-2008 OI Davis, Matthew/0000-0001-8337-0784 FU National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center [PHY1125844]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-14-1-0327]; Australia Research Council [DP1094025]; JILA Visiting Fellows program FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center (Grant No. PHY1125844). C.J.E.S. and D.Z.A. further acknowledge the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. FA9550-14-1-0327). M.J.D. acknowledges the support of the Australia Research Council Discovery Project (No. DP1094025) and the JILA Visiting Fellows program. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 24 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 4 AR 043640 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.043640 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EF1FD UT WOS:000390069600009 ER PT J AU Stevens, JS Walczak, M Jaye, C Fischer, DA AF Stevens, Joanna S. Walczak, Monika Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. TI In Situ Solid-State Reactions Monitored by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Temperature-Induced Proton Transfer Leads to Chemical Shifts SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acid-base reactions; protonation; reaction monitoring; solid-state reactions; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID SQUARIC ACID; COCRYSTALS AB The dramatic colour and phase alteration with the solid-state, temperature-dependent reaction between squaric acid and 4,4'-bipyridine has been probed in situ with X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The electronic and chemical sensitivity to the local atomic environment through chemical shifts in the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) revealed proton transfer from the acid to the bipyridine base through the change in nitrogen protonation state in the high-temperature form. Direct detection of proton transfer coupled with structural analysis elucidates the nature of the solid-state process, with intermolecular proton transfer occurring along an acid-base chain followed by a domino effect to the subsequent acid-base chains, leading to the rapid migration along the length of the crystal. NEXAFS thereby conveys the ability to monitor the nature of solid-state chemical reactions in situ, without the need for a priori information or long-range order. C1 [Stevens, Joanna S.] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem Engn & Analyt Sci, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Walczak, Monika] Univ Manchester, Sch Mat, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stevens, JS (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Chem Engn & Analyt Sci, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM joanna.stevens@manchester.ac.uk OI Stevens, Joanna/0000-0002-1013-8447 FU University of Manchester; EPSRC through the Critical Mass Grant [EP/I013563/1]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX J.S.S. acknowledges the award of the current University Academic Research Fellowship by The University of Manchester, support from the EPSRC through the Critical Mass Grant EP/I013563/1, and thanks to Sharlinda Binti Salim Sachithananthan for her assistance with the camera optical microscopy setup. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Certain commercial names are presented in this manuscript for illustration purposes and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 EI 1521-3765 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD OCT 24 PY 2016 VL 22 IS 44 BP 15600 EP + DI 10.1002/chem.201603822 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EA7FN UT WOS:000386795700001 PM 27534271 ER PT J AU Zheng, ZH Hu, ZZ L'Heureux, M AF Zheng, Zhihai Hu, Zeng-Zhen L'Heureux, Michelle TI Predictable Components of ENSO Evolution in Real-time Multi-Model Predictions SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO PREDICTION; CLIMATE MODELS; COUPLED MODEL; FORECASTS; SKILL; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC; BARRIER AB The most predictable components of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) evolution in real-time multi-model predictions are identified by applying an empirical orthogonal function analysis of the model data that maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio (MSN EOF). The normalized Nino3.4 index is analyzed for nine 3-month overlapping seasons. In this sense, the first most predictable component (MSN EOF1) is the decaying phase of ENSO during the Northern Hemisphere spring, followed by persistence through autumn and winter. The second most predictable component of ENSO evolution, with lower prediction skill and smaller explained variance than MSN EOF1, corresponds to the growth during spring and then persistence in summer and autumn. This result suggests that decay phase of ENSO is more predictable than the growth phase. Also, the most predictable components and the forecast skills in dynamical and statistical models are similar overall, with some differences arising during spring season initial conditions. Finally, the reconstructed predictions, with only the first two MSN components, show higher skill than the model raw predictions. Therefore this method can be used as a diagnostic for model comparison and development, and it can provide a new perspective for the most predictable components of ENSO. C1 [Zheng, Zhihai] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Zhihai] China Meteorol Adm, Lab Climate Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Zhihai] Beijing Normal Univ, Future Earth Res Inst, Zhuhai Joint Innovat Ctr Climate Environm Ecosyst, Zhuhai Key Lab Dynam Urban Climate & Ecol, Zhuhai, Peoples R China. [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; L'Heureux, Michelle] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM zhengzh@cma.gov.cn RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41475096]; National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430204, 2015CB453203]; Special Scientific Research Fund of Meteorological Public Welfare Profession of China [GYHY201306021] FX We appreciate the constructive comments and insightful suggestions from reviewers and editor as well as Tom Di Liberto. We also thank all forecast groups who provide real-time forecasts to the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) at Columbia University. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41475096), the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430204), the Special Scientific Research Fund of Meteorological Public Welfare Profession of China (GYHY201306021) and the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB453203). Most of this work was finished during a visit of Dr. Zhihai Zheng to the Climate Prediction Center, NCEP/NOAA, USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 24 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 35909 DI 10.1038/srep35909 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ7MS UT WOS:000386050600001 PM 27775016 ER PT J AU Blanco, MA Shen, VK AF Blanco, Marco A. Shen, Vincent K. TI Effect of the surface charge distribution on the fluid phase behavior of charged colloids and proteins SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INVERSE PATCHY COLLOIDS; 2ND VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; CLUSTER FORMATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; COMPETING INTERACTIONS; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; DIPOLAR PARTICLES; AMMONIUM-SULFATE; CRYSTALLIZATION; AGGREGATION AB A generic but simple model is presented to evaluate the effect of the heterogeneous surface charge distribution of proteins and zwitterionic nanoparticles on their thermodynamic phase behavior. By considering surface charges as continuous "patches,"the rich set of surface patterns that is embedded in proteins and charged patchy particles can readily be described. This model is used to study the fluid phase separation of charged particles where the screening length is of the same order of magnitude as the particle size. In particular, two types of charged particles are studied: dipolar fluids and protein-like fluids. The former represents the simplest case of zwitterionic particles, whose charge distribution can be described by their dipole moment. The latter system corresponds to molecules/particles with complex surface charge arrangements such as those found in biomolecules. The results for both systems suggest a relation between the critical region, the strength of the interparticle interactions, and the arrangement of charged patches, where the critical temperature is strongly correlated to the magnitude of the dipole moment. Additionally, competition between attractive and repulsive charge-charge interactions seems to be related to the formation of fluctuating clusters in the dilute phase of dipolar fluids, as well as to the broadening of the binodal curve in protein-like fluids. Finally, a variety of self-assembled architectures are detected for dipolar fluids upon small changes to the charge distribution, providing the groundwork for studying the self-assembly of charged patchy particles. C1 [Blanco, Marco A.; Shen, Vincent K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Chem Informat Grp, Mat Measurement, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Blanco, Marco A.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Blanco, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Chem Informat Grp, Mat Measurement, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Blanco, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM mab7@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 112 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2016 VL 145 IS 15 AR 155102 DI 10.1063/1.4964613 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EA8VD UT WOS:000386916500044 PM 27782465 ER PT J AU Burton, BP Singh, AK AF Burton, B. P. Singh, A. K. TI Prediction of entropy stabilized incommensurate phases in the system MoS2-MoTe2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOS2 TRANSISTORS; VALLEY POLARIZATION; LAYER MOS2; METALS AB A first principles phase diagram calculation, that included van der Waals interactions, was performed for the 3D bulk system (1 X).MoS2 (X) . MoTe2. Surprisingly, the predicted phase diagram has at least two ordered phases, at X approximate to 0: 46, even though all calculated formation energies are positive; in a ground-state analysis that examined all configurations with 16 or fewer anion sites. The lower-temperature I-phase is predicted to transform to a higher-temperature I'-phase at T approximate to 500 K, and I0 disorders at T approximate to 730 K. Both these transitions are predicted to be first-order, and there are broad two-phase fields on both sides of the ordered regions. Both the I-and I'-phases are predicted to be incommensurate, i. e., aperiodic: I-phase in three dimensions; and I'-phase in two dimensions. C1 [Burton, B. P.; Singh, A. K.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burton, BP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM benjamin.burton@nist.gov OI Singh, Arunima/0000-0002-7212-6310 FU NIST-MGI FX This work was supported by NIST-MGI, and B. Burton wishes to thank R. Selinger, J. Douglas, K. Migler, A. Davydov, B. Campbell, J. Lau, and L. Bendersky for useful discussions. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 15 AR 155101 DI 10.1063/1.4964868 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EA9BA UT WOS:000386934000021 ER PT J AU Fontenla, JM Linsky, JL Witbrod, J France, K Buccino, A Mauas, P Vieytes, M Walkowicz, LM AF Fontenla, J. M. Linsky, Jeffrey L. Witbrod, Jesse France, Kevin Buccino, A. Mauas, Pablo Vieytes, Mariela Walkowicz, Lucianne M. TI SEMI-EMPIRICAL MODELING OF THE PHOTOSPHERE, CHROMOPSHERE, TRANSITION REGION, AND CORONA OF THE M-DWARF HOST STAR GJ 832 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planet-star interactions; stars: chromospheres; stars: coronae; stars: individual (GJ 832); stars: late-type; ultraviolet: stars ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; POTENTIALLY HABITABLE PLANETS; TERM CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY; SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; INTRINSIC LY-ALPHA; X-RAY ACTIVITY; H-ALPHA; ECHELLE SPECTRA; QUIET-SUN AB Stellar radiation from X-rays to the visible provides the energy that controls the photochemistry and mass loss from exoplanet atmospheres. The important extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region (10-91.2 nm) is inaccessible and should be computed from a reliable stellar model. It is essential to understand the formation regions and physical processes responsible for the various stellar emission features to predict how the spectral energy distribution varies with age and activity levels. We compute a state-of-the-art semi-empirical atmospheric model and the emergent high-resolution synthetic spectrum of the moderately active M2. V star GJ. 832 as the first of a series of models for stars with different activity levels. We construct a one-dimensional simple model for the physical structure of the star's chromosphere, chromosphere-corona transition region, and corona using non-LTE radiative transfer techniques and many molecular lines. The synthesized spectrum for this model fits the continuum and lines across the UV-to-optical spectrum. Particular emphasis is given to the emission lines at wavelengths that are shorter than 300 nm observed with the Hubble Space Telescope, which have important effects on the photochemistry of the exoplanet atmospheres. The FUV line ratios indicate that the transition region of GJ. 832 is more biased to hotter material than that of the quiet Sun. The excellent agreement of our computed EUV luminosity with that obtained by two other techniques indicates that our model predicts reliable EUV emission from GJ. 832. We find that the unobserved EUV flux of GJ. 832, which heats the outer atmospheres of exoplanets and drives their mass loss, is comparable to the active Sun. C1 [Fontenla, J. M.] NorthWest Res Associates, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Witbrod, Jesse] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [France, Kevin] Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Buccino, A.; Mauas, Pablo; Vieytes, Mariela] CONICET UBA, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, CC 67,Sucursal 28,C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Walkowicz, Lucianne M.] Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Fontenla, JM (reprint author), NorthWest Res Associates, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM johnf@digidyna.com; jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu; jesse.witbrod@colorado.edu; kevin.france@lasp.colorado.edu; abuccino@iafe.uba.ar; pablo@iafe.uba.ar; mariela@iafe.uba.ar; LWalkowicz@adlerplanetarium.org OI FRANCE, KEVIN/0000-0002-1002-3674 FU Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-GO-13650, HST-GO-12464] FX This work is supported by grants HST-GO-13650 and HST-GO-12464 from the Space Telescope Science Institute to the University of Colorado. We appreciate the availability of the HST data through the MAST Web site hosted by the Space Telescope Science Institute, and stellar data through the SIMBAD database operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. The authors thank the diligent referee for his many helpful suggestions, Dr. Reiner Hammer, Dr. Svetlana Berdyugina, and Dr. Alexander Brown for their helpful comments, and Dr. Allison Youngblood for advice on the EUV flux and computing the reconstructed Ly alpha flux. Finally, JLL thanks the Kiepenheuer Institut fur Sonnenphysik for its hospitality and an opportunity for shared insights. NR 106 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2016 VL 830 IS 2 AR 154 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/154 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA4LG UT WOS:000386583400006 ER PT J AU Donner, LJ O'Brien, TA Rieger, D Vogel, B Cooke, WF AF Donner, Leo J. O'Brien, Travis A. Rieger, Daniel Vogel, Bernhard Cooke, William F. TI Are atmospheric updrafts a key to unlocking climate forcing and sensitivity? SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL-CLOUD INTERACTIONS; PART I; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; MODEL; CONVECTION; SIMULATION; SPREAD; SCALE AB Both climate forcing and climate sensitivity persist as stubborn uncertainties limiting the extent to which climate models can provide actionable scientific scenarios for climate change. A key, explicit control on cloud-aerosol interactions, the largest uncertainty in climate forcing, is the vertical velocity of cloud-scale updrafts. Model-based studies of climate sensitivity indicate that convective entrainment, which is closely related to updraft speeds, is an important control on climate sensitivity. Updraft vertical velocities also drive many physical processes essential to numerical weather prediction. Vertical velocities and their role in atmospheric physical processes have been given very limited attention in models for climate and numerical weather prediction. The relevant physical scales range down to tens of meters and are thus frequently sub-grid and require parameterization. Many state-of-science convection parameterizations provide mass fluxes without specifying vertical velocities, and parameterizations that do provide vertical velocities have been subject to limited evaluation against what have until recently been scant observations. Atmospheric observations imply that the distribution of vertical velocities depends on the areas over which the vertical velocities are averaged. Distributions of vertical velocities in climate models may capture this behavior, but it has not been accounted for when parameterizing cloud and precipitation processes in current models. New observations of convective vertical velocities offer a potentially promising path toward developing process-level cloud models and parameterizations for climate and numerical weather prediction. Taking account of the scale dependence of resolved vertical velocities offers a path to matching cloud-scale physical processes and their driving dynamics more realistically, with a prospect of reduced uncertainty in both climate forcing and sensitivity. C1 [Donner, Leo J.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [O'Brien, Travis A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [O'Brien, Travis A.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rieger, Daniel; Vogel, Bernhard] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Cooke, William F.] UCAR, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Donner, LJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM leo.j.donner@noaa.gov RI Vogel, Bernhard/A-9558-2013; OI O'Brien, Travis/0000-0002-6643-1175 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research program [DE-SC0004534-NOAA] FX Analysis of convective vertical velocities has been supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research program through inter-agency agreement DE-SC0004534-NOAA. Reviews by Levi Silvers, Yi Ming, and anonymous ACPD reviewers, as well as comments from Graham Feingold on controls on drop activation in warm clouds, are appreciated. Charles Seman participated in figure preparation. We especially thank Scott Collis (Argonne National Lab) and Adam Varble (University of Utah) for providing TWP-ICE radar-retrieved vertical velocities obtained through the support of the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurements program. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 20 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 20 BP 12983 EP 12992 DI 10.5194/acp-16-12983-2016 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EA5MV UT WOS:000386665800002 ER PT J AU Mouw, CB Barnett, A McKinley, GA Gloege, L Pilcher, D AF Mouw, Colleen B. Barnett, Audrey McKinley, Galen A. Gloege, Lucas Pilcher, Darren TI Global ocean particulate organic carbon flux merged with satellite parameters SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; LITHOGENIC MATERIAL; BIOLOGICAL PUMP; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; TWILIGHT ZONE; PARTICLE-FLUX; EXPORT FLUX; ROSS SEA; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Particulate organic carbon (POC) flux estimated from POC concentration observations from sediment traps and 234Th are compiled across the global ocean. The compilation includes six time series locations: CARI-ACO, K2, OSP, BATS, OFP, and HOT. Efficiency of the biological pump of carbon to the deep ocean depends largely on biologically mediated export of carbon from the surface ocean and its remineralization with depth; thus biologically related parameters able to be estimated from satellite observations were merged at the POC observation sites. Satellite parameters include net primary production, percent microplankton, sea surface temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm, euphotic zone depth, and climatological mixed layer depth. Of the observations across the globe, 85% are concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere with 44% of the data record overlapping the satellite record. Time series sites accounted for 36% of the data, while 71% of the data are measured at >= 500m with the most common deployment depths between 1000 and 1500 m. This data set is valuable for investigations of CO2 drawdown, carbon export, remineralization, and sequestration. The compiled data can be freely accessed at doi: 10.1594/PANGAEA.855600. C1 [Mouw, Colleen B.; Barnett, Audrey] Michigan Technol Univ, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [McKinley, Galen A.; Gloege, Lucas] Univ Wisconsin, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pilcher, Darren] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mouw, Colleen B.; Barnett, Audrey] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, 215 South Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Mouw, CB (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.; Mouw, CB (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, 215 South Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM cmouw@uri.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX11AD59G, NNX13AC34G] FX We would like to thank the Ocean Color Processing Group at NASA GSFC for the processing and distribution of the SeaWiFS imagery and the IFREMER/LOS Mixed Layer Depth Climatology group for retrieval and distribution of MLD estimates. We would also like to thank BCO-DMO, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, the US JGOFS Data System at WHOI, JAMSTEC, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and the time series efforts at BATS, OFP, OSP, CARIACO and HOT for continued collection and hosting of publicly available data sets. We would like to thank Makio C. Honda for sending data from locations in the northwest Pacific, Walker O. Smith Jr. for sharing data from the Ross Sea, Maureen Conte for sharing the OFP archive, David Timothy and Roy Hourston for providing the OSP data set, Bradley Moran for providing the arctic data set, and John Dunne for sharing the Dunne et al. (2005) data compilation. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX11AD59G and NNX13AC34G) provided financial support for this data compilation effort. This is contribution number 38 of the Great Lakes Research Center at Michigan Technological University. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PD OCT 20 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 BP 531 EP 541 DI 10.5194/essd-8-531-2016 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EA5NE UT WOS:000386666700002 ER PT J AU Liu, CR McGivern, WS Manion, JA Wang, H AF Liu, Changran McGivern, W. Sean Manion, Jeffrey A. Wang, Hai TI Theory and Experiment of Binary Diffusion Coefficient of n-Alkanes in Dilute Gases SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; 1ST-PRINCIPLE CALCULATION; ENTHALPY DIFFERENCE; RAREFIED-GAS; COMBUSTION; CONFORMATIONS; EQUILIBRIUM; PARAMETERS; PARTICLES AB Binary diffusion coefficients were measured for n-pentane, n-helane, and n-octane in helium and of n-pentane in nitrogen over the temperature range of 300 to 600 K, using reversed-flow gas chromatography. A generalized, analytical theory is proposed for the binary diffusion coefficients of long-chain molecules in simple diluent gases, taking advantage of a recently developed gas-kinetic theory of the transport properties of nanoslender bodies in dilute free-molecular flows. The theory addresses the long-standing question about the applicability of the Chapman-Enskog theory in describing the transport properties of nonspherical molecular structures, or equivalently, the use of isotropic potentials of interaction for a roughly cylindrical molecular structure such as large normal alkanes. An approximate potential energy function is proposed for the intermolecular interaction of long-chain n-alkane with typical bath gases. Using this potential and the analytical theory for nanoslender bodies, we show that the diffusion coefficients of n-alkanes in typical bath gases can be treated by the resulting analytical model accurately, especially for compounds larger than n-butane. C1 [Liu, Changran; Wang, Hai] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94304 USA. [McGivern, W. Sean; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94304 USA.; Manion, JA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.manion@nist.gov; haiwang@stanford.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-14-1-0235, FA9550-16-1-0051, FIAT06004G003] FX The work at Stanford University was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under contract numbers FA9550-14-1-0235 and FA9550-16-1-0051. The work at NIST was partially supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under contract number FIAT06004G003. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 20 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 41 BP 8065 EP 8074 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08261 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DZ8FX UT WOS:000386107400009 ER PT J AU Sengupta, A Sung, HL Nesbitt, DJ AF Sengupta, Abhigyan Sung, Hsuan-Lei Nesbitt, David J. TI Amino Acid Specific Effects on RNA Tertiary Interactions: Single-Molecule Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GAAA TETRALOOP; STACKING INTERACTIONS; TRANSITION-STATE; TETRAHYMENA RIBOZYME; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; LYSINE RIBOSWITCH; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GENE-EXPRESSION; BINDING AB In light of the current models for an early RNA based universe, the potential influence of simple amino acids on tertiary folding of ribozymal RNA into biochemically competent structures is speculated to be of significant evolutionary importance. In the present work, the folding unfolding kinetics of a ubiquitous tertiary interaction motif, the GAAA tetraloop-tetraloop receptor (TL-TLR), is investigated by single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer spectroscopy in the presence of natural amino acids both with (e.g., lysine, arginine) and without (e.g., glycine) protonated side chain residues. By way of control, we also investigate the effects of a special amino acid (e.g., proline) and amino acid mimetic (e.g., betaine) that contain secondary or quaternary amine groups rather than a primary amine group. This combination permits systematic study of amino acid induced (or amino acid like) RNA folding dynamics as a function of side chain complexity, pKa, charge state, and amine group content. Most importantly, each of the naturally occurring amino acids is found to destabilize the TL-TLR tertiary folding equilibrium, the kinetic origin of which is dominated by a decrease in the folding rate constant (k(dock)), also affected by a strongly amino acid selective increase in the unfolding rate constant (k(undock)). To further elucidate the underlying thermodynamics, single-molecule selective increase in the unfolding rate constant (equilibrium constants (K-eq) for TL-TLR folding have been probed as a function of temperature, which reveal an amino acid dependent decrease in both overall exothermicity (Delta Delta H degrees > 0) and entropic cost (-T Delta Delta S degrees < 0) for the overall folding process. Temperature-dependent studies on the folding/unfolding kinetic rate constants reveal analogous amino acid specific changes in both enthalpy (Delta HS double dagger) and entropy (Delta Delta S-double dagger) for accessing the transition state barrier. The maximum destabilization of the TL-TLR tertiary interaction is observed for arginine, which is consistent with early studies of arginine and guanidine ion-inhibited self-splicing kinetics for the full Tetrahymena ribozyme C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE 1266416, PHY 1125844]; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE 1266416 and PHY 1125844) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 20 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 41 BP 10615 EP 10627 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05840 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DZ8FY UT WOS:000386107500001 ER PT J AU Wang, CH Taylor, JM AF Wang, Chiao-Hsuan Taylor, Jacob M. TI Landauer formulation of photon transport in driven systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; QUANTUM NONLINEAR OPTICS; LIGHT; MICROCAVITY; POLARITONS; SIMULATION AB Understanding the behavior of light in nonequilibrium scenarios underpins much of quantum optics and optical physics. While lasers provide a severe example of a nonequilibrium problem, recent interests in the near-equilibrium physics of so-called photon gases, such as in Bose condensation of light or in attempts to make photonic quantum simulators, suggest one re-examine some near-equilibrium cases. Here we consider how a sinusoidal parametric coupling between two semi-infinite photonic transmission lines leads to the creation and flow of photons between the two lines. Our approach provides a photonic analog to the Landauer transport formula, and using nonequilbrium Green's functions, we can extend it to the case of an interacting region between two photonic leads where the sinusoid frequency plays the role of a voltage bias. Crucially, we identify both the mathematical framework and the physical regime in which photonic transport is directly analogous to electronic transport and regimes in which other behavior such as two-mode squeezing can emerge. C1 [Wang, Chiao-Hsuan; Taylor, Jacob M.] Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Chiao-Hsuan] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Chiao-Hsuan; Taylor, Jacob M.] Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, Jacob M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Taylor, JM (reprint author), Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Taylor, JM (reprint author), Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Taylor, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jacob.taylor@nist.gov FU NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-1430094]; Princeton Center for Complex Materials; NSF [DMR-1420541] FX Funding is provided by NSF Physics Frontier Center Grant No. PHY-1430094 at the JQI, and from the Princeton Center for Complex Materials, a MRSEC supported by NSF Grant No. DMR-1420541. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 20 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 15 AR 155437 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.155437 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DZ8DO UT WOS:000386099300008 ER PT J AU Balram, KC Westly, DA Davanco, M Grutter, KE Li, Q Michels, T Ray, CH Yu, LY Kasica, RJ Wallin, CB Gilbert, IJ Bryce, BA Simelgor, G Topolancik, J Lobontiu, N Liu, YX Neuzil, P Svatos, V Dill, KA Bertrand, NA Metzler, MG Lopez, G Czaplewski, DA Ocola, L Srinivasan, KA Stavis, SM Aksyuk, VA Liddle, JA Krylov, S Ilic, BR AF Balram, Krishna C. Westly, Daron A. Davanco, Marcelo Grutter, Karen E. Li, Qing Michels, Thomas Ray, Christopher H. Yu, Liya Kasica, Richard J. Wallin, Christopher B. Gilbert, Ian J. Bryce, Brian A. Simelgor, Gregory Topolancik, Juraj Lobontiu, Nicolae Liu, Yuxiang Neuzil, Pavel Svatos, Vojtech Dill, Kristen A. Bertrand, Neal A. Metzler, Meredith G. Lopez, Gerald Czaplewski, David A. Ocola, Leonidas Srinivasan, Kartik A. Stavis, Samuel M. Aksyuk, Vladimir A. Liddle, J. Alexander Krylov, Slava Ilic, B. Robert TI The Nanolithography Toolbox SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CAD; lithography; nanofabrication; nanofluidic; nanophotonic; nanoplasmonic; nanoscale curved features; nanoscale design; nanoscale devices ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; HYDROGEN SILSESQUIOXANE; FABRICATION; DEVICE; MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; RESIST; LINES AB This article introduces in archival form the Nanolithography Toolbox, a platform-independent software package for scripted lithography pattern layout generation. The Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) developed the Nanolithography Toolbox to help users of the CNST NanoFab design devices with complex curves and aggressive critical dimensions. Using parameterized shapes as building blocks, the Nanolithography Toolbox allows users to rapidly design and layout nanoscale devices of arbitrary complexity through scripting and programming. The Toolbox offers many parameterized shapes, including structure libraries for micro-and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) and nanophotonic devices. Furthermore, the Toolbox allows users to precisely define the number of vertices for each shape or create vectorized shapes using Bezier curves. Parameterized control allows users to design smooth curves with complex shapes. The Toolbox is applicable to a broad range of design tasks in the fabrication of microscale and nanoscale devices. C1 [Balram, Krishna C.; Westly, Daron A.; Davanco, Marcelo; Grutter, Karen E.; Li, Qing; Michels, Thomas; Ray, Christopher H.; Yu, Liya; Kasica, Richard J.; Wallin, Christopher B.; Gilbert, Ian J.; Dill, Kristen A.; Bertrand, Neal A.; Srinivasan, Kartik A.; Stavis, Samuel M.; Aksyuk, Vladimir A.; Liddle, J. Alexander; Ilic, B. Robert] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balram, Krishna C.; Li, Qing; Wallin, Christopher B.; Gilbert, Ian J.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Bryce, Brian A.] Harvey Mudd Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Simelgor, Gregory] Edico Genome, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Topolancik, Juraj] Roche Sequencing Solut, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. [Lobontiu, Nicolae] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Mech Engn, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Liu, Yuxiang] Worcester Polytech Inst, Mech Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Neuzil, Pavel; Svatos, Vojtech] BUT, Cent European Inst Technol CEITEC, Tech 3058 10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic. [Neuzil, Pavel] Northwestern Polytech Univ, Dept Microsyst, Xian, Peoples R China. [Metzler, Meredith G.; Lopez, Gerald] Univ Penn, Quattrone Nanofabricat Facil, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Czaplewski, David A.; Ocola, Leonidas] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Krylov, Slava] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Balram, KC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Balram, KC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM krishna.coimbatorebalram@nist.gov; daron.westly@nist.gov; marcelo.davanco@nist.gov; karen.grutter.ctr@mail.mil; qing.li@nist.gov; thomas.michels@nist.gov; christopher.ray@nist.gov; liya.yu@nist.gov; richard.kasica@nist.gov; christopher.wallin@nist.gov; ian.gilbert@nist.gov; babryce@gmail.com; gregory.simelgor@edicogenome.com; juraj.topolancik@roche.com; nlobontiu@uaa.alaska.edu; yliu11@WPI.EDU; pavel.neuzil@gmail.com; vojtechsv3@gmail.com; kristen.dill@nist.gov; neal.bertrand@nist.gov; metzlerm@seas.upenn.edu; lopezg@seas.upenn.edu; dczaplewski@anl.gov; ocola@anl.gov; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov; samuel.stavis@nist.gov; vladimir.aksyuk@nist.gov; liddle@nist.gov; vadis@eng.tau.ac.il; robert.ilic@nist.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Neuzil, Pavel/B-9981-2012 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70ANB10H193] FX K.C.B., K.G., Q.L., C.B.W. and I.J.G. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award number 70ANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 10 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD OCT 19 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 464 EP 475 DI 10.6028/jres.121.024 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EA5DM UT WOS:000386639600001 ER PT J AU Agah, S Zheng, M Pasquali, M Kolomeisky, AB AF Agah, Shaghayegh Zheng, Ming Pasquali, Matteo Kolomeisky, Anatoly B. TI DNA sequencing by nanopores: advances and challenges SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE DNA sequencing; translocation; biological nanopores; artificial nanopores; carbon nanotubes; fluorescence ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; SOLID-STATE NANOPORES; TRANSVERSE ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; GRAPHENE NANOPORES; PROTEIN NANOPORE; MOLECULAR ADAPTER; OPTICAL-DETECTION; ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; STRANDED-DNA AB Developing inexpensive and simple DNA sequencing methods capable of detecting entire genomes in short periods of time could revolutionize the world of medicine and technology. It will also lead to major advances in our understanding of fundamental biological processes. It has been shown that nanopores have the ability of single-molecule sensing of various biological molecules rapidly and at a low cost. This has stimulated significant experimental efforts in developing DNA sequencing techniques by utilizing biological and artificial nanopores. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the nanopore sequencing field with a focus on the nature of nanopores and on sensing mechanisms during the translocation. Current challenges and alternative methods are also discussed. C1 [Agah, Shaghayegh; Pasquali, Matteo; Kolomeisky, Anatoly B.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Zheng, Ming] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pasquali, Matteo; Kolomeisky, Anatoly B.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Pasquali, Matteo] Rice Univ, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & NanoEngn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Kolomeisky, Anatoly B.] Rice Univ, Ctr Theoret Biol Phys, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Kolomeisky, AB (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA.; Kolomeisky, AB (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA.; Kolomeisky, AB (reprint author), Rice Univ, Ctr Theoret Biol Phys, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM tolya@rice.edu RI Pasquali, Matteo/A-2489-2008 OI Pasquali, Matteo/0000-0001-5951-395X FU Welch Foundation [C-1559, C-1668]; National Science Foundation [CHE-1360979] FX This study was supported by the Welch Foundation (Grant C-1559 to ABK and Grant C-1668 to MP), and from the National Science Foundation (Grant CHE-1360979 to ABK). NR 105 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 72 U2 72 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD OCT 19 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 41 AR 413001 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/49/41/413001 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DY8LZ UT WOS:000385383000001 ER PT J AU Eilerman, SJ Peischl, J Neuman, JA Ryerson, TB Aikin, KC Holloway, MW Zondlo, MA Golston, LM Pan, D Floerchinger, C Herndon, S AF Eilerman, Scott J. Peischl, Jeff Neuman, J. Andrew Ryerson, Thomas B. Aikin, Kenneth C. Holloway, Maxwell W. Zondlo, Mark A. Golston, Levi M. Pan, Da Floerchinger, Cody Herndon, Scott TI Characterization of Ammonia, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations in Northeastern Colorado SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; CATTLE FEEDLOT; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; UNITED-STATES; NITRIC-ACID; PARTICULATE MATTER; REDUCED NITROGEN; DAIRY PRODUCTION; SOUTHERN IDAHO AB Atmospheric emissions from animal husbandry are important to both air quality and climate, but are hard to characterize and quantify as they differ significantly due to management practices and livestock type, and they can vary substantially throughout diurnal and seasonal cycles. Using a new mobile laboratory, ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and other trace gas emissions were measured from four concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) in northeastern Colorado. Two dairies, a beef cattle feedlot, and a sheep feedlot were chosen for repeated diurnal and seasonal measurements. A consistent diurnal pattern in the NH3 to CH4 enhancement ratio is clearly observed, with midday enhancement ratios approximately four times greater than nighttime values. This diurnal pattern is similar, with slight variations in magnitude, at the four CAFOs and across seasons. The average NH3 to CH4 enhancement ratio from all seasons and CAFOs studied is 0.17 (+0.13/0.08) mol/mol, in agreement with statewide inventory averages and previous literature. Enhancement ratios for NH3 to N2O and N2O to CH4 are also reported. The enhancement ratios can be used as a source signature to distinguish feedlot emissions from other NH3 and CH4 sources, such as fertilizer application and fossil fuel development, and the large diurnal variability is important for refining inventories, models, and emission estimates. C1 [Eilerman, Scott J.; Peischl, Jeff; Neuman, J. Andrew; Aikin, Kenneth C.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Eilerman, Scott J.; Peischl, Jeff; Neuman, J. Andrew; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Aikin, Kenneth C.; Holloway, Maxwell W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Holloway, Maxwell W.] Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Zondlo, Mark A.; Golston, Levi M.; Pan, Da] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E209A Olden St, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Floerchinger, Cody; Herndon, Scott] Aerodyne Res Inc, 45 Manning Rd, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Floerchinger, Cody] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Eilerman, SJ; Neuman, JA (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Eilerman, SJ; Neuman, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM scott.eilerman@noaa.gov; jonathan.a.neuman@noaa.gov RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Zondlo, Mark/R-6173-2016; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Zondlo, Mark/0000-0003-2302-9554; FU NOAA's Climate Program Office FX The authors wish to thank Anne Perring, Ellis Robinson, Chelsea Thompson, Owen Roberts, and Lei Tao for their participation in the collection of field data. This work was supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office, and M.A.Z. gratefully acknowledges NASA NNX14AT36G and NNX-14AT32G for analyses and NASA DISCOVER-AQ for field support. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 27 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 18 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 20 BP 10885 EP 10893 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b02851 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ5MW UT WOS:000385907200014 ER PT J AU De Silva, AO Spencer, C Ho, KCD Al Tarhuni, M Go, C Houde, M de Solla, SR Lavoie, RA King, LE Muir, DCG Fair, PA Wells, RS Bossart, GD AF De Silva, Amila O. Spencer, Christine Ho, Ki Chung D. Al Tarhuni, Mohammed Go, Christopher Houde, Magali de Solla, Shane R. Lavoie, Raphael A. King, Laura E. Muir, Derek C. G. Fair, Patricia A. Wells, Randall S. Bossart, Gregory D. TI Perfluoroalkylphosphinic Acids in Northern Pike (Esox lucius), Double-Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), and Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Relation to Other Perfluoroalkyl Acids SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFLUORINATED PHOSPHONIC-ACIDS; EXTRACTABLE ORGANIC FLUORINE; ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; 2 GERMAN CITIES; FOOD-WEB; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; WASTE-WATER; POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; PHOSPHINIC ACIDS AB Perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids (PFPIAs) are perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) that are used for their surfactant properties in a variety of applications, resulting in their presence in environmental waters; however, they have not been widely studied in biota. A survey of PFPIAs was conducted in fish, dolphins, and birds from various locations in North America. Northern pike (Esox lucius) were collected at two locations in 2011 near Montreal Island in the St. Lawrence River, Canada, double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) were collected from bird colonies in the Great Lakes in 2010-2012, and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from Sarasota Bay, FL and Charleston Harbor, SC were sampled in 2004-2009. PFPIAs had a detection frequency of 100% in all animals. This is the first report of PFPIAs in fish, dolphin, and bird plasma. Total PFPIA levels (mean +/- standard deviation, 1.87 +/- 2.17 ng/g wet weight (ww), range of 0.112-15.3 ng/g ww) were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than those of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCA) and perfluoroalkanesulfonates (PFSA) in the same samples. The predominant congeners were 6:8 PFPIA (cormorants and pike) and 6:6 PFPIA (dolphins). Total PFPIAs in cormorants from Hamilton Harbour (5.02 +/- 2.80 ng/g ww) were statistically higher than in other areas and taxonomic groups. The ubiquity of PFPIAs warrants further research on sources and effects of these unique compounds. C1 [De Silva, Amila O.; Spencer, Christine; Ho, Ki Chung D.; Al Tarhuni, Mohammed; Go, Christopher; de Solla, Shane R.; King, Laura E.; Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada. [Houde, Magali] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ctr St Laurent, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E7, Canada. [Lavoie, Raphael A.