FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Chen, ZA He, YQ Lam, PS Chao, YJ Jin, XS AF Chen, Zhong-An He, Yuan-qing Lam, Poh-Sang Chao, Yuh J. Jin, X. S. BE Shim, DJ Rudland, D TI EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE FACTORS ON CRACK TIP CONSTRAINT IN WELD JOINTS AND THE PREDICTION OF WELD FRACTURE TOUGHNESS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 6A: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div DE Welded joint; crack; J-A(2) methodology; Constraint in fracture; Fracture toughness; fracture model ID BRITTLE TRANSITION CURVE; 2-PARAMETER CHARACTERIZATION; TRIAXIALITY PARAMETER; STRESS-FIELDS; GROWTH; STEELS; FAMILY AB For assessing the safety of welded structural components, it is necessary to investigate the effects of multiple factors, which include the component geometry, load level, weld width, and weld strength mismatch, etc., on the crack tip constraint in weld joints, especially at high level of loading. Based on the J-A(2) two-parameter fracture theory, a welding constraint parameter, A(2w), is introduced such that the total constraint A(2) is the sum of A(2w) and a geometry constraint A(2g). The parameter A(2w) is developed to quantify the effects of material strength mismatch ratio and weld width, and is used to establish a dual constraint-parameters method (J-A(2g)-A(2w)) for characterizing the crack tip stress field in a welded joint. This method is validated by the finite element method (FEM), and the effects of material mismatch and weld width are analyzed. Using a critical crack opening stress as the fracture criterion, the fracture toughness of a welded joint can be predicted from the known fracture toughness value of another welded joint. The procedure and examples are given in this paper. C1 [Chen, Zhong-An; He, Yuan-qing] Jiangsu Univ, Fac Civil Engn & Mech, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lam, Poh-Sang] Savannah River Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Chao, Yuh J.] Tianjin Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. [Chao, Yuh J.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29212 USA. [Jin, X. S.] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Tract Power State Key Lab, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. RP Chen, ZA (reprint author), Jiangsu Univ, Fac Civil Engn & Mech, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM chenzhan@ujs.edu.cn; hyq318415@163.com; ps.lam@srnl.doe.gov; chao.bill@gmail.com; xsjin@home.swjtu.edu.cn NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5570-6 PY 2014 AR V06AT06A005 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD7FP UT WOS:000362999800005 ER PT B AU Gross, RE Harris, SP AF Gross, Robert E. Harris, Stephen P. BE Shim, DJ Rudland, D TI STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOFT (ELASTOMER) SEAT PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 6A: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div AB Risk-based inspection methods enable estimation of the probability of failure on demand for spring-operated pressure relief valves at the United States Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina. This paper presents a statistical performance evaluation of soft seat spring operated pressure relief valves. These pressure relief valves are typically smaller and of lower cost than hard seat (metal to metal) pressure relief valves and can provide substantial cost savings in fluid service applications (air, gas, liquid, and steam) providing that probability of failure on demand (the probability that the pressure relief valve fails to perform its intended safety function during a potentially dangerous over pressurization) is at least as good as that for hard seat valves. The research in this paper shows that the proportion of soft seat spring operated pressure relief valves failing is the same or less than that of hard seat valves, and that for failed valves, soft seat valves typically have failure ratios of proof test pressure to set pressure less than that of hard seat valves. C1 [Gross, Robert E.] Savannah River Nucl Solut, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Harris, Stephen P.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Gross, RE (reprint author), Savannah River Nucl Solut, US DOE Savannah River Site 704-2H, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM robert.gross@srs.gov; stephen.harris@srnl.doe.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5570-6 PY 2014 AR V06AT06A077 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD7FP UT WOS:000362999800077 ER PT B AU An, B Itouga, H Iijima, T Marchi, CS Somerday, B AF An, Bai Itouga, Hisatake Iijima, Takashi San Marchi, Chris Somerday, Brian BE Shim, DJ Rudland, D TI HYDROGEN-ASSISTED TWIN BOUNDARY FRACTURE OF TYPE 304 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL AT LOW TEMPERATURE INVESTIGATED BY SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 6B: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; EMBRITTLEMENT AB Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) are used to characterize the morphology and strain-induced alpha' martensite distribution on the twin fracture surfaces of hydrogen-precharged type 304 austenitic stainless steel tensile tested at 200-218 K. The STM images of the twin fracture surfaces show that the topographies of two conjugate fracture surfaces match well with each other at the micron scale but not at the nanoscale. Three sets of shallow grooves, intersecting each other at an angle of 120, are formed on the twin fracture surfaces and the parallel nanoplate-like features are formed between the shallow grooves, resulting from the intersection of hydrogen-enhanced deformation bands with the twin boundary. The a' martensite distribution observed by MFM from two conjugate fracture surfaces and longitudinal section of microcracks indicate that the fracture occurs along the phase boundary between the austenite and strain-induced a' martensite near the twin boundary. The hydrogen-assisted twin boundary fracture processes are discussed in the theoretical framework of hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity (HELP). C1 [An, Bai; Itouga, Hisatake; Iijima, Takashi] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [San Marchi, Chris; Somerday, Brian] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP An, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. EM b.an@aist.go.jp; h.itouga@aist.go.jp; Iijima-t@aist.go.jp; cwsanma@sandia.gov; bpsomer@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5571-3 PY 2014 AR V06BT06A012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD7FQ UT WOS:000363000400012 ER PT B AU Brust, FW Punch, E Shim, DJ Rudland, D Rathbun, H AF Brust, Frederick W. Punch, E. Shim, D. J. Rudland, David Rathbun, Howard BE Shim, DJ Rudland, D TI WELD RESIDUAL STRESS ANALYSIS AND AXIAL PWSCC PREDICTIONS IN A DOUBLE VEE GROOVE LARGE DIAMETER NOZZLE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 6B: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div AB Flaw indications have been found in some dissimilar metal (DM) nozzle to stainless steel piping welds and reactor pressure vessel heads (RPVH) in pressurized water reactors (PWR) throughout the world. The nozzle welds usually involve welding ferritic (often A508) nozzles to 304/316 stainless steel pipe) using Alloy 182/82 weld metal. The welds may become susceptible to a form of corrosion cracking referred to as primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC). It can occur if the temperature is high enough (usually greater than 300 degrees C) and the water chemistry in the PWR is typical of operating plants. The weld residual stresses (WRS) induced by the welds are a main driver of PWSCC. The purpose of this paper is to determine the weld residual stresses in a double-vee groove welded nozzle and then to model the natural crack growth in the weld. The double vee groove geometry has not been modeled much to date especially in such a large nozzle. This leads to a rather unique weld residual stress pattern which changes as the throat of the double vee is approached. Axial crack growth is modeled using a natural crack growth procedure. This was challenging since the crack shape necked down in the region where the tips of the vee grooves meet making the mesh development during this process challenging. This analysis provides information regarding crack growth evolution versus time. In addition, some comments regarding idealized growth are presented. C1 [Brust, Frederick W.; Punch, E.; Shim, D. J.] Engn Mech Corp Columbus, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Rudland, David] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Rockville, MD USA. [Rathbun, Howard] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Brust, FW (reprint author), Engn Mech Corp Columbus, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5571-3 PY 2014 AR V06BT06A089 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD7FQ UT WOS:000363000400089 ER PT B AU Erickson, M Cochran, KB Bass, BR Williams, PT AF Erickson, Marjorie Cochran, Kristine B. Bass, B. Richard Williams, Paul T. BE Shim, DJ Rudland, D TI THE ROLE OF GRAIN SIZE IN PREDICTING CLEAVAGE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF PRESSURE VESSEL STEELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 6B: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div ID BRITTLE-FRACTURE; MECHANICS; BOUNDARIES; RESISTANCE; CRITERION; STRESS; ALLOY; CRACK; MODEL AB A theoretical, multi-scale model has been developed to predict the fracture toughness of terrific steels in the ductile-to-brittle fracture mode transition temperature region. The new model is being implemented into the DISlocation-based FRACture (DISFRAC) computer code at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and will permit fracture safety assessments of ferritic structures with only tensile properties and microstructural information (grain and carbide size) required as input. The theoretical basis of this model provides a means of predicting fracture behavior outside of the ranges of data currently used in deriving empirically-based models and should provide a means of improving the understanding of fracture behavior in the fracture mode transition region. Dislocation distribution equations, derived from dislocation theory developed by Yokobori et al., are combined with modified boundary layer solutions to account for the stress state local to various microstructural features believed to control fracture behavior. Terms are included to account for microcrack initiation in brittle grain boundary particles, propagation of the microcrack into the first ferrite grain and then through subsequent grain boundaries accounting for local tilt and twist grain misorientation across boundaries. This paper summarizes the DISFRAC model and provides the results of a study performed to investigate the role of grain size in microcrack initiation, propagation and the resulting prediction of fracture toughness. C1 [Erickson, Marjorie] Phoenix Engn Associates Inc, Davidsonville, MD 21035 USA. [Cochran, Kristine B.; Bass, B. Richard; Williams, Paul T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Erickson, M (reprint author), Phoenix Engn Associates Inc, Davidsonville, MD 21035 USA. EM erickson@peaiconsulting.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5571-3 PY 2014 AR V06BT06A025 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD7FQ UT WOS:000363000400025 ER PT B AU Nanstad, RK Chen, X Sokolov, MA Rabin, BH Yang, Y AF Nanstad, Randy K. Chen, Xiang Sokolov, Mikhail A. Rabin, Barry H. Yang, Ying BE Shim, DJ Rudland, D TI MASTER CURVE AND J-R FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF SA508/SA533-B-1 WELD AND HAZ SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 6B: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div AB A large heat of low-alloy steel that met both specifications for SA508 Grade 3 Classl forging steel and SA533 Type B Class 1 plate steel (A508/A533) was procured and used to fabricate a submerged-arc weldment for potential application in high temperature gas-cooled reactors. Compact specimens, 1TC(T), were machined from the weld metal and from the heat-affected-zone (HAZ) of the weldment. Tests of both materials were performed to obtain the fracture toughness reference temperature, To, using the Master Curve procedure of ASTM E-1921, and J-R curves to evaluate material behavior at various threshold temperatures in Code Case N-499-2 (2001) of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Tests were performed at various temperatures up to 593 degrees C. Unloading compliance was the primary technique used, although dc-potential drop was also monitored during the tests, and the normalization procedure of E1820 was used to compare the results from each procedure. Moreover, many tests at the highest temperatures were performed with no unloading and the normalization procedure provided in El 820 was used to analyze the load-displacement measurements. The fracture toughness for the HAZ is superior to that of the weld metal both in terms of transition temperature and ductile fracture toughness. C1 [Nanstad, Randy K.; Chen, Xiang; Sokolov, Mikhail A.; Yang, Ying] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rabin, Barry H.] Idaho Natl Lab, VHTR Technol Dev Off, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Nanstad, RK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Yang, Ying/E-5542-2017 OI Yang, Ying/0000-0001-6480-2254 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5571-3 PY 2014 AR V06BT06A001 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD7FQ UT WOS:000363000400001 ER PT B AU Qiao, DX Feng, ZL Zhang, W Wang, YL Crooker, P AF Qiao, Dongxiao Feng, Zhili Zhang, Wei Wang, Yanli Crooker, Paul BE Shim, DJ Rudland, D TI MODELING OF WELD RESIDUAL PLASTIC STRAIN AND STRESS IN DISSIMILAR METAL BUTT WELD IN NUCLEAR REACTORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 6B: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div AB Primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) constitutes a major safety challenge for dissimilar metal welds (DMW) in pressurized water reactors. The reliability of structure integrity assessment of DMW is strongly dependent on the reliable determination of the weld residual stress (WRS) field, which is one of the primary driving forces for PWSCC. Recent studies have shown that today's WRS models have varying degrees of success in determining the WRS in DMW that is highly dependent upon the strain-hardening models used in WRS simulation. The commonly used strain hardening model in WRS modeling (isotropic, kinematic, and mixed ones) appear to be inadequate in that they neglect the high-temperature time-dependent (viscous) deformation process. during welding. This work presents a new strain-hardening model derived from specially designed experiment that mimics the thermal-mechanical deformation process of a SS304L stainless steel under rapid heating and cooling conditions relevant to DMW. Compared to the time-independent strain hardening ones, the new strain hardening model, termed as Dynamic Strain Hardening model, takes into account the effect of time and temperature dependent dislocation annihilation and microstructure recrystallization processes at the elevated temperatures during welding. Moreover, a novel experimental approach based on micro-hardness testing is developed to quantify the residual equivalent plastic strain in a mock-up DMW. It is found that the new dynamic strain hardening model produces results that are more consistent with experimentally measured plastic strains and residual stresses. It is concluded that it is necessary to include the dynamic strain hardening recovery phenomenon to improve the accuracy of WRS predictions in DMW. Moreover, the newly developed micro-hardness based plastic strain measurement approach would be an effective means to quantify the plastic strain distributions which is another key factor for PWSCC in DMW in addition to the residual stresses. C1 [Qiao, Dongxiao] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Qiao, Dongxiao] Tsinghua Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Feng, Zhili; Zhang, Wei; Wang, Yanli] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Crooker, Paul] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Qiao, DX (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Hanjie Bldg, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM qiaodx@gmail.com; fengz@ornl.gov; zhangw@ornl.gov; wangy3@ornl.gov; pcrooker@epri.com RI Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012 OI Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5571-3 PY 2014 AR V06BT06A091 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD7FQ UT WOS:000363000400091 ER PT B AU San Marchi, C Hughes, LA Somerday, BP Tang, X AF San Marchi, C. Hughes, L. A. Somerday, B. P. Tang, X. BE Shim, DJ Rudland, D TI HYDROGEN-ASSISTED FRACTURE OF TYPE 316L TUBING AND ORBITAL WELDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 6B: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; ENVIRONMENT EMBRITTLEMENT; LOW-TEMPERATURES AB Austenitic stainless steels have been extensively tested in hydrogen environments. These studies have identified the relative effects of numerous materials and environmental variables on hydrogen-assisted fracture. While there is concern that welds are more sensitive to environmental effects than the non-welded base material, in general, there have been relatively few studies of the effects. of gaseous hydrogen on the fracture and fatigue resistance of welded microstructures. The majority of published studies have considered welds with geometries significantly different from the welds produced in assembling pressure manifolds. In this study, conventional, uniaxial tensile testing was used to characterize tubing of type 316L austenitic stainless steel with an outside diameter of 6.35 mm. Additionally, orbital tube welds were produced and tested to compare to the non-welded tubing. The effects of internal hydrogen were studied after saturating the tubes and orbital welds with hydrogen by exposure to high-pressure gaseous hydrogen at elevated temperature. The effects of hydrogen on the ductility of the tubing and the orbital tube welds were found to be similar to the effects observed in previous studies of type 316L austenitic stainless steels. C1 [San Marchi, C.; Hughes, L. A.; Somerday, B. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Tang, X.] Swagelok Co, Solon, OH 44139 USA. RP San Marchi, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5571-3 PY 2014 AR V06BT06A018 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD7FQ UT WOS:000363000400018 ER PT B AU Sokolov, MA Nanstad, RK AF Sokolov, Mikhail A. Nanstad, Randy K. BE Shim, DJ Rudland, D TI USE OF SMALL SPECIMENS FOR EVALUATION OF IRRADIATED MATERIALS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 6B: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div AB Small specimens are playing the key role in evaluating properties of irradiated materials. The use of small specimens provides several advantages. Typically, only small volume of material can be irradiated in a reactor at desirable conditions in terms of temperature, neutron flux, and neutron dose. Small volume of irradiated material may also allow for easier handling of specimens. Smaller specimens reduce the amount of radioactive material, minimizing- personnel exposures and waste disposal. However, use of small specimens imposes variety of challenges as well. These challenges are associated with proper accounting for size effects and transferability of small specimen data to the real structures of interest. The PCVN specimen as well as any fracture toughness specimen that can be made out of the broken halves of standard Charpy specimens may have exceptional utility for evaluation of RPVs. The Charpy V-notch specimen is the most commonly used specimen geometry in surveillance programs. Precracking and testing of Charpy surveillance specimens would allow one to determine and monitor directly actual fracture toughness instead of requiring indirect predictions using correlations established with impact data. However, there is a growing number of indications that there might be a bias in the reference fracture toughness transition temperature, To values derived from PCVN and compact specimens. The present paper summarizes data from the series of experiments that use subsize specimens for evaluation of the transition fracture toughness of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. Two types of compact specimens and three types of three-point bend specimens from five RPV materials were used in these subsize experiments. The current results showed that To determined from PCVN specimens with width (W) to thickness (B) ratio W/B=1, on average, are lower than T-o determined from compact specimens with W/B=2. At the same time, three-point bend specimens with W/B=2 exhibited T-o values that were very similar to T-o values derived from compact specimens. Constraint corrections developed by Dodds et al. are applied to assess the bias. C1 [Sokolov, Mikhail A.; Nanstad, Randy K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sokolov, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6151, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sokolovm@ornl.gov; nanstadrk@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5571-3 PY 2014 AR V06BT06A057 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD7FQ UT WOS:000363000400057 ER PT B AU Somerday, B San Marchi, C Nibur, K AF Somerday, Brian San Marchi, Chris Nibur, Kevin BE Shim, DJ Rudland, D TI MEASUREMENT OF FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATES FOR SA-372 GR. J STEEL IN 100 MPA HYDROGEN GAS FOLLOWING ARTICLE KD-10 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 6B: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div AB The objective of this work is to enable the safe design of hydrogen pressure vessels by measuring the fatigue crack growth rates of ASME code-qualified steels in high-pressure hydrogen gas. While a design-life calculation framework has recently been established for high-pressure hydrogen vessels, a material property database does not exist to support the analysis. This study addresses such voids in the database by measuring the fatigue crack growth rates for three heats of ASME SA-372 Grade J steel in 100 MPa hydrogen gas at two different load ratios (R). Results show that fatigue crack growth rates are similar for all three steel heats and are only a mild function of R. Hydrogen accelerates the fatigue crack growth rates of the steels by at least an order of magnitude relative to crack growth rates in inert environments. Despite such dramatic effects of hydrogen on the fatigue crack growth rates, measurement of these properties enables reliable definition of the design life of steel hydrogen containment vessels. C1 [Somerday, Brian; San Marchi, Chris] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Nibur, Kevin] Hy Performance Mat Testing LLC, Bend, OR USA. RP Somerday, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5571-3 PY 2014 AR V06BT06A016 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD7FQ UT WOS:000363000400016 ER PT B AU Owens, SM Wilkening, J Fessler, JL Gilbert, JA AF Owens, Sarah M. Wilkening, Jared Fessler, Jennifer L. Gilbert, Jack A. BE Dobretsov, S Thomason, JC Williams, DN TI Metagenomics SO BIOFOULING METHODS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONSTRUCTION; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; LIBRARIES; CLONING C1 [Owens, Sarah M.; Wilkening, Jared; Fessler, Jennifer L.; Gilbert, Jack A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Owens, Sarah M.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Owens, SM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-33614-4; 978-0-470-65985-4 PY 2014 BP 125 EP 137 D2 10.1002/9781118336144 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BD7DW UT WOS:000362910500015 ER PT B AU Lackner, KS Grimes, P Ziock, HJ AF Lackner, Klaus S. Grimes, Patrick Ziock, Hans-J BE Bandyopadhyay, A TI CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE FROM AIR SO CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE: CO2 MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lackner, Klaus S.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Grimes, Patrick] Grimes Associates, Scotch Plains, NJ 07076 USA. [Ziock, Hans-J] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lackner, KS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-5061-9; 978-1-77188-021-3 PY 2014 BP 363 EP 376 D2 10.1201/b16845 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BD7HF UT WOS:000363064600014 ER PT B AU Deaner, BJ Allen, MS Starr, MJ Segalman, DJ AF Deaner, Brandon J. Allen, Matthew S. Starr, Michael J. Segalman, Daniel J. GP ASME TI APPLICATION OF VISCOUS AND IWAN MODAL DAMPING MODELS TO EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS FROM BOLTED STRUCTURES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID VIBRATION AB Measurements are presented from a two-beam structure with several bolted interfaces in order to characterize the nonlinear damping introduced by the joints. The measurements (at force levels below macro-slip) reveal that each underlying mode of the structure is well approximated by a single degree-of-freedom system with a nonlinear mechanical joint. At low enough force levels the measurements show dissipation that scales as the second power of the applied force, agreeing with theory for a linear viscously damped system. This is attabuted to linear viscous behavior of the material and/or damping provided by the support structure, which simulates free-free boundary conditions. At larger force levels the damping is observed to behave nonlinearly, suggesting that damping from the mechanical joints is dominant. A model is presented that captures these effects, consisting of a spring and viscous damping element in parallel with a 4-Parameter Iwan model. The parameters of this model are identified for each mode of the structure and comparisons suggest that the model captures the linear and nonlinear damping accurately over a range of forcing levels. C1 [Deaner, Brandon J.; Allen, Matthew S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Starr, Michael J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Component Sci & Mech, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Segalman, Daniel J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Multiphys Modeling & Simulat Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Deaner, BJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, 534 Engn Res Bldg,1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bdeaner@wisc.edu; msallen@engr.wisc.edu; mjstarr@sandia.gov; djsegal@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5599-7 PY 2014 AR UNSP V008T13A020 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD6ZW UT WOS:000362796100028 ER PT B AU Segalman, DJ Starr, MJ Guthrie, MA AF Segalman, Daniel J. Starr, Michael J. Guthrie, Michael A. GP ASME TI STRATEGIES FOR ANALYZING RANDOM VIBRATION OF JOINTED STRUCTURES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID BUILT-UP STRUCTURES; EQUIVALENT LINEARIZATION; MODEL; SYSTEMS AB Development of mathematical models for built-up structures, particularly those with many interfaces, is still primitive. This limitation is particularly evident when complex loads and load histories are considered, an example of which is random vibration. Two steps in simplifying this problem are explored here. First, the system response is approximated as that of the super-position of numerous decoupled modes, the coordinates of which evolve according to a constitutive model designed to capture the nonlinearity of the structure. Second, because among the categories of load for which dynamic analysis on nonlinear structures is particularly difficult is that of random loads and the resulting random vibration, and given the previous approximation, it is natural to apply the method of stochastic equivalent linearization to the governing equation of each mode. Both of these approximations are explored for the case where the nonlinear behavior of the interfaces is represented by a Masing-Prandtl-Ishlinskii-Iwan model employing a Palmov kernel. C1 [Segalman, Daniel J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Multiphys Modeling & Simulat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Starr, Michael J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Component Sci & Mech, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Guthrie, Michael A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Analyt Struct Dynam, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Segalman, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Multiphys Modeling & Simulat, POB 969,Mail Stop 9042, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM djsegal@sandia.gov; mjstarr@sandia.gov; maguthr@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5599-7 PY 2014 AR UNSP V008T13A021 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD6ZW UT WOS:000362796100029 ER PT B AU Segalman, DJ Brake, MR Bergman, LA Vakakis, AF Willner, K AF Segalman, Daniel J. Brake, Matthew R. Bergman, Lawrence A. Vakakis, Alexander F. Willner, Kai GP ASME TI EPISTEMIC AND ALEATORIC UNCERTAINTY IN MODELING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB One major difficulty that exists in reconciling model predictions of a system with experimental measurements is assessing and accounting for the uncertainties in the system. There are several enumerated sources of uncertainty in model prediction of physical phenomena, the primary ones being: I) Model form error 2) Aleatoric uncertainty of model parameters, 3) Epistemic uncertainty of model parameters, and 4) Model solution error These forms of uncertainty can have insidious consequences for modeling if not properly identified and accounted for In particular confusion between aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty can lead to a fundamentally incorrect model being inappropriately fit to data such that the model seems to be correct. As a consequence, model predictions may be nonphysical or nonsensical outside of the regime for which the model was calibrated. This research looks at the effects of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty in order to make recommendations for properly accounting for them in a modeling framework. C1 [Segalman, Daniel J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Multiphys Modeling & Simulat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Brake, Matthew R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Component Sci & Mech, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Bergman, Lawrence A.] Univ Illinois, Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Vakakis, Alexander F.] Univ Illinois, Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Willner, Kai] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Lehrstuhl Tech Mech, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Segalman, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Multiphys Modeling & Simulat, POB 969,Mail Stop 9042, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM djsegal@sandia.gov; mrbrake@sandia.gov; lbergman@illinois.edu; avakakis@illinois.edu; kai.willner@ltm.uni-erlangen.de NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5599-7 PY 2014 AR UNSP V008T13A019 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD6ZW UT WOS:000362796100027 ER PT B AU Brust, FW Iyengar, R Benson, M Rathbun, H AF Brust, Frederick W. Iyengar, R. Benson, M. Rathbun, Howard BE Bezensek, B Zheng, J Hasegawa, K TI SEVERE ACCIDENT CONDITION MODELING IN PWR ENVIRONMENT:CREEP RUPTURE MODELING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 1A: CODES AND STANDARDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div AB A problem of interest in the nuclear power industry involves the response of pressurized water reactor (PWR) pressure boundary components under long-term station blackout (SBO) conditions. SBO is a particularly challenging event to nuclear safety, since all alternating current power required for core cooling is lost. If unmitigated, such a scenario will eventually lead to the reactor core being uncovered. Thermal-hydraulic (T-H), computational fluid dynamics, and structural combined creep/plasticity analyses of this scenario have been conducted and are presented here. In this severe accident scenario, high temperatures can occur, and impart this thermal energy to the surrounding structures, including the reactor vessel, nozzles, reactor coolant system (RCS) hot leg piping and S/G tubes. At such high temperatures and pressures, creep rupture of RCS piping and/or steam generator (S/G) tubes becomes possible. The intent of this paper is to present a finite element based analysis model that can be used to evaluate the time to failure of the nozzle-weld-pipe configuration. C1 [Brust, Frederick W.] Engn Mech Corp Columbus, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. [Iyengar, R.; Benson, M.] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Rockville, MD USA. [Rathbun, Howard] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Brust, FW (reprint author), Engn Mech Corp Columbus, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5563-8 PY 2014 AR UNSP V01AT01A054 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD6ZX UT WOS:000362796300061 ER PT B AU Davies, CM Kasahara, N Nikbin, K Ainsworth, R Sham, TL Barnes, R AF Davies, Catrin Mair Kasahara, Naoto Nikbin, Kamran Ainsworth, Robert Sham, T. -L. (Sam) Barnes, Richard BE Bezensek, B Zheng, J Hasegawa, K TI INTRODUCTION G SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 1A: CODES AND STANDARDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div C1 [Davies, Catrin Mair; Nikbin, Kamran] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Kasahara, Naoto] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Ainsworth, Robert] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Sham, T. -L. (Sam)] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Barnes, Richard] ANRIC Enterprises Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Davies, CM (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5563-8 PY 2014 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD6ZX UT WOS:000362796300050 ER PT B AU Hoang, PH Bezensek, B Rathbun, HJ AF Hoang, Phuong H. Bezensek, Bostjan Rathbun, Howard J. BE Bezensek, B Zheng, J Hasegawa, K TI A BENCHMARK STUDY OF BENDING LIMIT LOAD FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR LOCALLY WALL THINNED PIPES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 1A: CODES AND STANDARDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div AB Finite element analyses (PEA) have been used to study the effects of multi-axial loadings on bending limit load of local wall thinned pipes. It has been shown by investigators that torsion can be combined with bending moments using SRSS (Square Root of the Sum of the Squares) method for planar flaws with a limited axial extent. The treatment of torsion for non-planar flaws, which exceed the axial extent limit, will be a subject for future investigations. Since the reported FEA results are for various pipe sizes, flaw shapes with different mesh sizes, element types and computer codes, a set of benchmark problems was proposed and analyzed by participating investigators. The benchmark analysis results are presented in this paper. C1 [Hoang, Phuong H.] Sargent & Lundy LLC, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Bezensek, Bostjan] Hunting Energy Serv Ltd, Aberdeen AB12 4YB, Scotland. [Rathbun, Howard J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hoang, PH (reprint author), Sargent & Lundy LLC, 55 E Monroe, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. EM phuong.h.hoang@sargentlundy.com; asmebezensek@gmail.com; rathbun4@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5563-8 PY 2014 AR UNSP V01AT01A009 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD6ZX UT WOS:000362796300011 ER PT B AU Wang, YL Li, TL Sham, TL Jetter, RI AF Wang, Yanli Li, Tianlei Sham, T. -L. (Sam) Jetter, Robert I. BE Bezensek, B Zheng, J Hasegawa, K TI EVALUATION OF CREEP-FATIGUE DAMAGE BASED ON SIMPLIFIED MODEL TEST APPROACH SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 1A: CODES AND STANDARDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div AB Current methods used in the ASME Code, Subsection NH for the evaluation of creep-fatigue damage are based on the separation of elevated temperature cyclic damage into two parts, creep damage and fatigue damage. This presents difficulties in both evaluation of test data and determination of cyclic damage in design. To avoid these difficulties, an alternative approach was identified, called the Simplified Model Test or SMT approach based on the use of creep-fatigue hold time test data from test specimens with elastic follow-up conservatively designed to bound the response of general structural components of interest. A key feature of the methodology is the use of the results of elastic analysis directly in design evaluation similar to current methods in the ASME Code, Subsection NB. Although originally developed for current material included in Subsection NH, recent interest in the application of Alloy 617 for components operating at very high temperatures has caused renewed interest in the SMT approach because it provides an alternative to the proposed restriction on the use of current Subsection NH simplified methods at very high temperatures. A comprehensive review and assessment of five representative simplified methods for creep-fatigue damage evaluation is presented in Asayama [1]. In this review the SMT methodology was identified as the best long term approach but the need for test data precluded its near term implementation. Asayama and Jetter [2] is a summary of the more comprehensive report by Asayama [1] with a summary of the SMT approach presented by Jetter [3]. In this paper, the previously documented development of the SMT approach and applicable restrictions are discussed and reviewed; the design of the SMT specimen, measurement issues and constraints are presented; the test apparatus and measurement system is described; initial test results and their application to a prototypic design curve are presented; and further testing and analysis for ASME Code incorporation are discussed. C1 [Wang, Yanli; Li, Tianlei; Sham, T. -L. (Sam)] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jetter, Robert I.] Elevated Temp Design Consultant, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. RP Wang, YL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008,MS 6083, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangy3@ornl.gov; lit2@ornl.gov; shamt@ornl.gov; bjetter@sbcglobal.net NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5563-8 PY 2014 AR UNSP V01AT01A044 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD6ZX UT WOS:000362796300051 ER PT B AU Wright, JK Simpson, JA Wright, RN Carroll, LJ Sham, TL AF Wright, J. K. Simpson, J. A. Wright, R. N. Carroll, L. J. Sham, T. L. BE Bezensek, B Zheng, J Hasegawa, K TI STRAIN RATE SENSITIVITY OF ALLOYS 800H AND 617 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 1A: CODES AND STANDARDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div ID FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE AB The flow stress of many materials is a function of the applied strain rate at elevated temperature. The magnitude of this effect is captured by the strain rate sensitivity parameter "m". The strain rate sensitivity of two face center cubic solid solution alloys that are proposed for use in high temperature heat exchanger or steam generator applications, Alloys 800H and 617, has been determined as a function of temperature over that range of temperatures relevant for these applications. In addition to determining the strain rate sensitivity, it is important for nuclear design within Section III of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code to determine temperature below which the flow stress is not affected by the strain rate. This temperature has been determined for both Alloy 800H and Alloy 617. At high temperature the strain rate sensitivity of the two alloys is significant and they have similar m values. For Alloy 617 the temperature limit below which little or no strain rate sensitivity is observed is approximately 700 degrees C. For Alloy 800H this temperature is approximately 650 degrees C. C1 [Wright, J. K.; Simpson, J. A.; Wright, R. N.; Carroll, L. J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Sham, T. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Wright, JK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5563-8 PY 2014 AR UNSP V01AT01A053 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD6ZX UT WOS:000362796300060 ER PT B AU Tso, CF Molitoris, DP Yaksh, M Snow, S Ammerman, D Bjorkman, GS AF Tso, Chi-Fung Molitoris, David P. Yaksh, Michael Snow, Spencer Ammerman, Doug Bjorkman, Gordon S. BE Veiga, J Bouzid, HA TI MESH CONVERGENCE STUDIES FOR HEXAHEDRAL ELEMENTS DEVELOPED BY THE ASME SPECIAL WORKING GROUP ON COMPUTATIONAL MODELING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 2: COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY AND BOLTED JOINTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div AB The ASME Special Working Group on Computational Modeling for Explicit Dynamics was founded in August 2008 for the purpose of creating a quantitative guidance document for the development of finite element models used to analyze energy-limited events using explicit dynamics software. This document will be referenced in the ASME Code Section III, Division 3 and the next revision of NRC Regulatory Guide 7.6 as a means by which the quality of a finite element model may be judged. One portion of the document will be devoted to a series of element convergence studies that can aid designers in establishing the mesh refinement requirements necessary to achieve accurate results for a variety of different element types in regions of high plastic strain. These convergence studies will also aid reviewers in evaluating the quality of a finite element model and the apparent accuracy of its results. In this paper, the authors present the results of a convergence study for an impulsively loaded propped cantilever beam constructed of LS-DYNA hexahedral elements using both reduced and selectively reduced integration. Three loading levels are considered; the first maintains strains within the elastic range, the second induces moderate plastic strains, and the third produces large deformations and large plastic strains. C1 [Tso, Chi-Fung] Ove Arup & Partners, London, England. [Molitoris, David P.] Westinghouse Elect Co LLC, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Yaksh, Michael] NAC Int, Norcross, GA USA. [Snow, Spencer] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Ammerman, Doug] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Bjorkman, Gordon S.] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Tso, CF (reprint author), Ove Arup & Partners, London, England. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5566-9 PY 2014 AR V002T02A013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD7BZ UT WOS:000362861600013 ER PT B AU Laurinat, JE Hensel, SJ AF Laurinat, James E. Hensel, Steve J. BE Shoji, Y TI BENCHMARKING OF IMPROVED DPAC TRANSIENT DEFLAGRATION ANALYSIS CODE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div ID GASES AB The transient deflagration code DPAC (Deflagration Pressure Analysis Code) has been upgraded for use in modeling hydrogen deflagration transients. The upgraded code is benchmarked using data from vented hydrogen deflagration tests conducted at the HYDRO-SC Test Facility at the University of Pisa. DPAC originally was written to calculate peak deflagration pressures for deflagrations in radioactive waste storage tanks and process facilities at the Savannah River Site. Upgrades include the addition of a laminar flame speed correlation for hydrogen deflagrations and a mechanistic model for turbulent flame propagation, incorporation of inertial effects during venting, and inclusion of the effect of water vapor condensation on vessel walls. In addition, DPAC has been coupled with CEA, a NASA combustion chemistry code. The deflagration tests are modeled as end-to-end deflagrations. The improved DPAC code successfully predicts both the peak pressures during the deflagration tests and the times at which the pressure peaks. C1 [Laurinat, James E.; Hensel, Steve J.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Laurinat, JE (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM james.laurinat@srnl.doe.gov; steve.hensel@srnl.doe.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5573-7 PY 2014 AR V007T07A038 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD7FR UT WOS:000363000900038 ER PT B AU Laurinat, JE Askew, NM Hensel, SJ AF Laurinat, James E. Askew, Neal M. Hensel, Steve J. BE Shoji, Y TI FLAMMABILITY ANALYSIS FOR ACTINIDE OXIDES PACKAGED IN 9975 SHIPPING CONTAINERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div AB Packaging options are evaluated for compliance with safety requirements for shipment of mixed actinide oxides packaged in a 9975 Primary Containment Vessel (PCV). Radiolytic gas generation rates, PCV internal gas pressures, and shipping windows (times to reach unacceptable gas compositions or pressures after closure of the PCV) are calculated for shipment of a 9975 PCV containing a plastic bottle filled with plutonium and uranium oxides with a selected isotopic composition. G-values for radiolytic hydrogen generation from adsorbed moisture are estimated from the results of gas generation tests for plutonium oxide and uranium oxide doped with curium-244. The radiolytic generation of hydrogen from the plastic bottle is calculated using a geometric model for alpha particle deposition in the bottle wall. The temperature of the PCV during shipment is estimated from the results of finite element heat transfer analyses. C1 [Laurinat, James E.; Askew, Neal M.; Hensel, Steve J.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Laurinat, JE (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM james.laurinat@srnl.doe.gov; neal.askew@srnl.doe.gov; steve.hensel@srnl.doe.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5573-7 PY 2014 AR V007T07A037 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD7FR UT WOS:000363000900037 ER PT B AU Nussear, KE Tuberville, TD AF Nussear, Kenneth E. Tuberville, Tracey D. BE Rostal, DC McCoy, ED Mushinsky, HR TI Habitat Characteristics of North American Tortoises SO BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NORTH AMERICAN TORTOISES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Nussear, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Tuberville, Tracey D.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Nussear, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 978-1-4214-1378-5; 978-1-4214-1377-8 PY 2014 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BD6LN UT WOS:000362352600010 ER PT B AU Perminova, IV Kalmykov, SN Shcherbina, NS Ponomarenko, SA Kholodov, VA Novikov, AP Haire, RG Hatfield, K AF Perminova, Irina V. Kalmykov, Stepan N. Shcherbina, Natalia S. Ponomarenko, Sergey A. Kholodov, Vladimir A. Novikov, Alexander P. Haire, Richard G. Hatfield, Kirk BE Kharisov, BI Kharissova, OV Dias, HVR TI HUMIC FUNCTIONAL DERIVATIVES AND NANOCOATINGS FOR REMEDIATION OF ACTINIDE-CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENTS SO NANOMATERIALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; REDOX PROPERTIES; FULVIC-ACIDS; COMPLEXATION; SUBSTANCES; REDUCTION; NEPTUNIUM(V); WATER; PH; SPECTROMICROSCOPY C1 [Perminova, Irina V.; Kalmykov, Stepan N.; Shcherbina, Natalia S.; Ponomarenko, Sergey A.; Kholodov, Vladimir A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow, Russia. [Shcherbina, Natalia S.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Ponomarenko, Sergey A.] RAS, Enikolopov Inst Synthet Polymer Mat, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Kholodov, Vladimir A.] RAAS, Dokuchaev Soil Sci Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Novikov, Alexander P.] RAS, Vernadsky Inst Geochem & Analyt Chem, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Haire, Richard G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Hatfield, Kirk] Univ Florida, Engn Sch Sustainable Infrastruct & Environm, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Perminova, IV (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow, Russia. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-118-84535-6; 978-1-118-84553-0; 978-1-118-49697-8 PY 2014 BP 485 EP 501 PG 17 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD6TF UT WOS:000362574400030 ER PT B AU Chen, L MacDonald, E AF Chen, Le MacDonald, Erin GP ASME TI EFFECTS OF UNCERTAIN LAND AVAILABILITY, WIND SHEAR, AND COST ON WIND FARM LAYOUT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 3A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID ROBUST DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION METHODS; PLACEMENT; TURBINES AB The robust optimization presented in this paper is formulated to assist in early-stage wind farm development. It can help wind farm developers predict project viability and can help landowners predict where turbines will be placed on their land. A wind farm layout is optimized under multiple sources of uncertainty. Landowner participation is represented with a novel uncertain model of willingness-to-accept monetary compensation. An uncertain wind shear parameter and economies-of-scale cost reduction parameter are also included. Probability Theory, Latin Hypercube Sampling, and Compromise Programming are used to form the robust design problem and minimize the two objectives: the normalized mean and standard deviation of Cost-of-Energy. The results suggest that some landowners that will only accept high levels of compensation are worth pursuing, while others are not. C1 [Chen, Le; MacDonald, Erin] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames Natl Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames Natl Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lechen@iastate.edu; erinmacd@iastate.edu NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5588-1 PY 2014 AR V03AT03A025 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science GA BD6MI UT WOS:000362380000025 ER PT B AU Williams, JM Pryor, MW AF Williams, Joshua M. Pryor, Mitch W. GP ASME TI A KNOWLEDGE-BASED APPROACH FOR THE AUTOMATED DESIGN OF ROBOTIC/HUMAN MANUFACTURING WORKCELLS IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 3A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE automated design synthesis; knowledge-based system; conceptual design; task compatibility; robotics; nuclear ID ENGINEERING SYSTEMS; CONCEPTUAL DESIGN; EXPERT-SYSTEMS; SHAPE GRAMMARS; OPTIMIZATION; FRAMEWORK; MODEL AB The design of manufacturing systems in hazardous environments is complex, requiring interdisciplinary knowledge to determine which components and operators (human or robotic) are feasible. When conceptualizing designs, some options may be overlooked or unknowingly infeasible due to the design engineers' lack of knowledge in a particular field or ineffective communication of requirements between disciplines. Computational design tools can help alleviate many of the problems encountered in this design task. We create a knowledge-based system (KBS) utilizing CLIPS to automate the synthesis of conceptual manufacturing system designs in radioactive environments. The KBS takes a high-level functional description of a process and uses FBS modeling to generate multiple designs with generic components retrieved from a database and low-level manufacturing task sequences. Using this approach, many options are explored and operator task compatibility is directly addressed. The KBS is applied to the design of glovebox processing systems at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). C1 [Williams, Joshua M.] Univ Texas Austin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pryor, Mitch W.] Univ Texas Dallas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Williams, JM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jmwilliams@utexas.edu; mpryor@utexas.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5588-1 PY 2014 AR V03AT03A007 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science GA BD6MI UT WOS:000362380000007 ER PT B AU Zhang, J Chowdhury, S Messac, A Hodge, BM AF Zhang, Jie Chowdhury, Souma Messac, Achille Hodge, Bri-Mathias GP ASME TI ASSESSING LONG-TERM WIND CONDITIONS BY COMBINING DIFFERENT MEASURE-CORRELATE-PREDICT ALGORITHMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 3A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE Measure-correlate-predict (MCP); power generation; resource assessment; wind distribution; wind energy ID SUPPORT VECTOR REGRESSION; SPEED PREDICTION; MULTIVARIATE; MACHINES; DENSITY AB This paper significantly advanced the hybrid measure-correlate-predict (MCP) methodology, enabling it to account for the variations of both wind speed and direction. The advanced hybrid MCP method used the recorded data of multiple reference stations to estimate the long-term wind condition at the target wind plant site with greater accuracy than possible with data from a single reference station. The wind data was divided into different sectors according to the wind direction, and the MCP strategy was implemented for each wind sector separately. The applicability of the proposed hybrid strategy was investigated using four different MCP methods: (i) linear regression; (ii) variance ratio; (iii) artificial neural networks; and (iv) support vector regression. To implement the advanced hybrid MCP methodology, we used the hourly averaged wind data recorded at six stations in North Dakota between the years 2008 and 2010. The station Pillsbury was selected as the target plant site. The recorded data at the other five stations (Dazey, Galesbury, Hillsboro, Mayville, and Prosper) was used as reference station data. The best hybrid MCP strategy from different MCP algorithms and reference stations was investigated and selected from the 1,024 combinations. The accuracy of the hybrid MCP method was found to be highly sensitive to the combination of individual MCP algorithms and reference stations used. It was also observed that the best combination of MCP algorithms was strongly influenced by the length of the correlation period. C1 [Zhang, Jie] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Transmiss & Grid Integrat Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Chowdhury, Souma] Syracuse Univ, MDOL, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Messac, Achille] Syracuse Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Hodge, Bri-Mathias] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Transmiss & Grid Integrat Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Jie.Zhang@nrel.gov; sochowdh@syr.edu; messac@syr.edu; Bri.Mathias.Hodge@nrel.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5588-1 PY 2014 AR V03AT03A021 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science GA BD6MI UT WOS:000362380000021 ER PT B AU Schroeder, KA Pryor, M Harden, T AF Schroeder, Kyle A. Pryor, Mitch Harden, Troy GP ASME TI A Black Box Model for Estimating Joint Torque in an Industrial Serial Manipulator SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 6B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB Joint torque feedback is useful in serial manipulator control algorithms for contact control, collision detection, performance analysis, etc. For example, the predicted torque can be compared to the measured torque so the system can respond to unexpected or unmodeled physical inputs. The input current to the joint motors can be used to estimate the input torque if the motor parameters are well-understood. However, in a closed commercial system, the motor parameters are often proprietary or unknown. Also, systems that sense or estimate motor torques instead of the joint torques require compensation for gear train losses. In this work, we propose a method for mapping the measured motor current to the joint torque on a serial manipulator without joint torque sensors, thus advancing the potential to implement torque feedback algorithms such as collision detection on any industrial robot with joint position and motor current feedback. This new torque estimating technique (as opposed to using Newton-Euler dynamics) allows for sensing of external forces in collision detection applications for a position controlled robot. The method requires knowledge of the robot link centers of mass, masses, and inertias and that the motor currents and joint positions can be measured. The joint torques due to gravity, inertia, and Coriolis are estimated by the Newton-Euler method using the system geometry, link masses, and the measured joint positions. A method for estimating friction losses using only the current and the predicted joint torque is demonstrated. The measured current, less estimated friction, is then mapped to the joint torque. The validity of the black box joint torque estimating model was demonstrated using two Motoman SIA-5D manipulators with a 3rd party controller provided by Agile Planet. The joints of the robot were moved through a variety of test motions with known joint torque characteristics (as calculated using Newton-Euler dynamics). Estimated joint torques are similar to the calculated torque. Physical significance of the torque is validated by comparing the estimated torque to the calculated torque generated by a known force. The feasibility of the estimated torque error to force detection is discussed in terms of improving the safety and deployment options for industrial robotic systems. C1 [Schroeder, Kyle A.] Univ Texas Austin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Pryor, Mitch] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Harden, Troy] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Schroeder, KA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5594-2 PY 2014 AR V06BT07A062 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BD6RQ UT WOS:000362533100062 ER PT B AU Alvin, MA Klinger, J McMordie, B Chyu, M Siw, S Miller, N Reddy, BVK Gleeson, B Anderson, I Heidloff, A Ekkad, S Ramesh, S Kang, B AF Alvin, M. A. Klinger, J. McMordie, B. Chyu, M. Siw, S. Miller, N. Reddy, B. V. K. Gleeson, B. Anderson, I. Heidloff, A. Ekkad, S. Ramesh, S. Kang, B. GP ASME TI NETL RESEARCH EFFORTS ON DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND AIRFOIL COOLING CONFIGURATIONS FOR FUTURE LAND-BASED GAS TURBINE ENGINES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB As future land-based gas turbine engines are being designed to operate with inlet temperatures exceeding 1300 degrees C (2370 degrees F), efforts at NETL have been focused on developing advanced materials systems that are integrated with novel airfoil cooling architectures. Recent achievements in the areas of low cost diffusion bond coat systems applied to single- and poly-crystalline nickel-based superalloys, as well as development of thin nickel-based oxide dispersion strengthened layers are presented in this paper. Integration of these material systems with commercially cast, novel, pin-fin internal cooling airfoil arrays, tripod film cooling hole architectures, trailing edge cooling geometries, and near surface micro-channel concepts is also presented. C1 [Alvin, M. A.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Klinger, J.] Mikro Syst Inc, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [McMordie, B.] Coatings Ind, Souderton, PA 18964 USA. [Chyu, M.; Siw, S.; Miller, N.; Reddy, B. V. K.; Gleeson, B.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Anderson, I.; Heidloff, A.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Ekkad, S.; Ramesh, S.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kang, B.