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, NOS, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29142 USA. [Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota Dolphin Res Program, Chicago Zool Soc, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Wells, Randall S.; Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker St, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Go, Christopher] Univ Toronto, Dept Mol Genet, 100 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. RP De Silva, AO (reprint author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada. EM amila.desilva@canada.ca FU Environment and Climate Change Canada's Chemicals Management Plan; NOAA; Florida Protect Wild Dolphins license plate FX This research was funded by Environment and Climate Change Canada's Chemicals Management Plan. We thank Melanie Douville and Simon-Pierre Despatie for help with fish capture. Samples from SA dolphins were collected through the support of Dolphin Quest, Inc. and through efforts of numerous staff, students, and volunteers associated with the Sarasota Dolphin Research Program. Collection of the CH dolphin samples was from the Dolphin Health and Risk Assessment study supported by NOAA and the Florida Protect Wild Dolphins license plate, with assistance from many collaborators. We thank Aaron Fisk for the stable isotope data on the CH dolphin samples. Prof. Cora Young (Memorial University) is acknowledged for her critical comments. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 18 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 20 BP 10903 EP 10913 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b03515 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ5MW UT WOS:000385907200016 PM 27677975 ER PT J AU Pettibone, JM Liu, JY AF Pettibone, John M. Liu, Jingyu TI In Situ Methods for Monitoring Silver Nanoparticle Sulfidation in Simulated Waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; ION RELEASE KINETICS; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; METALLIC NANOPARTICLES; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; NATURAL ANTIDOTE; FULVIC-ACIDS AB To probe the transformation pathways of metallic nanomaterials, measurement tools capable of detecting and characterizing the broad distribution of products with limited perturbation are required. Here, we demonstrate the detection of transformation products resulting from 40 kDa PVP-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) reacted in aerated, sulfide-containing water and EPA moderately hard reconstituted water standard. Using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, silver mass preservation in primary AgNP populations during sulfidation was observed under all reaction conditions examined. Disparate sensitivities of Ag+ and AgNPs to different media were observed, limiting confidence in the measured dissolved fraction. Examination with hyphenated asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) methods supported similar mass preservation. Using flow-cell FTIR measurements, we provide direct evidence for the preservation of PVP-coatings in the presence of Na2S and fulvic acid, which we attributed to the observed, unprecedented Ag preservation. Using A4F and X-ray scattering, sub 10 nm AgNP populations, which have gone nearly unstudied in environmental systems, were detected and characterized in all the pristine and transformed product distributions examined. Furthermore, by distinguishing Ag+ from individual AgNPs, quantification of each population becomes tractable, which is a critical measurement need for toxicity testing and predicting NP fate in engineered and natural systems. C1 [Pettibone, John M.; Liu, Jingyu] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pettibone, JM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.pettibone@nist.gov FU DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank Andrew Allen and Fan Zhang of NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, for SAXS and WAXS measurements. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 37 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 18 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 20 BP 11145 EP 11153 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b03023 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ5MW UT WOS:000385907200043 ER PT J AU Ahrend, F Glebe, U Arnadottir, L Baio, JE Fischer, DA Jaye, C Leung, BO Hitchcock, AP Weidner, T Siemeling, U Ehresmann, A AF Ahrend, Florian Glebe, Ulrich Arnadottir, Liney Baio, Joe E. Fischer, Daniel A. Jaye, Cherno Leung, Bonnie O. Hitchcock, Adam P. Weidner, Tobias Siemeling, Ulrich Ehresmann, Arno TI Magnetic Field Landscapes Guiding the Chemisorption of Diamagnetic Molecules SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXCHANGE BIAS; THIN-FILMS; TOF-SIMS; SURFACES; MICROSCOPY; BOMBARDMENT; MONOLAYERS; CHEMISTRY; LAYERS AB It is shown that, the self-assembly of diamagnetic molecule submonolayers on a surface can be influenced by magnetic stray field landscapes emerging from artificially fabricated magnetic domains and domain walls. The directed local chemisorption of diamagnetic subphthalocyanioatoboron molecules in relation to the artificially created domain pattern is proved by a combination of surface analytical methods: ToF-SIMS, X-PEEM, and NEXAFS imaging. Thereby, a new method to influence self-assembly processes and to produce patterned submonolayers is presented. C1 [Ahrend, Florian; Ehresmann, Arno] Univ Kassel, Inst Phys, Heinrich Plett Str 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany. [Glebe, Ulrich; Siemeling, Ulrich] Univ Kassel, Inst Chem, Heinrich Plett Str 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany. [Ahrend, Florian; Glebe, Ulrich; Siemeling, Ulrich; Ehresmann, Arno] Univ Kassel, Ctr Interdisciplinary Nanostruct Sci & Technol CI, Heinrich Plett Str 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany. [Arnadottir, Liney; Baio, Joe E.; Weidner, Tobias] Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems NESA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Arnadottir, Liney; Baio, Joe E.; Weidner, Tobias] Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems NESA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Arnadottir, Liney; Baio, Joe E.; Weidner, Tobias] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.; Jaye, Cherno] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leung, Bonnie O.] Alberta Environm & Sustainable Resource Dev, Edmonton, AB T5K 2J6, Canada. [Hitchcock, Adam P.] McMaster Univ, BIMR, Chem & Chem Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Glebe, Ulrich] Fraunhofer Inst Angew Polymerforsch, Geiselbergstr 69, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Weidner, Tobias] Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Arnadottir, Liney; Baio, Joe E.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Chem Biol & Environm Engn, 1500 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Leung, Bonnie O.] Univ British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Ehresmann, A (reprint author), Univ Kassel, Inst Phys, Heinrich Plett Str 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany.; Siemeling, U (reprint author), Univ Kassel, Inst Chem, Heinrich Plett Str 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany.; Siemeling, U; Ehresmann, A (reprint author), Univ Kassel, Ctr Interdisciplinary Nanostruct Sci & Technol CI, Heinrich Plett Str 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany. EM siemeling@uni-kassel.de; ehresmann@physik.uni-kassel.de RI Ehresmann, Arno/E-6853-2010 OI Ehresmann, Arno/0000-0002-0981-2289 FU Fonds der Chemischen Industrie; National Science Foundation (NSF) [1202620]; Office of Science, Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science and Division of Chemical Sciences FX U.G. thanks the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie for a doctoral fellowship. We thank David G. Castner for support of this work and Lara J. Gamble for collaboration. J.E.B. thanks the National Science Foundation for a research fellowship (NSF grant #1202620). L.A. thanks IonToF for generously donating a software license to enable the ToF-SIMS analysis. We thank Andreas Scholl and Andrew Doran for assistance with the X-PEEM measurements. Data were acquired using PEEM-2 at ALS beamline 7.3.1, which is supported by the Director of the Office of Science, Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. T.W., J.E.B., C.J., and D.A.F. acknowledge support for NEXAFS imaging experiments by the NSLS, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science and Division of Chemical Sciences. This work is also a part of the research program of the Max-Planck Society. Certain commercial names are used in this paper as examples and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 18 PY 2016 VL 32 IS 41 BP 10491 EP 10496 DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02208 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DZ5ND UT WOS:000385907900006 ER PT J AU Kumar, P Sendelbach, S Beck, MA Freeland, JW Wang, Z Wang, H Yu, CC Wu, RQ Pappas, DP McDermott, R AF Kumar, P. Sendelbach, S. Beck, M. A. Freeland, J. W. Wang, Zhe Wang, Hui Yu, Clare C. Wu, R. Q. Pappas, D. P. McDermott, R. TI Origin and Reduction of 1/f Magnetic Flux Noise in Superconducting Devices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; SURFACES AB Magnetic flux noise is a dominant source of dephasing and energy relaxation in superconducting qubits. The noise power spectral density varies with frequency as 1/f(alpha), with alpha <= 1, and spans 13 orders of magnitude. Recent work indicates that the noise is from unpaired magnetic defects on the surfaces of the superconducting devices. Here, we demonstrate that adsorbed molecular O-2 is the dominant contributor to magnetism in superconducting thin films. We show that this magnetism can be reduced by appropriate surface treatment or improvement in the sample vacuum environment. We observe a suppression of static spin susceptibility by more than an order of magnitude and a suppression of 1/f magnetic flux noise power spectral density of up to a factor of 5. These advances open the door to the realization of superconducting qubits with improved quantum coherence. C1 [Kumar, P.; Sendelbach, S.; Beck, M. A.; McDermott, R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Freeland, J. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wang, Zhe; Wang, Hui; Yu, Clare C.; Wu, R. Q.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. [Wang, Zhe; Wang, Hui] Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Wang, Zhe; Wang, Hui] Fudan Univ, Key Lab Computat Phys Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Pappas, D. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sendelbach, S.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Linthicum, MD 21203 USA. RP McDermott, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rfmcdermott@wisc.edu FU U.S. Government [W911NF-09-1-0375, W911NF-10-1-0494]; DOE-BES [DE-FG02-05ER46237]; NERSC; CNSF [11474056]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DEAC02-06CH11357]; LPS; ARO; DARPA FX We thank M. Aiello, A. Puglielli, and T. Klaus for technical assistance and we acknowledge useful discussions with J. L. DuBois, L. Faoro, L. B. Ioffe, V. Lordi, and J. M. Martinis. This work is supported in part by the U.S. Government under Grants No. W911NF-09-1-0375 and No. W911NF-10-1-0494 and by a gift from Google, Inc. DFT calculations at UCI (H. W. and R. Q. W.) are supported by DOE-BES (Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER46237) and NERSC. Work at Fudan (Z. W. and R. Q. W.) is supported by the CNSF (Grant No. 11474056). Work at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under Grant No. DEAC02-06CH11357. NIST acknowledges support from the LPS, ARO, and DARPA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD OCT 18 PY 2016 VL 6 IS 4 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EA1ZB UT WOS:000386389700001 ER PT J AU Zhang, BL Lindzen, RS Tallapragada, V Weng, FZ Liu, QF Sippel, JA Ma, ZZ Bender, MA AF Zhang, Banglin Lindzen, Richard S. Tallapragada, Vijay Weng, Fuzhong Liu, Qingfu Sippel, Jason A. Ma, Zaizhong Bender, Morris A. TI Increasing vertical resolution in US models to improve track forecasts of Hurricane Joaquin with HWRF as an example SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE vertical resolution; model development; hurricane forecast; HWRF ID ECMWF AB The atmosphere-ocean coupled Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast model (HWRF) developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is used as an example to illustrate the impact of model vertical resolution on track forecasts of tropical cyclones. A number of HWRF forecasting experiments were carried out at different vertical resolutions for Hurricane Joaquin, which occurred from September 27 to October 8, 2015, in the Atlantic Basin. The results show that the track prediction for Hurricane Joaquin is much more accurate with higher vertical resolution. The positive impacts of higher vertical resolution on hurricane track forecasts suggest that National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/NCEP should upgrade both HWRF and the Global Forecast System to have more vertical levels. C1 [Zhang, Banglin; Tallapragada, Vijay; Liu, Qingfu; Sippel, Jason A.; Ma, Zaizhong] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhang, Banglin; Sippel, Jason A.; Ma, Zaizhong] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lindzen, Richard S.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Bender, Morris A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Zhang, BL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Zhang, BL (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Lindzen, RS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM banglin.zhang@noaa.gov; rlindzen@mit.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU University of Maryland; NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP) project; Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-Series (GOES-R) Risk Reduction Project; Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Proving Ground and Risk Reduction program FX B.Z. thanks Prof. R. T. Pinker from the University of Maryland for her support and early review of this manuscript. The authors thank Prof. C. Mass of University of Washington and Dr. M. S. Fox-Rabinovitz of University of Maryland for their reviews and insightful comments and suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript. We thank the HWRF team for making this study possible [partially supported by the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP) project]. Financial support from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-Series (GOES-R) Risk Reduction Project and Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Proving Ground and Risk Reduction program is greatly appreciated. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 18 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 42 BP 11765 EP 11769 DI 10.1073/pnas.1613800113 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ1PN UT WOS:000385610400054 PM 27698121 ER PT J AU Metcalf, AJ Kim, HJ Leaird, DE Jaramillo-Villegas, JA Mckinzie, KA Lal, V Hosseini, A Hoefler, GE Kish, F Weiner, AM AF Metcalf, Andrew J. Kim, Hyoung-Jun Leaird, Daniel E. Jaramillo-Villegas, Jose A. Mckinzie, Keith A. Lal, Vikrant Hosseini, Amir Hoefler, Gloria E. Kish, Fred Weiner, Andrew M. TI Integrated line-by-line optical pulse shaper for high-fidelity and rapidly reconfigurable RF-filtering SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FORM GENERATION; MICRORESONATOR FREQUENCY COMBS; MICROWAVE PHOTONIC FILTERS; CIRCUITS; TUTORIAL; CHIP AB We present a 32 channel indium phosphide integrated pulse shaper with 25 GHz channel spacing, where each channel is equipped with a semiconductor optical amplifier allowing for programmable line-by-line gain control with submicrosecond reconfigurability. We critically test the integrated pulse shaper by using it in comb-based RF-photonic filtering experiments where the precise gain control is leveraged to synthesize high-fidelity RF filters which we reconfigure on a microsecond time scale. Our on-chip pulse shaping demonstration is unmatched in its combination of speed, fidelity, and flexibility, and will likely open new avenues in the field of advanced broadband signal generation and processing. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Metcalf, Andrew J.; Kim, Hyoung-Jun; Leaird, Daniel E.; Jaramillo-Villegas, Jose A.; Mckinzie, Keith A.; Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 465 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Metcalf, Andrew J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Jaramillo-Villegas, Jose A.] Univ Tecnol Pereira, Fac Ingn, Pereira 660003, Risaralda, Colombia. [Lal, Vikrant; Hosseini, Amir; Hoefler, Gloria E.; Kish, Fred] Infinera Corp, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. RP Weiner, AM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 465 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM amw@purdue.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) from AMRDEC [W31P40-13-1-0018]; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2014R1A6A3A03059647] FX Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (W31P40-13-1-0018) from AMRDEC. HJK received funding from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2014R1A6A3A03059647) NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 17 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 21 BP 23925 EP 23940 DI 10.1364/OE.24.023925 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA EC8NR UT WOS:000388399100028 PM 27828227 ER PT J AU Gilbert, I Chavez, AC Pierce, DT Unguris, J Sun, WY Liang, CY Carman, GP AF Gilbert, Ian Chavez, Andres C. Pierce, Daniel T. Unguris, John Sun, Wei-Yang Liang, Cheng-Yen Carman, Gregory P. TI Magnetic microscopy and simulation of strain-mediated control of magnetization in PMN-PT/Ni nanostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SPIN; HETEROSTRUCTURES; FERROMAGNETISM; FIELD AB Strain-mediated thin film multiferroics comprising piezoelectric/ferromagnetic heterostructures enable the electrical manipulation of magnetization with much greater efficiency than other methods; however, the investigation of nanostructures fabricated from these materials is limited. Here we characterize ferromagnetic Ni nanostructures grown on a ferroelectric [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3](0.68)[PbTiO3](0.32) substrate using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA) and micromagnetic simulations. The magnetization of the Ni nanostructures can be controlled with a combination of sample geometry and applied electric field, which strains the ferroelectric substrate and changes the magnetization via magnetoelastic coupling. We evaluate two types of simulations of ferromagnetic nanostructures on strained ferroelectric substrates: conventional micromagnetic simulations including a simple uniaxial strain, and coupled micromagnetic-elastodynamic simulations. Both simulations qualitatively capture the response of the magnetization changes produced by the applied strain, with the coupled solution providing more accurate representation. C1 [Gilbert, Ian; Pierce, Daniel T.; Unguris, John] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chavez, Andres C.; Sun, Wei-Yang; Liang, Cheng-Yen; Carman, Gregory P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Gilbert, I (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [R13.0004.04]; National Research Council's Research Associateship Program; FAME; MARCO; DARPA FX This project was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology under project number R13.0004.04. I.G. acknowledges support from the National Research Council's Research Associateship Program. Work at UCLA was supported in part by FAME, one of six centers of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program sponsored by MARCO and DARPA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 18 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 17 PY 2016 VL 109 IS 16 AR 162404 DI 10.1063/1.4965028 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EA9AT UT WOS:000386933200025 ER PT J AU Hawco, NJ Ohnemus, DC Resing, JA Twining, BS Saito, MA AF Hawco, Nicholas J. Ohnemus, Daniel C. Resing, Joseph A. Twining, Benjamin S. Saito, Mak A. TI A dissolved cobalt plume in the oxygen minimum zone of the eastern tropical South Pacific SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ORGANIC-LIGANDS; WESTERN ATLANTIC-OCEAN; RICA UPWELLING DOME; TRACE-METALS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; NORTH PACIFIC; WATER-COLUMN; SEDIMENTS AB Cobalt is a nutrient to phytoplankton, but knowledge about its biogeochemical cycling is limited, especially in the Pacific Ocean. Here, we report sections of dissolved cobalt and labile dissolved cobalt from the US GEOTRACES GP16 transect in the South Pacific. The cobalt distribution is closely tied to the extent and intensity of the oxygen minimum zone in the eastern South Pacific with highest concentrations measured at the oxycline near the Peru margin. Below 200 m, remineralization and circulation produce an inverse relationship between cobalt and dissolved oxygen that extends throughout the basin. Within the oxygen minimum zone, elevated concentrations of labile cobalt are generated by input from coastal sources and reduced scavenging at low O-2. As these high cobalt waters are upwelled and advected offshore, phytoplankton export returns cobalt to low-oxygen water masses underneath. West of the Peru upwelling region, dissolved cobalt is less than 10pM in the euphotic zone and strongly bound by organic ligands. Because the cobalt nutricline within the South Pacific gyre is deeper than in oligotrophic regions in the North and South Atlantic, cobalt involved in sustaining phytoplankton productivity in the gyre is heavily recycled and ultimately arrives from lateral transport of upwelled waters from the eastern margin. In contrast to large coastal inputs, atmospheric deposition and hydrothermal vents along the East Pacific Rise appear to be minor sources of cobalt. Overall, these results demonstrate that oxygen biogeochemistry exerts a strong influence on cobalt cycling. C1 [Hawco, Nicholas J.] MIT WHOI Joint Program Oceanog Appl Ocean Sci & E, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Hawco, Nicholas J.; Saito, Mak A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ohnemus, Daniel C.; Twining, Benjamin S.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. [Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Resing, Joseph A.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. RP Saito, MA (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM msaito@whoi.edu OI Ohnemus, Daniel/0000-0001-6362-4134 FU NSF [OCE-1233733, OCE-1232814, OCE-1237011] FX We thank the captain and crew of the RV Thomas G. Thompson and the entirety of the science party aboard the GP16 cruise, especially chief scientists Jim Moffett and Chris German. We also thank Claire Parker and Cheryl Zurbrick for enormous efforts in sample collection, Greg Cutter and Geo Smith for operating the trace metal rosette and towfish, respectively, and Sara Rauschenberg and Rob Sherrell for particle sampling. The Oceanographic Data Facility (ODF) provided nutrient, oxygen, and salinity data, and the Bidigare Lab (UH) provided HPLC-pigment analyses. The technical and logistical expertise of Dawn Moran and Matt McIlvin is unparalleled. We appreciate the efforts of the GEOTRACES office in coordinating the GP16 expedition and thank Luca Pini and Mike Kubicsko of Metrohm Autolab for assistance with voltammetry. This is PMEL publication no. 4475 and JISAO publication 2648. This work was funded by NSF awards OCE-1233733 to MAS, OCE-1232814 to BST, and OCE-1237011 to JAR. NR 90 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PD OCT 17 PY 2016 VL 13 IS 20 BP 5697 EP 5717 DI 10.5194/bg-13-5697-2016 PG 21 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DY8EL UT WOS:000385361500001 ER PT J AU Howgego, J Pitman, R AF Howgego, Joshua Pitman, Robert TI Tracking the ocean's avengers SO NEW SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pitman, Robert] NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Pitman, R (reprint author), NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION LTD PI SUTTON PA QUADRANT HOUSE THE QUADRANT, SUTTON SM2 5AS, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0262-4079 J9 NEW SCI JI New Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 232 IS 3095 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ2TG UT WOS:000385693900019 ER PT J AU Baliarsingh, SK Lotliker, AA Trainer, VL Wells, ML Parida, C Sahu, BK Srichandan, S Sahoo, S Sahu, KC Kumar, TS AF Baliarsingh, S. K. Lotliker, Aneesh A. Trainer, Vera L. Wells, Mark L. Parida, Chandanlal Sahu, Biraja K. Srichandan, Suchismita Sahoo, Subhashree Sahu, K. C. Kumar, T. Sinivasa TI Environmental dynamics of red Noctiluca scintillans bloom in tropical coastal waters SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Noctiluca scintillans; bloom; chlorophyll; picoplankton; nutrient; Bay of Bengal ID SOUTH-WEST COAST; ARABIAN SEA; NORTHWESTERN BAY; CHLOROPHYLL-A; ALGAL BLOOMS; PORT-BLAIR; FOOD-WEB; TIDE; BENGAL; INDIA AB An intense bloom of red Noctiluca scintillans (NS) occurred off the Rushikulya estuarine region along the east coast of India, an important site for mass nesting events of the vulnerable Olive Ridley sea turtle. At its peak, densities of NS were 3.3 x 10(5) cells-l(-1), with low relative abundance of other phytoplankton. The peak bloom coincided with high abundance of gelatinous planktivores which may have facilitated bloom development by their grazing on other zooplankton, particularly copepods. Ammonium concentrations increased by approximately 4-fold in the later stages of bloom, coincident with stable NS abundance and chlorophyll concentrations in the nano- and microplankton. This increase likely was attributable to release of intracellular ammonium accumulated through NS grazing. Dissolved oxygen concentrations decreased in sub-surface waters to near hypoxia. Micro-phytoplankton increasingly dominated chlorophyll-a biomass as the bloom declined, with diminishing picoplankton abundance likely the result of high predation by the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum. Together, these data illustrate factors that can disrupt ecosystem balance in this critically important Indian coastal region. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baliarsingh, S. K.; Lotliker, Aneesh A.; Kumar, T. Sinivasa] INCOIS, Hyderabad 500090, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Wells, Mark L.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Parida, Chandanlal; Sahu, Biraja K.; Srichandan, Suchismita; Sahoo, Subhashree; Sahu, K. C.] Berhampur Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Odisha 760007, India. [Srichandan, Suchismita] Chilika Dev Author, Wetland Res & Training Ctr, Balugaon 752030, Odisha, India. RP Lotliker, AA (reprint author), INCOIS, Hyderabad 500090, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM aneesh@incois.gov.in FU Indian National Centre for Ocean information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad, under SATellite Coastal and Oceanographic REsearch (SATCORE) programme FX This work was supported by Indian National Centre for Ocean information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad, under SATellite Coastal and Oceanographic REsearch (SATCORE) programme. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 111 IS 1-2 BP 277 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.103 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DY1KO UT WOS:000384854100040 PM 27449626 ER PT J AU Stout, SA Payne, JR Ricker, RW Baker, G Lewis, C AF Stout, Scott A. Payne, James R. Ricker, Robert W. Baker, Gregory Lewis, Christopher TI Macondo oil in deep-sea sediments: Part 2-Distribution and distinction from background and natural oil seeps SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Deepwater Horizon; Biomarkers; PAH; Weathering; Flocculent; Chemical fingerprinting ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WATER-HORIZON; SPILL; BIODEGRADATION; PLUME; TRACE AB Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the spilled Macondo oil was severely weathered during its transport within the deep-sea plume as discrete particles, which were subsequently deposited on the seafloor. The Macondo oil deposited in deep-sea sediments was distinguished from ambient (background) hydrocarbons and naturally-seeped and genetically-similar oils in the Mississippi Canyon region using a forensic method based upon a systematic, multi-year study of 724 deep-sea sediment cores collected in late 2010 and 2011. The method relied upon: (1) chemical fingerprinting of the distinct features of the wax-rich, severely-weathered Macondo oil; (2) hydrocarbon concentrations, considering a core's proximity to the Macondo well or to known or apparent natural oil seeps, and also vertically within a core; and (3) results from proximal cores and flocculent material from core supernatants and slurp gun filters. The results presented herein establish the geographic extent of "fingerprintable" Macondo oil recognized on the seafloor in 2010/2011. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stout, Scott A.] NewFields Environm Forens Practice LLC, 300 Ledgewood PL,Suite 305, Rockland, MA 02370 USA. [Payne, James R.] Payne Environm Consultants Inc, 1651 Linda Sue Ln, Encinitas, CA USA. [Ricker, Robert W.] NOAA, Assessment & Restorat Div, 1410 Neotomas Ave,Suite 110, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Baker, Gregory] NOAA, Assessment & Restorat Div, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Lewis, Christopher] Ind Econ Inc, 2067 Massachusetts Ave,Fourth Floor, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Stout, SA (reprint author), NewFields Environm Forens Practice LLC, 300 Ledgewood PL,Suite 305, Rockland, MA 02370 USA. EM sstout@newfields.com FU NOAA FX This study was conducted within the Deepwater Horizon NRDA investigation, which was cooperatively conducted by NOAA, other Federal and State Trustees, and BP. The scientific results and conclusion of this publication, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of NOAA or any other natural resource Trustee for the BP/Deepwater Horizon NRDA. The authors declare no competing financial interest in the publication of this study. Funding for the study was provided by NOAA as part of the NRDA process. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 111 IS 1-2 BP 381 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.041 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DY1KO UT WOS:000384854100052 PM 27509822 ER PT J AU Ostrovsky, LA Stepanyants, YA AF Ostrovsky, L. A. Stepanyants, Y. A. TI Interaction of solitons with long waves in a rotating fluid SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Dispersive Hydrodynamics - The Mathematics of Dispersive Shock Waves and Applications CY MAY 17-22, 2015 CL Banff Int Res Station, Banff, CANADA HO Banff Int Res Station DE Rotating fluid; Soliton; Radiative losses; Terminal decay; Energy balance; Numerical calculations ID INTERNAL SOLITARY WAVES; OSTROVSKY EQUATION; SYSTEMS; SURFACE; OCEAN AB Interaction of a soliton with long background waves is studied within the framework of rotation modified Korteweg-de Vries (rKdV) equation. Using the asymptotic method for solitons propagating in the field of a long background wave we derive a set of ODEs describing soliton amplitude and phase with respect to the background wave. The shape of the background wave may range from a sinusoid to the limiting profile representing a periodic sequence of parabolic arcs. We analyse energy exchange between a soliton and the long wave taking radiation losses into account. It is shown that the losses can be compensated by energy pumping from the long wave and, as the result, a stationary soliton can exist, unlike the case when there is no variable background. A more complex case when a free long wave attenuates due to the energy consumption by a soliton is also considered. Some of the analytical results are compared with the results of direct numerical calculations within the framework of the rKdV equation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ostrovsky, L. A.] NOAA, Earth Sci Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ostrovsky, L. A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stepanyants, Y. A.] Univ Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia. [Stepanyants, Y. A.] Nizhnii Novgorod State Tech Univ, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. RP Stepanyants, YA (reprint author), Univ Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia.; Stepanyants, YA (reprint author), Nizhnii Novgorod State Tech Univ, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. EM Lev.Ostrovsky@gmail.com; Yury.Stepanyants@usq.edu.au OI Stepanyants, Yury/0000-0003-4546-0310 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 EI 1872-8022 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 333 SI SI BP 266 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2016.02.008 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA DT5PF UT WOS:000381534400020 ER PT J AU Jackson, A Evers, DC Eagles-Smith, CA Ackerman, JT Willacker, JJ Elliott, JE Lepak, JM Vander Pol, SS Bryan, CE AF Jackson, Allyson Evers, David C. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Ackerman, Joshua T. Willacker, James J. Elliott, John E. Lepak, Jesse M. Vander Pol, Stacy S. Bryan, Colleen E. TI Mercury risk to avian piscivores acrosswestern United States and Canada SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bioindicator; Fish; Methylmercury; Risk assessment ID BREEDING COMMON LOONS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; PINCHI LAKE REGION; GAVIA-IMMER; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTH-AMERICA; CARSON RIVER; SPACE USE; NEW-YORK AB The widespread distribution of mercury (Hg) threatens wildlife health, particularly piscivorous birds. Western North America is a diverse region that provides critical habitat to many piscivorous bird species, and also has a well-documented history of mercury contamination from legacy mining and atmospheric deposition. The diversity of landscapes in the west limits the distribution of avian piscivore species, complicating broad comparisons across the region. Mercury risk to avian piscivores was evaluated across the western United States and Canada using a suite of avian piscivore species representing a variety of foraging strategies that together occur broadly across the region. Prey fish Hg concentrations were size-adjusted to the preferred size class of the diet for each avian piscivore (Bald Eagle = 36 cm, Osprey = 30 cm, Common and Yellow-billed Loon = 15 cm, Western and Clark's Grebe = 6 cm, and Belted Kingfisher = 5 cm) across each species breeding range. Using a combination of field and lab-based studies on Hg effect in a variety of species, wet weight blood estimates were grouped into five relative risk categories including: background (<0.5 mu g/g), low (0.5-1 mu g/g), moderate (1-2 mu g/g), high (2-3 mu g/g), and extra high >3 mu g/g). These risk categories were used to estimate potential mercury risk to avian piscivores across the west at a 1 degree-by-1 degree grid cell resolution. Avian piscivores foraging on larger-sized fish generally were at a higher relative risk to Hg. Habitats with a relatively high risk included wetland complexes (e.g., prairie pothole in Saskatchewan), river deltas (e.g., San Francisco Bay, Puget Sound, Columbia River), and arid lands ( Great Basin and central Arizona). These results indicate that more intensive avian piscivore sampling is needed across Western North America to generate a more robust assessment of exposure risk. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jackson, Allyson] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Evers, David C.] Biodivers Res Inst, 276 Canco Rd, Portland, ME 04103 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Willacker, James J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Elliott, John E.] Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm Canada Sci & Technol Branch, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Lepak, Jesse M.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Vander Pol, Stacy S.; Bryan, Colleen E.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Jackson, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM allyson.jackson@oregonstate.edu OI Willacker, James/0000-0002-6286-5224 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program; Government of Canada-Environment Canada-Clean Air Regulatory Agenda-Mercury Science Program; Region-10 US EPA Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) grant; ORD Principal Investigator Heather Golden (Ecological Exposure Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory); Regional Science Liaison Bruce Duncan FX The authors would like to thank everyone who contributed data to both the fish and bird datasets. We would like to thank Jim Wiener for his guidance throughout the Powell Center meetings and Madeline Turnquist and Kiira Siitari for their early help in organizing the fish database. Michelle Lutz and Michael Tate provided GIS support and advice. Jeffrey Tash was integral for help with maps. This work was conducted as a part of the Western North American Mercury Synthesis Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, with additional funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program. We thank the Government of Canada-Environment Canada-Clean Air Regulatory Agenda-Mercury Science Program for supporting the program and enabling the development of the Western North America project, in particular Linda Campbell, Neil Burgess, and David Depew. We are very thankful for the funding provided by the Region-10 US EPA Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) grant; and our ORD Principal Investigator Heather Golden (Ecological Exposure Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory), and Regional Science Liaison Bruce Duncan. For the marine pelagic seabird eggs, please see Supplemental Table S1 for a list of contributors to the Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP). We also thank Paul Becker, the Marine Environmental Specimen Bank staff, Austin Ahmasuk, Bureau of Indian Affairs, North Pacific Research Board, Beth Flint, Ty Benally, and Jason Omick for their continuing help and support of STAMP. Eggs were collected under MBTA permits MB025914 and MB28525A, and permits from states of AK, HI, tribal nations, Kaena Point Natural Area Reserve and Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Any mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 31 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 685 EP 696 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.197 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300070 PM 26996522 ER PT J AU Singer, MB Harrison, LR Donovan, PM Blum, JD Marvin-DiPasquale, M AF Singer, Michael Bliss Harrison, Lee R. Donovan, Patrick M. Blum, Joel D. Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark TI Hydrologic indicators of hot spots and hot moments of mercury methylation potential along river corridors SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Flood risk; Hyporheic flow; California; Yuba; Contamination; Food webs ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; SACRAMENTO RIVER; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; CHINOOK SALMON; YOLO BYPASS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; REDUCING BACTERIA; HYPORHEIC ZONE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARSON RIVER AB The biogeochemical cycling of metals and other contaminants in river-floodplain corridors is controlled by microbial activity responding to dynamic redox conditions. Riverine flooding thus has the potential to affect speciation of redox-sensitive metals such as mercury (Hg). Therefore, inundation history over a period of decades potentially holds information on past production of bioavailable Hg. We investigate this within a Northern California river system with a legacy of landscape-scale 19th century hydraulic gold mining. We combine hydraulic modeling, Hg measurements in sediment and biota, and first-order calculations of mercury transformation to assess the potential role of river floodplains in producing monomethyl mercury (MMHg), a neurotoxin which accumulates in local and migratory food webs. We identify frequently inundated floodplain areas, as well as floodplain areas inundated for long periods. We quantify the probability of MMHg production potential (MPP) associated with hydrology in each sector of the river system as a function of the spatial patterns of overbank inundation and drainage, which affect long-term redox history of contaminated sediments. Our findings identify river floodplains as periodic, temporary, yet potentially important, loci of biogeochemical transformation in which contaminants may undergo change during limited periods of the hydrologic record. We suggest that inundation is an important driver of MPP in river corridors and that the entire flow history must be analyzed retrospectively in terms of inundation magnitude and frequency in order to accurately assess biogeochemical risks, rather than merely highlighting the largest floods or low-flow periods. MMHg bioaccumulation within the aquatic food web in this system may pose a major risk to humans and waterfowl that eat migratory salmonids, which are being encouraged to come up these rivers to spawn. There is a long-term pattern of MPP under the current flow regime that is likely to be accentuated by increasingly common large floods with extended duration. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Singer, Michael Bliss] Univ St Andrews, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. [Singer, Michael Bliss; Harrison, Lee R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Harrison, Lee R.] NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Donovan, Patrick M.; Blum, Joel D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Div Water Resources, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Singer, MB (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland.; Singer, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM bliss@eri.ucsb.edu OI Harrison, Lee/0000-0002-5219-9280 FU National Science Foundation [EAR 1226741, EAR-1225630]; REG Trust FX We thank Tyler Nakamura, Ka'ai Jensen, and Manny Gabet (San Jose State University) for their assistance with field sampling of biota. We also thank Eric Buer, Allan James, Rolf Aalto, and John Higson for earlier sediment sampling effort, sediment characterization, and insights, and Michelle Arias, Jennifer Agee, Le Kieu, and Evangelos Kakouros for assistance in the laboratory and data handling. Additionally, we acknowledge comments from various reviewers and the Editor (Damia Barcelo), which enabled us to improve this paper. Finally, we acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation: EAR 1226741 (to M.B.S.) and EAR-1225630 (to J.D.B.), and from the REG Trust (to M.B.S.). NR 96 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 32 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 697 EP 711 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.005 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300071 PM 26994752 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Eagles-Smith, CA Herzog, MP Hartman, CA Peterson, SH Evers, DC Jackson, AK Elliott, JE Vander Pol, SS Bryan, CE AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Herzog, Mark P. Hartman, C. Alex Peterson, Sarah H. Evers, David C. Jackson, Allyson K. Elliott, John E. Vander Pol, Stacy S. Bryan, Colleen E. TI Avian mercury exposure and toxicological risk across western North America: A synthesis SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Birds; Mercury; Eggs; Bioaccumulation; Toxicity Benchmarks ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; BREEDING COMMON LOONS; LIVING TREE SWALLOWS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SEABIRD FEATHERS; GAVIA-IMMER; BIRD EGGS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LAYING SEQUENCE; ZEBRA FINCHES AB Methylmercury contamination of the environment is an important issue globally, and birds are useful bioindicators for mercury monitoring programs. The available data on mercury contamination of birds in western North America were synthesized. Original data from multiple databases were obtained and a literature review was conducted to obtain additional mercury concentrations. In total, 29219 original bird mercury concentrations from 225 species were compiled, and an additional 1712 mean mercury concentrations, representing 19998 individuals and 176 species, from 200 publications were obtained. To make mercury data comparable across bird tissues, published equations of tissue mercury correlations were used to convert all mercury concentrations into blood-equivalent mercury concentrations. Blood-equivalent mercury concentrations differed among species, foraging guilds, habitat types, locations, and ecoregions. Piscivores and carnivores exhibited the greatest mercury concentrations, whereas herbivores and granivores exhibited the lowest mercury concentrations. Bird mercury concentrations were greatest in ocean and salt marsh habitats and lowest in terrestrial habitats. Bird mercury concentrations were above toxicity benchmarks in many areas throughout western North America, and multiple hotspots were identified. Additionally, published toxicity benchmarks established in multiple tissueswere summarized and translated into a common blood-equivalent mercury concentration. Overall, 66% of birds sampled in western North American exceeded a blood-equivalent mercury concentration of 0.2 mu g/g wet weight (ww; above background levels), which is the lowest-observed effect level, 28% exceeded 1.0 mu g/g ww (moderate risk), 8% exceeded 3.0 mu g/g ww (high risk), and 4% exceeded 4.0 mu g/gww (severe risk). Mercury monitoring programs should sample bird tissues, such as adult blood and eggs, that are most-easily translated into tissues with well-developed toxicity benchmarks and that are directly relevant to bird reproduction. Results indicate that mercury contamination of birds is prevalent in many areas throughout western North America, and large-scale ecological attributes are important factors influencing bird mercury concentrations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Herzog, Mark P.; Hartman, C. Alex; Peterson, Sarah H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Evers, David C.] Biodivers Res Inst, 276 Canco Rd, Portland, ME 04103 USA. [Jackson, Allyson K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Elliott, John E.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Vander Pol, Stacy S.; Bryan, Colleen E.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov OI Peterson, Sarah/0000-0003-2773-3901 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area and Contaminant Biology Program FX This work was conducted as a part of the Western North American Mercury Synthesis Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey with additional support from the U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area and Contaminant Biology Program. We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Environmental Contaminants Data Management System (ECDMS) managed by staff at the Analytical Control Facility, and the hundreds of scientists which have contributed to the ECDMS and STAMP datasets. We thank Charles Henny of U.S. Geological Survey for access to osprey data. We also thank Sarah Lemelin, Laura Young, Michelle Boyles, and Branden Johnson for help with data compilation; Michelle Lutz and Michael Tate for GIS layers; and Julie Yee for statistical advice. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 127 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 24 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 749 EP 769 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.071 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300075 PM 27093907 ER PT J AU Sulman, BN Roman, DT Scanlon, TM Wang, LX Novick, KA AF Sulman, Benjamin N. Roman, D. Tyler Scanlon, Todd M. Wang, Lixin Novick, Kimberly A. TI Comparing methods for partitioning a decade of carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes in a temperate forest SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2 flux; Ecohydrology; Eddy covariance; Evapotranspiration; Flux partitioning; Water use efficiency ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; USE EFFICIENCY; ENERGY FLUXES; UNITED-STATES; GAS-EXCHANGE; SAP FLOW; CO2 AB The eddy covariance (EC) method is routinely used to measure net ecosystem fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and evapotranspiration (ET) in terrestrial ecosystems. It is often desirable to partition CO2 flux into gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (RE), and to partition ET into evaporation and transpiration. We applied multiple partitioning methods, including the recently-developed flux variance similarity (FVS) partitioning method, to a ten-year record of ET and CO2 fluxes measured using EC at Morgan Monroe State Forest, a temperate, deciduous forest located in south-central Indiana, USA. While the FVS method has previously been demonstrated in croplands and grasslands, this is the first evaluation of the method in a forest. CO2 fluxes were partitioned using nonlinear regressions, FVS, and sub-canopy EC measurements. ET was partitioned using FVS and sub-canopy EC measurements, and sub-canopy potential evapotranspiration was calculated as an additional constraint on forest floor evaporation. Leaf gas exchange measurements were used to parameterize a model of water use efficiency (WUE) necessary for the FVS method. Scaled leaf gas exchange measurements also provided additional independent estimates of GPP and transpiration. There was good agreement among partitioning methods for transpiration and GPP, which also agreed well with scaled leaf gas exchange measurements. There was higher variability among methods for RE and evaporation. The sub-canopy flux method yielded lower estimates of evaporation and RE than FVS and lower estimates of RE than the nonlinear regression method, likely due to the exclusion of flux sources within the canopy but above the top of the sub-canopy tower for the sub-canopy flux method. Based on a sensitivity test, FVS flux partitioning was moderately sensitive to errors in WUE values, and underestimates of WUE significantly reduced the rate at which the algorithm was able to produce a physically valid solution. FVS partitioning has unique potential for retroactive ET partitioning at EC sites, because it relies on the same continuous measurements as EC and does not require additional specialized equipment. FVS also has advantages for partitioning CO2 fluxes, since it does not rely on the mechanistic assumptions necessary for the commonly used nonlinear regression technique. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sulman, Benjamin N.; Roman, D. Tyler; Novick, Kimberly A.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, 702 N Walnut Grove Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Sulman, Benjamin N.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, 1001 E 3rd St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Sulman, Benjamin N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Roman, D. Tyler] Forest Serv, USDA, Northern Res Stn, 1831 Hwy 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Scanlon, Todd M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, 291 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Wang, Lixin] IUPUI, Dept Earth Sci, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Sulman, BN (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM bsulman@princeton.edu FU Indiana University Collaborative Research Grant Program; Ameriflux Management Project; US Department of Energy FX Special thanks to R.P. Phillips, E.R. Brzostek, S. Scott, D. Dragoni, H.P. Schmid, and S. Grimmond for contributions to the long data record at the site. This work was funded by the Indiana University Collaborative Research Grant Program and the Ameriflux Management Project (managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory with support from the US Department of Energy). Additional computing support was provided by the Indiana University Geography Department. Thanks to the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 21 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 226 BP 229 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.002 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS2KK UT WOS:000380598200019 ER PT J AU Schermerhorn, KM Tanner, N Kelman, Z Gardner, AF AF Schermerhorn, Kelly M. Tanner, Nathan Kelman, Zvi Gardner, Andrew F. TI High-temperature single-molecule kinetic analysis of thermophilic archaeal MCM helicases SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE PROTEIN; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; PHI-29 DNA-POLYMERASE; THERMOCOCCUS-KODAKARENSIS; HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEON; REPLICATION; REVEALS; MECHANISM; KODAKARAENSIS; PROCESSIVITY AB The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex is the replicative helicase responsible for unwinding DNA during archaeal and eukaryal genome replication. To mimic long helicase events in the cell, a high-temperature single-molecule assay was designed to quantitatively measure long-range DNA unwinding of individual DNA helicases from the archaeons Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus (Mth) and Thermococcus sp. 9A degrees N (9A degrees N). Mth encodes a single MCM homolog while 9A degrees N encodes three helicases. 9A degrees N MCM3, the proposed replicative helicase, unwinds DNA at a faster rate compared to 9A degrees N MCM2 and to Mth MCM. However, all three MCM proteins have similar processivities. The implications of these observations for DNA replication in archaea and the differences and similarities among helicases from different microorganisms are discussed. Development of the high-temperature single-molecule assay establishes a system to comprehensively study thermophilic replisomes and evolutionary links between archaeal, eukaryal, and bacterial replication systems. C1 [Schermerhorn, Kelly M.; Tanner, Nathan; Gardner, Andrew F.] New England Biolabs Inc, Ipswich, MA 01938 USA. [Kelman, Zvi] Univ Maryland, Biomol Labeling Lab, NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Kelman, Zvi] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Tanner, N; Gardner, AF (reprint author), New England Biolabs Inc, Ipswich, MA 01938 USA. EM tanner@neb.com; gardner@neb.com FU New England Biolabs, Inc. FX New England Biolabs, Inc. Funding for open access charge: New England Biolabs, Inc. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 EI 1362-4962 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD OCT 14 PY 2016 VL 44 IS 18 BP 8764 EP 8771 DI 10.1093/nar/gkw612 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA EA9ET UT WOS:000386945000024 PM 27382065 ER PT J AU Lin, C Finney, BA Laufer, AH Anglada, JM Francisco, JS AF Lin, Chen Finney, Brian A. Laufer, Allan H. Anglada, Josep M. Francisco, Joseph S. TI Spectroscopic characterization of the ethyl radical-water complex SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPACE GAUSSIAN PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; AB-INITIO; ELECTRON CORRELATION; TRANSITION-STATE; ALKYL RADICALS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; BASIS-SETS; DENSITY AB An ab initio investigation has been employed to determine the structural and spectroscopic parameters, such as rotational constants, vibrational frequencies, vertical excitation energies, and the stability of the ethyl-water complex. The ethyl-water complex has a binding energy of 1.15 kcal.mol(-1). The interaction takes place between the hydrogen of water and the unpaired electron of the radical. This interaction is found to produce a red shift in the OH stretching bands of water of ca. 84 cm(-1), and a shift of all UV absorption bands to higher energies. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Lin, Chen; Finney, Brian A.; Francisco, Joseph S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lin, Chen; Finney, Brian A.; Francisco, Joseph S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Laufer, Allan H.] NIST, Chem Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Anglada, Josep M.; Francisco, Joseph S.] Univ Nebraska, Coll Arts & Sci, 1223 Oldfather Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Francisco, Joseph S.] CSIC, IQAC, Dept Quim Biol & Modelitzacio Mol, Calle Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RP Lin, C (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Lin, C (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Anglada, Josep/E-4837-2017 OI Anglada, Josep/0000-0003-4526-3624 FU Spanish Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion [CTQ2014-59768-P]; Generalitat de Catalunya [2014SGR139]; spanish Salvador de Madariaga Grant [PRX15/00139]; Fulbright Foundation FX J.S.F. thanks the ITaP at Purdue for computational resources that supported this work. J.A. thanks the Spanish Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion (Grant No. CTQ2014-59768-P), and the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant No. 2014SGR139), the spanish Salvador de Madariaga Grant (No. PRX15/00139) and the Fulbright Foundation for financial support. We also thank the Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya (CSUC) for providing computational resources. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2016 VL 145 IS 14 AR 144301 DI 10.1063/1.4963869 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EA3VL UT WOS:000386535900014 PM 27782533 ER PT J AU Piniak, WED Mann, DA Harms, CA Jones, TT Eckert, SA AF Piniak, Wendy E. D. Mann, David A. Harms, Craig A. Jones, T. Todd Eckert, Scott A. TI Hearing in the Juvenile Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas): A Comparison of Underwater and Aerial Hearing Using Auditory Evoked Potentials SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CARETTA-CARETTA; SENSITIVITY; AUDIOGRAMS; EAR AB Sea turtles spend much of their life in aquatic environments, but critical portions of their life cycle, such as nesting and hatching, occur in terrestrial environments, suggesting that it may be important for them to detect sounds in both air and water. In this study we compared underwater and aerial hearing sensitivities in five juvenile green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) by measuring auditory evoked potential responses to tone pip stimuli. Green sea turtles detected acoustic stimuli in both media, responding to underwater stimuli between 50 and 1600 Hz and aerial stimuli between 50 and 800 Hz, with maximum sensitivity between 200 and 400 Hz underwater and 300 and 400 Hz in air. When underwater and aerial hearing sensitivities were compared in terms of pressure, green sea turtle aerial sound pressure thresholds were lower than underwater thresholds, however they detected a wider range of frequencies underwater. When thresholds were compared in terms of sound intensity, green sea turtle sound intensity level thresholds were 2-39 dB lower underwater particularly at frequencies below 400 Hz. Acoustic stimuli may provide important environmental cues for sea turtles. Further research is needed to determine how sea turtles behaviorally and physiologically respond to sounds in their environment. C1 [Piniak, Wendy E. D.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Mann, David A.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Harms, Craig A.] North Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC USA. [Jones, T. Todd] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Eckert, Scott A.] Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservat Network, Ballwin, MO USA. [Eckert, Scott A.] Principia Coll, Dept Biol & Nat Resources, Elsah, IL USA. [Piniak, Wendy E. D.] Gettysburg Coll, Dept Environm Studies, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. [Mann, David A.] Loggerhead Instruments, Sarasota, FL USA. [Jones, T. Todd] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Piniak, WED (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM wpiniak@gettysburg.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA Fisheries Service; NSERC Discovery Grant FX This study was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA Fisheries Service (http//www.nmfs.noaa.gov/)) and a NSERC Discovery Grant. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 14 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0159711 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0159711 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ0DG UT WOS:000385507000001 PM 27741231 ER PT J AU Bortolotto, GA Danilewicz, D Andriolo, A Secchi, ER Zerbini, AN AF Bortolotto, Guilherme A. Danilewicz, Daniel Andriolo, Artur Secchi, Eduardo R. Zerbini, Alexandre N. TI Whale, Whale, Everywhere: Increasing Abundance of Western South Atlantic Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Their Wintering Grounds SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VITORIA-TRINDADE CHAIN; BRAZIL BREEDING STOCK; POPULATION-SIZE; SPATIAL MODELS; AERIAL SURVEYS; COAST; WATERS; OCEAN; CONSERVATION AB The western South Atlantic (WSA) humpback whale population inhabits the coast of Brazil during the breeding and calving season in winter and spring. This population was depleted to near extinction by whaling in the mid-twentieth century. Despite recent signs of recovery, increasing coastal and offshore development pose potential threats to these animals. Therefore, continuous monitoring is needed to assess population status and support conservation strategies. The aim of this work was to present ship-based line-transect estimates of abundance for humpback whales in their WSA breeding ground and to investigate potential changes in population size. Two cruises surveyed the coast of Brazil during August-September in 2008 and 2012. The area surveyed in 2008 corresponded to the currently recognized population breeding area; effort in 2012 was limited due to unfavorable weather conditions. WSA humpback whale population size in 2008 was estimated at 16,410 (CV = 0.228, 95% CI = 10,563-25,495) animals. In order to compare abundance between 2008 and 2012, estimates for the area between Salvador and Cabo Frio, which were consistently covered in the two years, were computed at 15,332 (CV = 0.243, 95% CI = 9,595-24,500) and 19,429 (CV = 0.101, 95% CI = 15,958-23,654) whales, respectively. The difference in the two estimates represents an increase of 26.7% in whale numbers in a 4-year period. The estimated abundance for 2008 is considered the most robust for the WSA humpback whale population because the ship survey conducted in that year minimized bias from various sources. Results presented here indicate that in 2008, the WSA humpback whale population was at least around 60% of its estimated pre-modern whaling abundance and that it may recover to its pre-exploitation size sooner than previously estimated. C1 [Bortolotto, Guilherme A.; Danilewicz, Daniel] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Posgrad Zool, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. [Bortolotto, Guilherme A.; Danilewicz, Daniel; Andriolo, Artur; Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Inst Aqualie, Av Dr Paulo Japiassu Coelho 714,Sala 202, BR-36033310 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Bortolotto, Guilherme A.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit SMRU, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Danilewicz, Daniel] GEMARS, Av Tramandai 976, BR-95625000 Imbe, RS, Brazil. [Andriolo, Artur] Univ Fed Juiz De Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, Lab Ecol Comportamental & Bioacost LABEC, BR-36036900 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Secchi, Eduardo R.] Univ Fed Rio Grande, Inst Oceanog, Lab Ecol & Conservacao Megafauna Marinha EcoMega, Av Italia,Km 8, BR-96203900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 4th Ave W, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Bortolotto, GA (reprint author), Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Posgrad Zool, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil.; Bortolotto, GA (reprint author), Inst Aqualie, Av Dr Paulo Japiassu Coelho 714,Sala 202, BR-36033310 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil.; Bortolotto, GA (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit SMRU, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. EM bartolotto.vet@gmail.com OI Bortolotto, Guilherme Augusto/0000-0002-5343-6575 FU Whale Satellite Monitoring Project (Projeto Monitoramento de Baleias por Satellite, PMBS); Cetacean Society International; Conselho Nacional para Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazilian Science, Technology and Innovation Ministry) [311474/2013-6, 307843/2014-0]; National Research Council, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine FX Shell Brasil (http://www.shell.com.br/) sponsored the Whale Satellite Monitoring Project (Projeto Monitoramento de Baleias por Satellite, PMBS; http://www.aqualie.org.br/2013/projetos/home-pmbs/) research cruises. Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES; http://www.capes.gov.br/) provided GAB with a scholarship during his master's studies. Cetacean Society International (http://csiwhalesalive.org/) awarded GAB with a small grant during the development of this work. Conselho Nacional para Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazilian Science, Technology and Innovation Ministry; http://cnpq.br/) provided Research Fellowships to AA (#311474/2013-6) and ERS (#307843/2014-0). ANZ was funded by National Research Council, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (http://www.nationalacademies.org/nrc/) during the 2008 cruise. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 13 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0164596 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0164596 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ0CV UT WOS:000385505800094 PM 27736958 ER PT J AU Ford, MJ Murdoch, AR Hughes, MS Seamons, TR LaHood, ES AF Ford, Michael J. Murdoch, Andrew R. Hughes, Michael S. Seamons, Todd R. LaHood, Eric S. TI Broodstock History Strongly Influences Natural Spawning Success in Hatchery Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SUPPLEMENTATION PROGRAM; RELATIVE FITNESS; WILD POPULATIONS; PACIFIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; RIVER; WASHINGTON; SELECTION; TROUT AB We used genetic parentage analysis of 6200 potential parents and 5497 juvenile offspring to evaluate the relative reproductive success of hatchery and natural steelhead (Onchor-hynchus mykiss) when spawning in the wild between 2008 and 2011 in the Wenatchee River, Washington. Hatchery fish originating from two prior generation hatchery parents had <20% of the reproductive success of natural origin spawners. In contrast, hatchery females originating from a cross between two natural origin parents of the prior generation had equivalent or better reproductive success than natural origin females. Males originating from such a cross had reproductive success of 26-93% that of natural males. The reproductive success of hatchery females and males from crosses consisting of one natural origin fish and one hatchery origin fish was 24-54% that of natural fish. The strong influence of hatchery broodstock origin on reproductive success confirms similar results from a previous study of a different population of the same species and suggests a genetic basis for the low reproductive success of hatchery steelhead, although environmental factors cannot be entirely ruled out. In addition to broodstock origin, fish size, return time, age, and spawning location were significant predictors of reproductive success. Our results indicate that incorporating natural fish into hatchery broodstock is clearly beneficial for improving subsequent natural spawning success, even in a population that has a decades-long history of hatchery releases, as is the case in the Wenatchee River. C1 [Ford, Michael J.; LaHood, Eric S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Murdoch, Andrew R.; Hughes, Michael S.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Supplementat Res Team, Wenatchee, WA USA. [Seamons, Todd R.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Mol Genet Lab, Olympia, WA USA. RP Ford, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mike.ford@noaa.gov FU Chelan County; Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX This work was partially funded through a contract with Public Utility District No. 1 of Chelan County (https://www.chelanpud.org) to the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. The initial study design was discussed with and approved by the funder. The funder provided comments on a contract report associated with this project, but had no role in the decision to publish or the preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 13 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0164801 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0164801 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ0CV UT WOS:000385505800132 PM 27737000 ER PT J AU Lewallen, EA Bohonak, AJ Bonin, CA van Wijnen, AJ Pitmans, RL Lovejoy, NR AF Lewallen, Eric A. Bohonak, Andrew J. Bonin, Carolina A. van Wijnen, Andre J. Pitmans, Robert L. Lovejoy, Nathan R. TI Population Genetic Structure of the Tropical Two-Wing Flyingfish (Exocoetus volitans) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; WESTERN ATLANTIC; MARINE FISHES; GLOBAL-SCALE; CONNECTIVITY; TUNA; POLYMORPHISM; DISPERSAL AB Delineating populations of pantropical marine fish is a difficult process, due to widespread geographic ranges and complex life history traits in most species. Exocoetus volitans, a species of two-winged flyingfish, is a good model for understanding large-scale patterns of epipelagic fish population structure because it has a circumtropical geographic range and completes its entire life cycle in the epipelagic zone. Buoyant pelagic eggs should dictate high local dispersal capacity in this species, although a brief larval phase, small body size, and short lifespan may limit the dispersal of individuals over large spatial scales. Based on these biological features, we hypothesized that E. volitans would exhibit statistically and biologically significant population structure defined by recognized oceanographic barriers. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing cytochrome b mtDNA sequence data (1106 bps) from specimens collected in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans (n = 266). AMOVA, Bayesian, and coalescent analytical approaches were used to assess and interpret population-level genetic variability. A parsimony-based haplotype network did not reveal population subdivision among ocean basins, but AMOVA revealed limited, statistically significant population structure between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (Phi(ST) = 0.035, p<0.001). A spatially-unbiased Bayesian approach identified two circumtropical population clusters north and south of the Equator (Phi(ST) = 0.026, p<0.001), a previously unknown dispersal barrier for an epipelagic fish. Bayesian demographic modeling suggested the effective population size of this species increased by at least an order of magnitude similar to 150,000 years ago, to more than 1 billion individuals currently. Thus, high levels of genetic similarity observed in E. volitans can be explained by high rates of gene flow, a dramatic and recent population expansion, as well as extensive and consistent dispersal throughout the geographic range of the species. C1 [Lewallen, Eric A.; Lovejoy, Nathan R.] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Biol Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Lewallen, Eric A.; Lovejoy, Nathan R.] Mayo Clin, Dept Biochem, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Lewallen, Eric A.; van Wijnen, Andre J.] Mayo Clin, Dept Mol Biol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Lewallen, Eric A.; van Wijnen, Andre J.] Mayo Clin, Dept Orthoped Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Bohonak, Andrew J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Bonin, Carolina A.] Univ St Thomas, St Paul, MN USA. [Pitmans, Robert L.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Lewallen, EA; Lovejoy, NR (reprint author), Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Biol Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Lewallen, EA; Lovejoy, NR (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Biochem, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.; Lewallen, EA (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Mol Biol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.; Lewallen, EA (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Orthoped Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM lewallen.eric.@mayo.edu; lovejoy@utsc.utoronto.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases [T32 AR56950, R01 AR049069] FX Funding for the study was provided by The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant to NRL. We also acknowledge funding from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32 AR56950 to EAL; R01 AR049069 to AJVW). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 13 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0163198 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0163198 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ0CV UT WOS:000385505800013 PM 27736863 ER PT J AU Williams, BC Kruse, GH Dorn, MW AF Williams, Benjamin C. Kruse, Gordon H. Dorn, Martin W. TI Interannual and Spatial Variability in Maturity ofWalleye Pollock Gadus chalcogrammus and Implications for Spawning Stock Biomass Estimates in the Gulf of Alaska SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATLANTIC COD; CLASSIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; SIZE AB Catch quotas for walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus, the dominant species in the groundfish fishery off Alaska, are set by applying harvest control rules to annual estimates of spawning stock biomass (SSB) from age-structured stock assessments. Adult walleye pollock abundance and maturity status have been monitored in early spring in Shelikof Strait in the Gulf of Alaska for almost three decades. The sampling strategy for maturity status is largely characterized as targeted, albeit opportunistic, sampling of trawl tows made during hydroacoustic surveys. Trawl sampling during pre-spawning biomass surveys, which do not adequately account for spatial patterns in the distribution of immature and mature fish, can bias estimated maturity ogives from which SSB is calculated. Utilizing these maturity data, we developed mixed-effects generalized additive models to examine spatial and temporal patterns in walleye pollock maturity and the influence of these patterns on estimates of SSB. Current stock assessment practice is to estimate SSB as the product of annual estimates of numbers at age, weight at age, and mean maturity at age for 1983-present. In practice, we found this strategy to be conservative for a time period from 2003-2013 as, on average, it underestimates SSB by a 4.7 to 11.9% difference when compared to our estimates of SSB that account for spatial structure or both temporal and spatial structure. Inclusion of spatially explicit information for walleye pollock maturity has implications for understanding stock reproductive biology and thus the setting of sustainable harvest rates used to manage this valuable fishery. C1 [Williams, Benjamin C.; Kruse, Gordon H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99775 USA. [Dorn, Martin W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Williams, Benjamin C.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. RP Williams, BC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99775 USA. EM ben.williams@alaska.gov FU National Science Foundation's Marine Ecosystem Sustainability in the Arctic and Subarctic (MESAS) IGERT program at the University of Alaska Fairbanks [DGE-0801720]; Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks FX Financial support for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation's Marine Ecosystem Sustainability in the Arctic and Subarctic (MESAS) IGERT program at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (#DGE-0801720) to BCW (https://www.sfos.uaf.edu/mesas/), and from the Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks to GHK (https://www.uaf.edu/sfos/research/major-research-programs/pccrc/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; Financial support for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation's Marine Ecosystem Sustainability in the Arctic and Subarctic (MESAS) IGERT program at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (#DGE-0801720), and from the Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Special thanks are extended to Alaska Fisheries Science Center scientists D. Jones, T. Honkalehto, C. Wilson, and N. Williamson for providing data and explaining data collection methods and offering other advice. This manuscript was greatly improved by an initial review from K. Criddle, and by two anonymous reviews. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 13 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0164797 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0164797 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ0CV UT WOS:000385505800130 PM 27736982 ER PT J AU Li, B Wen, HM Zhou, W Xu, JQ Chen, BL AF Li, Bin Wen, Hui-Min Zhou, Wei Xu, Jeff Q. Chen, Banglin TI Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks: Promising Materials for Methane Storage SO CHEM LA English DT Review ID NATURAL-GAS STORAGE; CARBIDE-DERIVED CARBONS; HIGH-SURFACE-AREA; HYDROGEN STORAGE; POLYMER NETWORKS; ACTIVATED CARBON; WORKING CAPACITY; BUILDING UNITS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PORE-SPACE AB Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the most promising porous adsorbents for methane storage; however, the highest reported storage capacities of about 270 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) at 298 K and 65 bar are still much lower than the new US Department of Energy (DOE) target of 350 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3). Furthermore, it is very difficult to reach the DOE targets for volumetric (350 cm(3) [STP] cm(-3)) and gravimetric (0.5 g [CH4]/g) storage capacities simultaneously for a single MOF. This review systematically evaluates and compares the methane storage capacities of reported MOFs at both 298 and 270 K. We found that slightly reducing the storage temperature to 270 K can significantly improve both the volumetric and gravimetric uptake. Our discoveries highlight that two unique MOFs, NU-111 and MOF-177 (which have high pore volumes of 2.09 and 1.89 cm(3) g(-1), respectively), not only have very high gravimetric capacities of 0.5 and 0.43 g/g, respectively, but also exhibit the highest working capacities ever reported: 239 and 230 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3), respectively. In addition, a usable empirical equation for predicting methane storage capacities (at 270 K and 65 bar) and some engineering strategies for thermal management are discussed. C1 [Li, Bin; Wen, Hui-Min; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Jeff Q.] Leau2409 LLC, 318 Joshua Way, San Antonio, TX 78258 USA. RP Chen, BL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.; Zhou, W (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov; banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Li, Bin/J-6124-2015; Wen, Huimin/G-6215-2015 OI Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Li, Bin/0000-0002-7774-5452; Wen, Huimin/0000-0002-3531-3379 NR 107 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 71 U2 71 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 2451-9294 J9 CHEM JI Chem PD OCT 13 PY 2016 VL 1 IS 4 BP 557 EP 580 DI 10.1016/j.chempr.2016.09.009 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EB0LJ UT WOS:000387035000009 ER PT J AU Jarret, M Jordan, SP Lackey, B AF Jarret, Michael Jordan, Stephen P. Lackey, Brad TI Adiabatic optimization versus diffusion Monte Carlo methods SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION; COMPLEXITY; ALGORITHM AB Most experimental and theoretical studies of adiabatic optimization use stoquastic Hamiltonians, whose ground states are expressible using only real nonnegative amplitudes. This raises a question as to whether classical Monte Carlo methods can simulate stoquastic adiabatic algorithms with polynomial overhead. Here we analyze diffusion Monte Carlo algorithms. We argue that, based on differences between L-1 and L-2 normalized states, these algorithms suffer from certain obstructions preventing them from efficiently simulating stoquastic adiabatic evolution in generality. In practice however, we obtain good performance by introducing a method that we call Substochastic Monte Carlo. In fact, our simulations are good classical optimization algorithms in their own right, competitive with the best previously known heuristic solvers for MAX-k-SAT at k = 2,3,4. C1 [Jarret, Michael; Jordan, Stephen P.; Lackey, Brad] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jarret, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jordan, Stephen P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lackey, Brad] Natl Secur Agcy, Ft Gg Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Jarret, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Jarret, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Jarret, Michael/0000-0003-4061-3509 FU Booz Allen Hamilton FX We thank Aaron Ostrander for useful discussions and Yi-Kai Liu for making us aware of [30]. M.J. thanks Booz Allen Hamilton for support. Portions of this paper are a contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government, and are not subject to US copyright. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 13 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 4 AR 042318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.042318 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DZ1SA UT WOS:000385618500002 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Rindorf, A Gao, J Hanselman, DH Winker, H AF Thorson, James T. Rindorf, Anna Gao, Jin Hanselman, Dana H. Winker, Henning TI Density-dependent changes in effective area occupied for sea-bottom-associated marine fishes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE density-dependent habitat selection; ideal-free distribution; basin model; spatio-temporal; meta-analysis ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; IDEAL FREE DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT SELECTION; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN GULF; ST-LAWRENCE; ABUNDANCE AB The spatial distribution of marine fishes can change for many reasons, including density-dependent distributional shifts. Previous studies show mixed support for either the proportional-density model (PDM; no relationship between abundance and area occupied, supported by ideal-free distribution theory) or the basin model (BM; positive abundance-area relationship, supported by density-dependent habitat selection theory). The BM implies that fishes move towards preferred habitat as the population declines. We estimate the average relationship using bottom trawl data for 92 fish species from six marine regions, to determine whether the BM or PDM provides a better description for sea-bottom-associated fishes. We fit a spatio-temporal model and estimate changes in effective area occupied and abundance, and combine results to estimate the average abundance-area relationship as well as variability among taxa and regions. The average relationship is weak but significant (0.6% increase in area for a 10% increase in abundance), whereas only a small proportion of species-region combinations show a negative relationship (i.e. shrinking area when abundance increases). Approximately one-third of combinations (34.6%) are predicted to increase in area more than 1% for every 10% increase in abundance. We therefore infer that population density generally changes faster than effective area occupied during abundance changes. Gadiformes have the strongest estimated relationship (average 1.0% area increase for every 10% abundance increase) followed by Pleuronectiformes and Scorpaeniformes, and the Eastern Bering Sea shows a strong relationship between abundance and area occupied relative to other regions. We conclude that the BM explains a small but important portion of spatial dynamics for sea-bottom-associated fishes, and that many individual populations merit cautious management during population declines, because a compressed range may increase the efficiency of harvest. C1 [Thorson, James T.; Gao, Jin] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rindorf, Anna] Tech Univ Denmark DTU, DTU Aqua Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Jaegersborg 1, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Gao, Jin] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hanselman, Dana H.] NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. [Winker, Henning] Kirstenbosch Res Ctr, SANBI, ZA-7735 Claremont, South Africa. [Winker, Henning] Univ Cape Town, Dept Stat Sci, Ctr Stat Ecol Environm & Conservat SEEC, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.thorson@noaa.gov OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 FU NOAA Habitat Assessment Improvement Project [15-027] FX J.G. was supported by NOAA Habitat Assessment Improvement Project no. 15-027. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD OCT 12 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1840 AR 20161853 DI 10.1098/rspb.2016.1853 PG 10 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EA3GN UT WOS:000386490000017 ER PT J AU Du, XN Peterson, W Fisher, J Hunter, M Peterson, J AF Du, Xiuning Peterson, William Fisher, Jennifer Hunter, Matt Peterson, Jay TI Initiation and Development of a Toxic and Persistent Pseudo-nitzschia Bloom off the Oregon Coast in Spring/Summer2015 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; WASHINGTON COAST; PSEUDONITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; UPWELLING ZONES; MONTEREY BAY; RAZOR CLAMS AB In spring/summer 2015, a toxic bloom by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia (PN) occurred along the west coast of the United States which led to closures of the harvest of razor clams and Dungeness crabs. Twice monthly observations of temperature, salinity, nutrients, chlorophyll and phytoplankton species composition allowed us to track oceanographic conditions preceding and during the development of the bloom. PN cells were first detected during late winter 2015. A PN bloom was initiated following the onset of coastal upwelling in mid-April; subsequent peaks in May and June were sustained by episodic upwelling events and reached magnitudes of 10(5) cells/L and 10(6) cells/L, 40% and 90% of the total diatom abundance, respectively. The bloom temporarily crashed in July due to a lack of upwelling, but PN cells increased again in August due to a resumption of upwelling, albeit with lower magnitude. Macronutrient conditions prior to this bloom likely played a critical role in triggering the bloom and its toxicity (particularly silicic acid limitation stress). Nutrient stress preceding the toxic bloom was related to two oceanographic events: an anomalously warm and thick water mass that occupied the northern North Pacific from September 2014 through 2015 leading to a highly-stratified water column, and the drawdown of nitrate and silicic acid during an unusually intense winter phytoplankton bloom in February and early March 2015. C1 [Du, Xiuning; Fisher, Jennifer; Peterson, Jay] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, William] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. [Hunter, Matt] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Shellfish Program, Astoria, OR USA. [Peterson, Jay] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Du, XN (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM xiuningdu@gmail.com FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Monitoring and Event Response for Harmful Algal Blooms (MERHAB) Research Program as part of the Monitoring Oregon Coastal Harmful Algae program [NA07NOS4780195] FX XD was supported by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Monitoring and Event Response for Harmful Algal Blooms (MERHAB) Research Program (NA07NOS4780195) (http://coastaiscience.noaa. gov/research/habsi/merhab) as part of the Monitoring Oregon Coastal Harmful Algae program (http://bioweb.coas.oregonstate.edu/-mocha/) This is MERHAB publication #197. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 12 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0163977 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0163977 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ0CQ UT WOS:000385505300034 PM 27732630 ER PT J AU Yu, Y Ludwig, KF Woicik, JC Gopalan, S Pal, UB Kaspar, TC Basu, SN AF Yu, Yang Ludwig, Karl F. Woicik, Joseph C. Gopalan, Srikanth Pal, Uday B. Kaspar, Tiffany C. Basu, Soumendra N. TI Effect of Sr Content and Strain on Sr Surface Segregation of La1-xSrxCo0.2Fe0.8O3-delta as Cathode Material for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE solid oxide fuel cell; strontium-doped lanthanum cobalt ferrite; Sr surface segregation; thin film; total-reflection X-ray fluorescence; hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; high-resolution X-ray diffraction ID INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE SOFC; PEROVSKITE-TYPE OXIDES; COMPOSITE CATHODES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PERFORMANCE; LA0.6SR0.4CO0.2FE0.8O3-DELTA; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; FILMS; LA0.6SR0.4COO3-DELTA AB Strontium-doped lanthanum cobalt ferrite (LSCF) is a widely used cathode material due to its high electronic and ionic conductivity, and reasonable oxygen surface exchange coefficient. However, LSCF can have long-term stability issues such as surface segregation of Sr during solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation, which can adversely affect the electrochemical performance. Thus, understanding the nature Of the Sr surface segregation phenomenon and how it is affected by the composition of LSCF and strain are critical. In this research, heteroepitaxial thin films of La1-xSrxCo0.2Fe0.8O3-delta with varying Sr content (x = 0.4, 0.3, 0.2) were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on single-crystal NdGaO3, SrTiO3, and GdScO3 substrates, leading to different levels of strain in the films. The extent of Sr segregation at the film surface was quantified using synchrotron-based total-reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electronic structure of the Sr-rich phases formed on the surface was investigated by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). The extent of Sr segregation was found to be a function of the Sr content in bulk. Lowering the Sr content from 40% to 30% reduced the surface segregation, but further lowering the Sr content to 20% increased the segregation. The strain of LSCF thin films on various" substrates was measured using high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), and the Sr surface segregation was found to be reduced with compressive strain and enhanced with tensile strain present within the thin films. A model was developed correlating the Sr surface segregation with Sr content and strain effects to explain the experimental results. C1 [Yu, Yang; Ludwig, Karl F.; Gopalan, Srikanth; Pal, Uday B.; Basu, Soumendra N.] Boston Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. [Ludwig, Karl F.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gopalan, Srikanth; Pal, Uday B.; Basu, Soumendra N.] Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kaspar, Tiffany C.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Yu, Y; Basu, SN (reprint author), Boston Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Brookline, MA 02446 USA.; Basu, SN (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM yuyang20@bu.edu; basu@bu.edu FU DOE SECA program [DEFC2612FE0009656]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; NSF-MRI [1337471] FX This work is supported through the DOE SECA program under Grant DEFC2612FE0009656. Synthesis of materials was performed using EMSL, a DOE Office of Science User Facility sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Additional support was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The Bruker D8 Discover diffractometer used for HRXRD studies was purchased through NSF-MRI Award No. 1337471. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Mr. Barry Karlin at NIST, Dr. Jeff Bacon, Mr. Jeff Woodward, and Dr. Alexey Y. Nikiforov at Boston University. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 24 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD OCT 12 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 40 BP 26704 EP 26711 DI 10.1021/acsami.6b07118 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DY9QD UT WOS:000385469000031 PM 27649281 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Rodriguez, RS Devilbiss, MN Woodcock, J Davis, CS Sinko, R Keten, S Gilman, JW AF Fox, Douglas M. Rodriguez, Rebeca S. Devilbiss, Mackenzie N. Woodcock, Jeremiah Davis, Chelsea S. Sinko, Robert Keten, Sinan Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Simultaneously Tailoring Surface Energies and Thermal Stabilities of Cellulose Nanocrystals Using Ion Exchange: Effects on Polymer Composite Properties for Transportation, Infrastructure, and Renewable Energy Applications SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE cellulose nanocrystals; ionic liquids; polymer composites; epoxy; extrusion; dispersion ID GENERAL FORCE-FIELD; POLYVINYL-ALCOHOL; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ACID HYDROLYSIS; SULFATE GROUPS; NANOCOMPOSITES; DEGRADATION; DISPERSION; WHISKERS AB Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have great potential as sustainable reinforcing materials for polymers, but there are a number of obstacles to commercialization that must first be overcome. High levels of water absorption, low thermal stabilities, poor miscibility with nonpolar polymers, and irreversible aggregation of the dried CNCs are among the greatest challenges to producing cellulose nanocrystal polymer nanocomposites. A simple, scalable technique to modify sulfated cellulose nanocrystals (Na-CNCs) has been developed to address all of these issues. By using an ion exchange process to replace Na+ with imidazolium or phosphonium cations, the surface energy is altered, the thermal stability is increased, and the miscibility of dried CNCs with, a nonpolar polymer (epoxy and polystyrene) is enhanced. Characterization of the resulting ion exchanged CNCs (IE-CNCs) using potentiometry, inverse gas chromatography, dynamic vapor sorption, and laser scanning confocal microscopy reveals that the IE-CNCs have lower surface energies, adsorb less water, and have thermal stabilities of up to 100 degrees C higher than those of prepared protonated cellulose nanocrystals (H-CNCs) and 40 degrees C higher than that of neutralized Na-CNC. Methyl(triphenyl)phosphonium exchanged cellulose nanocrystals (MePh3P-CNC) adsorbed 30% less water than Na-CNC, retained less water during desorption, and were used to prepare well-dispersed epoxy composites without the aid of a solvent and well-dispersed polystyrene nanocomposites using a melt blending technique at 195 degrees C. Predictions of dispersion quality and glass transition temperatures from molecular modeling experiments match experimental observations. These fiber reinforced polymers can be used as lightweight composites in transportation, infrastructure, and renewable energy applications. C1 [Fox, Douglas M.; Rodriguez, Rebeca S.; Devilbiss, Mackenzie N.] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Woodcock, Jeremiah; Davis, Chelsea S.; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sinko, Robert; Keten, Sinan] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Sinko, Robert; Keten, Sinan] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM dfox@american.edu NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 25 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD OCT 12 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 40 BP 27270 EP 27281 DI 10.1021/acsami.6b06083 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DY9QD UT WOS:000385469000096 PM 27626824 ER PT J AU Tan, ZL Zhuang, QL Henze, DK Frankenberg, C Dlugokencky, E Sweeney, C Turner, AJ Sasakawa, M Machida, T AF Tan, Zeli Zhuang, Qianlai Henze, Daven K. Frankenberg, Christian Dlugokencky, Ed Sweeney, Colm Turner, Alexander J. Sasakawa, Motoki Machida, Toshinobu TI Inverse modeling of pan-Arctic methane emissions at high spatial resolution: what can we learn from assimilating satellite retrievals and using different process-based wetland and lake biogeochemical models? SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPARISON PROJECT WETCHIMP; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; GROWTH-RATE; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; SIBERIAN SHELF; CH4 EMISSIONS; PRESENT STATE; CO2; NORTH; SCIAMACHY AB Understanding methane emissions from the Arctic, a fast-warming carbon reservoir, is important for projecting future changes in the global methane cycle. Here we optimized methane emissions from north of 60 degrees N (pan-Arctic) regions using a nested-grid high-resolution inverse model that assimilates both high-precision surface measurements and column-average SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartogrphY (SCIAMACHY) satellite retrievals of methane mole fraction. For the first time, methane emissions from lakes were integrated into an atmospheric transport and inversion estimate, together with prior wetland emissions estimated with six biogeochemical models. In our estimates, in 2005, global methane emissions were in the range of 496.4-511.5 Tg yr(-1), and pan-Arctic methane emissions were in the range of 11.9-28.5 Tg yr(-1). Methane emissions from pan-Arctic wetlands and lakes were 5.5-14.2 and 2.4-14.2 Tg yr(-1), respectively. Methane emissions from Siberian wetlands and lakes are the largest and also have the largest uncertainty. Our results indicate that the uncertainty introduced by different wetland models could be much larger than the uncertainty of each inversion. We also show that assimilating satellite retrievals can reduce the un-certainty of the nested-grid inversions. The significance of lake emissions cannot be identified across the pan-Arctic by high-resolution inversions, but it is possible to identify high lake emissions from some specific regions. In contrast to global inversions, high-resolution nested-grid inversions perform better in estimating near-surface methane concentrations. C1 [Tan, Zeli; Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Tan, Zeli; Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Henze, Daven K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Frankenberg, Christian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Dlugokencky, Ed; Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Turner, Alexander J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sasakawa, Motoki; Machida, Toshinobu] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Zhuang, QL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Zhuang, QL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Zhuang, QL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM qzhuang@purdue.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU NASA [NASA-NNX09AI26G]; Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-08ER64599]; NSF Division of Information and Intelligent Systems [NSF-1028291]; NSF [NSF-0630319]; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NOAA [NA14OAR4310136]; DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (CSGF) FX We would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their thorough and constructive reviews. Many thanks are given to the WETCHIMP investigators for making their simulations of wetland methane emissions available. We appreciate the help from Guang-Dih Lei and Bhagirath M. Trivedi at NASA and Robert Yantosca at Harvard for processing nested-grid GOES-5 met data, and the help from Christoph A. Keller at Harvard for processing nested-grid emission data by HEMCO. This study is supported through projects funded to Qianlai Zhuang by the NASA Land Use and Land Cover Change Program (NASA-NNX09AI26G), the Department of Energy (DOE) (DE-FG02-08ER64599), the NSF Division of Information and Intelligent Systems (NSF-1028291), and the NSF Carbon and Water in the Earth Program (NSF-0630319). This research is also in part supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of their Earth System Modeling Program. Daven K. Henze acknowledges NOAA grant no. NA14OAR4310136. Alexander J. Turner was supported by a DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (CSGF). The supercomputing resource is provided by the Rosen Center for Advanced Computing at Purdue University. NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 12 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 19 BP 12649 EP 12666 DI 10.5194/acp-16-12649-2016 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DY8TG UT WOS:000385403300001 ER PT J AU Li, SJ Ahmed, L Zhang, RN Pan, Y Matsunami, H Burger, JL Block, E Batista, VS Zhuang, HY AF Li, Shengju Ahmed, Lucky Zhang, Ruina Pan, Yi Matsunami, Hiroaki Burger, Jessica L. Block, Eric Batista, Victor S. Zhuang, Hanyi TI Smelling Sulfur: Copper and Silver Regulate the Response of Human Odorant Receptor OR2T11 to Low-Molecular-Weight Thiols SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-OLFACTOMETRY; DIFFERENCE NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; STD NMR; POLYFUNCTIONAL THIOLS; AROMA COMPOUND; NOBEL LECTURE; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; OLFACTION; QUANTITATION AB Mammalian survival depends on ultrasensitive olfactory detection of volatile sulfur compounds, since these compounds can signal the presence of rancid food, O-2 depleted atmospheres, and predators (through carnivore excretions). Skunks exploit this sensitivity with their noxious spray. In commerce, natural and liquefied gases are odorized with t-BuSH and EtSH, respectively, as warnings. The 100-million-fold difference in olfactory perception between structurally similar EtSH and EtOH has long puzzled those studying olfaction. Mammals detect thiols and other odorants using odorant receptors (ORs), members of the family of seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Understanding the regulator cofactors and response of ORs is particularly challenging due to the lack of X-ray structural models. Here, we combine computational modeling and site-directed mutagenesis with saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and measurements of the receptor response profiles. We find that human thiol receptor OR2T11 responds specifically to gas odorants t-BuSH and EtSH requiring ionic copper for its robust activation and that this role of copper is mimicked by ionic and nanoparticulate silver. While copper is both an essential nutrient for life and, in excess, a hallmark of various pathologies and neurodegenerative diseases, its involvement in human olfaction has not been previously demonstrated. When screened against a series of alcohols, thiols, sulfides, and metal-coordinating ligands, OR2T11 responds with enhancement by copper to the mouse semiochemical CH3SCH2SH and derivatives, to four-membered cyclic sulfide thietane and to one- to four-carbon straight- and branched-chain and five-carbon branched-chain thiols but not to longer chain thiols, suggesting compact receptor dimensions. Alcohols are unreactive. C1 [Li, Shengju; Zhang, Ruina; Pan, Yi; Zhuang, Hanyi] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Key Lab Cell Differentiat & Apoptosis, Dept Pathophysiol,Natl Minist Educ, Shanghai 200025, Peoples R China. [Ahmed, Lucky; Batista, Victor S.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Matsunami, Hiroaki] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Inst Brain Sci, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Burger, Jessica L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Block, Eric] SUNY Albany, Dept Chem, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Zhuang, Hanyi] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Hlth Sci,Sch Med, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. RP Zhuang, HY (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Key Lab Cell Differentiat & Apoptosis, Dept Pathophysiol,Natl Minist Educ, Shanghai 200025, Peoples R China.; Batista, VS (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Chem, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.; Burger, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Block, E (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Chem, Albany, NY 12222 USA.; Zhuang, HY (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Hlth Sci,Sch Med, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. EM jessica.burger@nist.gov; eblock@albany.edu; victor.batista@yale.edu; hanyizhuang@sjtu.educn FU Chinese National Science Foundation [31070972]; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [16ZR1418300]; Program for Innovative Research Team of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission; Shanghai Eastern Scholar Program [J50201]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB910401]; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine [BXJ201303]; Professional Research Experience Program (PREP); NSF [CHE-1265679]; NIH [5R01 DC014423-02, DC012095, DC014423, 1R01GM106121-01A1]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) FX We acknowledge support from the Chinese National Science Foundation (31070972), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (16ZR1418300), the Program for Innovative Research Team of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, the Shanghai Eastern Scholar Program (J50201), the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB910401) (all to H.Z.), the Doctoral Innovation Fund Projects from Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (BXJ201303) (to R.Z.), the Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) (to J.L.B.), NSF (CHE-1265679), NIH (5R01 DC014423-02 subaward), the Chinese Academy of Sciences for a Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists (all to E.B.), NIH (DC012095 and DC014423) (to H.M.), the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), and NIH (1R01GM106121-01A1) (both to V.S.B.). NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 21 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 12 PY 2016 VL 138 IS 40 BP 13281 EP 13288 DI 10.1021/jacs.6b06983 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DY9QG UT WOS:000385469600033 ER PT J AU Almog, I Loewenthal, G Coslovsky, J Sagi, Y Davidson, N AF Almog, Ido Loewenthal, Gil Coslovsky, Jonathan Sagi, Yoav Davidson, Nir TI Dynamic decoupling in the presence of colored control noise SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-SYSTEMS; PULSES; QUBIT AB An optimal dynamic decoupling of a quantum system coupled to a noisy environment must take into account also the imperfections of the control pulses. We present a formalism which describes, in a closed-form expression, the evolution of the system, including the spectral function of both the environment and control noise. We show that by measuring these spectral functions, our expression can be used to optimize the decoupling pulse sequence. We demonstrate this approach with an ensemble of optically trapped ultracold rubidium atoms, and use quantum process tomography to identify the effect of the environment and control noise. Our approach is applicable and important for any realistic implementation of quantum information processing. C1 [Almog, Ido; Loewenthal, Gil; Coslovsky, Jonathan; Davidson, Nir] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Phys Complex Syst, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Sagi, Yoav] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sagi, Yoav] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Almog, I (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Phys Complex Syst, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. FU MINERVA; ISF; DIP FX We acknowledge the financial support of MINERVA, ISF, and DIP. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 12 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 4 AR 042317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.042317 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DZ1RW UT WOS:000385618000003 ER PT J AU Mao, YM Kriegel, RM Bucknall, DG AF Mao, Yimin Kriegel, Robert M. Bucknall, David G. TI The crystal structure of poly(ethylene furanoate) SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE PEF; Crystal structure; X-ray fiber diffraction ID FIBER DIFFRACTION PATTERNS; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; X-RAY STRUCTURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER SORPTION; CELLULOSE-II; TRANSPORT; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); CRYSTALLIZATION AB The crystal structure of poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) has been determined using X-ray fiber diffraction (XRFD) combined with molecular modeling. Analysis of the XRFD data suggested the space group was P2(1), with a monoclinic unit cell where a = 5.784 angstrom, b = 6.780 angstrom, c = 20.296 angstrom, and gamma = 103.3 degrees, giving a calculated unit cell density of the crystal phase was 1.562 g/cm(3). The repeating unit consisted of two monomers related to each other by a 2(1) screw axis. It was also shown that two PEF chains were included in each unit cell, with the center-chain being staggered with respect to the corner-chain. Polymer chains were found to be near planar, although careful evaluation showed that the best fit with the data required the cell to contain a mixture of 3/12 and 5/12 center-chain-staggering. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mao, Yimin; Bucknall, David G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kriegel, Robert M.] Coca Cola Co, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Bucknall, David G.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Mao, Yimin] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mao, Yimin] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bucknall, DG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Bucknall, DG (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM david.bucknall@hw.ac.uk FU Coke Cola Company; National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences under NSF [DMR-1332208]; National Institutes of Health, through its National Institute of General Medical Sciences [GM-103485] FX We gratefully acknowledge funding for this work from the Coke Cola Company. The crystallographic data is based upon measurements conducted at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences under NSF award DMR-1332208, using the Macromolecular Diffraction at CHESS (MacCHESS) facility, which is supported by award GM-103485 from the National Institutes of Health, through its National Institute of General Medical Sciences. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 12 PY 2016 VL 102 BP 308 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.08.052 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DY9VV UT WOS:000385484100034 ER PT J AU Helmuth, B Choi, F Matzelle, A Torossian, JL Morello, SL Mislan, KAS Yamane, L Strickland, D Szathmary, PL Gilman, SE Tockstein, A Hilbish, TJ Burrows, MT Power, AM Gosling, E Mieszkowska, N Harley, CDG Nishizaki, M Carrington, E Menge, B Petes, L Foley, MM Johnson, A Poole, M Noble, MM Richmond, EL Robart, M Robinson, J Sapp, J Sones, J Broitman, BR Denny, MW Mach, KJ Miller, LP O'Donnell, M Ross, P Hofmann, GE Zippay, M Blanchette, C Macfarlan, JA Carpizo-Ituarte, E Ruttenberg, B Mejia, CEP McQuaid, CD Lathlean, J Monaco, CJ Nicastro, KR Zardi, G AF Helmuth, Brian Choi, Francis Matzelle, Allison Torossian, Jessica L. Morello, Scott L. Mislan, K. A. S. Yamane, Lauren Strickland, Denise Szathmary, P. Lauren Gilman, Sarah E. Tockstein, Alyson Hilbish, Thomas J. Burrows, Michael T. Power, Anne Marie Gosling, Elizabeth Mieszkowska, Nova Harley, Christopher D. G. Nishizaki, Michael Carrington, Emily Menge, Bruce Petes, Laura Foley, Melissa M. Johnson, Angela Poole, Megan Noble, Mae M. Richmond, Erin L. Robart, Matt Robinson, Jonathan Sapp, Jerod Sones, Jackie Broitman, Bernardo R. Denny, Mark W. Mach, Katharine J. Miller, Luke P. O'Donnell, Michael Ross, Philip Hofmann, Gretchen E. Zippay, Mackenzie Blanchette, Carol Macfarlan, J. A. Carpizo-Ituarte, Eugenio Ruttenberg, Benjamin Pena Mejia, Carlos E. McQuaid, Christopher D. Lathlean, Justin Monaco, Cristin J. Nicastro, Katy R. Zardi, Gerardo TI Long-term, high frequency in situ measurements of intertidal mussel bed temperatures using biomimetic sensors SO SCIENTIFIC DATA LA English DT Article; Data Paper ID EFFECTIVE SHORE LEVEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BODY-TEMPERATURE; THERMAL-STRESS; MYTILUS-CALIFORNIANUS; WAVE EXPOSURE; BIOGEOGRAPHIC RESPONSES; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; NATIVE MUSSEL; PATTERNS AB At a proximal level, the physiological impacts of global climate change on ectothermic organisms are manifest as changes in body temperatures. Especially for plants and animals exposed to direct solar radiation, body temperatures can be substantially different from air temperatures. We deployed biomimetic sensors that approximate the thermal characteristics of intertidal mussels at 71 sites worldwide, from 1998-present. Loggers recorded temperatures at 10-30 min intervals nearly continuously at multiple intertidal elevations. Comparisons against direct measurements of mussel tissue temperature indicated errors of similar to 2.0-2.5 degrees C, during daily fluctuations that often exceeded 15 degrees-20 degrees C. Geographic patterns in thermal stress based on biomimetic logger measurements were generally far more complex than anticipated based only on 'habitat-level' measurements of air or sea surface temperature. This unique data set provides an opportunity to link physiological measurements with spatially-and temporally-explicit field observations of body temperature. C1 [Helmuth, Brian; Choi, Francis; Matzelle, Allison; Torossian, Jessica L.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, 430 Nahant Rd, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Morello, Scott L.] Downeast Inst, Beals, ME 04611 USA. [Mislan, K. A. S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yamane, Lauren] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Strickland, Denise; Szathmary, P. Lauren; Tockstein, Alyson; Hilbish, Thomas J.] Univ South Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Gilman, Sarah E.] Pitzer Coll, WM Keck Sci Dept Claremont McKenna, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Gilman, Sarah E.] Scripps Coll, WM Keck Sci Dept Claremont McKenna, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Burrows, Michael T.] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Power, Anne Marie] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Nat Sci, Anne Marie Power, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland. [Gosling, Elizabeth] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci, Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland. [Mieszkowska, Nova] Marine Biol Assoc UK, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England. [Harley, Christopher D. G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Harley, Christopher D. G.] Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Nishizaki, Michael; Carrington, Emily] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Menge, Bruce; Petes, Laura; Foley, Melissa M.; Johnson, Angela; Poole, Megan; Noble, Mae M.; Richmond, Erin L.; Robart, Matt; Robinson, Jonathan; Sapp, Jerod] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sones, Jackie] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Reserve, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Broitman, Bernardo R.] Ctr Estudios Avanzados Zonas Aridas, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile. [Denny, Mark W.; Mach, Katharine J.; Miller, Luke P.; O'Donnell, Michael] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Ross, Philip] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand. [Hofmann, Gretchen E.; Zippay, Mackenzie; Blanchette, Carol; Macfarlan, J. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Carpizo-Ituarte, Eugenio; Ruttenberg, Benjamin; Pena Mejia, Carlos E.] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [McQuaid, Christopher D.; Lathlean, Justin; Monaco, Cristin J.; Nicastro, Katy R.; Zardi, Gerardo] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Strickland, Denise] Palmetto Hlth Richland, Columbia, SC USA. [Szathmary, P. Lauren] Res Planning Inc, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Tockstein, Alyson] Maritime Aquarium Norwalk, Norwalk, CT 06854 USA. [Mieszkowska, Nova] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZX, Merseyside, England. [Nishizaki, Michael] Williams Coll & Myst Seaport, Maritime Studies Program, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Petes, Laura] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Foley, Melissa M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Noble, Mae M.] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Richmond, Erin L.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Richmond, Erin L.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Robart, Matt] Occidental Coll, Vantuna Res Grp, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. [Mach, Katharine J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Miller, Luke P.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [O'Donnell, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zippay, Mackenzie] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Blanchette, Carol] Valentine Eastern Sierra Reserve, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546 USA. [Macfarlan, J. A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Ruttenberg, Benjamin] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Pena Mejia, Carlos E.] Inst Invest Marinas & Costeras, Jefe Lab Instrumentac Marina, Santa Marta Dtch 470006, Colombia. [Nicastro, Katy R.] Univ Algarve, Ctr Ciencias Mar, CIMAR Lab Assoc, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal. RP Helmuth, B (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, 430 Nahant Rd, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. EM b.helmuth@northeastern.edu OI Zardi, Gerardo/0000-0001-8798-5794; Helmuth, Brian/0000-0003-0180-3414 NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2052-4463 J9 SCI DATA JI Sci. Data PD OCT 11 PY 2016 VL 3 AR UNSP 160087 DI 10.1038/sdata.2016.87 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EF3ON UT WOS:000390234100001 PM 27727238 ER PT J AU Lindley, TT Anderson, AR Mahale, VN Curl, TS Line, WE Lindstrom, SS Bachmeier, AS AF Lindley, T. Todd Anderson, Aaron R. Mahale, Vivek N. Curl, Thomas S. Line, William E. Lindstrom, Scott S. Bachmeier, A. Scott TI Wildfire Detection Notifications for Impact-Based Decision Support Services in Oklahoma Using Geostationary Super Rapid Scan Satellite Imagery SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOES-R AB On 18 February 2016, wildfires burned 524.80 km(2) (129 682 ac) and damaged or destroyed 656 structures across Oklahoma. During this high-impact fire episode, meteorologists at the Norman, Oklahoma, National Weather Service Forecast Office leveraged experimental 1-min Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite-14 (GOES-14) imager super rapid scan operations for GOES-R (SRSOR) in concert with a text messaging-based notification tool within the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS) to alert officials of remotely sensed wildfire hot spots. These notifications allowed Oklahoma Forestry Services and Oklahoma Department of Emergency Management to rapidly deploy local firefighting resources to the site of newly detected wildfire ignitions-in some instances before emergency 911 calls were received. This article will describe the Python application developed for use in AWIPS during real-time operations and will briefly illustrate SRSOR sampling of the fire outbreak, particularly the Buffalo Fire in northwestern Oklahoma. This use of SRSOR demonstrates the applicability of research-to-operations for GOES-R era capabilities in future impact-based decision support services. C1 [Lindley, T. Todd; Anderson, Aaron R.; Mahale, Vivek N.; Curl, Thomas S.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Norman, OK USA. [Line, William E.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Line, William E.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Lindstrom, Scott S.; Bachmeier, A. Scott] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Lindley, TT (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM todd.lindley@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL WEATHER ASSOC PI NORMAN PA 350 DAVID L BOREN BLVD, STE 2750, NORMAN, OK USA SN 2325-6184 J9 J OPER METEOROL JI J. Oper. Meteorol. PD OCT 11 PY 2016 VL 4 IS 14 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.15191/nwajom.2016.0414 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC9VT UT WOS:000388493100001 ER PT J AU Balaji, V Benson, R Wyman, B Held, I AF Balaji, V. Benson, Rusty Wyman, Bruce Held, Isaac TI Coarse-grained component concurrency in Earth system modeling: parallelizing atmospheric radiative transfer in the GFDL AM3 model using the Flexible Modeling System coupling framework SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; CLIMATE MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; FORECASTS; PROJECT; IMPACT AB Climate models represent a large variety of processes on a variety of timescales and space scales, a canonical example of multi-physics multi-scale modeling. Current hardware trends, such as Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) and Many Integrated Core (MIC) chips, are based on, at best, marginal increases in clock speed, coupled with vast increases in concurrency, particularly at the fine grain. Multiphysics codes face particular challenges in achieving fine-grained concurrency, as different physics and dynamics components have different computational profiles, and universal solutions are hard to come by. We propose here one approach for multi-physics codes. These codes are typically structured as components interacting via software frameworks. The component structure of a typical Earth system model consists of a hierarchical and recursive tree of components, each representing a different climate process or dynamical system. This recursive structure generally encompasses a modest level of concurrency at the highest level (e.g., atmosphere and ocean on different processor sets) with serial organization underneath. We propose to extend concurrency much further by running more and more lower-and higher-level components in parallel with each other. Each component can further be parallelized on the fine grain, potentially offering a major increase in the scalability of Earth system models. We present here first results from this approach, called coarse-grained component concurrency, or CCC. Within the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Flexible Modeling System (FMS), the atmospheric radiative trans-fer component has been configured to run in parallel with a composite component consisting of every other atmospheric component, including the atmospheric dynamics and all other atmospheric physics components. We will explore the algorithmic challenges involved in such an approach, and present results from such simulations. Plans to achieve even greater levels of coarse-grained concurrency by extending this approach within other components, such as the ocean, will be discussed. C1 [Balaji, V.] Princeton Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Benson, Rusty; Wyman, Bruce; Held, Isaac] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Balaji, V (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM balaji@princeton.edu FU Cooperative Institute for Climate Science, Princeton University from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752]; Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace (LABEX-LIPSL) FX V. Balaji is supported by the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science, Princeton University, under award NA08OAR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Princeton University, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. He is grateful to the Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace (LABEX-LIPSL) for support in 2015 during which drafts of this paper were written. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PD OCT 11 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 10 BP 3605 EP 3616 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-3605-2016 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DY8NW UT WOS:000385388100001 ER PT J AU Sun, L Akgun, B Narayanan, S Jiang, Z Foster, MD AF Sun, Liang Akgun, Bulent Narayanan, Suresh Jiang, Zhang Foster, Mark D. TI Surface Fluctuations of Polymer Brushes Swollen in Good Solvent Vapor SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SILICA PARTICLES; WAVES; METHACRYLATE; DYNAMICS; STYRENE AB Swollen polymer brushes are found in various applications including biomedical coatings where the brush provides stability against harsh environmental conditions and mediates interactions with the surroundings. The surface height fluctuations of planar polystyrene brushes (0.04-0.61 chains/nm(2)) highly swollen in toluene vapor are so strongly slowed by the tethering of the chains that they are unobservable in the current experimental window of length and time. This is the case despite the fact that the segmental dynamics of the brush chains should be very fast due to the substantial plasticization by the solvent. With respect to thermally stimulated fluctuations, the surfaces of these swollen brushes are solidlike on time scales and length scales pertinent to many practical applications. C1 [Sun, Liang; Foster, Mark D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem, Istanbul, Turkey. [Narayanan, Suresh; Jiang, Zhang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Foster, MD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM mdf1@uakron.edu RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Bogazici University [B.U. 9080] FX This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. B.A. acknowledges partial support by the Bogazici University Research Fund (B.U. 9080). NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 11 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 19 BP 7308 EP 7313 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01081 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DY7UW UT WOS:000385335800020 ER PT J AU Vakhshouri, K Smith, BH Chan, EP Wang, CC Salleo, A Wang, C Hexemer, A Gomez, ED AF Vakhshouri, Kiarash Smith, Brandon H. Chan, Edwin P. Wang, Chenchen Salleo, Alberto Wang, Cheng Hexemer, Alexander Gomez, Enrique D. TI Signatures of Intracrystallite and Intercrystallite Limitations of Charge Transport in Polythiophenes SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYL-THIOPHENE) DIODES; WEIGHT-DEPENDENT MOBILITIES; SOLAR-CELL PERFORMANCE; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; SEMICRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; INTERCHAIN INTERACTIONS AB Charge carrier mobilities in conjugated semicrystalline polymers depend on morphological parameters such as crystallinity, crystal orientation, and connectivity between ordered regions. Despite recent progress in the development of conducting polymers, the complex interplay between the aforementioned parameters and their impact on charge transport is not fully understood. By varying the casting solvents and thermal annealing, we have systematically modulated the crystallization of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and poly[2,5-bis(3-hexadecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno(3,2-b)thiophene] (PBTTT) thin films to examine the role of microstructure on charge mobilities. In particular, we achieve equal crystallinities through different processing routes to examine the role of structural parameters beyond the crystallinity on charge mobilities. As expected, a universal relationship does not exist between the crystallinity in either P3HT and PBTTT active layers and the charge mobility in devices. In P3HT films, higher boiling point solvents yield longer conjugation lengths, an indicator of stronger intracrystalline order, and therefore higher device mobilities. In contrast, the charge mobilities of PBTTT devices depend on the interconnectivity between crystallites and intercrystalline order in the active layer. C1 [Vakhshouri, Kiarash; Smith, Brandon H.; Gomez, Enrique D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gomez, Enrique D.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chan, Edwin P.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Chenchen; Salleo, Alberto] Stanford Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wang, Cheng; Hexemer, Alexander] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94530 USA. RP Gomez, ED (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Gomez, ED (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM edg12@psu.edu RI Wang, Cheng/A-9815-2014 FU Center for Flexible Electronics at Penn State - Dow Chemical Company; NSF [DMR-1056199]; Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Duc T. Duong is gratefully acknowledged for assistance in analyzing absorption spectra. Major funding for this work was provided by the Center for Flexible Electronics at Penn State sponsored by The Dow Chemical Company and NSF under Grant DMR-1056199. The authors also acknowledge the support of the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 22 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 11 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 19 BP 7359 EP 7369 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01086 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DY7UW UT WOS:000385335800026 ER PT J AU Kim, G Swier, S Lee, HJ Wang, CQ AF Kim, Ginam Swier, Steven Lee, Hae-Jeong Wang, Chengqing TI Morphology Control of Poly(styrene-block-dimethylsiloxane) by Simple Blending with Trimethylsilylated Silicate Nanoparticles SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER PATTERNS; ORDERED POLYMER MELTS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; COPOLYMER/HOMOPOLYMER BLENDS; POLY(DIMETHYL SILOXANE); MICROPHASE SEPARATION; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; LAMELLAR DOMAINS AB Trimethylsilylated silicate nanoparticle (termed MQ resin, combining M Me3SiO1/2 and Q SiO4/2 units)/poly(styrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane) (PS-PDMS, 31K-15K, polydispersity PD = 1.15, weight-average molecular weight M-w = 45.5K) blends behave similarly to block copolymers with different PS/PDMS ratios. MQ is localized in the PDMS phase virtually extending the volume fraction in the block copolymer. This allows for microdomain morphology control beyond what can be achieved with the starting block copolymer. Synthesizing siloxane-containing block copolymers targeted at certain equilibrium morphologies can be time-consuming and in some cases technically challenging. This work shows that MQ is a robust morphology modifier, not limited by the occurrence of surface segregation and the high diffusion rates typically associated with homopolymer modification, as confirmed by looking at the PDMS/PS PDMS reference. The convenient and robust structure control MQ nanoparticle modification of PS-PDMS provides could overcome one of the hurdles to adoption of block copolymer lithography. C1 [Kim, Ginam; Swier, Steven] Dow Corning, Prod Dev, 2200 W Salzburg Rd, Midland, MI 48640 USA. [Lee, Hae-Jeong; Wang, Chengqing] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Ginam] Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Mat Res Ctr, Suwon, Kyounggi Do, South Korea. [Wang, Chengqing] KLA Tencor, 1 Technol Dr, Milpitas, CA USA. RP Swier, S (reprint author), Dow Corning, Prod Dev, 2200 W Salzburg Rd, Midland, MI 48640 USA. EM steven.swier@gmail.com NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 11 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 19 BP 7370 EP 7378 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01350 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DY7UW UT WOS:000385335800027 ER PT J AU Shelton, CK Jones, RL Dura, JA Epps, TH AF Shelton, Cameron K. Jones, Ronald L. Dura, Joseph A. Epps, Thomas H., III TI Tracking Solvent Distribution in Block Polymer Thin Films during Solvent Vapor Annealing with in Situ Neutron Scattering SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER FILMS; SELECTIVE SOLVENTS; MORPHOLOGY; POLYSTYRENE; NANOSTRUCTURES; REFLECTIVITY; ORIENTATION; CONFINEMENT; FABRICATION AB Herein, we employed in situ small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron reflectivity (NR) to elucidate the importance of polymer-solvent interactions on morphology development during solvent vapor annealing (SVA) of block polymer (BP) thin films. Judicious choice of nanostructure orientation (parallel to the substrate) permitted measurement of the preferential segregation of solvent (d(6)-benzene) into our cylinder-forming poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) (SIS) films. A distinguishing feature of this work is the simultaneous tracking of nanostructure evolution and solvent segregation, enabled through the combination of SANS (in-plane features), NR (out-of-plane features), and solvent deuteration, which directly related polymer-solvent interactions to morphology reorganization. We found that at higher d(6)-benzene partial pressures (p/p(sat)) the number of cylinder layers (domains) increased or decreased to accommodate overall film thickness changes upon swelling/deswelling, while the SIS domain spacing remained nearly constant. However, at lower p/p(sat) values, the SIS domain spacing changed to accommodate similar swelling/deswelling variations, while the number of layers remained invariant. The threshold for this p/p(sat) transition was directly related to plasticization of the polystyrene (PS) block, which has significant implications on the size of the domains, degree of ordering, and interfacial roughness. Thus, by linking polymer-solvent interactions to morphology evolution, we have developed an improved understanding of the interplay between the kinetic and thermodynamic effects that can direct the self-assembly and through-film periodicity of nanostructured thin films C1 [Shelton, Cameron K.; Epps, Thomas H., III] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Epps, Thomas H., III] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Jones, Ronald L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dura, Joseph A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Epps, TH (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.; Epps, TH (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM thepps@udel.edu RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X FU NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB12H239]; National Science Foundation [NSF DMR-1207041]; Delaware COBRE program; National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIGMS from the National Institutes of Health [1 P30 GM110758-01]; DANSE project [NSF DMR-0520547] FX This paper was prepared under cooperative agreement 70NANB12H239 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. This work also was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF DMR-1207041). The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NIST, the U.S. Department of Commerce, or the NSF. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, materials, suppliers, or software are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. We thank the UD W. M. Keck Microscopy Facility for use of the AFM. Use of the AFM in this project was supported partially by the Delaware COBRE program, with a grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIGMS (1 P30 GM110758-01) from the National Institutes of Health. This work benefitted from SasView software, originally developed by the DANSE project under NSF DMR-0520547. Additionally, we thank A. McDermott and B. Maranville for assistance with SANS and NR data collection, respectively. NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 20 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 11 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 19 BP 7525 EP 7534 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02046 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DY7UW UT WOS:000385335800042 ER PT J AU Merling, WL Mileski, JB Douglas, JF Simmons, DS AF Merling, Weston L. Mileski, Johnathon B. Douglas, Jack F. Simmons, David S. TI The Glass Transition of a Single Macromolecule SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID THIN POLYMER-FILMS; NANOSCALE CONFINEMENT; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; GLOBULE TRANSITION; INTERFACIAL ENERGY; FORMING POLYMERS; ULTRATHIN FILMS; CHAIN COLLAPSE; DYNAMICS AB We employ molecular simulations to show that a generic isolated macromolecule behaves as a glass-forming liquid in an extreme state of nano confinement. Specifically, its glass transition temperature T-g is strongly suppressed with respect to a corresponding bulk-state polymer, but adsorption onto an attractive substrate can reverse this effect. Results indicate that observations of bulklike T-g in individual nanoconfined systems can result from a "compensation point" between T-g enhancement and T-g suppression. In addition to their implications for the understanding of nanostructured synthetic materials, these results are also likely relevant to the dynamics of globular and adsorbed biological macromolecules. C1 [Merling, Weston L.; Mileski, Johnathon B.; Simmons, David S.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, 250 South Forge St, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simmons, DS (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, 250 South Forge St, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM dsimmon@uakron.edu OI Simmons, David/0000-0002-1436-9269 FU National Science Foundation [DMR1310433]; National Science Grant [OCI-1053575, DMR130011] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMR1310433. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Grant OCI-1053575 (XSEDE Grant DMR130011). NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 20 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 11 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 19 BP 7597 EP 7604 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01461 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DY7UW UT WOS:000385335800049 ER PT J AU Pomme, S Stroh, H Paepen, J Van Ammel, R Marouli, M Altzitzoglou, T Hult, M Kossert, K Nahle, O Schrader, H Juget, F Bailat, C Nedjadi, Y Bochud, F Buchillier, T Michotte, C Courte, S van Rooy, MW van Staden, MJ Lubbe, J Simpson, BRS Fazio, A De Felice, R Jackson, TW Van Wyngaardt, WM Reinhard, MI Golya, J Bourke, S Roy, T Galea, R Keightley, JD Ferreira, KM Collins, SM Ceccatelli, A Unterweger, M Fitzgerald, R Bergeron, DE Pibida, L Verheyen, L Bruggeman, M Vodenik, B Korun, M Chiste, V Amiot, MN AF Pomme, S. Stroh, H. Paepen, J. Van Ammel, R. Marouli, M. Altzitzoglou, T. Hult, M. Kossert, K. Naehle, O. Schrader, H. Juget, F. Bailat, C. Nedjadi, Y. Bochud, F. Buchillier, T. Michotte, C. Courte, S. van Rooy, M. W. van Staden, M. J. Lubbe, J. Simpson, B. R. S. Fazio, A. De Felice, R. Jackson, T. W. Van Wyngaardt, W. M. Reinhard, M. I. Golya, J. Bourke, S. Roy, T. Galea, R. Keightley, J. D. Ferreira, K. M. Collins, S. M. Ceccatelli, A. Unterweger, M. Fitzgerald, R. Bergeron, D. E. Pibida, L. Verheyen, L. Bruggeman, M. Vodenik, B. Korun, M. Chiste, V. Amiot, M. -N. TI Evidence against solar influence on nuclear decay constants SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Half-life; Decay constant; Uncertainty; Radioactivity; Sun; Neutrino ID PHYSIKALISCH-TECHNISCHE BUNDESANSTALT; HALF-LIFE; PRIMARY STANDARDIZATION; RADIONUCLIDE METROLOGY; IONIZATION CHAMBERS; UNCERTAINTY; RATES; SPECTROMETRY; RADIOACTIVITY; PERTURBATION AB The hypothesis that proximity to the Sun causes variation of decay constants at permille level has been tested and disproved. Repeated activity measurements of mono-radionuclide sources were performed over periods from 200 days up to four decades at 14 laboratories across the globe. Residuals from the exponential nuclear decay curves were inspected for annual oscillations. Systematic deviations from a purely exponential decay curve differ from one data set to another and are attributable to instabilities in the instrumentation and measurement conditions. The most stable activity measurements of alpha, beta-minus, electron capture, and beta-plus decaying sources set an upper limit of 0.0006% to 0.008% to the amplitude of annual oscillations in the decay rate. Oscillations in phase with Earth's orbital distance to the Sun could not be observed within a 10(-6) to 10(-5) range of precision. There are also no apparent modulations over periods of weeks or months. Consequently, there is no indication of a natural impediment against sub-permille accuracy in half-life determinations, renormalisation of activity to a distant reference date, application of nuclear dating for archaeology, geo-and cosmochronology, nor in establishing the SI unit becquerel and seeking international equivalence of activity standards. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pomme, S.; Stroh, H.; Paepen, J.; Van Ammel, R.; Marouli, M.; Altzitzoglou, T.; Hult, M.] European Commiss, JRC, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Kossert, K.; Naehle, O.; Schrader, H.] PTB, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Juget, F.; Bailat, C.; Nedjadi, Y.; Bochud, F.; Buchillier, T.] Lausanne IRA, Inst Radiophys, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Michotte, C.; Courte, S.] BIPM, Pavillon Breteuil, F-92310 Sevres, France. [van Rooy, M. W.; van Staden, M. J.; Lubbe, J.; Simpson, B. R. S.] Radioact Stand Lab NMISA, 15 Lower Hope Rd, ZA-7700 Cape Town, South Africa. [Fazio, A.; De Felice, R.] Casaccia Res Ctr, Natl Inst Ionizing Radiat Metrol ENEA, 301 SM Galeria,CP 2400, I-00100 Rome, AD, Italy. [Jackson, T. W.; Van Wyngaardt, W. M.; Reinhard, M. I.; Golya, J.; Bourke, S.] ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia. [Roy, T.; Galea, R.] Natl Res Council Canada NRC, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Keightley, J. D.; Ferreira, K. M.; Collins, S. M.] NPL, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 OLW, Middx, England. [Ceccatelli, A.] IAEA, Terr Environm Lab, IAEA Environm Labs, Dept Nucl Sci & Applicat,Vienna Int Ctr, POB 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Unterweger, M.; Fitzgerald, R.; Bergeron, D. E.; Pibida, L.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Verheyen, L.; Bruggeman, M.] Belgian Nucl Res Ctr SCK CEN, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Vodenik, B.; Korun, M.] JSI, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Chiste, V.; Amiot, M. -N.] CEA Saday, LNHB, LIST, CEA, Bat 602 PC 111, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Pomme, S (reprint author), European Commiss, JRC, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. EM stefaan.pomme@ec.europa.eu OI Pomme, Stefaan/0000-0001-5017-7451; Kossert, Karsten/0000-0003-0786-4832 FU SCOAP3 FX Funded by SCOAP3. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 10 PY 2016 VL 761 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2016.08.038 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA DX6CI UT WOS:000384469900042 PM 28057978 ER PT J AU Sinclair, LC Swann, WC Bergeron, H Baumann, E Cermak, M Coddington, I Deschenes, JD Giorgetta, FR Juarez, JC Khader, I Petrillo, KG Souza, KT Dennis, ML Newbury, NR AF Sinclair, Laura C. Swann, William C. Bergeron, Hugo Baumann, Esther Cermak, Michael Coddington, Ian Deschenes, Jean-Daniel Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Juarez, Juan C. Khader, Isaac Petrillo, Keith G. Souza, Katherine T. Dennis, Michael L. Newbury, Nathan R. TI Synchronization of clocks through 12 km of strongly turbulent air over a city SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUEST SPACE MISSION; ATOMIC CLOCKS; DARK-MATTER; TESTS; TIME AB We demonstrate real-time, femtosecond-level clock synchronization across a low-lying, strongly turbulent, 12-km horizontal air path by optical two-way time transfer. For this long horizontal free-space path, the integrated turbulence extends well into the strong turbulence regime corresponding to multiple scattering with a Rytov variance up to 7 and with the number of signal interruptions exceeding 100 per second. Nevertheless, optical two-way time transfer is used to synchronize a remote clock to a master clock with femtosecond-level agreement and with a relative time deviation dropping as low as a few hundred attoseconds. Synchronization is shown for a remote clock based on either an optical or microwave oscillator and using either tip-tilt or adaptive-optics free-space optical terminals. The performance is unaltered from optical two-way time transfer in weak turbulence across short links. These results confirm that the two-way reciprocity of the free-space time-of-flight is maintained both under strong turbulence and with the use of adaptive optics. The demonstrated robustness of optical two-way time transfer against strong turbulence and its compatibility with adaptive optics is encouraging for future femtosecond clock synchronization over very long distance ground-to-air free-space paths. C1 [Sinclair, Laura C.; Swann, William C.; Bergeron, Hugo; Baumann, Esther; Cermak, Michael; Coddington, Ian; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Khader, Isaac; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bergeron, Hugo; Deschenes, Jean-Daniel] Univ Laval, 2325 Rue Univ, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Juarez, Juan C.; Petrillo, Keith G.; Souza, Katherine T.; Dennis, Michael L.] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Sinclair, LC (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM laura.sinclair@nist.gov OI Khader, Isaac/0000-0002-8849-4388 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Defense Sciences Office PULSE program FX We acknowledge funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Defense Sciences Office PULSE program and helpful comments from Dave Howe, Kevin Cossel, and Marla Dowell. The views, opinions and/or findings expressed are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 10 PY 2016 VL 109 IS 15 AR 151104 DI 10.1063/1.4963130 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EA3VI UT WOS:000386534800004 ER PT J AU Punt, AE MacCall, AD Essington, TE Francis, TB Hurtado-Ferro, F Johnson, KF Kaplan, IC Koehn, LE Levin, PS Sydeman, WJ AF Punt, Andre E. MacCall, Alec D. Essington, Timothy E. Francis, Tessa B. Hurtado-Ferro, Felipe Johnson, Kelli F. Kaplan, Isaac C. Koehn, Laura E. Levin, Phillip S. Sydeman, William J. TI Exploring the implications of the harvest control rule for Pacific sardine, accounting for predator dynamics: A MICE model SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Northern anchovy; Brown pelican; California sea lion; California Current; Ecosystem based fisheries management; Harvest strategies; Management strategy evaluation; Pacific sardine ID MANAGEMENT STRATEGY EVALUATION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; STOCK ASSESSMENT; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; PELAGIC FISH; FORAGE FISH; ANCHOVY; FISHERIES; CLIMATE; ASSESSMENTS AB An ecosystem approach to forage fish management is required because forage fish support large fisheries, are prey for many valued species in marine food webs, and provide important social and cultural benefits to humans. Complex ecosystem models are often used to evaluate potential ecosystem consequences of forage fish fisheries, but there is seldom sufficient data to parameterize them, and full consideration of uncertainty is impossible. Models of Intermediate Complexity for Ecosystem assessment (MICE) provide a link between full ecosystem models and tactical (usually single-species) models typically used in fisheries management. MICE are ideal tools to form the basis for management strategy evaluations that compare the ability of candidate strategies to achieve goals related to target fisheries and broader ecosystem protection objectives. A MICE model is developed for the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) that focuses on the fishery for the northern subpopulation of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sajax) and the indirect impacts of the fishery on place-based predators, in particular brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) and California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), in the Southern California Bight. The model includes three forage species (sardine, northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, and 'other forage'), an 'other prey' category, and two predator species (brown pelican and California sea lion) and evaluates the impacts of variable forage availability on adult predator reproductive success and survival. Parameterization of the model is based on available monitoring data and assessment outputs. The model is used to assess the ecosystem and fishery consequences of the current sardine management systems for Mexico, the USA, and Canada, with a focus on identifying which among a long list of sources of uncertainty in the system are most consequential for predictions of fishery impacts on predators. Key sources of uncertainty to consider in ecosystem assessments for the CCE are how prey abundance and availability impact predator demography and the extent to which the dynamics of prey populations are driven by environmental factors. Data are available for some of these sources of uncertainty for CCE sardine management, but much uncertainty remains, necessitating exploration of sensitivity to alternative model formulations and parameter values when providing advice on management strategies to decision makers. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Punt, Andre E.; Essington, Timothy E.; Hurtado-Ferro, Felipe; Johnson, Kelli F.; Koehn, Laura E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [MacCall, Alec D.; Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, 101 H St,Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Francis, Tessa B.] Univ Washington Tacoma, Puget Sound Inst, Tacoma, WA 98421 USA. [Kaplan, Isaac C.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Punt, AE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aepunt@u.washington.edu FU Packard Foundation, through its Ocean Modelling Forum; NOAA's California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment; Pew Charitable Trusts; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Marisla Foundation; Pew Charitable Trusts (Ocean Science Division); Pew Charitable Trusts (Pew Forage Fish Conservation Initiative) FX The Packard Foundation, through its Ocean Modelling Forum, and NOAA's California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment project provided funding for TF, AP, and IK. LK and TE acknowledge funding from the Pew Charitable Trusts (Ocean Science Division and the Pew Forage Fish Conservation Initiative), and AM and WS acknowledge funding from the Pew Charitable Trusts, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and the Marisla Foundation. Frank Gress, Julie Thayer, Dan Anderson, and Laurie Harvey are thanked for providing the data on which Fig A.10 is based. Thanks to Richard Parrish (NMFS, Retired) for his insights into the fisheries for sardine and anchovy and for use of his unpublished model of sardine movement. The editor, Carryn de Moor, and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2016 VL 337 BP 79 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.06.004 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DV0EQ UT WOS:000382591200010 ER PT J AU Link, JS AF Link, Jason S. TI Adding rigor to ecological network models by evaluating a set of pre-balance diagnostics: A plea for PREBAL (vol 221, pg 1582, 2010) SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Correction DE Ecopath with Ecosystem; PREBAL; Vital rate diagnostics; Correction C1 [Link, Jason S.] NOAA NMFS, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Link, JS (reprint author), NOAA NMFS, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jason.link@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2016 VL 337 BP 348 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.06.012 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DV0EQ UT WOS:000382591200032 ER PT J AU Walsh, LA Weiland, C McCoy, AP Woicik, JC Lee, RTP Lysaght, P Hughes, G AF Walsh, Lee A. Weiland, Conan McCoy, Anthony P. Woicik, Joseph C. Lee, Rinus T. P. Lysaght, Pat Hughes, Greg TI Investigation of the thermal stability of Mo-In0.45Ga0.47As for applications as source/drain contacts SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OHMIC CONTACTS; N-INGAAS; TECHNOLOGY; MOSFET AB The electrical and chemical stability of Mo-InGaAs films for source-drain applications in transistor structures has been investigated. It was found that for 5 nm thick Mo films, the sheet resistance remains approximately constant with increasing anneal temperatures up to 500 degrees C. A combined hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis of the chemical structure of the Mo-InGaAs alloy system as a function of annealing temperature showed that the interface is chemically abrupt with no evidence of inter-diffusion between the Mo and InGaAs layers. These results indicate the suitability of Mo as a thermally stable, low resistance source-drain contact metal for InGaAs-channel devices. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Walsh, Lee A.; McCoy, Anthony P.; Hughes, Greg] Dublin City Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Weiland, Conan; Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Rinus T. P.; Lysaght, Pat] SEMATECH, 257 Fuller Rd,Suite 2200, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Walsh, LA (reprint author), Dublin City Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. FU Dublin City University of SFI [SFI/09/IN.1/I2633]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors from Dublin City University acknowledge the financial support of SFI under Grant No. SFI/09/IN.1/I2633. The use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Additional support was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 7 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 13 AR 135303 DI 10.1063/1.4964251 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DZ8XE UT WOS:000386155100035 ER PT J AU Lombardi, MA Novick, AN Neville-Neil, G Cooke, B AF Lombardi, Michael A. Novick, Andrew N. Neville-Neil, George Cooke, Ben TI Accurate, Traceable, and Verifiable Time Synchronization for World Financial Markets SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stock market; synchronization; time transfer; traceability ID FREQUENCY; RADIO; ALGORITHM; SERVICE; NETWORK; DELAY AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), through a collaboration with Perseus, a global provider of telecommunication services, is providing accurate, traceable, and verifiable time synchronization to stock exchanges in the United States, Europe, and Asia. The paper describes why accurate time is necessary for fair and equitable financial markets and summarizes current and proposed future synchronization requirements in the financial sector. We discuss reference time sources and provide a technical overview of how NIST transfers time to data center hosted stock exchange. We also discuss how Perseus distributes NIST time to financial market customers and describes how the time is verified. Measurement data are presented, along with a discussion of measurement uncertainty. C1 [Lombardi, Michael A.; Novick, Andrew N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Neville-Neil, George] Perseus, New York, NY 10007 USA. [Cooke, Ben] Perseus, Galway, Ireland. RP Lombardi, MA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lombardi@nist.gov; novick@nist.gov; gnn@perseus.co; bcooke@perseus.co NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD OCT 7 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 436 EP 463 DI 10.6028/jres.121.023 PG 28 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EA5DL UT WOS:000386639500001 ER PT J AU McBride, RS Ferreri, R Towle, EK Boucher, JM Basilone, G AF McBride, Richard S. Ferreri, Rosalie Towle, Emilee K. Boucher, Jason M. Basilone, Gualtiero TI Yolked Oocyte Dynamics Support Agreement between Determinate- and Indeterminate-Method Estimates of Annual Fecundity for a Northeastern United States Population of American Shad SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; CONNECTICUT RIVER; BATCH FECUNDITY; WINTER FLOUNDER; MATURITY; ATRESIA; VALIDATION; FISHES; GROWTH AB Reports of American shad fecundity identify two important themes regarding egg production in fishes. First, geographic variation occurs and is biologically meaningful. Shad annual fecundity decreases with increasing latitude, but predicted lifetime fecundity does not, because of a counter-gradient of survival probability, all of which can explain the adaptive significance of natal homing. Second, the appropriate method of measuring fecundity depends on the pattern of oocyte development. Historically, the relatively simple determinate- fecundity method was used; however, a recent study in a Virginia river indicates that this method may be biased, requiring the more complicated indeterminate method. We address both themes with collections from the 2015 shad spawning run in the Connecticut River, USA. Criteria for using a determinate method were satisfied for this northern population: 1) a size gap evident in the oocyte size frequency distribution, indicating group-synchronous development of yolked oocytes; 2) a decline, early in spawning, in the standing stock of yolked oocytes; and 3) low levels of atresia at the end of spawning. The determinate- method estimate of American shad annual (2015) fecundity (303,000+/-73,400; mean +/- sd) overlapped historic estimates for this and a neighboring river. The indeterminate-method estimate of annual (2015) fecundity (311,500+/-4,500 sd) was not significantly different from the determinate-method estimate (Student's t-test, P > 0.05). In contrast, indeterminate- method estimates of annual fecundity for a Virginia population were twice as high as that measured by the determinate method in the past. This can all be explained by fundamentally different patterns of oogenesis (i.e., group synchrony versus asynchrony with respect to yolk development) at different latitudes. American shad, which is distributed within its native range from the Canadian maritimes to Florida, USA (50+/-30 degrees N), may be particularly well suited to evaluate intra-specific variation in oocyte development, a relatively unexplored life history trait. C1 [McBride, Richard S.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Ferreri, Rosalie; Basilone, Gualtiero] Inst Coastal Marine Environm Natl Res Council IAM, Detached Units Capo Granitola, Campobello Di Mazara, TP, Italy. [Towle, Emilee K.; Boucher, Jason M.] NOAA Fisheries Affiliates, Contract Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Ferreri, R (reprint author), Inst Coastal Marine Environm Natl Res Council IAM, Detached Units Capo Granitola, Campobello Di Mazara, TP, Italy. EM rosalia.ferreri@iamc.cnr.it RI Basilone, Gualtiero/D-2896-2017; Boucher, Jason/D-9395-2017 OI Basilone, Gualtiero/0000-0002-5732-5055; Boucher, Jason/0000-0002-4984-7275 FU Habitat Conservation Program at NOAA Fisheries' Great Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office; RITMARE Project; Italian Ministry MIUR FX This research was made possible by a grant from the Habitat Conservation Program at NOAA Fisheries' Great Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office. Cooperation between IAMC-CNR and NOAA Fisheries was supported by the RITMARE Project, funded by the Italian Ministry MIUR. Funders provided support in the form of salaries [EKT, JMB] or travel funds [RF, GB], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. However, a proposal was submitted to NOAA prior to the research, making them aware of research methods and designs. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 7 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0164203 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0164203 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ2UW UT WOS:000385698100033 PM 27716845 ER PT J AU Lee, AC Smith, J Richerme, P Neyenhuis, B Hess, PW Zhang, J Monroe, C AF Lee, A. C. Smith, J. Richerme, P. Neyenhuis, B. Hess, P. W. Zhang, J. Monroe, C. TI Engineering large Stark shifts for control of individual clock state qubits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; QUANTUM SIMULATOR; RANGE INTERACTIONS; SYSTEM; ENTANGLEMENT; PROPAGATION; TRANSITION AB In quantum information science, the external control of qubits must be balanced with the extreme isolation of the qubits from the environment. Atomic qubit systems typically mitigate this balance through the use of gated laser fields that can create superpositions and entanglement between qubits. Here we propose the use of high-order optical Stark shifts from optical fields to manipulate the splitting of atomic qubits that are insensitive to other types of fields. We demonstrate a fourth-order ac Stark shift in a trapped atomic ion system that does not require extra laser power beyond that needed for other control fields. We individually address a chain of tightly spaced trapped ions and show how these controlled shifts can produce an arbitrary product state of 10 ions as well as generate site-specific magnetic field terms in a simulated spin Hamiltonian. C1 [Lee, A. C.; Smith, J.; Neyenhuis, B.; Hess, P. W.; Zhang, J.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, A. C.; Smith, J.; Neyenhuis, B.; Hess, P. W.; Zhang, J.; Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Richerme, P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Neyenhuis, B.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. RP Lee, AC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Lee, AC (reprint author), NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU ARO Atomic and Molecular Physics Program; AFOSR MURI on Quantum Measurement and Verification; IARPA LogiQ program; ARL Center for Distributed Quantum Information; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI FX This work is supported by the ARO Atomic and Molecular Physics Program, the AFOSR MURI on Quantum Measurement and Verification, the IARPA LogiQ program, the ARL Center for Distributed Quantum Information, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 7 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 4 AR 042308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.042308 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DY6LW UT WOS:000385239800002 ER PT J AU Munoz, AG Thomson, MC Goddard, L Aldighieri, S AF Munoz, Angel G. Thomson, Madeleine C. Goddard, Lisa Aldighieri, Sylvain TI Analyzing climate variations at multiple timescales can guide Zika virus response measures SO GIGASCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Zika virus; Epidemic; Climate; Climate change; Decadal; Inter-annual; El Nino; Brazil; Drought; Vector control ID AMERICA; RISK; ALBOPICTUS; DENGUE AB Background: The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2014-2016 occurred during a period of severe drought and unusually high temperatures, conditions that have been associated with the 2015-2016 El Nino event, and/or climate change; however, no quantitative assessment has been made to date. Analysis of related flaviviruses transmitted by the same vectors suggests that ZIKV dynamics are sensitive to climate seasonality and longer-term variability and trends. A better understanding of the climate conditions conducive to the 2014-2016 epidemic may permit the development of climate-informed short and long-term strategies for ZIKV prevention and control. Results: Using a novel timescale-decomposition methodology, we demonstrate that the extreme climate anomalies observed in most parts of South America during the current epidemic are not caused exclusively by El Nino or climate change, but by a combination of climate signals acting at multiple timescales. In Brazil, the dry conditions present in 2013-2015 are primarily explained by year-to-year variability superimposed on decadal variability, but with little contribution of long-term trends. In contrast, the warm temperatures of 2014-2015 resulted from the compound effect of climate change, decadal and year-to-year climate variability. Conclusions: ZIKV response strategies made in Brazil during the drought concurrent with the 2015-2016 El Nino event, may require revision in light of the likely return of rainfall associated with the borderline La Nina event expected in 2016-2017. Temperatures are likely to remain warm given the importance of long term and decadal scale climate signals. C1 [Munoz, Angel G.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Forrestal Campus Forrestal Rd 201, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Munoz, Angel G.; Thomson, Madeleine C.; Goddard, Lisa] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Munoz, Angel G.] Univ Zulia, Ctr Modelado Cient, Latin Amer Observ Climate Events, Maracaibo, Venezuela. [Thomson, Madeleine C.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY USA. [Thomson, Madeleine C.] World Hlth Org Collaborating Ctr Early Warning Sy, New York, NY USA. [Aldighieri, Sylvain] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Int Hlth Regulat Epidem Alert & Response, Washington, DC USA. [Aldighieri, Sylvain] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Water Borne Dis Communicable Dis & Hlth Anal Dept, Washington, DC USA. RP Munoz, AG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Forrestal Campus Forrestal Rd 201, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Munoz, AG (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA.; Munoz, AG (reprint author), Univ Zulia, Ctr Modelado Cient, Latin Amer Observ Climate Events, Maracaibo, Venezuela. EM angel.g.munoz@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under National Earth System Prediction Capability FX AGM was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, under the auspices of the National Earth System Prediction Capability. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 30 U2 30 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2047-217X J9 GIGASCIENCE JI GigaScience PD OCT 6 PY 2016 VL 5 AR 41 DI 10.1186/s13742-016-0146-1 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DY6TT UT WOS:000385261900001 PM 27716414 ER PT J AU Suzuki, T Singh, R Bayer, M Ludwig, A Wieck, AD Cundiff, ST AF Suzuki, Takeshi Singh, Rohan Bayer, Manfred Ludwig, Arne Wieck, Andreas D. Cundiff, Steven T. TI Coherent Control of the Exciton-Biexciton System in an InAs Self-Assembled Quantum Dot Ensemble SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Coherent control of a strongly inhomogeneously broadened system, namely, InAs self-assembled quantum dots, is demonstrated. To circumvent the deleterious effects of the inhomogeneous broadening, which usually masks the results of coherent manipulation, we use prepulse two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy to provide a size-selective readout of the ground, exciton, and biexciton states. The dependence on the timing of the prepulse is due to the dynamics of the coherently generated populations. To further validate the results, we performed prepulse polarization dependent measurements and confirmed the behavior expected from selection rules. All measured spectra can be excellently reproduced by solving the optical Bloch equations for a 4-level system. C1 [Suzuki, Takeshi; Singh, Rohan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Suzuki, Takeshi; Singh, Rohan; Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Suzuki, Takeshi; Singh, Rohan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bayer, Manfred] Tech Univ Dortmund, Expt Phys 2, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Ludwig, Arne; Wieck, Andreas D.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Angew Festkoerperphys, Univ Str 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Suzuki, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Suzuki, T (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Suzuki, T (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Wieck, Andreas Dirk/C-5129-2009 OI Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922 FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-02ER15346]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); DFG [TRR160 Z1]; BMBF [Q.com-H 16KIS0109]; DFH/UFA [CDFA-05-06]; Mercur [Pr-2013-0001] FX The work at JILA was primarily supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-FG02-02ER15346. T. S. acknowledges support by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). A. D. W. gratefully acknowledges support of Mercur Pr-2013-0001, DFG-TRR160 Z1, BMBF-Q.com-H 16KIS0109, and the DFH/UFA CDFA-05-06. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2016 VL 117 IS 15 AR 157402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.157402 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DY7XD UT WOS:000385341700007 PM 27768374 ER PT J AU Powell, CJ Werner, WSM Shard, AG Castner, DG AF Powell, C. J. Werner, W. S. M. Shard, A. G. Castner, D. G. TI Evaluation of Two Methods for Determining Shell Thicknesses of Core-Shell Nanoparticles by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE ATTENUATION LENGTHS; AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; XPS; CATALYSTS; INTENSITIES; SIMULATION; SPECTRA; SILICON; TOOL AB We evaluated two methods for determining shell thicknesses of core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. One of these methods had been developed for determining thicknesses of films on a planar substrate while the other was developed specifically for NPs. Our evaluations were based on simulated Cu 2p(3/2) spectra from Cu-core/Cu-shell NPs with a wide range of core diameters and shell thicknesses. Copper was chosen for our tests because elastic-scattering effects for Cu 2p(3/2) photoelectrons excited by Al K alpha X-rays are known to be strong. Elastic scattering could also be switched off in our simulations so that the two methods could be evaluated in the limit of no elastic scattering. We found that the first method, based on both core and shell photoelectron intensities, was unsatisfactory for all conditions. The second method, based on an empirical equation for NPs developed by Shard, also utilized both core and shell photoelectron intensities and was found to be satisfactory for all conditions. The average deviation between shell thicknesses derived from the Shard equation and the true values was -4.1% when elastic scattering was switched on and -2.2% when elastic scattering was switched off If elastic scattering was switched on, the effective attenuation length for a Cu film on a planar substrate was the appropriate length parameter while the inelastic mean free path was the appropriate parameter when elastic scattering was switched off. C1 [Powell, C. J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Werner, W. S. M.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Appl Phys, Wiedner Hauptstr 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Shard, A. G.] Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Castner, D. G.] Univ Washington, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Castner, D. G.] Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov FU European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR), InNanoPart [14IND12]; European Union; EMPIR; National Institutes of Health [EB-002027] FX W.S.M.W. and A.G.S. acknowledge support from the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) as part of the InNanoPart 14IND12 project. The EMPIR initiative is cofunded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and by the EMPIR participating states. D.G.C. acknowledges support from the National Institutes of Health through grant EB-002027 to the National ESCA & Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD OCT 6 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 39 BP 22730 EP 22738 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b07588 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DY2YX UT WOS:000384959100068 PM 28138350 ER PT J AU Schwietzke, S Sherwood, OA Ruhwiler, LMPB Miller, JB Etiope, G Dlugokencky, EJ Michel, SE Arling, VA Vaughn, BH White, JWC Tans, PP AF Schwietzke, Stefan Sherwood, Owen A. Ruhwiler, Lori M. P. B. Miller, John B. Etiope, Giuseppe Dlugokencky, Edward J. Michel, Sylvia Englund Arling, Victoria A. Vaughn, Bruce H. White, James W. C. Tans, Pieter P. TI Upward revision of global fossil fuel methane emissions based on isotope database SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; NATURAL-GAS; FRACTION; ETHANE AB Methane has the second-largest global radiative forcing impact of anthropogenic greenhouse gases after carbon dioxide, but our understanding of the global atmospheric methane budget is incomplete. The global fossil fuel industry (production and usage of natural gas, oil and coal) is thought to contribute 15 to 22 per cent of methane emissions(1-10) to the total atmospheric methane budget(11). However, questions remain regarding methane emission trends as a result of fossil fuel industrial activity and the contribution to total methane emissions of sources from the fossil fuel industry and from natural geological seepage(12,13), which are often co-located. Here we re-evaluate the global methane budget and the contribution of the fossil fuel industry to methane emissions based on long-term global methane and methane carbon isotope records. We compile the largest isotopic methane source signature database so far, including fossil fuel, microbial and biomass-burning methane emission sources. We find that total fossil fuel methane emissions (fossil fuel industry plus natural geological seepage) are not increasing over time, but are 60 to 110 per cent greater than current estimates(1-10) owing to large revisions in isotope source signatures. We show that this is consistent with the observed global latitudinal methane gradient. After accounting for natural geological methane seepage(12,13), we find that methane emissions from natural gas, oil and coal production and their usage are 20 to 60 per cent greater than inventories(1,2). Our findings imply a greater potential for the fossil fuel industry to mitigate anthropogenic climate forcing, but we also find that methane emissions from natural gas as a fraction of production have declined from approximately 8 per cent to approximately 2 per cent over the past three decades. C1 [Schwietzke, Stefan; Miller, John B.; Arling, Victoria A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schwietzke, Stefan; Ruhwiler, Lori M. P. B.; Miller, John B.; Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Arling, Victoria A.; Tans, Pieter P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sherwood, Owen A.; Michel, Sylvia Englund; Vaughn, Bruce H.; White, James W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Etiope, Giuseppe] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Roma 2, Rome, Italy. [Etiope, Giuseppe] Univ Babes Bolyai, Fac Environm Sci & Engn, Cluj Napoca, Romania. RP Schwietzke, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Schwietzke, S (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stefan.schwietzke@noaa.gov RI White, James/A-7845-2009; OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; SCHWIETZKE, STEFAN/0000-0002-1836-8968 FU National Research Council RAP fellowship; CIRES IRP grant FX We thank J. Randerson, K. Johnson, A. Cole, C. Itle, T. Wirth, T. Capehart, S. Montzka, and R. Klusman for comments and discussions. We acknowledge M. Schoell and A. Ionescu for contributing delta13Csource data. This research was supported by a National Research Council RAP fellowship and a CIRES IRP grant. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 56 U2 56 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 6 PY 2016 VL 538 IS 7623 BP 88 EP 91 DI 10.1038/nature19797 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DX8LD UT WOS:000384638900039 PM 27708291 ER PT J AU Liu, XM Wang, MH AF Liu, Xiaoming Wang, Menghua TI Analysis of ocean diurnal variations from the Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager measurements using the DINEOF method SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GOCI; Ocean color; EOF; DINEOF; K-d(490); Tide ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EAST CHINA SEA; COASTAL WATERS; INFRARED BANDS; REFLECTANCE; MODIS; PRODUCTS; TIDES; RECONSTRUCTION AB High-frequency images of the water diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm (K-d(490)) derived from the Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) provide a unique opportunity to study diurnal variation of water turbidity in coastal regions of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea. However, there are many missing pixels in the original GOCI-derived K-d(490) images due to clouds and various other reasons. Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Function (DINEOF) is a method to reconstruct missing data in geophysical datasets based on the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). It utilizes both temporal and spatial coherencies of data to infer a solution at the missing locations. In this study, the DINEOF is applied to GOCI-derived K-d(490) data in the Yangtze River mouth and the Yellow River mouth regions, and the DINEOF reconstructed K-d(490) data are used to fill in the missing pixels. In fact, DINEOF has been used to fill in gaps in ocean color chlorophyll-a and turbidity data from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) in previous studies. Our GOCI validation results show that the bias between the reconstructed data and the original K-d(490) value is quite small (2 across loci on different chromosomes. RKW was supported by the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund under Projects 44714 and 44812 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, administered by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. WAL was supported by the H Mason Keeler Endowment for Excellence and a US National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (grant # DGE-0718124). NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X EI 1365-2540 J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD OCT PY 2016 VL 117 IS 4 SI SI BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1038/hdy.2016.60 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DW5ST UT WOS:000383707900006 PM 27553452 ER PT J AU Waples, RS AF Waples, R. S. TI Life-history traits and effective population size in species with overlapping generations revisited: the importance of adult mortality SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENETIC DRIFT; RATIO; AGE; FECUNDITY; NUMBERS AB The relationship between life-history traits and the key eco-evolutionary parameters effective population size (N-e) and N-e/N is revisited for iteroparous species with overlapping generations, with a focus on the annual rate of adult mortality (d). Analytical methods based on populations with arbitrarily long adult lifespans are used to evaluate the influence of d on N-e, N-e/N and the factors that determine these parameters: adult abundance (N), generation length (T), age at maturity (alpha), the ratio of variance to mean reproductive success in one season by individuals of the same age (phi) and lifetime variance in reproductive success of individuals in a cohort (V-k center dot). Although the resulting estimators of N, T and V-k center dot are upwardly biased for species with short adult lifespans, the estimate of N-e/N is largely unbiased because biases in T are compensated for by biases in V-k center dot and N. For the first time, the contrasting effects of T and V-k center dot on Ne and N-e/N are jointly considered with respect to d and.. A simple function of d and a based on the assumption of constant vital rates is shown to be a robust predictor (R-2 = 0.78) of N-e/N in an empirical data set of life tables for 63 animal and plant species with diverse life histories. Results presented here should provide important context for interpreting the surge of genetically based estimates of N-e that has been fueled by the genomics revolution. C1 [Waples, R. S.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X EI 1365-2540 J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD OCT PY 2016 VL 117 IS 4 SI SI BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1038/hdy.2016.29 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DW5ST UT WOS:000383707900007 PM 27273324 ER PT J AU Coscia, I Chopelet, J Waples, RS Mann, BQ Mariani, S AF Coscia, I. Chopelet, J. Waples, R. S. Mann, B. Q. Mariani, S. TI Sex change and effective population size: implications for population genetic studies in marine fish SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; CHRYSOBLEPHUS-PUNICEUS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; NULL ALLELES; SOUTH-AFRICA; SPARIDAE; EVOLUTION; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION AB Large variance in reproductive success is the primary factor that reduces effective population size (Ne) in natural populations. In sequentially hermaphroditic (sex-changing) fish, the sex ratio is typically skewed and biased towards the 'first' sex, while reproductive success increases considerably after sex change. Therefore, sex-changing fish populations are theoretically expected to have lower Ne than gonochorists (separate sexes), assuming all other parameters are essentially equal. In this study, we estimate N-e from genetic data collected from two ecologically similar species living along the eastern coast of South Africa: one gonochoristic, the 'santer' sea bream Cheimerius nufar, and one protogynous (female-first) sex changer, the 'slinger' sea bream Chrysoblephus puniceus. For both species, no evidence of genetic structuring, nor significant variation in genetic diversity, was found in the study area. Estimates of contemporary N-e were significantly lower in the protogynous species, but the same pattern was not apparent over historical timescales. Overall, our results show that sequential hermaphroditism may affect N-e differently over varying time frames, and that demographic signatures inferred from genetic markers with different inheritance modes also need to be interpreted cautiously, in relation to sex-changing life histories. C1 [Coscia, I.] Univ Leuven KU Leuven, Lab Biodivers & Evolutionary Gen, Leuven, Belgium. [Chopelet, J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin, Ireland. [Waples, R. S.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Mann, B. Q.] Oceanog Res Inst, Durban, South Africa. [Mariani, S.] Univ Salford, Ecosyst & Environm Res Ctr, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. [Mariani, S.] Univ Salford, Ecosyst & Environm Res Ctr, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Peel Bldg,Salford Crescent, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. RP Mariani, S (reprint author), Univ Salford, Ecosyst & Environm Res Ctr, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England.; Mariani, S (reprint author), Univ Salford, Ecosyst & Environm Res Ctr, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Peel Bldg,Salford Crescent, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. EM s.mariani@salford.ac.uk RI Mariani, Stefano/A-2964-2012 OI Mariani, Stefano/0000-0002-5329-0553 FU Science Foundation Ireland FX This study is part of a project funded by Science Foundation Ireland. We are grateful to all the fishermen of the KwaZulu-Natal coast and the staff at the Oceanographic Research Institute, who helped with sampling. The authors are grateful to Allan McDevitt for help with data analysis and for his insightful comments on the manuscript. The paper was improved through the suggestions of the associate editor and three reviewers. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X EI 1365-2540 J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD OCT PY 2016 VL 117 IS 4 SI SI BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1038/hdy.2016.50 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DW5ST UT WOS:000383707900008 PM 27507184 ER PT J AU Johnson, J Bird, CE Johnston, MA Fogg, AQ Hogan, JD AF Johnson, John Bird, Christopher E. Johnston, Michelle A. Fogg, Alexander Q. Hogan, J. Derek TI Regional genetic structure and genetic founder effects in the invasive lionfish: comparing the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and North Atlantic SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN ATLANTIC; WESTERN ATLANTIC; MICROSATELLITE; POPULATIONS; FISHES; OCEAN AB Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans and P. miles) recently invaded Western Atlantic waters, rapidly spreading through the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Previous genetic analyses using the mitochondrial d-loop determined that populations in the Western North Atlantic (NA) region have up to nine haplotypes, whereas Caribbean populations contain four of the North Atlantic haplotypes. The genetic composition of GoM populations, reported here for the first time, could lend insight into the pathway of dispersal into the GoM and better understanding of the biogeography of this recent invader. Here, we determined the genetic composition of lionfish throughout the GoM and compared haplotype composition to Caribbean and North Atlantic regions. We found that GoM samples contained only three d-loop haplotypes that are common in the Caribbean and North Atlantic. The genetic structure differed significantly among the three regions (AMOVA: Phi(CT) = 0.062; p = 0.001), but we found no differences between locations within regions (AMOVA: Phi(SC) = 0.005; p = 0.092). The composition of GoM samples most closely matches the composition of Caribbean samples indicating that Caribbean populations are the likely source of the GoM populations. As each region was successively invaded, a drop in haplotype diversity and changes in haplotype frequencies occurred indicating dispersal limitation across basin boundaries and founder effects within each basin. The lack of differentiation within regions indicates rapid population growth and unfettered dispersal within basins after initial colonization. We find no evidence of secondary invasions within samples. With well-established populations, the probability of detecting a secondary invasion is minuscule. C1 [Johnson, John; Bird, Christopher E.; Hogan, J. Derek] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Johnston, Michelle A.] Flower Garden Banks Natl Marine Sanctuary, 4700 Ave U,Bldg 216, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. [Fogg, Alexander Q.] Univ Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Dept Coastal Sci, 703 East Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Fogg, Alexander Q.