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Alvin, MA (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM maryanne.alvin@netl.doe.gov; klinger@mikrosystems.com; bmcmordie@cficoatings.com; mkchyu@pitt.edu; scs29@pitt.edu; nrm34@pitt.edu; bvkreddy680@gmail.com; bmg36@pitt.edu; andersoi@ameslab.gov; aheidloff@gmail.com; sekkad@vt.edu; sr1988@vt.edu; bruce.kang@wvu.edu NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4575-2 PY 2014 AR V006T22A006 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Materials Science GA BD6IJ UT WOS:000362239800064 ER PT B AU Gutierrez, LA Pezzini, P Tucker, D Banta, L AF Gutierrez, Louis Alberto Pezzini, Paolo Tucker, David Banta, Larry GP ASME TI SMOOTHING TECHNIQUES FOR REAL-TIME TURBINE SPEED SENSORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID MEDIAN FILTERS; ENGINE AB A data noise reduction model for a direct-fired fuel cell turbine hybrid power system was evaluated using a hardware-based simulation of an integrated gasifier/fuel cell/turbine hybrid cycle (IGFC), implemented through the Hybrid Performance (HyPer) project at the National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy (NETL). The Hyper facility is designed to explore dynamic operation of hybrid systems and quantitatively characterize such transient behavior The system is controlled by an embedded real-time control platform provided by Woodward Industrial Control. Every sensor is monitored by the platform, and an overall strategy drives the system from start-up to shut-down. Fuel is regulated by a valve which reacts based on the speed of the turbine. There are three optical encoder sensors which are used to monitor turbine speed, and the average of these three sensors is used as feedback for a PID controller, which works to regulate fuel consumption to the combustor The turbine speed has demonstrated fluctuation in certain conditions, which may be a result of data noise combined with a systemic instability in the flow to the turbine. This research introduces the method of Double Exponential Smoothing as it is applied to data noise reduction in an embedded control platform. An experimental test was conducted to evaluate the performance of the fuel valve speed control when filtered by a real-time Double Exponential Smoothing Algorithm. The results demonstrate, that when compared with traditional filtering techniques, Double Exponential Smoothing offers a significant improvement in both signal volatility and data latency. C1 [Gutierrez, Louis Alberto] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Comp Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Pezzini, Paolo] Univ Genoa, Thermochem Power Grp TPG DIME, Genoa, Italy. [Tucker, David] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Dept Energy, Morgantown, WV USA. [Banta, Larry] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Gutierrez, LA (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Comp Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM gutiel@rpi.edu; paolo.pezzini@unige.it; david.tucker@netl.doe.gov; larry.banta@mail.wvu.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4575-2 PY 2014 AR V006T06A003 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Materials Science GA BD6IJ UT WOS:000362239800017 ER PT B AU Knipe, K Manero, AC Sofronsky, S Okasinski, J Almer, J Wischek, J Meid, C Karlsson, A Bartsch, M Raghavan, S AF Knipe, Kevin Manero, Albert C., II Sofronsky, Stephen Okasinski, John Almer, Jonathan Wischek, Janine Meid, Carla Karlsson, Anette Bartsch, Marion Raghavan, Seetha GP ASME TI SYNCHROTRON XRD MEASUREMENTS MAPPING INTERNAL STRAINS OF THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS DURING THERMAL GRADIENT MECHANICAL FATIGUE LOADING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PVD TBC AB An understanding of the high temperature mechanics experienced in Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC) during cycling conditions would be highly beneficial to extending the lifespan of the coatings. This study will present results obtained using synchrotron x-rays to measure depth resolved strains in the various layers of TBCs under thermal mechanical loading and a superposed thermal gradient. Tubular specimens, coated with Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) and an aluminum containing nickel alloy as a bond coat both through Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD), were subjected to external heating and controlled internal cooling generating a thermal gradient across the specimen's wall. Temperatures at the external surface were in excess of 1000 degrees C. Throughout high temperature testing, 2-D high-resolution XRD strain measurements are taken at various locations through the entire depth of the coating layers. Across the YSZ a strain gradient was observed showing higher compressive strain at the interface to the bond coat than towards the surface. This behavior can be attributed to the specific microstructure of the EB-PVD-coating, which reveals higher porosity at the outer surface than at the interface to the bond coat, resulting in a lower in plane modulus near the surface. This location at the interface displays the most significant variation due to applied load at room temperature with this effect diminishing at elevated uniform temperatures. During thermal cycling with a thermal gradient and mechanical loading, the bond coat strain moves from a highly tensile state at room temperature to an initially compressive state at high temperature before relaxing to zero during the high temperature hold. The results of these experiments give insight into previously unseen material behavior at high temperature which can be used to develop an increased understanding of various failure modes and their causes. C1 [Knipe, Kevin; Manero, Albert C., II; Sofronsky, Stephen; Raghavan, Seetha] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Okasinski, John; Almer, Jonathan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wischek, Janine] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Mat Res, Mech Testing Mat Grp, Cologne, Germany. [Meid, Carla] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Mat Res, Cologne, Germany. [Karlsson, Anette] Cleveland Stand Univ, Engn, Cleveland, OH USA. [Bartsch, Marion] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Mat Res, Expt & Numer Methods, Cologne, Germany. RP Knipe, K (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4575-2 PY 2014 AR V006T02A011 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Materials Science GA BD6IJ UT WOS:000362239800011 ER PT B AU Pezzini, P Ferrari, ML Tucker, D Traverso, A AF Pezzini, Paolo Ferrari, Mario L. Tucker, David Traverso, Alberto GP ASME TI Research and Educational Opportunities in Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Advanced Power Systems: An International Perspective SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HiLS) is a specific technique designed in the experimental environment for studying the coupling between different technologies, where simulated and hardware components interact to each other. Two different HiLS facilities used for educational and research purposes are examined in the paper: the Hybrid Performance (Hyper) project facility at the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), and the Hybrid system emulator at the Thermochemical Power Group (TPG) facility, run by the University of Genoa in Italy. Since one facility is at a national laboratory and the other one in a university environment, both facilities dedicate considerable resources to the education of students with a different perspective: industrial and experimental approach. A description of the two configurations, the unique and overlapping attributes of each facility and the experimental results are reported and discussed to show different possibilities for students and researchers. Undergraduates, Postgraduates and Ph.D. students have the opportunity to learn innovative configuration of energy power systems, innovative control strategies applied to hybrid configurations, how to design real hardware components, and how to implementation real-time simulation models. The strong impact of these two laboratories is to show to students the applicability about their knowledge studied during lectures. C1 [Pezzini, Paolo; Ferrari, Mario L.; Traverso, Alberto] Univ Genoa, TPG, DIME, Genoa, Italy. [Tucker, David] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Pezzini, P (reprint author), Univ Genoa, TPG, DIME, Genoa, Italy. EM paolo.pezzini@unige.it; mario.ferrari@unige.it; david.tucker@netl.doe.gov; Alberto.traverso@unige.it NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4575-2 PY 2014 AR V006T08A006 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Materials Science GA BD6IJ UT WOS:000362239800056 ER PT B AU Pezzini, P Tucker, D Traverso, A AF Pezzini, Paolo Tucker, David Traverso, Alberto GP ASME TI Control Strategy for a Direct-Fired Fuel Cell Turbine Hybrid Power System SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB A hardware-in-the-loop-simulation (HiLS) procedure for a direct-fired fuel cell turbine hybrid power system was evaluated for an integrated gasifier/fuel cell/turbine hybrid cycle (IGFC), implemented through the Hybrid Performance (Hyper) project at the National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy (NETL). The Hyper facility is designed to explore dynamic operation of hybrid systems and quantitatively characterize such transient behaviour. It is possible to model, test and evaluate the effects of different parameters on the design and operation of a gasifier/fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid system and quantify risk mitigation strategies. The previous implementation of emergency shut-down control strategies resulted in turbomachinery hardware failure. The primary linking event in these cases was compressor stall and surge resulting from the sudden loss of fuel during implementation of the standard double block and bleed strategy used during emergency failure. A new mitigation strategy involving automated ramps is proposed and described in detail to control the system from start-up to forced emergency shut-down. The control architecture shows how the virtual fuel cell model can be coupled to the real gas turbine safely, in all of stage of operations. The paper includes improvements to the emergency shutdown procedure, failure analyses, and the comparison of experimental data with previous results. C1 [Pezzini, Paolo; Traverso, Alberto] Univ Genoa, Thermochem Power Grp TPG DIME, Genoa, Italy. [Tucker, David] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Dept Energy, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Pezzini, P (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Thermochem Power Grp TPG DIME, Genoa, Italy. EM paolo.pezzini@unige.it; david.tucker@netl.doe.gov; alberto.traverso@unige.it NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4575-2 PY 2014 AR V006T06A020 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Materials Science GA BD6IJ UT WOS:000362239800034 ER PT B AU Thornton, J Dale, D Zonneveldt, M Wood, C Almer, J AF Thornton, John Dale, Darren Zonneveldt, Matthew Wood, Chris Almer, Jon GP ASME TI STRAIN AND PHASE MAPPING OF CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES AND PROTECTIVE COATINGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID MICROSTRUCTURE AB Coatings are frequently required to provide oxidation protection for high temperature materials. Silicon carbide (SiC) coatings have been used to protect carbon-carbon composites on leading edges and zirconia coatings are used as thermal barriers on gas turbine aerofoils. The effectiveness and durability of these coatings is dependent on the residual strains created in these coatings during their formation or deposition and also during service. Tensile strains in the plane of the coating can lead to through thickness cracks that expose the substrate, while compressive strains can cause the coating to delaminate. This paper presents strain measurements of these high temperature material systems obtained with high energy X-ray diffraction. The diffraction also provided useful information on phase, crystallite size and texture as a function of depth. Tensile strains were found in the SiC coatings, and compressive strains were found in the zirconia coatings. Both these strains were parallel to their coatings' surfaces. The differences in thermal expansion coefficients between the coatings and their substrates can account for both the compressive strain in the zirconia and the tensile strain in the SiC. C1 [Thornton, John; Zonneveldt, Matthew; Wood, Chris] DSTO Fishermans Bend, Aerosp Div, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Dale, Darren] Cornell Univ, CHESS, Ithaca, NY USA. [Almer, Jon] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thornton, J (reprint author), DSTO Fishermans Bend, Aerosp Div, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4575-2 PY 2014 AR V006T02A008 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Materials Science GA BD6IJ UT WOS:000362239800008 ER PT S AU Zhou, Y Chang, H Barner, K Spellman, P Parvin, B AF Zhou, Yin Chang, Hang Barner, Kenneth Spellman, Paul Parvin, Bahram GP IEEE TI Classification of Histology Sections via Multispectral Convolutional Sparse Coding SO 2014 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION (CVPR) SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) CY JUN 23-28, 2014 CL Columbus, OH SP CVF, IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc ID COLOR AB Image-based classification of histology sections plays an important role in predicting clinical outcomes. However this task is very challenging due to the presence of large technical variations (e.g., fixation, staining) and biological heterogeneities (e.g., cell type, cell state). In the field of biomedical imaging, for the purposes of visualization and/or quantification, different stains are typically used for different targets of interest (e.g., cellular/subcellular events), which generates multi-spectrum data (images) through various types of microscopes and, as a result, provides the possibility of learning biological-component-specific features by exploiting multispectral information. We propose a multispectral feature learning model that automatically learns a set of convolution filter banks from separate spectra to efficiently discover the intrinsic tissue morphometric signatures, based on convolutional sparse coding (CSC). The learned feature representations are then aggregated through the spatial pyramid matching framework (SPM) and finally classified using a linear SVM. The proposed system has been evaluated using two large-scale tumor cohorts, collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Experimental results show that the proposed model 1) outperforms systems utilizing sparse coding for unsupervised feature learning (e. g., PSD-SPM [5]); 2) is competitive with systems built upon features with biological prior knowledge (e. g., SMLSPM [4]). [GRAPHICS] . C1 [Zhou, Yin; Barner, Kenneth] Univ Delaware, ECE Dept, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Spellman, Paul] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Spatial Syst Biomed, Portland, OR USA. [Chang, Hang; Parvin, Bahram] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chang, Hang; Parvin, Bahram] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Zhou, Y (reprint author), Univ Delaware, ECE Dept, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM zhouyin@udel.edu; hchang@lbl.gov; barner@udel.edu; spellmap@ohsu.edu; b_parvin@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 978-1-4799-5117-8 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2014 BP 3081 EP 3088 DI 10.1109/CVPR.2014.394 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BD5LI UT WOS:000361555603018 ER PT S AU Basagni, S Boloni, L Gjanci, P Petrioli, C Phillips, CA Turgut, D AF Basagni, Stefano Boeloeni, Ladislau Gjanci, Petrika Petrioli, Chiara Phillips, Cynthia A. Turgut, Damla GP IEEE TI Maximizing the Value of Sensed Information in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks via an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle SO 2014 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM SE IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Annual Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2014 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE ID OPTICAL COMMUNICATION AB This paper considers underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) for submarine surveillance and monitoring. Nodes produce data with an associated value, decaying in time. An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is sent to retrieve information from the nodes, through optical communication, and periodically emerges to deliver the collected data to a sink, located on the surface or onshore. Our objective is to determine a collection path for the AUV so that the Value of Information (VoI) of the data delivered to the sink is maximized. To this purpose, we first define an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model for path planning that considers realistic data communication rates, distances, and surfacing constraints. We then define the first heuristic for path finding that is adaptive to the occurrence of new events, relying only on acoustic communication for exchanging short control messages. Our Greedy and Adaptive AUV Pathfinding (GAAP) heuristic drives the AUV to collect packets from nodes to maximize the VoI of the delivered data. We compare the VoI of data obtained by running the optimum solution derived by the ILP model to that obtained from running GAAP over UWSNs with realistic and desirable size. In our experiments GAAP consistently delivers more than 80% of the theoretical maximum VoI determined by the ILP model. C1 [Basagni, Stefano] Northeastern Univ, ECE Dept, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Boeloeni, Ladislau; Turgut, Damla] Univ Cent Florida, Dept EECS, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Gjanci, Petrika; Petrioli, Chiara] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Informat, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Phillips, Cynthia A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Basagni, S (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, ECE Dept, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM basagni@ece.neu.edu; lboloni@eecs.ucf.edu; gjanci@di.uniroma1.it; petrioli@di.uniroma1.it; caphill@sandia.gov; turgut@eecs.ucf.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 978-1-4799-3360-0 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2014 BP 970 EP 978 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5KX UT WOS:000361544200109 ER PT S AU Kong, DG Yan, GH AF Kong, Deguang Yan, Guanhua GP IEEE TI Transductive Malware Label Propagation: Find Your Lineage From Your Neighbors SO 2014 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM SE IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Annual Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2014 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE ID MALICIOUS EXECUTABLES; CLASSIFICATION; DETECT AB The numerous malware variants existing in the cyberspace have posed severe threats to its security. Supervised learning techniques have been applied to automate the process of classifying malware variants. Supervised learning, however, suffers in situations where we have only scarce labeled malware samples. In this work, we propose a transductive malware classification framework, which propagates label information from labeled instances to unlabeled ones. We improve the existing Harmonic function approach based on the maximum confidence principle. We apply this framework on the structural information collected from malware programs, and propose a PageRank-like algorithm to evaluate the distance between two malware programs. We evaluate the performance of our method against the standard Harmonic function method as well as two popular supervised learning techniques. Experimental results suggest that our method outperforms these existing approaches in classifying malware variants when only a small number of labeled samples are available. C1 [Kong, Deguang] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Yan, Guanhua] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Kong, DG (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM doogkong@gmail.com; ghyan@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 978-1-4799-3360-0 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2014 BP 1411 EP 1419 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5KX UT WOS:000361544200158 ER PT S AU Won, JH Ma, CYT Yau, DKY Rao, NSV AF Won, Jongho Ma, Chris Y. T. Yau, David K. Y. Rao, Nageswara S. V. GP IEEE TI Proactive Fault-Tolerant Aggregation Protocol for Privacy-Assured Smart Metering SO 2014 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM SE IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Annual Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2014 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE AB Smart meters are integral to demand response in emerging smart grids, by reporting the electricity consumption of users to serve application needs. But reporting real-time usage information for individual households raises privacy concerns. Existing techniques to guarantee differential privacy (DP) of smart meter users either are not fault tolerant or achieve (possibly partial) fault tolerance at high communication overheads. In this paper, we propose a fault-tolerant protocol for smart metering that can handle general communication failures while ensuring DP with significantly improved efficiency and lower errors compared with the state of the art. Our protocol handles fail-stop faults proactively by using a novel design of future ciphertexts, and distributes trust among the smart meters by sharing secret keys among them. We prove the DP properties of our protocol and analyze its advantages in fault tolerance, accuracy, and communication efficiency relative to competing techniques. We illustrate our analysis by simulations driven by real-world traces of electricity consumption. C1 [Won, Jongho] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ma, Chris Y. T.; Yau, David K. Y.] Adv Digital Sci Ctr, Singapore, Singapore. [Yau, David K. Y.] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Won, JH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM won12@cs.purdue.edu; chris.ma@adsc.com.sg; david_yau@sutd.edu.sg; raons@ornl.gov OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 978-1-4799-3360-0 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2014 BP 2804 EP 2812 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5KX UT WOS:000361544200313 ER PT S AU Tang, ZW He, SJ Pei, H Du, D Fan, CH Lin, YH AF Tang, Zhiwen He, Shijiang Pei, Hao Du, Dan Fan, Chunhai Lin, Yuehe BE Li, J Wu, N TI Graphene-Based Optical Biosensors and Imaging SO BIOSENSORS BASED ON NANOMATERIALS AND NANODEVICES SE Nanomaterials and Their Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; QUANTUM DOTS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; SENSING BIOMOLECULES; DRUG-DELIVERY; DNA DETECTION; OXIDE; FLUORESCENCE C1 [Tang, Zhiwen; Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [He, Shijiang; Pei, Hao; Fan, Chunhai] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Du, Dan; Lin, Yuehe] Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Tang, ZW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Pei, Hao/D-4509-2012 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Pei, Hao/0000-0002-6885-6708 NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2372-0034 BN 978-1-4665-5152-7; 978-1-4665-5151-0 J9 NANOMATER THEIR APPL PY 2014 BP 93 EP 110 PG 18 WC Biophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BD6GE UT WOS:000362197800005 ER PT S AU Liu, GLG Zheng, WW Zhang, PP Chen, FQ AF Liu, Gang Logan Zheng, Wenwei Zhang, Pingping Chen, Fanqing (Frank) BE Li, J Wu, N TI Biosensing Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy SO BIOSENSORS BASED ON NANOMATERIALS AND NANODEVICES SE Nanomaterials and Their Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; GLANCING ANGLE DEPOSITION; PLASMON RESONANCE; NANOSPHERE LITHOGRAPHY; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; THIN-FILMS; NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES C1 [Liu, Gang Logan] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zheng, Wenwei] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Zhang, Pingping; Chen, Fanqing (Frank)] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, GLG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 142 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2372-0034 BN 978-1-4665-5152-7; 978-1-4665-5151-0 J9 NANOMATER THEIR APPL PY 2014 BP 111 EP 155 PG 45 WC Biophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BD6GE UT WOS:000362197800006 ER PT S AU Pearce, R McKnight, TE Melechko, A AF Pearce, Ryan McKnight, Timothy E. Melechko, Anatoli BE Li, J Wu, N TI Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers for Biointerfacing SO BIOSENSORS BASED ON NANOMATERIALS AND NANODEVICES SE Nanomaterials and Their Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS; FILAMENTOUS CARBON; HIPPOCAMPAL SLICES; GROWTH; ARRAYS; PLASMA; NICKEL; ELECTRODES; CATALYSTS C1 [Pearce, Ryan; Melechko, Anatoli] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McKnight, Timothy E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Pearce, R (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2372-0034 BN 978-1-4665-5152-7; 978-1-4665-5151-0 J9 NANOMATER THEIR APPL PY 2014 BP 295 EP 315 PG 21 WC Biophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BD6GE UT WOS:000362197800012 ER PT B AU Romero, LA Dickey, FM AF Romero, Louis A. Dickey, Fred M. BE Dickey, FM TI Mathematical and Physical Theory of Lossless Beam Shaping SO LASER BEAM SHAPING: THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Romero, Louis A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat & Appl Math, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Dickey, Fred M.] FMD Consulting LLC, Springfield, MO USA. RP Romero, LA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat & Appl Math, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6101-4; 978-1-4665-6100-7 PY 2014 BP 13 EP 102 D2 10.1201/b17140 PG 90 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD4EE UT WOS:000360540000003 ER PT B AU Romero, LA Dickey, FM AF Romero, Louis A. Dickey, Fred M. BE Dickey, FM TI Laser Beam Splitting Gratings SO LASER BEAM SHAPING: THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIFFRACTIVE PHASE ELEMENTS; FAN-OUT ELEMENTS; ARRAY GENERATION; DAMMANN-GRATINGS; BINARY-PHASE; DESIGN; FABRICATION; EFFICIENCY C1 [Romero, Louis A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat & Appl Math, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Dickey, Fred M.] FMD Consulting LLC, Springfield, MO USA. RP Romero, LA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat & Appl Math, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6101-4; 978-1-4665-6100-7 PY 2014 BP 103 EP 125 D2 10.1201/b17140 PG 23 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD4EE UT WOS:000360540000004 ER PT B AU Dickey, FM Holswade, SC AF Dickey, Fred M. Holswade, Scott C. BE Dickey, FM TI Gaussian Beam Shaping: Diffraction Theory and Design SO LASER BEAM SHAPING: THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LASER-BEAM; UNIFORM BEAM; ILLUMINATION; CONVERSION; GRATINGS C1 [Dickey, Fred M.] FMD Consulting LLC, Springfield, MO 65807 USA. [Holswade, Scott C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dickey, FM (reprint author), FMD Consulting LLC, Springfield, MO 65807 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6101-4; 978-1-4665-6100-7 PY 2014 BP 151 EP 194 D2 10.1201/b17140 PG 44 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD4EE UT WOS:000360540000006 ER PT B AU Brown, DM Dickey, FM Weichman, LS AF Brown, Daniel M. Dickey, Fred M. Weichman, Louis S. BE Dickey, FM TI Multi-Aperture Beam Integration Systems SO LASER BEAM SHAPING: THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DESIGN CONCEPTS; LASER C1 [Brown, Daniel M.] Optosensors Technol Inc, Gurley, AL 35748 USA. [Dickey, Fred M.] FMD Consulting LLC, Springfield, MO USA. [Weichman, Louis S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brown, DM (reprint author), Optosensors Technol Inc, Gurley, AL 35748 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6101-4; 978-1-4665-6100-7 PY 2014 BP 405 EP 439 D2 10.1201/b17140 PG 35 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD4EE UT WOS:000360540000011 ER PT B AU Abodeely, JM Muth, DJ Koch, J Bryden, KM AF Abodeely, Jared M. Muth, David J., Jr. Koch, Joshua Bryden, Kenneth M. GP ASME TI AN INTEGRATED MODEL APPROACH FOR QUANTIFYING CARBON EMISSIONS FROM RESIDUE-BASED BIOFUEL PRODUCTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROUS-OXIDE EVOLUTION; GREENHOUSE-GAS FLUX; RAINFALL EVENTS; CORN STOVER; REMOVAL; BIOENERGY; DAYCENT; METHODOLOGY; DYNAMICS AB This paper presents an agricultural residue removal decision framework that couples the environmental process models WEPS, RUSLE2, SCI, and DAYCENT. One of the goals of this integrated model is to quantify the impacts of land management strategies on soil organic carbon and CO2 emissions. Soil, climate, and land management practices are considered in determining sustainable residue removal rates using wind- and water-induced soil erosion and qualitative soil organic carbon constraints and to quantify the long-term impacts of sustainable residue removal on soil organic carbon and greenhouse gas emissions. Using this integrated model sustainable residue removal for four crop rotations, three tillage regimes, and four soil types representing nearly 70% of the arable acres in Boone County, Iowa are examined. Each scenario was performed for a twenty-year period. Soil organic carbon and CO2 emission results are aggregated by soil type using crop rotation and tillage statistics. The soil type results are aggregated using a normalized percentage area to provide a county level estimate of soil organic carbon changes and CO2 emissions. Results show that for the largest sustainable residue removal rate that soil organic carbon increased 3.53 - 6.63 Mg/ha over the 20 year simulation and that CO2 emissions ranged from 3.50 - 4.23 Mg/ha across the four soil types resulting in an average increase of soil organic carbon of 4.85 Mg/ha and CO2 emission of 3.77 Mg/ha at the county level. C1 [Abodeely, Jared M.; Muth, David J., Jr.; Koch, Joshua] US DOE, Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Bryden, Kenneth M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. RP Abodeely, JM (reprint author), US DOE, Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5585-0 PY 2014 AR V02AT02A017 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD6IN UT WOS:000362241500017 ER PT B AU Cafferty, KG Muth, DJ Jacobson, JJ Bryden, KM AF Cafferty, Kara G. Muth, David J., Jr. Jacobson, Jacob J. Bryden, Kenneth M. GP ASME TI MODEL BASED BIOMASS SYSTEM DESIGN OF FEEDSTOCK SUPPLY SYSTEMS FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB Engineering feedstock supply systems that deliver affordable, high-quality biomass remains a challenge for the emerging bioenergy industry. Cellulosic biomass is geographically distributed and has diverse physical and chemical properties. Because of this feedstock supply systems that deliver cellulosic biomass resources to biorefineries require integration of a broad set of engineered unit operations. These unit operations include harvest and collection, storage, preprocessing, and transportation processes. Design decisions for each feedstock supply system unit operation impact the engineering design and performance of the other system elements. These interdependencies are further complicated by spatial and temporal variances such as climate conditions and biomass characteristics. This paper develops an integrated model that couples a SQL-based data management engine and systems dynamics models to design and evaluate biomass feedstock supply systems. The integrated model, called the Biomass Logistics Model (BLM), includes a suite of databases that provide 1) engineering performance data for hundreds of equipment systems, 2) spatially explicit labor cost datasets, and 3) local tax and regulation data. The BLM analytic engine is built in the systems dynamics software package Powersim (TM). The BLM is designed to work with thermochemical and biochemical based biofuel conversion platforms and accommodates a range of cellulosic biomass types (i.e., herbaceous residues, short- rotation woody and herbaceous energy crops, woody residues, algae, etc.). The BLM simulates the flow of biomass through the entire supply chain, tracking changes in feedstock characteristics (i.e., moisture content, dry matter, ash content, and dry bulk density) as influenced by the various operations in the supply chain. By accounting for all of the equipment that comes into contact with biomass from the point of harvest to the throat of the conversion facility and the change in characteristics, the BLM evaluates economic performance of the engineered system, as well as determining energy consumption and green house gas performance of the design. This paper presents a BLM case study delivering corn stover to produce cellulosic ethanol. The case study utilizes the BLM to model the performance of several feedstock supply system designs. The case study also explores the impact of temporal variations in climate conditions to test the sensitivity of the engineering designs. Results from the case study show that under certain conditions corn stover can be delivered to the cellulosic ethanol biorefinery for $35/dry ton. C1 [Cafferty, Kara G.; Muth, David J., Jr.; Jacobson, Jacob J.] US DOE, Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Bryden, Kenneth M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. RP Cafferty, KG (reprint author), US DOE, Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5586-7 PY 2014 AR V02BT02A023 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD6MH UT WOS:000362379000023 ER PT B AU Grosvenor, AD Rixon, GS Sailer, LM Matheson, MA Gutzwiller, DP Demeulenaere, A Gontier, M Strazisar, AJ AF Grosvenor, Allan D. Rixon, Gregory S. Sailer, Logan M. Matheson, Michael A. Gutzwiller, David P. Demeulenaere, Alain Gontier, Mathieu Strazisar, Anthony J. GP ASME TI High Resolution RANS NLH Study of Stage 67 Tip Injection Physics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 2B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID VORTEX AB Numerical prediction of the Stage 67 transonic fan stage employing wall jet tip injection flow control and study of the physical mechanisms leading to stall suppression and stability enhancement afforded by endwall recirculation/injection is the foals of this paper. Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes computations were used to perform detailed analysis of the Stage 67 configuration experimentally tested at NASA's Glenn Research Center in 2004. Time varying predictions of the stage plus recirculation and injection flowpath were executed utilizing the Nonlinear Harmonic approach. Significantly higher grid resolution per passage was achieved than what has been generally employed in prior reported numerical studies of spike stall phenomena in transonic compressors. This paper focuses on characterizing the physics of spike stall embryonic stage phenomena and the influence of tip injection, resulting in experimentally and numerically demonstrated stall suppression. C1 [Grosvenor, Allan D.; Rixon, Gregory S.; Sailer, Logan M.] Ramgen Power Syst LLC, Bellevue, WA 98005 USA. [Matheson, Michael A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Gutzwiller, David P.; Demeulenaere, Alain] Numeca USA, San Francisco, CA USA. [Gontier, Mathieu] Numeca Int, Brussels, Belgium. [Strazisar, Anthony J.] AJS Aero Inc, Chesterland, OH USA. RP Grosvenor, AD (reprint author), Ramgen Power Syst LLC, Bellevue, WA 98005 USA. EM allan.grosvenor@gmail.com NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4561-5 PY 2014 AR V02BT39A045 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BD5ZG UT WOS:000361922900045 ER PT B AU Roberts, RA Therkelsen, P AF Roberts, Rory A. Therkelsen, Peter GP ASME TI Aircraft Engine Electrical Power Generation with a SOFC Combustor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 3A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID PREMIXED GAS-TURBINES; AVIATION; FUELS AB Next generation aircraft will require more onboard electrical power generation capacity as systems previously powered by engine bleed and hydraulics are electrified and new electricity based technologies are integrated. Increasing the amount of electrical power generated from aircraft main engines reduces thrust capacity and thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC), but could increase specific fuel consumption (SFC). An alternative cycle with very high conversion efficiencies is proposed for electrical power production on aircraft. The unique cycle, termed a SOFC combustor, integrates a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) with existing onboard combustion based engines. The SOFC combustor produces direct current (DC) electrical power and provides high temperature exhaust for use in the expansion process of the aircraft engine. The SOFC combustor utilizes compressed air from the engine's compressor and vaporized fuel to produce DC current. Fuel and air not utilized by the fuel cell are converted to thermal products by an aerodynamically stabilized combustion system capable of adapting to fuel/air and pressure variations. Hot products from the combustion system are returned to the main engines for use as thrust or mechanical shaft work. System level results will be presented for overall impact to aircraft engine specific fuel consumption. C1 [Roberts, Rory A.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45044 USA. [Therkelsen, Peter] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Roberts, RA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45044 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4565-3 PY 2014 AR V03AT07A032 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD6CR UT WOS:000362057900054 ER PT B AU Carlson, M Conboy, T Fleming, D Pasch, J AF Carlson, Matt Conboy, Thomas Fleming, Darryn Pasch, Jim GP ASME TI SCALING CONSIDERATIONS FOR SCO2 CYCLE HEAT EXCHANGERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 3B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Many SCO2 Brayton cycle demonstration loops have been constructed or are being planned at various thermal power levels between several kilowatts up to 50MW. However experiences at Sandia National Labs and other organizations have demonstrated that few options exist to procure off-theshelf heat exchangers, especially for higher temperature ranges, due to high operating and differential pressures and the cost of materials with sufficient strength above 600 degrees C. This paper reviews fundamental mechanical scaling considerations governing SCO2 cycle heat exchangers that should be considered when designing and constructing SCO2 cycles. Current manufacturing limitations will also be reviewed. C1 [Carlson, Matt; Conboy, Thomas; Fleming, Darryn; Pasch, Jim] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carlson, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4566-0 PY 2014 AR V03BT36A020 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD6CS UT WOS:000362058200058 ER PT B AU Conboy, TM Carlson, MD Rochau, GE AF Conboy, T. M. Carlson, M. D. Rochau, G. E. GP ASME TI DRY-COOLED SUPERCRITICAL CO2 POWER FOR ADVANCED NUCLEAR REACTORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 3B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID DIOXIDE BRAYTON CYCLE; GAS-TURBINE; ENERGY; PLANT AB Currently, waste heat rejection from electrical power systems accounts for the largest fraction of water withdrawals from the US fresh water table. Siting of nuclear power plants is limited to areas with access to a large natural supply of fresh or sea water Due to a rise in energy needs and increased concern over environmental impact, dry air cooling systems are poised to play a large role in the future energy economy. In practice, the implementation of thy air-cooled condensing systems at steam plants has proven to be capital-intensive and requires the power cycle to take a significant efficiency penalty. These shortcomings are fundamental to dry-air steam condensation, which must occur at a fixed temperature. Closed-cycle gas turbines are an alternative to the conventional steam Rankine plant that allow for much improved dry heat rejection compatibility. Recent research into advanced nuclear energy systems has identified the supercritical CO2 (s-CO2) Brayton cycle in particular as a viable candidate for many proposed reactor types. The s-CO2 Brayton cycle can maintain superior thermal efficiency over a wide range of ambient temperatures, making these power systems ideally suited for dry air cooling, even in warm climates. For an SFR operating at 550 degrees C, thermal efficiency is calculated to be 43% with a 50 degrees C compressor inlet temperature. This is achieved by raising CO2 compressor inlet pressure in response to rising ambient temperatures. Preliminary design studies have shown that s-CO2 power cycle hardware will be compact and therefore well-matched to near-term and advanced integral SMR designs. These advantages also extend to the cooling plant, where it is estimated that dry cooling towers for an SFR-coupled s-CO2 power cycle will be similar in cost and scale to the evaporative cooling tower for an LWR. The projected benefits of the s-CO2 power cycle coupled to dry air heat rejection may enable the long-awaited rise of next-generation nuclear energy systems, while re-drawing the map for siting of small and large nuclear energy systems. C1 [Conboy, T. M.; Carlson, M. D.; Rochau, G. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Nucl Concepts, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Conboy, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Nucl Concepts, POB 5800,MS1136, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmconbo@sandia.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4566-0 PY 2014 AR V03BT36A001 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD6CS UT WOS:000362058200039 ER PT B AU Fleming, D Kruizenga, A Pasch, J Conboy, T Carlson, M AF Fleming, Darryn Kruizenga, Alan Pasch, James Conboy, Tom Carlson, Matt GP ASME TI CORROSION AND EROSION BEHAVIOR IN SUPERCRITICAL CO2 POWER CYCLES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 3B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (S-CO2) is emerging as a potential working fluid in power-production Brayton cycles. As a result, concerns have been raised regarding fluid purity within the power cycle loops. Additionally, investigations into the longevity of the S-CO2 power cycle materials are being conducted to quantify the advantages of using S-CO2 versus other fluids, since S-CO2 promises substantially higher efficiencies. One potential issue with S-CO2 systems is intergranular corrosion [1]. At this time, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is establishing a materials baseline through the analysis of 1) "as received" stainless steel piping, and 2) piping exposed to S-CO2 under typical operating conditions with SNL's Brayton systems. Results from ongoing investigations are presented. A second issue that SNL has discovered involves substantial erosion in the turbine blade and inlet nozzle. It is believed that this is caused by small particulates that originate from different materials around the loop that are entrained by the S-CO2 to the nozzle, where they impact the inlet nozzle vanes, causing erosion. We believe that, in some way, this is linked to the purity of the S-CO2, the corrosion contaminants, and the metal particulates that are present in the loop and its components. C1 [Fleming, Darryn; Kruizenga, Alan; Pasch, James; Conboy, Tom; Carlson, Matt] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fleming, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4566-0 PY 2014 AR V03BT36A002 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD6CS UT WOS:000362058200040 ER PT B AU Kruizenga, A Fleming, D AF Kruizenga, Alan Fleming, Darryn GP ASME TI MATERIALS CORROSION CONCERNS FOR SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE HEAT EXCHANGERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 3B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID ALLOYS; PLANT AB Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (S-CO2) is an efficient and flexible working fluid for power production. Research to interface S-CO2 systems with nuclear, thermal solar, and fossil energy sources are currently underway. To proceed, we must address concerns regarding high temperature compatibility of materials and compatibility between significantly different heat transfer fluids. Dry, pure S-CO2 is thought to be relatively inert [1], while ppm levels of water and oxygen result in formation of a protective chromia layer and iron oxide [2]. Thin oxides are favorable as diffusion barriers, and for their minimal impact on heat transfer. Chromia, however, is soluble in molten salt systems (nitrate, chloride, and fluoride based salts) [3-8]. Fluoride anion based systems required the development of the alloy INOR-8 (Hastelloy N, base nickel, 17%Mo) [9] to ensure that chromium diffusion is minimized, thereby maximizing the life of containment vessels. This paper reviews the thermodynamic and kinetic considerations for promising, industrially available materials for both salt and S-CO2 systems. C1 [Kruizenga, Alan] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Fleming, Darryn] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kruizenga, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4566-0 PY 2014 AR V03BT36A010 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD6CS UT WOS:000362058200048 ER PT B AU Pasch, J Conboy, T Fleming, D Carlson, M Rochau, G AF Pasch, Jim Conboy, Tom Fleming, Darryn Carlson, Matt Rochau, Gary GP ASME TI STEADY STATE SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE RECOMPRESSION CLOSED BRAYTON CYCLE OPERATING POINT COMPARISON WITH PREDICTIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 3B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) supercritical carbon dioxide recompression closed Brayton cycle (RCBC) test assembly (TA) construction has been completed to its original design and resides at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico. Commissioning tests were completed in July 2012, followed by a number of tests in both the recompression CBC configuration, and in a bottoming cycle configuration that is proprietary to a current customer. While the test assembly has been developed and installed to support testing, a computer model of the loop, written in Fortran programming language, has also been developed. The purpose of this iterative model is to facilitate data interpretation, guide test assembly design modifications, develop control schemes, and serve as a foundation from which to develop a transient model. Of central utility is its modular nature, which has already been leveraged to develop a customer's bottoming cycle configuration. Verification that the model uses appropriate physical representations of components and processes, is performing as intended, and validation that the model accurately reproduces test data, are necessary activities. Completion of the model's verification and validation (V&V) supports the long-term goal of commercializing the RCBC for a sodium fast reactor. This paper presents verification results of certain subprocesses of the iterative computer model. Verification of these subprocesses was completed with positive results. While an adequate range of data for complete and thorough validation do not yet exist, comparison of subprocess predictions with data from a single, representative operating point are presented as are explanations for differences. Recommendations for activities necessary to complete subprocess and model validation are given. The RCBC iterative computer model V&V process should be revisited following completion of these recommended actions and the generation of steady state data while operating near the test assembly design point. C1 [Pasch, Jim; Conboy, Tom; Fleming, Darryn; Carlson, Matt; Rochau, Gary] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pasch, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4566-0 PY 2014 AR V03BT36A008 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD6CS UT WOS:000362058200046 ER PT B AU Siw, SC Miller, N Chyu, MK Alvin, MA AF Siw, Sin Chien Miller, Nicholas Chyu, Minking K. Alvin, Mary Anne GP ASME TI Heat Transfer and Pressure Loss Characteristics of a Narrow Internal Cooling Passage at Low Reynolds Number SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 5A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB This paper describes a detailed experimental investigation of a narrow rectangular channel based on the double-wall cooling concept that can be applicable to a gas turbine airfoil. The channel has dimensions of 63.5 mm by 12.7 mm, corresponding to an aspect ratio of 5:1. A single pin-fin element, arranged in 9 rows is fitted into the channel. The pin diameter, D, is 12.7 mm, and the ratio of pin-height-to-diameter, H/D is 1. The pins are arranged based on the typical inter-pin spacing of 2.5D in both spanwise and streamwise directions. The Reynolds number, based on the hydraulic diameter of the pin fin and the mean bulk velocity, ranges from 6,000 to 15,000. The experiments employ a hybrid technique based on transient liquid crystal imaging to obtain the distributions of the local heat transfer coefficient over all of the participating surfaces, including the endwalls and all the pin elements. Commercially available CFD software, ANSYS CFX, is used to qualitatively correlate the experimental results and to provide detailed insights of the flow field created by the array.The heat transfer on both the endwall and pin-fin surfaces revealed similar pattern compared to the typical circular pin-fin array, which were conducted at higher Reynolds number. The total heat transfer enhancement of current pin-fin array is approximately five times higher than that of fully developed smooth channel with low pressure loss, which resulted in much higher thermal performance compared to other pin-fin array as reported in the literature. C1 [Siw, Sin Chien; Miller, Nicholas; Chyu, Minking K.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15264 USA. [Alvin, Mary Anne] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Siw, SC (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15264 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4571-4 PY 2014 AR V05AT12A047 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD6EQ UT WOS:000362138600063 ER PT B AU Siw, SC Chyu, MK Alvin, MA AF Siw, Sin Chien Chyu, Minking K. Alvin, Mary Anne GP ASME TI Trailing Edge Cooling of Gas Turbine Airfoil Using Blockages with Straight and Inclined Holes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 5B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID HEAT-TRANSFER COEFFICIENT; RECTANGULAR CHANNEL; PERFORATED RIBS; FLOW AB turbine airfoils, which can provide high heat transfer rate and pressure loss from repeated significant area contractions. This paper describes the detailed experimental studies of heat transfer enhancement and pressure loss characteristics internal cooling passages using single, double and triple blockages equipped with straight and inclined holes. The blockage consist of 7 holes with the diameter, D=6.35mm, which is 0.5 of the height of the channel. Three different hole inclination angles ranging from 0 degrees, 15 degrees and 30 degrees from the horizontal plane are explored. The case with straight holes (0) is considered as baseline case, while the cases with inclined holes are introduced to enhance heat transfer performance. The transient liquid crystal technique is employed to deduce the heat transfer coefficient on the internal cooling channel, while the pressure loss of the entire channel is measured using pressure taps connected to the digital manometer. Numerical analysis is later performed using ANSYS CFX, based on the shear stress turbulence (SST) model to provide detailed insights about the flow field in the channel, which explains the heat transfer phenomena caused by varying the hole inclination angle. The heat transfer performance of the blockages is higher than conventional configuration using vortex generators, i.e., pin-fms by approximately two folds, while accompanied by much higher pressure loss. The proposed inclined holes array exhibits more effective impingement effects resulted in a substantial cooling performance compared to the baseline case by approximately 50%. This design can be applicable to the trailing edge of gas C1 [Siw, Sin Chien; Chyu, Minking K.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Alvin, Mary Anne] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Siw, SC (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4572-1 PY 2014 AR V05BT14A020 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD6ER UT WOS:000362139100078 ER PT B AU Barringer, M Coward, A Clark, K Thole, KA Schmitz, J Wagner, J Alvin, MA Burke, P Dennis, R AF Barringer, Michael Coward, Andrew Clark, Ken Thole, Karen A. Schmitz, John Wagner, Joel Alvin, Mary Anne Burke, Patcharin Dennis, Rich GP ASME TI The Design of a Steady Aero Thermal Research Turbine (START) for Studying Secondary Flow Leakages and Airfoil Heat Transfer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 5C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB This paper describes a new gas turbine research facility that was designed and is currently being constructed with a number of unique features that allow experiments which aim at developing and improving sealing and cooling technologies at a reasonable cost. Experiments will include engine-representative rotating turbine hardware in a continuous, steady-state, high-pressure flow environment. The facility includes a 1.5 stage turbine that will simulate the aerodynamic flow and thermal field interactions in the engine between the hot mainstream gas path and the secondary air flows at relevant corrected operating conditions and scaling parameters. Testing in the new facility is planned to begin in 2014 and will take place in two phases. The first phase is focused on understanding the behavior of inner-stage gap flow leakages in the presence of the main gas path and the rotating blade platform. The second phase is focused on developing and testing novel cooling methods for turbine airfoils, platforms, and disks, ultimately leading to an integrated approach for more effective use of the secondary cooling flow. The uniqueness of this facility includes a continuous duration facility with engine-relevant rotational and axial Reynolds and Mach numbers at the blade inlet. C1 [Barringer, Michael; Coward, Andrew; Clark, Ken; Thole, Karen A.] Penn State Univ, Mech & Nucl Engn Dept, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schmitz, John; Wagner, Joel] Pratt & Whitney, United Technol Corp, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Alvin, Mary Anne; Burke, Patcharin; Dennis, Rich] Natl Energy Technol Lab, US Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Barringer, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mech & Nucl Engn Dept, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4573-8 PY 2014 AR V05CT16A013 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD6ES UT WOS:000362139600013 ER PT S AU Singh, RP Dahe, GJ Dudeck, KW Welch, CF Berchtold, KA AF Singh, Rajinder P. Dahe, Ganpat J. Dudeck, Kevin W. Welch, Cynthia F. Berchtold, Kathryn A. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI High Temperature Polybenzimidazole Hollow Fiber Membranes for Hydrogen Separation and Carbon Dioxide Capture from Synthesis Gas SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Polybenzimidazole; pre-combustion; carbon capture; H-2/CO2 separations; hollow fiber membrane ID CO2 AB Sustainable reliance on hydrocarbon feedstocks for energy generation requires CO2 separation technology development for energy efficient carbon capture from industrial mixed gas streams. High temperature H-2 selective glassy polymer membranes are an attractive option for energy efficient H-2/CO2 separations in advanced power production schemes with integrated carbon capture. They enable high overall process efficiencies by providing energy efficient CO2 separations at process relevant operating conditions and correspondingly, minimized parasitic energy losses. Polybenzimidazole (PBI)-based materials have demonstrated commercially attractive H-2/CO2 separation characteristics and exceptional tolerance to hydrocarbon fuel derived synthesis (syngas) gas operating conditions and chemical environments. To realize a commercially attractive carbon capture technology based on these PBI materials, development of high performance, robust PBI hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) is required. In this work, we discuss outcomes of our recent efforts to demonstrate and optimize the fabrication and performance of PBI HFMs for use in pre-combustion carbon capture schemes. These efforts have resulted in PBI HFMs with commercially attractive fabrication protocols, defect minimized structures, and commercially attractive permselectivity characteristics at IGCC syngas process relevant conditions. The H-2/CO2 separation performance of these PBI HFMs presented here in realistic process conditions is greater than that of any other polymeric system reported to-date. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Singh, Rajinder P.; Dahe, Ganpat J.; Dudeck, Kevin W.; Welch, Cynthia F.; Berchtold, Kathryn A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Carbon Capture & Separat Energy Applicat CaSEA La, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berchtold, KA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Carbon Capture & Separat Energy Applicat CaSEA La, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM berchtold@lanl.gov OI Welch, Cynthia/0000-0002-4638-6434; Singh, Rajinder/0000-0003-4634-4290 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.015 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211500014 ER PT S AU Blount, G Gorensek, M Hamm, L O'Neil, K Kervevan, C Beddelem, MH AF Blount, G. Gorensek, M. Hamm, L. O'Neil, K. Kervevan, C. Beddelem, M. -H. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Pi-CO2 Aqueous Post-Combustion CO2 Capture: Proof of Concept through Thermodynamic, Hydrodynamic, and Gas-Lift Pump Modeling SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Carbon Capture; Enhanced Oil Recovery; EOR; Greenhouse Gas; GHG; Carbon Dioxide; CO2; Dissolved CO2; Industrial Emission AB Partnering in Innovation, Inc. (Pi-Innovation) introduces an aqueous post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture system (Pi-CO2) that offers high market value by directly addressing the primary constraints limiting beneficial re-use markets (lowering parasitic energy costs, reducing delivered cost of capture, eliminating the need for special solvents, etc.). A highly experienced team has completed initial design, modeling, manufacturing verification, and financial analysis for commercial market entry. Coupled thermodynamic and thermal-hydraulic mass transfer modeling results fully support proof of concept. Pi-CO2 has the potential to lower total cost and risk to levels sufficient to stimulate global demand for CO2 from local industrial sources. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Blount, G.; Gorensek, M.; Hamm, L.] Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Blount, G.; Gorensek, M.; Hamm, L.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [O'Neil, K.] Partnering Innovat Inc, Orlando, FL USA. [Kervevan, C.] Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, F-45060 Orleans 2, France. [Beddelem, M. -H.] CFG Serv, F-45064 Orleans 2, France. RP Blount, G (reprint author), Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM Gerald.blount@srs.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.031 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211500030 ER PT S AU Dowling, AW Eason, JP Ma, JL Miller, DC Biegler, LT AF Dowling, Alexander W. Eason, John P. Ma, Jinliang Miller, David C. Biegler, Lorenz. T. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Coal oxycombustion power plant optimization using first principles and surrogate boiler models SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE coal oxycombustion; systems analysis; heat integration; optimization; computational fluid dynamics ID HEAT INTEGRATION; COMBUSTION; CAPTURE; DESIGN AB Numeric optimization has successfully been applied in the chemical industry to improve process performance, reduce emissions, create advanced control systems and intelligently explore process design alternatives. Regarding power plants, optimization methods provide a systematic approach to balance trade-offs when designing efficient and minimal cost carbon capture systems. Coal oxycombustion power plants are an ideal candidate for optimization, given the complex trade-offs regarding flue gas recycle strategies, heat integration and design of cryogenic separation systems. Many oxycombustion studies consider sensitivity analysis instead of multi-variable optimization, which neglect consequentially important interactions between subsystems. Furthermore, these studies rely on over-simplified boiler models available in commercial process simulators. In this paper we present a hybrid 1D/3D boiler model that balances accuracy and computational expense, making it well suited for optimization studies of an entire coal power plant. This model is then incorporated into an equation-based optimization framework for power plants. Trust region optimization methods are used to ensure convergence. Finally a proof-of-concept case study is presented, and future work is discussed. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dowling, Alexander W.; Eason, John P.; Biegler, Lorenz. T.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. [Ma, Jinliang] URS Corp, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Ma, Jinliang; Miller, David C.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Biegler, LT (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. EM author@institute.xxx OI Dowling, Alexander/0000-0001-9383-7499 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 352 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.038 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211500036 ER PT S AU Dowling, AW Balwani, C Gao, QW Biegler, LT AF Dowling, Alexander W. Balwani, Cheshta Gao, Qianwen Biegler, Lorenz T. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Equation-Oriented Optimization of Cryogenic Systems for Coal Oxycombustion Power Generation SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE air seperation unit; CO2 processing unit; coal oxycombustion; optimization; carbon capture ID DISJUNCTIVE PROGRAMMING-MODELS; DISTILLATION-COLUMNS; OPTIMAL-DESIGN; HEAT INTEGRATION; CO2 PURIFICATION; COMBUSTION; PLANT; CAPTURE; UNITS AB Efficient separation systems are essential to the development of economical CO2 capture system for fossil flue power plants. Air Separation Units (ASU) and CO2 Processing Units (CPU) are considering the best commercially available technologies for the O-2/N-2 and CO2/N-2, O-2, Ar separations in coal oxycombustion processes. Both of these systems operate at cryogenic temperatures and include self-integrated refrigeration cycles, making their design challenging. Several researchers have applied sensitivity tools available in the commercial flow sheet simulators to study and improve ASU and CPU systems for oxy-fired coal power plants. These studies are limited, however, as they neglect important interactions between design variables. In this paper, we apply an advanced equation-based flowsheet optimization framework to design these cryogenic separations systems. The key advantage of this approach is the ability to use state-of-the-art nonlinear optimization solvers that are capable of considering 100,000+ variables and constraints. This allows for multi-variable optimization of these cryogenic separations systems and their accompanying multi-stream heat exchangers. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated in two case studies. The optimized ASU designs requires 0.196 kWh/kg of O-2, which are similar to a "low energy" design from American Air Liquide and outperforms other academic studies. Similarly, the optimized CPU requires 18% less specific separation energy than an academic reference case. Pareto (sensitivity) curves for the ASU and CPU systems are also presented. Finally, plans to apply the framework to simultaneously optimize an entire oxycombustion process are discussed. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dowling, Alexander W.; Balwani, Cheshta; Gao, Qianwen; Biegler, Lorenz T.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Gao, Qianwen] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Biegler, LT (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM lb01@andrew.cmu.edu OI Dowling, Alexander/0000-0001-9383-7499 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 421 EP 430 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.044 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211500042 ER PT S AU Eslick, JC Ng, B Gao, QW Tong, CH Sahinidis, NV Miller, DC AF Eslick, John C. Ng, Brenda Gao, Qianwen Tong, Charles H. Sahinidis, Nikolaos V. Miller, David C. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI A framework for optimization and quantification of uncertainty and sensitivity for developing carbon capture systems SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Optimization; Uncertainty Quantification; Simulation; Surrogate Model; Carbon Capture AB Under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy's Carbon Capture Simulation Initiative (CCSI), a Framework for Optimization and Quantification of Uncertainty and Sensitivity (FOQUS) has been developed. This tool enables carbon capture systems to be rapidly synthesized and rigorously optimized, in an environment that accounts for and propagates uncertainties in parameters and models. FOQUS currently enables (1) the development of surrogate algebraic models utilizing the ALAMO algorithm, which can be used for superstructure optimization to identify optimal process configurations, (2) simulation-based optimization utilizing derivative free optimization (DFO) algorithms with detailed black-box process models, and (3) rigorous uncertainty quantification through PSUADE. FOQUS utilizes another CCSI technology, the Turbine Science Gateway, to manage the thousands of simulated runs necessary for optimization and UQ. This computational framework has been demonstrated for the design and analysis of a solid sorbent based carbon capture system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eslick, John C.; Gao, Qianwen; Miller, David C.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Eslick, John C.; Sahinidis, Nikolaos V.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Ng, Brenda; Tong, Charles H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Miller, DC (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM david.miller@netl.doe.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 1055 EP 1063 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.113 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211501012 ER PT S AU Mahapatra, P Ma, JL Ng, B Bhattacharyya, D Zitney, SE Miller, DC AF Mahapatra, Priyadarshi Ma, Jinliang Ng, Brenda Bhattacharyya, Debangsu Zitney, Stephen E. Miller, David C. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Integrated Dynamic Modeling and Advanced Process Control of Carbon Capture Systems SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Dynamic Modeling; Reduced-Order Model; Advanced Process Control; Optimization; Carbon Capture; MPC; CCSI AB Multi-scale dynamic capture models are often too computationally expensive for use in real-time applications, such as operator training and online process control. As a result, innovative methods are required to reduce the complexity of PDE-based and rate-based dynamic models while preserving input-output behavior. In this study, dynamic reduced models (D-RMs) approximate the high-fidelity capture models, thereby offering a trade-off between accuracy, range of applicability, and computational cost. In this paper, we highlight a D-RM builder tool that automatically generates fast D-RMs using pre-computed results from repeated simulation of high-fidelity dynamic process models. Dynamic uncertainty quantification (UQ) analysis is provided that quantifies confidence in the generated D-RM when used as a surrogate 'plant' model. In addition, an Advanced Process Control (APC) framework tool is presented, which uses these reduced-order surrogate models as fast predictive-model(s) for implementing various nonlinear model-predictive control (NMPC) strategies. The developed framework is targeted towards superior disturbance rejection and better responsiveness to demand-changes for otherwise slow capture processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mahapatra, Priyadarshi; Ma, Jinliang; Zitney, Stephen E.] Natl Energy Techol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Miller, David C.] Natl Energy Techol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Ng, Brenda] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Bhattacharyya, Debangsu] W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Zitney, SE (reprint author), Natl Energy Techol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM steve.zitney@netl.doe.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 1354 EP 1367 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.145 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211501044 ER PT S AU Litynski, J Ackiewicz, M Petrucci, D Wagstaff, C AF Litynski, John Ackiewicz, Mark Petrucci, Danielle Wagstaff, Chester BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Evaluation of the US DOE R&D program to identify advanced solvent process configurations for post combustion capture SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Carbon Capture; Carbon Dioxide; Power Plants; System Integration and Optimization; Solvents AB There are increasing efforts by the United States government and private industry to develop advanced technologies to mitigate anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that are contributing to global climate change. One very promising approach to reducing greenhouse emissions is to capture and compress CO2 at a power plant, then transport it to a storage site and inject it for long-term storage in any of a variety of suitable geologic formations. The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is investing in advanced technologies to significantly reduce the cost of capture from pulverized coal, integrated coal gasification combined-cycle, and natural gas fired power systems. The DOE is providing research and development (R&D) funding for over 60 individual projects that are investigating a wide variety of CO2 separation techniques for these systems, including various approaches utilizing advanced solvents, sorbents, and membranes. Research also includes the development of advanced processes and related components to support these new separation technologies and improve the efficiency of the capture systems. It has become clear that integrating the various advanced processes and components with the advanced separation technologies in different combinations will be necessary to reduce the costs to levels which will make power plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS) competitive with other sources of electric power generation. This study consisted of a systematic a review of seven DOE-supported R&D projects active in 2013 and developing advanced solvent technology systems for post combustion capture from pulverized coal fired power plants. For the solvents sub-program area, each project in the portfolio addresses a single or multiple technologies that comprise one or more components of a complete functioning advanced carbon capture system. The scope of the review focused on identifying the components of the advanced solvents technologies and how the various components could be combined and integrated to further reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of capture. Theseven R& D projects selected as part of this study were active in 2013 and are developing/testing six different solvents [i. e., monoethanolamine ((MEA) benchmark), MEA/amine variants, Piperazine (PZ), bio-catalyst/enzyme-catalyzed solvent (carbonic anhydrase -(CA)) with potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and a proprietary amine based solvent]. The projects are also evaluating the use of 17 advanced capture system components (e. g., advanced absorber columns, strippers, intercoolers, compression, heat exchangers, etc.). The approach used in this review was to examine each R& D project and subdivide it into the innovative and unique components or features, and then determine where the individual features could be combined components from other technology systems. Several near-term or second generation technologies were selected and subsequently assembled into various integrated configurations to make complete advanced carbon capture systems. Six conceptual combinations of the technology components were developed to be evaluated for their potential in improving the overall chance of achieving the DOE Program Goals of greater than 90% carbon capture at no more than $ 40/tonne of captured CO2. Each of the combinations was reviewed with the solvent utilized by the primary or base carbon capture (CC) technology developer. The best combination of additional technology components from other projects was then applied to that solvent technology, while attempting not to substantially impact the process conditions. This allows a reasonable evaluation of the potential benefits without compromising the base solvent process. Six conceptual technology combinations that could have additional benefits by combining the advanced solvents, technologies, and capture processes together were identified. For each combination, a screening evaluation was performed of the various components potential contribution to the combined system improvement in capture efficiency. This evaluation and the estimate of component contributions were based on statements about the technology or component ability to reduce the cost of capture or reduce energy use, as represented by the participant organizations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Litynski, John; Ackiewicz, Mark; Petrucci, Danielle] US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Wagstaff, Chester] IBM Corp, Armonk, NY USA. RP Litynski, J (reprint author), US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM john.litynski@hq.doe.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 1514 EP 1524 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.161 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211501060 ER PT S AU Stolaroff, JK Bourcier, WL AF Stolaroff, Joshuah K. Bourcier, William L. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Thermodynamic assessment of microencapsulated sodium carbonate slurry for carbon capture SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE carbon capture; CCS; CO2; sodium carbonate; potassium carbonate; MECS; microcapsules; micro-encapsulation ID SOLUBILITY; CO2 AB Micro-encapsulated Carbon Sorbents (MECS) are a new class of carbon capture materials consisting of a CO2-absorbing liquid solvent contained within solid, CO2-permeable, polymer shells. MECS enhance the rate of CO2-absorption for solvents with slow kinetics and prevent solid precipitates from scaling and fouling equipment, two factors that have previously limited the use of sodium carbonate solution for carbon capture. Here, we examine the thermodynamics of sodium carbonate slurries for carbon capture. We model the vapour-liquid-solid equilibria of sodium carbonate and find several features that can contribute to an energy-efficient capture process: very high CO2 pressures in stripping conditions, relatively low water vapour pressures in stripping conditions, and good swing capacity. The potential energy savings compared with an ME A system are discussed. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ne-nd/3.0/). C1 [Stolaroff, Joshuah K.; Bourcier, William L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stolaroff, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM stolaroff1@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 2331 EP 2335 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.253 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211502051 ER PT S AU Grant, T Morgan, D Poe, A Valenstein, J Lawrence, R Simpson, J AF Grant, Tim Morgan, David Poe, Andrea Valenstein, Jason Lawrence, Richard Simpson, James BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Which reservoir for low cost capture, transportation, and storage? SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE CCS; capture cost; transportation cost; storage cost; Mt Simon; Rose Run AB Quality and location of a carbon dioxide (CO2) storage reservoir are critical for low cost carbon capture and storage (CCS). This analysis models the combination of capture, transportation, and storage costs to estimate a total cost of CCS. Cost of capture at the source is available for annual rates between 4.1 and 0.7 million tonnes of CO2. Cost of transportation is modeled for the distance between the source and the storage reservoir. Cost of CO2 storage is modeled for four representative reservoirs, two Rose Run and two Mt Simon reservoirs, each reservoir in a dome or regional dip structural setting. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Grant, Tim; Morgan, David] DOE NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Poe, Andrea] Booz Allen Hamilton Inc, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Valenstein, Jason] Booz Allen Hamilton Inc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Lawrence, Richard] Adv Resources Int Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Simpson, James] WorleyParsons Grp Inc, Reading, PA 19607 USA. RP Grant, T (reprint author), DOE NETL, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM tim.grant@netl.doe.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 2663 EP 2682 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.289 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211502086 ER PT S AU Stauffer, P Middleton, R Bing, B Ellett, K Rupp, J Li, XC AF Stauffer, Philip Middleton, Richard Bing, Bai Ellett, Kevin Rupp, John Li Xiaochun BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI System integration linking CO2 Sources, Sinks, and Infrastructure for the Ordos Basin, China. SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Carbon Capture; Utilization; Storage; System Analysis; Source Sink Matching ID STORAGE; SEQUESTRATION; CAPTURE; SCALE AB In this work, we present a collaborative effort between US and Chinese ACTC scientists to create the first comprehensive study of what a large and integrated commercial scale CCUS system could look like in China. We focus on the Ordos Basin, which is slightly larger than New Mexico, the fifth largest state in the US. The basin has a large number of chemical and power industries found within its perimeter, which generate 100s MT of CO2 per year, and has the potential capacity to store CO2 in a wide range of target formations including CO2 utilization. Oil fields and unminable coal seams in the area have been identified targets for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and enhanced coal bed methane recovery (ECBM) using available waste CO2 streams., As the Ordos Basin shares many key characteristics with the Illinois Basin in the US, we have leveraged experience and understanding of the sequestration potential of the Illinois Basin to enhance and accelerate the assessment of the Ordos Basin. Using the SimCCS decision model on this candidate network, we developed optimized combinations of CCS infrastructure in response to (1) a CO2 capture target amount and (2) a CO2 tax on emissions. Example results show an emissions penalty below $24/tCO2 does not stimulate any CO2 capture; that is, all industries emit their entire CO2 emissions because it is cheaper than capturing. From $24/tCO2 until $52/tCO2, approximately 50 MtCO2/yr is capture system wide from the cheapest sources (e.g., coal to liquid plants). Beyond $52/tCO2, it becomes economical to capture CO2 from coal-fired power plants. Results from this study show that candidate pipeline routes in the Ordos Basin could avoid high cost areas such as population centers and topographically complex terrain, particularly in the southern portion of the Ordos Basin toward the city of Xi'an. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stauffer, Philip; Middleton, Richard] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bing, Bai; Li Xiaochun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Ellett, Kevin; Rupp, John] Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Stauffer, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM stauffer@lanl.gov OI Middleton, Richard/0000-0002-8039-6601; Stauffer, Philip/0000-0002-6976-221X NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 2702 EP 2709 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.292 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211502089 ER PT S AU Busch, A Kampman, N Hangx, SJ Snippe, J Bickle, M Bertier, P Chapman, H Spiers, CJ Pijnenburg, R Samuelson, J Evans, JP Maskell, A Nicholl, J Pipich, V Di, Z Rother, G Schaller, M AF Busch, A. Kampman, N. Hangx, S. J. Snippe, J. Bickle, M. Bertier, P. Chapman, H. Spiers, C. J. Pijnenburg, R. Samuelson, J. Evans, J. P. Maskell, A. Nicholl, J. Pipich, V. Di, Z. Rother, G. Schaller, M. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI The Green River natural analogue as a field laboratory to study the long-term fate of CO2 in the subsurface SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Natural CO2 analogue; reaction profile; CO2-water-rock interaction; Green River ID FLUID-FLOW; STORAGE; DILATANCY; ROCK AB Understanding the long-term response of CO2 injected into porous reservoirs is one of the most important aspects to demonstrate safe and permanent storage. In order to provide quantitative constraints on the long-term impacts of CO2-charged fluids on the integrity of reservoir-caprock systems we recovered some 300m of core from a scientific drill hole through a natural CO2 reservoir, near Green River, Utah. We obtained geomechanical, mineralogical, geochemical, petrophysical and mineralogical laboratory data along the entire length of the core and from non CO2-charged control samples. Furthermore, we performed more detailed studies through portions of low permeability layers in direct contact with CO2-charged layers. This was done to constrain the nature and penetration depths of CO2-promoted fluid-mineral reaction fronts. The major reactions identified include the dissolution of diagenetic dolomite cements and hematite grain coatings, and the precipitation of ankerite and pyrite and have been used as input for geochemical 1D reactive transport modelling, to constrain the magnitude and velocity of the mineral-fluid reaction front. In addition, we compared geomechanical data from the CO2-exposed core and related unreacted control samples to assess the mechanical stability of reservoir and seal rocks in a CO2 storage complex following mineral dissolution and precipitation for thousands of years. The obtained mechanical parameters were coupled to mineralogy and porosity. Key aim of this work was to better quantify the effect of long-term chemical CO2/brine/rock interactions on the mechanical strength and elastic properties of the studied formations. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Busch, A.; Hangx, S. J.; Snippe, J.] Shell Global Solut Int, Rijswijk, Netherlands. [Kampman, N.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Kampman, N.] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. [Hangx, S. J.; Spiers, C. J.; Pijnenburg, R.; Samuelson, J.] Univ Utrecht, High Pressure & Temp Lab, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Bickle, M.; Chapman, H.; Maskell, A.; Nicholl, J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Bertier, P.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Clay & Interface Mineral, Aachen, Germany. [Evans, J. P.] Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pipich, V.; Di, Z.] Julich Ctr Neurton Sci JCNS, Garchig, Germany. [Rother, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Schaller, M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Busch, A (reprint author), Shell Global Solut Int, Rijswijk, Netherlands. EM andreas.busch@shell.com RI Rother, Gernot/B-7281-2008; Bertier, Pieter/K-3960-2016; OI Rother, Gernot/0000-0003-4921-6294; Bertier, Pieter/0000-0003-1770-412X; Busch, Andreas/0000-0002-3279-5202 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 2821 EP 2830 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.304 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211502102 ER PT S AU McGrail, BP Spane, FA Amonette, JE Thompson, CR Brown, CF AF McGrail, B. P. Spane, F. A. Amonette, J. E. Thompson, C. R. Brown, C. F. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Injection and Monitoring at the Wallula Basalt Pilot Project SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE carbon sequestration; mineralization; field pilot; demonstration ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION; CO2 SEQUESTRATION; SW ICELAND; DISSOLUTION AB Continental flood basalts represent one of the largest geologic structures on earth but have received comparatively little attention for geologic storage of CO2. Flood basalt lava flows have flow tops that are porous, permeable, and have large potential capacity for storage of CO2. In appropriate geologic settings, interbedded sediment layers and dense low-permeability basalt rock flow interior sections may act as effective seals allowing time for mineralization reactions to occur. Previous laboratory experiments showed the relatively rapid chemical reaction of CO2-saturated pore water with basalts to form stable carbonate minerals. However, recent laboratory tests with water-saturated supercritical CO2 show that mineralization reactions occur in this phase as well, providing a second and potentially more important mineralization pathway than was previously understood. Field testing of these concepts is proceeding with drilling of the world's first supercritical CO2 injection well in flood basalt being completed in May 2009 near the township of Wallula in Washington State and corresponding CO2 injection permit granted by the State of Washington in March 2011. Injection of a nominal 1000 MT of CO2 was completed in August 2013 and site monitoring is in progress. Well logging conducted immediately after injection termination confirmed the presence of CO2 predominantly within the upper flow top region, and showed no evidence of vertical CO2 migration outside the well casing. Shallow soil gas samples collected around the injection well show no evidence of leakage and fluid and gas samples collected from the injection zone show strongly elevated concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn, and Fe and C-13/O-18 isotopic shifts that are consistent with basalt-water chemical reactions. If proven viable by this field test and others that are in progress or being planned, major flood basalts in the U.S., India, and perhaps Australia would provide significant additional CO2 storage capacity and additional geologic sequestration options in regions of these countries where conventional storage options are limited. (C) 2014 Battelle Memorial Institute. Published by Elsevier Limited. C1 [McGrail, B. P.; Spane, F. A.; Amonette, J. E.; Thompson, C. R.; Brown, C. F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McGrail, BP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM pete.mcgrail@pnnl.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 2939 EP 2948 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.316 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503007 ER PT S AU Mason, HE Smith, MM Hao, Y Carroll, SA AF Mason, Harris E. Smith, Megan M. Hao, Yue Carroll, Susan A. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Calibration of NMR well logs from carbonate reservoirs with laboratory NMR measurements and mu XRCT SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE NMR; mu XRCT; well logging AB The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) well log data has the potential to provide in-situ porosity, pore size distributions, and permeability of target carbonate CO2 storage reservoirs. However, these methods which have been successfully applied to sandstones have yet to be completely validated for carbonate reservoirs. Here, we have taken an approach to validate NMR measurements of carbonate rock cores with independent measurements of permeability and pore surface area to volume (S/V) distributions using differential pressure measurements and micro X-ray computed tomography (mu XRCT) imaging methods, respectively. We observe that using standard methods for determining permeability from NMR data incorrectly predicts these values by orders of magnitude. However, we do observe promise that NMR measurements provide reasonable estimates of pore S/V distributions, and with further independent measurements of the carbonate rock properties that universally applicable relationships between NMR measured properties may be developed for in-situ well logging applications of carbonate reservoirs. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mason, Harris E.; Smith, Megan M.; Hao, Yue; Carroll, Susan A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mason, HE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mason42@llnl.gov RI Mason, Harris/F-7194-2011 OI Mason, Harris/0000-0002-1840-0550 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3089 EP 3096 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.332 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503023 ER PT S AU Smith, MM Hao, Y Mason, HE Carroll, SA AF Smith, Megan M. Hao, Yue Mason, Harris E. Carroll, Susan A. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Experiments and modeling of variably permeable carbonate reservoir samples in contact with CO2-acidified brines SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE carbon storage; carbonate reservoirs; carbonate permeability; Arbuckle ID CO2-INDUCED DISSOLUTION AB Reactive experiments were performed to expose sample cores from the Arbuckle carbonate reservoir to CO2-acidified brine under reservoir temperature and pressure conditions. The samples consisted of dolomite with varying quantities of calcite and silica/chert. The timescales of monitored pressure decline across each sample (and concurrent increases in permeability) in response to CO2 exposure, as well as the amount of and nature of dissolution features, varied widely among these three experiments. For all samples cores, the experimentally measured initial permeability was at least one order of magnitude or more lower than the values estimated from downhole methods. Nondestructive X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) imaging revealed dissolution features including "wormholes," removal of fracture-filling crystals, and widening of pre-existing pore spaces. In the injection zone sample, multiple fractures may have contributed to the high initial permeability of this core and restricted the distribution of CO2-induced mineral dissolution. In contrast, the pre-existing porosity of the baffle zone sample was much lower and less connected, leading to a lower initial permeability and contributing to the development of a single dissolution channel. While calcite may make up only a small percentage of the overall sample composition, its location and the effects of its dissolution have an outsized effect on permeability responses to CO2 exposure. The XRCT data presented here are informative for building the model domain for numerical simulations of these experiments but require calibration by higher resolution means to confidently evaluate different porosity-permeability relationships. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licensestby-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Smith, Megan M.; Hao, Yue; Mason, Harris E.; Carroll, Susan A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA 94609 USA. RP Smith, MM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA 94609 USA. EM megan@llnl.gov RI Mason, Harris/F-7194-2011 OI Mason, Harris/0000-0002-1840-0550 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3126 EP 3137 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.337 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503027 ER PT S AU Keating, E Newell, D Stewart, B Capo, R Pawar, R AF Keating, Elizabeth Newell, Dennis Stewart, Brian Capo, Rosemary Pawar, Rajesh BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Further insights into interconnections between the shallow and deep systems from a natural CO2 reservoir near Springerville, Arizona, USA SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE shallow groundwater impacts of CO2; brine migration ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION AB If carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration into deep geologic reservoirs is to be accepted by the public and environmental regulators, the possibility of upward leakage into shallow groundwater should be acknowledged and those processes well-understood. Studies of natural CO2 reservoirs and their connection (or lack thereof) with the shallow subsurface is one way to explore these issues. A natural reservoir near Springerville, Arizona, U.S.A. has leaked CO2 to the surface along a fault zone for thousands of years, creating large travertine deposits. In recent times, the CO2 leak rates have declined significantly yet the shallow aquifer is still highly enriched in dissolved CO2. In previous studies, using water level data and simulations we demonstrate that the fault zone provides hydrologic communication between the shallow aquifer and the deeper reservoir. It is reasonable to assume, therefore, that the source of the CO2 in wells completed within the fault zone is the deeper CO2 reservoir. We present water chemistry data to demonstrate the geochemical impact of this CO2 on shallow groundwater quality. Interestingly, arsenic concentrations are elevated, but other trace metals concentrations are not. Previous studies [1,2,3] showed that CO2 originating from magmatic and deep crustal origin is migrating upward along the fault and dissolving into the shallow groundwater. Saline waters are also mixing, to a much lesser degree, but their source was unknown. Here we present strontium isotope data that clearly shows the source to be water/rock interactions with reservoir rocks, which include Paleozoic carbonates, evaporites and shale units. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Keating, Elizabeth; Pawar, Rajesh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Newell, Dennis] Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Stewart, Brian; Capo, Rosemary] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Keating, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3195 EP 3201 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.344 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503033 ER PT S AU Miller, QRS Kaszuba, JP Schaef, HT Thompson, CJ Qiu, L Bowden, ME Glezakou, VA McGrail, BP AF Miller, Quin R. S. Kaszuba, John P. Schaef, H. Todd Thompson, Chris J. Qiu, Lin Bowden, Mark E. Glezakou, Vanda A. McGrail, B. Pete BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Experimental study of organic ligand transport in supercritical CO2 fluids and impacts to silicate reactivity SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE organics; supercritical; CO2 sequestration and utilization; unconventional reservoirs; forsterite; dissolution and precipitation ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; TARANAKI BASIN; ENHANCED OIL; NATURAL-GAS; ACID ANIONS; NEW-ZEALAND; STORAGE; WATER; DISSOLUTION AB The interactions between water-saturated supercritical carbon dioxide, organics, and minerals are relatively unknown despite being important to carbon sequestration and enhanced hydrocarbon recovery activities. The goals of this study include verification of organic transport through scCO(2) and exploration of whether organic ligands can impact carbonate formation. An in situ near-infrared spectroscopic technique was used to probe supercritical CO2 (scCO(2))-organic mixtures at 35 degrees C and 100 bar. Observation of C-H bands in the spectra collected from scCO(2) equilibrated with a Ca-acetate solution (1.7 m) provided direct evidence of organic partitioning into the scCO(2) phase. A series of high pressure X-ray diffraction experiments at 50 degrees C and 90 bar were performed to investigate how citrate (0.01-0.5 m) affected the coupled dissolution of forsterite and precipitation of magnesium carbonates in scCO(2). In control experiments where no citrate was present, nesquehonite (MgCO3 center dot 3H(2)O) was initially produced as a metastable intermediate that was then converted to magnesite (MgCO3). However, experiments with citrate promoted magnesite, rather than nesquehonite, precipitation, and at the highest concentrations reduced the extent of the carbonation reaction. This paper discusses these unique findings on organic and scCO(2) interactions that are not currently being considered in the fate and transport of CO2 in the subsurface. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Miller, Quin R. S.; Kaszuba, John P.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Kaszuba, John P.] Univ Wyoming, Sch Energy Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Schaef, H. Todd; Thompson, Chris J.; Bowden, Mark E.; Glezakou, Vanda A.; McGrail, B. Pete] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Qiu, Lin] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Miller, QRS (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM qmiller2@uwyo.edu NR 61 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3225 EP 3233 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.349 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503038 ER PT S AU Porter, ML Plampin, M Pawar, R Illangasekare, T AF Porter, Mark L. Plampin, Michael Pawar, Rajesh Illangasekare, Tissa BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI CO2 leakage into shallow aquifers: Modeling CO2 gas evolution and accumulation at interfaces of heterogeneity SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Carbon Sequestration; Leakage; Exsolution; Multiphase Flow; FEHM AB In this work we conducted 1-D and 2-D simulations of CO2 flow and transport aimed at improving our fundamental understanding of processes associated with potential CO2 leakage into shallow aquifers resulting from carbon sequestration operations. In the 1-D simulations we optimized capillary pressure parameters and conducted sensitivity analysis to investigate the size of CO2 gas accumulation zones as the permeability in heterogeneous layers decreased. Our results indicate that accumulation zones do not necessarily increase as permeability decreases, and differences between capillary pressures for each layer play an important role. In the 2-D simulations we investigated the role of horizontal background flow, and its magnitude, on the formation of CO2 gas in the system. We showed that the formation of CO2 gas in the 2-D tank can be predicted with a simple 1-D expression when the horizontal background flow is not dominating the flow field near the leak. In addition, we showed that the location of the heterogeneous layer relative to the leak can have profound effects on the size and shape of the CO2 gas plume. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Porter, Mark L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth Syst Observat, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Plampin, Michael; Illangasekare, Tissa] Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Expt Study Subsurface Environm Proc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Pawar, Rajesh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Porter, ML (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth Syst Observat, EES 14, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM porterma@lanl.gov RI Porter, Mark/B-4417-2011; Plampin, Michael/K-9110-2016 OI Plampin, Michael/0000-0003-4068-5801 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3253 EP 3260 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.352 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503041 ER PT S AU Qafoku, NP Lawter, AR Shao, HB Wang, GH Brown, CF AF Qafoku, Nikolla P. Lawter, Amanda R. Shao, Hongbo Wang, Guohui Brown, Christopher F. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Evaluating impacts of CO2 gas intrusion into a confined sandstone aquifer: Experimental results SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Aquifer quality; CO2 gas leakage; major, minor and trace elements release; mineral dissolution; ion exchange ID FRESH-WATER RESOURCES; GEOLOGICAL STORAGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LEAKAGE; FIELD; IDENTIFICATION; INJECTION; WELL AB Deep subsurface storage and sequestration of CO2 has been identified as a potential mitigation technique for rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Sequestered CO2 represents a potential risk to overlying aquifers if the CO2 leaks from the deep storage reservoir. Experimental and modeling work is required to evaluate potential risks to groundwater quality and develop a systematic understanding of how CO2 leakage may cause important changes in aquifer chemistry and mineralogy by promoting dissolution/precipitation, adsorption/desorption, and redox reactions. Sediments from the High Plains aquifer in Kansas, United States, were used in this investigation. This aquifer was selected to be representative of consolidated sand and gravel/sandstone aquifers overlying potential CO2 sequestration repositories within the continental US. In this paper, we present results from batch experiments conducted at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with four High Plains aquifer sediments. Batch experiments simulate sudden, fast, and short-lived releases of the CO2 gas as would occur in the case of well failure during injection. Time-dependent release of major, minor, and trace elements were determined by analyzing the contacting solutions. The strong acid extraction tests confirmed that in addition to the usual elements present in most soils and sediments, the High Plains aquifer sediments had appreciable amounts of As, Cd, Pb, Cu, and occasionally Zn, which potentially may be mobilized from the solid to the aqueous phase during or after exposure to CO2. However, the results from the batch experiments showed that these sediments mobilized only low concentrations of trace elements (potential contaminants), which were detected occasionally in the aqueous phase during these experiments. Importantly, these occurrences were more frequent in the calcite-free sediment. Results from these investigations provide useful information to support site selection, risk assessment, and public education efforts associated with geological CO2 storage and sequestration. (C) 2014 Battelle Memorial Institute. Published by Elsevier Limited. C1 [Qafoku, Nikolla P.; Lawter, Amanda R.; Shao, Hongbo; Wang, Guohui; Brown, Christopher F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Qafoku, NP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM nik.qafoku@pnnl.gov OI Qafoku, Nikolla P./0000-0002-3258-5379 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3275 EP 3284 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.355 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503044 ER PT S AU Szecsody, JE Zhong, LR Thomle, JN Vermeul, VR Strickland, C Williams, MD Liu, J McKinley, JP Bowden, M Gilmore, TJ Eisenhauer, E Colwell, R AF Szecsody, Jim E. Zhong, Lirong Thomle, Jonathan N. Vermeul, Vince R. Strickland, Chris Williams, Mark D. Liu, Juan McKinley, Jim P. Bowden, Mark Gilmore, Tyler J. Eisenhauer, Emalee Colwell, Rick BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Influence of scCO(2) Injection on Precipitation and Metals Migration, and Changes in Electrical Resistivity SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE carbon sequestration; brine/supercritical carbon dioxide/rock reactions ID CO2 STORAGE; RELATIVE PERMEABILITY; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; GERMANY; BIOMASS; KETZIN; SITE; USA AB Laboratory experiments showed that low viscosity scCO(2) displacement of the brine into Mt Simon Sandstone and Eau Clair formation cores (FutureGen 2.0 Geologic Sequestration site, Jacksonville, Illinois, USA) was slow by advection, as scCO(2) travels predominantly in larger pores, leaving significant brine in smaller pores. As the scCO(2) displaces the brine in larger pores and carbonate partitions into the brine, the resulting acidification (pH 3 to 4) causes short-term mineral dissolution, ion desorption, and iron oxide particulate movement. Major aqueous biogeochemical changes observed over 1.2 years from core/brine/scCO(2) interactions includes: a) significant increase in Mg2+, K+, and SO42- concentrations (10s to 100s of mmol/L), b) dissolution of the hematite coating on the quartz grains, c) significant precipitation of NaCl and KCl, and d) some anaerobic microbial growth. Electron microprobe analysis showed the formation of some NaCl and KCl, but precipitates were too small a volume to significantly change permeability. Anaerobic microbial growth correlated with scCO(2) (23.5x in 1300h), was also too small to influence permeability. Iron oxide particulate movement was observed as a result of scCO(2) injection (acidification), but results could not conclusively correlate with formation permeability change. The electrical resistivity change of the rock core from 100% brine to 100% scCO(2) was in the expected range (3x to 5x), with most of the change observed between 70% to 100% scCO(2). Field scale conditions simulated using these laboratory-measured electrical resistivity changes indicated insufficient resolution was likely at the field site using surface electrodes due to the depth of injection (1200 m). Overall, injection of scCO(2) into the brine-filled Mt Simon sandstone cores resulted in small geochemical and microbial changes over the short-term (<1.5 years) with some iron oxide particulate movement. (C) 2014 Battelle Memorial Institute and the Authors. Published by Elsevier Limited. C1 [Szecsody, Jim E.; Zhong, Lirong; Thomle, Jonathan N.; Vermeul, Vince R.; Strickland, Chris; Williams, Mark D.; Liu, Juan; McKinley, Jim P.; Bowden, Mark; Gilmore, Tyler J.; Eisenhauer, Emalee] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Colwell, Rick] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Szecsody, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K3-61, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM jim.szecsody@pnnl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3285 EP 3292 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.356 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503045 ER PT S AU Bonneville, A Nguyen, BN Stewart, M Hou, ZJ Murray, C Gilmore, T AF Bonneville, Alain Ba Nghiep Nguyen Stewart, Mark Hou, Z. Jason Murray, Christopher Gilmore, Tyler BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Geomechanical Evaluation of Thermal Impact of Injected CO2 Temperature on a Geological Reservoir: Application to the FutureGen 2.0 Site SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE carbon sequestration; CO2 geological storage; Mt Simon sandstone; geomechanics; thermal fracturing AB The impact of temperature variations of injected CO2 on the mechanical integrity of a reservoir is a problem rarely addressed in the design of a CO2 storage site. The geomechanical simulation of the FutureGen 2.0 storage site presented here takes into account the complete modeling of heat exchange between the environment and CO2 during its transport in the pipeline and injection well before reaching the reservoir, as well as its interaction with the reservoir host rock. An ad-hoc program was developed to model CO2 transport from the power plant to the reservoir and an approach coupling PNNL STOMP-CO2 multiphase flow simulator and ABAQUS (R) has been developed for the reservoir model which is fully three-dimensional with four horizontal wells and variable layer thickness. The Mohr-Coulomb fracture criterion has been employed, where hydraulic fracture was predicted to occur at an integration point if the fluid pressure at the point exceeded the least compressive principal stress. Evaluation of the results shows that the fracture criterion has not been verified at any node and time step for the CO2 temperature range predicted at the top of the injection zone. (C) 2014 Battelle Memorial Institute. Published by Elsevier Limited. C1 [Bonneville, Alain; Ba Nghiep Nguyen; Stewart, Mark; Hou, Z. Jason; Murray, Christopher; Gilmore, Tyler] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bonneville, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM alain.bonneville@pnnl.gov RI Hou, Zhangshuan/B-1546-2014 OI Hou, Zhangshuan/0000-0002-9388-6060 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3298 EP 3304 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.358 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503047 ER PT S AU Rutqvist, J Cappa, F Rinaldi, AP Godano, M AF Rutqvist, Jonny Cappa, Frederic Rinaldi, Antonio P. Godano, Maxime BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Dynamic modeling of injection-induced fault reactivation and ground motion and impact on surface structures and human perception SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Induced seismicity; modeling; carbon sequestration; fault reactivation; ground vibration; building damage; human perception ID INDUCED SEISMICITY; CO2 INJECTION; MAGNITUDE; STORAGE; SEQUESTRATION; INTENSITY; HAZARD AB We summarize recent modeling studies of injection-induced fault reactivation, seismicity, and its potential impact on surface structures and nuisance to the local human population. We used coupled multiphase fluid flow and geomechanical numerical modeling, dynamic wave propagation modeling, seismology theories, and empirical vibration criteria from mining and construction industries. We first simulated injection-induced fault reactivation, including dynamic fault slip, seismic source, wave propagation, and ground vibrations. From co-seismic average shear displacement and rupture area, we determined the moment magnitude to about M-w = 3 for an injection-induced fault reactivation at a depth of about 1000 m. We then analyzed the ground vibration results in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and frequency content, with comparison to the U.S. Bureau of Mines' vibration criteria for cosmetic damage to buildings, as well as human-perception vibration limits. For the considered synthetic M-w = 3 event, our analysis showed that the short duration, high frequency ground motion may not cause any significant damage to surface structures, and would not cause, in this particular case, upward CO2 leakage, but would certainly be felt by the local population. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rutqvist, Jonny; Cappa, Frederic; Rinaldi, Antonio P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cappa, Frederic; Godano, Maxime] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, GeoAzur, Cote Azur Observ, F-06560 Sophia Antipolis, France. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JRutqvist@lbl.gov RI Rinaldi, Antonio Pio/N-3284-2013; Cappa, Frederic/B-4014-2017; Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Rinaldi, Antonio Pio/0000-0001-7052-8618; Cappa, Frederic/0000-0003-4859-8024; Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3379 EP 3389 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.367 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503056 ER PT S AU Bromhal, GS Birkholzer, J Mohaghegh, SD Sahinidis, N Wainwright, H Zhang, Y Amini, S Gholami, V Zhang, Y Shahkarami, A AF Bromhal, G. S. Birkholzer, J. Mohaghegh, S. D. Sahinidis, N. Wainwright, H. Zhang, Y. Amini, S. Gholami, V. Zhang, Yan Shahkarami, A. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Evaluation of rapid performance reservoir models for quantitative risk assessment SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX AB The National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) is a research organization focused on developing methods and tools for long-term quantitative risk assessment for carbon storage. NRAP's approach is to divide the carbon storage system into components-reservoir, wells, seals, groundwater, atmosphere-and to develop reduced order models for each of these components. These rapid performance models are trained and/or validated against full physics reservoir models (e.g., TOUGH2, GEM) so that they reproduce similar results but in a fraction of the time of the reservoir model. The different component models can then be combined in an integrated assessment model that can simulate the full system in a matter of seconds or minutes rather than the days, weeks, or longer that a full physics simulation of the entire system would take. The integrated model can then be run in a Monte Carlo mode to assess the probability of failure of a carbon storage system. In NRAP, part of the focus is on long-term leakage risk, and the rapid performance reservoir models are designed to generate pressures and saturations within the reservoir, and particularly at the reservoir-seal interface, both during injection and for up to 1,000 years post injection. These pressures and saturations can then be used as inputs to wellbore or seal leakage models to predict rates and volumes of leakage of CO2 and/or in situ fluids. In the past few years, NRAP researchers have developed and applied a number of different reduced order models to saline-, gas-, and oil-bearing storage fields. These models vary significantly in several respects. They range from lookup tables or response surfaces to models such as polynomial chaos expansion to models that rely on data mining and artificial intelligence techniques. Each of these types of rapid performance models has different strengths and weaknesses, depending on the method used, the reservoir type, and the goals. In all cases, the rapid performance models required a geologic model and at least some traditional reservoir simulation runs for training or validation purposes. Also, in all techniques developed, an initial analysis is performed to reduce the number of input parameters and scenarios needed for the final simulations. The number of reservoir simulation runs needed can vary significantly based on the reduced order model used. The time and sophistication that it takes to develop a reduced order model is another major factor that varies among the different types of models. Some models are easily able to handle a significant number of varying spatial inputs, while others are limited in the number of input parameters available. Additionally, while all of the rapid performance models will run much faster than a reservoir model, there run times can vary from fractions of a second to tens of seconds or longer, depending on the situation being modeled. This paper will describe the different types of reduced order reservoir models used within NRAP. It will also provide a critical assessment of these rapid performance models, discuss under what circumstances different rapid performance models would be most effective, and evaluate their utility in the context of quantitative risk assessment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bromhal, G. S.; Mohaghegh, S. D.; Sahinidis, N.; Amini, S.; Gholami, V.; Zhang, Yan; Shahkarami, A.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Birkholzer, J.; Wainwright, H.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mohaghegh, S. D.; Amini, S.; Gholami, V.; Shahkarami, A.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Sahinidis, N.; Zhang, Yan] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Bromhal, GS (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM bromhal@netl.doe.gov RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Wainwright, Haruko/A-5670-2015 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; Wainwright, Haruko/0000-0002-2140-6072 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3425 EP 3431 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.371 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503060 ER PT S AU Cihan, A Birkholzer, J Trevisan, L Bianchi, M Zhou, Q Illangasekare, T AF Cihan, Abdullah Birkholzer, Jens Trevisan, Luca Bianchi, Marco Zhou, Quanlin Illangasekare, Tissa BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI A Connectivity-Based Modeling Approach for Representing Hysteresis in Macroscopic Two-Phase Flow Properties SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Hysteresis; upscaling; two-phase flow; geologic carbon sequestration; capillary trapping ID PORE WATER; PERMEABILITY; MEDIA AB During CO2 injection and storage in deep reservoirs, the injected CO2 enters into an initially brine saturated porous medium, and after the injection stops, natural groundwater flow eventually displaces the injected mobile-phase CO2, leaving behind residual non-wetting fluid. Accurate modeling of two-phase flow processes are needed for predicting fate and transport of injected CO2, evaluating environmental risks and designing more effective storage schemes. The entrapped non-wetting fluid saturation is typically a function of the spatially varying maximum saturation at the end of injection. At the pore-scale, distribution of void sizes and connectivity of void space play a major role for the macroscopic hysteresis behavior and capillary entrapment of wetting and non-wetting fluids. This paper presents development of an approach based on the connectivity of void space for modeling hysteretic capillary pressure-saturation-relative permeability relationships. The new approach uses void-size distribution and a measure of void space connectivity to compute the hysteretic constitutive functions and to predict entrapped fluid phase saturations. Two functions, the drainage connectivity function and the wetting connectivity function, are introduced to characterize connectivity of fluids in void space during drainage and wetting processes. These functions can be estimated through pore-scale simulations in computer-generated porous media or from traditional experimental measurements of primary drainage and main wetting curves. The hysteresis model for saturation-capillary pressure is tested successfully by comparing the model-predicted residual saturation and scanning curves with actual data sets obtained from column experiments found in the literature. A numerical two-phase model simulator with the new hysteresis functions is tested against laboratory experiments conducted in a quasi-two-dimensional flow cell (91.4cmx5.6cmx61cm), packed with homogeneous and heterogeneous sands. Initial results show that the model can predict spatial and temporal distribution of injected fluid during the experiments reasonably well. However, further analyses are needed for comprehensively testing the ability of the model to predict transient two-phase flow processes and capillary entrapment in geological reservoirs during geological carbon sequestration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cihan, Abdullah; Birkholzer, Jens; Bianchi, Marco; Zhou, Quanlin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Trevisan, Luca; Illangasekare, Tissa] Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Expt Study Subsurface Environm Proc CESEP, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Cihan, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Cihan, Abdullah/D-3704-2015; OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; Trevisan, Luca/0000-0002-7172-5020 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3456 EP 3463 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.374 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503063 ER PT S AU Freifeld, B Daley, T Cook, P Trautz, R Dodds, K AF Freifeld, Barry Daley, Tom Cook, Paul Trautz, Robert Dodds, Kevin BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI The Modular Borehole Monitoring Program: a research program to optimize well-based monitoring for geologic carbon sequestration SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE integrated monitoring; carbon sequestration; well-based monitoring; intelligent wells; instrumentation ID CO2 INJECTION; BRINE AQUIFER; GAS AB Understanding the impacts caused by injection of large volumes of CO2 in the deep subsurface necessitates a comprehensive monitoring strategy. While surface-based and other remote geophysical methods can provide information on the general morphology of a CO2 plume, verification of the geochemical conditions and validation of the remote sensing data requires measurements from boreholes that penetrate the storage formation. Unfortunately, the high cost of drilling deep wellbores and deploying instrumentation systems constrains the number of dedicated monitoring borings as well as limits the technologies that can be incorporated in a borehole completion. The objective of the Modular Borehole Monitoring (MBM) Program was to develop a robust suite of well-based tools optimized for subsurface monitoring of CO2 that could meet the needs of a comprehensive well-based monitoring program. It should have enough flexibility to be easily reconfigured for various reservoir geometries and geologies. The MBM Program sought to provide storage operators with a turn-key fully engineered design that incorporated key technologies, function over the decades long time-span necessary for post-closure reservoir monitoring, and meet industry acceptable risk profiles for deep-well installations. While still within the conceptual design phase of the MBM program, the SECARB Anthropogenic Test in Citronelle, Alabama, USA was identified as a deployment site for our engineered monitoring systems. The initial step in designing the Citronelle MBM system was to down-select from the various monitoring tools available to include technologies that we considered essential to any program. Monitoring methods selected included U-tube geochemical sampling, discrete quartz pressure and temperature gauges, an integrated fibre-optic bundle consisting of distributed temperature and heat-pulse sensing, and a sparse string of conventional 3C-geophones. While not originally planned within the initial MBM work scope, the fibre-optic cable was able to also be used for the emergent technology of distributed acoustic sensing. The MBM monitoring string was installed in March, 2012. To date, the Citronelle MBM instruments continue to operate reliably. Results and lessons learned from the Citronelle MBM deployment are addressed along with examples of data being collected. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Freifeld, Barry; Daley, Tom; Cook, Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Trautz, Robert] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 44308 USA. [Dodds, Kevin] BP Grp Technol, Sunbury On Thames TW16 7BP, England. RP Freifeld, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Freifeld, Barry/F-3173-2010; Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015; Cook, Paul/I-4788-2016 OI Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843; NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3500 EP 3515 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.379 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503068 ER PT S AU Gastelum, JA Porter, EA AF Gastelum, Jason A. Porter, Ellen A. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Optimizing Monitoring Designs under Alternative Objectives SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE monitoring design; optimization; carbon capture and sequestration; CCS AB This paper describes an approach to identify monitoring designs that optimize detection of CO2 leakage from a carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) reservoir and compares the results generated under two alternative objective functions. The first objective function minimizes the expected time to first detection of CO2 leakage, the second more conservative objective function minimizes the maximum time to leakage detection across the set of realizations. The approach applies a simulated annealing algorithm that searches the solution space by iteratively mutating the incumbent monitoring design. The approach takes into account uncertainty by evaluating the performance of potential monitoring designs across a set of simulated leakage realizations. The approach relies on a flexible two-tiered signature to infer that CO2 leakage has occurred. This research is part of the National Risk Assessment Partnership, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) project tasked with conducting risk and uncertainty analysis in the areas of reservoir performance, natural leakage pathways, wellbore integrity, groundwater protection, monitoring, and systems level modeling. (C) 2014 Battelle Memorial Institute. Published by Elsevier Limited. C1 [Gastelum, Jason A.; Porter, Ellen A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gastelum, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jason.gastelum@pnnl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3516 EP 3522 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.380 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503069 ER PT S AU Harp, DR Pawar, R Gable, CW AF Harp, Dylan R. Pawar, Rajesh Gable, Carl W. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Numerical modeling of cemented wellbore leakage from storage reservoirs with secondary capture due to thief zones SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE sequestration; leakage; wellbore AB A 3D, multi-phase, multi-component numerical model of injection into a storage reservoir with an abandoned wellbore is developed. A shallow aquifer is modeled above the storage reservoir separated by a caprock layer. An intermediate permeable layer assumed to be a thief zone is modeled. The abandoned wellbore penetrates the entire model from the surface, through shallow aquifer and thief zone to the bottom of the primary storage reservoir. The amount of CO2 captured within the thief zone and released to the shallow aquifer and atmosphere is assessed. A Latin Hypercube sample evaluates the effects of variations in CO2 injection rate, depth of the reservoir, relative depth of the thief zone, and permeability of the wellbore, thief zone, and shallow aquifer. In addition, full factorial design parameter studies evaluate the effect of differing wellbore permeabilities above and below the thief zone. Analyses of the Latin Hypercube sample and parameter studies provide indications of the necessary conditions for secondary capture in thief zones and potential for leakage to the shallow aquifer and atmosphere. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Harp, Dylan R.; Pawar, Rajesh; Gable, Carl W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Harp, DR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM dharp@lanl.gov OI Harp, Dylan/0000-0001-9777-8000; Gable, Carl/0000-0001-7063-0815 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3532 EP 3543 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.382 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503071 ER PT S AU Last, GV Murray, CJ Bott, Y Brown, CF AF Last, G. V. Murray, C. J. Bott, Y. Brown, C. F. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Threshold Values for Identification of Contamination Predicted by Reduced-Order Models SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Carbon sequestration; underground sources of drinking water; groundwater quality; threshold values; predicted impacts AB The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) Project is developing reduced-order models to evaluate potential impacts on underground sources of drinking water (USDWs) if CO2 or brine leaks from deep CO2 storage reservoirs. Threshold values, below which there would be no predicted impacts, were determined for portions of two aquifer systems. These threshold values were calculated using an interwell approach for determining background groundwater concentrations that is an adaptation of methods described in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Unified Guidance for Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities [1]. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Last, G. V.; Murray, C. J.; Bott, Y.; Brown, C. F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Last, GV (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM george.last@pnnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3589 EP 3597 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.389 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503077 ER PT S AU Miller, J Sullivan, C Larsen, G Kelley, M Rike, W Gerst, J Gupta, N Paul, D Pardini, R Modroo, A AF Miller, John Sullivan, C. Larsen, G. Kelley, M. Rike, W. Gerst, J. Gupta, N. Paul, D. Pardini, R. Modroo, A. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Alternative conceptual geologic models for CO2 injection in a Niagaran pinnacle reef oil field, Northern Michigan, USA SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Niagaran; pinnacle; reefs; static; earth; model; sequence; stratigraphy ID BASIN AB The Northern Pinnacle Reef Trend presents a regionally significant potential carbon dioxide utilization and storage resource. Two static earth models of a pinnacle reef were developed to evaluate the effect of increasing geologic detail on the reservoir model accuracy. The relatively simple lithostratigraphic model defines the geology on the basis of lithostratigraphy. An alternative conceptualization is based on sequence-stratigraphic constrained lithofacies and requires greater effort and geologic insight. The sequence-stratigraphic approach allows a closer approximation to porosity and permeability distributions observed in cored reefs and this approach will allow more realistic flow unit definition in these complex reefs. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Miller, John; Larsen, G.; Kelley, M.; Rike, W.; Gerst, J.; Gupta, N.; Paul, D.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Sullivan, C.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Pardini, R.; Modroo, A.] Core Energy LLC, Traverse City, MI 49686 USA. RP Miller, J (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM millerjf@battelle.org NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3685 EP 3701 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.398 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503086 ER PT S AU Oldenburg, CM Cihan, A Zhou, QL Fairweather, S Spangler, LH AF Oldenburg, Curtis M. Cihan, Abdullah Zhou, Quanlin Fairweather, Stacey Spangler, Lee H. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Delineating area of review in a system with pre-injection relative overpressure SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Area of Review; Class VI; overpressure; underpressure; hydrostatic pressure; USDW ID CO2 STORAGE; PRESSURES; AQUIFERS AB The Class VI permit application for geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) requires delineation of an area of review (AoR), defined as the region surrounding the (GCS) project where underground sources of drinking water (USDWs) may be endangered. The methods for estimating AoR under the Class VI regulation were developed assuming that GCS reservoirs would be in hydrostatic equilibrium with overlying aquifers. Here we develop and apply an approach to estimating AoR for sites with pre-injection relative overpressure for which standard AoR estimation methods produces an infinite AoR. The approach we take is to compare brine leakage through a hypothetical open flow path in the base-case scenario (no-injection) to the incrementally larger leakage that would occur in the CO2-injection case. To estimate AoR by this method, we used semi-analytical solutions to single-phase flow equations to model reservoir pressurization and flow up (single) leaky wells located at progressively greater distances from the injection well. We found that the incrementally larger flow rates for hypothetical leaky wells located 6 km and 4 km from the injection well are similar to 20% and 30% greater, respectively, than hypothetical baseline leakage rates. If total brine leakage is considered, the results depend strongly on how the incremental increase in total leakage is calculated, varying from a few percent to up to 40% greater (at most at early time) than base-case total leakage. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Cihan, Abdullah; Zhou, Quanlin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fairweather, Stacey; Spangler, Lee H.] Montana State Univ, Big Sky Carbon Sequestrat Partnership, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Oldenburg, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cmoldenburg@lbl.gov RI Cihan, Abdullah/D-3704-2015; OI Spangler, Lee/0000-0002-3870-6696 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3715 EP 3722 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.400 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503088 ER PT S AU Zhang, ZF White, SK Bonneville, A Gilmore, TJ AF Zhang, Z. Fred White, Signe K. Bonneville, Alain Gilmore, Tyler J. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Local Sensitivity of Predicted CO2 Injectivity and Plume Extent to Model Inputs for the FutureGen 2.0 site SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Geological sequestration; injection zone; characterization; injectivity; plume extent; area of review ID STORAGE AB Numerical simulations have been used for estimating CO2 injectivity, CO2 plume extent, pressure distribution, and Area of Review (AoR), and for the design of CO2 injection operations and monitoring network for the FutureGen project. The simulation results are affected by uncertainties associated with numerous input parameters, the conceptual model, initial and boundary conditions, and factors related to injection operations. Furthermore, the uncertainties in the simulation results also vary in space and time. The key need is to identify those uncertainties that critically impact the simulation results and quantify their impacts. We introduce an approach to determine the local sensitivity coefficient (LSC), defined as the response of the output in percent, to rank the importance of model inputs on outputs. The uncertainty of an input with higher sensitivity has larger impacts on the output. The LSC is scalable by the error of an input parameter. The composite sensitivity of an output to a subset of inputs can be calculated by summing the individual LSC values. We propose a local sensitivity coefficient method and applied it to the FutureGen 2.0 Site in Morgan County, Illinois, USA, to investigate the sensitivity of input parameters and initial conditions. The conceptual model for the site consists of 31 layers, each of which has a unique set of input parameters. The sensitivity of 11 parameters for each layer and 7 inputs as initial conditions is then investigated. For CO2 injectivity and plume size, about half of the uncertainty is due to only 4 or 5 of the 348 inputs and 3/4 of the uncertainty is due to about 15 of the inputs. The initial conditions and the properties of the injection layer and its neighbour layers contribute to most of the sensitivity. Overall, the simulation outputs are very sensitive to only a small fraction of the inputs. However, the parameters that are important for controlling CO2 injectivity are not the same as those controlling the plume size. The three most sensitive inputs for injectivity were the horizontal permeability of Mt Simon 11 (the injection layer), the initial fracture-pressure gradient, and the residual aqueous saturation of Mt Simon 11, while those for the plume area were the initial salt concentration, the initial pressure, and the initial fracture-pressure gradient. The advantages of requiring only a single set of simulation results, scalability to the proper parameter errors, and easy calculation of the composite sensitivities make this approach very cost-effective for estimating AoR uncertainty and guiding cost-effective site characterization, injection well design, and monitoring network design for CO2 storage projects. (C) 2014 Battelle Memorial Institute. Published by Elsevier Limited. C1 [Zhang, Z. Fred; White, Signe K.; Bonneville, Alain; Gilmore, Tyler J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, ZF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fred.zhang@pnnl.gov OI White, Signe/0000-0003-4797-8877; Zhang, Fred/0000-0001-8676-6426 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3805 EP 3814 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.409 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211503099 ER PT S AU Zhang, S DePaolo, DJ Zheng, LG Mayer, B AF Zhang, Shuo DePaolo, Donald J. Zheng, Liange Mayer, Bernhard BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Reactive transport modeling of stable carbon isotope fractionation in a multi-phase multi-component system during carbon sequestration SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Carbon sequestration; carbon isotope; reactive transport modeling ID ROCK SYSTEMS; CO2 STORAGE; FLUID-FLOW; DIOXIDE; SITE; CALCITE; WATER AB Carbon stable isotopes can be used in characterization and monitoring of CO2 sequestration sites to track the migration of the CO2 plume and identify leakage sources, and to evaluate the chemical reactions that take place in the CO2-water-rock system. However, there are few tools available to incorporate stable isotope information into flow and transport codes used Ler CO2 sequestration problems. We present a numerical tool for modeling the transport of stable carbon isotopes in multiphase reactive systems relevant to geologic carbon sequestration. The code is an extension of the reactive transport code TOUGHREACT. The transport module of TOUGHREACT was modified to include separate isotopic species of CO, gas and dissolved inorganic carbon (CO2, CO32-, HCO3-,...). Any process of transport or reaction influencing a given carbon species also influences its isotopic ratio. Isotopic fractionation is thus fully integrated within the dynamic system. The chemical module and database have been expanded to include isotopic exchange and fractionation between the carbon species in both gas and aqueous phases. The performance of the code is verified by modeling ideal systems and comparing with theoretical results. Efforts are also made to in field data from the Pembina CO2 injection project in Canada. We show that the exchange of carbon isotopes between dissolved and gaseous carbon species combined with fluid flow and transport, produce isotopic effects that are significantly different from simple two-component mixing. These effects are important for understanding the isotopic variations observed in field demonstrations. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creavativecommons.org/licesses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of GLIGT-12 C1 [Zhang, Shuo; DePaolo, Donald J.; Zheng, Liange] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mayer, Bernhard] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Zhang, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shuozhang@berkeley.edu OI Zhang, Shuo/0000-0002-2170-4299 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3821 EP 3832 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.411 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211504001 ER PT S AU McLing, T Smith, W Smith, R AF McLing, Travis Smith, William Smith, Robert BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Utilizing Rare Earth Elements as Tracers in High TDS Reservoir Brines in CCS Applications SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Rare Earth Elements; CCS; Geochemistry ID GROUNDWATER; BASIN; EVOLUTION; ISOTOPES; ATOMS; WATER AB In this paper we report the result of research associated with the testing of a procedures necessary for utilizing natural occurring trace elements, specifically the Rare Earth Elements (REE) as geochemical tracers in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) applications. Trace elements, particularly REE may be well suited to serve as in situ tracers for monitoring geochemical conditions and the migration of CO2-charged waters within CCS storage systems. We have been conducting studies to determine the efficacy of using REE as a tracer and characterization tool in the laboratory, at a CCS analogue site in Soda Springs, Idaho, and at a proposed CCS reservoir at the Rock Springs Uplift, Wyoming. Results from field and laboratory studies have been encouraging and show that REE may be an effective tracer in CCS systems and overlying aquifers. In recent years, a series of studies using REE as a natural groundwater tracer have been conducted successfully at various locations around the globe. Additionally, REE and other trace elements have been successfully used as in situ tracers to describe the evolution of deep sedimentary Basins. Our goal has been to establish naturally occurring REE as a useful monitoring measuring and verification (MMV) tool in CCS research because formation brine chemistry will be particularly sensitive to changes in local equilibrium caused by the addition of large volumes of CO2. Because brine within CCS target formations will have been in chemical equilibrium with the host rocks for millions of years, the addition of large volumes of CO2 will cause reactions in the formation that will drive changes to the brine chemistry due to the pH change caused by the formation of carbonic acid. This CO2 driven change in formation fluid chemistry will have a major impact on water rock reaction equilibrium in the formation, which will impart a change in the REE fingerprint of the brine that can measured and be used to monitor in situ reservoir conditions. Our research has shown that the REE signature imparted to the formation fluid by the introduction of CO2 to the formation, can be measured and tracked as part of an MMV program. Additionally, this REE fingerprint may serve as an ideal tracer for fluid migration, both within the CCS target formation, and should formation fluids migrate into overlying aquifers. However application of REE and other trace elements to CCS system is complicated by the high salt content of the brines contained within the target formations. In the United States by regulation, in order for a geologic reservoir to be considered suitable for carbon storage, it must contain formation brine with total dissolved solids (TDS) > 10,000 ppm, and in most cases formation brines have TDS well in excess of that threshold. The high salinity of these brines creates analytical problems for elemental analysis, including element interference with trace metals in Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) (i.e. element mass overlap due to oxide or plasma phenomenon). Additionally, instruments like the ICP-MS that are sensitive enough to measure trace elements down to the parts per trillion level are quickly oversaturated when water TDS exceeds much more than 1,000 ppm. Normally this problem is dealt with through dilution of the sample, bringing the water chemistry into the instruments working range. However, dilution is not an option when analyzing these formation brines for trace metals, because trace elements, specifically the REE, which occur in aqueous solutions at the parts per trillion levels. Any dilution of the sample would make REE detection impossible. Therefore, the ability to use trace metals as in situ natural tracers in high TDS brines environments requires the development of methods for pre-concentrating trace elements, while reducing the salinity and associated elemental interference such that the brines can be routinely analyzed by standard ICP-MS methods. As part of the Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Project the INL-CAES has developed a rapid, easy to use process that pre-concentrates trace metals, including REE, up to 100x while eliminating interfering ions (e.g. Ba, Cl). The process is straightforward, inexpensive, and requires little infrastructure, using only a single chromatography column with inexpensive, reusable, commercially available resins and wash chemicals. The procedure has been tested with synthetic brines (215,000 ppm or less TDS) and field water samples (up to 5,000 ppm TDS). Testing has produced data of high quality with REE capture efficiency exceeding 95%, while reducing interfering elements by > 99%. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creavativecommons.org/licesses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of GLIGT-12 C1 [McLing, Travis] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [McLing, Travis; Smith, William; Smith, Robert] Ctr Adv Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Smith, William; Smith, Robert] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP McLing, T (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM travis.mcling@inl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3963 EP 3974 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.426 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211504016 ER PT S AU Moriarty, D Dobeck, L Benson, S AF Moriarty, Dylan Dobeck, Laura Benson, Sally BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Rapid surface detection of CO2 leaks from geologic sequestration sites SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE carbon sequestration; monitoring; Picarro; concentration; surface detection AB This study focuses on developing a method to characterize and detect leakage of carbon dioxide from a geologic sequestration site using a Picarro gas analyser, and to systematically evaluate the robustness of detection ability and optimize the data acquisition parameters by testing under varying conditions at the Zero Emissions Research and Technology field site in Bozeman, MT. It was determined (1) both (CO2)-C-12 or (CO2)-C-13 measurements provide equally good leak detection ability, (2) wind speed and direction does not limit detection ability with a sampling height less than 30 cm, and (3) delta C-13 measurements did not provide a reliable method for leak detection with our data acquisition strategy. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of GHGT-12 C1 [Moriarty, Dylan] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Dobeck, Laura] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Benson, Sally] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Moriarty, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM dmmoria@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 3975 EP 3983 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.427 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211504017 ER PT S AU Vermeul, VR Strickland, CE Thorne, PD Bjornstad, BN Mackley, RD Kelly, ME Sullivan, C Williams, MD Amonette, JE Downs, JL Fritz, BG Szecsody, JE Bonneville, A Gilmore, TJ AF Vermeul, Vince R. Strickland, Chris E. Thorne, Paul D. Bjornstad, Bruce N. Mackley, Rob D. Kelly, Mark E. Sullivan, Charlotte Williams, Mark D. Amonette, James E. Downs, Janelle L. Fritz, Brad G. Szecsody, Jim E. Bonneville, Alain Gilmore, Tyler J. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Future Gen 2.0 Monitoring Program: An Overview of the Monitoring Approach and Technologies Selected for Implementation SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE carbon sequestration; carbon capture and storage; monitoring; MVA; leak detection AB The FutureGen 2.0 Prolect will design and build a first-of-its-kind, near-zero emissions coal-fueled power plant with carbon capture and storage (CCS). To assess storage site performance and meet the regulatory requirements of the Class VI Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program for CO, Geologic Sequestration, the FutureGen 2.0 project will implement a suite of monitoring technologies designed to 1) evaluate CO2 mass balance and 2) detect any unforeseen loss in CO, containment. The monitoring program will include direct monitoring of the injection stream and reservoir, and early-leak-detection monitoring directly above the primary confining zone. It will also implement an adaptive monitoring strategy whereby monitoring results are continually evaluated and the monitoring network is modified as required, including the option to drill additional wells in out-years. Wells will be monitored for changes in CO2 concentration and formation pressure, and other geochemical/isotopic signatures that provide indication of CO2 or brine leakage. Indirect geophysical monitoring technologies that were selected for implementation include passive seismic, integrated surface deformation, time-lapse gravity, and pulsed neutron capture logging. Near-surface monitoring approaches that have been initiated include surficial aquifer and surfacewater monitoring; soil-gas monitoring; atmospheric monitoring; and hyperspectral data acquisition for assessment of vegetation conditions. Initially, only the collection of baseline data sets is planned; the need for additional nearsurface monitoring will be continually evaluated throughout the design and operational phases of the project, and selected approaches may be reinstituted if conditions warrant. Given the current conceptual understanding of the subsurface environment, early and appreciable impacts to near-surface environments are not expected. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creavativecommons.org/licesses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of GLIGT-12 C1 [Vermeul, Vince R.; Strickland, Chris E.; Thorne, Paul D.; Bjornstad, Bruce N.; Mackley, Rob D.; Sullivan, Charlotte; Williams, Mark D.; Amonette, James E.; Downs, Janelle L.; Fritz, Brad G.; Szecsody, Jim E.; Bonneville, Alain; Gilmore, Tyler J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kelly, Mark E.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Vermeul, VR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM vince.vermeul@pnnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4062 EP 4070 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.438 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211504028 ER PT S AU Williams, MD Vermuel, VR Oostrom, M Porse, SL Thorne, PD Szecsody, JE Horner, JA Gilmore, TJ AF Williams, Mark D. Vermuel, Vince R. Oostrom, Mart Porse, Sean L. Thorne, Paul D. Szecsody, Jim E. Horner, Jake A. Gilmore, Tyler J. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Design Support of an Above Cap-rock Early Detection Monitoring System using Simulated Leakage Scenarios at the FutureGen2.0 Site SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE carbon sequestration; carbon capture and storage; modeling; monitoring; MVA; leak detection AB The FutureGen 2.0 Project will design and build a first-of-its-kind, near-zero emissions coal-fueled power plant with carbon capture and storage (CCS). To assess storage site performance and meet the regulatory requirements of the Class VI Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program for CO2 Geologic Sequestration, the FutureGen 2.0 project will implement a suite of monitoring technologies designed to evaluate CO2 mass balance and detect any unforeseen loss in CO2 containment. The monitoring program will include direct monitoring of the reservoir, and early-leak-detection monitoring directly above the primary confining zone. This preliminary modeling study described here focuses on hypothetical leakage scenarios into the first permeable unit above the primary confining zone (Ironton Sandstone) and is used to support assessment of early-leak detection capabilities. Future updates of the model will be used to assess potential impacts on the lowermost underground source of drinking water (Saint Peter Sandstone) for a range of theoretical leakage scenarios. This preliminary modeling evaluation considers both pressure response and geochemical signals in the overlying Ironton Sandstone. This model is independent of the FutureGen 2.0 reservoir model in that it does not simulate caprock discontinuities, faults, or failure scenarios. Instead this modeling effort is based on theoretical, volumetric-rate based leakage scenarios. The scenarios include leakage of 1% of the total injected CO2 mass, but spread out over different time periods (20, 100, and 500 years) with each case yielding a different mass flux (i.e., smaller mass fluxes for longer duration leakage cases]. A brine leakage scenario using a volumetric leakage similar to the 20 year 1% CO2 case was also considered. A framework for the comparison of the various cases was developed based on the exceedance of selected pressure and geochemical thresholds at different distances from the point of leakage and at different vertical positions within the Ironton Sandstone. These preliminary results, and results from an updated models that incorporate additional site-specific characterization data, support development/refinement of the monitoring system design. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of GHGT-12 C1 [Williams, Mark D.; Vermuel, Vince R.; Oostrom, Mart; Porse, Sean L.; Thorne, Paul D.; Szecsody, Jim E.; Horner, Jake A.; Gilmore, Tyler J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Williams, MD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mark.d.williams@pnnl.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4071 EP 4082 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.439 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211504029 ER PT S AU Amonette, JE Johnson, TA Spencer, CF Zhong, LR Szecsody, JE Vermeul, VR AF Amonette, James E. Johnson, Timothy A. Spencer, Clayton F. Zhong, Lirong Szecsody, James E. Vermeul, Vince R. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Geochemical Monitoring Considerations for the FutureGen 2.0 Project SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE geochemical monitoring; geologic sequestration; co-injected tracer; metabolic mass-balance; FutureGen 2.0; aqueous monitoring; soil-gas monitoring; intrinsic geochemical signal; carbon dioxide; CO2; perfluorinated carbon tracer; noble gas; C-14 ID INTRACAVITY OPTOGALVANIC SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PERFLUOROCARBON TRACERS; CO2 LEAKAGE; NEW-MEXICO; PILOT TEST; SEQUESTRATION; STORAGE; SURFACE; USA AB Geochemical monitoring is an essential component of a suite of monitoring technologies designed to evaluate CO2 mass balance and detect possible loss of containment at the FutureGen 2.0 geologic sequestration site near Jacksonville, IL. This presentation gives an overview of the potential geochemical approaches and tracer technologies that were considered, and describes the evaluation process by which the most cost-effective and robust of these were selected for implementation. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of GHGT-12 C1 [Amonette, James E.; Zhong, Lirong; Szecsody, James E.; Vermeul, Vince R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Johnson, Timothy A.; Spencer, Clayton F.] Illinois Coll, Jacksonville, IL USA. RP Amonette, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jim.amonette@pnnl.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4095 EP 4111 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.441 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211504031 ER PT S AU Keating, E Dai, ZX Dempsey, D Pawar, R AF Keating, Elizabeth Dai, Zhenxue Dempsey, David Pawar, Rajesh BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Effective detection of CO2 leakage: a comparison of groundwater sampling and pressure monitoring SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX ID AQUIFERS; RESERVOIRS; STORAGE; BRINE AB Shallow aquifer monitoring is likely to be a required aspect to any geologic CO2 sequestration operation. Collecting groundwater samples and analyzing for geochemical parameters such as pH, alkalinity, total dissolved carbon, and trace metals has been suggested by a number of authors as a possible strategy to detect CO2 leakage. The effectiveness of this approach, however, will depend on the hydrodynamics of the leak-induced CO2 plume and the spatial distribution of the monitoring wells relative to the origin of the leak. To our knowledge, the expected effectiveness of groundwater sampling to detect CO2 leakage has not yet been quantitatively assessed. In this study we query hundreds of simulations developed for the National Risk Assessment Project (US DOE) to estimate risks to drinking water resources associated with CO(2)leaks. The ensemble of simulations represent transient, 3-D multi-phase reactive transport of CO2 and brine leaked from a sequestration reservoir, via a leaky wellbore, into an unconfined aquifer. Key characteristics of the aquifer, including thickness, mean permeability, background hydraulic gradient, and geostatistical measures of aquifer heterogeneity, were all considered uncertain parameters. Complex temporally-varying CO2 and brine leak rate scenarios were simulated using a heuristic scheme with ten uncertain parameters. The simulations collectively predict the spatial and temporal evolution of CO2 and brine plumes over 200 years in a shallow aquifer under a wide range of leakage scenarios and aquifer characteristics. Using spatial data from an existing network of shallow drinking water wells in the Edwards Aquifer, TX, as one illustrative example, we calculated the likelihood of leakage detection by groundwater sampling. In this monitoring example, there are 128 wells available for sampling, with a density of about 2.6 wells per square kilometer. If the location of the leak is unknown a priori, a reasonable assumption in many cases, we found that the leak would be detected in at least one of the monitoring wells in less than 10% of the scenarios considered. This is because plume sizes are relatively small, and so the probability of detection decreases rapidly with distance from the leakage point. For example, 400m away from the leakage point there is less than 20% chance of detection. We then compared the effectiveness of groundwater quality sampling to shallow aquifer and/or reservoir pressure monitoring. For the Edwards Aquifer example, pressure monitoring in the same monitoring well network was found to be even less effective that groundwater quality monitoring. This is presumably due to the unconfined conditions and relatively high permeability, so pressure perturbations quickly dissipate. Although specific results may differ from site to site, this type of analysis should be useful to site operators and regulators when selecting leak detection strategies. Given the spatial characteristics of a proposed monitoring well network, probabilities of leakage detection can be rapidly calculated using this methodology. Although conditions such as these may not be favorable for leakage detection in shallow aquifers, leakage detection could be much more successful in the injection reservoir. We demonstrate proof-of-concept for this hypothesis, presenting a simulation where there is measurable pressure change at the injection well due to overpressurization, fault rupture, and consequent leakage up the fault into intermediate and shallow aquifers. The size of the detectible pressure change footprint is much larger in the reservoir than in either of the overlying aquifers. Further exploration of the range of conditions for which this technique would be successful is the topic of current study. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creavativecommons.org/licesses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of GLIGT-12 C1 [Keating, Elizabeth; Dai, Zhenxue; Dempsey, David; Pawar, Rajesh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pawar, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ekeating@lanl.gov RI Dempsey, David/B-9115-2015; OI Dempsey, David/0000-0003-2135-5129; Dai, Zhenxue/0000-0002-0805-7621 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4163 EP 4171 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.448 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211504038 ER PT S AU Daley, TM Hendrickson, J Queen, JH AF Daley, Thomas M. Hendrickson, Joel Queen, John H. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Monitoring CO2 Storage at Cranfield, Mississippi with Time-Lapse Offset VSP - Using Integration and Modeling to Reduce Uncertainty SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE VSP; Monitoring; CO2 AB A time-lapse Offset Vertical Seismic Profile (OVSP) data set was acquired as part of a subsurface monitoring program for geologic sequestration of CO2. The storage site at Cranfield, near Natchez, Mississippi, is part of a detailed area study (DAS) site for geologic carbon sequestration operated by the U.S. Dept. of Energy's Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB). The DAS site includes three boreholes, an injection well and two monitoring wells. The project team selected the DAS site to examine CO2 sequestration multiphase fluid flow and pressure at the interwell scale in a brine reservoir. The time-lapse (TL) OVSP was part of an integrated monitoring program that included well logs, crosswell seismic, electrical resistance tomography and 4D surface seismic. The goals of the OVSP were to detect the CO2 induced change in seismic response, give information about the spatial distribution of CO2 near the injection well and to help tie the high-resolution borehole monitoring to the 4D surface data. The VSP data were acquired in well CFU 31-F1, which is the similar to 3200 m deep CO2 injection well at the DAS site. A preinjection survey was recorded in late 2009 with injection beginning in December 2009, and a post injection survey was conducted in Nov 2010 following injection of about 250 kT of CO2. The sensor array for both surveys was a 50-level, 3-component, Sercel Maxi Wave system with 15 m (49 ft) spacing between levels. The source for both surveys was an accelerated weight drop, with different source trucks used for the two surveys. Consistent time-lapse processing was applied to both data sets. Time-lapse processing generated difference corridor stacks to investigate CO2 induced reflection amplitude changes from each source point. Corridor stacks were used for amplitude analysis to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) for each shot point. Spatial variation in reflectivity (used to 'map' the plume) was similar in magnitude to the corridor stacks but, due to relatively lower S/N, the results were less consistent and more sensitive to processing and therefore are not presented. We examined the overall time-lapse repeatability of the OVSP data using three methods, the NRMS and Predictability (Pred) measures of Kragh and Christie (2002) and the signal-to-distortion ratio (SDR) method of Cantillo (2011). Because time-lapse noise was comparable to the observed change, multiple methods were used to analyze data reliability. The reflections from the top and base reservoir were identified on the corridor stacks by correlation with a synthetic response generated from the well logs. A consistent change in the corridor stack amplitudes from pre- to post-CO2 injection was found for both the top and base reservoir reflections on all ten shot locations analyzed. In addition to the well-log synthetic response, a finite-difference elastic wave propagation model was built based on rock/fluid properties obtained from well logs, with CO2 induced changes guided by time-lapse crosswell seismic tomography (Ajo-Franklin, et al., 2013) acquired at the DAS site. Time-lapse seismic tomography indicated that two reservoir zones were affected by the flood. The modeling established that interpretation of the VSP trough and peak event amplitudes as reflectivity from the top and bottom of reservoir is appropriate even with possible tuning effects. Importantly, this top/base change gives confidence in an interpretation that these changes arise from within the reservoir, not from bounding lithology. The modeled time-lapse change and the observed field data change from 10 shotpoints are in agreement for both magnitude and polarity of amplitude change for top and base of reservoir. Therefore, we conclude the stored CO2 has been successfully detected and, furthermore, the observed seismic reflection change can be applied to Cranfield's 4D surface seismic for spatially delineating the CO2/brine interface. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Daley, Thomas M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hendrickson, Joel] Steelhead Geophys LLC, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Daley, TM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tmdaley@lbl.govD RI Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015 OI Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4240 EP 4248 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.459 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211504047 ER PT S AU Matzel, E White, J Templeton, D Pyle, M Morency, C Trainor-Guitton, W AF Matzel, Eric White, Joshua Templeton, Dennise Pyle, Moira Morency, Christina Trainor-Guitton, Whitney BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Microseismic techniques for avoiding induced seismicity during fluid injection SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE induced seismicity; fluid injection; seismic interferometry; source location; hydromechanical inversion ID SITU PERMEABILITY TENSOR; ROCKS; INTERFEROMETRY; CALIFORNIA AB Induced seismicity is inherently associated with underground fluid injections, including during geologic carbon sequestration. If fluids are injected in proximity to a pre-existing fault or fracture system, the resulting elevated pressures can trigger dynamic earthquake slip, which could both damage surface structures and create new migration pathways. The goal of this research is to develop a fundamentally better approach to geological site characterization and early hazard detection. We combine innovative techniques for analyzing microseismic data with a physics-based inversion model to forecast microseismic cloud evolution. The key challenge is that faults at risk of slipping are often too small to detect during the site characterization phase. Our objective is to devise fast-running methodologies that will allow field operators to respond quickly to changing subsurface conditions. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Matzel, Eric; White, Joshua; Templeton, Dennise; Pyle, Moira; Morency, Christina; Trainor-Guitton, Whitney] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Matzel, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM matzel1@llnl.gov RI Pyle, Moira/L-3642-2016 OI Pyle, Moira/0000-0003-1081-0966 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4297 EP 4304 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.465 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211504053 ER PT S AU Strickland, CE Vermeul, VR Bonneville, A Sullivan, EC Johnson, TC Spane, FA Gilmore, TJ AF Strickland, Chris E. Vermeul, Vince R. Bonneville, Alain Sullivan, E. Charlotte Johnson, Tim C. Spane, Frank A. Gilmore, Tyler J. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Geophysical Monitoring Methods Evaluation for the Future Gen 2.0 project SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE carbon sequestration; carbon capture and storage; monitoring; geophysics ID INVERSION AB A comprehensive monitoring program will be needed in order to assess the effectiveness of carbon sequestration at the FumreGen 2.0 carbon capture and storage (CCS) field-site, Geophysical monitoring methods are sensitive to subsurface changes that result from injection of CO2 and will be used for: (1) tracking the spatial extent of the free phase CO2 plume, (2) monitoring advancement of the pressure front, (3) identifying or mapping areas where induced seismicity occurs, and (4) identifying and mapping regions of increased risk for brine or CO2 leakage from the reservoir. Site-specific suitability and cost effectiveness were evaluated for a number of geophysical monitoring methods including: passive seismic monitoring, reflection seismic imaging, integrated surface deformation, time-lapse gravity, pulsed neutron capture logging, cross-borehole seismic, electrical resistivity tomography, magnetotellurics and controlled source electromagnetics. The results of this evaluation indicate that CO2 on monitoring using reflection seismic methods would likely be difficult at the Future Gen 2.0 site. Electrical methods also exhibited low: sensitivity to the expected CO, saturation changes and would be affected by metallic infrastructure at the field site. Passive seismic, integrated surface deformation, time-lapse gravity, and pulsed neutron capture monitoring were selected for implementation as part of the EutureGen 2.0 storage site monitoring program. (C) 2014 Battelle Memorial Institute. Published by Elsevier Limited. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Strickland, Chris E.; Vermeul, Vince R.; Bonneville, Alain; Sullivan, E. Charlotte; Johnson, Tim C.; Spane, Frank A.; Gilmore, Tyler J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Strickland, CE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM christopher.strickland@pnnl.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4394 EP 4403 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.474 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211504062 ER PT S AU White, DJ Roach, LAN Roberts, B Daley, TM AF White, D. J. Roach, L. A. N. Roberts, B. Daley, T. M. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Initial Results from Seismic Monitoring at the Aquistore CO2 Storage Site, Saskatchewan, Canada SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE monitoring; carbon; storage; CO2; geophysics AB The Aquistore Project, located near Estevan, Saskatchewan, is one of the first integrated commercial-scale CO2 storage projects in the world that is designed to demonstrate CO2 storage in a deep saline aquifer. Starting in 2014, CO2 captured from the nearby Boundary Dam coal-fired power plant will be transported via pipeline to the storage site and to nearby oil fields for enhanced oil recovery. At the Aquistore site, the CO2 will be injected into a brine-filled sandstone formation at 3200 m depth using the deepest well in Saskatchewan. The suitability of the geological formations that will host the injected CO2 has been predetermined through 3D characterization using high-resolution 3D seismic images and deep well information. These data show that 1) there are no significant faults in the immediate area of the storage site, 2) the regional sealing formation is continuous in the area, and 3) the reservoir is not adversely affected by knolls on the surface of the underlying Precambrian basement. Furthermore, the Aquistore site is located within an intracratonic region characterized by extremely low levels of seismicity. This is in spite of oil-field related water injection in the nearby Weyburn-Midale field where a total of 656 million m(3) of water have been injected since the 1960's with no demonstrable related induced seismicity. A key element of the Aquistore research program is the further development of methods to monitor the security and subsurface distribution of the injected CO2. Toward this end, a permanent areal seismic monitoring array was deployed in 2012, comprising 630 vertical-component geophones installed at 20 m depth on a 2.5x2.5 km regular grid. This permanent array is designed to provide improved 3D time-lapse seismic imaging for monitoring subsurface CO2. Prior to the onset of CO2 injection, calibration 3D surveys were acquired in May and November of 2013. Comparison of the data from these surveys relative to the baseline 3D survey data from 2012 shows excellent repeatability (NRMS less than 10%) which will provide enhanced monitoring sensitivity to smaller amounts of CO2. The permanent array also provides continuous passive monitoring for injection-related microseismicity. Passive monitoring has been ongoing since the summer of 2012 in order to establish levels of background seismicity before CO2 injection starts in 2014. Microseismic monitoring was augmented in 2013 by the installation of 3 broadband seismograph stations surrounding the Aquistore site. These surface installations should provide a detection capability of seismic events with magnitudes as low as similar to 0. Downhole seismic methods are also being utilized for CO2 monitoring at the Aquistore site. Baseline crosswell tomographic images depict details (meters-scale) of the reservoir in the 150-m interval between the observation and injection wells. This level of resolution is designed to track the CO2 migration between the wells during the initial injection period. A baseline 3D vertical seismic profile (VSP) was acquired in the fall of 2013 to provide seismic images with resolution on a scale between that provided by the surface seismic array and the downhole tomography. The 3D VSP was recorded simultaneously using both a conventional array of downhole geophones (60-levels) and an optical fibre system. The latter utilized an optical fiber cable deployed on the outside of the monitor well casing and cemented in place. A direct comparison of these two methodologies will determine the suitability of using the fiber cable for ongoing time-lapse VSP monitoring. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [White, D. J.; Roach, L. A. N.; Roberts, B.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E9, Canada. [Daley, T. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP White, DJ (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, 615 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E9, Canada. EM don.white@nrcan.gc.ca RI Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015 OI Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4418 EP 4423 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.477 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211504065 ER PT S AU Bacon, DH Dai, ZX Zheng, LE AF Bacon, Diana H. Dai, Zhenxue Zheng, Liange BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Geochemical impacts of carbon dioxide, brine, trace metal and organic leakage into an unconfined, oxidizing limestone aquifer SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE geochemistry; limestone; trace metals; calcite adsorption; STOMP; reactive transport ID POTENTIAL IMPACTS; CO2 SEQUESTRATION; GROUNDWATER AB An important risk at CO2 storage sites is the potential for groundwater quality impacts. As part of a system to assess the potential for these impacts a geochemical scaling function has been developed, based on a detailed reactive transport model of CO2 and brine leakage into an unconfined, oxidizing carbonate aquifer. Stochastic simulations varying a number of geochemical parameters were used to generate a response surface predicting the volume of aquifer that would be impacted with respect to regulated contaminants. The brine was assumed to contain several trace metals and organic contaminants. Aquifer pH and TDS were influenced by CO2 leakage, while trace metal concentrations were most influenced by the brine concentrations rather than adsorption or desorption on calcite. Organic plume sizes were found to be strongly influenced by biodegradation. (C) 2014 The Employers. Published by Elsevier Limited. C1 [Bacon, Diana H.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Dai, Zhenxue] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Zheng, Liange] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bacon, DH (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM diana.bacon@pnnl.gov OI Bacon, Diana/0000-0001-9122-5333; Dai, Zhenxue/0000-0002-0805-7621 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4684 EP 4707 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.502 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211504089 ER PT S AU Davidson, CL Watson, DJ Dooley, JJ Dahowski, RT AF Davidson, Casie L. Watson, David J. Dooley, James J. Dahowski, Robert T. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Benefits and costs of brine extraction for increasing injection efficiency in geologic CO2 sequestration SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE CCS; carbon sequestration; pressure mitigation; brine extraction; cost optimization ID PRESSURE; STORAGE; IMPACT; AQUIFERS AB Pressure increases attendant with CO2 injection into the subsurface drive many of the risk factors associated with commercial-scale CCS projects, impacting project costs and liabilities in a number of ways. The area of elevated pressure defines the area that must be characterized and monitored; pressure drives fluid flow out of the storage reservoir along higher-permeability pathways that might exist through the caprock into overlying aquifers or hydrocarbon reservoirs; and pressure drives geomechanical changes that could potentially impact subsurface infrastructure or the integrity of the storage system itself. Pressure also limits injectivity, which can increase capital costs associated with installing additional wells to meet a given target injection rate. The ability to mitigate pressure increases in storage reservoirs could have significant value to a CCS project, but these benefits are offset by the costs of the pressure mitigation technique itself. Of particular interest for CO2 storage operators is the lifetime cost of implementing brine extraction at a CCS project site, and the relative value of benefits derived from the extraction process. This is expected to vary from site to site and from one implementation scenario to the next. Indeed, quantifying benefits against costs could allow operators to optimize their return on project investment by calculating the most effective scenario for pressure mitigation. This work builds on research recently submitted for publication by the authors examining the costs and benefits of brine extraction across operational scenarios to evaluate the effects of fluid extraction on injection rate to assess the cost effectiveness of several options for reducing the number of injection wells required. Modeling suggests that extracting at 90% of the volumetric equivalent of injection rate resulted in a 1.8% improvement in rate over a non-extraction base case; a four-fold increase in extraction rate results in a 7.6% increase in injection rate over the no-extraction base case. However, the practical impacts on capital costs suggest that this strategy is fiscally ineffective when evaluated solely on this metric, with extraction reducing injection well needs by only one per 56 (1x case) or one per 13 (4x case). (C) 2014 Battelle Memorial Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Davidson, Casie L.; Watson, David J.; Dahowski, Robert T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Dooley, James J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. RP Davidson, CL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM casie.davidson@pnnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4745 EP 4749 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.504 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211504091 ER PT S AU Mansoor, K Carroll, SA Sun, YW AF Mansoor, Kayyum Carroll, Susan A. Sun, Yunwei BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI The role of wellbore remediation on the evolution of groundwater quality from CO2 and brine leakage SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Uncertainty quantification; CO2 storage; risk assessment; reactive transport; groundwater; wellbore mitigation; plume recovery ID STORAGE AB Long-term storage of CO2 in underground reservoirs requires a careful assessment to evaluate risk to groundwater sources. The focus of this study is to assess timef.rames required to restore water quality to pre-injection levels based on output from complex reactive transport simulations that exhibit plume retraction within a 200-year simulation period. We examined the relationship between plume volume, cumulative injected CO2 mass, and permeability. The role of mitigation was assessed by projecting falloffs in plume volumes from their maximum peak levels with a Gaussian function to estimate plume recovery times to reach post-injection groundwater compositions. The results show a strong correlation between cumulative injected CO2 mass and maximum plume pH volumes and a positive correlation between CO2 flux, cumulative injected CO2, and plume recovery times, with secondary dependence on permeability. Our analysis suggests that natural recharge has the potential to remediate changes to groundwater chemistry, but it may take several decades. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mansoor, Kayyum; Carroll, Susan A.; Sun, Yunwei] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mansoor, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mansoor1@llnl.gov RI Sun, Yunwei/C-9751-2010 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4799 EP 4806 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.510 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211504097 ER PT S AU Nicot, JP Meckel, TA Carr, DA Oldenburg, CM AF Nicot, Jean-Philippe Meckel, Timothy A. Carr, David A. Oldenburg, Curtis M. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Impact of Induced Seismic Events on Seal Integrity, Texas Gulf Coast SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE induced seismicity; earthquakes; fluid injection; fault displacement; seal offset; CO2 leakage ID EARTHQUAKE; DISPLACEMENT; FAULTS; MAGNITUDE; HISTORY; LENGTH; AREA AB Recent publications have suggested that large-scale CO2 injection could trigger earthquakes and that even small- to moderate-sized earthquakes may threaten the seal integrity of the injection zone, and potentially damage buildings and other surface structures. In this study, we compared seal thickness to estimated fault displacement due to a single hypothetical seismic event in a selected area of the Texas Gulf Coast comprising an offshore strip of state waters along two Texas counties. To evaluate the slip generated by a single seismic event, we compiled well log information on shale/sand sequences and seismic information on fault geometric characteristics of a section of Lower Miocene age. The section is thousands of feet thick and is overlain and underlain by marine shales (Amph. B and Anahuac, respectively) that are relatively easy to correlate between wells. The Amph. B. shale is the secondary and ultimate seal for all injection intervals in the Lower Miocene. Given its thickness, no realistic seismic event or small series of seismic events will offset it significantly. However, this may not be true of smaller local primary seals. An analysis of geophysical logs of a total of 71 wells yielded a total of 2,871 sand /shale binary intervals. An analysis of the dedicated 3D seismic survey counted 723 fault traces at five roughly horizontal horizons within the Lower Miocene Fault displacement estimated using the product of the fault length times an uncertain multiplier coefficient assumed to follow a triangular distribution with a 10(-3) to 10(-5) range and a mode of 8 x 10(-5). We then compared estimated single-event fault displacements to seal thicknesses by means of a Monte-Carlo analysis. Only 1.8% of thickness/displacement pairs display a displacement greater than 20% of the seal thickness. Only 0.26% of the pairs result in a displacement of half the seal thickness and only 0.05% of thickness/displacement pairs result in a clear seal rupture. The next step was to compare the magnitude of the event generated by such a displacement to documented magnitudes of "large" earthquakes generated by waterflooding and fluid disposal. Based on this analysis, we conclude that seismicity that may arise from CO2 injection appears not to be a serious complication for CO2 storage integrity, at least in the Gulf Coast area. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nicot, Jean-Philippe; Meckel, Timothy A.; Carr, David A.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Oldenburg, Curtis M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nicot, JP (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78713 USA. EM jp.nicot@beg.utexas.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4807 EP 4815 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.511 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211504098 ER PT S AU Pawar, R Bromhal, G Carroll, S Chu, SP Dilmore, R Gastelum, J Oldenburg, C Stauffer, P Zhang, YQ Guthrie, G AF Pawar, Rajesh Bromhal, Grant Carroll, Susan Chu, Shaoping Dilmore, Robert Gastelum, Jason Oldenburg, Curt Stauffer, Philip Zhang, Yingqi Guthrie, George BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Quantification of Key Long-term Risks at CO2 Sequestration Sites: Latest Results from US DOE's National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) Project SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Risk Quantification; NRAP; Uncertainty Quantification; Integrated Assessment Model AB Risk assessment for geologic CO2 storage including quantification of risks is an area of active investigation. The National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) is a US-Department of Energy (US-DOE) effort focused on developing a defensible, science-based methodology and platform for quantifying risk profiles at geologic CO2 sequestration sites. NRAP has been developing a methodology that centers round development of an integrated assessment model (IAM) using system modeling approach to quantify risks and risk profiles. The IAM has been used to calculate risk profiles with a few key potential impacts due to potential CO2 and brine leakage. The simulation results are also used to determine long-term storage security relationships and compare the long-term storage effectiveness to IPCC storage permanence goal. Additionally, we also demonstrate application of IAM for uncertainty quantification in order to determine parameters to which the uncertainty in model results is most sensitive. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pawar, Rajesh; Chu, Shaoping; Stauffer, Philip] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bromhal, Grant; Dilmore, Robert; Guthrie, George] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Carroll, Susan; Gastelum, Jason] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Oldenburg, Curt; Zhang, Yingqi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pawar, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rajesh@lanl.gov OI Stauffer, Philip/0000-0002-6976-221X NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4816 EP 4823 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.512 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505001 ER PT S AU Plampin, MR Porter, M Pawar, R Illangasekare, TH AF Plampin, Michael R. Porter, Mark Pawar, Rajesh Illangasekare, Tissa H. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Multi-scale experimentation and numerical modeling for process understanding of CO2 attenuation in the shallow subsurface SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE CO2 leakage; CO2 evolution; attenuation; dissolution; gas migration; FEHM ID POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; AIR BUBBLE; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION AB The goal of this study is to quantify the effects of geologic heterogeneity on the dynamic process of CO2 attenuation in shallow aquifers through the use of multi-scale laboratory experimentation and numerical modelling. First, an experiment was conducted in an intermediate scale two-dimensional cell that was packed with water-saturated porous media in a simple heterogeneous configuration. Constant-head boundary conditions were applied to the system, and then CO2-saturated water was injected through it. As the CO2-saturated water migrated through the system, gas phase CO2 evolved within the porous media, as observed by dielectric saturation sensors. The outflow of CO2 gas from the top of the system was monitored by a gas flow meter, and the outflow of water from the side of the tank was monitored via collection into a container that was placed on a computer-interfaced scale. After the multiphase CO2 evolution appeared to have reached steady state, clean water was injected through the cell until all of the CO2 was expelled from the system. In addition to the experiments, numerical models were performed using the Finite Element Heat and Mass transfer (FEHM) code as a first step toward planning larger scale experiments. Results indicate that the presence of geologic heterogeneity, which is ubiquitous in natural environments, can significantly hinder the migration of CO2 in the shallow subsurface. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Plampin, Michael R.; Illangasekare, Tissa H.] Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Expt Study Subsurface Environm Proc CESEP, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Porter, Mark; Pawar, Rajesh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci, EES 16, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Plampin, MR (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Expt Study Subsurface Environm Proc CESEP, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mikeplampin@gmail.com RI Porter, Mark/B-4417-2011; Plampin, Michael/K-9110-2016 OI Plampin, Michael/0000-0003-4068-5801 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4824 EP 4833 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.513 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505002 ER PT S AU White, JA Foxall, W AF White, Joshua A. Foxall, William BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI A phased approach to induced seismicity risk management SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE carbon capture and storage; induced seismicity; risk assessment ID STORAGE; CO2 AB This work describes strategies for assessing and managing induced seismicity risk during each phase of a carbon storage project. We consider both nuisance and damage potential from induced earthquakes, as well as the indirect risk of enhancing fault leakage pathways. A phased approach to seismicity management is proposed, in which operations are continuously adapted based on available information and an on-going estimate of risk. At each project stage, specific recommendations are made for (a) monitoring and characterization, (b) modeling and analysis, and (c) site operations. The resulting methodology can help lower seismic risk while ensuring site operations remain practical and cost-effective. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [White, Joshua A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Foxall, William] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP White, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jawhite@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4841 EP 4849 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.515 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505004 ER PT S AU Zheng, LG Carroll, S Bianchi, M Mansoor, K Sun, YW Birkholzer, J AF Zheng, Liange Carroll, Susan Bianchi, Marco Mansoor, Kayyum Sun, Yunwei Birkholzer, Jens BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Reduced Order Models for Prediction of Groundwater Quality Impacts from CO2 and Brine Leakage SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE groundwater; CO2 leakage; brine leakage; reduced order models ID SEQUESTRATION AB A careful assessment of the risk associated with geologic CO2 storage is critical to the deployment of large-scale storage projects. A potential risk is the deterioration of groundwater quality caused by the leakage of CO2 and brine leakage from deep subsurface reservoirs. In probabilistic risk assessment studies, numerical modeling is the primary tool employed to assess risk. However, the application of traditional numerical models to fully evaluate the impact of CO2 leakage on groundwater can be computationally complex, demanding large processing times and resources, and involving large uncertainties. As an alternative, reduced order models (ROMs) can be used as highly efficient surrogates for the complex process-based numerical models. In this study, we represent the complex hydrogeological and geochemical conditions in a heterogeneous aquifer and subsequent risk by developing and using two separate ROMs. The first ROM is derived from a model that accounts for the heterogeneous flow and transport conditions in the presence of complex leakage functions for CO2 and brine. The second ROM is obtained from models that feature similar, but simplified flow and transport conditions, and allow for a more complex representation of all relevant geochemical reactions. To quantify possible impacts to groundwater aquifers, the basic risk metric is taken as the aquifer volume in which the water quality of the aquifer may be affected by an underlying CO2 storage project. The integration of the two ROMs provides an estimate of the impacted aquifer volume taking into account uncertainties in flow, transport and chemical conditions. These two ROMs can be linked in a comprehensive system level model for quantitative risk assessment of the deep storage reservoir, wellbore leakage, and shallow aquifer impacts to assess the collective risk of CO2 storage projects. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zheng, Liange; Bianchi, Marco; Birkholzer, Jens] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carroll, Susan; Mansoor, Kayyum; Sun, Yunwei] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zheng, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4875 EP 4883 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.518 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505007 ER PT S AU Cumming, L Gupta, N Sminchak, J Ganesh, PR Dahowski, R Li, XF Wu, L AF Cumming, Lydia Gupta, Neeraj Sminchak, Joel Ganesh, Priya Ravi Dahowski, Robert Li, Xufeng Wu, Ling BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI International collaboration to investigate carbon dioxide storage opportunities for a coal-fired power plant in Sichuan Basin, China SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE CCS capacity building; coal power plants; Sichuan Basin; China AB International collaboration is one mechanism to speed the development of carbon capture and storage. Support to investigate storage options for a coal-fired plant in the Chongqing Municipality was provided through a program funded by the World Bank. Geologic storage in saline reservoirs appears technically feasible based on the available evidence. The plant is located within a tectonically stable area of the Sichuan Basin, with low seismic activity and adequate capacity. However, multiple injection wells may be required, and the location of a fault near the plant merits additional distance for candidate sites. This study and guidance on future phases was augmented with capacity-building workshops in China and visits by the Chinese delegation to active carbon capture and storage sites outside of China. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cumming, Lydia; Gupta, Neeraj; Sminchak, Joel; Ganesh, Priya Ravi] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Dahowski, Robert] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Li, Xufeng] Ctr Hydrogeol & Environm Geol Survey, Baoding 071051, Peoples R China. [Wu, Ling] CPI Yuanda Environm Protect Engn Co, Chongqing 401122, Peoples R China. RP Cumming, L (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM cummingl@battelle.org NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 4918 EP 4925 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.522 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505010 ER PT S AU Sullivan, EC Hardage, B Strickland, C Bonneville, A Gilmore, T AF Sullivan, E. Charlotte Hardage, Bob Strickland, Chris Bonneville, Alain Gilmore, Tyler BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Application of three-component VSP technology at seismically difficult sites: An example from the FutureGen 2.0 site, Morgan County, Illinois, USA SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Three component VSP; FutureGen2.0; Mt Simon; Illinois Basin AB Reflection seismic data provide the primary technology for imaging subsurface geology between and distal to wellbores; and where rock physics properties are suitable, surface seismic and vertical seismic profiles (VSP's) can provide important CCUS monitoring modalities. In addition, seismic data provide the subsurface framework for locating microseismic events and reducing risk of induced seismicity. Seismic surveys have traditionally been limited to acquisition and processing of compressional (P) -wave data, but modern technology includes the use of three-component receivers that can additionally record shear (S) wave modes that have been generated at the surface or converted from P-waves in the subsurface. Each collected waveform can potentially produce a separate data volume and new information on the subsurface. This paper reviews the insights gained through application of multicomponent VSP technology at the FutureGen2.0 site where, typical of many proposed CCUS and CCS sites, traditional P-wave surface seismic imaging is considerably impacted by seismic noise. We conclude that a comparison of shear and P-wave data and interferometric processing allows a better understanding of subsurface geology, and provides input parameters for improved acquisition of surface seismic data at CCUS sites in old, fast rocks or below depleted oil and gas fields. Although results will vary by locality, we suggest that because of the insights provided by an analysis of multicomponent data, multicomponent acquisition and processing should become part of standard best practices for site characterization and evaluation. (C) 2013 Battelle Memorial Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sullivan, E. Charlotte; Strickland, Chris; Bonneville, Alain; Gilmore, Tyler] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hardage, Bob] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RP Sullivan, EC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM charlotte.sullivan@pnnl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 5051 EP 5062 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.535 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505023 ER PT S AU Goodman, A Fukai, I Dilmore, R Frailey, S Bromhal, G Soeder, D Gorecki, C Peck, W Rodosta, T Guthrie, G AF Goodman, Angela Fukai, Isis Dilmore, Robert Frailey, Scott Bromhal, Grant Soeder, Dan Gorecki, Charlie Peck, Wesley Rodosta, Traci Guthrie, George BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Methodology for assessing CO2 storage potential of organic-rich shale formations SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE CO2 storage; shale; storage resource; storage capacity ID ENHANCED GAS RECOVERY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHANE PRODUCTION; GEOLOGIC STORAGE; CAPACITY; SEQUESTRATION AB The United States Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE-NETL) is developing a volumetric-based methodology for calculating prospective CO2 storage resource of organic-rich shale formations. Similar to natural gas, carbon dioxide (CO2) can be stored in organic-rich shale as free-gas within fractures and pores and as a sorbed component on organic matter and clays. The proposed methodology includes three screening criteria to serve as guidelines for assessing CO2 storage. The absence of thorough, comprehensive geologic and petrophysical data for unconventional shale reservoirs is noted as a significant limitation and source of uncertainty in estimating CO2 storage resource. Future work is aimed towards analyzing geologic data from organic-rich shale in order to refine the methodology and reduce the uncertainty associated with CO2 storage in these complex formations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Goodman, Angela; Dilmore, Robert; Bromhal, Grant; Soeder, Dan; Rodosta, Traci; Guthrie, George] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Fukai, Isis] Battelle Energy & Environm, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Frailey, Scott] Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Gorecki, Charlie; Peck, Wesley] Univ N Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Goodman, A (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM angela.goodman@netl.doe.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 5178 EP 5184 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.548 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505036 ER PT S AU Thibeau, S Bachu, S Birkholzer, J Holloway, S Neele, F Zhou, QL AF Thibeau, Sylvain Bachu, Stefan Birkholzer, Jens Holloway, Sam Neele, Filip Zhou, Quanlin BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Using Pressure and Volumetric Approaches to Estimate CO2 Storage Capacity in Deep Saline Aquifers SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Carbon dioxide geological storage; saline aquifer; capacity estimation; storage efficiency; Basal Cambrian Sandstone; Mount Simon Sandstone; Bunter Sandstone; Rotliegend Sandstone ID SCALE AB Various approaches are used to evaluate the capacity of saline aquifers to store CO2, resulting in a wide range of capacity estimates for a given aquifer. The two approaches most used are the volumetric "open aquifer" and "closed aquifer" approaches. We present four full-scale aquifer cases, where CO2 storage capacity is evaluated both volumetrically (with "open" and/or "closed" approaches) and through flow modeling. These examples show that the "open aquifer" CO2 storage capacity estimation can strongly exceed the cumulative CO2 injection from the flow model, whereas the "closed aquifer" estimates are a closer approximation to the flow-model derived capacity. An analogy to oil recovery mechanisms is presented, where the primary oil recovery mechanism is compared to CO2 aquifer storage without producing formation water; and the secondary oil recovery mechanism (water flooding) is compared to CO2 aquifer storage performed simultaneously with extraction of water for pressure maintenance. This analogy supports the finding that the "closed aquifer" approach produces a better estimate of CO2 storage without water extraction, and highlights the need for any CO2 storage estimate to specify whether it is intended to represent CO2 storage capacity with or without water extraction. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Thibeau, Sylvain] Total, F-64018 Pau, France. [Bachu, Stefan] Alberta Innovates Technol Futures, Edmonton, AB T6N 1E4, Canada. [Birkholzer, Jens] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Holloway, Sam] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. [Neele, Filip; Zhou, Quanlin] TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Thibeau, S (reprint author), Total, Ave Larribau, F-64018 Pau, France. EM sylvain.thibeau@total.com RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; Thibeau, Sylvain/0000-0002-8381-5592 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 5294 EP 5304 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.560 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505048 ER PT S AU Cihan, A Birkholzer, J Bianchi, M AF Cihan, Abdullah Birkholzer, Jens Bianchi, Marco BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Targeted Pressure Management during CO2 Sequestration: Optimization of Well Placement and Brine Extraction SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE carbon sequestration; pressure management; brine extraction; optimization; differential evolution algorithm ID SALINE FORMATIONS; STORAGE; CAPACITY AB Large-scale pressure increases resulting from carbon dioxide (CO2) injection in the subsurface can potentially impact caprock integrity, induce reactivation of critically stressed faults, and drive CO2 or brine through conductive features into shallow groundwater. Pressure management involving the extraction of native fluids from storage formations can be used to minimize pressure increases while maximizing CO2 storage. However, brine extraction requires pumping, transportation, possibly treatment, and disposal of substantial volumes of extracted brackish or saline water, all of which can be technically challenging and expensive. This paper describes a constrained differential evolution (CDE) algorithm for optimal well placement and injection/extraction control with the goal of minimizing brine extraction while achieving predefined pressure contraints. The CDE methodology was tested for a simple optimization problem whose solution can be partially obtained with a gradient-based optimization methodology. The CDE successfully estimated the true global optimum for both extraction well location and extraction rate, needed for the test problem. A more complex example application of the developed strategy was also presented for a hypothetical CO2 storage scenario in a heterogeneous reservoir consisting of a critically stressed fault nearby an injection zone. Through the CDE optimization algorithm coupled to a numerical vertically-averaged reservoir model, we successfully estimated optimal rates and locations for CO2 injection and brine extraction wells while simultaneously satisfying multiple pressure buildup constraints to avoid fault activation and caprock fracturing. The study shows that the CDE methodology is a very promising tool to solve also other optimization problems related to GCS, such as reducing 'Area of Review', monitoring design, reducing risk of leakage and increasing storage capacity and trapping. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cihan, Abdullah; Birkholzer, Jens; Bianchi, Marco] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cihan, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM acihan@lbl.gov RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Cihan, Abdullah/D-3704-2015 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 5325 EP 5332 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.564 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505051 ER PT S AU Buscheck, TA White, JA Chen, MJ Sun, YW Hao, Y Aines, RD Bourcier, WL Bielicki, JM AF Buscheck, Thomas A. White, Joshua A. Chen, Mingjie Sun, Yunwei Hao, Yue Aines, Roger D. Bourcier, William L. Bielicki, Jeffrey M. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Pre-Injection Brine Production for Managing Pressure in Compartmentalized CO2 Storage Reservoirs SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Reservoir management; geologic CO2 storage; CO2 utilization; brine production; brine utilization; desalination; monitoring wells ID SALINE FORMATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION; MANAGEMENT; EXTRACTION; CAPACITY; IMPACT; SNOHVIT; BUILDUP; HISTORY AB We present a reservoir management approach for geologic CO2 storage that combines CO2 injection with brine extraction. In our approach, dual-mode wells are initially used to extract formation brine and subsequently used to inject CO2. These wells can also be used to monitor the subsurface during pre-injection brine extraction so that key data is acquired and analyzed prior to CO2 injection. The relationship between pressure drawdown during pre-injection brine extraction and pressure buildup during CO2 injection directly informs reservoir managers about CO2 storage capacity. These data facilitate proactive reservoir management, and thus reduce costs and risks. The brine may be used directly as make-up brine for nearby reservoir operations; it can also be desalinated and/or treated for a variety of beneficial uses. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Buscheck, Thomas A.; White, Joshua A.; Chen, Mingjie; Sun, Yunwei; Hao, Yue; Aines, Roger D.; Bourcier, William L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bielicki, Jeffrey M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bielicki, Jeffrey M.] Ohio State Univ, John Glenn Sch Publ Affairs, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Buscheck, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM buscheck1@llnl.gov RI Bielicki, Jeffrey/D-4239-2016; Sun, Yunwei/C-9751-2010 OI Bielicki, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8449-9328; NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 5333 EP 5340 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.565 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505052 ER PT S AU Ostertag-Henning, C Risse, A Thomas, B Rosenbauer, R Rochelle, C Purser, G Kilpatrick, A Rosenqvist, J Yardley, B Karamalidis, A Griffith, C Hedges, S Dilmore, R Goodman, A Black, J Haese, R Deusner, C Bigalke, N Haeckel, M Fischer, S Liebscher, A Icenhower, JP Daval, D Saldi, GD Knauss, KG Schmidt, M Mito, S Sorai, M Truche, L AF Ostertag-Henning, C. Risse, A. Thomas, B. Rosenbauer, R. Rochelle, C. Purser, G. Kilpatrick, A. Rosenqvist, J. Yardley, B. Karamalidis, A. Griffith, C. Hedges, S. Dilmore, R. Goodman, A. Black, J. Haese, R. Deusner, C. Bigalke, N. Haeckel, M. Fischer, S. Liebscher, A. Icenhower, J. P. Daval, D. Saldi, G. D. Knauss, K. G. Schmidt, M. Mito, S. Sorai, M. Truche, L. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI GaMin'11-an international inter-laboratory comparison for geochemical CO2 - saline fluid - mineral interaction experiments SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE CCS; geochemical experiments; fluid-rock interaction; mineral dissolution; precipitation; method comparison AB Due to the strong interest in geochemical CO2-fluid-rock interaction in the context of geological storage of CO2 a growing number of research groups have used a variety of different experimental ways to identify important geochemical dissolution or precipitation reactions and - if possible - quantify the rates and extent of mineral or rock alteration. In this inter-laboratory comparison the gas-fluid-mineral reactions of three samples of rock-forming minerals have been investigated by 11 experimental labs. The reported results point to robust identification of the major processes in the experiments by most groups. The dissolution rates derived from the changes in composition of the aqueous phase are consistent overall, but the variation could be reduced by using similar corrections for changing parameters in the reaction cells over time. The comparison of experimental setups and procedures as well as of data corrections identified potential improvements for future gas-fluid-rock studies. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Ostertag-Henning, C.; Risse, A.] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources BGR, Hannover, Germany. [Thomas, B.; Rosenbauer, R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rochelle, C.; Purser, G.; Kilpatrick, A.] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. [Kilpatrick, A.; Rosenqvist, J.; Yardley, B.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Karamalidis, A.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Karamalidis, A.; Griffith, C.; Hedges, S.; Dilmore, R.; Goodman, A.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Black, J.; Haese, R.] Univ Melbourne, Geosci Australia, CO2CRC, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Deusner, C.; Bigalke, N.; Haeckel, M.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Kiel, Germany. [Fischer, S.; Liebscher, A.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany. [Icenhower, J. P.; Daval, D.; Saldi, G. D.; Knauss, K. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schmidt, M.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, D-06108 Halle, Germany. [Mito, S.] Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth RITE, Kyoto, Japan. [Sorai, M.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Truche, L.] Univ Lorraine, CNRS, GeoRessources, Nancy, France. RP Ostertag-Henning, C (reprint author), Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources BGR, Hannover, Germany. EM christian.ostertag-henning@bgr.de RI Truche, Laurent/G-1319-2016; OI Truche, Laurent/0000-0002-8471-1349; Thomas, Burt/0000-0002-2228-6770; Black, Jay/0000-0003-1872-9345 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 5538 EP 5543 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.587 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505074 ER PT S AU Trevisan, L Pini, R Cihan, A Birkholzer, JT Zhou, QL Illangasekare, TH AF Trevisan, Luca Pini, Ronny Cihan, Abdullah Birkholzer, Jens T. Zhou, Quanlin Illangasekare, Tissa H. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Experimental investigation of supercritical CO2 trapping mechanisms at the intermediate laboratory scale in well-defined heterogeneous porous media SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Capillary trapping; immiscible displacement experiments; surrogate fluids; x-ray attenuation method; heterogeneous porous media ID DEEP SALINE AQUIFERS; STORAGE AB The heterogeneous nature of typical sedimentary formations can play a major role in the propagation of the CO2 plume, eventually dampening the accumulation of mobile phase underneath the caprock. From core flooding experiments, it is also known that contrasts in capillary threshold pressure due to different pore size can affect the flow paths of the invading and displaced fluids and consequently influence the build-up of non-wetting phase (NWP) at interfaces between geological facies. The full characterization of the geologic variability at all relevant scales and the ability to make observations on the spatial and temporal distribution of the migration and trapping of supercritical CO2 is not feasible from a practical perspective. To provide insight into the impact of well-defined heterogeneous systems on the flow dynamics and trapping efficiency of supercritical CO2 under drainage and imbibition conditions, we present an experimental investigation at the meter scale conducted in synthetic sand reservoirs packed in a quasi-two-dimensional flow-cell. Two immiscible displacement experiments have been performed to observe the preferential entrapment of NWP in simple heterogeneous porous media. The experiments consisted of an injection, a fluid redistribution, and a forced imbibition stages conducted in an uncorrelated permeability field and a homogeneous base case scenario. We adopted x-ray attenuation analysis as a non-destructive technique that allows a precise measurement of phase saturations throughout the entire flow domain. By comparing a homogeneous and a heterogeneous scenario we have identified some important effects that can be attributed to capillary barriers, such as dampened plume advancement, higher non-wetting phase saturations, larger contact area between the injected and displaced phases, and a larger range of non-wetting phase saturations. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Trevisan, Luca; Illangasekare, Tissa H.] Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Expt Study Subsurface Environm Proc CESEP, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Pini, Ronny] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Petr Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Cihan, Abdullah; Birkholzer, Jens T.; Zhou, Quanlin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Trevisan, L (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Expt Study Subsurface Environm Proc CESEP, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM luca.trevisan@gmail.com RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Cihan, Abdullah/D-3704-2015; OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; , Ronny/0000-0002-9443-3573; Trevisan, Luca/0000-0002-7172-5020 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 5646 EP 5653 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.597 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505084 ER PT S AU Carey, JW Mori, H Brown, D Pawar, R AF Carey, J. William Mori, Hiroko Brown, Diana Pawar, Rajesh BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Geomechanical Behavior of Caprock and Cement: Plasticity in Hydrodynamic Seals SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE CO2 CO2 sequestration; fracture permeability; triaxial experiments; x-ray tomography; wellbore integrity ID STORAGE AB The geomechanical behavior of caprock and wellbore systems determines the robustness of the CO2 storage system to disturbances from stress, pressure and temperature. In this study, we conduct triaxial coreflood and x-ray tomography experiments to directly measure permeability of water and supercritical CO2 in caprock (shale and anhydrite), cement and synthetic wellbores. The observed plastic behavior and large deformation that occurred prior to distinct sample failure demonstrates substantial stress accommodation in these systems. Fracture development resulted in total sample permeability ranging from 10-1000 mD depending on sample properties and the applied stress configuration. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Carey, J. William; Mori, Hiroko; Brown, Diana; Pawar, Rajesh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87505 USA. RP Carey, JW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87505 USA. EM bcarey@lanl.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 5671 EP 5679 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.600 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505087 ER PT S AU Duguid, A Carey, JW Butsch, R AF Duguid, Andrew Carey, J. William Butsch, Robert BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Well integrity assessment of a 68 year old well at a CO2 injection project SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE CO2; Carbon; Well; Integrity; Cement; Carbonation; Leakage; Migration; EOR; CCS ID CEMENT AB As part of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) sponsored project, The Quantification of Wellbore Leakage Risk Using Non-destructive Borehole Logging Techniques, the construction and integrity of a 68 year old well was studied. This study builds upon previous work examining the integrity of existing wells through shale formations. The objective of this study was to measure well integrity through potential caprocks and aid in understanding the potential leakage risk posed by old wells that intersect CO2 injection projects. The well was originally completed as a production well in the Gulf Coast region in 1945 and then plugged and abandoned in 1969. The well was re-entered and re-completed as an observation well for a CO2 injection project in 2008. It was replugged and abandoned after completing its observation role in 2013. For this study the well was logged using cement bond log and ultrasonic mapping tools, tested and sampled using a dynamic tester, and cored using a sidewall coring tool. The age of this well makes it the oldest well to be studied in this manner and this is the first well to be studied this way in the region. The results of the study indicate that much of the material behind the casing is unconsolidated cement. Logging results in many places in the well show poor isolation potential and indicate a microannulus. The logs also indicate removal of material during hydraulic testing which was confirmed by laboratory analysis. Of the six cores collected, four consisted of unconsolidated, soft, cement or rock, one consisted of heavily altered cement, and one consisted of slightly altered cement. The results of study are an interesting contrast to earlier field studies because they show an old well that lacked integrity at most of the test and sample points. However, the logging and a core sample in the squeezed zone indicate that there was zonal isolation between the injection and monitoring zones. The logging and mapping data along with the analysis of the "core" material collected provide insight into the potential leakage pathways within the well. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Duguid, Andrew; Butsch, Robert] Schlumberger Carbon Serv, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. [Carey, J. William] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duguid, A (reprint author), Schlumberger Carbon Serv, 15 Bishop Dr,Suite 102, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. EM aduguid@slb.com NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 5691 EP 5706 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.602 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505089 ER PT S AU Huerta, NJ Strazisar, BR Bryant, SL Hesse, MA AF Huerta, Nicolas J. Strazisar, Brian R. Bryant, Steven L. Hesse, Marc A. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Time-dependent fluid migration from a storage formation via leaky wells SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Wellbore Integrity; Leakage; Risk Assessmsnet ID CO2 LEAKAGE; WELLBORE; CEMENT AB A model for the time-dependent flow of CO2-saturated fluid through a leaky well is presented. This simple model accounts for laboratory observations of fracture sealing by secondary precipitation due to complex reactive transport coupling. The model uses the principle of flow in series and a logistic function to describe the evolution of the precipitation zone's effective permeability as it advects through the domain. A single well leakage scenario is used as an example and to perform a sensitivity study for a range of conditions. Results show that the initial fracture conductivity, retardation factors, and empirical parameters that describe permeability decrease are the dominant parameters in the model. These parameters determine time to breakthrough of reservoir fluid and amount of fluid leaked at 50 years. For most cases the breakthrough time and total amount leaked are orders of magnitude less than when compared to the constant permeability case. Even when residence time is small (i.e. when leak length is short and aperture is large) the model shows significantly less fluid leaked into an overlying aquifer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Huerta, Nicolas J.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. [Strazisar, Brian R.] RJ Lee Grp Inc, Monroeville, PA 15146 USA. [Bryant, Steven L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Petr & Geosyst Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Hesse, Marc A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Huerta, NJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM nicolas.huerta@netl.doe.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 5724 EP 5736 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.605 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505092 ER PT S AU Kelkar, S Carey, JW Dempsey, D Lewis, K AF Kelkar, Sharad Carey, J. William Dempsey, David Lewis, Kayla BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Integrity of pre-existing wellbores in geological sequestration of CO2 - assessment using a coupled geomechanics-fluid flow model SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX AB Assessment of potential CO2 and brine leakage from wellbores is central to any consideration of the viability of geological CO2 sequestration. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs are some of the potential candidates for consideration as sequestration sites. The sequestration sites are expected to cover laterally extensive areas to be of practical interest. Hence there is a high likelihood that such sites will contain many pre-existing abandoned wells. Most existing work on wellbore integrity has focused on field and laboratory studies of chemical reactivity. Very little work has been done on the impacts of mechanical stresses on wellbore performance. This study focuses on the potential enhancement of fluid flow pathways in the near-wellbore environment due to modifications in the geomechanical stress field resulting from the CO2 injection operations. The majority of the operational scenarios for CO2 sequestration lead to significant rise in the formation pore pressure. This is expected to lead to an expansion of the reservoir rock and build-up of shear stresses near wellbores where the existence of cement and casing are expected to constrain the expansion. If the stress buildup is large enough, this can lead to failure with attendant permeability enhancement that can potentially provide leakage pathways to shallower aquifers and the surface. In this study, we use a numerical model to simulate key features of a wellbore (casing, annulus and cement) embedded in a system that includes the upper aquifer, caprock, and storage aquifer. We present the sensitivity of damage initiation and propagation to various operational and formation parameters. We consider Mohr-Coulomb shear-failure models; tensile failure is also likely to occur but will require higher stress changes and will be preceded by shear failure. The modeling is performed using the numerical simulator FEHM developed at LANL that models coupled THM processes during multi-phase fluid flow and deformation in fractured porous media. FEHM has been developed extensively under projects on conventional/unconventional energy extraction geothermal, oil, and gas), radionuclide and contaminant transport, watershed management, and CO2 sequestration. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kelkar, Sharad; Carey, J. William; Dempsey, David] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Lewis, Kayla] Monmoth Univ, Monmoth, NJ USA. RP Kelkar, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM Kelkar@lanl.gov RI Dempsey, David/B-9115-2015 OI Dempsey, David/0000-0003-2135-5129 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 5737 EP 5748 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.606 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211502094 ER PT S AU Genedy, M Stormont, J Matteo, E Tahad, MR AF Genedy, Moneeb Stormont, John Matteo, Edward Taha, Mahmoud Reda BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Examining Epoxy-based Nanocomposites in Wellbore Seal Repair for Effective CO2 Sequestration SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Polymer cement; epoxy nanocomposites; bond strength; flowability; nanoalumina; nanoclay ID ADHESION; COMPOSITES; INTERFACE; MECHANISM; SYSTEMS AB Thousands of abandoned wellbores may lie within the aerial extent of a CO2 storage operation. These wellbores represent a potential leakage pathway and a leaky wellbore needs to be re-completed or otherwise repaired to restore seal integrity and ensure containment of the stored CO2. Due to the high cost of recompleting a well, a sufficient economic incentive exists if a viable seal repair technology is available. In this paper, we examine the use of epoxy nanocomposites as potential seal repair materials that have excellent bond characteristics with both steel and cement when cured in the subsurface environment. Test results show Novolac epoxy nanocomposites incorporating nanosilica, nanoclay or nanoalumina to have acceptable flowability that enable injection in wellbore cracks and significantly higher bond strength compared with standard microfine cement. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Genedy, Moneeb; Stormont, John; Taha, Mahmoud Reda] Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Matteo, Edward] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tahad, MR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM mrtaha@unm.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 5798 EP 5807 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.612 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505098 ER PT S AU Um, W Jung, H Kabilan, S Fernandez, CA Brown, CF AF Um, Wooyong Jung, Hunbok Kabilan, Senthil Fernandez, Carlos A. Brown, Christopher F. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Geochemical and geomechanical effects on wellbore cement fractures SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE wellbore cement; supercritical CO2; fracture; permability; CaCO3(s) precipitation AB Experimental studies were conducted using batch reactors, X-ray microtomograpy (XMT), and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to determine changes in cement fracture surfaces, fluid flow pathways, and permeability with geochemical and geomechanical processes. Composite Portland cement-basalt caprock core with artificial fractures was prepared and reacted with CO2-saturated groundwater at 50 degrees C and 10 MPa for 3 to 3.5 months under static conditions to understand the geochemical and geomechanical effects on the integrity of wellbores that contain defects. Cement-basalt interface samples were subjected to mechanical stress at 2.7 MPa before the CO2 reaction. XMT provided three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of the opening and interconnection of cement fractures due to mechanical stress. After the CO2 reaction, XMT images revealed that calcium carbonate precipitation occurred extensively within the fractures in the cement matrix, but only partially along fractures located at the cement-basalt interface. The calculated permeability based on CFD simulation was in agreement with the experimentally measured permeability. The experimental results imply that the wellbore cement with fractures is likely to be healed during exposure to CO2-saturated groundwater under static conditions, whereas fractures along the cement-caprock interface are still likely to remain vulnerable to the leakage of CO2. CFD simulations for the flow of different fluids (CO2-saturated brine and supercritical CO2) using a pressure difference of 20 kPa and 200 kPa along similar to 2 cm-long cement fractures showed that a pressure gradient increase resulted in an increase of CO2 fluids flux by a factor of 3-9 because the friction of CO2 fluids on cement fracture surfaces increased with higher flow rate as well. At the same pressure gradient, the simulated flow rate was higher for supercritical CO2 than CO2-saturated brine by a factor of only 2-3, because the viscosity of supercritical CO2 is much lower than that of CO2-saturated brine. The study suggests that in deep geological reservoirs the geochemical and geomechanical processes have coupled effects on the wellbore cement fracture evolution and fluid flow along the fracture surfaces. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Um, Wooyong; Jung, Hunbok; Kabilan, Senthil; Fernandez, Carlos A.; Brown, Christopher F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Um, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 999 Battelle Blouvard, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Wooyong.um@pnnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 5808 EP 5812 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.613 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211505099 ER PT S AU Gollakota, S McDonald, S AF Gollakota, Sai McDonald, Scott BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Commercial-Scale CCS Project in Decatur, Illinois - Construction Status and Operational Plans for Demonstration SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE DOE; NETL; ADM; Decatur; Carbon Capture Storage; CCS; Class VI Well; NSEC; Mt. Simon Sandstone; Greenhouse Gas; Ethanol AB United States Department of Energy (DOE) and Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) has made substantial progress in the development and construction of the largest saline storage project in the U.S. This commercial-scale project is located at the ADM's agricultural processing and biofuels complex in Decatur, Illinois. The Office of Fossil Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory manages this project. Detailed design, installation of the CO2 compression, dehydration, and transmission system, and installation of related piping, electrical, and instrumentation was completed and commissioning of this system was initiated. The construction of a 100-MW electrical substation, which will supply power to the compressors and other equipment, is in progress. A 2206 m deep monitoring well and a 1083 m geophysical well were drilled. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a draft permit for a Class VI injection well with a capacity to inject 3000 tonnes of CO2 per day. This is expected to be the first geological sequestration project to operate with EPA's Class VI well permit in the U.S. The project is scheduled to begin CO2 injection into the Mount Simon Sandstone, a deep saline reservoir, early 2015. The project team members include Schlumberger Carbon Services, Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS)-University of Illinois, and Richland Community College (RCC). Public education and outreach for CCS is an integral part of this ICCS project and to this end, the project has established the National Sequestration Education Center (NSEC) at RCC in Decatur. NSEC is implementing a new associate degree program, first in the United States, with an emphasis on CCS. This project was recognized by the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum. (c) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gollakota, Sai] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [McDonald, Scott] Archer Daniels Midland Co, Decatur, IL 62521 USA. RP Gollakota, S (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM Sai.Gollakota@netl.doe.gov NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 5986 EP 5993 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.633 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211506018 ER PT S AU Rodosta, T Ackiewicz, M Albenze, E AF Rodosta, Traci Ackiewicz, Mark Albenze, Erik BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Status Update and Results from the US Department of Energy Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Initiative SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE US DOE Carbon Storage Program; National Energy Technology Laboratory; carbon capture and storage (CCS); Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs); monitoring; verification; accounting (MVA) and assessment; CO2 injection; site-specific characterization; simulation and risk assessment AB A major component of the U.S. DOE Carbon Storage Program is Infrastructure, which includes the seven Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs). The RCSP Initiative began in 2003 with an assessment of the CO2 storage resource in various geologic formations throughout the seven partnerships, and has subsequently focused on small-and large-scale field projects. RCSP field projects involve site-specific characterization and application of simulation and risk assessment, and monitoring, verification, accounting (MVA) and assessment technologies in different types of storage reservoirs in various geologic depositional environments and different geographic regions. Field testing has validated multiple technologies and tested new tools and approaches, and shown the need for integration of multiple tools for monitoring. Results of the field projects have improved our understanding of CO2 injection, fluid flow and pressure migration, and geomechanical and geochemical impacts of injection, and are providing experience and knowledge of operation at scale which is essential for broad, commercial deployment of storage technologies. (c) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rodosta, Traci] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Ackiewicz, Mark] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Albenze, Erik] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Rodosta, T (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM traci.rodosta@netl.doe.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 6039 EP 6052 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.637 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211506022 ER PT S AU Prevedel, B Martens, S Norden, B Henninges, J Freifeld, BM AF Prevedel, Bernhard Martens, Sonja Norden, Ben Henninges, Jan Freifeld, Barry M. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Drilling and abandonment preparation of CO2 storage wells - Experience from the Ketzin pilot site SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Well design; Permanent down-hole monitoring; Mud losses; Cementation; Perforation; Abandonment; Well killing ID GERMANY; VERIFICATION; INJECTION; RESERVOIR; CO2SINK AB At Ketzin, located west of Berlin, the GFZ German Centre for Geosciences is operating Europe's largest CO2 research storage site. This pilot site has been developed since 2004 and is comprised of one combined injection/observation well and four monitoring wells. From June 2008 to August 2013, a total of 67 kilotons of CO2 were safely injected into the sandstone units of the Upper Triassic Stuttgart Formation in a depth between 630 to 650 m. The paper discusses the well designs and lessons learned in drilling engineering and operations. The abandonment phase started in Ketzin with the first plug cementation of the observation well Ktzi 202 shortly after shut-in of CO2 injection. The experience with the first CO2 well killing operation will be reviewed. (c) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Prevedel, Bernhard; Martens, Sonja; Norden, Ben; Henninges, Jan] GFZ German Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Freifeld, Barry M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prevedel, B (reprint author), GFZ German Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM prevedel@gfz-potsdam.de RI Freifeld, Barry/F-3173-2010 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 6067 EP 6078 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.639 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211506024 ER PT S AU Gilmore, TJ Bonneville, A Vermeul, V Spane, F Kelley, ME Sullivan, C Hoffmann, J AF Gilmore, Tyler J. Bonneville, Alain Vermeul, Vince Spane, Frank Kelley, Mark E. Sullivan, Charlotte Hoffmann, Jeffrrey BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Overview of the CO2 Geological Storage Site for the FutureGen Project in Morgan County Illinois, USA SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE carbon sequestration; FutureGen; carbon capture and storage; UIC permit AB Development of the FutureGen geologic storage site in Morgan County Illinois is part of a larger project to design, build, and operate a commercial-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) system capable of capturing, treating, and storing the CO2 off-gas from an oxy-combustion coal-fueled power plant located in Meredosia, Illinois. The geological storage site is designed to capture approximately 1.1 million metric tons (Mt) of CO2 each year. To support the selection and design of the site, a comprehensive characterization effort was conducted in order to acquire fundamental subsurface site specific information. These characterization activities included seismic surveys coring, geophysical wireline logging, hydrologic testing and geomechanical testing. The characterization results combined with pertinent research literature were used to build a conceptual model of the site, which in turn informed the development of computer models. Collectively this work supported both the design work and the permitting under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's class VI Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit process which was developed specifically for CO2 injection. The detailed design of the injection wells and associated monitoring network were completed in early 2014 and in August 2014 the site received the first issued set of class VI UIC permits in the Unites States for the planned injection wells. (C) 2014 Battelle Memorial Institute and The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gilmore, Tyler J.; Bonneville, Alain; Vermeul, Vince; Spane, Frank; Sullivan, Charlotte] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kelley, Mark E.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Hoffmann, Jeffrrey] Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Gilmore, TJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tyler.gilmore@pnnl.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 6361 EP 6367 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.671 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211506054 ER PT S AU Rodosta, T Ackiewicz, M AF Rodosta, Traci Ackiewicz, Mark BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI US DOE/NETL Core R&D Program for Carbon Storage Technology Development SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE US DOE Carbon Storage Program; National Energy Technology Laboratory; carbon capture and storage (CCS); geologic storage technologies; simulation and risk assessment; monitoring, verification, and accounting; carbon use and reuse ID CO2 STORAGE; MANAGEMENT; PRESSURE AB The Carbon Storage Program contains three principal components: Core Research and Development (R&D), Infrastructure, and Program Support (Strategic). Core R&D involves both applied laboratory-and pilot-scale research focused on adapting existing and developing new technologies and systems for geologic storage. Core R&D encompasses three Technology Areas: (1) Geologic Storage Technologies and Simulation and Risk Assessment (GSRA); (2) Monitoring, Verification, Accounting (MVA), and Assessment; and (3) Carbon Use and Reuse. The GSRA Technology Area is subdivided into six Key Technologies (wellbore; mitigation; fluid flow, pressure, and water management; geomechanical impacts; geochemical impacts; and risk assessment). The MVA Technology Area is subdivided into four Key Technologies (atmospheric monitoring; near-surface monitoring; subsurface monitoring; and intelligent monitoring). The Carbon Use and Reuse is subdivided into three Key Technologies (polycarbonate plastics, mineralization/cements, and chemicals). This paper addresses the Core R&D geologic storage effort and how it is meeting the R&D challenges in the GSRA and MVA Technology Areas. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rodosta, Traci] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Ackiewicz, Mark] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Rodosta, T (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 6368 EP 6378 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.672 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211506055 ER PT S AU Bielicki, JM Clarens, AF Middleton, RS Liu, XW Levine, JS de Carvalho, MB Giovanini, N AF Bielicki, Jeffrey M. Clarens, Andres F. Middleton, Richard S. Liu, Xiaowei Levine, Jonathan S. de Carvalho, Mariana Barbosa Giovanini Junior, Nelson BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Shifting Sands in a CO2 Desert: Replacing Extracted CO2 with By-product CO2 for Use in Enhanced Oil Recovery SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Carbon Management; Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage; Enhanced Oil Recovery AB Efforts to sequester or otherwise manage carbon dioxide emissions on a large scale will require an improved understanding of the geospatial characteristics of anthropogenic CO2 sources. Recent work by the authors using newly collected data from the US Environmental Protection Agency showed that even though there are some regions of the US with access to significant supply of CO2, most regions of the country do not have sources that are concentrated enough or large enough to support large-scale carbon management activities. What's more, the life cycle carbon burdens of different CO2 sources varied considerably with some sources, e. g., extracted wells, having a much larger carbon footprint than those where CO2 is a by-product, e.g., acid gas processing facilities. Here, the effect of source switching was explored in the context of CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). At present most CO2-EOR operations in the United States rely on CO2 that is extracted from dedicated wells generating nearly pure CO2. By-product CO2, in contrast, is produced from a number of other industries including natural gas processing plants where small mass fractions of CO2 are removed from the gas stream. The emissions implications of these two sources of CO2 are significant in the context of CO2-EOR application because in one case, CO2 emissions are being avoided but in another they are not. Yet the switch from an industrial paradigm in which extracted CO2 is used to one in which by-product CO2 may not be as straightforward as it appears. Here, the SimCCS model is applied to the oil-producing Permian basin in west Texas to understand what the effect of source switching would be on CO2 demand, infrastructure, and overall emissions. The results suggest that at present scales of deployment, the costs associated with switching to by-product CO2 are higher than extracted CO2 because of the need for new infrastructure. Nevertheless, the observed emissions reductions are large in an absolute sense and suggest that this strategy be more seriously considered. A new infrastructure would be needed to connect by-product CO2 sources with CO2-EOR sinks but the cost of this is not so great that with a modest economic incentive, source switching of CO2 could represent a near-term strategy for reducing CO2 emissions and increasing oil production. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bielicki, Jeffrey M.; de Carvalho, Mariana Barbosa] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bielicki, Jeffrey M.] Ohio State Univ, John Glenn Sch Publ Affairs, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Clarens, Andres F.; Liu, Xiaowei] Univ Virginia, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Middleton, Richard S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Levine, Jonathan S.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [de Carvalho, Mariana Barbosa; Giovanini Junior, Nelson] Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Clarens, AF (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM aclarens@virginia.edu RI Bielicki, Jeffrey/D-4239-2016; OI Bielicki, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8449-9328; Middleton, Richard/0000-0002-8039-6601 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 6557 EP 6564 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.692 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211506074 ER PT S AU Burton, E AF Burton, Elizabeth BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Effects of California's Climate Policy in Facilitating CCUS SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE carbon capture; utilization; and storage; California; energy policy; climate policy AB California is at the forefront of addressing the challenges involved in redesigning its energy infrastructure to meet 2050 GHG reduction goals, but CCUS commercialization lags in California as it does elsewhere. It is unclear why this is the case given the state's forefront position in aggressive climate change policy. The intent of this paper is to examine the factors that may explain why CCUS has not advanced as rapidly as other GHG emissions mitigation technologies in California and identify ways by which CCUS commercialization may be advanced in the context of California's future energy infrastructure. CCUS has application to reduce GHG emissions from the power, industrial and transportation sectors in the state. Efficiency, use of renewable energy or nuclear generation to replace fossil fuels, use of lower or no-net-carbon feedstocks (such as biomass), and use of CCUS on fossil fuel generation are the main options, but California has fewer options for making the deep cuts in CO2 emissions within the electricity sector to meet 2050 goals. California is already the most efficient of all 50 states as measured by electricity use per capita, and, while further efficiency measures can reduce per capita consumption, increasing population is still driving electricity demand upwards. A 1976 law prevents building any new nuclear plants until a federal high-level nuclear waste repository is approved. Most all in-state electricity generation already comes from natural gas; although California does plan to eliminate electricity imports from out-of-state coal-fired generation. Thus, the two options with greatest potential to reduce in-state power sector CO2 emissions are replacing fossil with renewable generation or employing CCUS on natural gas power plants. Although some scenarios call on California to transition its electricity sector to 100 percent renewables, it is unclear how practical this approach is given the intermittency of renewable generation, mismatches between peak generation times and demand times, and the rate of progress in developing technologies for large-scale power storage. Vehicles must be electrified or move to biofuels or zero-carbon fuels in order to decarbonize the transportation sector. These options transfer the carbon footprint of transportation to other sectors: the power sector in the case of electric vehicles and the industrial and agricultural sectors in the case of biofuels or zero-carbon fuels. Thus, the underlying presumption to achieve overall carbon reductions is that the electricity used by vehicles does not raise the carbon emissions of the power sector: biofuel feedstock growth, harvest, and processing uses low carbon energy or production of fuels from fossil feedstocks employs CCUS. This results in future transportation sector energy derived solely from renewables, biomass, or fossil fuel point sources utilizing CCUS. In the industrial sector, the largest contributors to GHG emissions are transportation fuel refineries and cement plants. Emissions from refineries come from on-site power generation and hydrogen plants; while fuel mixes can be changed to reduce the GHG emissions from processing and renewable sources can be used to generate power, total decarbonization requires use of CCUS. Similarly, for cement plants, power generation may use carbon-free feedstocks instead of fossil fuels, but CO2 emissions associated with the manufacture of cement products must be dealt with through CCUS. Of course, another option for these facilities is the purchase of offsets to create a zero-emissions plant. In spite of the conclusion that CCUS is vital to decarbonization of three of the state's key economic sectors, incorporating CCUS technology into California's energy future has significant challenges. A diverse set of questions must be addressed before state planners, policymakers, and regulators will be able to justify pursuing CCUS as a part of the solution to meet 2050 goals: In what sector applications does CCUS have the most potential to assist the state in reducing its CO2 emissions? Do policies to facilitate CCUS enable continued use of fossil fuels even where there may be other viable options for energy generation? Are CCUS technologies, specifically subsurface storage elements, safe and effective over the long term? How can California agencies and lawmakers assure that CCUS projects are appropriately permitted, regulated, monitored, and verified? Can the state's industrial and energy infrastructure accommodate the changes necessary to integrate CCUS? In state planning for future energy infrastructure, should CCUS be included as a component? What is the risk in not doing so? If CCUS is to be relied on to reduce significant fractions of California's future emissions, at what rate should CCUS projects be coming on line, and what pathways to commercialization can accommodate this rate? CCUS projects worldwide and analog projects provide some data and experience to answer these questions. Worldwide experience, for example, supports the assertion that CO2 can be stored safely in the subsurface; these projects have tested a number of tools, including monitoring technologies, simulations, well completion methods and well and cap rock integrity testing to give regulators confidence that risks are measureable and verifiable. For California, areas of particular concern are assuring safety of groundwater resources from contamination and seismic hazards. California has plentiful geologic storage resource to accommodate captured emissions, according to studies by WESTCARB and the California Geological Survey. Infrastructure requirements include capture facilities at CO2 emission sources, pipelines, and injection and monitoring wells at storage sites. It is a policy decision as to whether these costs should be passed on to consumers or taxpayers. California will require substantial investment in pipeline infrastructure in order for CCUS to become widespread. Because a readily available supply of low cost CO2 would benefit California's oil industry, that industry and federal subsidies for oil production may be sources of capital for pipeline development. California's CCUS project developers may be able to repurpose or co-utilize some existing infrastructure at California's numerous oil and natural gas fields if storage is done in conjunction with CO2-EOR or by conversion of depleted reservoirs to storage sites. Storage in saline formations will require new infrastructure and development to assure safe and effective long term storage. Rates of CCUS technology adoption must be sufficient to create a declining trend in GHG emissions with the right slope to intersect 80 MT or less total emissions by 2050. It is an oversimplification to assume that technology adoptions between now and 2050 will result in a linear reduction of emissions with time, but it serves to give a first-order approximation of the size of the task. With every year of delay in implementation of GHG reduction technologies, the slope becomes steeper. If the 2020 cap on new emissions is maintained after 2020, about 10 Mt per year must still be removed every year to reach the 2050 goal. This is equivalent to removing several of California's largest point sources from the emissions inventory every year. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Burton, Elizabeth] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Burton, Elizabeth] Global CCS Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. RP Burton, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eburton@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 6959 EP 6972 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.729 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211507010 ER PT S AU Porse, SL Wade, S Hovorka, SD AF Porse, Sean L. Wade, Sarah Hovorka, Susan D. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Can we Treat CO2 Well Blowouts like Routine Plumbing Problems? A Study of the Incidence, Impact, and Perception of Loss of Well Control SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE CO2 enhanced oil recovery; CO2 well blowout; risk management; public acceptance; recordkeeping and reporting ID GAS AB Risk communication literature suggests that for a number of reasons, the public may perceive a risk to be greater than indicated by its statistical probability. Public concern over risk can lead to significant and costly delays in project permitting and operations. Considering these theories, media coverage of CO2-related well blowouts in 2013 gave rise to the questions: What is the risk of CO2 well blowouts associated with CCUS through CO2 EOR? What is the potential public perception of those risks? What information could be used to respond to public concern? To address these questions, this study aims to: 1) provide a framework for understanding the nature of onshore well blowouts, 2) quantify the incidence of such events for three specific geographic regions of Texas, 3) relate this data to CCUS and findings from other studies, and 4) explore the potential implications for public perception of this risk associated with CCUS projects. While quantifying answers to these questions proved to be challenging, the results from this study suggest that (1) the perceived risk of CO2 well blowouts may exceed the statistical risk and (2) information that could be used to address this gap could be made more readily available to the greater benefit of industry and stakeholders who support the development of CCUS as an option for addressing anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The study also suggests approaches to best conduct such data inquiries. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Porse, Sean L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wade, Sarah] WADE LLC, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Hovorka, Susan D.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Gulf Coast Carbon Ctr, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RP Porse, SL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sean.porse@pnnl.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 7149 EP 7161 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.751 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211507030 ER PT S AU Klapperich, RJ Stepan, DJ Jensen, MD Gorecki, CD Steadman, EN Harju, JA Nakles, DV McNemar, AT AF Klapperich, Ryan J. Stepan, Daniel J. Jensen, Melanie D. Gorecki, Charlie D. Steadman, Edward N. Harju, John A. Nakles, David V. McNemar, Andrea T. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI The nexus of water and CCS: A regional carbon sequestration partnership perspective SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE water-CCS; extracted water use AB The Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (RCSP) Program of the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory has formed a Water Working Group (WWG) to advance the knowledge of water management and carbon capture and storage (CCS) issues. The WWG's goal is to identify and investigate innovative solutions to these water and CCS challenges. The WWG is focusing on water-related issues common to all of the RCSPs as well as those specific to each region of the United States. This paper describes the water/CCS framework being developed and implemented by the WWG through the RCSPs. (C) 2014 Energy & Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota. Published by Elsevier Limited. C1 [Klapperich, Ryan J.; Stepan, Daniel J.; Jensen, Melanie D.; Gorecki, Charlie D.; Steadman, Edward N.; Harju, John A.] Univ N Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Nakles, David V.] Ctr Grp Inc, Gibsonia, PA 15044 USA. [McNemar, Andrea T.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Klapperich, RJ (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, 15 North 23rd St,Stop 9018, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM rklapperich@undeerc.org NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 7162 EP 7172 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.752 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211507031 ER PT S AU Graham, EJS Chu, S Pawar, RJ Stauffer, PH AF Graham, Sullivan E. J. Chu, S. Pawar, R. J. Stauffer, P. H. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI The CO2-PENS Water Treatment Model: evaluation of cost profiles and importance scenarios for brackish water extracted during carbon storage. SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE extracted water; carbon storage; desalination; membrane treatment; thermal treatment ID CO2 STORAGE; BASIN IMPLICATIONS AB Extraction of in-situ water is one of the options for minimizing the impact of large-scale CO2 injection in saline aquifers or during enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The amount of water to be produced could be significant depending on in-situ conditions and injection parameters. Evaluating the costs of treatment is complex, as the quality of the water may vary considerably from treatments based on well-known seawater chemistry, including reverse osmosis. We evaluated a brackish-salinity water to be extracted from a future CO2 injection and storage location in eastern China for prototype treatment costs for both cooling water and boiler water final treatment goals. Costs for treatment of the water, excluding costs for organic pretreatment, were within the range of previously analyzed costs for higher-salinity waters (US$ 1.53-6.20) but are likely to be lower when economies of scale are included for a full-scale, higher volume treatment facility. Importance analysis lends insight into process factors that may not contribute the highest unit costs to treatment but on whole are very important to total system costs. We found that the acid rate for pretreatment, zero-liquid discharge disposal, feed water temperature, and water transportation costs, were the most important factors within total system costs for this analysis. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Graham, Sullivan E. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Diagnost & Engn Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chu, S.; Pawar, R. J.; Stauffer, P. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Graham, EJS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Diagnost & Engn Grp, MS J964, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Stauffer, Philip/0000-0002-6976-221X NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 7205 EP 7214 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.756 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211507035 ER PT S AU Bielicki, JM Middleton, RS Levine, JS Stauffer, P AF Bielicki, Jeffrey M. Middleton, Richard S. Levine, Jonathan S. Stauffer, Phil BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI An Alternative Pathway for Stimulating Regional Deployment of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE CO2 capture; ethylene; enhanced oil recovery; CO2 price ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; FOSSIL-FUEL POWER; CO2 CAPTURE; INFRASTRUCTURE; OPTIMIZATION; CHALLENGES; TRANSPORT; CCS AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) is a key climate mitigation technology that can global CO2 emissions by thousands of megatonnes of CO2 annually. CCS is almost certainly required, along with a wide portfolio of other technologies in an "all of the above" strategy, to achieve the reductions in global CO2 emissions necessary to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of CO2. Despite many high-profile demonstration projects, commercial-scale CCS deployment is still impeded by multiple issues including economic viability, public awareness and acceptance, and regulation and permitting. Developing a large-scale, highly visible and economically feasible CCS network-in addition to existing investment approaches-will be required to overcome these barriers to widespread CCS adoption. We propose a pathway to an integrated CCS network that connects multiple industrial CO2 sources and geologic storage reservoirs using existing CCS technologies. Specifically, we propose that such a network could utilize CO2 emissions from ethylene manufacturing for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in the U.S. Gulf Coast region, creating a regional ethylene: CO2-EOR network. The ethylene market presents several key advantages for capturing CO2: ethylene is a high-value chemical with a price that can readily absorb capture costs (unlike fossil fuel electricity generation), ethylene sources are both closely clustered and emit a large volume of CO2, and existing capture technology is cost-competitive when coupled with nearby EOR reservoirs. Our analysis describes the techno-economic potential of CO2 capture and EOR, the potential policy implications, and how the ethylene industry could be an ideal first-mover for jumpstarting commercial-scale CCS operations. As part of this analysis we identify the costs and CO2 flows for ethylene production and EOR across the Gulf Coast region. We introduce the concepts of "byproduct CO2" (CO2 as a byproduct or waste stream from an existing industry such as power generation) and "extracted CO2" (naturally-occurring CO2 extracted from subsurface reservoirs for EOR); extracted CO2 cannot decrease the carbon footprint of oil production, unlike byproduct CO2. We also suggest ethylene: CO2-EOR as a blueprint for other regional-scale byproduct CO2-E OR projects such as the Alberta oil sands, Marcellus and other U.S. shale fields, and large-scale coal-to-liquid and coal-to-chemical operations in China. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bielicki, Jeffrey M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bielicki, Jeffrey M.] Ohio State Univ, John Glenn Sch Publ Affairs, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Middleton, Richard S.; Stauffer, Phil] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Middleton, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rsm@lanl.gov RI Bielicki, Jeffrey/D-4239-2016; OI Bielicki, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8449-9328; Middleton, Richard/0000-0002-8039-6601; Stauffer, Philip/0000-0002-6976-221X NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 7215 EP 7224 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.757 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211507036 ER PT S AU Davidson, CL Dahowski, RT Dooley, JJ McGrail, BP AF Davidson, Casie L. Dahowski, Robert T. Dooley, James J. McGrail, B. Peter BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Modelling the deployment of CO2 storage in US gas-bearing shales SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE CCS; carbon sequestration; gas shales; CO2; enhanced recovery; deployment ID COST CURVE; CHINA; RECOVERY AB The proliferation of commercial development in U.S. gas-bearing shales helped to drive a twelve-fold increase in domestic gas production between 2000 and 2010, and the nation's gas production rates continue to grow. While shales have long been regarded as a desirable caprock for CCS operations because of their low permeability and porosity, there is increasing interest in the feasibility of injecting CO2 into shales to enhance methane recovery and augment CO2 storage. Laboratory work published in recent years observes that shales with adsorbed methane appear to exhibit a stronger affinity for CO2 adsorption, offering the potential to drive additional CH4 recovery beyond primary production and perhaps the potential to store a larger volume of CO2 than the volume of methane displaced. Recent research by the authors on the revenues associated with CO2-enhanced gas recovery (CO2-EGR) in gas-bearing shales estimates that, based on a range of EGR response rates, the average revenue per ton of CO2 for projects managed over both EGR and subsequent storage-only phases could range from $ 0.50 to $ 18/tCO(2). While perhaps not as profitable as EOR, for regions where lower-cost storage options may be limited, shales could represent another "early opportunity" storage option if proven feasible for reliable EGR and CO2 storage. Significant storage potential exists in gas shales, with theoretical CO2 storage resources estimated at approximately 30-50 GtCO(2). However, an analysis of the comprehensive cost competitiveness of these various options is necessary to understand the degree to which they might meaningfully impact U.S. CCS deployment or costs. This preliminary analysis shows that the degree to which EGR-based CO2 storage could play a role in commercial-scale deployment is heavily dependent upon the offsetting revenues associated with incremental recovery; modeling the low revenue case resulted in only five shale-based projects, while under the high revenue case, shales accounted for as much as 20 percent of total U.S. storage in the first 20 years of deployment. Interestingly, even in this highest revenue case, there appear to be no negative-cost projects that would be profitable in a no-policy environment as modeled under the assumptions employed. While this reflects a very first look at the potential for shales, it is clear that more laboratory and experimental work are needed to reduce uncertainty in key variables and begin to differentiate and identify high-potential shales for early pilot study. (C) 2014 Battelle Memorial Institute. Published by Elsevier Limited. C1 [Davidson, Casie L.; Dahowski, Robert T.; McGrail, B. Peter] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Dooley, James J.] Joint Global Change Res Inst, Pacif Northwest Natl Lab, College Pk, MD USA. RP Davidson, CL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM casie.davidson@pnnl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 7272 EP 7279 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.763 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211507042 ER PT S AU Wei, N Li, XC Liu, SN Dahowski, RT Davidson, CL AF Wei, Ning Li, Xiaochun Liu, Shengnan Dahowski, R. T. Davidson, C. L. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Early opportunities of CO2 geological storage deployment in coal chemical industry in China SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Coal chemical industry; Techno-economic evaluation; Carbon capture and geological storage; Early opportunities ID COST AB Carbon dioxide capture and geological storage (CCS) is regarded as a promising option for climate change mitigation; however, the high capture cost is the major barrier to large-scale deployment of CCS technologies. High-purity CO2 emission sources can reduce or even avoid the capture requirements and costs. Among these high-purity CO2 sources, certain coal chemical industry processes are very important, especially in China. In this paper, the basic characteristics of coal chemical industries in China is investigated and analyzed. As of 2013 there were more than 100 coal chemical plants in operation. These emission sources together emit 430 million tons CO2 per year, of which about 30% are emit high-purity and pure O-2 (CO2 concentration > 80% and > 98.5% respectively). Four typical source-sink pairs are chosen for techno-economic evaluation, including site screening and selection, source-sink matching, concept design, and economic evaluation. The technical-economic evaluation shows that the levelized cost of a CO2 capture and aquifer storage project in the coal chemistry industry ranges from 14 USD/t to 17 USD/t CO2. When a 15USD/t CO2 tax and 20USD/t for CO2 sold to EOR are considered, the levelized cost of CCS project are negative, which suggests a benefit from some of these CCS projects. This might provide China CCS projects in the near future. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wei, Ning; Li, Xiaochun; Liu, Shengnan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Dahowski, R. T.; Davidson, C. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wei, N (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. EM nwei@whrsm.ac.cn NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 7307 EP 7314 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.767 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211507046 ER PT S AU Gerdes, K Stevens, R Fout, T Fisher, J Hackett, G Shelton, W AF Gerdes, Kristin Stevens, Robert Fout, Timothy Fisher, James Hackett, Gregory Shelton, Walter BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Current and future power generation technologies: pathways to reducing the cost of carbon capture for coal-fueled power plants SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE combustion; gasification; coal; capture; carbon dioxide; IGCC; membrane; sorbent; turbine; fuel cell; syngas; efficiency; ultrasupercritical AB As part of the United States Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy, the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) implements research, development and demonstration (RD&D) that is focused on maximizing system efficiency and performance while minimizing the costs of coal-based power production with carbon capture and storage. In order to evaluate the benefits and market competitiveness of ongoing RD&D, NETL conducts engineering studies to evaluate the cost and performance of plants integrating multiple advanced technologies currently under development. This paper evaluates two different coal conversion pathways - combustion and gasification - and their potential to provide low-cost, low-carbon power from coal. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gerdes, Kristin; Stevens, Robert; Fout, Timothy; Fisher, James; Hackett, Gregory; Shelton, Walter] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Gerdes, K (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM Kristin.gerdes@netl.doe.gov OI Stevens, Robert/0000-0002-0864-6768 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 7541 EP 7557 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.790 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211507069 ER PT S AU Buscheck, TA Bielicki, JM Chen, MJ Sun, YW Hao, Y Edmunds, TA Saar, MO Randolph, JB AF Buscheck, Thomas A. Bielicki, Jeffrey M. Chen, Mingjie Sun, Yunwei Hao, Yue Edmunds, Thomas A. Saar, Martin O. Randolph, Jimmy B. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Integrating CO2 Storage with Geothermal Resources for Dispatchable Renewable Electricity SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Geothermal energy; bulk energy storage; thermal energy storage; parasitic load; geologic CO2 storage; CO2 utilization; brine utilization ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SALINE FORMATIONS; SYSTEMS; ENERGY; SEQUESTRATION; THERMOSIPHON; MANAGEMENT; CAPACITY; FLUID AB We present an approach that uses the huge fluid and thermal storage capacity of the subsurface, together with geologic CO2 storage, to harvest, store, and dispatch energy from subsurface (geothermal) and surface (solar, nuclear, fossil) thermal resources, as well as energy from electrical grids. Captured CO2 is injected into saline aquifers to store pressure, generate artesian flow of brine, and provide an additional working fluid for efficient heat extraction and power conversion. Concentric rings of injection and production wells are used to create a hydraulic divide to store pressure, CO2, and thermal energy. Such storage can take excess power from the grid and excess/waste thermal energy, and dispatch that energy when it is demanded, enabling increased penetration of variable renewables. Stored CO2 functions as a cushion gas to provide enormous pressure-storage capacity and displaces large quantities of brine, which can be desalinated and/or treated for a variety of beneficial uses. Geothermal power and energy-storage applications may generate enough revenues to justify CO2 capture costs. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Buscheck, Thomas A.; Chen, Mingjie; Sun, Yunwei; Hao, Yue; Edmunds, Thomas A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bielicki, Jeffrey M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bielicki, Jeffrey M.] Ohio State Univ, John Glenn Sch Publ Affairs, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Saar, Martin O.; Randolph, Jimmy B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55444 USA. [Saar, Martin O.] ETH, Dept Earth Sci, Geothermal Energy & Geofluids Grp, Zurich, CH, Switzerland. RP Buscheck, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM buscheck1@llnl.gov RI Saar, Martin/F-3542-2014; Bielicki, Jeffrey/D-4239-2016; Sun, Yunwei/C-9751-2010 OI Saar, Martin/0000-0002-4869-6452; Bielicki, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8449-9328; NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 7619 EP 7630 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.796 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211507075 ER PT S AU Zhang, L Luo, F Xu, RX Jiang, PX Liu, HH AF Zhang, Le Luo, Feng Xu, Ruina Jiang, Peixue Liu, Huihai BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Heat transfer and fluid transport of supercritical CO2 in enhanced geothermal system with local thermal non-equilibrium model SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Enhanced geothermal system; CO2; local thermal non-equilibrium ID WORKING FLUID AB The heat transfer and fluid transport of supercritical CO2 in enhanced geothermal system (EGS) is studied numerically with local thermal non-equilibrium model, which accounts for the temperature difference between solid matrix and fluid components in porous media and uses two energy equations to describe heat transfer in the solid matrix and in the fluid, respectively. As compared with the previous results of our research group, the effect of local thermal non-equilibrium mainly depends on the volumetric heat transfer coefficient ah, which has a significant effect on the production temperature at reservoir outlet and thermal breakthrough time. The uniformity of volumetric heat transfer coefficient ah has little influence on the thermal breakthrough time, but the temperature difference become more obvious with time after thermal breakthrough with this simulation model. The thermal breakthrough time reduces and the effect of local thermal non-equilibrium becomes significant with decreasing ah. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Le; Luo, Feng; Xu, Ruina; Jiang, Peixue] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing Key Lab Utilizat & Reduct Technol CO2, Key Lab Thermal Sci & Power Engn, Minist Educ,Dept Thermal Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Liu, Huihai] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, RX (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Beijing Key Lab Utilizat & Reduct Technol CO2, Key Lab Thermal Sci & Power Engn, Minist Educ,Dept Thermal Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM ruinaxu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 7644 EP 7650 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.798 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211507077 ER PT S AU Dai, ZX Viswanathan, H Fessenden-Rahn, J Middleton, R Pan, F Jia, W Lee, SY McPherson, B Ampomah, W Grigg, R AF Dai, Zhenxue Viswanathan, Hari Fessenden-Rahn, Julianna Middleton, Richard Pan, Feng Jia, Wei Lee, Si-Yong McPherson, Brian Ampomah, William Grigg, Reid BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Uncertainty quantification for CO2 sequestration and enhanced oil recovery SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Uncertainty quantification; CO2 sequestration; enhanced oil recovery; permeability; injectivity; oil/gas production; WAG; global sensitivity; response surface ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; GROUNDWATER RESOURCES; STORAGE CAPACITY; TRANSPORT; IMPACTS; SITE; IDENTIFICATION; PERMEABILITY; PARAMETERS; FLOW AB This study develops a statistical method to perform uncertainty quantification for understanding CO2 storage potential within an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) environment at the Farnsworth Unit of the Anadarko Basin in northern Texas. A set of geostatistical-based Monte Carlo simulations of CO2-oil-water flow and reactive transport in the Morrow formation are conducted for global sensitivity and statistical analysis of the major uncertainty metrics: net CO2 injection, cumulative oil production, cumulative gas (CH4) production, and net water injection. A global sensitivity and response surface analysis indicates that reservoir permeability, porosity, and thickness are the major intrinsic reservoir parameters that control net CO2 injection/storage and oil/gas recovery rates. The well spacing and the initial water saturation also have large impact on the oil/gas recovery rates. Further, this study has revealed key insights into the potential behavior and the operational parameters of CO2 sequestration at CO2-EOR sites, including the impact of reservoir characterization uncertainty; understanding this uncertainty is critical in terms of economic decision making and the cost-effectiveness of CO2 storage through EOR. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Dai, Zhenxue; Viswanathan, Hari; Fessenden-Rahn, Julianna; Middleton, Richard] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pan, Feng; Jia, Wei; McPherson, Brian] Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Lee, Si-Yong] Schlumberger Carbon Serv, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ampomah, William; Grigg, Reid] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Petr Recovery Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Dai, ZX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM daiz@lanl.gov OI Middleton, Richard/0000-0002-8039-6601; Dai, Zhenxue/0000-0002-0805-7621 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 7685 EP 7693 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.802 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211507081 ER PT S AU Middleton, R Viswanathan, H Currier, R Gupta, R AF Middleton, Richard Viswanathan, Hari Currier, Robert Gupta, Rajan BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI CO2 as a fracturing fluid: Potential for commercial-scale shale gas production and CO2 sequestration SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE Shale gas; hydraulic fracturing; supercritical CO2 AB Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling has led to a shale gas energy boom in the United States. In addition to decreasing domestic energy costs, shale gas production has substantially reduced domestic CO2 emissions, largely due to natural gas displacing coal-fired electricity generation. Water is the principal component of working fluids used for commercial hydraulic fracturing, along with other constituent chemicals and substances to enhance fracture propagation/longevity and propping agent (e.g., sand) transport. Industry, policy makers, and other stakeholders are aware of potential disadvantages of aqueous fracturing fluids, including water scarcity, environmental impact from constituent chemicals, and poor fracture performance. To address these problems we are undertaking a study using supercritical CO2 as a replacement working fluid. Supercritical CO2 has many potential benefits and drawbacks compared with water as a fracturing fluid; it may increase gas production through several coupled processes including enhanced fracturing, reduced flow blocking, and miscibility with in-place hydrocarbons, as well as challenges such as economics, resource availability, and assurances that the CO2 is safely sequestered in the target formation. Through a combination of basic experiments, modelling, and historical research, we formally address these issues. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Middleton, Richard; Viswanathan, Hari; Currier, Robert; Gupta, Rajan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Middleton, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rsm@lanl.gov OI Middleton, Richard/0000-0002-8039-6601; Gupta, Rajan/0000-0003-1784-3058 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 7780 EP 7784 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.812 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211507091 ER PT S AU Schaef, HT Davidson, CL Owen, AT Miller, QRS Loring, JS Thompson, CJ Bacon, DH Glezakou, VA McGrail, BP AF Schaef, H. Todd Davidson, Casie L. Owen, A. Toni Miller, Quin R. S. Loring, John S. Thompson, Christopher J. Bacon, Diana H. Glezakou, Vanda A. McGrail, B. Pete BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI CO2 Utilization and Storage in Shale Gas Reservoirs: Experimental Results and Economic Impacts SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE carbon sequestration; clay minerals; wet supercritical carbon dioxide ID SOCIETY SOURCE CLAYS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIGH-PRESSURE ADSORPTION; BASE-LINE; IN-SITU; MONTMORILLONITE; MINERALS; SEQUESTRATION; KAOLINITE AB Natural gas is considered a cleaner and lower-emission fuel than coal, and its high abundance from advanced drilling techniques has positioned natural gas as a major alternative energy source for the U.S. However, each ton of CO2 emitted from any type of fossil fuel combustion will continue to increase global atmospheric concentrations. One unique approach to reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions involves coupling CO2 based enhanced gas recovery (EGR) operations in depleted shale gas reservoirs with long-term CO2 storage operations. In this paper, we report unique findings about the interactions between important shale minerals and sorbing gases (CH4 and CO2) and associated economic consequences. Where enhanced condensation of CO2 followed by desorption on clay surface is observed under supercritical conditions, a linear sorption profile emerges for CH. Volumetric changes to montmorillonites occur during exposure to CO2. Theory-based simulations identify interactions with interlayer cations as energetically favorable for CO2 intercalation. In contrast, experimental evidence suggests CH4 does not occupy the interlayer and has only the propensity for surface adsorption. Mixed CH4:CO2 gas systems, where CH4 concentrations prevail, indicate preferential CO2 sorption as determined by in situ infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Collectively, these laboratory studies combined with a cost-based economic analysis provide a basis for identifVing favorable CO2-EOR opportunities in previously fractured shale gas reservoirs approaching final stages of primary gas production. Moreover, utilization of site-specific laboratory measurements in reservoir simulators provides insight into optimum injection strategies for maximizing CH4/CO2, exchange rates to obtain peak natural gas production. (C) 2014 Battelle Memorial institute and the Authors. Published by Elsevier Limited. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Schaef, H. Todd; Davidson, Casie L.; Owen, A. Toni; Loring, John S.; Thompson, Christopher J.; Bacon, Diana H.; Glezakou, Vanda A.; McGrail, B. Pete] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Miller, Quin R. S.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Schaef, HT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM todd.schaef@pnnl.gov OI Bacon, Diana/0000-0001-9122-5333 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 7844 EP 7851 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.819 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211507098 ER PT S AU White, MD McPherson, BJ Grigg, RB Ampomah, W Appold, MS AF White, M. D. McPherson, B. J. Grigg, R. B. Ampomah, W. Appold, M. S. BE Dixon, T Herzog, H Twinning, S TI Numerical Simulation of Carbon Dioxide Injection in the Western Section of the Farnsworth Unit SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Austin, TX DE enhanced oil recovery; carbon sequestration; numerical simulation; Farnsworth Unit ID 3-PHASE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY; EQUATION; CO2; SEQUESTRATION; STATE AB Numerical simulation is an invaluable analytical tool for scientists and engineers in making predictions about of the fate of carbon dioxide injected into deep geologic formations for long-term storage. Current numerical simulators for assessing storage in deep saline formations have capabilities for modeling strongly coupled processes involving multifluid flow, heat transfer, chemistry, and rock mechanics in geologic media. Except for moderate pressure conditions, numerical simulators for deep saline formations only require the tracking of two immiscible phases and a limited number of phase components, beyond those comprising the geochemical reactive system. The requirements for numerically simulating the utilization and storage of carbon dioxide in partially depleted petroleum reservoirs are more numerous than those for deep saline formations. The minimum number of immiscible phases increases to three, the number of phase components may easily increase fourfold, and the coupled processes of heat transfer, geochemistry, and geomechanics remain. Public and scientific confidence in the ability of numerical simulators used for carbon dioxide sequestration in deep saline formations has advanced via a natural progression of the simulators being proven against benchmark problems, code comparisons, laboratory-scale experiments, pilot-scale injections, and commercial-scale injections. This paper describes a new numerical simulator for the scientific investigation of carbon dioxide utilization and storage in partially depleted petroleum reservoirs, with an emphasis on its unique features for scientific investigations. The mathematical foundations of this new simulator for enhanced oil recovery are those of the simulators developed for carbon sequestration in deep saline reservoirs, altered to consider the increased number of potential phases and compositional aspects by considering the oil in the system. As a demonstration of the simulator, a numerical simulation of carbon dioxide utilization for enhanced oil recovery in the western section of the Farnsworth Unit, representing an early stage in the progression of numerical simulators for carbon utilization and storage in depleted oil reservoirs. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [White, M. D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [McPherson, B. J.] Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Grigg, R. B.; Ampomah, W.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Petr Recovery Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Appold, M. S.] Univ Missouri, Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP White, MD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mark.white@pnnl.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 63 BP 7891 EP 7912 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.825 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BD4YR UT WOS:000361211508005 ER PT S AU Liu, YX Li, ML Kim, DW Gu, S Parkinson, DY Blair, J Tu, KN AF Liu, Yingxia Li, Menglu Kim, Dong Wook Gu, Sam Parkinson, Dilworth Y. Blair, Jutin Tu, K. N. GP IEEE TI Filler Trap and Solder Extrusion in 3D IC Thermo-compression Bonded Microbumps SO 2014 IEEE 64TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 64th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 27-30, 2014 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc ID ELECTROMIGRATION; INTEGRATION; JOINTS AB As the Moore's law is drawing to an end, there is a growing consensus that 3D stacking of Si integrated circuit chips is necessary to continue the current technological trend. In our work, a test 3D IC structure is successfully achieved and the effect of filler trap on microbump of solder joints will be discussed. In our test samples, the two Si chips are connected through thermo-compression bonding of 20 mu m diameter microbumps. After bonding the two chips together, some underfill materials are found to stay on the interface of joining in the microbumps; the residual underfill in the microbump is defined as "filler trap". Together with the formation of filler trap, a ring-type solder extrusion also forms on the circumference of the microbump. Although the filler trap is an electrical insulator, it has been found that the solder extrusion is a good electricity conductor. But the filler trap in solder can cause a detour of electric current path in solder. The detoured current potentially increases current crowding in the joint which might be accelerating electromigration. To investigate this potential issue, specially processed test vehicle which intentionally has higher filler traps and solder protrusion was fabricated for easier detection. The synchrotron radiation x-ray tomography results show that the solder extrusion in microbumps have a random shape, which may cause a random distribution of early failure in electromigration. C1 [Liu, Yingxia; Li, Menglu; Tu, K. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept MSE, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kim, Dong Wook; Gu, Sam] Qualcomm, San Jose, CA 92121 USA. [Parkinson, Dilworth Y.; Blair, Jutin] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, YX (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept MSE, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM kntu@ucla.edu RI Parkinson, Dilworth/A-2974-2015 OI Parkinson, Dilworth/0000-0002-1817-0716 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 978-1-4799-2407-3 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2014 BP 609 EP 612 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD5KY UT WOS:000361546100091 ER PT S AU Li, Y Pacheco, M Goyal, D Elmer, JW Barth, HD Parkinson, D AF Li, Yan Pacheco, Mario Goyal, Deepak Elmer, John W. Barth, Holly D. Parkinson, Dula GP IEEE TI High Resolution and Fast Throughput-time X-ray Computed Tomography for Semiconductor Packaging Applications SO 2014 IEEE 64TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 64th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 27-30, 2014 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc AB The recent applications of 3D X-ray computed tomography (CT) in microelectronic packages, including non-destructive failure analysis, defect monitoring in solder joints and Cu vias, and progressive reliability study of solder voids, electron migration induced void nucleation in solder joints, and void evolution in Cu vias are reviewed. The high resolution and non-destructive 3D X-ray CT data has proven to be highly valuable in package assembly process development, quality control and reliability risk assessment; however, the field of view of current lab-scale 3D X-ray CT technology is limited to about 1-2mm(2) localized area at micron level resolution, due to its low brightness and non-parallel X-ray beam resulting in long data acquisition time. Synchrotron X-ray sources, on the other hand, can provide large area collimated beams with high brightness, which allows imaging within 3-20 minutes an entire 3D package, including Si, underfill, multiple levels of solder joints, and dielectric layers, Cu vias as well as through holes in multiple substrates. The limitation of current 3D X-ray CT techniques as well as directions for next generation 3D X-ray CT techniques provided by the synchrotron X-ray study of 3D packages are discussed in this paper. C1 [Li, Yan; Pacheco, Mario; Goyal, Deepak] Intel Corp, Assembly Test & Technol Dev Failure Anal Labs, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. [Elmer, John W.; Barth, Holly D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Parkinson, Dula] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Intel Corp, Assembly Test & Technol Dev Failure Anal Labs, 5000 W Chandler BLVD, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. EM mario.pacheco@intel.com RI Parkinson, Dilworth/A-2974-2015 OI Parkinson, Dilworth/0000-0002-1817-0716 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 978-1-4799-2407-3 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2014 BP 1457 EP 1463 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD5KY UT WOS:000361546100227 ER PT S AU Okoro, C Leyine, LE Xu, RQ Hummler, K Obeng, Y AF Okoro, Chukwudi Leyine, Lyle E. Xu, Ruqing Hummler, Klaus Obeng, Yaw GP IEEE TI X-Ray Micro-Beam Diffraction Measurement of the Effect of Thermal Cycling on Stress in Cu TSV: A Comparative Study SO 2014 IEEE 64TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 64th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 27-30, 2014 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc ID FAILURE ANALYSIS; THROUGH-SILICON; FILMS; FATIGUE AB Microelectronic devices are subjected to constantly varying temperature conditions during their operational lifetime, which can lead to their failure. In this study, we examined the impact of thermal cycling on the evolution of stresses in Cu TSVs using synchrotron-based X-ray micro-diffraction. Two test conditions were analyzed: as-received and 1000 cycled samples. The principal and shear stresses in the 1000 cycled sample were five times greater than in the as-received sample. This was attributed to the increased strain hardening upon thermal cycling. The variation in stresses with thermal cycling is a clear indication that the impact of Cu TSV proximity on front-end-of-line (FEOL) device performance will fluctuate throughout the lifetime of the 3D stacked dies, and thus should be accounted for during FEOL keep-out-zone design rule development. C1 [Okoro, Chukwudi; Obeng, Yaw] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leyine, Lyle E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Ruqing] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hummler, Klaus] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Okoro, C (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chukwudi.okoro@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 978-1-4799-2407-3 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2014 BP 1648 EP 1651 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD5KY UT WOS:000361546100258 ER PT J AU Jiang, HG Zhang, JJ Gao, DW Zhang, YC Muljadi, E AF Jiang, Huaiguang Zhang, Jun Jason Gao, David Wenzhong Zhang, Yingchen Muljadi, Eduard GP IEEE TI Synchrophasor Based Auxiliary Controller to Enhance Power System Transient Voltage Stability in a High Penetration Renewable Energy Scenario SO 2014 IEEE SYMPOSIUM POWER ELECTRONICS AND MACHINES FOR WIND AND WATER APPLICATIONS (PEMWA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Power Electronics and Machines for Wind and Water Applications (IEEE PEMWA) CY JUL 24-26, 2014 CL Milwaukee, WI SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE Support vector machine; multiple-input and multiple-output control; model predictive control; wind power plant ID PREDICTIVE CONTROL; OBSERVABILITY AB An auxiliary coordinated control approach focusing on transient voltage stability is proposed in this paper. The concept is based on support vector machine (SVM) classifier and multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) model predictive control (MPC) on the high penetration renewable power system. To achieve the objective, the voltage stability condition of the power system is predicted by the SVM classifier first, using measured synchrophasor data in the power system. Next, the control strategy is triggered by the prediction results. The designed auxiliary MPC strategy will augment the existing control variables aiming to keep transient voltage stability. To validate the proposed approach, the Kundur two-area power system with a wind plant is built and the numerical results demonstrate the feasibility, effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. C1 [Jiang, Huaiguang; Zhang, Jun Jason; Gao, David Wenzhong] Univ Denver, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Zhang, Yingchen; Muljadi, Eduard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Jiang, HG (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5138-3 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD5KU UT WOS:000361539000002 ER PT J AU Kim, J Park, G Kang, YC Lee, B Muljadi, E AF Kim, Jinho Park, Geon Kang, Yong Cheol Lee, Byongjun Muljadi, Edward GP IEEE TI Voltage Control of a Wind Power Plant Using the Adaptive Q-V Characteristic of DFIGs SO 2014 IEEE SYMPOSIUM POWER ELECTRONICS AND MACHINES FOR WIND AND WATER APPLICATIONS (PEMWA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Power Electronics and Machines for Wind and Water Applications (IEEE PEMWA) CY JUL 24-26, 2014 CL Milwaukee, WI SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB For the stable operation of a grid, the voltages of all buses in the grid should be maintained within an acceptable range. For a grid with high wind penetration, wind power plants (WPPs) are required to have the capability to maintain the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). Wind generators in a WPP produce the different active power due to the wake effects and consequently contain different reactive power availability. This paper proposes a voltage control scheme of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based WPP using the adaptive reactive power-voltage (Q-V) characteristic of DFIGs. The WPP controller calculates a voltage error signal using a PI controller and sends it to each DFIG. From the voltage error signal, the DFIG injects the reactive power based on its adaptive Q-V characteristic, which depends on the available reactive power. The proposed scheme adjusts the Q-V characteristic depending on the operating condition of a DFIG. The proposed scheme enables the WPP to recover the PCC voltage to the nominal value within a short time after a disturbance by utilizing the reactive power capability of a WPP. The performance of the scheme was investigated for a 100 MW WPP consisting of 20 units of a 5 MW DFIG for a grid fault condition. The results show the proposed scheme successfully recovers the PCC voltage within a short time after a disturbance. C1 [Kim, Jinho; Park, Geon; Kang, Yong Cheol] Chonbuk Natl Univ, WeGAT Res Ctr, Smart Grid Res Ctr, Jeonju, South Korea. [Lee, Byongjun] Korea Univ, WeGAT Res Ctr, Jeonju, South Korea. [Muljadi, Edward] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Chonbuk Natl Univ, WeGAT Res Ctr, Smart Grid Res Ctr, Jeonju, South Korea. EM jkim@jbnu.ac.kr; powerupme@jbnu.ac.kr; yckang@jbnu.ac.kr; leeb@korea.ac.kr; eduard.muljadi@nrel.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5138-3 PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD5KU UT WOS:000361539000013 ER PT J AU Lee, J Kang, YC Muljadi, E Sorensen, P AF Lee, Jinsik Kang, Yong Cheol Muljadi, Edward Sorensen, Poul GP IEEE TI Droop Assignment Algorithm for the Inertial Control of a DFIG-based Wind Power Plant for Supporting the Grid Frequency SO 2014 IEEE SYMPOSIUM POWER ELECTRONICS AND MACHINES FOR WIND AND WATER APPLICATIONS (PEMWA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Power Electronics and Machines for Wind and Water Applications (IEEE PEMWA) CY JUL 24-26, 2014 CL Milwaukee, WI SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc ID TURBINES AB In a wind power plant (WPP) consisting of multiple wind generators (WGs), the wind speed of WGs at the downstream side decreases due to the wake effect, and thus their rotor speeds are smaller than those of the upstream WGs because of an MPPT operation. Therefore, WGs in a WPP have different amount of the kinetic energy stored in their rotating masses. This paper proposes a droop assignment algorithm for the inertial control of a doubly-fed induction generator-based WPP to support the grid frequency during the large disturbance. This paper assumes that a WG in the WPP has two supplementary loops for the inertial control, i.e. the frequency deviation loop and the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) loop. In order to give more contribution on supporting the frequency stability by temporarily releasing more kinetic energy, the proposed algorithm assigns the droop of each WG depending on the rotor speed, while the same gains of the ROCOF loop are set for all WGs. In addition, the wake wind speed arriving at the WG is calculated by considering the wind direction and cumulative impacts of multiple shadowing. The performance of the algorithm was investigated under various wind conditions using an EMTP simulator. The results clearly indicate that the algorithm successfully improves the frequency nadir because WGs with higher wind speeds temporarily releases more kinetic energy. C1 [Lee, Jinsik; Kang, Yong Cheol] Chonbuk Natl Univ, WeGAT Res Ctr, Jeonju, Jeollabuk Do, South Korea. [Lee, Jinsik; Kang, Yong Cheol] Smart Grid Res Ctr, Jeonju, South Korea. [Muljadi, Edward] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Sorensen, Poul] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Wind Energy, Lyngby, Denmark. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Chonbuk Natl Univ, WeGAT Res Ctr, Jeonju, Jeollabuk Do, South Korea. EM jinsiklee@jbnu.ac.kr; yckang@jbnu.ac.kr; eduard.muljadi@nrel.gov; posq@dtu.dk RI Sorensen, Poul/C-6263-2008 OI Sorensen, Poul/0000-0001-5612-6284 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5138-3 PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD5KU UT WOS:000361539000006 ER PT J AU Singh, M Allen, A Muljadi, E Gevorgian, V AF Singh, M. Allen, A. Muljadi, E. Gevorgian, V. GP IEEE TI Oscillation Damping: A Comparison of Wind and Photovoltaic Power Plant Capabilities SO 2014 IEEE SYMPOSIUM POWER ELECTRONICS AND MACHINES FOR WIND AND WATER APPLICATIONS (PEMWA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Power Electronics and Machines for Wind and Water Applications (IEEE PEMWA) CY JUL 24-26, 2014 CL Milwaukee, WI SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE Wind power generation; photovoltaic power generation; power system oscillations; power system stability ID PRIMARY FREQUENCY CONTROL; TURBINES; GENERATION; INERTIA; SUPPORT AB This paper investigates the potential for wind power plants (WPPs) and photovoltaic power plants (PVPs) to damp inter-area oscillations. Inter-area oscillations may be the result of a single or a group of generators oscillating against another group of generators across a weak transmission link. If poorly damped, these power system oscillations can cause system instability and potentially lead to blackouts. Power conversion devices, particularly megawatt-scale converters that connect wind turbines and photovoltaic power plants to the grid, could be used to damp these oscillations by injecting power into the system out of phase with the potentially unstable mode. Over time, the net energy injection is near zero; therefore, providing this "static damping" capability is not expected to affect annual energy production. However, WPPs and PVPs have different capabilities due to the inherent physical nature of these plants. WPPs have some energy stored in the rotating masses of the turbines, while PVPs have no such stored energy. Thus the challenge of providing oscillation damping services will have to be approached differently for WPPs and PVPPs. In this work strategies for providing oscillation damping services from WPPs and PVPs are compared and contrasted. Kundur's well-known two-area, four-generator system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC. The WPP and PVP models are based on the Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC) standard models. Controllers to damp inter-area oscillations are developed and added to the WECC WPP and PVP models, and their effects are studied. Analysis is performed on the data generated by the simulations. C1 [Singh, M.; Allen, A.; Muljadi, E.; Gevorgian, V.