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 620 South Meridian St,Box 4B2, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Johnson, J (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM jjohnson31@islander.tamucc.edu FU Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi FX This study was funded by start up funds provided to JDH by Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 163 IS 10 AR 216 DI 10.1007/s00227-016-2981-0 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EA1MJ UT WOS:000386356100020 ER PT J AU Barjenbruch, K Werner, CM Graham, R Oppermann, C Blackwelder, G Williams, J Merrill, G Jensen, S Connolly, J AF Barjenbruch, Kevin Werner, Carol M. Graham, Randall Oppermann, Cody Blackwelder, Glenn Williams, Jeff Merrill, Glen Jensen, Scott Connolly, Justin TI Drivers' Awareness of and Response to Two Significant Winter Storms Impacting a Metropolitan Area in the Intermountain West: Implications for Improving Traffic Flow in Inclement Weather SO Weather Climate and Society LA English DT Article ID FATALITIES; COLLISIONS; INJURIES AB Over the past several decades, Utah has experienced rapid population growth, resulting in increased demand on Utah's existing interstate and arterial infrastructure. In the Salt Lake City, Utah, metropolitan area, recurring traffic congestion (i.e., peak commute times) and nonrecurring congestion (weather related) result in an estimated average annual cost of $449 million. Recent Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) studies have confirmed that inclement weather plays a significant role in nonrecurring congestion and associated negative impacts. In an effort to measure and potentially mitigate weather-related traffic congestion, a cooperative research study between academic (University of Utah), state [Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT)], federal (National Weather Service), and private sector (Weathernet) entities was undertaken. Driver awareness surveys were conducted for two significant winter storms along the Wasatch Front urban corridor. Participants typically used media and personal sources for gathering weather and road information, with government sources (UDOT and NWS) used less frequently. Use of government and personal sources were significant predictors of behavior change. Satisfaction with all information sources was high. The most frequent commuting changes reported were route changes and shifts in travel schedule, especially leaving early to avoid the storm. Self-reported actions from interviewees were supported by measured changes in speed, flow, and travel time from the Performance Measurement System (PeMS) utilized by UDOT. The long-term goal is to use these results to provide insight into how the weather enterprise might more effectively communicate hazard information to the public in a manner that leads to improved response (change travel times, modes, etc.). C1 [Barjenbruch, Kevin; Graham, Randall; Merrill, Glen] Natl Weather Serv, 2242 West North Temple, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Werner, Carol M.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Oppermann, Cody; Blackwelder, Glenn; Williams, Jeff] Utah Dept Transportat, Traff Operat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Jensen, Scott; Connolly, Justin] Weathernet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Barjenbruch, K (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 2242 West North Temple, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. EM kevin.barjenbruch@noaa.gov FU COMET Program, a part of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), UCAR Award [Z10-83388]; Utah Department of Transportation; University of Utah FX This research was supported by a grant from the COMET Program, a part of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), UCAR Award Z10-83388, with additional funding from the Utah Department of Transportation and the University of Utah. The research described in this article does not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies. We thank the personnel at PEGUS Research Inc. for administering the surveys, and Michael Hollingshaus, Ken R. Smith, Ph.D., and Karl Jennings at the University of Utah for assistance with data preparation and analysis. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments. The authors also acknowledge the Weather and Society* Integrated Studies road weather project team for the origination of this effort and for contributions during the early stages of the project. We especially thank the broadcast meteorologists from the local network affiliates in the study area for generously sharing their broadcast videos for analyses. Their support of this research is appreciated. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1948-8327 EI 1948-8335 J9 WEATHER CLIM SOC JI Weather Clim. Soc. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 8 IS 4 BP 475 EP 491 DI 10.1175/WCAS-D-16-0017.1 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED8OJ UT WOS:000389130500013 ER PT J AU Syzranov, SV Gurarie, V Radzihovsky, L AF Syzranov, S. V. Gurarie, V. Radzihovsky, L. TI Multifractality at non-Anderson disorder-driven transitions in Weyl semimetals and other systems SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Anderson localisation; Weyl semimetals; Multifractality; Renormalisation group ID GROSS-NEVEU MODEL; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; BETA-FUNCTION; DEGENERATE SEMICONDUCTORS; STATISTICS AB Systems with the power-law quasiparticle dispersion is an element of(k) alpha K-alpha exhibit non-Anderson disorder-driven transitions in dimensions d > 2 alpha, as exemplified by Weyl semimetals, 1D and 2D arrays of ultracold ions with long-range interactions, quantum kicked rotors, and semiconductor models in high dimensions. We study the wavefunction structure in such systems and demonstrate that at these transitions they exhibit fractal behaviour with an infinite set of multifractal exponents. The multifractality persists even when the wavefunction localisation is forbidden by symmetry or topology and occurs as a result of elastic scattering between all momentum states in the band on length scales shorter than the mean free path. We calculate explicitly the multifractal spectra in semiconductors and Weyl semimetals using one-loop and two-loop renormalisation-group approaches slightly above the marginal dimension d = 2 alpha. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Syzranov, S. V.; Gurarie, V.; Radzihovsky, L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Syzranov, S. V.; Gurarie, V.; Radzihovsky, L.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Radzihovsky, L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Syzranov, SV (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sergey.syzranov@googlemail.com FU NSF [DMR-1001240, DMR-1205303, PHY-1211914, PHY-1125844]; Simons Investigator award of the Simons Foundation FX We are grateful to A.W.W. Ludwig for useful motivating discussions at the initial stages of this work and to P.M. Ostrovsky for previous collaboration. Also, we thank M.S. Foster for valuable discussions. Our work was financially supported by the NSF grants DMR-1001240 (LR and SVS), DMR-1205303 (VG and SVS), PHY-1211914 (VG and SVS), PHY-1125844 (SVS) and by the Simons Investigator award of the Simons Foundation (LR). NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 EI 1096-035X J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 373 BP 694 EP 706 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2016.08.012 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EB9RJ UT WOS:000387734500044 ER PT J AU Parampil, SR Bharathraj, GN Harrison, M Sengupta, D AF Parampil, Sindu Raj Bharathraj, G. N. Harrison, Matthew Sengupta, Debasis TI Observed subseasonal variability of heat flux and the SST response of the tropical Indian Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE subseasonal variability; tropical Indian Ocean; heat flux; AIRS; intraseasonal; SatFlux ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MOIST THERMODYNAMIC STRUCTURE; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; WESTERN PACIFIC; SUMMER MONSOON; MIXED-LAYER; ARABIAN SEA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE AB We develop an experimental daily surface heat flux data set based on satellite observations to study subseasonal variability (periods shorter than 90 days) in the tropical Indian Ocean. We use incoming shortwave and longwave radiation from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project, and sea surface temperature (SST) from microwave sensors, to estimate net radiative flux. Latent and sensible heat fluxes are estimated from scatterometer winds and near-surface air temperature and specific humidity from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) observations calibrated to buoy data. Seasonal biases in net heat flux are generally within 10 W m(-2) of estimates from moorings, and the phases and amplitudes of subseasonal variability of heat fluxes are realistic. We find that the contribution of subseasonal changes in air-sea humidity gradients to latent heat flux equals or exceeds the contribution of subseasonal changes in wind speed in all seasons. SST responds coherently to subseasonal oscillations of net heat flux associated with active and suppressed phases of atmospheric convection in the summer hemisphere. Thus, subseasonal SST changes are mainly forced by heat flux in the northeast Indian Ocean in northern summer, and in the 15 degrees S-5 degrees N latitude belt in southern summer. In the winter hemisphere, subseasonal SST changes are not a one-dimensional response to heat flux, implying that they are mainly due to oceanic advection, entrainment, or vertical mixing. The coherent evolution of subseasonal SST variability and surface heat flux suggests active coupling between SST and large-scale, organized tropical convection in the summer season. C1 [Parampil, Sindu Raj; Bharathraj, G. N.; Sengupta, Debasis] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Parampil, Sindu Raj] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Harrison, Matthew] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Sengupta, D (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. EM dsen@caos.iisc.ernet.in FU Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi, for funding this research under the INDOMOD and Monsoon Mission OMM programmes. Thanks are due to Jerome Vialard and Matthieu Lengaigne for useful discussions on the satellite-based flux project. We also gratefully acknowledge the development teams and agencies for the following data sets: Dasilva94, ISCCP (ftp://isccp.giss.nasa.gov/outgoing/FLUX/SRF.), RAMA and TAO mooring data, TMI-AMSRE (ftp://ftp.discover-earth.org/sst/daily/tmiamsre.), QSCATFSU (http://coaps.fsu.edu/scatterometry/gridded/), SeaWIFS monthly chlorophyll a, NOCS, OAFLUX, and TropFLUX. The AIRS data used in this study were acquired as part of the NASA's Earth-Sun System Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). AIRS is available at http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/data/data.php. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2016 VL 121 IS 10 BP 7290 EP 7307 DI 10.1002/2016JC011948 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA ED1JS UT WOS:000388602200005 ER PT J AU Domingues, R Baringer, M Goni, G AF Domingues, Ricardo Baringer, Molly Goni, Gustavo TI Remote sources for year-to-year changes in the seasonality of the Florida Current transport SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Baroclinic Rossby waves; mesoscale eddies; western boundary currents; satellite altimetry; Florida CURRENT cable ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SUBTROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; GULF-STREAM TRANSPORT; SEA-LEVEL RISE; US EAST-COAST; ROSSBY WAVES; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; ALTIMETER; MODEL AB The seasonal variability of the Florida Current (FC) transport is often characterized by the presence of an average annual cycle (8% of the variance) of approximate to 3 Sv range peaking in boreal summer. However, the seasonality displayed by the FC transport in any individual year may have very distinct characteristics. In this study, the analysis focuses on seasonal changes (73-525 day frequency band) in the FC transport that are associated with a variable annual phase, which is defined as the transient seasonal component (FCt, 27% of the variance). It is shown that the FCt is largely modulated by westward propagating sea height anomaly (SHA) signals that are formed in the eastern North Atlantic 4-7 years earlier than observed at 27 degrees N in the Florida Straits. These westward propagating SHA signals behave approximately like first baroclinic Rossby waves that can modulate changes in the FC seasonal variability upon arrival at the western boundary. The main finding from this study is that changes in coastal sea-level between 25 degrees N and 42 degrees N linked with westward propagating signals account for at least 50% of the FCt. The integrated changes in the coastal sea-level between 25 degrees N and 42 degrees N, in turn, drive adjustments in the geostrophic transport of the FC at 27 degrees N. Results reported here provide an explanation for previously reported year-to-year changes in the FC seasonality, and suggest that large sea-level variations along the coast of Florida may be partially predictable, given that these Rossby-wave-like signals propagate approximately at fixed rates in the open ocean along 27 degrees N. C1 [Domingues, Ricardo] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Domingues, Ricardo; Baringer, Molly; Goni, Gustavo] NOAA OAR, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Domingues, R (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33136 USA.; Domingues, R (reprint author), NOAA OAR, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Ricardo.Domingues@noaa.gov RI Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; Domingues, Ricardo/A-9842-2017 OI Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; Domingues, Ricardo/0000-0002-6295-2440 FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), University of Miami; Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX The Florida Current cable and section data are made freely available on the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory web page (www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/floridacurrent/). The altimetry products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs, distributed by AVISO, and supported by the CNES (available at http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com). Science quality sea-level data from tide gauges along the east coast of the U.S. are produced and distributed by the University of Hawaii Sea-Level Center (available at: http://uhslc.soest.hawaii.edu/). North America Regional Reanalysis-NARR-data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, (available at: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). The authors would like to thank Shenfu Dong, Elizabeth Johns, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was partly carried out under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), University of Miami, and funded by the Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office and by the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2016 VL 121 IS 10 BP 7547 EP 7559 DI 10.1002/2016JC012070 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA ED1JS UT WOS:000388602200018 ER PT J AU Spencer, LJ DiMarco, SF Wang, ZK Kuehl, JJ Brooks, DA AF Spencer, Laura J. DiMarco, Steven F. Wang, Zhankun Kuehl, Joseph J. Brooks, David A. TI Asymmetric oceanic response to a hurricane: Deep water observations during Hurricane Isaac SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE oceanic response to tropical storm; ocean observing; transport; inertial oscillations; subinertial oscillations; deep ocean moorings ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TROPICAL CYCLONE; WAVE WAKE; SHELF; KATRINA; EDDIES; SCALES; STORMS; RITA; SEA AB The eye of Hurricane Isaac passed through the center of an array of six deep water water-column current meter moorings deployed in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The trajectory of the hurricane provided for a unique opportunity to quantify differences in the full water-column oceanic response to a hurricane to the left and right of the hurricane trajectory. Prior to the storm passage, relative vorticity on the right side of the hurricane was strongly negative, while on the left, relative vorticity was positive. This resulted in an asymmetry in the near-inertial frequencies oceanic response at depth and horizontally. A shift in the response to a slightly larger inertial frequencies approximate to 1.11f was observed and verified by theory. Additionally, the storm passage coincided with an asymmetric change in relative vorticity in the upper 1000 m, which persisted for approximate to 15 inertial periods. Vertical propagation of inertial energy was estimated at 29 m/d, while horizontal propagation at this frequency was approximately 5.7 km/d. Wavelet analysis showed two distinct subinertial responses, one with a period of 2-5 days and another with a period of 5-12 days. Analysis of the subinertial bands reveals that the spatial and temporal scales are shorter and less persistent than the near-inertial variance. As the array is geographically located near the site of the Deep Water Horizon oil spill, the spatial and temporal scales of response have significant implications for the fate, transport, and distribution of hydrocarbons following a deep water spill event. C1 [Spencer, Laura J.; DiMarco, Steven F.; Brooks, David A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [DiMarco, Steven F.] Texas A&M Univ, Geochem & Environm Res Grp, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wang, Zhankun] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Wang, Zhankun] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kuehl, Joseph J.] Baylor Univ, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP DiMarco, SF (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.; DiMarco, SF (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Geochem & Environm Res Grp, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sdimarco@tamu.edu FU Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative [SA12-09/GoMRI-006] FX This research was part of the Gulf Integrated Spill Research (GISR) Consortium and made possible by a grant from the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (contract SA12-09/GoMRI-006). We thank Alexis Lugo-Fernandez and BOEM for the loan of many of the current meters and mooring flotation used in this study. The authors thank John Walpert and the Geochemical and Environmental Research Group mooring team for performing the mooring construction, deployment, servicing, and recovery operations. The authors also thank the Captain Nicholas Allen and the crew of the R/V Pelican for their service during these operations. We thank Robert Leben for altimeter products produced at the Colorado Center for Astrodynamic Research. We thank L. K. (Nick) Shay (RSMAS, Univ. Miami) for useful conversations and insights into ancillary observations collected during Hurricane Isaac. Data used in this study are publicly available through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information & Data Cooperative (GRIIDC) at https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org (UDI: R1.x137.130:0006, R1.x137.130:0010, R1.x137.130:0011, R1.x137.130:0012, R1.x137.130:0011). NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2016 VL 121 IS 10 BP 7619 EP 7649 DI 10.1002/2015JC011560 PG 31 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA ED1JS UT WOS:000388602200023 ER PT J AU Van Cise, AM Morin, PA Baird, RW Lang, AR Robertson, KM Chivers, SJ Brownell, RL Martien, KK AF Van Cise, Amy M. Morin, Phillip A. Baird, Robin W. Lang, Aimee R. Robertson, Kelly M. Chivers, Susan J. Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Martien, Karen K. TI Redrawing the map: mtDNA provides new insight into the distribution and diversity of short-finned pilot whales in the Pacific Ocean SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE short-finned pilot whale; Globicephala macrorhynchus; phylogeography; distribution; genetics; southern form; northern form ID GLOBICEPHALA-MACRORHYNCHUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; KILLER WHALE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; TROPICAL PACIFIC; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; DELPHINIDAE; PHYLOGENIES; SPECIATION; ECOTYPES AB Correlations between morphological and genetic data provide evidence to delineate species or evolutionarily significant units, which then become the units to conserve in management plans. Here, we examine the distribution and genetic differentiation of two morphotypes of short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) in the Pacific Ocean. Mitochondrial control region sequences from 333 samples were combined with 152 previously published sequences to describe genetic variability globally and population structure in the Pacific. Although genetic variability is low, we found strong differentiation at both broad and local levels across the Pacific. Based on genetics, two types are distributed throughout the Pacific, one predominantly in the eastern Pacific and the other in the western and central Pacific. In the eastern Pacific Ocean, no correlation was found between distribution and sea surface temperature. The two types have broad latitudinal ranges, suggesting their distributions are likely driven by more complex factors, such as prey distribution, rather than sea surface temperature. C1 [Van Cise, Amy M.; Morin, Phillip A.] Univ Calif Sari Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Van Cise, Amy M.; Morin, Phillip A.; Lang, Aimee R.; Robertson, Kelly M.; Chivers, Susan J.; Brownell, Robert L., Jr.; Martien, Karen K.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Baird, Robin W.] Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Van Cise, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Sari Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.; Van Cise, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM avancise@gmail.com FU SWFSC Marine Mammal Genetics Lab; U.S. Navy; Marine Mammal Commission FX We would like to thank the many contributors to the SWFSC Marine Mammal and Turtle Molecular Research Sample Collection, including the Pacific Islands Regional Office Observer Program, West Coast Region observer program, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (Erin Oleson), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (Lisa Ballance, Tim Gerrodette, Jay Barlow, Louella Dolar), Diane Claridge (BMMRO), Daniel Webster and Greg Schorr (Cascadia Research Collective), Jooke Robbins (Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies), Scott Baker (Oregon State University), Marc Oremus (Auckland University), and Charley Potter (Smithsonian). We thank Matt Leslie, Nicole Beaulieu, Jim Dines, and the LA County Museum for their effort and generosity in providing the tooth samples used in this manuscript. We also thank Paul Fiedler for assisting with the SST analysis in the eastern Pacific, and Patty Rosel for her contribution to our understanding of short-finned pilot whale diversity in the Atlantic. We would like to thank Jay Barlow, Lisa Levin, Ron Burton, Eric Archer, and Marc Oremus for their valuable input on the manuscript. Finally, we thank the SWFSC Marine Mammal Genetics Lab for their support of this project, including Amanda Bowman, Vicki Pease, Nicole Hedrick, Gaby Serra-Valente and Nicole Beaulieu. Funding for sample collection by Cascadia Research Collective around the main Hawaiian Islands was supported in part by contracts or grants from the U.S. Navy (N45) and the Marine Mammal Commission. SWFSC samples were collected under NMFS MMPA permits NMFS-873, NMFS-1026, NMFS-7441437, NMFS-7741714, and NMFS-14097. Samples from foreign waters were imported using NMFS CITES permits US689420, US774223, and US690343. All SWFSC samples were archived under NMFS MMPA permit NMFS-14097. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1177 EP 1199 DI 10.1111/mms.12315 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA ED1UW UT WOS:000388631400001 ER PT J AU Rea, LD Fadely, BS Farley, SD Avery, JP Dunlap-Harding, WS Stegall, VK Eischens, CAB Gelatt, TS Pitcher, KW AF Rea, Lorrie D. Faddn, Brian S. Farley, Sean D. Avery, Julie P. Dunlap-Harding, Wendy S. Stegall, Vicki K. Eischens, Carrie A. B. Gelatt, Tom S. Pitcher, Kenneth W. TI Comparing total body lipid content of young-of-the-year Steller sea lions among regions of contrasting population trends SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE total body lipid content; deuterium dilution; Eumetopias jubatus; Steller sea lion; otariids; condition index; blubber depth ID EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS PUPS; ARCTOCEPHALUS-TROPICALIS PUPS; HYDROGEN-ISOTOPE-DILUTION; FUR-SEAL; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; MILK CONSUMPTION; ALASKA; GROWTH; AGE AB Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) young-of-the-year (YOY) are nutritionally dependent upon their dam through the majority of their first year. Several indices of body condition were measured in YOY 1.5-9 mo of age captured in Southeast Alaska (n = 122), the Gulf of Alaska (n = 182), and the Aleutian Islands (n = 38) to test the hypothesis that nutritional stress impacted the ability of adult female Steller sea lions to adequately nourish their late gestation YOY in the central Aleutian Islands in the early 2000s. Body mass (kg) and percent total body lipid content (% TBL) increased with age in all three regions of Alaska that were sampled (P < 0.05). Young-of-the-year 7-9 mo of age were leaner in Southeast Alaska (27.6% +/- 1.0%) and Gulf of Alaska (29.5% +/- 0.8%) than in the Aleutian Islands (35.7% +/- 1.2%, P < 0.001). Condition indices calculated from morphometric measures did not strongly predict the %TBL measured by isotope dilution. The trend for Aleutian Island YOY to have larger body mass and larger body fat reserves are counter to what would be expected if dams were unable to adequately provision their late lactation YOY due to inadequate food availability in the central Aleutian Islands. C1 [Rea, Lorrie D.; Avery, Julie P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rea, Lorrie D.; Farley, Sean D.; Avery, Julie P.; Dunlap-Harding, Wendy S.; Stegall, Vicki K.; Eischens, Carrie A. B.; Pitcher, Kenneth W.] Alaska Dept Fish & Came, Div Wildlife Conservat, 525 W 67th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Faddn, Brian S.; Gelatt, Tom S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rea, LD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Rea, LD (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Came, Div Wildlife Conservat, 525 W 67th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM ldrea@alaska.edu FU NOAA under MMPA [965, 358-1564, 358-1769, 358-1888, 14325]; ADFG ACUC [03-0002, 06-07, 09-28] FX We would like to thank the dedicated field teams from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) Steller Sea Lion Program and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Ecosystems Program as well as the dedicated group of veterinarians who all worked to make these captures and studies possible. We would also like to thank J. Prewitt and M. Nedom for their additional laboratory assistance. This work could also not be completed without the assistance of the enthusiastic crews of the R/V Medeia, Norseman, Norseman II, Solstice, and Pandalus, and P/V Stimson and Woldstad. The manuscript was improved through comments provided by S. Crawford and three anonymous reviewers. Funding provided through NOAA Cooperative Agreements to ADF&G. ADF&G research conducted under MMPA permits #965, 358-1564, 358-1769, 358-1888 and 14325 and ADF&G ACUC Protocols #03-0002, #06-07, and #09-28. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1200 EP 1218 DI 10.1111/mms.12327 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA ED1UW UT WOS:000388631400002 ER PT J AU Citta, JJ Quakenbush, LT Frost, KJ Lowry, L Hobbs, RC Aderman, H AF Citta, John J. Quakenbush, Lori T. Frost, Kathryn J. Lowry, Lloyd Hobbs, Roderick C. Aderman, Helen TI Movements of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Bristol Bay, Alaska SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bristol Bay; Nushagak Bay; Kvichak Bay; beluga; white whale; Delphinapterus leucas; diet; lattice-based density; utilization distribution; Oncorhynchus spp.; salmon ID COOK INLET; WHITE WHALES; AUTUMN MOVEMENTS; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; SUMMER; SEALS AB We describe the annual distribution of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Bristol Bay, Alaska, using data from 31 satellite-linked transmitters during 2002-2011. Bristol Bay has one of the largest and best studied Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) fisheries in the world, allowing us to link the seasonal distribution of belugas to that of salmon. During salmon migrations, beluga movements were restricted to river entrances. Belugas generally did not relocate to different river entrances or change bays during peak salmon periods. However, the location of belugas was not related to the number of salmon passing counting towers, suggesting that belugas were either selecting locations that were good for catching salmon or there were simply more salmon than belugas needed to supply their nutritional needs. The distribution of belugas expanded after salmon runs ended, and was greatest in winter when belugas ranged beyond the inner bays, traveling as far west as Cape Constantine. Belugas continued to frequent the inner bays in winter whenever sea ice conditions allowed, e.g., when winds moved sea ice offshore; however, they were never located south of the southern ice edge in open water or outside of Bristol Bay. C1 [Citta, John J.; Quakenbush, Lori T.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Frost, Kathryn J.; Lowry, Lloyd] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 73-4388 Paiaha St, Kailua Kona, HI 96740 USA. [Hobbs, Roderick C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Aderman, Helen] Bristol Bay Native Assoc, POB 310, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. RP Citta, JJ (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM john.citta@alaska.gov FU Bristol Bay Native Association; National Marine Fisheries Service; Alaska Beluga Whale Committee FX Beluga tagging in Bristol Bay was supported by the Bristol Bay Native Association, the National Marine Fisheries Service, and the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee. We thank M. Olsen and the Bristol Bay Marine Mammal Council for their strong support of beluga research. We thank all of our boat captains, N. Apokadok, B Apokadok, G. Tallekpallek, B. Tinker, F. Bartman, A. Roehl, T. Olsen, D. Togiak, R. Hiratsuka, and their crews for their safe operations and hard work. We also had help from beluga hunters from other regions: A. Simon, T. Gray, F. Kavairlook, and M. Okitkun. We also thank E. Gaglione and T. Binder from Georgia Aquarium and B. Mahoney and D. Vos from NMFS for assistance with tagging operations. T. Sands, S. Morstad, G. Wade, R. Hilborn, and C. Cunningham provided valuable information on Bristol Bay fisheries. Three anonymous reviewers also helped improve this manuscript. We are grateful to the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge for bunkhouse space and vehicle use and to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for bunkhouse space and boat support. Tagging was conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act Permit #782-1719 and #14245 issued to National Marine Mammal Laboratory and #14610 issued to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Animal care and handling was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1272 EP 1298 DI 10.1111/mms.12337 PG 27 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA ED1UW UT WOS:000388631400006 ER PT J AU Costa, APB Rosel, PE Daura-Jorge, FG Simoes-Lopes, PC AF Costa, Ana P. B. Rosel, Patricia E. Daura-Jorge, Fabio G. Simoes-Lopes, Paulo C. TI Offshore and coastal common bottlenose dolphins of the western South Atlantic face-to-face: What the skull and the spine can tell us SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecotype; skeletal morphology; South Atlantic; subspecies; Tursiops truncatus ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS CETACEA; GENUS TURSIOPS; SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL; DELPHINUS-DELPHIS; CHINESE WATERS; CONSERVATION; EVOLUTION; FORMS; SPP.; AUSTRALIA AB The taxonomy of Tursiops truncatus in the western South Atlantic is not resolved. Two different hypotheses have been proposed: (1) offshore and coastal ecotypes with a parapatric distribution, and (2) two species, T. truncatus and T. gephyreus, living in sympatry. To test these hypotheses, we examined a total of 100 physically mature skulls and 35 vertebral columns from the suggested overlap zone in southern Brazil. In all skulls, 24 measurements, four alveoli counts and two categorical variables were analyzed. Vertebral formula was determined and five measurements were taken from selected vertebrae. Multivariate analyses were conducted for skull and vertebral data. Results revealed the presence of two well-separated groups. Specimens of Group1 had smaller skulls and shorter body lengths, but more vertebrae, than Group2. The morphological characteristics of each group corresponded well with two ecotypes of common bottlenose dolphins reported in other ocean basins. Therefore, we assigned the specimens of Group1 to the offshore ecotype, and Group2 to the coastal ecotype. Differences in the geographic locations and ratio of strandings supported the parapatric hypothesis. The significant morphological differentiation observed suggests the presence of different subspecies, but an additional independent line of evidence is needed to hypothesize whether they represent different species. C1 [Costa, Ana P. B.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, 110 E St Mary Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA. [Rosel, Patricia E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 646 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Daura-Jorge, Fabio G.; Simoes-Lopes, Paulo C.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Ecol & Zool, Lab Mamiferos Aquat LAMAQ, POB 5102, BR-88040970 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. RP Costa, APB (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, 110 E St Mary Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA. EM abc2978@louisiana.edu RI Gesseff, Ednilson/A-3019-2017 FU Cetacean Society International; Coordenacao e Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES Foundation) FX We are grateful to Dr. Eduardo Secchi (FURG), Dr. Marta Cremer (UNIVILLE), Dr. Pedro Castilho (UDESC), and their respective teams, for their support and sample access. Thanks are extended to the researchers of Laboratorio de Mamiferos Aquaticos (UFSC) and Dr. Pedro Fruet (Museu Oceanografico Prof. Elizer de C. Rios) for support during sample collection, Dr. Natalie P. Goodall (Museo Acatushun de Aves y Mamiferos Marinos Australes) for sample access in previous years, Wayne Mcfee (NOAA-Charleston) for his helpful comments on the skull morphometrics, Dr. William Perrin (NOAA-NMFS-SWFSC) for help with historical Tursiops taxonomic nomenclature, and Dr. Scott Duke-Sylvester (Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette) for helpful comments on the statistics. This research was funded by Cetacean Society International and APBC's Ph.D. scholarship is provided by Coordenacao e Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES Foundation). NR 94 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1433 EP 1457 DI 10.1111/mms.12342 PG 25 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA ED1UW UT WOS:000388631400014 ER PT J AU Wiley, DN Mayo, CA Maloney, EM Moore, MJ AF Wiley, David N. Mayo, Charles A. Maloney, Eden Marie Moore, Michael J. TI Vessel strike mitigation lessons from direct observations involving two collisions between noncommercial vessels and North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHIPS; SPEED C1 [Wiley, David N.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Mayo, Charles A.] Ctr Coastal Studies, POB 1036, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. [Maloney, Eden Marie] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Program Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Moore, Michael J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02534 USA. RP Wiley, DN (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. EM david.wiley@noaa.gov FU North Pond Foundation FX We thank the North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium (http://www.narwc.org) and its contributors for data and photographs used here. The North Pond Foundation contributed funding. Susan Barco, Amy Knowlton, William Mclellan, and David Rotstein assisted with the propeller cut analysis. Angelia Vanderlaan, Moira Brown, Michael Thompson, and an anonymous reviewer provided comments to improve the manuscript. The Center for Coastal Studies conducts research under NOAA permit #14603-1. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1501 EP 1509 DI 10.1111/mms.12326 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA ED1UW UT WOS:000388631400019 ER PT J AU Durban, JW Moore, MJ Chiang, G Hickmott, LS Bocconcelli, A Howes, G Bahamonde, PA Perryman, WL LeRoi, DJ AF Durban, John W. Moore, Michael J. Chiang, Gustavo Hickmott, Leigh S. Bocconcelli, Alessandro Howes, Gloria Bahamonde, Paulina A. Perryman, Wayne L. LeRoi, Donald J. TI Photogrammetry of blue whales with an unmanned hexacopter SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC C1 [Durban, John W.; Perryman, Wayne L.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 89101 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Moore, Michael J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Chiang, Gustavo; Howes, Gloria; Bahamonde, Paulina A.] MERI Fdn, Lo Beltran 2347, Santiago 7640392, Chile. [Hickmott, Leigh S.] Open Ocean Consulting, 2 Borough House,72 Borough Rd, Petersfield GU32 3LF, Hants, England. [Bocconcelli, Alessandro] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Adv Ocean Phys & Engn Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [LeRoi, Donald J.] Aerial Imaging Solut, 5 Myrica Way, Old Lyme, CT 06371 USA. RP Durban, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 89101 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM john.durban@noaa.gov FU Maria Francisca Cortes Solari; Rafaela Landea Briones; MERI Foundation; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Access to the Sea Fund FX We thank Maria Francisca Cortes Solari, Rafaela Landea Briones, MERI Foundation, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Access to the Sea Fund for funding this work. We also appreciate the support of Pesquera Los Elephantes, Thomas and Jose Montt, and the crew of the M/V Centinella. This research was conducted under Chilean Permit MERI-488-FEB-2015. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1510 EP 1515 DI 10.1111/mms.12328 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA ED1UW UT WOS:000388631400020 ER PT J AU He, XG Chaney, NW Schleiss, M Sheffield, J AF He, Xiaogang Chaney, Nathaniel W. Schleiss, Marc Sheffield, Justin TI Spatial downscaling of precipitation using adaptable random forests SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE precipitation downscaling; machine learning; random forests; NLDAS-2 ID REAL-TIME; SATELLITE PRECIPITATION; NEURAL-NETWORKS; TEMPORAL MODEL; UNITED-STATES; POINT PROCESS; RAINFALL; TEMPERATURE; FIELDS; SPACE AB This paper introduces Prec-DWARF (Precipitation Downscaling With Adaptable Random Forests), a novel machine-learning based method for statistical downscaling of precipitation. Prec-DWARF sets up a nonlinear relationship between precipitation at fine resolution and covariates at coarse/fine resolution, based on the advanced binary tree method known as Random Forests (RF). In addition to a single RF, we also consider a more advanced implementation based on two independent RFs which yield better results for extreme precipitation. Hourly gauge-radar precipitation data at 0.125 degrees from NLDAS-2 are used to conduct synthetic experiments with different spatial resolutions (0.25 degrees, 0.5 degrees, and 1 degrees). Quantitative evaluation of these experiments demonstrates that Prec-DWARF consistently outperforms the baseline (i.e., bilinear interpolation in this case) and can reasonably reproduce the spatial and temporal patterns, occurrence and distribution of observed precipitation fields. However, Prec-DWARF with a single RF significantly underestimates precipitation extremes and often cannot correctly recover the fine-scale spatial structure, especially for the 1 degrees experiments. Prec-DWARF with a double RF exhibits improvement in the simulation of extreme precipitation as well as its spatial and temporal structures, but variogram analyses show that the spatial and temporal variability of the downscaled fields are still strongly underestimated. Covariate importance analysis shows that the most important predictors for the downscaling are the coarse-scale precipitation values over adjacent grid cells as well as the distance to the closest dry grid cell (i.e., the dry drift). The encouraging results demonstrate the potential of Prec-DWARF and machine-learning based techniques in general for the statistical downscaling of precipitation. C1 [He, Xiaogang; Chaney, Nathaniel W.; Schleiss, Marc; Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Chaney, Nathaniel W.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sheffield, Justin] Univ Southampton, Geog & Environm, Southampton, Hants, England. RP He, XG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM hexg@princeton.edu OI He, Xiaogang/0000-0001-7428-0269; Schleiss, Marc/0000-0002-4667-5500 FU NOAA [NA14OAR4310218]; NSF [1534544]; Swiss National Science Foundation [P300P2_158499] FX X. He would like to thank M. Pan, E. F. Wood, and I. Rodriguez-Iturbe at Princeton University for helpful discussions. This study is supported by NOAA grant NA14OAR4310218, and NSF grant 1534544. M. Schleiss acknowledges the financial support of the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant P300P2_158499). The NLDAS-2 data sets are provided by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center at http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/hydrology/data-holdings. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 52 IS 10 BP 8217 EP 8237 DI 10.1002/2016WR019034 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EC9VW UT WOS:000388493400039 ER PT J AU Chu, YY Liu, YS Li, XY Liu, ZY Lu, HS Lu, YA Mao, ZF Chen, X Li, N Ren, M Liu, FF Tian, LQ Zhu, ZM Xiang, H AF Chu, Yuanyuan Liu, Yisi Li, Xiangyu Liu, Zhiyong Lu, Hanson Lu, Yuanan Mao, Zongfu Chen, Xi Li, Na Ren, Meng Liu, Feifei Tian, Liqiao Zhu, Zhongmin Xiang, Hao TI A Review on Predicting Ground PM2.5 Concentration Using Satellite Aerosol Optical Depth SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Review DE aerosol optical depth; PM2.5; satellite retrieving; Mixed-Effect Model; Chemical Transport Model ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; LAND-USE REGRESSION; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; AIR-POLLUTION EXPOSURE; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LEVEL PM2.5; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; BIRTH-WEIGHT AB This study reviewed the prediction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) and summarized the advantages and limitations of these predicting models. A total of 116 articles were included from 1436 records retrieved. The number of such studies has been increasing since 2003. Among these studies, four predicting models were widely used: Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) (25 articles), Mixed-Effect Model (MEM) (23 articles), Chemical Transport Model (CTM) (16 articles) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) (10 articles). We found that there is no so-called best model among them and each has both advantages and limitations. Regarding the prediction accuracy, MEM performs the best, while MLR performs worst. CTM predicts PM2.5 better on a global scale, while GWR tends to perform well on a regional level. Moreover, prediction performance can be significantly improved by combining meteorological variables with land use factors of each region, instead of only considering meteorological variables. In addition, MEM has advantages in dealing with the AOD data with missing values. We recommend that with the help of higher resolution AOD data, future works could be focused on developing satellite-based predicting models for the prediction of historical PM2.5 and other air pollutants. C1 [Chu, Yuanyuan; Liu, Yisi; Li, Xiangyu; Mao, Zongfu; Chen, Xi; Li, Na; Ren, Meng; Liu, Feifei; Xiang, Hao] Wuhan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 115 Donghu Rd, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Chu, Yuanyuan; Li, Xiangyu; Lu, Yuanan; Mao, Zongfu; Xiang, Hao] Wuhan Univ, Global Hlth Inst, 115 Donghu Rd, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Liu, Zhiyong] NOAA, NESDIS, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lu, Hanson] Wuhan Foreign Languages Sch, Int Baccalaureate Diploma Program, Wan Song Yuan Rd, Wuhan 430022, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yuanan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Environm Hlth Lab, 1960 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Tian, Liqiao; Zhu, Zhongmin] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, 129 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Zhongmin] Wuchang Shouyi Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430064, Peoples R China. RP Xiang, H (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 115 Donghu Rd, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.; Xiang, H (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Global Hlth Inst, 115 Donghu Rd, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. EM 2014203050033@whu.edu.cn; roselewis@sina.com; 2015203050022@whu.edu.cn; Zhiyonglau@gmail.com; hansonlu_hl@hotmail.com; yuanan@hawaii.edu; zfmao@126.com; aries_c_7@163.com; 2012302170047@whu.edu.cn; melodyrren@163.com; 2015203050008@whu.edu.cn; tianliqiao@whu.edu.cn; zhongmin.zhu@whu.edu.cn; xianghao@whu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41571344]; National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFC0200900]; Hubei Province Health and Family Planning Scientific Research Project [WJ2015Q023]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2042016kf0165]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2015M572198]; program of Key Laboratory for National Geographic Census and Monitoring, National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geo-information [2014NGCM]; Planning Project of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training of National Undergraduate [201510486102]; Innovation Experiment Program of Medical Students of Wuhan University [MS2015037] FX This review was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41571344); the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC0200900); the Hubei Province Health and Family Planning Scientific Research Project (Grant No. WJ2015Q023); the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2042016kf0165); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2015M572198); the program of Key Laboratory for National Geographic Census and Monitoring, National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geo-information (No. 2014NGCM); Planning Project of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training of National Undergraduate (No. 201510486102); and Innovation Experiment Program of Medical Students of Wuhan University (No. MS2015037). We express our great thanks to scholars from School of public health, Wuhan University and State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University for their helpful suggestion and discussion. NR 151 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 29 U2 29 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 AR 129 DI 10.3390/atmos7100129 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC6ZG UT WOS:000388284600008 ER PT J AU Miller, SM Miller, CE Commane, R Chang, RYW Dinardo, SJ Henderson, JM Karion, A Lindaas, J Melton, JR Miller, JB Sweeney, C Wofsy, SC Michalak, AM AF Miller, Scot M. Miller, Charles E. Commane, Roisin Chang, Rachel Y-W Dinardo, Steven J. Henderson, John M. Karion, Anna Lindaas, Jakob Melton, Joe R. Miller, John B. Sweeney, Colm Wofsy, Steven C. Michalak, Anna M. TI A multiyear estimate of methane fluxes in Alaska from CARVE atmospheric observations SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID COMPARISON PROJECT WETCHIMP; HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; GLOBAL WETLAND EXTENT; PERMAFROST CARBON; GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH; NORTHERN LAKES; SATELLITE DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRESENT STATE; STILT MODEL AB Methane (CH4) fluxes from Alaska and other arctic regions may be sensitive to thawing permafrost and future climate change, but estimates of both current and future fluxes from the region are uncertain. This study estimates CH4 fluxes across Alaska for 2012-2014 using aircraft observations from the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE) and a geostatistical inverse model (GIM). We find that a simple flux model based on a daily soil temperature map and a static map of wetland extent reproduces the atmospheric CH4 observations at the statewide, multiyear scale more effectively than global-scale process-based models. This result points to a simple and effective way of representing CH4 fluxes across Alaska. It further suggests that process-based models can improve their representation of key processes and that more complex processes included in these models cannot be evaluated given the information content of available atmospheric CH4 observations. In addition, we find that CH4 emissions from the North Slope of Alaska account for 24% of the total statewide flux of 1.74 +/- 0.26 Tg CH4 (for May-October). Global-scale process models only attribute an average of 3% of the total flux to this region. This mismatch occurs for two reasons: process models likely underestimate wetland extent in regions without visible surface water, and these models prematurely shut down CH4 fluxes at soil temperatures near 0 degrees C. Lastly, we find that the seasonality of CH4 fluxes varied during 2012-2014 but that total emissions did not differ significantly among years, despite substantial differences in soil temperature and precipitation. C1 [Miller, Scot M.; Michalak, Anna M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [Miller, Charles E.; Dinardo, Steven J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Commane, Roisin; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chang, Rachel Y-W] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Henderson, John M.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Karion, Anna] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lindaas, Jakob] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Melton, Joe R.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Miller, John B.; Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, John B.; Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Miller, SM (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. EM scot.m.miller@gmail.com OI Lindaas, Jakob/0000-0003-1872-3162 FU Carnegie Distinguished Post-doctoral Fellowship; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported by the Carnegie Distinguished Post-doctoral Fellowship. We thank Thomas Nehrkorn of Atmospheric and Environmental Research for his help with the PWRF-STILT model. Computing resources for this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. Reanalysis data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. A portion of the research described in this paper was performed for the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), an Earth Ventures (EVS-1) investigation, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The CARVE data used in this study are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1402 and https://ilma.jpl.nasa.gov/portal/browse/. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD OCT PY 2016 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1441 EP 1453 DI 10.1002/2016GB005419 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC9IK UT WOS:000388458000004 PM 28066129 ER PT J AU Mouw, CB Barnett, A McKinley, GA Gloege, L Pilcher, D AF Mouw, Colleen B. Barnett, Audrey McKinley, Galen A. Gloege, Lucas Pilcher, Darren TI Phytoplankton size impact on export flux in the global ocean SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON; NORTHWESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; PARTICLE SETTLING RATES; SARGASSO SEA; BIOLOGICAL PUMP; TIME-SERIES; DEEP-OCEAN; SEDIMENT TRAPS; CARIACO BASIN; SURFACE-OCEAN AB Efficiency of the biological pump of carbon to the deep ocean depends largely on biologically mediated export of carbon from the surface ocean and its remineralization with depth. Global satellite studies have primarily focused on chlorophyll concentration and net primary production (NPP) to understand the role of phytoplankton in these processes. Recent satellite retrievals of phytoplankton composition now allow for the size of phytoplankton cells to be considered. Here we improve understanding of phytoplankton size structure impacts on particle export, remineralization, and transfer. A global compilation of particulate organic carbon (POC) flux estimated from sediment traps and Th-234 are utilized. Annual climatologies of NPP, percent microplankton, and POC flux at four time series locations and within biogeochemical provinces are constructed. Parameters that characterize POC flux versus depth (export flux ratio, labile fraction, and remineralization length scale) are fit for time series locations, biogeochemical provinces, and times of the year dominated by small and large phytoplankton cells where phytoplankton cell size show enough dynamic range over the annual cycle. Considering all data together, our findings support the idea of high export flux but low transfer efficiency in productive regions and vice versa for oligotrophic regions. However, when parsing by dominant size class, we find periods dominated by small cells to have both greater export flux efficiency and lower transfer efficiency than periods when large cells comprise a greater proportion of the phytoplankton community. C1 [Mouw, Colleen B.; Barnett, Audrey] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Mouw, Colleen B.; Barnett, Audrey] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [McKinley, Galen A.; Gloege, Lucas] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Pilcher, Darren] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mouw, CB (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.; Mouw, CB (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM cmouw@uri.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX11AD59G, NNX13AC34G] FX We would like to thank the Ocean Color Processing Group at NASA GSFC for the processing and distribution of the SeaWiFS imagery (http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov) and the Ifremer/LOS Mixed Layer Depth Climatology group for retrieval and distribution of MLD estimates (www.ifremer.fr/cerweb/deboyer/mld). The SeaWiFS phytoplankton size composition imagery was provided by C.B. Mouw and is freely available on PANGAEA (doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.860474). The compilation of POC flux data along with matched satellite data products used in this study are freely available on PANGEA (doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.855600). We would like to thank Min Wang for guidance with Bayesian statistical techniques. Comments from two anonymous reviews greatly improved the manuscript. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX11AD59G and NNX13AC34G) provided financial support for this effort. This is contribution number 31 of the Great Lakes Research Center at Michigan Technological University. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD OCT PY 2016 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1542 EP 1562 DI 10.1002/2015GB005355 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC9IK UT WOS:000388458000011 ER PT J AU Dunne, JP AF Dunne, John P. TI Quantifying uncertainty in future ocean carbon uptake SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Editorial Material ID EMISSIONS AB Attributing uncertainty in ocean carbon uptake between societal trajectory (scenarios), Earth System Model construction (structure), and inherent natural variation in climate (internal) is critical to make progress in identifying, understanding, and reducing those uncertainties. In the present issue of Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Lovenduski et al. (2016) disentangle these drivers of uncertainty in ocean carbon uptake over time and space and assess the resulting implications for the emergence timescales of structural and scenario uncertainty over internal variability. Such efforts are critical for establishing realizable and efficient monitoring goals and prioritizing areas of continued model development. Under recently proposed climate stabilization targets, such efforts to partition uncertainty also become increasingly critical to societal decision-making in the context of carbon stabilization. C1 [Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Dunne, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM John.dunne@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD OCT PY 2016 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1563 EP 1565 DI 10.1002/2016GB005525 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC9IK UT WOS:000388458000012 ER PT J AU He, Q Zuo, ZY Zhang, RH Yang, S Wang, WQ Zhang, RN Riddle, EE AF He, Qiong Zuo, Zhiyan Zhang, Renhe Yang, Song Wang, Wanqiu Zhang, Ruonan Riddle, Emily E. TI Prediction skill and predictability of Eurasian snow cover fraction in the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 reforecasts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE snow cover fraction; NCEP CFSv2; prediction; predictability ID SUMMER; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC; RAINFALL; EXTENT; WINTER; CHINA; OCEAN AB Eurasian snow cover fraction (SCF) prediction is analyzed using the recently developed National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) monthly retrospective forecasts for 1983-2009. The CFSv2 is generally capable of reproducing the observed Eurasian SCF seasonal cycle and climatology. This study focuses on the prediction skill and predictability of Eurasian SCF in snowmelt and snowfall seasons because the intensive variability occurs in the two seasons. The CFSv2 reasonably predicts the interannual variations, long-term trend and leading pattern in snowmelt season several months ahead. In comparison with the snowmelt season, the CFSv2 shows a better prediction skill in climatological values but a worse skill in the interannual variability in snowfall season. In addition, the forecasted downward trend of SCF in the snowfall season is opposite to that in the observation. The biases of Eurasian SCF in the snowmelt and snowfall seasons are significantly related with those of temperature and precipitation in the CFSv2. The forecasted cooler and wetter atmosphere is suggestive of the overestimation of the mean SCF. Meanwhile, the underestimation in the variability of both temperature and precipitation in the CFSv2 may be the important factor for the underestimated variability of SCF, especially for the damped variability of SCF in the snowfall season. Generally, the CFSv2 shows a higher and more stable prediction skill after late-1990s than before in the two seasons. The change in the initial condition in the CFSv2 and the observed SCF in late-1990s might be the plausible reason for it. C1 [He, Qiong; Zuo, Zhiyan; Zhang, Renhe; Zhang, Ruonan] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Inst Climate Syst, 46 Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD USA. [Riddle, Emily E.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Zuo, ZY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Inst Climate Syst, 46 Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zyzuo@camscma.cn RI He, Qiong/A-4842-2017 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41205059, 41221064, 41375092]; National Basic Research Program of China [2014CB953900]; Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) [GYHY201206017]; Basic Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences [2015Z001] FX This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41205059, 41221064 and 41375092), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant 2014CB953900), the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (GYHY201206017) and the Basic Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (2015Z001). NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 36 IS 12 BP 4071 EP 4084 DI 10.1002/joc.4618 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC0OL UT WOS:000387800400014 ER PT J AU Jones, JM Gille, ST Goosse, H Abram, NJ Canziani, PO Charman, DJ Clem, KR Crosta, X de Lavergne, C Eisenman, I England, MH Fogt, RL Frankcombe, LM Marshall, GJ Masson-Delmotte, V Morrison, AK Orsi, AJ Raphael, MN Renwick, JA Schneider, DP Simpkins, GR Steig, EJ Stenni, B Swingedouw, D Vance, TR AF Jones, Julie M. Gille, Sarah T. Goosse, Hugues Abram, Nerilie J. Canziani, Pablo O. Charman, Dan J. Clem, Kyle R. Crosta, Xavier de Lavergne, Casimir Eisenman, Ian England, Matthew H. Fogt, Ryan L. Frankcombe, Leela M. Marshall, Gareth J. Masson-Delmotte, Valerie Morrison, Adele K. Orsi, Anais J. Raphael, Marilyn N. Renwick, James A. Schneider, David P. Simpkins, Graham R. Steig, Eric J. Stenni, Barbara Swingedouw, Didier Vance, Tessa R. TI Assessing recent trends in high-latitude Southern Hemisphere surface climate SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Review ID ANTARCTIC SEA-ICE; PINE ISLAND GLACIER; WEST ANTARCTICA; ANNULAR MODE; WHALING RECORDS; PAST MILLENNIUM; CMIP5 MODELS; LEVEL RISE; PART I; OCEAN AB Understanding the causes of recent climatic trends and variability in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere is hampered by a short instrumental record. Here, we analyse recent atmosphere, surface ocean and sea-ice observations in this region and assess their trends in the context of palaeoclimate records and climate model simulations. Over the 36-year satellite era, significant linear trends in annual mean sea-ice extent, surface temperature and sea-level pressure are superimposed on large interannual to decadal variability. Most observed trends, however, are not unusual when compared with Antarctic palaeoclimate records of the past two centuries. With the exception of the positive trend in the Southern Annular Mode, climate model simulations that include anthropogenic forcing are not compatible with the observed trends. This suggests that natural variability overwhelms the forced response in the observations, but the models may not fully represent this natural variability or may overestimate the magnitude of the forced response. C1 [Jones, Julie M.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Gille, Sarah T.; Eisenman, Ian] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Goosse, Hugues] Catholic Univ Louvain, ELIC TECLIM, Pl Pasteur 3, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Abram, Nerilie J.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Abram, Nerilie J.] Australian Natl Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Canziani, Pablo O.] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Buenos Aires, CONICET, Unidad Invest & Desarrollo Ingn, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Charman, Dan J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Dept Geog, Exeter EX4 1RJ, Devon, England. [Clem, Kyle R.; Renwick, James A.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington 6012, New Zealand. [Crosta, Xavier; Swingedouw, Didier] Univ Bordeaux, Environm & Paleoenvironm Ocean & Continentaux UMR, Allee Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, France. [de Lavergne, Casimir] Univ Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 6, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, IRD,MNHN,LOCEAN Lab, F-75005 Paris, France. [England, Matthew H.; Frankcombe, Leela M.] Univ New South Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Fogt, Ryan L.] Ohio Univ, Dept Geog, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Marshall, Gareth J.] British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Masson-Delmotte, Valerie; Orsi, Anais J.] Univ Paris Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, LSCE,IPSL,CEA, St Aubin, France. [Morrison, Adele K.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Raphael, Marilyn N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, 1255 Bunche Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Schneider, David P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Simpkins, Graham R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Croul Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Steig, Eric J.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, 70 Johnson Hall,Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stenni, Barbara] Ca Foscari Univ Venice, Dept Environm Sci Informat & Stat, Via Torino 155, I-30170 Venice, Italy. [Vance, Tessa R.] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Private Bag 80, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Jones, JM (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. EM julie.jones@sheffield.ac.uk RI Fogt, Ryan/B-6989-2008; Swingedouw, Didier/D-1408-2010; OI Fogt, Ryan/0000-0002-5398-3990; Swingedouw, Didier/0000-0002-0583-0850; Gille, Sarah/0000-0001-9144-4368 FU Climate and Cryosphere project of the World Climate Research Programme (through the Polar Climate Predictability Initiative); Government of Canada through the Federal Department of the Environment; QEII fellowship; Australian Research Council [ARC DP110101161, DP140102059, FL100100214]; ARC Laureate Fellowship [FL100100214]; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-14-CE01-0001]; Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS-Belgium); ANPCyT [PICT2012 2927]; NSF [1341621, OCE-1234473, PLR-1425989, 1235231, AGS-1206120, AGS-1407360, OCE-1357078]; Leverhulme Trust; National Science Foundation (NSF); French ANR CEPS project Green Greenland [ANR-10-CEPL-0008]; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the British Antarctic Survey research programme Polar Science for Planet Earth; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0012457]; VUW doctoral scholarship; NERC [NE/H014896/1]; UPMC doctoral scholarship; EU [FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF 331615]; French ANR CLIMICE project [ANR-08-CEXC-012-01]; FP7 PAST4FUTURE project [243908]; Marsden grant [VUW1408]; Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres programme, through the ACE CRC FX We thank H. Diamond, I. Goodwin, J. McClean, J. Twedt, J. Severinghaus, C. Wilkinson, R. Wilson and U. Zajacazkovski for their contributions to the meeting at which this paper was planned. The meeting and this project were supported by the Climate and Cryosphere project of the World Climate Research Programme (through the Polar Climate Predictability Initiative) and the Government of Canada through the Federal Department of the Environment. We also thank Past Global Changes (PAGES) for supporting this meeting; D. McCutcheon for producing Supplementary Fig. 1; the SCAR Reader project for providing the Antarctic station data; J. Nicolas and D. Bromwich for making the Antarctic surface temperature reconstruction available; the National Snow and Ice Data Centre for provision of the sea ice data; the ECMWF for providing the Era Interim reanalysis; and NOAA for providing the SST data. We thank the many scientists who made their published palaeoclimate datasets available via public data repositories or personal requests, and we acknowledge the efforts of the PAGES Antarctica 2k working group in compiling many of the palaeoclimate records used in this study. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP. The US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support for CMIP and led the development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals.; Support was provided by the following organizations: N.J.A: QEII fellowship and Discovery Project awarded by the Australian Research Council (ARC DP110101161 and DP140102059); M.H.E., ARC Laureate Fellowship (FL100100214); V.M.D., Agence Nationale de la Recherche, project ANR-14-CE01-0001 (ASUMA), and logistical support to French Antarctic studies from the Institut Polaire Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV); B.S., PAGES Antarctica 2k and the ESF-PolarClimate HOLOCLIP project; H.G., the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS-Belgium), where he is Research Director; P.O.C., research grant ANPCyT PICT2012 2927; R.L.F., NSF grant 1341621; E.J.S., the Leverhulme Trust; S.T.G., NSF grants OCE-1234473 and PLR-1425989; D.P.S., NSF grant 1235231; NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF); G.R.S., NSF grants AGS-1206120 and AGS-1407360; D.S., the French ANR CEPS project Green Greenland (ANR-10-CEPL-0008); G.J.M., UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the British Antarctic Survey research programme Polar Science for Planet Earth; A.K.M., US Department of Energy under contract DE-SC0012457; K.R.C., VUW doctoral scholarship; L.M.F., Australian Research Council (FL100100214); D.J.C., NERC grant NE/H014896/1; C.d.L., UPMC doctoral scholarship; A.J.O., EU grant FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF 331615; X.C., the French ANR CLIMICE (ANR-08-CEXC-012-01) and the FP7 PAST4FUTURE (243908) projects; J.A.R., Marsden grant VUW1408; I.E., NSF grant OCE-1357078; T.R.V., the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres programme, through the ACE CRC. NR 100 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 14 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 6 IS 10 BP 917 EP 926 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE3103 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC7CG UT WOS:000388292800013 ER PT J AU Park, JY Bader, J Matei, D AF Park, Jong-yeon Bader, Juergen Matei, Daniela TI Anthropogenic Mediterranean warming essential driver for present and future Sahel rainfall SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; AFRICAN RAINFALL; 20TH-CENTURY; VARIABILITY; IMPACT; OCEAN; 21ST-CENTURY; SIMULATIONS; ANOMALIES; DESERT AB The long-lasting Sahel drought in the 1970s and 1980s caused enormous human and socio-economic losses(1), driving extensive research on its causes(2-8). Although changes in global and regional sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are thought to be dominant drivers of the severe Sahel drying trend(9-12), the mechanisms for the recent recovery trend are not fully clear yet, but are often assumed to be akin to the previous SST-Sahel drought linkage(13-15). Here we show, by analysing observational and multi-model data and conducting SST-sensitivity experiments with two state-of-the-art atmospheric models, that the SST key area causing the recent Sahel rainfall recovery is the Mediterranean Sea. Anthropogenic warming of this region has driven the shift from the tropical Atlantic and Indo-Pacific oceans, which historically were the main driver of Sahel drought. The wetting impact of Mediterranean Sea warming can become more dominant in a future warming climate and is key to understanding the uncertainty in future Sahel rainfall projections. C1 [Park, Jong-yeon; Bader, Juergen; Matei, Daniela] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Park, Jong-yeon] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Bader, Juergen] Uni Res, Uni Climate, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Bader, Juergen] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Park, Jong-yeon] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Park, JY (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.; Park, JY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.; Park, JY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM jongyeon@princeton.edu FU BMBF [FKZ:03F0729D, FKZ: 01LP1158A] FX We acknowledge the modelling groups and the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling for their roles in making available the CMIP5 multi-model data set, and the German Climate. Computing Center (DKRZ) for providing the computer hardware for our model experiments. This work was supported by the BMBF projects, RACE (FKZ:03F0729D) and MiKlip (FKZ: 01LP1158A), and was carried out in the frame of the internal MPI-M project 'Tropical VIBES'. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 6 IS 10 BP 941 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE3065 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC7CG UT WOS:000388292800017 ER PT J AU Milly, PCD Dunne, KA AF Milly, P. C. D. Dunne, K. A. TI Potential evapotranspiration and continental drying SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL ARIDITY; GLOBAL DROUGHT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODELS; LAND AB By various measures (drought area(1) and intensity(2), climatic aridity index(3), and climatic water deficits(4)), some observational analyses have suggested that much of the Earth's land has been drying during recent decades, but such drying seems inconsistent with observations of dryland greening and decreasing pan evaporation(5). 'Offline' analyses of climate-model outputs from anthropogenic climate change (ACC) experiments portend continuation of putative drying through the twenty-first century(3,6-10), despite an expected increase in global land precipitation(9). A ubiquitous increase in estimates of potential evapotranspiration (PET), driven by atmospheric warming(11), underlies the drying trends(4,8,9,12), but may be a methodological artefact(5). Here we show that the PET estimator commonly used (the Penman-Monteith PET13 for either an open-water surface(1,2,6,7,12) or a reference crop(3,4,8,9,11)) severely overpredicts the changes in non-water-stressed evapotranspiration computed in the climate models themselves in ACC experiments. This overprediction is partially due to neglect of stomatal conductance reductions commonly induced by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in climate models(5). Our findings imply that historical and future tendencies towards continental drying, as characterized by offline-computed runoff, as well as other PET-dependent metrics, may be considerably weaker and less extensive than previously thought. C1 [Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Milly, PCD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM cmilly@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 16 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 6 IS 10 BP 946 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE3046 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC7CG UT WOS:000388292800018 ER PT J AU Fowell, SE Sandford, K Stewart, JA Castillo, KD Ries, JB Foster, GL AF Fowell, Sara E. Sandford, Kate Stewart, Joseph A. Castillo, Karl D. Ries, Justin B. Foster, Gavin L. TI Intrareef variations in Li/Mg and Sr/Ca sea surface temperature proxies in the Caribbean reef-building coral Siderastrea siderea SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HIGH-RESOLUTION SR/CA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; IN-SITU; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; SKELETAL ARCHITECTURE; MG/CA THERMOMETRY; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; PORITES CORALS AB Caribbean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) have increased at a rate of 0.2 degrees C per decade since 1971, a rate double that of the mean global change. Recent investigations of the coral Siderastrea siderea on the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS) have demonstrated that warming over the last 30years has had a detrimental impact on calcification. Instrumental temperature records in this region are sparse, making it necessary to reconstruct longer SST records indirectly through geochemical temperature proxies. Here we investigate the skeletal Sr/Ca and Li/Mg ratios of S. siderea from two distinct reef zones (forereef and backreef) of the MBRS. Our field calibrations of S. siderea show that Li/Mg and Sr/Ca ratios are well correlated with temperature, although both ratios are 3 times more sensitive to temperature change in the forereef than in the backreef. These differences suggest that a secondary parameter also influences these SST proxies, highlighting the importance for site- and species-specific SST calibrations. Application of these paleothermometers to downcore samples reveals highly uncertain reconstructed temperatures in backreef coral, but well-matched reconstructed temperatures in forereef coral, both between Sr/Ca-SSTs and Li/Mg-SSTs, and in comparison to the Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature record. Reconstructions generated from a combined Sr/Ca and Li/Mg multiproxy calibration improve the precision of these SST reconstructions. This result confirms that there are circumstances in which both Li/Mg and Sr/Ca are reliable as stand-alone and combined proxies of sea surface temperature. However, the results also highlight that high-precision, site-specific calibrations remain critical for reconstructing accurate SSTs from coral-based elemental proxies. C1 [Fowell, Sara E.; Sandford, Kate; Stewart, Joseph A.; Foster, Gavin L.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton, Hants, England. [Stewart, Joseph A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Castillo, Karl D.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ries, Justin B.] Northeastern Univ, Marine Sci Ctr, Nahant, MA USA. RP Fowell, SE (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton, Hants, England. EM s.fowell@noc.soton.ac.uk RI Ries, Justin/B-8391-2017 OI Ries, Justin/0000-0001-8427-206X FU Natural Environment Research Council UK [NE/K500926/1]; National Oceanography Centre Southampton Graduate School; NOAA award [NA13OAR4310186]; NSF award [1437371] FX This research was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council UK (Studentship number NE/K500926/1 to S.E.F.) and the National Oceanography Centre Southampton Graduate School. The collection and preparation of the coral cores were funded by NOAA award NA13OAR4310186 (to J.B.R. and K.D.C.) and NSF award 1437371 (to J.B.R.). Permits for collection and export were granted by the Belize Fisheries Department, Government of Belize. Reynolds data sets are freely available from www.nhc.noaa.gov/sst/ and listed in the supplementary Table S1. Hadley Centre's HadISST1 data are freely available from KNMI Climate Explorer (http://climexp.knmi.nl/) and are also listed in Tables S1 and S5. Supporting analytical data are included as three tables in a supporting information file, and data from other coral studies are cited and referred to in the reference list. Many thanks are extended to the B-team, Andy Milton, and Matt Cooper for their assistance in the clean chemistry and plasma labs. We are also grateful to Caroline Lear and Anabel Morte-Rodenas of Cardiff University for their supplying the multielement bracketing standard. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments which improved this manuscript. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD OCT PY 2016 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1315 EP 1329 DI 10.1002/2016PA002968 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA EC0FX UT WOS:000387775200002 ER PT J AU Fujimoto, M Cavaletto, J Liebig, JR McCarthy, A Vanderploeg, HA Denef, VJ AF Fujimoto, Masanori Cavaletto, Joann Liebig, James R. McCarthy, Ann Vanderploeg, Henry A. Denef, Vincent J. TI Spatiotemporal distribution of bacterioplankton functional groups along a freshwater estuary to pelagic gradient in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bacterioplankton; Seasonal succession; Functional groups; Biogeochemistry; 16S rRNA gene ID MUSSELS DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ORGANIC-MATTER SOURCE; GREAT-LAKES; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; SEASONAL-CHANGES; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; MEDITERRANEAN SEA AB Freshwater bacteria play key roles in biogeochemical cycling and contribute significantly to biomass and energy fluxes. However, studies of Great Lakes ecosystem dynamics often omit bacteria. Here, we used high throughput sequencing to analyze how bacterial diversity and community composition (BCC) vary seasonally along the long-term Muskegon estuary to pelagic research transect. Diversity was higher in the estuary than Lake Michigan, in spring compared to summer, and for particle-associated (PA) relative to free-living (FL) fractions. PA communities were distinct from and more variable than FL communities. For both fractions, spring BCC was more similar between estuary and nearshore Lake Michigan compared to offshore waters. In summer and fall, nearshore and offshore BCC were more similar compared to estuary BCC. Most abundant taxa were inferred to be chemoorganoheterotrophs. While, as a whole, this functional group only showed habitat preference for the PA fraction, we observed phylum- and class-level seasonal and spatial preferences. Chemoorganoheterotrophs that also perform bacteriorhodopsin-mediated phototrophy, such as acI Actinobacteria and LD12, strongly preferred FL fractions. Photoautotrophs (Cyanobacteria) were least abundant in spring, when mixotrophic methylotrophs were more abundant, particularly in the estuary. Organisms with chemolithotrophic capabilities, including a mixotrophic, highly abundant Limnohabitans (Lhab-A1) OTU, showed limited spatiotemporal patterns. One exception was Nitrosospira, an autotrophic ammonium oxidizer, which peaked in deep offshore waters in fall. Nitrosospira co-occurred with Chloroflexi CL500-11, which likely mineralizes nitrogen-rich organic matter in deep waters. These spatiotemporal BCC shifts suggest differences in bacterially mediated elemental cycling along estuary to pelagic gradients in Lake Michigan. (C) 2016 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fujimoto, Masanori; McCarthy, Ann; Denef, Vincent J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cavaletto, Joann; Liebig, James R.; Vanderploeg, Henry A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Denef, VJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM vdenef@umich.edu FU Community Sequencing Program (U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility) [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX VJD was supported by the Community Sequencing Program (U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility, supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231). We are grateful to research staff at the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (Ann Arbor, MI) and the crew of the RN Laurentian for ship time and fieldwork support. This is GLERL Contribution No. 1827. We would like to thank Marian Schmidt for her help with field sampling, Marian Schmidt and Michelle Berry for providing R code, and current members of the Denef laboratory as well as the anonymous reviewers for input on previous versions of this manuscript. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1036 EP 1048 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.07.029 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC3WN UT WOS:000388057900012 ER PT J AU Zuccarino-Crowe, CM Taylor, WW Hansen, MJ Seider, MJ Krueger, CC AF Zuccarino-Crowe, Chiara M. Taylor, William W. Hansen, Michael J. Seider, Michael J. Krueger, Charles C. TI Effects of lake trout refuges on lake whitefish and cisco in the Apostle Islands Region of Lake Superior SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MPA; Reserve; Great Lakes; Native fish; Harvest regulation; Fisheries management ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; GREAT-LAKES; ARTIFICIAL TURF; US WATERS; RESERVES; POPULATION; RECOVERY; DYNAMICS AB Lake trout refuges in the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior are analogous to the concept of marine protected areas. These refuges, established specifically for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and closed to most forms of recreational and commercial fishing, were implicated as one of several management actions leading to successful rehabilitation of Lake Superior lake trout. To investigate the potential significance of Gull Island Shoal and Devils Island Shoal refuges for populations of not only lake trout but also other fish species, relative abundances of lake trout, lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), and cisco (Coregonus artedi) were compared between areas sampled inside versus outside of refuge boundaries. During 1982-2010, lake trout relative abundance was higher and increased faster inside the refuges, where lake trout fishing was prohibited, than outside the refuges. Over the same period, lake whitefish relative abundance increased faster inside than outside the refuges. Both evaluations provided clear evidence that refuges protected these species. In contrast, trends in relative abundance of cisco, a prey item of lake trout, did not differ significantly between areas inside and outside the refuges. This result did not suggest indirect or cascading refuge effects due to changes in predator levels. Overall, this study highlights the potential of species-specific refuges to benefit other fish species beyond those that were the refuges' original target. Improved understanding of refuge effects on multiple species of Great Lakes fishes can be valuable for developing rationales for refuge establishment and predicting associated fish community-level effects. (C) 2016 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zuccarino-Crowe, Chiara M.; Taylor, William W.; Krueger, Charles C.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 1405 S Harrison Rd,Suite 115 Manly Miles Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Hansen, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Seider, Michael J.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 141 South Third St, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. [Zuccarino-Crowe, Chiara M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuary Fdn, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, 1305 East West Highway,11th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hansen, Michael J.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2800 Lake Shore Dr East, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Zuccarino-Crowe, CM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 1405 S Harrison Rd,Suite 115 Manly Miles Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.; Zuccarino-Crowe, CM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuary Fdn, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, 1305 East West Highway,11th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM c.zuccarino.crowe@gmail.com; taylorw@anr.msu.edu; michaelhansen@usgs.gov; mike_seider@fws.gov; Kruege62@anr.msu.edu FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-0802267]; Janice Lee Fenske Excellence in Fisheries Management Fellowship FX This research was primarily supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant no. DGE-0802267, with additional support from a Janice Lee Fenske Excellence in Fisheries Management Fellowship. The authors would like to thank the biologists and technicians of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bayfield field station, including crewmembers of the R/V Hack Noyes, who collected the data used for this research through decades of field surveys. Additional assistance with the conceptual formation of this study was provided by Owen Gorman (USGS), Charles Bronte (USFWS), and Bill Mattes (GLIFWC). We would also like to extend thanks to Jack Liu, Michael Nelson, Dan Hayes, Matt Catalano, Brian Irwin, Dana Infante, Neil Carter, and Abigail Lynch for their technical advice and thoughtful comments during initial drafts of this manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This article is Contribution 2066 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1092 EP 1101 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.07.011 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC3WN UT WOS:000388057900017 ER PT J AU Simpson, NT Honsey, A Rutherford, ES Hook, TO AF Simpson, Nicholas T. Honsey, Andrew Rutherford, Edward S. Hook, Tomas O. TI Spatial shifts in salmonine harvest, harvest rate, and effort by charter boat anglers in Lake Michigan, 1992-2012 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Harvest; Distribution; Invasive species; Climate change; Nearshore shunt; Diet shift ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; CHINOOK SALMON; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; ROUND GOBY; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; TROUT MOVEMENTS; PACIFIC SALMON; ONTARIO; FISH AB Stocked and naturally reproducing salmonids in Lake Michigan support an economically important charter boat fishery which operates from multiple locations around the lake. Charter boat operators depend on the sustain ability and spatial availability of salmonid species. We analyzed the spatial distributions of charter boat harvest of brown trout, Chinook salmon, coho salmon, lake trout, and rainbow trout from 1992 to 2012. We found that during this 21 year period fishing effort shifted closer to shore, to the west, and to the north. Harvest of some species, namely lake trout and rainbow trout, shifted towards shallower bottom depths and closer to shore. In contrast, harvests of Chinook and coho salmon have not shifted closer to shore in a consistent manner. We suggest that a variety of factors may have contributed to these trends in harvest patterns, including recent ecosystem shifts in Lake Michigan. While we acknowledge that spatial harvest patterns are unlikely to precisely mirror salmonid distribution patterns, we believe that reporting coarse shifts in harvest has implications for future management options including, but not limited to, stocking decisions and harvest regulations. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Simpson, Nicholas T.; Honsey, Andrew; Hook, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Hook, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant Program, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Honsey, Andrew] Univ Minnesota, Ecol Evolut & Behav Grad Program, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Simpson, NT (reprint author), 339 Sci Hall 2,2310 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM simpson9@iastate.edu NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1109 EP 1117 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.07.030 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC3WN UT WOS:000388057900019 ER PT J AU Grams, HM Kirstetter, PE Gourley, JJ AF Grams, Heather M. Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Gourley, Jonathan J. TI Naive Bayesian Precipitation Type Retrieval from Satellite Using a Cloud-Top and Ground-Radar Matched Climatology SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; GOES-R; CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM; MSG SEVIRI; REFLECTIVITY; RAINFALL; IDENTIFICATION; NETWORK; WSR-88D; SYSTEM AB Satellite-based precipitation estimates are a vital resource for hydrologic applications in data-sparse regions of the world, particularly at daily or longer time scales. With the launch of a new generation of high-resolution imagers on geostationary platforms such as the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite series R (GOES-R), an opportunity exists to advance the detection and estimation of flash-flood-scale precipitation events from space beyond what is currently available. Because visible and infrared sensors can only observe cloud-top properties, many visible- and infrared-band-based rainfall algorithms attempt to first classify clouds before deriving a rain rate. This study uses a 2-yr database of cloud-top properties from proxy Advanced Baseline Imager radiances from GOES-R matched to surface precipitation types from the Multi-Radar Multi Sensor (MRMS) system to develop a naive Bayesian precipitation type classifier for the four major types of precipitation in MRMS: stratiform, convective, tropical, and hail. Evaluation of the naive Bayesian precipitation type product showed a bias toward classifying convective and stratiform at the expense of tropical and hail. The tropical and hail classes in MRMS are derived based on the vertical structure and magnitude of radar reflectivity, which may not translate to an obvious signal at cloud top for a satellite-based algorithm. However, the satellite-based product correctly classified the hail areas as being convective in nature for the vast majority of missed hail events. C1 [Grams, Heather M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2100, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Grams, Heather M.; Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Grams, HM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2100, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM heather.moser@noaa.gov RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229 FU GOES-R Program and NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NAIIOAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX Funding for this project was provided by the GOES-R Program and NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NAIIOAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce, which the authors gratefully acknowledge. We also thank Robert Rabin and the three anonymous reviewers for their technical assistance and thoughtful feedback on our analysis and manuscript. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 17 IS 10 BP 2649 EP 2665 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-16-0058.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB8HN UT WOS:000387632200007 ER PT J AU Smith, TM Shen, SSP Ferraro, RR AF Smith, Thomas M. Shen, Samuel S. P. Ferraro, Ralph R. TI Superensemble Statistical Forecasting of Monthly Precipitation over the Contiguous United States, with Improvements from Ocean-Area Precipitation Predictors SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANONICAL CORRELATION-ANALYSIS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; ENSEMBLE FORECASTS; SEASONAL CLIMATE; PREDICTABILITY; SPECIFICATION; ANOMALIES; WEATHER; SKILL AB Extended precipitation forecasts, with leads of weeks to seasons, are valuable for planning water use and are produced by the U.S. National Weather Service. Forecast skill tends to be low and any skill improvement could be valuable. Here, methods are discussed for improving statistical precipitation forecasting over the contiguous United States. Monthly precipitation is forecast using predictors from the previous month. Testing shows that improvements are obtained from both improved statistical methods and from the use of satellite-based ocean area precipitation predictors. The statistical superensemble method gives higher skill compared to traditional statistical forecasting. Ensemble statistical forecasting combines individual forecasts. The proposed super ensemble is a weighted mean of many forecasts or of forecasts from different prediction systems and uses the forecast reliability estimate to define weights. The method is tested with different predictors to show its skill and how skill can be improved using additional predictors. Cross validation is used to evaluate the skill. Although predictions are strongly influenced by ENSO, in the superensemble other regions contribute more to the forecast skill. The superensemble optimally combines forecasts based on different predictor regions and predictor types. The contribution from multiple predictor regions improves skill and reduces the ENSO spring barrier. Adding satellite-based ocean-area precipitation predictors noticeably increases forecast skill. The resulting skill is comparable to that from dynamic-model forecasts, but the regions with best forecast skill may be different. This paper shows that the statistical superensemble forecasts may be complementary to dynamic forecasts and that combining them may further increase forecast skill. C1 [Smith, Thomas M.; Ferraro, Ralph R.] Univ Maryland, NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.; Ferraro, Ralph R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shen, Samuel S. P.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Smith, TM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res Ct,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tom.smith@noaa.gov RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS-1015926, AGS-1015957]; NOAA [2014-1229, NA14NES4320003] FX We thank Kingtse Mo and William Lau for useful discussion and suggestions. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. Government. S.S.P.S. acknowledges the financial support from the U.S. National Science Foundation's research Grants (Awards AGS-1015926 and AGS-1015957). The Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites is funded by the NOAA Cooperative Agreement 2014-1229, Award Number NA14NES4320003. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 17 IS 10 BP 2699 EP 2711 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-16-0018.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB8HN UT WOS:000387632200010 ER PT J AU Cortes, E AF Cortes, Enric TI Perspectives on the intrinsic rate of population growth SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE conservation; density dependence; density independence; Euler-Lotka equation; extinction risk; sharks; wildlife management ID LIFE-HISTORY; NATURAL MORTALITY; EXTINCTION RISK; FISH; SHARKS; AGE; RECOVERY; SURVIVAL; INCREASE; RAYS AB 1. The intrinsic rate of population increase (r(max)) is a fundamental metric in ecology and evolution of immediate practical application in conservation and wildlife management. I examine the interpretation of r(max) by revisiting the theory behind the density-independent and density-dependent paradigms. The criticism that density-independent approaches underestimate r(max) per se, often expressed in the field of fisheries, is shown to be theoretically unfounded. The difficulty in estimating r(max) is due to lack of knowledge on the depletion level of the population rather than theory. 2. I reviewed a method commonly used to estimate extinction risk of marine and terrestrial populations and show that it has been used incorrectly. I also examined five other methods to calculate r(max), the Euler-Lotka equation, and four other methods derived from it. 3. I used the same data inputs for a suite of 65 shark populations with a broad range of life histories as an example to show that the incorrectly used extinction risk method overestimates r(max). I compared the r(max) values for sharks obtained with the incorrectly applied extinction risk method to published values for other vertebrate taxa to further show that this method generates implausible values for this group of predators. 4. I advocate focusing on obtaining estimates of all required vital rates simultaneously when possible while taking into consideration the exploitation history of the population under study as a pragmatic way to provide plausible estimates of r(max). 5. The Euler-Lotka equation and its derivations are recommended for different degrees of data availability, particularly for slow-and medium-growing populations, to provide sensible advice for conservation and management of living vertebrates in situations where a series of credible abundance estimates are not available as is often the case in marine systems. Methods that combine allometry and demography should also be further explored. C1 [Cortes, Enric] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Cortes, E (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM enric.cortes@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1136 EP 1145 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12592 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB8VZ UT WOS:000387670700001 ER PT J AU Kotula, AP Meyer, MW De Vito, F Plog, J Walker, ARH Migler, KB AF Kotula, Anthony P. Meyer, Matthew W. De Vito, Francesca Plog, Jan Walker, Angela R. Hight Migler, Kalman B. TI The rheo-Raman microscope: Simultaneous chemical, conformational, mechanical, and microstructural measures of soft materials SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID EARLY-STAGE CRYSTALLIZATION; POLYETHYLENE; SCATTERING; SPECTRA; ALKANES; CHAIN; TEMPERATURE; VIBRATIONS; OIL AB The design and performance of an instrument capable of simultaneous Raman spectroscopy, rheology, and optical microscopy are described. The instrument couples a Raman spectrometer and optical microscope to a rotational rheometer through an optically transparent base, and the resulting simultaneous measurements are particularly advantageous in situations where flow properties vary due to either chemical or conformational changes in molecular structure, such as in crystallization, melting, gelation, or curing processes. Instrument performance is demonstrated on two material systems that show thermal transitions. First, we perform steady state rotational tests, Raman spectroscopy, and polarized reflection microscopy during a melting transition in a cosmetic emulsion. Second, we perform small amplitude oscillatory shear measurements along with Raman spectroscopy and polarized reflection microscopy during crystallization of a high density polyethylene. The instrument can be applied to study structure-property relationships in a variety of soft materials including thermoset resins, liquid crystalline materials, colloidal suspensions undergoing sol-gel processes, and biomacromolecules. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. C1 [Kotula, Anthony P.; Migler, Kalman B.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Meyer, Matthew W.] Thermo Fisher Sci, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [De Vito, Francesca] Thermo Fisher Sci, Tewksbury, MA 01876 USA. [Plog, Jan] Thermo Fisher Sci, D-76227 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Migler, KB (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kalman.migler@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 87 IS 10 AR 105105 DI 10.1063/1.4963746 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EB8SS UT WOS:000387661900058 PM 27802720 ER PT J AU Chen, T Foley, BJ Park, C Brown, CM Harriger, LW Lee, J Ruff, J Yoon, M Choi, JJ Lee, SH AF Chen, Tianran Foley, Benjamin J. Park, Changwon Brown, Craig M. Harriger, Leland W. Lee, Jooseop Ruff, Jacob Yoon, Mina Choi, Joshua J. Lee, Seung-Hun TI Entropy-driven structural transition and kinetic trapping in formamidinium lead iodide perovskite SO SCIENCE ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; ORGANIC CATIONS; EFFICIENCY; PHASE AB A challenge of hybrid perovskite solar cells is device instability, which calls for an understanding of the perovskite structural stability and phase transitions. Using neutron diffraction and first-principles calculations on formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI(3)), we show that the entropy contribution to the Gibbs free energy caused by isotropic rotations of the FA(+) cation plays a crucial role in the cubic-to-hexagonal structural phase transition. Furthermore, we observe that the cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition exhibits a large thermal hysteresis. Our first-principles calculations confirm the existence of a potential barrier between the cubic and hexagonal structures, which provides an explanation for the observed thermal hysteresis. By exploiting the potential barrier, we demonstrate kinetic trapping of the cubic phase, desirable for solar cells, even at 8.2 K by thermal quenching. C1 [Chen, Tianran; Lee, Seung-Hun] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Foley, Benjamin J.; Choi, Joshua J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Park, Changwon; Yoon, Mina] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Brown, Craig M.; Harriger, Leland W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Jooseop; Ruff, Jacob] Cornell Univ, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.; Choi, JJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM jjc6z@virginia.edu; shlee@virginia.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 23 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2375-2548 J9 SCI ADV JI Sci. Adv. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 2 IS 10 AR e1601650 DI 10.1126/sciadv.1601650 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC2YV UT WOS:000387991500047 PM 27819055 ER PT J AU Hong, L Jain, N Cheng, XL Bernal, A Tyagi, M Smith, JC AF Hong, Liang Jain, Nitin Cheng, Xiaolin Bernal, Ana Tyagi, Madhusudan Smith, Jeremy C. TI Determination of functional collective motions in a protein at atomic resolution using coherent neutron scattering SO SCIENCE ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID MERCURIC ION REDUCTASE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE; CYTOCHROME P450CAM; INTERMEDIATE; TRANSITIONS; SUBSTRATE AB Protein function often depends on global, collective internal motions. However, the simultaneous quantitative experimental determination of the forms, amplitudes, and time scales of these motions has remained elusive. We demonstrate that a complete description of these large-scale dynamic modes can be obtained using coherent neutron-scattering experiments on perdeuterated samples. With this approach, a microscopic relationship between the structure, dynamics, and function in a protein, cytochrome P450cam, is established. The approach developed here should be of general applicability to protein systems. C1 [Hong, Liang] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Hong, Liang] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Jain, Nitin; Bernal, Ana] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Cheng, Xiaolin; Smith, Jeremy C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cheng, Xiaolin; Smith, Jeremy C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hong, L (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.; Hong, L (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.; Smith, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.; Smith, JC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hongl3liang@sjtu.edu.cn; smithjc@ornl.gov RI smith, jeremy/B-7287-2012; hong, liang/D-5647-2012 OI smith, jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227; NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2375-2548 J9 SCI ADV JI Sci. Adv. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 2 IS 10 AR e1600886 DI 10.1126/sciadv.1600886 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC2YV UT WOS:000387991500022 ER PT J AU Norcia, MA Winchester, MN Cline, JRK Thompson, JK AF Norcia, Matthew A. Winchester, Matthew N. Cline, Julia R. K. Thompson, James K. TI Superradiance on the millihertz linewidth strontium clock transition SO SCIENCE ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID DICKE SUPERRADIANCE; SUPER-RADIANCE; LASER; PHOTON; CAVITY AB Laser frequency noise contributes a significant limitation to today's best atomic clocks. A proposed solution to this problem is to create a superradiant laser using an optical clock transition as its gain medium. This laser would act as an active atomic clock and would be highly immune to the fluctuations in reference cavity length that limit today's best lasers. We demonstrate and characterize superradiant emission from the millihertz linewidth clock transition in an ensemble of laser-cooled Sr-87 atoms trapped within a high-finesse optical cavity. We measure a collective enhancement of the emission rate into the cavity mode by a factor of more than 10,000 compared to independently radiating atoms. We also demonstrate a method for seeding superradiant emission and observe interference between two independent transitions lasing simultaneously. We use this interference to characterize the relative spectral properties of the two lasing subensembles. C1 [Norcia, Matthew A.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Norcia, MA (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM matthew.norcia@colorado.edu NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2375-2548 J9 SCI ADV JI Sci. Adv. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 2 IS 10 AR e1601231 DI 10.1126/sciadv.1601231 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC2YV UT WOS:000387991500037 ER PT J AU Zutz, A Nesbitt, DJ AF Zutz, Amelia Nesbitt, David J. TI Quantum state-resolved molecular scattering of NO ((2)Pi(1/2)) at the gas-[C(n)mim][Tf2N] room temperature ionic liquid interface: Dependence on alkyl chain length, collision energy, and temperature SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SURFACE-TENSION; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; IMIDAZOLIUM CATION; CO2 SCATTERING; DISTRIBUTIONS; ANION; ELECTROLYTES AB Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) represent a promising class of chemically tunable, low vapor pressure solvents with myriad kinetic applications that depend sensitively on the nature of gas-molecule interactions at the liquid surface. This paper reports on rovibronically inelastic dynamics at the gas-RTIL interface, colliding supersonically cooled hyperthermal molecular beams of NO ((2)Pi(1/2), N = 0) from 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (or [C(n)mim][Tf2N]) and probing the scattered NO molecules via laser induced fluorescence (LIF) from the A((2)Sigma) state. Specifically, inelastic energy transfer into NO rovibrational and electronic degrees of freedom is explored as a function of RTIL alkyl chain length (n), incident collision energy (E-inc) and surface temperature (T-s). At low collision energies (E-inc = 2.7(9) kcal/mol), the scattered NO molecules exhibit a rotational temperature (T-rot) systematically colder than T-s for all chain lengths, which signals the presence of non-equilibrium dynamics in the desorption channel. At high collision energies (E-inc = 20(2) kcal/mol), microscopic branching into trapping/desorption (TD) and impulsive scattering (IS) pathways is clearly evident, with the TD fraction (alpha) exhibiting a step-like increase between short (n = 2, 4) and long (n = 8, 12, 16) alkyl chains consistent with theoretical predictions. For all hydrocarbon chain lengths and RTIL temperature conditions, NO rotational excitation in the IS channel yields hyperthermal albeit Boltzmann-like distributions well described by a "temperature" (T-IS = 900 -1200 K) that decreases systematically with increasing n. Non-adiabatic, collision induced hopping between ground and excited spin-orbit states is found to be independent of RTIL alkyl chain length and yet increase with collision energy. The scattering data confirm previous experimental reports of an enhanced presence of the alkyl tail at the gas-RTIL interface with increasing n, as well as provide support for theoretical predictions of an alkyl length dependent shift between chains oriented parallel vs. perpendicular to the surface normal. (C) 2016 Author(s). C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0139]; National Science Foundation [CHE1266416, PHYS1125844] FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-12-1-0139), with additional funds for vacuum equipment and lasers provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE1266416, PHYS1125844). NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 6 IS 10 AR 105207 DI 10.1063/1.4966045 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EB7MH UT WOS:000387571200034 ER PT J AU Lawley, JW Ames, CL Bentlage, B Yanagihara, A Goodwill, R Kayal, E Hurwitz, K Collins, AG AF Lawley, Jonathan W. Ames, Cheryl Lewis Bentlage, Bastian Yanagihara, Angel Goodwill, Roger Kayal, Ehsan Hurwitz, Kikiana Collins, Allen G. TI Box Jellyfish Alatina alata Has a Circumtropical Distribution SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CNIDARIA CUBOZOA; LIFE-CYCLE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; LARVAL DISPERSAL; SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENIES; EVOLUTION; SOFTWARE; IRUKANDJI; INSIGHTS AB Species of the box jellyfish (Cubozoa) genus Alatina are notorious for their sting along the beaches of several localities of the Atlantic and Pacific. These species include Alatina alata on the Caribbean Island of Bonaire (the Netherlands), A. moseri in Hawaii, and A. mordens in Australia. Most cubozoans inhabit coastal waters, but Alatina is unusual in that specimens have also been collected in the open ocean at great depths. Alatina is notable in that populations form monthly aggregations for spermcast mating in conjunction with the lunar cycle. Nominal species are difficult to differentiate morphologically, and it has been unclear whether they are distinct or a single species with worldwide distribution. Here we report the results of a population genetic study, using nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data from four geographical localities. Our analyses revealed a general lack of geographic structure among Alatina populations, and slight though significant isolation by distance. These data corroborate morphological and behavioral similarities observed in the geographically disparate localities, and indicate the presence of a single, pantropically distributed species, Alatina alata. While repeated, human-mediated introductions of A. alata could explain the patterns we have observed, it seems more likely that genetic metapopulation cohesion is maintained via dispersal through the swimming medusa stage, and perhaps via dispersal of encysted planulae, which are described here for the first time in Alatina. C1 [Lawley, Jonathan W.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Ecol & Zool, BR-88040970 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Lawley, Jonathan W.; Ames, Cheryl Lewis; Bentlage, Bastian; Kayal, Ehsan; Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ames, Cheryl Lewis] Univ Maryland, Grad Sch Biol Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yanagihara, Angel] Univ Hawaii Manoa, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Trop Med Med Microbiol & Pharmacol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Goodwill, Roger; Hurwitz, Kikiana] Brigham Young Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Laie, HI 96792 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NOAA,Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lawley, JW (reprint author), Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Ecol & Zool, BR-88040970 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.; Lawley, JW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM jonathan.lawley@yahoo.com.br RI Lawley, Jonathan/S-5825-2016; OI Lawley, Jonathan/0000-0003-1267-5294; Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 FU Brigham Young University-Hawaii Student Associateship Research Fund; Yamagata Foundation; Biology Department Student Mentored Research Fund FX Geoff Keel and the rest of the collections staff of the Department of Invertebrate Zoology at the Smithsonian NMNH are gratefully acknowledged for assistance in working with specimens. This work would not have been possible without the generous support of Rita Peachey and staff of CIEE Bonaire; citizen scientists Bud Gillan, Johan van Blerk, and Arjen van Dorsten; and the cooperation of the staff of STINAPA Bonaire. We also acknowledge Julia Souza's assistance, from the Marine Biodiversity Lab at UFSC, for phylogeographic analysis. Much of this work was performed using resources of the Laboratories of Analytical Biology at the Smithsonian NMNH. Saipan research was financially supported by the Brigham Young University-Hawaii Student Associateship Research Fund, Yamagata Foundation, and Biology Department Student Mentored Research Fund. Collection support by BYU-Hawaii students include Sheung Ting, Abigail Smith, Haley Sorenson-Pruitt, Tavaiilau Lueli, and Teylon Wilson. NR 112 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0006-3185 EI 1939-8697 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 231 IS 2 BP 152 EP 169 PG 18 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EB3IE UT WOS:000387256600007 PM 27820907 ER PT J AU Soisuvarn, S Jelenak, Z Said, F Chang, PS Egido, A AF Soisuvarn, Seubson Jelenak, Zorana Said, Faozi Chang, Paul S. Egido, Alejandro TI The GNSS Reflectometry Response to the Ocean Surface Winds and Waves SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Cyclone global navigation satellite system (CYGNSS); global navigation satellite system-reflectometry (GNSS-R); ocean surface winds; scatterometry ID MODEL FUNCTION; SEA-SURFACE; SCATTERING; SIGNALS AB This paper investigates the global navigation satellite system-reflectometry (GNSS-R) measurements collected by the space GNSS receiver-remote sensing instrument (SGR-ReSI) on board the TechDemoSat-1 (TDS-1) satellite. The sensitivity of the SGR-ReSI measurements to the ocean surface winds and waves is characterized. The correlationwith sea surface temperature (SST), wind direction, and rain is also investigated. The SGR-ReSI measurements exhibit clear sensitivity to wind speeds up to 20 m/s. There is also apparent sensitivity to 35 m/s wind speeds although the collocation dataset becomes sparser. A dependence on the swell is also observed for winds <6 m/s. Additionally, a small correlation with SST is observed in which the slope of the SGR-ReSI measurements is positive for winds <5 m/s, and reverses for winds >5 m/s. A weak wind direction signal was also observed, and an investigation of rain impacts did not conclusively confirm any influence on the data. These results are shown through an analysis of global statistics as well as an analysis of several case studies. This publicly released SGR-ReSI dataset provided a first opportunity to comprehensively investigate the sensitivity of GNSS-R measurements to various ocean surface parameters. The upcoming NASA cyclone global navigation satellite system will utilize a similar receiver to the SGI-ReSI; therefore, this data provides a valuable prelaunch insight. C1 [Soisuvarn, Seubson; Jelenak, Zorana; Said, Faozi; Chang, Paul S.; Egido, Alejandro] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Soisuvarn, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM seubson.soisuvarn@noaa.gov; zorana.jelenak@noaa.gov; faozi.said@noaa.gov; paul.s.chang@noaa.gov; alejandro.egido@noaa.gov RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Egido, Alejandro/J-3362-2016; Soisuvarn, Seubson/R-8130-2016 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; Egido, Alejandro/0000-0003-1489-727X; Soisuvarn, Seubson/0000-0002-1373-8974 FU NASA Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System project; NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System project and in part by the NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 9 IS 10 SI SI BP 4678 EP 4699 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2602703 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EB5XO UT WOS:000387454400014 ER PT J AU Said, F Soisuvarn, S Jelenak, Z Chang, PS AF Said, Faozi Soisuvarn, Seubson Jelenak, Zorana Chang, Paul S. TI Performance Assessment of Simulated CYGNSS Measurements in the Tropical Cyclone Environment SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Geophysical measurements; global positioning system; microwave reflectometry; radar measurements; remote sensing; scattering; sea surface; wind ID WIND-SPEED; REFLECTED GPS; OCEAN; SIGNALS; SYSTEM AB The capability of the cyclone global navigation satellite system (CYGNSS) to observe winds within tropical cyclones (TCs) is assessed by using simulated CYGNSS observations over 43 cyclones from 2010 to 2011. The CYGNSS end-to-end simulator (E2ES) is utilized to generate delay-Doppler maps from which wind speeds are then retrieved. These wind speeds are first compared to the high-resolution model winds input into the E2ES. For range corrected gain (RCG) values greater than 20, the CYGNSS winds have a standard deviation of 0.57 m/s relative to these model winds. An error probability lookup table is developed to improve performance for RCG values lower than 20, as well as minimizing data loss (up to 4.4%). Since actual TCs are utilized in this study, the CYGNSS winds are also compared to winds from the advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT), the Oceansat-II scatterometer, GPS dropsondes, the stepped frequency microwave radiometer, and the H*wind model analysis. The CYGNSS winds compared best to the ASCAT winds with an overall bias around -0.4 m/s, and a standard deviation less than 1.54 m/s. GPS dropsonde winds compared less favorably with a standard deviation around 7.36 m/s, which can be partially attributed to spatial and temporal sampling differences. The CYGNSS ability to retrieve the TC maximum wind is also evaluated using the national hurricane center best track maximum winds. Although the CYGNSS overall bias varied from season to season (from -4.7 m/s in the Atlantic basin-2011 to -13.0 m/s in the Atlantic basin-2010), the standard deviation remained fairly consistent. C1 [Said, Faozi] Global Sci & Technol, Sci Tech 2, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Soisuvarn, Seubson; Jelenak, Zorana; Chang, Paul S.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Said, F (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol, Sci Tech 2, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM faozi.said@noaa.gov; seubson.soisuvarn@noaa.gov; zorana.jelenak@noaa.gov; paul.s.chang@noaa.gov RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Soisuvarn, Seubson/R-8130-2016 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; Soisuvarn, Seubson/0000-0002-1373-8974 FU NASA CYGNSS project (NASA Science Mission Directorate Contract) [NNL13AQ00C]; NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program FX This work was supported in part by the NASA CYGNSS project (NASA Science Mission Directorate Contract NNL13AQ00C) and the NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 9 IS 10 SI SI BP 4709 EP 4719 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2559782 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EB5XO UT WOS:000387454400016 ER PT J AU Gang, C Wang, Z Zhou, W Chen, Y Li, J Chen, J Qi, J Odeh, I Groisman, PY AF Gang, C. Wang, Z. Zhou, W. Chen, Y. Li, J. Chen, J. Qi, J. Odeh, I. Groisman, P. Y. TI Assessing the Spatiotemporal Dynamic of Global Grassland Water Use Efficiency in Response to Climate Change from 2000 to 2013 SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon and water cycles; evapotranspiration (ET); global grassland ecosystems; grassland water budget; net primary productivity (NPP); NPP/ET ratio; water use efficiency (WUE) ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ALGORITHM; QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; CHINA; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; DROUGHT; FOREST AB Water use efficiency (WUE), which is a ratio of net primary production (NPP) to evapotranspiration (ET), is an important index representing the relationship between carbon and water cycles. This study evaluates the spatiotemporal dynamics of global grassland WUE from 2000 to 2013 to reveal the different responses of each grassland type to climate variations. Their correlations with climate variables are also investigated to reflect their dependence on climate. The average annual WUE of different grassland types follows an order of: closed shrublands > woody savannas > savannas > open shrublands > non-woody grasslands. Although the NPP of all grassland types has increased from 2000 to 2013, 37.89 % of grassland ecosystems globally experienced a decreased WUE, in which 3.34 % has extremely significantly decreased. The WUE of open shrublands, woody savannas and non-woody grasslands shows an overall descending trend because of the exceeding increasing rate of ET. By contrast, the decreased ET contributes to the overall ascending trend of the WUE of closed shrublands and savannas over this period. Moreover, the WUE of each grassland type reacts differently to climate variations in the northern and southern hemispheres. The grassland WUE dynamic is more controlled by precipitation than temperature at a global scale. C1 [Gang, C.] Northwest A&F Univ, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Gang, C.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Gang, C.] Minist Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Gang, C.; Wang, Z.; Zhou, W.; Chen, Y.; Li, J.] Nanjing Univ, Global Change Res Inst, Coll Life Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Chen, J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Qi, J.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Odeh, I.] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr & Environm, Dept Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Groisman, P. Y.] NOAA, NCDC, Asheville, NC USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Global Change Res Inst, Coll Life Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM jianlongli@gmail.com FU APN Global Change Fund Project [ARCP2013-16NMY-Li]; National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973 Program) [2010CB950702]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271361]; National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 Program) [2007AA10Z231]; Public Sector Linkages Program - Australian Agency for International Development (PSLP) [64828] FX This work was supported by the 'APN Global Change Fund Project (No. ARCP2013-16NMY-Li)', 'National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973 Program, No. 2010CB950702)', the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41271361), 'National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 Program, No. 2007AA10Z231)', and the Public Sector Linkages Program supported by Australian Agency for International Development (PSLP, No. 64828). We also thank Prof. Jizhou Ren from Lanzhou University for his guidance on the method, Prof. Yiqi Luo from Oklahoma State University, Prof. Jiquan Chen from the University of Toledo, Prof. Jiyuan Liu and Guirui Yu from Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy Science for their guidance on this work. We also appreciate the Numerical Terra dynamic Simulation Group (NTSG) and British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC) for sharing data sets. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2250 EI 1439-037X J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 202 IS 5 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.1111/jac.12137 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EB2XE UT WOS:000387225100001 ER PT J AU Ikeda, CE Cochlan, WP Bronicheski, CM Trainer, VL Trick, CG AF Ikeda, Christopher E. Cochlan, William P. Bronicheski, Cayla M. Trainer, Vera L. Trick, Charles G. TI The effects of salinity on the cellular permeability and cytotoxicity of Heterosigma akashiwo SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cellular permeability; cytotoxicity; Heterosigma akashiwo; ichthyotoxicity; salinity; temperature ID OLISTHODISCUS-LUTEUS CHRYSOPHYCEAE; ARTIFICIAL SEAWATER MEDIUM; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; CHATTONELLA-MARINA; RED TIDE; SKELETONEMA-COSTATUM; RAPHIDOPHYCEAE BLOOM; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; LIGHT-INTENSITY; FISH CELLS AB A laboratory study using the fish-killing raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo was conducted to examine its capability to grow at salinities below oceanic, and to test the perceived relationship between reduced salinities and increased cytotoxicity. A nonaxenic strain of H.akashiwo isolated from the U.S. Pacific Northwest was exposed to a combination of three salinity (32, 20, and 10) and five temperature (14.7 degrees C, 18.4 degrees C, 21.4 degrees C, 24.4 degrees C and 27.8 degrees C) conditions. Our results demonstrate that cell permeability and cytotoxicity are strongly correlated in unialgal cultures of H.akashiwo, which both increased as salinity decreased from 32 to 10. Furthermore, over a broad median range of salinities (10 and 20), neither temperature nor specific growth rate was correlated with cytotoxicity. However, in cultures grown at the salinity of 32, both temperature and specific growth rate were inversely proportional to toxicity; this relationship was likely due to the effect of contamination by an unidentified species of Skeletonema in those cultures. The presence of Skeletonema sp. resulted in a cytotoxic response from H.akashiwo that was greater than the response caused by salinity alone. These laboratory results reveal the capability of H.akashiwo to become more toxic not only at reduced salinities but also in competition with another algal species. Changes in cell permeability in response to salinity may be an acclimation mechanism by which H.akashiwo is able to respond rapidly to different salinities. Furthermore, due to its strong positive correlation with cytotoxicity, cellular permeability is potentially associated with the ichthyotoxic pathway of this raphytophyte. C1 [Ikeda, Christopher E.; Cochlan, William P.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, 3150 Paradise Dr, San Francisco, CA 94920 USA. [Bronicheski, Cayla M.; Trick, Charles G.] Western Univ, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Ikeda, CE (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, 3150 Paradise Dr, San Francisco, CA 94920 USA. EM christopher.ikeda@gmail.com FU U.S. NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research Project [NA10NOS4780160]; COAST; NSERC FX We thank Mr. Brian Bill and Mrs. Bich-Thuy Eberhart for conducting the gill cell analyses. We also thank Mr. Julian Herndon for his assistance. This study is the result of ECOHAB research funded by the U.S. NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research Project no. NA10NOS4780160 and COAST research grants awarded to SFSU (WPC & CEI), and a NSERC Discovery Grant awarded to CGT. This is ECOHAB Publication Number 850. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 EI 1529-8817 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 52 IS 5 BP 745 EP 760 DI 10.1111/jpy.12433 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EB5LB UT WOS:000387414800006 PM 27257987 ER PT J AU Bassett, C Lavery, AC Maksym, T Wilkinson, JP AF Bassett, Christopher Lavery, Andone C. Maksym, Ted Wilkinson, Jeremy P. TI Broadband acoustic backscatter from crude oil under laboratory-grown sea ice SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OCEAN MEASUREMENTS; PURE WATER; UNDER-ICE; SCATTERING; SOUND; ZOOPLANKTON; ABSORPTION; BEHAVIOR; SPEED AB In ice-covered seas, traditional air-side oil spill detection methods face practical challenges. Conversely, under-ice remote sensing techniques are increasingly viable due to improving operational capabilities of autonomous and remotely operated vehicles. To investigate the potential for under-ice detection of oil spills using active acoustics, laboratory measurements of high-frequency, broadband backscatter (75-590 kHz) from crude oil layers (0.7-8.1 cm) under and encapsulated within sea ice were performed at normal and 20 degrees incidence angles. Discrete interfaces (water-oil, oil-ice, and ice-oil) are identifiable in observations following oil injections under the ice and during the subsequent encapsulation. A one-dimensional model for the total normal incidence backscatter from oil under ice, constrained by oil sound speed measurements from - 10 degrees C to 20 degrees C and improved environmental measurements compared to previous studies, agrees well with preencapsulation observations. At 20 degrees incidence angles echoes from the ice and oil under ice are more complex and spatially variable than normal incidence observations, most likely due to interface roughness and volume inhomogeneities. Encapsulated oil layers are only detected at normal incidence. The results suggest that high-frequency, broadband backscatter techniques may allow under-ice remote sensing for the detection and quantification of oil spills. (C) 2016 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Bassett, Christopher; Lavery, Andone C.; Maksym, Ted] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wilkinson, Jeremy P.] British Antarctic Survey, High Cross Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Bassett, Christopher] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NW, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bassett, C (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.; Bassett, C (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NW, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chris.bassett@noaa.gov FU International Oil and Gas Producers Arctic Oil Spill Technology Joint Industry Programme [28-13-14]; WHOI Postdoctoral Scholar Program; United States Geological Survey; Ocean Acoustics Program at the Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank the technical staff in CRREL's Ice Engineering Division, especially Leonard Zabilansky, Ben Winn, Nate Lamie, and Jesse Stanley, for support throughout the project. Zoe Courville and Bruce Elder drilled and analyzed the ice cores. D. J. Tang and several reviewers provided valuable comments on the draft manuscript. In addition we thank Jessica Garron, Scott Pegau, and the Prince William Sound Science Center Oil Spill Recovery Institute. Funding for this research was provided by the International Oil and Gas Producers Arctic Oil Spill Technology Joint Industry Programme under Contract No. 28-13-14. C.B. was supported by the WHOI Postdoctoral Scholar Program with funding from the United States Geological Survey. A.C.L. was supported in part by the Ocean Acoustics Program at the Office of Naval Research. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 140 IS 4 BP 2274 EP 2287 DI 10.1121/1.4963876 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA EB3JN UT WOS:000387260600019 PM 27794337 ER PT J AU Maier, RA Randall, CA AF Maier, Russell A. Randall, Clive A. TI Low-Temperature Ionic Conductivity of an Acceptor-Doped Perovskite: I. Impedance of Single-Crystal SrTiO3 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE impedance spectroscopy; vacancies; defects; perovskites; diffusion/diffusivity ID DC ELECTRICAL DEGRADATION; DEFECT CHEMISTRY; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; THIN-FILMS; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MIXED CONDUCTORS; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; INTERNAL BIAS AB Low-temperature conductivity mechanisms were identified in acceptor-doped SrTiO3 single crystals quenched from high temperatures under reducing conditions. Impedance spectroscopy measurements made on samples of the prototypical perovskite structure doped with iron provided a framework for creating a complete conductivity model for a well-defined point defect system. The dominant conductivity mechanism in the room-temperature range was identified as being controlled by oxygen vacancy hopping. The activation energy for oxygen vacancy migration, an often debated value in the perovskite community, is determined to lie within the range of 0.59-0.78 eV for the iron-doped system with the bottom of this range approaching the intrinsic value for oxygen vacancy hopping in an undoped single crystal. At low temperatures, oxygen vacancies form defect complexes with iron impurities, and the observed range of activation energies is explained and modeled in terms of an oxygen vacancy trapping mechanism. C1 [Maier, Russell A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Randall, Clive A.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, Ctr Dielect & Piezoelect, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. RP Maier, RA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM russell.maier@nist.gov RI Maier, Russell/E-2358-2011; OI Maier, Russell/0000-0003-4024-589X; Randall, Clive/0000-0002-5478-2699 FU National Science Foundation as part of the Center for Dielectric Studies [0628817]; Air Force [FA9550-14-1-0067] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation, as part of the Center for Dielectric Studies under Grant No. 0628817 and by the Air Force under Grant No. FA9550-14-1-0067. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 24 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 99 IS 10 BP 3350 EP 3359 DI 10.1111/jace.14348 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA EB2WL UT WOS:000387223200026 ER PT J AU Maier, RA Randall, CA AF Maier, Russell A. Randall, Clive A. TI Low Temperature Ionic Conductivity of an Acceptor-Doped Perovskite: II. Impedance of Single-Crystal BaTiO3 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE impedance spectroscopy; vacancies; defects; electrical conductivity; ferroelectricity/ferroelectric materials ID STRONTIUM-TITANATE; BARIUM-TITANATE; DEFECT CHEMISTRY; DOMAIN-WALLS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; OXYGEN NONSTOICHIOMETRY; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; METAL-OXIDES; SOLID-STATE; SRTIO3 AB Low temperature conductivity mechanisms were identified in acceptor-doped BaTiO3 single crystals equilibrated and quenched from high temperature under different oxygen partial pressures. A range of acceptor ionization states were quenched into samples doped with manganese or iron. Using an appropriate equivalent circuit to interpret impedance spectroscopy data, room temperature conductivity mechanisms in the single crystal samples were identified, and the permittivity/temperature dependence was also shown to be self-consistent with the nature of a first-order ferroelectric phase transition. The primary, low temperature, conduction mechanism in acceptor-doped BaTiO3 was determined to be dominated by the migration of oxygen vacancies. The activation energy for oxygen vacancy migration was experimentally determined to have a value of nearly 0.7 eV. This activation energy represents an intrinsic value for vacancy hopping and confirms our previous work that revealed minimal interaction between acceptor dopants and oxygen vacancies in BaTiO3 in contrast to the well-documented evidence of defect association in SrTiO3. C1 [Maier, Russell A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Randall, Clive A.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, Ctr Dielect & Piezoelect, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. RP Maier, RA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM russell.maier@nist.gov RI Maier, Russell/E-2358-2011; OI Maier, Russell/0000-0003-4024-589X; Randall, Clive/0000-0002-5478-2699 FU National Science Foundation as part of the Center for Dielectric Studies [0628817]; Air Force [FA9550-14-1-0067] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation, as part of the Center for Dielectric Studies under Grant No. 0628817 and by the Air Force under Grant No. FA9550-14-1-0067. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 20 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 99 IS 10 BP 3360 EP 3366 DI 10.1111/jace.14347 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA EB2WL UT WOS:000387223200027 ER EF