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM eduard.muljadi@nrel.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5138-3 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD5KU UT WOS:000361539000001 ER PT J AU Hukerikar, S Diniz, PC Lucas, RF Teranishi, K AF Hukerikar, Saurabh Diniz, Pedro C. Lucas, Robert F. Teranishi, Keita BE Smari, WW TI Opportunistic Application-level Fault Detection through Adaptive Redundant Multithreading SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING & SIMULATION (HPCS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS) CY JUL 21-25, 2014 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Altair, PBS Works, E4 Comp Engn, Eurotech, Grid Telekom, HUAWEI Technologies Co Ltd, IBM, Intel Corp, Nice Software, Nvidia, PRACE, UnipolSai Assicurazioni, Yahoo Corp, IEEE AB As the scale and complexity of future High Performance Computing systems continues to grow, the rising frequency of faults and errors and their impact on HPC applications will make it increasingly difficult to accomplish useful computation. Traditional means of fault detection and correction are either hardware based or use software based redundancy. Redundancy based approaches usually entail complete replication of the program state or the computation and therefore incurs substantial overhead to application performance. Therefore, the wide-scale use of full redundancy in future exascale class systems is not a viable solution for error detection and correction. In this paper we present an application level fault detection approach that is based on adaptive redundant multithreading. Through a language level directive, the programmer can define structured code blocks. When these blocks are executed by multiple threads and their outputs compared, we can detect errors in specific parts of the program state that will ultimately determine the correctness of the application outcome. The compiler outlines such code blocks and a runtime system reasons whether their execution by redundant threads should enabled/disabled by continuously observing and learning about the fault tolerance state of the system. By providing flexible building blocks for application specific fault detection, our approach makes possible more reasonable performance overheads than full redundancy. Our results show that the overheads to application performance are in the range of 4% to 70% due to runtime system being continuously aware of the rate and source of system faults, rather than the usual overhead in the excess of 100% that is incurred by complete replication. C1 [Hukerikar, Saurabh; Diniz, Pedro C.; Lucas, Robert F.] Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. [Teranishi, Keita] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Hukerikar, S (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. EM saurabh@isi.edu; pedro@isi.edu; rflucas@isi.edu; knteran@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5313-4 PY 2014 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4WA UT WOS:000361141700031 ER PT J AU Fiore, S D'Anca, A Elia, D Palazzo, C Foster, I Williams, D Aloisio, G AF Fiore, Sandro D'Anca, Alessandro Elia, Donatello Palazzo, Cosimo Foster, Ian Williams, Dean Aloisio, Giovanni BE Smari, WW TI Ophidia: a full software stack for scientific data analytics SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING & SIMULATION (HPCS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS) CY JUL 21-25, 2014 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Altair, PBS Works, E4 Comp Engn, Eurotech, Grid Telekom, HUAWEI Technologies Co Ltd, IBM, Intel Corp, Nice Software, Nvidia, PRACE, UnipolSai Assicurazioni, Yahoo Corp, IEEE DE multidimensional data; big data; data analytics; scientific workflow; software infrastructure ID DATA-MANAGEMENT; ESCIENCE AB The Ophidia project aims to provide a big data analytics platform solution that addresses scientific use cases related to large volumes of multidimensional data. In this work, the Ophidia software infrastructure is discussed in detail, presenting the entire software stack from level-0 (the Ophidia data store) to level-3 (the Ophidia web service front end). In particular, this paper presents the big data cube primitives provided by the Ophidia framework, discussing in detail the most relevant and available data cube manipulation operators. These primitives represent the proper foundations to build more complex data cube operators like the apex one presented in this paper. A massive data reduction experiment on a 1TB climate dataset is also presented to demonstrate the apex workflow in the context of the proposed framework. C1 [Fiore, Sandro; D'Anca, Alessandro; Elia, Donatello; Palazzo, Cosimo] Cent Euro Mediterraneo Cambiamenti Climatici, Lecce, Italy. [Foster, Ian] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Foster, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. [Williams, Dean] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Aloisio, Giovanni] Univ Salento, Lecce, Italy. [Aloisio, Giovanni] Ctr Euro Mediterraneo Cambiamenti Climatici, Lecce, Italy. RP Fiore, S (reprint author), Cent Euro Mediterraneo Cambiamenti Climatici, Lecce, Italy. RI Aloisio, Giovanni/D-4196-2015 OI Aloisio, Giovanni/0000-0001-5902-6983 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5313-4 PY 2014 BP 343 EP 350 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4WA UT WOS:000361141700045 ER PT J AU Campbell, S AF Campbell, Scott BE Smari, WW TI Open Science, Open Security SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING & SIMULATION (HPCS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS) CY JUL 21-25, 2014 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Altair, PBS Works, E4 Comp Engn, Eurotech, Grid Telekom, HUAWEI Technologies Co Ltd, IBM, Intel Corp, Nice Software, Nvidia, PRACE, UnipolSai Assicurazioni, Yahoo Corp, IEEE DE Intrusion Detection; Security; High Performance Computing AB We propose that to address the growing problems with complexity and data volumes in HPC security wee need to refactor how we look at data by creating tools that not only select data, but analyze and represent it in a manner well suited for intuitive analysis. We propose a set of rules describing what this means, and provide a number of production quality tools that represent our current best effort in implementing these ideas. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Campbell, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM scampbell@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5313-4 PY 2014 BP 584 EP 587 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4WA UT WOS:000361141700077 ER PT B AU Ledesma-Orozco, ER Salazar-Garibay, A Aceves, SM Espinosa-Loza, F AF Ledesma-Orozco, E. R. Salazar-Garibay, A. Aceves, S. M. Espinosa-Loza, F. GP ASME TI CFD ANALYSIS OF A CRYOGENIC PRESSURE VESSEL HYDROGEN LEAK SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 15 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME ID SIMULATION; RELEASE AB This paper reports the numerical simulation of the sudden hydrogen release from a cryogenic pressure vessel due to a broken tube where hydrogen vents into the vacuum jacket. Real gas effects are considered and the specific "vessel within vessel" geometry of cryogenic vessels. For practical reasons, this study focuses on hydrogen release from 34.5 MPa, with initial temperatures of 62 K and 300 K. The high pressure vessel internal volume is 151 L. Pressure versus time graphs indicate that the vacuum jacket resist the pressure build up until reaching the rupture disc setting to finally release into the atmosphere, and a comparative of this result with the ASME Code burst pressure calculation is presented. C1 [Ledesma-Orozco, E. R.; Salazar-Garibay, A.] Univ Guanajuato, DICIS, Dept Mech Engn, Guanajuato, Mexico. [Aceves, S. M.; Espinosa-Loza, F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ledesma-Orozco, ER (reprint author), Univ Guanajuato, DICIS, Dept Mech Engn, Guanajuato, Mexico. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5644-4 PY 2014 AR V015T16A029 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD4KL UT WOS:000360871300051 ER PT B AU DeVoto, D Paret, P Narumanchi, S Mihalic, M AF DeVoto, Douglas Paret, Paul Narumanchi, Sreekant Mihalic, Mark GP ASME TI RELIABILITY OF BONDED INTERFACES FOR AUTOMOTIVE POWER ELECTRONICS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON PACKAGING AND INTEGRATION OF ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC MICROSYSTEMS, 2013, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems CY JUL 16-18, 2013 CL Burlingame, CA SP ASME, Elect & Photon Packag Div ID JOINTS; MODEL AB In automotive power electronics packages, conventional thermal interface materials such as greases, gels, and phase change materials pose bottlenecks to heat removal and are also associated with reliability concerns. There is an industry trend towards high thermal performance bonded interfaces. However, due to coefficient of thermal expansion mismatches between materials/layers and resultant thermomechanical stresses, adhesive and cohesive fractures could occur, posing a problem from a reliability standpoint. These defects manifest themselves in increased thermal resistance in the package. The objective of this research is to investigate and improve the thermal performance and reliability of emerging bonded interface materials for power electronics packaging applications. We present results for thermal performance and reliability of bonded interfaces based on thermoplastic (polyamide) adhesive, with embedded near-vertical aligned carbon fibers, as well as sintered silver material. The results for these two materials are compared to conventional lead-based (Sn63Pb37) bonded interfaces. These materials were bonded between 50.8-mm x 50.8-mm cross-sectional footprint silicon nitride substrates and copper base plate samples. Samples of the substrate/base plate bonded assembly underwent thermal cycling from -40 degrees C to 150 degrees C according to Joint Electron Devices Engineering Council standard Number 22-A104D for up to 2,000 cycles. The dwell time of the cycle was 10 minutes and the ramp rate was 5 degrees C/minute. Damage was monitored every 100 cycles by acoustic microscopy as an indicator of an increase in thermal resistance of the interface layer. The acoustic microscopic images of the bonded interfaces after 2,000 thermal cycles showed that thermoplastics with embedded carbon fibers performed quite well with no defects, whereas interface delamination occurred in the case of sintered silver material. Both these materials showed a superior bond quality as compared to the lead-based solder interface even after 1,000 thermal cycles. C1 [DeVoto, Douglas; Paret, Paul; Narumanchi, Sreekant; Mihalic, Mark] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP DeVoto, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM Douglas.DeVoto@nrel.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5575-1 PY 2014 AR V001T05A004 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science GA BD5JG UT WOS:000361499600045 ER PT B AU Neilsen, M Vianco, P AF Neilsen, Michael Vianco, Paul GP ASME TI UNIFIED CREEP PLASTICITY DAMAGE (UCPD) MODEL FOR SAC396 SOLDER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON PACKAGING AND INTEGRATION OF ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC MICROSYSTEMS, 2013, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems CY JUL 16-18, 2013 CL Burlingame, CA SP ASME, Elect & Photon Package Div AB A unified creep plasticity damage (UCPD) model for Sn-Pb and Pb-free solders was developed and implemented into finite element analysis codes. The new model will be described along with the relationship between the model's damage evolution equation and an empirical Coffin-Manson relationship for solder fatigue.,Next, developments needed to model crack initiation and growth in solder joints will be described. Finally, experimentally observed cracks in typical solder joints subjected to thermal mechanical fatigue are compared with model predictions. Finite element based modeling is particularly suited for predicting solder joint fatigue of advanced electronics packaging, e.g. package-on-package (PoP), because it allows for evaluation of a variety of package materials and geometries. C1 [Neilsen, Michael; Vianco, Paul] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Neilsen, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5575-1 PY 2014 AR V001T04A004 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science GA BD5JG UT WOS:000361499600020 ER PT S AU Tiwari, D Gupta, S Vazhkudai, SS AF Tiwari, Devesh Gupta, Saurabh Vazhkudai, Sudharshan S. GP IEEE TI Lazy Checkpointing : Exploiting Temporal Locality in Failures to Mitigate Checkpointing Overheads on Extreme-Scale Systems SO 2014 44TH ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (DSN) SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN) CY JUN 23-26, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc ID FAULT-TOLERANCE; PERFORMANCE; INTERVAL AB Continuing increase in the computational power of supercomputers has enabled large-scale scientific applications in the areas of astrophysics, fusion, climate and combustion to run larger and longer-running simulations, facilitating deeper scientific insights. However, these long-running simulations are often interrupted by multiple system failures. Therefore, these applications rely on "checkpointing" as a resilience mechanism to store application state to permanent storage and recover from failures. Unfortunately, checkpointing incurs excessive I/O overhead on supercomputers due to large size of checkpoints, resulting in a suboptimal performance and resource utilization. In this paper, we devise novel mechanisms to show how checkpointing overhead can be mitigated significantly by exploiting the temporal characteristics of system failures. We provide new insights and detailed quantitative understanding of the checkpointing overheads and trade-offs on large-scale machines. Our prototype implementation shows the viability of our approach on extreme-scale machines. C1 [Tiwari, Devesh; Gupta, Saurabh; Vazhkudai, Sudharshan S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tiwari, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tiwari@ornl.gov; guptas1@ornl.gov; vazhkudaiss@ornl.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-0889 BN 978-1-4799-2233-8 J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO PY 2014 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1109/DSN.2014.101 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4SO UT WOS:000361050800003 ER PT S AU Ibtesham, D DeBonis, D Arnold, D Ferreira, KB AF Ibtesham, Dewan DeBonis, David Arnold, Dorian Ferreira, Kurt B. GP IEEE TI Coarse-grained Energy Modeling of Rollback/Recovery Mechanisms SO 2014 44TH ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (DSN) SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN) CY JUN 23-26, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc AB As high-performance computing systems continue to grow in size and complexity, energy efficiency and reliability have emerged as first-order concerns. Researchers have shown that data movement is a significant contributing factor to power consumption on these systems. Additionally, rollback/recovery protocols like checkpoint/restart can generate large volumes of data traffic exacerbating the energy and power concerns. In this work, we show that a coarse-grained model can be used effectively to speculate about the energy footprints of rollback/recovery protocols. Using our validated model, we evaluate the energy footprint of checkpoint compression, a method that incurs higher computational demand to reduce data volumes and data traffic. Specifically, we show that while checkpoint compression leads to more frequent checkpoints (as per the optimal checkpoint frequency) and increases per checkpoint energy cost, compression still yields a decrease in total application energy consumption due to the overall runtime decrease. C1 [Ibtesham, Dewan; DeBonis, David; Arnold, Dorian] Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ferreira, Kurt B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Syst Software Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ibtesham, D (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM dewan@cs.unm.edu; ddebonis@cs.unm.edu; darnold@cs.unm.edu; kbferre@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-0889 BN 978-1-4799-2233-8 J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO PY 2014 BP 708 EP 713 DI 10.1109/DSN.2014.71 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4SO UT WOS:000361050800068 ER PT S AU Huang, B Sass, R DeBardeleben, N Blanchard, S AF Huang, Bin Sass, Ron DeBardeleben, Nathan Blanchard, Sean GP IEEE TI Harnessing Unreliable Cores In Heterogeneous Architecture: The PyDac Programming Model and Runtime SO 2014 44TH ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (DSN) SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN) CY JUN 23-26, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc DE Heterogeneous Many-core Processor; Task-based Programming Model; Soft Error; Resilience; Fault Tolerance AB Heterogeneous many-core architectures combined with scratch-pad memories are attractive because they promise better energy efficiency than conventional architectures and a good balance between single-thread performance and multithread throughput. However, programmers will need an environment for finding and managing the large degree of parallelism, locality, and system resilience. We propose a Python-based task parallel programming model called PyDac to support these objectives. PyDac provides a two-level programming model based on the divide-and-conquer strategy. The PyDac runtime system allows threads to be run on unreliable hardware by dynamically checking the results without involvement from the programmer. To test this programming model and runtime, an unconventional heterogeneous architecture consisting of PowerPC and ARM cores was developed and emulated on an FPGA device. We inject faults during the execution of micro-benchmarks and show that through the use of double and triple modular redundancy we are able to complete the benchmarks with the correct results while only incurring a proportional performance penalty. C1 [Huang, Bin; Sass, Ron] Univ N Carolina, Reconfigurable Comp Syst Lab, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [DeBardeleben, Nathan; Blanchard, Sean] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ultrascale Syst Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Huang, B (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Reconfigurable Comp Syst Lab, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM bhuang2@uncc.edu; rsass@uncc.edu; ndebard@lanl.gov; seanb@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-0889 BN 978-1-4799-2233-8 J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO PY 2014 BP 744 EP 749 DI 10.1109/DSN.2014.77 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4SO UT WOS:000361050800074 ER PT S AU Hassani, A Skjellum, A Brightwell, R AF Hassani, Amin Skjellum, Anthony Brightwell, Ron GP IEEE TI Design and Evaluation of FA-MPI, A Transactional Resilience Scheme for Non-blocking MPI SO 2014 44TH ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (DSN) SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN) CY JUN 23-26, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc AB With the rapid scale out of supercomputers comes a corresponding higher failure frequency. Fault-tolerant methods have evolved to adapt to high rates of failure, but the behavior of MPI, the most widely used scalable programming middleware, is insufficient when confronting such failures. We present FA-MPI (Fault-Aware MPI), a set of extensions to the MPI standard designed to enable applications to implement a wide range of fault-tolerant methods. FA-MPI introduces transactional concepts to the MPI programming model for the first time to address failure detection, isolation, mitigation, and recovery via application-driven policies. To reach the maximum achievable performance of these scalable machines, overlapping communication and I/O with computation through non-blocking operations (while reducing jitter) are design themes of growing importance. Therefore, we emphasize fault tolerant, non-blocking communication operations combined with a set of nestable lightweight transactional TryBlock API extensions architected to exploit system and application hierarchy both for failure detection and recovery. This is to enable applications to run to completion with higher probability than otherwise. Scaling up and out and fault-free overhead are key concerns that can be managed by tuning transaction granularity; we provide a simulation of FA-MPI in a stencil 3D program to illustrate this. Supported failure models include but are not limited to process failures, a key difference from other proposed fault-tolerant extensions to MPI. Restriction to non-blocking operations is a current limitation as compared to other proposed approaches insofar as legacy applications are concerned, but FA-MPI aligns well with future-looking applications emphasizing Exascale. And, tools to evolve legacy MPI programs to this fault-aware paradigm will soon bridge that portability gap. C1 [Hassani, Amin; Skjellum, Anthony] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205 USA. [Brightwell, Ron] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hassani, A (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, 1300 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35205 USA. EM ahassani@cis.uab.edu; tony@cis.uab.edu; rbbrigh@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-0889 BN 978-1-4799-2233-8 J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO PY 2014 BP 750 EP 755 DI 10.1109/DSN.2014.78 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4SO UT WOS:000361050800075 ER PT S AU Wilke, J Bennett, J Kolla, H Teranishi, K Slattengren, N Floren, J AF Wilke, Jeremiah Bennett, Janine Kolla, Hemanth Teranishi, Keita Slattengren, Nicole Floren, John GP IEEE TI Extreme-scale viability of collective communication for resilient task scheduling and work stealing SO 2014 44TH ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (DSN) SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN) CY JUN 23-26, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc ID PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS AB Extreme-scale computing will bring significant changes to high performance computing system architectures. In particular, the increased number of system components is creating a need for software to demonstrate "pervasive parallelism" and resiliency. Asynchronous, many-task programming models show promise in addressing both the scalability and resiliency challenges; however, they introduce an enormously challenging distributed, resilient consistency problem. In this work, we explore the viability of resilient collective communication in task scheduling and work stealing and, through simulation with SST/macro, the performance of these collectives on speculative extreme-scale architectures. C1 [Wilke, Jeremiah; Bennett, Janine; Kolla, Hemanth; Teranishi, Keita] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Modeling & Anal, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Slattengren, Nicole; Floren, John] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable & Secure Syst Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilke, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Modeling & Anal, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jjwilke@sandia.gov; jcbenne@sandia.gov; hnkolla@sandia.gov; knteran@sandia.gov; nlslatt@sandia.gov; jfflore@sandia.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-0889 BN 978-1-4799-2233-8 J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO PY 2014 BP 756 EP 761 DI 10.1109/DSN.2014.105 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4SO UT WOS:000361050800076 ER PT S AU Parvania, M Koutsandria, G Muthukumar, V Peisert, S McParland, C Scaglione, A AF Parvania, Masood Koutsandria, Georgia Muthukumar, Vishak Peisert, Sean McParland, Chuck Scaglione, Anna GP IEEE TI Hybrid Control Network Intrusion Detection Systems for Automated Power Distribution Systems SO 2014 44TH ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (DSN) SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN) CY JUN 23-26, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc DE Power distribution systems; distribution automation; network security; intrusion detection systems ID CYBER SECURITY AB In this paper, we describe our novel use of network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) for protecting automated distribution systems (ADS) against certain types of cyber attacks in a new way. The novelty consists of using the hybrid control environment rules and model as the baseline for what is normal and what is an anomaly, tailoring the security policies to the physical operation of the system. NIDS sensors in our architecture continuously analyze traffic in the communication medium that comes from embedded controllers, checking if the data and commands exchanged conform to the expected structure of the controllers interactions, and evolution of the system's physical state. Considering its importance in future ADSs, we chose the fault location, isolation and service restoration (FLISR) process as our distribution automation case study for the NIDS deployment. To test our scheme, we emulated the FLISR process using real programmable logic controllers (PLCs) that interact with a simulated physical infrastructure. We used this testbed to examine the capability of our NIDS approach in several attack scenarios. The experimental analysis reveals that our approach is capable of detecting various attacks scenarios including the attacks initiated within the trusted perimeter of the automation network by attackers that have complete knowledge about the communication information exchanged. C1 [Parvania, Masood; Koutsandria, Georgia; Scaglione, Anna] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Muthukumar, Vishak; Peisert, Sean] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Peisert, Sean; McParland, Chuck] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Parvania, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mparvania@ucdavis.edu; gkoutsandria@ucdavis.edu; vmuthu@ucdavis.edu; speisert@ucdavis.edu; cpmcparland@lbl.gov; ascaglione@ucdavis.edu OI Parvania, Masood/0000-0002-8891-7010 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-0889 BN 978-1-4799-2233-8 J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO PY 2014 BP 774 EP 779 DI 10.1109/DSN.2014.81 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4SO UT WOS:000361050800079 ER PT S AU Gibson, T Ciraci, S Sharma, P Allwardt, C Rice, M Akyol, B AF Gibson, Tara Ciraci, Selim Sharma, Poorva Allwardt, Craig Rice, Mark Akyol, Bora GP IEEE TI An Integrated Security Framework For GOSS Power Grid Analytics Platform SO 2014 44TH ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (DSN) SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN) CY JUN 23-26, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc DE power grid; smartgrid; security; jaas; middleware; pmu AB In power grid operations, security is an essential component for any middleware platform. Security protects data against unwanted access as well as cyber attacks. GridOptics (TM) Software System (GOSS) is an open source power grid analytics platform that facilitates ease of access between applications and data sources and promotes development of advanced analytical applications. GOSS contains an API that abstracts many of the difficulties in connecting to various heterogeneous data sources. A number of applications and data sources have already been implemented to demonstrate functionality and ease of use. A security framework has been implemented which leverages widely accepted, robust Java (TM) security tools in a way such that they can be interchanged as needed. This framework supports the complex fine-grained, access control rules identified for the diverse data sources already in GOSS. Performance and reliability are also important considerations in any power grid architecture. An evaluation is done to determine the overhead cost caused by security within GOSS and ensure minimal impact to performance. C1 [Gibson, Tara; Ciraci, Selim; Sharma, Poorva; Allwardt, Craig; Rice, Mark; Akyol, Bora] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gibson, T (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tara@pnnl.gov; selim.ciraci@pnnl.gov; sharma.poorva@pnnl.gov; craig.allwardt@pnnl.gov; mark.rice@pnnl.gov; bora@pnnl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-0889 BN 978-1-4799-2233-8 J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO PY 2014 BP 786 EP 791 DI 10.1109/DSN.2014.106 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4SO UT WOS:000361050800081 ER PT B AU Jaworsky, C Turitsyn, K Backhaus, S AF Jaworsky, Christina Turitsyn, Konstantin Backhaus, Scott GP ASME TI THE EFFECT OF FORECASTING ACCURACY ON THE SIZING OF ENERGY STORAGE SO 7TH ANNUAL DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference CY OCT 22-24, 2014 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div ID WIND AB The purpose of this research is to the problem of optimal sizing of energy storage required for compensation of wind farm generation variability. Using wind farm production data from the BPA, we assess the effect of forecast quality and economic dispatch timing on the size of storage and critical power rating required to nearly perfectly match the committed energy. We develop a Model-Predictive-Control (MPC) based operational model following NERC standard recommendations. Different forecasts are considered and compared from the storage sizing perspective. The results of our simulations can be fit by two simple relations, connecting the storage sizing with forecast error, wind variability, and the timescales of scheduling. A more accurate forecast reduces the storage sizing. However, diminishing returns are observed when the forecast error becomes comparable to natural wind variability within the commitment time interval. The proposed methodology can be extended to other systems with intermittent generation and controllable real or virtual storage. C1 [Jaworsky, Christina; Turitsyn, Konstantin] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Backhaus, Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jaworsky, C (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jaworsky@mit.edu; turitsyn@mit.edu RI Turitsyn, Konstantin/K-5978-2012 OI Turitsyn, Konstantin/0000-0002-7997-8962 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4619-3 PY 2014 AR V002T22A005 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BD4XU UT WOS:000361166800032 ER PT B AU McBride, J Zhao, XP Munro, N Jicha, G Smith, C Jiang, Y AF McBride, Joseph Zhao, Xiaopeng Munro, Nancy Jicha, Gregory Smith, Charles Jiang, Yang GP ASME TI RESTING STATE EEG MULTISCALE ENTROPY DYNAMICS IN MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND EARLY ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE SO 7TH ANNUAL DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference CY OCT 22-24, 2014 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div AB Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a neurological condition related to early stages of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study explores non-event-related multiscale entropy (MSE) measures as features for effectively discriminating between normal aging, MCI, and AD participants. Resting EEG records from 48 age-matched participants (mean age 75.7 years)-15 normal controls (NC), 16 MCI, and 17 early AD are examined. Multiscale entropy curves are computed for short EEG segments and averaged over the segments. Binary discriminations among the three groups are conducted using support vector machine models. Leave-one-out cross-validation accuracies of 80.7% (p-value <0.0018) for MCI vs. NC, 87.5% (p-value <1.322E-4) for AD vs. NC, and 90.9% (p-value <2.788E-5) for MCI vs. AD are achieved. Results demonstrate influence of cognitive deficits on multiscale entropy dynamics of non-event-related EEG. C1 [McBride, Joseph] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zhao, Xiaopeng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Natl Inst Math & Biol Synth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Munro, Nancy] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jicha, Gregory; Smith, Charles] Univ Kentucky, Dept Neurol, Sanders Brown Ctr Aging, Lexington, KY 40356 USA. [Jiang, Yang] Univ Kentucky, Dept Behav Sci, Sanders Brown Ctr Aging, Lexington, KY 40356 USA. RP McBride, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jmcbrid4@utk.edu; xzhao9@utk.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4619-3 PY 2014 DI 10.1109/BSEC.2014.6867738 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BD4XU UT WOS:000361166800008 ER PT B AU Afrin, S Ortega, JD Ho, CK Kumar, V AF Afrin, Samia Ortega, Jesus D. Ho, Clifford K. Kumar, Vinod GP ASME TI Modeling of a High-Temperature-Serpentine External Tubular Receiver Using Supercritical CO2 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr AB This paper describes the modelling and design of an external receiver using supercritical CO2 as the heat transfer fluid that can reach up to 700 degrees C outlet temperature with similar to 85% thermal efficiency. The internal pressure of the tubes is 20 MPa. The receiver tubes are arranged in a serpentine fashion and are coated with Pyromark 2500. Analyses were performed to evaluate the thermal efficiency of the receiver as a function of incidence angle of the incident radiation. Two different radiation models, discrete ordinates and surface-to-surface ray tracing, were used in the computational fluid dynamics model (ANSYS FLUENT). The receiver thermal efficiency ranged from 75% for incidence angles of 80 degrees to 88% for near-normal incidence angles of 10 degrees. C1 [Afrin, Samia] Univ Texas El Paso, Environm Sci & Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Ortega, Jesus D.; Kumar, Vinod] Univ Texas El Paso, Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Ho, Clifford K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Afrin, S (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Environm Sci & Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A011 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900019 ER PT B AU Christian, J Ho, C Kolb, W Kelton, J Ray, D AF Christian, Joshua Ho, Clifford Kolb, William Kelton, John Ray, Daniel GP ASME TI DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF AN ON-SUN PROTOTYPE FALLING-PARTICLE CAVITY RECEIVER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr AB Cavity receivers have been an integral part of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants for many years. However, falling solid particle receivers (SPR) which employ a cavity design are only in the beginning stages of on-sun testing and evaluation. A prototype SPR has been developed which will be fully integrated into a complete system to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technology in the CSP sector. The receiver is a rectangular cavity with an aperture on the north side, open bottom (for particle collection), and a slot in the top (particle curtain injection). The solid particles fall from the top of the cavity through the solar flux and are collected after leaving the receiver. There are inherent design challenges with this type of receiver including particle curtain opacity, high wall fluxes, high wall temperatures, and high heat losses. CFD calculations using ANSYS FLUENT were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the current receiver design. The particle curtain mass flow rate needed to be carefully regulated such that the curtain opacity is high (to intercept as much solar radiation as possible), but also low enough to increase the average particle temperature by 200 degrees C. Wall temperatures were shown to be less than 1200 degrees C when the particle curtain mass flow rate is 2.7 kg/s/m which is critical for the receiver insulation. The size of the cavity was shown to decrease the incident flux on the cavity walls and also reduced the wall temperatures. A thermal efficiency of 92% was achieved, but was obtained with a higher particle mass flow rate resulting in a lower average particle temperature rise. A final prototype receiver design has been completed utilizing the computational evaluation and past CSP project experiences. C1 [Christian, Joshua; Ho, Clifford; Kolb, William; Kelton, John; Ray, Daniel] Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Christian, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A020 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900028 ER PT B AU Garg, P Kumar, P Dutta, P Conboy, T Ho, C AF Garg, Pardeep Kumar, Pramod Dutta, Pradip Conboy, Thomas Ho, Clifford GP ASME TI DESIGN OF AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST FACILITY FOR SUPERCRITICAL CO2 BRAYTON CYCLE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr AB A supercritical CO2 test facility is currently being developed at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India to analyze the performance of a closed loop Brayton cycle for concentrated solar power (CSP) generation. The loop has been designed for an external heat input of 20 kW a pressure range of 75-135 bar, flow rate of 11 kg/min, and a maximum cycle temperature of 525 degrees C. The operation of the loop and the various parametric tests planned to be performed are discussed in this paper The paper addresses various aspects of the loop design with emphasis on design of various components such as regenerator and expansion device. The regenerator design is critical due to sharp property variations in CO2 occurring during the heat exchange process between the hot and cold streams. Two types of heat exchanger configurations 1) tube-in-tube (TITHE) and 2) printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) are analyzed and compared. A PCHE is found to be similar to 5 times compact compared to a TITHE for identical heat transfer and pressure drops. The expansion device is being custom designed to achieve the desired pressure drop for a range of operating temperatures. It is found that capillary of 5.5 mm inner diameter and similar to 2 meter length is sufficient to achieve a pressure drop from 130 to 75 bar at a maximum cycle temperature of 525 degrees C. C1 [Garg, Pardeep; Kumar, Pramod; Dutta, Pradip] Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Conboy, Thomas; Ho, Clifford] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Garg, P (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T05A005 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900070 ER PT B AU Garg, P Krishna, SH Kumar, P Conboy, T Ho, C AF Garg, Pardeep Krishna, Sriram Hebbalguppe Kumar, Pramod Conboy, Thomas Ho, Clifford GP ASME TI ADVANCED LOW PRESSURE CYCLE FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER GENERATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr ID ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES; WORKING FLUIDS; ISOPENTANE AB Turbine inlet pressures of similar to 300 bar in case of CO2 based cycles call for redesigning the cycle in such a way that the optimum high side pressures are restricted to the discharge pressure limits imposed by currently available commercial compressors (similar to 150 bar) for distributed power generation. This leads to a cycle which is a combination of a transcritical condensing and a subcritical cycle with an intercooler and a bifurcation system in it. Using a realistic thermodynamic model, it is predicted that the cycle with the working fluid as a non-flammable mixture of 48.5 % propane and rest CO2 delivers similar to 37.2 % efficiency at 873 K with a high and a low side pressure of 150 and 26 bar respectively. This is in contrast to the best efficiency of similar to 36.1 % offered by a transcritical condensing cycle with the same working fluid at a high side pressure of similar to 300 bar C1 [Garg, Pardeep; Krishna, Sriram Hebbalguppe; Kumar, Pramod] Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Conboy, Thomas; Ho, Clifford] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Garg, P (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A033 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900041 ER PT B AU Gomez, JC Tirawat, R Vidal, EE AF Gomez, Judith C. Tirawat, Robert Vidal, Edgar E. GP ASME TI Hot Corrosion Studies using Electrochemical Techniques of Alloys in a Chloride Molten Salt (NaCl-LiCl) at 650 degrees C SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr ID HEAT STORAGE MATERIALS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; STEELS; FE; NI; CR; DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENT; EUTECTICS; ZNCL2-KCL AB Next-generation solar power conversion systems in concentrating solar power (CSP) applications require high-temperature advanced fluids in the range of 600 degrees to 900 degrees C. Molten salts are good candidates for CSP applications, but they are generally very corrosive to common alloys used in vessels, heat exchangers, and piping at these elevated temperatures. The majority of the molten-salt corrosion evaluations for sulfates with chlorides and some vanadium compounds have been performed for waste incinerators, gas turbine engines, and electric power generation (steam-generating equipment) applications for different materials and molten-salt systems. The majority of the molten-salt corrosion kinetic models under isothermal and thermal cyclic conditions have been established using the weight-loss method and metallographic cross-section analyses. Electrochemical techniques for molten salts have not been employed for CSP applications in the past. Recently, these techniques have been used for a better understanding of the fundamentals behind the hot corrosion mechanisms for thin-film molten salts in gas turbine engines and electric power generation. The chemical (or electrochemical) reactions and transport modes are complex for hot corrosion in systems involving multi-component alloys and salts; but some insight can be gained through thenuochemical models to identify major reactions. Electrochemical evaluations were performed on 310SS and In800H in the molten eutectic NaCl-LiCl at 650 degrees C using an open current potential followed by a potentiodynamic polarization sweep. Corrosion rates were determined using Tafel slopes and the Faraday law. The corrosion current density and the corrosion potentials using Pt wire as the reference electrode are reported. C1 [Gomez, Judith C.; Tirawat, Robert] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Vidal, Edgar E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gomez, JC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A057 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900065 ER PT B AU Ho, CK Conboy, T Ortega, J Afrin, S Gray, A Christian, JM Bandyopadyay, S Kedare, SB Singh, S Wani, P AF Ho, C. K. Conboy, T. Ortega, J. Afrin, S. Gray, A. Christian, J. M. Bandyopadyay, S. Kedare, S. B. Singh, S. Wani, P. GP ASME TI HIGH-TEMPERATURE RECEIVER DESIGNS FOR SUPERCRITICAL CO2 CLOSED-LOOP BRAYTON CYCLES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr ID SOLAR-THERMAL-ENERGY; NITRATE; POWER; SYSTEMS; SALTS AB High-temperature receiver designs for solar powered supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles that can produce 1 MW of electricity are being investigated. Advantages of a supercritical CO2 closed-loop Brayton cycle with recuperation include high efficiency (-50%) and a small footprint relative to equivalent systems employing steam Rankine power cycles. Heating for the supercritical CO2 system occurs in a high-temperature solar receiver that can produce temperatures of at least 700 degrees C. Depending on whether the CO2 is heated directly or indirectly, the receiver may need to withstand pressures up to 20 MPa (200 bar). This paper reviews several high-temperature receiver designs that have been investigated as part of the SERIIUS program. Designs for direct heating of CO2 include volumetric receivers and tubular receivers, while designs for indirect heating include volumetric air receivers, molten-salt and liquid-metal tubular receivers, and falling particle receivers. Indirect receiver designs also allow storage of thermal energy for dispatchable electricity generation. Advantages and disadvantages of alternative designs are presented. Current results show that the most viable options include tubular receiver designs for direct and indirect heating of CO2 and falling particle receiver designs for indirect heating and storage. C1 [Ho, C. K.; Conboy, T.; Christian, J. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ortega, J.; Afrin, S.] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX USA. [Gray, A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Bandyopadyay, S.; Kedare, S. B.; Singh, S.; Wani, P.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A003 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900011 ER PT B AU Ho, CK Christian, JM Moya, AC Taylor, J Ray, D Kelton, J AF Ho, Clifford K. Christian, Joshua M. Moya, Adam C. Taylor, Josh Ray, Daniel Kelton, John GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIES OF AIR CURTAINS FOR FALLING PARTICLE RECEIVERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr AB The use of an air curtain blowing across the aperture of a falling-particle receiver has been proposed to mitigate convective heat losses and to protect the flow of particles from external winds. This paper presents experimental and numerical studies that evaluate the impact of an air curtain on the performance of a falling particle receiver. Unheated experimental studies were performed to evaluate the impact of various factors (particle size, particle mass flow rate, particle release location, air-curtain flow rate, and external wind) on particle flow, stability, and loss through the aperture. Numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the impact of an air curtain on the thermal efficiency of a falling particle receiver at different operating temperatures. Results showed that the air curtain reduced particle loss when particles were released near the aperture in the presence of external wind, but the presence of the air curtain did not generally improve the flow characteristics and loss of the particles for other scenarios. Numerical results showed that the presence of an air curtain could reduce the convective heat losses, but only at higher temperatures (>600 degrees C) when buoyant hot air leaving the aperture was significant. C1 [Ho, Clifford K.; Christian, Joshua M.; Moya, Adam C.; Taylor, Josh; Ray, Daniel; Kelton, John] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1127, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A049 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900057 ER PT B AU Joglekar, N Guzelsu, E Mazumder, M Botts, A Ho, C AF Joglekar, Nitin Guzelsu, Emre Mazumder, Malay Botts, Adam Ho, Clifford GP ASME TI A LEVELIZED COST METRIC FOR EDS-BASED CLEANING OF MIRRORS IN CSP POWER PLANTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr ID ELECTRODYNAMIC SCREEN AB Integration of electro-dynamic screens (EDS) on mirrors in CSP power plants is an emergent and environmentally conservative technology. It can remove the deposited dust from these mirrors and thus maintain high reflectivity continuously through the plant life. We propose a levelized cost of mirror cleaning (LCOMC) metric to link the EDS-enhanced reflectivity gains with the relevant product and installation costs, as well as with the direct and indirect costs associated with plant operation and maintenance. The LCOMC metric accounts for the fact that enhanced reflectivity owing to EDS technology allows the plant operators to specify a suitably smaller optical capacity plant in order to deliver a fixed power production target. We illustrate our proposal with a dataset on deluge cleaning of a scaled solar power plant configuration. For the configuration studied, it is shown that, if the EDS technology production and installation cost is $10/m(2), then its LCOMC is 7.9% below the LCOMC for a comparable deluge cleaning alternative. Thus, the proposed LCOMC metric provides a methodology for systemic assessment of the economic impact of the EDS technology (and other mirror cleaning technologies), early in its technology development cycle. C1 [Joglekar, Nitin; Guzelsu, Emre; Mazumder, Malay] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Botts, Adam] Abengoa Solar LLC, Lakewood, CO USA. [Ho, Clifford] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Joglekar, N (reprint author), Boston Univ, 595 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM joglekar@bu.edu; adam.botts@solar.abengoa.com; ckho@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A026 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900034 ER PT B AU Jorgenson, J Denholm, P Mehos, M AF Jorgenson, Jennie Denholm, Paul Mehos, Mark GP ASME TI QUANTIFYING THE VALUE OF CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER IN A PRODUCTION COST MODEL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr AB While the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is generally emphasized when assessing the economic viability of renewable energy systems, the other benefits such as the operational and capacity value are often ignored. Concentrating solar power with thermal energy storage (CSP-TES) can be dispatched similarly to conventional thermal generation, which may lead to incorrect economic comparisons between CSP-TES and variable renewable generation technologies such as wind and photovoltaics (PV). However, unlike most conventional thermal power plants, CSP-TES plants are energy limited, meaning that their response might be restricted by solar availability. Therefore, the use of this limited solar energy must be optimally scheduled to provide the greatest value to the power system. The timing of CSP-TES dispatch depends on a variety of factors, including electricity demand patterns, the penetration of variable generation sources, and the configuration of the CSP-TES plant itself. We use an established CSP-TES modeling framework in a commercially available production cost model to study the dispatch and value of a molten salt tower CSP-TES plant in a test system simulating the Colorado grid. We examine a range of configuration parameters by varying the relative sizes of three separate but interrelated parts of the CSP-TES plant: the solar collection field, the power block, and the thermal storage tank. Firstly, we observe that increasing the thermal energy storage capacity of a plant reduces spilled energy and increases the ability to deploy thermal energy to displace the most costly forms of conventional generation. Additional storage, however, shows only marginal benefit beyond 6-9 hours of rated plant capacity. Secondly, we observe that reducing the ratio of solar collection field size to power block capacity (a design parameter often called the solar multiple [SM]) provides the most benefit to this test system per unit of energy produced. A large solar collection field size, relative to the rated capacity of the power block, forces some solar energy to be stored during the periods when conventional generation is most costly. The stored solar energy must then be used during off-peak hours to displace less costly fossil generation. The relative value of CSP-TES presented here is dependent on many system variables, including existing solar energy penetration. Future work must examine the impact of capital cost on the overall value proposition of these configurations of CSP-TES, since the upfront cost is not considered here. C1 [Jorgenson, Jennie; Denholm, Paul; Mehos, Mark] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jorgenson, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A007 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900015 ER PT B AU Martinek, J Ma, ZW AF Martinek, Janna Ma, Zhiwen GP ASME TI GRANULAR FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER STUDY IN A NEAR-BLACKBODY ENCLOSED PARTICLE RECEIVER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr ID GAS-FLUIDIZED BEDS; KINETIC-THEORY; DYNAMICS AB Concentrating solar power (CSP) is an effective means of converting solar energy into electricity with an energy-storage capability for continuous, dispatchable, renewable power generation. However, challenges with current CSP systems include high initial capital cost and electricity price. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Sun Shot program aims to reduce cost and improve performance of CSP technology. To this end, NREL is developing a solid-particle based CSP system projected to have significant cost and performance advantages over current nitrate-based molten salt systems. The design uses gas/solid, two-phase flow as the heat transfer fluid and separated solid particles as the storage medium. A critical component in the system is a novel near-blackbody (NBB) enclosed particle receiver with high-temperature capability developed with the goal of meeting DOE's Sun Shot targets for receiver cost and performance. Development of the NBB enclosed particle receiver necessitates detailed study of the dimensions of the receiver, particle flow conditions, and heat transfer coefficients. The receiver utilizes an array of absorber tubes with a granular medium flowing downward through channels between tubes. The current study focuses on simulation and analysis of granular flow patterns and the resulting convective and conductive heat transfer to the particulate phase. This paper introduces modeling methods for the granular flow through the receiver module and compares the results with an in-situ particle flow test. C1 [Martinek, Janna; Ma, Zhiwen] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Martinek, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A012 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900020 ER PT B AU Mazumder, MK Horenstein, MN Stark, JW Hudelson, JN Sayyah, A Joglekar, N Yellowhair, J Botts, A AF Mazumder, Malay K. Horenstein, Mark N. Stark, Jeremy W. Hudelson, John N. Sayyah, Arash Joglekar, Nitin Yellowhair, Julius Botts, Adam GP ASME TI SELF-CLEANING SOLAR MIRRORS USING ELECTRODYNAMIC DUST SHIELD: PROSPECTS AND PROGRESS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr ID SCREEN; PERFORMANCE; IMPACT AB Parabolic trough and power tower technologies provide inherent advantage of thermal energy storage and high efficiency of the Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems for utility scale solar plants. High efficiency CSP power generation with minimal water use is one of the Sun Shot goals of the US Department of Energy. The specular reflectance efficiency of the solar mirrors plays a critical role in the efficiency of power generation. The optical surface of the mirrors and the receiver must be kept clean for efficient operation of the plant. Some environmental challenges in operating the large-scale CSP plants at high reflectance efficiency arise from high concentration of atmospheric dust, wind speed and variation of relative humidity (RH) over a wide range. Deposited dust and other contaminant particles, such as soot, salt, and organic particulate matters attenuate solar radiation by scattering and absorption. Adhesion of these particles on the mirror surface depends strongly by their composition and the moisture content in the atmosphere. Presence of soluble inorganic and organic salts cause corrosion of the mirror unless the contaminants are cleaned frequently. In this paper, we briefly review (1) source of atmospheric dust and mechanisms involved in degradation of mirrors caused by salt particles, (2) loss of specular reflection efficiency as a function of particle size distribution and composition, and (3) an emerging technology for removing dust layer by using thin transparent electrodynamic screen (EDS). Feasibility of integration of EDS on the front surface of the solar collectors has been established to provide active self-cleaning properties for parabolic trough and heliostat reflectors. C1 [Mazumder, Malay K.; Horenstein, Mark N.; Stark, Jeremy W.; Hudelson, John N.] Boston Univ, ECE Dept, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Joglekar, Nitin] Boston Univ, Sch Management, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Yellowhair, Julius] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Botts, Adam] Abengoa Solar, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. RP Mazumder, MK (reprint author), Boston Univ, ECE Dept, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM mazumder@bu.edu; mnh@bu.edu; jwstark@bu.edu; jnhudel@bu.edu; arashs@bu.edu; joglekar@bu.edu; jeyello@sandia.gov; adam.botts@solar.abengoa.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A055 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900063 ER PT B AU Neises, TW Wagner, MJ Gray, AK AF Neises, Ty W. Wagner, Michael J. Gray, Allison K. GP ASME TI STRUCTURAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR TUBULAR POWER TOWER RECEIVERS OPERATING AT 650 degrees C SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr ID LIFE AB Research of advanced power cycles has shown supercritical carbon dioxide power cycles may have thermal efficiency benefits relative to steam cycles at temperatures around 500 - 700 degrees C. To realize these benefits for CSP, it is necessary to increase the maximum outlet temperature of current tower designs. Research at NREL is investigating a concept that uses high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide as the heat transfer fluid to achieve a 650 degrees C receiver outlet temperature. At these operating conditions, creep becomes an important factor in the design of a tubular receiver and contemporary design assumptions for both solar and traditional boiler applications must be revisited and revised. This paper discusses lessons learned for high-pressure, high-temperature tubular receiver design. An analysis of a simplified receiver tube is discussed, and the results show the limiting stress mechanisms in the tube and the impact on the maximum allowable flux as design parameters vary. Results of this preliminary analysis indicate an underlying trade-off between tube thickness and the maximum allowable flux on the tube. Future work will expand the scope of design variables considered and attempt to optimize the design based on cost and performance metrics. C1 [Neises, Ty W.; Wagner, Michael J.; Gray, Allison K.] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Neises, TW (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A045 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900053 ER PT B AU Polizos, G Schaeffer, DA Smith, DB Lee, DF Datskos, PG Hunter, SR AF Polizos, Georgios Schaeffer, Daniel A. Smith, D. Barton Lee, Dominic F. Datskos, Panos G. Hunter, Scott R. GP ASME TI ENHANCED DURABILITY TRANSPARENT SUPERHYDROPHOBIC ANTI-SOILING COATINGS FOR CSP APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr AB Optically transparent superhydrophobic (SH) coatings based on multifunctional silica nanoparticles and polymeric binders were developed and their optical and abrasion resistance properties were studied. Three key factors are emphasized: i) The optical clarity of the coatings. Particle deagglomeration and surface functionalization techniques were developed to obtain particle size distributions with an average size smaller than 200 nm. The particles were uniformly dispersed in organic binders and resulted in coatings with an average roughness value smaller than 30 nm. The nano-sized particles do not scatter light at wavelengths > 250 nm because of their small dimensions. ii) Enhanced particle-binder interfaces. We have introduced a double functionality on the particle's surface in order to partially crosslink them with the polymeric binder. This multifunctional configuration significantly improves the abrasion resistance of the coatings without degrading their SH properties. Accelerated weathering durability. Coatings were subjected to simulated solar UV exposure. Our ongoing studies indicate that the coatings are environmentally durable over several years of simulated UVA exposure. The nanostructure-property interdependencies underlined in the above three key factors are utilized in the development of transparent SH coatings with enhanced durability. C1 [Polizos, Georgios; Schaeffer, Daniel A.; Smith, D. Barton; Lee, Dominic F.; Datskos, Panos G.; Hunter, Scott R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Polizos, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A030 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900038 ER PT B AU Roop, J Jeter, S Abdel-Khalik, SI Ho, CK AF Roop, Jonathan Jeter, Sheldon Abdel-Khalik, Said I. Ho, Clifford K. GP ASME TI OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECT PARTICULATES AFTER HIGH-TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr AB One increasingly viable option for high temperature concentrator solar power (CSP) is a central receiver system with a particle heating receiver (PER). A PHR system uses suitable particulates to capture and store energy. It is expected that the particles will be sustained at high temperatures (in the range of 300 degrees C or 400 degrees C to 700 degrees C or 800 degrees C or even 1000 degrees C) on most typical days of plant operation, so there is interest in how the particle optical properties might change after prolonged high-temperature exposure. This paper presents the results from experiments conducted over a 5-month period in which samples of various types of particulates including silica sands and alumina proppants were exposed to high temperatures for extended periods of time. The reflectance of a bed of particles was measured at room temperature in 8 wavelength bands using the 410-Solar reflectometer device developed by Surface Optics Corporation. The infrared emittance was determined using the ETS-100 emissometer instrument, also developed by Surface Optics Corporation [1,2]. Particles were heated to 950 degrees C and 350 degrees C, and measurements were recorded at intervals during the exposure so that trends in the optical properties over time could be observed. From the measured data, the total solar absorptance and total hemispherical emittance at high temperature were computed; these results are also presented. C1 [Roop, Jonathan; Jeter, Sheldon; Abdel-Khalik, Said I.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ho, Clifford K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Roop, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A029 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900037 ER PT B AU Stark, J Yellowhair, J Hudelson, JN Horenstein, M Mazumder, M AF Stark, Jeremy Yellowhair, Julius Hudelson, John N. Horenstein, Mark Mazumder, Malay GP ASME TI OPTICAL MODELING OF REFLECTIVITY LOSS CAUSED BY DUST DEPOSITION ON CSP MIRRORS AND RESTORATION OF ENERGY YIELD BY ELECTRODYNAMIC DUST REMOVAL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr ID NEGEV DESERT; SOLAR; TECHNOLOGY AB For large scale CSP power plants, vast areas of land are needed in deserts and semi-arid climates where uninterrupted solar irradiance is most abundant. These power facilities use large arrays of mirrors to reflect and concentrate sunlight onto collectors, however, dust deposition on the optical surfaces causes obscuration of sunlight, resulting in large energy-yield losses in solar plants. This problem is compounded by the lack of natural clean water resources for conventional cleaning of solar mirrors, often with reflective surface areas of large installations exceeding a million square meters. To investigate the application of transparent electrodynamic screens (EDS) for efficient and cost effective dust removal from solar mirrors, both optical modeling and experimental verifications were performed. Prototype EDS-integrated mirrors were constructed by depositing a set of parallel transparent electrodes into the sun-facing surface of solar mirrors and coating electrodes with thin transparent dielectric film. Activation of the electrodes with a three-phase voltage creates an electrodynamic field that charges and repels dust electrostatically by Coulomb force and sweeps away particles by a traveling electrodynamic wave. We report here brief discussions on (1) rate of deposition and the properties of dust with respect to their size distribution and chemical composition in semi-arid areas of the southwest US and Mojave Desert and their adhesion to solar mirrors, (2) optical models of: (a) specular reflection losses caused by scattering and absorption by dust particles deposited on the surface based on Mie scattering theory, and (b) reflection loss by the integration of EDS on the mirror surface, computed by FRED ray-tracing model. The objective is to maintain specular reflectivity of 90% or higher by frequent removal of dust by EDS. Our studies show that the incorporation of transparent EDS would cause an initial loss of 3% but would be able to maintain specular reflectivity more than 90% to meet the industrial requirement for CSP plants. Specular reflection measurements taken inside a climate controlled environmental chamber show that EDS integration can restore specular reflectivity and would be able to prevent major degradation of the optical surface caused by the deposition of dust. C1 [Stark, Jeremy; Hudelson, John N.; Horenstein, Mark; Mazumder, Malay] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Yellowhair, Julius] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Stark, J (reprint author), Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A031 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900039 ER PT B AU Yellowhair, J Christian, JM Ho, CK AF Yellowhair, Julius Christian, Joshua M. Ho, Clifford K. GP ASME TI EVALUATION OF SOLAR OPTICAL MODELING TOOLS FOR MODELING COMPLEX RECEIVER GEOMETRIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr AB Solar optical modeling tools are valuable for modeling and predicting the performance of solar technology systems. Four optical modeling tools were evaluated using the National Solar Thermal Test Facility heliostat field combined with flat plate receiver geometry as a benchmark. The four optical modeling tools evaluated were DELSOL, HELIOS, Sol Trace, and Tonatiuh. All are available for free from their respective developers. DELSOL and HELIOS both use a convolution of the sunshape and optical errors for rapid calculation of flux profiles on the receiver surfaces. Sol Trace and Tonatiuh use ray-tracing methods to determine reflected solar rays on the receiver surfaces and construct flux profiles. We found the ray-tracing tools, although slower in computation speed, to be more flexible for modeling complex receiver geometries, whereas DELSOL and HELIOS were limited to standard receiver geometries. We provide an example of using Sol Trace for modeling non-conventional receiver geometries. We also list the strengths and deficiencies of the tools to show tool preference depending on the modeling and design needs. C1 [Yellowhair, Julius; Christian, Joshua M.; Ho, Clifford K.] Concentrating Solar Technol, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yellowhair, J (reprint author), Concentrating Solar Technol, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A048 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900056 ER PT B AU Doris, E Booth, S Chavez, J Krasko, V Stout, S AF Doris, Elizabeth Booth, Sarah Chavez, Joseph Krasko, Vitaliy Stout, Sherry GP ASME TI UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF LOCAL POLICIES ON DISTRIBUTED PHOTOVOLTAIC MARKET DEVELOPMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr AB A growing body of literature discusses the impacts of state-level policies on the development of distributed photovoltaic (PV) markets both in the implementing jurisdictions and spilling into others. Localities (municipalities and counties) are also increasing their involvement in policy development to support clean energy markets. There is a barrier to knowing the impacts of the policies within a jurisdiction as well as how the patchwork of local policies interacts to contribute to national PV market developments. This barrier can result in an inability for localities to implement effective and efficient local policies. This paper aims to reduce this barrier by (1) summarizing local activities related to solar in 151 localities as a means of determining trends in local PV policy action, (2) looking critically at several local policy environments in two states to determine if successful policy strategies or interesting observations warrant further investigation on the impacts of local policy, and (3) outlining the challenges of and opportunities for developing improved data for supporting an understanding of local policy impacts on the national market. C1 [Doris, Elizabeth; Booth, Sarah; Chavez, Joseph; Krasko, Vitaliy; Stout, Sherry] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Doris, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4587-5 PY 2014 AR V002T11A001 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XR UT WOS:000361162400054 ER PT B AU Simpkins, T Cutler, D Anderson, K Oils, D Elgqvist, E Callahan, M Walker, A AF Simpkins, T. Cutler, D. Anderson, K. Oils, D. Elgqvist, E. Callahan, M. Walker, A. GP ASME TI REOPT: A PLATFORM FOR ENERGY SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND OPTIMIZATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr AB REopt is an energy planning platform offering concurrent, multiple technology integration and optimization capabilities to help clients meet their cost savings and energy performance goals. The REopt platform provides techno-economic decision support analysis throughout the energy planning process, from agency-level screening and macro planning to project development to energy asset operation. REopt employs an integrated approach to optimizing the energy costs of a site by considering electricity and thermal consumption, resource availability, complex tariff structures including time-of-use, demand and export rates, incentives, net metering, and interconnection limits. Formulated as a mixed integer linear program, REopt recommends an optimally sized mix of conventional and renewable energy, and energy storage technologies; estimates the net present value associated with implementing those technologies; and provides the cost-optimal dispatch strategy for operating them at maximum economic efficiency. The REopt platform can be customized to address a variety of energy optimization scenarios including policy, microgrid, and operational energy applications. This paper presents the REopt techno-economic model along with two examples of recently completed analysis projects. C1 [Simpkins, T.; Cutler, D.; Anderson, K.; Oils, D.; Elgqvist, E.; Callahan, M.; Walker, A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Simpkins, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM travis.simpkins@nrel.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4587-5 PY 2014 AR V002T03A006 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XR UT WOS:000361162400006 ER PT B AU Kumar, N Venkataraman, S Lew, D Brinkman, G Palchak, D Cochran, J AF Kumar, Nikhil Venkataraman, Sundar Lew, Debra Brinkman, Greg Palchak, David Cochran, Jaquelin GP ASME TI RETROFITTING FOSSIL POWER PLANTS FOR INCREASED FLEXIBILITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME POWER CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Power Conference 2014 CY JUL 28-31, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP ASME, Power Div AB Increased renewable generation on the grid along with market deregulation has resulted in a significant increase in the cycling of coal and gas-fired power plant. This increase in cycling will result in increased wear-and-tear costs for units that were not traditionally designed for cycling. Asset owners can make operational changes to mitigate the wear-and-tear impact or alternatively retrofit existing units for improved flexibility. With retrofits, these plants can provide increased operational flexibility, or in other swords cycle more, but this comes at an initial cost. On the other hand, increased flexibility in terms of faster starts, better turndowns and ramp rates also provides opportunity for the asset owners to recover their costs in the market. This paper evaluates the operational, as well as cost-benefit of retrofitting power plants for flexibility using a portfolio of generation resources in North America. C1 [Kumar, Nikhil] Intertek AIM, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. [Venkataraman, Sundar] GE Energy Consulting, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Lew, Debra; Brinkman, Greg; Palchak, David; Cochran, Jaquelin] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Kumar, N (reprint author), Intertek AIM, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4608-7 PY 2014 AR V001T06A001 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XP UT WOS:000361161600051 ER PT S AU Bicer, T Yin, J Agrawal, G AF Bicer, Tekin Yin, Jian Agrawal, Gagan BE Balaji, P Foster, I Sun, XH Cameron, KW Nikolopoulos, DS TI Improving I/O Throughput of Scientific Applications using Transparent Parallel Compression SO 2014 14TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER, CLOUD AND GRID COMPUTING (CCGRID) SE IEEE-ACM International Symposium on Cluster Cloud and Grid Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid) CY MAY 26-29, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE Comp Soc, U S Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp ID FLOATING-POINT DATA AB Increasing number of cores in parallel computer systems are allowing scientific simulations to be executed with increasing spatial and temporal granularity. However, this also implies that increasing larger-sized datasets need to be output, stored, managed, and then visualized and/or analyzed using a variety of methods. In examining the possibility of using compression to accelerate all of these steps, we focus on two important questions: "Can compression help save time when data is output from, or input into, a parallel program?", and "How can a scientist's effort in using compression with a parallel program be minimized?". We focus on PnetCDF, and show how transparent compression can be supported, thus allowing an existing simulation program to start outputting and storing data in a compressed fashion, and similarly, allow a data analysis application to read compressed data. We address challenges in supporting compression when parallel writes are being performed. In our experiments, we first analyze the effects of using compression with microbenchmarks, and then, continue our evaluation using a scientific simulation application, and two data analysis applications. While we obtain up to a factor of 2 improvement in performance for microbenchmarks, the execution time of simulation application is improved up to 22%, and the maximum speedup of data analysis applications is 1.83 (with an average speedup of 1.36). C1 [Bicer, Tekin; Agrawal, Gagan] Ohio State Univ, Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Yin, Jian] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bicer, T (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM bicer@cse.ohio-state.edu; jian.yin@pnnl.gov; agrawal@cse.ohio-state.edu OI Bicer, Tekin/0000-0002-8428-5159 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-4414 BN 978-1-4799-2784-5 J9 IEEE ACM INT SYMP PY 2014 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1109/CCGrid.2014.112 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4RO UT WOS:000361021000001 ER PT S AU Sato, K Mohror, K Moody, A Gamblin, T de Supinski, BR Maruyama, N Matsuoka, S AF Sato, Kento Mohror, Kathryn Moody, Adam Gamblin, Todd de Supinski, Bronis R. Maruyama, Naoya Matsuoka, Satoshi BE Balaji, P Foster, I Sun, XH Cameron, KW Nikolopoulos, DS TI A User-level InfiniBand-based File System and Checkpoint Strategy for Burst Buffers SO 2014 14TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER, CLOUD AND GRID COMPUTING (CCGRID) SE IEEE-ACM International Symposium on Cluster Cloud and Grid Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid) CY MAY 26-29, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE Comp Soc, U S Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp DE fault tolerance; checkpoint/restart; burst buffer ID PROTOCOLS AB Checkpoint/Restart is an indispensable fault tolerance technique commonly used by high-performance computing applications that run continuously for hours or days at a time. However, even with state-of-the-art checkpoint/restart techniques, high failure rates at large scale will limit application efficiency. To alleviate the problem, we consider using burst buffers. Burst buffers are dedicated storage resources positioned between the compute nodes and the parallel file system, and this new tier within the storage hierarchy fills the performance gap between node-local storage and parallel file systems. With burst buffers, an application can quickly store checkpoints with increased reliability. In this work, we explore how burst buffers can improve efficiency compared to using only node-local storage. To fully exploit the bandwidth of burst buffers, we develop a user-level InfiniBand-based file system (IBIO). We also develop performance models for coordinated and uncoordinated checkpoint/restart strategies, and we apply those models to investigate the best checkpoint strategy using burst buffers on future large-scale systems. C1 [Sato, Kento] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528552, Japan. [Mohror, Kathryn; Moody, Adam; Gamblin, Todd; de Supinski, Bronis R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Maruyama, Naoya] RIKEN, Adv Inst Computat Sci, Chuo Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500047, Japan. [Matsuoka, Satoshi] Tokyo Inst Technol, Global Sci Informat & Comp Ctr, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528552, Japan. RP Sato, K (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1-W8-33 Ohokayama, Tokyo 1528552, Japan. EM kent@matsulab.is.titech.ac.jp; kathryn@llnl.gov; moody20@llnl.gov; lgamblin@llnl.gov; bronis@llnl.gov; nmaruyama@riken.jp; matsu@is.titech.ac.jp NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-4414 BN 978-1-4799-2784-5 J9 IEEE ACM INT SYMP PY 2014 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1109/CCGrid.2014.24 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4RO UT WOS:000361021000003 ER PT S AU Tudoran, R Keahey, K Riteau, P Panitkin, S Antoniu, G AF Tudoran, Radu Keahey, Kate Riteau, Pierre Panitkin, Sergey Antoniu, Gabriel BE Balaji, P Foster, I Sun, XH Cameron, KW Nikolopoulos, DS TI Evaluating Streaming Strategies for Event Processing across Infrastructure Clouds SO 2014 14TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER, CLOUD AND GRID COMPUTING (CCGRID) SE IEEE-ACM International Symposium on Cluster Cloud and Grid Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid) CY MAY 26-29, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE Comp Soc, U S Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp ID PERFORMANCE; WORKFLOWS; MAPREDUCE; CLUSTERS AB Infrastructure clouds revolutionized the way in which we approach resource procurement by providing an easy way to lease compute and storage resources on short notice, for a short amount of time, and on a pay-as-you-go basis. This new opportunity, however, introduces new performance trade-offs. Making the right choices in leveraging different types of storage available in the cloud is particularly important for applications that depend on managing large amounts of data within and across clouds. An increasing number of such applications conform to a pattern in which data processing relies on streaming the data to a compute platform where a set of similar operations is repeatedly applied to independent chunks of data. This pattern is evident in virtual observatories such as the Ocean Observatory Initiative, in cases when new data is evaluated against existing features in geospatial computations or when experimental data is processed as a series of time events. In this paper, we propose two strategies for efficiently implementing such streaming in the cloud and evaluate them in the context of an ATLAS application processing experimental data. Our results show that choosing the right cloud configuration can improve overall application performance by as much as three times. C1 [Tudoran, Radu] IRISA ENS Cachan Rennes, Rennes, France. [Antoniu, Gabriel] INRIA, Rennes Bretagne Atlantique Res Ctr, Grenoble, France. [Keahey, Kate] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Riteau, Pierre] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Panitkin, Sergey] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tudoran, R (reprint author), IRISA ENS Cachan Rennes, Rennes, France. EM radu.tudoran@inria.fr; keahey@mcs.anl.gov; priteau@uchicago.edu; panitkin@bnl.gov; gabriel.antoniu@inria.fr NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-4414 BN 978-1-4799-2784-5 J9 IEEE ACM INT SYMP PY 2014 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1109/CCGrid.2014.89 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4RO UT WOS:000361021000016 ER PT S AU Kettimuthu, R Vardoyan, G Agrawal, G Sadayappan, P AF Kettimuthu, Rajkumar Vardoyan, Gayane Agrawal, Gagan Sadayappan, P. BE Balaji, P Foster, I Sun, XH Cameron, KW Nikolopoulos, DS TI Modeling and Optimizing Large-Scale Wide-Area Data Transfers SO 2014 14TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER, CLOUD AND GRID COMPUTING (CCGRID) SE IEEE-ACM International Symposium on Cluster Cloud and Grid Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid) CY MAY 26-29, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE Comp Soc, U S Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp DE wide-area data transfer; GridFTP; modeling data transfer ID BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION; NETWORKS AB Data generated by experimental, simulation, and observational science is growing exponentially. The resulting datasets are often transported over wide-area networks for storage, analysis, or visualization. Network bandwidth, which is not increasing at the same rate as dataset sizes, is becoming a key obstacle to data-driven sciences. In this paper, we focus on how bandwidth allocation can be controlled at the level of a protocol such as GridFTP, in view of goals such as maintaining certain priorities or performing scheduling with specified objectives. In particular, we explore how GridFTP transfer performance can be controlled by using parallelism and concurrency. We find that concurrency turns out to be a more powerful control knob than is parallelism. For a source where most bandwidth is consumed by transfers to a small number of other destinations, we build a model for each destination's achieved throughput in terms of its concurrency and total concurrency (over GridFTP transfers) to other major destinations. We then enhance this model by including an indicator of the time-varying external load, using multiple ways to measure this external load. We study the effectiveness of the proposed models in controlling the bandwidth allocation. After evaluating the numerous combinations of models and methods of measuring external load, we narrow in on the four best-performing ones, based on both their validation results and their applicability. After extensive testing of these four approaches, we find that they can obtain desired bandwidth allocations with a mean(median) error rate of 19.8%(13.8%), with 38% of the errors in our benchmark tests being less than 10% and 54% of them being less than 15%. C1 [Kettimuthu, Rajkumar; Vardoyan, Gayane] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kettimuthu, Rajkumar; Agrawal, Gagan; Sadayappan, P.] Ohio State Univ, Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Kettimuthu, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kettimut@anl.gov; gvardoyan@anl.gov; agrawal@cse.ohio-state.edu; saday@cse.ohio-state.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-4414 BN 978-1-4799-2784-5 J9 IEEE ACM INT SYMP PY 2014 BP 196 EP 205 DI 10.1109/CCGrid.2014.114 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4RO UT WOS:000361021000021 ER PT S AU Dayal, J Bratcher, D Eisenhauer, G Schwan, K Wolf, M Zhang, XC Abbasi, H Klasky, S Podhorszki, N AF Dayal, Jai Bratcher, Drew Eisenhauer, Greg Schwan, Karsten Wolf, Matthew Zhang, Xuechen Abbasi, Hasan Klasky, Scott Podhorszki, Norbert BE Balaji, P Foster, I Sun, XH Cameron, KW Nikolopoulos, DS TI Flexpath: Type-Based Publish/Subscribe System for Large-scale Science Analytics SO 2014 14TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER, CLOUD AND GRID COMPUTING (CCGRID) SE IEEE-ACM International Symposium on Cluster Cloud and Grid Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid) CY MAY 26-29, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE Comp Soc, U S Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp DE Publish/Subscribe; Data Staging; Data Analytics; in-Situ; Scalable I/O; Code Coupling ID VISUALIZATION; COMBUSTION AB As high-end systems move toward exascale sizes, a new model of scientific inquiry being developed is one in which online data analytics run concurrently with the high end simulations producing data outputs. Goals are to gain rapid insights into the ongoing scientific processes, assess their scientific validity, and/or initiate corrective or supplementary actions by launching additional computations when needed. The Flexpath system presented in this paper addresses the fundamental problem of how to structure and efficiently implement the communications between high end simulations and concurrently running online data analytics, the latter comprised of componentized dynamic services and service pipelines. Using a type-based publish/subscribe approach, Flexpath encourages diversity by permitting analytics services to differ in their computational and scaling characteristics and even in their internal execution models. Flexpath uses direct and MxN connections between interacting services to reduce data movements, to allow for runtime connectivity changes to accommodate component arrivals/departures, and to support the multiple underlying communication protocols used for analytics workflows in which simulation outputs are processed by analytics services residing on the same nodes where they are generated, on the same machine, and/or on attached or remote analytics engines. This paper describes the design and implementation of Flexpath, and evaluates it with two widely used scientific applications and their associated data analytics methods. C1 [Dayal, Jai; Bratcher, Drew; Eisenhauer, Greg; Schwan, Karsten; Wolf, Matthew; Zhang, Xuechen] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Abbasi, Hasan; Klasky, Scott; Podhorszki, Norbert] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Dayal, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jdayal3@gatech.edu; dbratcher@gatech.edu; eisen@cc.gatech.edu; karsten.schwan@cc.gatech.edu; mwolf@cc.gatech.edu; xczhang@cc.gatech.edu; habbasi@ornl.gov; klasky@ornl.gov; pnorbert@ornl.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-4414 BN 978-1-4799-2784-5 J9 IEEE ACM INT SYMP PY 2014 BP 246 EP 255 DI 10.1109/CCGrid.2014.104 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4RO UT WOS:000361021000026 ER PT S AU Boyuka, DA Lakshminarasimhan, S Zou, XC Gong, ZH Jenkins, J Schendel, ER Podhorszki, N Liu, Q Klasky, S Samatova, NF AF Boyuka, David A., II Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram Zou, Xiaocheng Gong, Zhenhuan Jenkins, John Schendel, Eric R. Podhorszki, Norbert Liu, Qing Klasky, Scott Samatova, Nagiza F. BE Balaji, P Foster, I Sun, XH Cameron, KW Nikolopoulos, DS TI Transparent In Situ Data Transformations in ADIOS SO 2014 14TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER, CLOUD AND GRID COMPUTING (CCGRID) SE IEEE-ACM International Symposium on Cluster Cloud and Grid Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid) CY MAY 26-29, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE Comp Soc, U S Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp ID FLOATING-POINT DATA; VISUALIZATION AB Though an abundance of novel "data transformation" technologies have been developed (such as compression, level-of-detail, layout optimization, and indexing), there remains a notable gap in the adoption of such services by scientific applications. In response, we develop an in situ data transformation framework in the ADIOS I/O middleware with a "plugin" interface, thus greatly simplifying both the deployment and use of data transform services in scientific applications. Our approach ensures user-transparency, runtime-configurability, compatibility with existing I/O optimizations, and the potential for exploiting read-optimizing transforms (such as level-of-detail) to achieve I/O reduction. We demonstrate use of our framework with the QLG simulation at up to 8,192 cores on the leadership-class Titan supercomputer, showing negligible overhead. We also explore the read performance implications of data transforms with respect to parameters such as chunk size, access pattern, and the "opacity" of different transform methods including compression and level-of-detail. C1 [Boyuka, David A., II; Zou, Xiaocheng; Gong, Zhenhuan; Jenkins, John; Schendel, Eric R.; Samatova, Nagiza F.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Boyuka, David A., II; Zou, Xiaocheng; Gong, Zhenhuan; Jenkins, John; Schendel, Eric R.; Podhorszki, Norbert; Liu, Qing; Klasky, Scott; Samatova, Nagiza F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram] IBM India Res Lab, Bangalore 560045, Karnataka, India. RP Boyuka, DA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM daboyuka@ncsu.edu; samatova@csc.ncsu.edu OI Schendel, Eric/0000-0002-0144-7256 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-4414 BN 978-1-4799-2784-5 J9 IEEE ACM INT SYMP PY 2014 BP 256 EP 266 DI 10.1109/CCGrid.2014.73 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4RO UT WOS:000361021000027 ER PT S AU Zhao, DF Qiao, K Raicu, I AF Zhao, Dongfang Qiao, Kan Raicu, Ioan BE Balaji, P Foster, I Sun, XH Cameron, KW Nikolopoulos, DS TI HyCache plus : Towards Scalable High-Performance Caching Middleware for Parallel File Systems SO 2014 14TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER, CLOUD AND GRID COMPUTING (CCGRID) SE IEEE-ACM International Symposium on Cluster Cloud and Grid Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid) CY MAY 26-29, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE Comp Soc, U S Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp DE distributed caching; parallel and distributed file systems; heterogeneous storage ID ALGORITHM; STORAGE AB The ever-growing gap between the computation and I/O is one of the fundamental challenges for future computing systems. This computation-I/O gap is even larger for modern large scale high-performance systems due to their state-of-the-art yet decades long architecture: the compute and storage resources form two cliques that are interconnected with shared networking infrastructure. This paper presents a distributed storage middleware, called HyCache+, right on the compute nodes, which allows I/O to effectively leverage the high bi-section bandwidth of the high-speed interconnect of massively parallel high-end computing systems. HyCache+ provides the POSIX interface to end users with the memory-class I/O throughput and latency, and transparently swap the cached data with the existing slow-speed but high-capacity networked attached storage. HyCache+ has the potential to achieve both high performance and low-cost large capacity, the best of both worlds. To further improve the caching performance from the perspective of the global storage system, we propose a 2-phase mechanism to cache the hot data for parallel applications, called 2-Layer Scheduling (2LS), which minimizes the file size to be transferred between compute nodes and heuristically replaces files in the cache. We deploy HyCache+ on the IBM BlueGene/P supercomputer, and observe two orders of magnitude faster I/O throughput than the default GPFS parallel file system. Furthermore, the proposed heuristic caching approach shows 29X speedup over the traditional LRU algorithm. C1 [Zhao, Dongfang; Qiao, Kan; Raicu, Ioan] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Raicu, Ioan] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhao, DF (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM dzhao8@iit.edu; kqiao@iit.edu; iraicu@cs.iit.edu NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-4414 BN 978-1-4799-2784-5 J9 IEEE ACM INT SYMP PY 2014 BP 267 EP 276 DI 10.1109/CCGrid.2014.11 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4RO UT WOS:000361021000028 ER PT S AU Wu, H Ren, SP Garzoglio, G Timm, S Bernabeu, G Noh, SY AF Wu, Hao Ren, Shangping Garzoglio, Gabriele Timm, Steven Bernabeu, Gerard Noh, Seo-Young BE Balaji, P Foster, I Sun, XH Cameron, KW Nikolopoulos, DS TI Modeling the Virtual Machine Launching Overhead under Fermicloud SO 2014 14TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER, CLOUD AND GRID COMPUTING (CCGRID) SE IEEE-ACM International Symposium on Cluster Cloud and Grid Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid) CY MAY 26-29, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE Comp Soc, U S Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp ID CLOUD AB FermiCloud is a private cloud developed by the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory for scientific workflows. The Cloud Bursting module of the FermiCloud enables the FermiCloud, when more computational resources are needed, to automatically launch virtual machines to available resources such as public clouds. One of the main challenges in developing the cloud bursting module is to decide when and where to launch a VM so that all resources are most effectively and efficiently utilized and the system performance is optimized. However, based on FermiCloud's system operational data, the VM launching overhead is not a constant. It varies with physical resource (CPU, memory, I/O device) utilization at the time when a VM is launched. Hence, to make judicious decisions as to when and where a VM should be launched, a VM launch overhead reference model is needed. The paper is to develop a VM launch overhead reference model based on operational data we have obtained on FermiCloud and uses the reference model to guide the cloud bursting process. C1 [Wu, Hao; Ren, Shangping] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Wu, Hao; Garzoglio, Gabriele; Timm, Steven; Bernabeu, Gerard] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Noh, Seo-Young] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Natl Inst Supercomp & Networking, Taejon, South Korea. RP Wu, H (reprint author), IIT, 10 W 31st St,013, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM hwu28@iit.edu; ren@iit.edu; garzogli@final.gov; timm@final.gov; gerard1@final.gov; rsyoung@kisti.re.kr NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-4414 BN 978-1-4799-2784-5 J9 IEEE ACM INT SYMP PY 2014 BP 374 EP 383 DI 10.1109/CCGrid.2014.87 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4RO UT WOS:000361021000039 ER PT S AU Aderholdt, F Han, F Scott, SL Naughton, T AF Aderholdt, Ferrol Han, Fang Scott, Stephen L. Naughton, Thomas BE Balaji, P Foster, I Sun, XH Cameron, KW Nikolopoulos, DS TI Efficient Checkpointing of Virtual Machines using Virtual Machine Introspection SO 2014 14TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER, CLOUD AND GRID COMPUTING (CCGRID) SE IEEE-ACM International Symposium on Cluster Cloud and Grid Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid) CY MAY 26-29, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE Comp Soc, U S Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp DE Virtualization; Cloud; Checkpointing AB Cloud Computing environments rely heavily on system-level virtualization. This is due to the inherent benefits of virtualization including fault tolerance through checkpoint/restart (C/R) mechanisms. Because clouds are the abstraction of large datacenters and large datacenters have a higher potential for failure, it is imperative that a C/R mechanism for such an environment provide minimal latency as well as a small checkpoint file size. Recently, there has been much research into C/R with respect to virtual machines (VM) providing excellent solutions to reduce either checkpoint latency or checkpoint file size. However, these approaches do not provide both. This paper presents a method of checkpointing VMs by utilizing virtual machine introspection (VMI). Through the usage of VMI, we are able to determine which pages of memory within the guest are used or free and are better able to reduce the amount of pages written to disk during a checkpoint. We have validated this work by using various benchmarks to measure the latency along with the checkpoint size. With respect to checkpoint file size, our approach results in file sizes within 24% or less of the actual used memory within the guest. Additionally, the checkpoint latency of our approach is up to 52% faster than KVM's default method. C1 [Aderholdt, Ferrol; Han, Fang; Scott, Stephen L.] Tennessee Technol Univ, ECE Dept, Cookeville, TN 38501 USA. [Scott, Stephen L.; Naughton, Thomas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Aderholdt, F (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, ECE Dept, Cookeville, TN 38501 USA. EM wfaderhold21@students.tntech.edu; fhan42@students.tntech.edu; scottsl@ornl.gov; naughtont@ornl.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-4414 BN 978-1-4799-2784-5 J9 IEEE ACM INT SYMP PY 2014 BP 414 EP 423 DI 10.1109/CCGrid.2014.72 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4RO UT WOS:000361021000043 ER PT S AU Dai, D Chen, Y Kimpe, D Ross, R AF Dai, Dong Chen, Yong Kimpe, Dries Ross, Rob BE Balaji, P Foster, I Sun, XH Cameron, KW Nikolopoulos, DS TI Provenance-Based Prediction Scheme for Object Storage System in HPC SO 2014 14TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER, CLOUD AND GRID COMPUTING (CCGRID) SE IEEE-ACM International Symposium on Cluster Cloud and Grid Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid) CY MAY 26-29, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE Comp Soc, U S Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp C1 [Dai, Dong; Chen, Yong] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Kimpe, Dries; Ross, Rob] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dai, D (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM dong.dai@ttu.edu; yong.chen@ttu.edu; dkimpe@mcs.anl.gov; rross@mcs.anl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-4414 BN 978-1-4799-2784-5 J9 IEEE ACM INT SYMP PY 2014 BP 550 EP 551 DI 10.1109/CCGrid.2014.27 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4RO UT WOS:000361021000063 ER PT S AU Armstrong, TG Wozniak, JM Wilde, M Foster, IT AF Armstrong, Timothy G. Wozniak, Justin M. Wilde, Michael Foster, Ian T. BE Balaji, P Foster, I Sun, XH Cameron, KW Nikolopoulos, DS TI Compiler Optimization for Extreme-Scale Scripting SO 2014 14TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER, CLOUD AND GRID COMPUTING (CCGRID) SE IEEE-ACM International Symposium on Cluster Cloud and Grid Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid) CY MAY 26-29, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE Comp Soc, U S Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp AB The data-driven task parallelism execution model can support parallel programming models that are well suited for large-scale distributed-memory parallel computing, for example, simulations and analysis pipelines running on clusters and clouds. We describe a novel compiler intermediate representation and optimizations for this execution model, including adaptions of standard techniques alongside novel techniques. These techniques are applied to Swift/T, a high-level scripting language for flexible data flow composition of functions, which may be serial or use lower-level parallel programming models such as MPI and OpenMP. This paper presents preliminary results, indicating that our compiler optimizations reduce communication overhead by 70% to 93% on distributed-memory systems. C1 [Armstrong, Timothy G.; Foster, Ian T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wozniak, Justin M.; Wilde, Michael; Foster, Ian T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wozniak, Justin M.; Wilde, Michael; Foster, Ian T.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wozniak, Justin M.; Wilde, Michael; Foster, Ian T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP Armstrong, TG (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-4414 BN 978-1-4799-2784-5 J9 IEEE ACM INT SYMP PY 2014 BP 571 EP 574 DI 10.1109/CCGrid.2014.115 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4RO UT WOS:000361021000069 ER PT S AU Ruivo, TPPD Altayo, GB Garzoglio, G Timm, S Kim, HW Noh, SY Raicu, I AF Ruivo, Tiago Pais Pitta de Lacerda Altayo, Gerard Bernabeu Garzoglio, Gabriele Timm, Steven Kim, Hyun Woo Noh, Seo-Young Raicu, Ioan BE Balaji, P Foster, I Sun, XH Cameron, KW Nikolopoulos, DS TI Exploring Infiniband Hardware Virtualization in OpenNebula towards Efficient High-Performance Computing SO 2014 14TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER, CLOUD AND GRID COMPUTING (CCGRID) SE IEEE-ACM International Symposium on Cluster Cloud and Grid Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid) CY MAY 26-29, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE Comp Soc, U S Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp DE Infiniband; virtualization; Cloud Computing; OpenNebula; SRIOV; Linpack; HPC AB It has been widely accepted that software virtualization has a big negative impact on high-performance computing (HPC) application performance. This work explores the potential use of Infiniband hardware virtualization in an OpenNebula cloud towards the efficient support of MPI-based workloads. We have implemented, deployed, and tested an Infiniband network on the FermiCloud private Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud. To avoid software virtualization towards minimizing the virtualization overhead, we employed a technique called Single Root Input/Output Virtualization (SRIOV). Our solution spanned modifications to the Linux's Hypervisor as well as the OpenNebula manager. We evaluated the performance of the hardware virtualization on up to 56 virtual machines connected by up to 8 DDR Infiniband network links, with micro-benchmarks (latency and bandwidth) as well as with a MPI-intensive application (the HPL Linpack benchmark). C1 [Ruivo, Tiago Pais Pitta de Lacerda; Altayo, Gerard Bernabeu; Garzoglio, Gabriele; Timm, Steven; Kim, Hyun Woo] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Comp Sci, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Ruivo, Tiago Pais Pitta de Lacerda; Raicu, Ioan] IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Noh, Seo-Young] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Sci Expt Data Hub Ctr, Global, Seoul, South Korea. [Raicu, Ioan] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ruivo, TPPD (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Comp Sci, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM tpaispit@hawk.iit.edu; gerard1@fnal.gov; garzogli@fnal.gov; timm@fnal.gov; hyunwoo@fnal.gov; rsyoung@kisti.re.kr; iraicu@cs.iit.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-4414 BN 978-1-4799-2784-5 J9 IEEE ACM INT SYMP PY 2014 BP 943 EP 948 DI 10.1109/CCGrid.2014.90 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD4RO UT WOS:000361021000117 ER PT S AU Fink, GA Griswold, RL Beech, ZW AF Fink, Glenn A. Griswold, Richard L. Beech, Zachary W. GP IEEE TI Quantifying Cyber-Resilience Against Resource-Exhaustion Attacks SO 2014 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RESILIENT CONTROL SYSTEMS (ISRCS) SE International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems (ISRCS) CY AUG 19-21, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP Idaho Natl Lab, Temple Univ, Florida Inst Technol, Ohio State Univ, Univ Denver, Colorado State Univ, AF Res Inst, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Ind Elect Soc, Ctr Adv Energy Studies, Human Factors & Ergon Soc DE Resilience; material science; information science; stress; strain; cyber systems AB Resilience in the information sciences is notoriously difficult to define much less to measure. But in mechanical engineering, the resilience of a substance is mathematically well-defined as an area under the stress-strain curve. We combined inspiration from mechanics of materials and axioms from queuing theory in an attempt to define resilience precisely for information systems. We first examine the meaning of resilience in linguistic and engineering terms and then translate these definitions to information sciences. As a general assessment of our approach's fitness, we quantify how resilience may be measured in a simple queuing system. By using a very simple model we allow clear application of established theory while being flexible enough to apply to many other engineering contexts in information science and cyber security. We tested our definitions of resilience via simulation and analysis of networked queuing systems. We conclude with a discussion of the results and make recommendations for future work. C1 [Fink, Glenn A.; Griswold, Richard L.; Beech, Zachary W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fink, GA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-7994 BN 978-1-4799-4187-2 J9 INT SYMP RESIL CONTR PY 2014 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BD4QF UT WOS:000361008200009 ER PT S AU Hink, RCB Beaver, JM Buckner, MA Morris, T Adhikari, U Pan, SY AF Hink, Raymond C. Borges Beaver, Justin M. Buckner, Mark A. Morris, Tommy Adhikari, Uttam Pan, Shengyi GP IEEE TI Machine Learning for Power System Disturbance and Cyber-attack Discrimination SO 2014 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RESILIENT CONTROL SYSTEMS (ISRCS) SE International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems (ISRCS) CY AUG 19-21, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP Idaho Natl Lab, Temple Univ, Florida Inst Technol, Ohio State Univ, Univ Denver, Colorado State Univ, AF Res Inst, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Ind Elect Soc, Ctr Adv Energy Studies, Human Factors & Ergon Soc DE machine learning; cyber-attack; SCADA; Smart grid AB Power system disturbances are inherently complex and can be attributed to a wide range of sources, including both natural and man-made events. Currently, the power system operators are heavily relied on to make decisions regarding the causes of experienced disturbances and the appropriate course of action as a response. In the case of cyber-attacks against a power system, human judgment is less certain since there is an overt attempt to disguise the attack and deceive the operators as to the true state of the system. To enable the human decision maker, we explore the viability of machine learning as a means for discriminating types of power system disturbances, and focus specifically on detecting cyber-attacks where deception is a core tenet of the event. We evaluate various machine learning methods as disturbance discriminators and discuss the practical implications for deploying machine learning systems as an enhancement to existing power system architectures. C1 [Hink, Raymond C. Borges; Beaver, Justin M.; Buckner, Mark A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Morris, Tommy; Adhikari, Uttam; Pan, Shengyi] Mississippi State Univ, Crit Infrastruct Protect Ctr, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Hink, RCB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM borgesrc@ornl.gov; beaverjm@ornl.gov; bucknerma@ornl.gov; morris@msstate.edu; ua31@msstate.edu; sp821@msstate.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-7994 BN 978-1-4799-4187-2 J9 INT SYMP RESIL CONTR PY 2014 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BD4QF UT WOS:000361008200011 ER PT S AU Lew, R Boring, RL Ulrich, TA AF Lew, Roger Boring, Ronald L. Ulrich, Thomas A. GP IEEE TI A Prototyping Environment for Research on Human-Machine Interfaces in Process Control Use of Microsoft WPF for Microworld and Distributed Control System Development SO 2014 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RESILIENT CONTROL SYSTEMS (ISRCS) SE International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems (ISRCS) CY AUG 19-21, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP Idaho Natl Lab, Temple Univ, Florida Inst Technol, Ohio State Univ, Univ Denver, Colorado State Univ, AF Res Inst, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Ind Elect Soc, Ctr Adv Energy Studies, Human Factors & Ergon Soc DE human-machine interface (HMI); distributed control system (DCS); prototype; microworld ID DESIGN AB Operators of critical processes, such as nuclear power production, must contend with highly complex systems, procedures, and regulations. Developing human-machine interfaces (HMIs) that better support operators is a high priority for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of critical processes. Human factors engineering (HFE) provides a rich and mature set of tools for evaluating the performance of HMIs, but the set of tools for developing and designing HMIs is still in its infancy. Here we propose that Microsoft Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is well suited for many roles in the research and development of HMIs for process control. C1 [Lew, Roger] Univ Idaho, Dept Psychol & Commun Studies, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Boring, Ronald L.; Ulrich, Thomas A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Human Factors & Stat Dept, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Lew, R (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Psychol & Commun Studies, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM rogerlew@vandals.uidaho.edu; ronald.boring@inl.gov; thomas.ulrich@inl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-7994 BN 978-1-4799-4187-2 J9 INT SYMP RESIL CONTR PY 2014 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BD4QF UT WOS:000361008200027 ER PT S AU Lew, R Boring, RL Ulrich, TA Thomas, K AF Lew, Roger Boring, Ronald L. Ulrich, Thomas A. Thomas, Ken GP IEEE TI The Initial Development of a Computerized Operator Support System SO 2014 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RESILIENT CONTROL SYSTEMS (ISRCS) SE International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems (ISRCS) CY AUG 19-21, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP Idaho Natl Lab, Temple Univ, Florida Inst Technol, Ohio State Univ, Univ Denver, Colorado State Univ, AF Res Inst, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Ind Elect Soc, Ctr Adv Energy Studies, Human Factors & Ergon Soc DE human machine interface (HMI); computerized operator support system (COSS); chemical volume control system (CVCS); nuclear power plant (NPP) AB A computerized operator support system (COSS) is a collection of resilient software technologies to assist operators in monitoring overall nuclear power plant performance and making timely, informed decisions on appropriate control actions for the projected plant condition. The COSS provides rapid assessments, computations, and recommendations to reduce workload and augment operator judgment and decision-making during fast-moving, complex events. A prototype COSS for a chemical volume control system at a nuclear power plant has been developed in order to demonstrate the concept and provide a test bed for further research. The development process identified four underlying elements necessary for the prototype, which consist of a digital alarm system, computer-based procedures, piping and instrumentation diagram system representations, and a recommender module for mitigation actions. An operational prototype resides at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) using the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Human Systems Simulation Laboratory (HSSL). Several human-machine interface (HMI) considerations are identified and incorporated in the prototype during this initial round of development. C1 [Lew, Roger; Boring, Ronald L.; Ulrich, Thomas A.; Thomas, Ken] Idaho Natl Lab, Human Factors & Stat, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Lew, R (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Human Factors & Stat, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM roger.lew@inl.gov; ronald.boring@inl.gov; thomas.ulrich@inl.gov; kenneth.thomas@inl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-7994 BN 978-1-4799-4187-2 J9 INT SYMP RESIL CONTR PY 2014 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BD4QF UT WOS:000361008200026 ER PT S AU Rieger, CG AF Rieger, Craig G. GP IEEE TI Resilient Control Systems Practical Metrics Basis for Defining Mission Impact SO 2014 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RESILIENT CONTROL SYSTEMS (ISRCS) SE International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems (ISRCS) CY AUG 19-21, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP Idaho Natl Lab, Temple Univ, Florida Inst Technol, Ohio State Univ, Univ Denver, Colorado State Univ, AF Res Inst, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Ind Elect Soc, Ctr Adv Energy Studies, Human Factors & Ergon Soc DE Metrics; cogntive; cyber-physical; adaptive capacity; adaptive insufficience; resilience; robustness; performance; threats AB "Resilience" describes how systems operate at an acceptable level of normalcy despite disturbances or threats. In this paper we first consider the cognitive, cyber-physical interdependencies inherent in critical infrastructure systems and how resilience differs from reliability to mitigate these risks. Terminology and metrics basis are provided to integrate the cognitive, cyber-physical aspects that should be considered when defining solutions for resilience. A practical approach is taken to roll this metrics basis up to system integrity and business case metrics that establish "proper operation" and "impact." A notional chemical processing plant is the use case for demonstrating how the system integrity metrics can be applied to establish performance, and as well, the effects on the process that roll into the business case. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Rieger, CG (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-7994 BN 978-1-4799-4187-2 J9 INT SYMP RESIL CONTR PY 2014 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BD4QF UT WOS:000361008200024 ER PT S AU Thompson, M Evans, N Kisekka, V AF Thompson, Michael Evans, Nathaniel Kisekka, Victoria GP IEEE TI Multiple OS Rotational Environment An Implemented Moving Target Defense SO 2014 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RESILIENT CONTROL SYSTEMS (ISRCS) SE International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems (ISRCS) CY AUG 19-21, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP Idaho Natl Lab, Temple Univ, Florida Inst Technol, Ohio State Univ, Univ Denver, Colorado State Univ, AF Res Inst, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Ind Elect Soc, Ctr Adv Energy Studies, Human Factors & Ergon Soc AB Cyber-attacks continue to pose a major threat to existing critical infrastructure. Although suggestions for defensive strategies abound, Moving Target Defense (MTD) has only recently gained attention as a possible solution for mitigating cyber-attacks. The current work proposes a MTD technique that provides enhanced security through a rotation of multiple operating systems. The MTD solution developed in this research utilizes existing technology to provide a feasible dynamic defense solution that can be deployed easily in a real networking environment. In addition, the system we developed was tested extensively for effectiveness using CORE Impact Pro (CORE), Nmap, and manual penetration tests. The test results showed that platform diversity and rotation offer improved security. In addition, the likelihood of a successful attack decreased proportionally with time between rotations. C1 [Thompson, Michael; Evans, Nathaniel] Argonne Natl Lab, Infrastructure Assurance Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kisekka, Victoria] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Management, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Thompson, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Infrastructure Assurance Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM thompsonm@anl.gov; nevans@anl.gov; vkisekka@buffalo.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-7994 BN 978-1-4799-4187-2 J9 INT SYMP RESIL CONTR PY 2014 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BD4QF UT WOS:000361008200002 ER PT J AU Buja, F Kokorian, J Sumant, AV van Spengen, WM AF Buja, Federico Kokorian, Jaap Sumant, Anirudha V. van Spengen, W. Merlijn GP IEEE TI First Adhesion Measurements of Conductive Ultrananocrystalline Diamond MEMS Sidewalls SO 2014 9TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANO/MICRO ENGINEERED AND MOLECULAR SYSTEMS (NEMS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS) CY APR 13-16, 2014 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Nanotechnol Council, IEEE, Chinese Int NEMS Soc, City Univ Hong Kong, Univ Hawaii, Univ California, Chinese Acad Sci DE Adhesion; nitrogen; boron; diamond; MEMS; ultranano; crystalline; sidewall ID MEMS/NEMS AB We present the first measuremenst of adhesion between two micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) surfaces, fully fabricated with boron doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (B-UNCD). This research allows us to explore the potential of conductive UNCD MEMS for the solution of issues like adhesion and friction in micro-devices and describe with accuracy the effects involved. By means of standard lithographic techniques, we have fabricated a diamond micro thermal actuator (chevron type), which is used as a platform for tribological testing. A peculiar effect has been observed in the adhesion phenomenon of UNCD. It involves with high probability, an interaction between hydrocarbon/amorphous carbon layers (a-C) that cover the two diamond contacting surfaces. The as-etched device shows a 'chewing-gum' effect in the adhesion curve, probably due to the formation of hydrocarbon/a-C chains after the interaction of the surfaces. This effect disappears when the device is treated in oxygen plasma and the hydrocarbon/a-C is removed. The study of this phenomenon will be followed by more accurate analysis and atomistic simulation and the results will be compared with nitrogen-incorporated UNCD (N-UNCD) fabricated devices. C1 [Buja, Federico; Kokorian, Jaap; van Spengen, W. Merlijn] Delft Univ Technol, Micro & Nano Engn Grp, Delft, Netherlands. [Sumant, Anirudha V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [van Spengen, W. Merlijn] Falco Syst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Buja, F (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Micro & Nano Engn Grp, Dept Precis & Microsyst Engn, Delft, Netherlands. EM f.buja@tudelft.nl OI Kokorian, Jaap/0000-0001-9147-5869 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4726-3 PY 2014 BP 77 EP 80 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD4SL UT WOS:000361044400017 ER PT S AU Thebeau, D Reidy, B Valerdi, R Gudagi, A Kurra, H Al-Nashif, Y Hariri, S Sheldon, F AF Thebeau, Danny, II Reidy, Benjamin Valerdi, Ricardo Gudagi, Avinash Kurra, Hemayamini Al-Nashif, Youssif Hariri, Salim Sheldon, Frederick BE Madni, AM Boehm, B TI Improving cyber resiliency of cloud application services by applying Software Behavior Encryption (SBE) SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Systems Engineering Research CY MAR 20-22, 2014 CL Redondo Beach, CA DE Moving Target Defense (MTD); Software Behavior Encryption (SBE); Storage Dynamic Encryption (SDE); Resiliency; Attack Surface; Survivability; Availability; Integrity; Confidentiality AB The objective of this work is to define and measure cyber resiliency of the "cloud" in a Moving Target Defense (MTD) environment that applies the Software Behavior Encryption (SBE) method. Implementation of SBE has shown to increase vulnerability tolerance in a particular software system by introducing software diversity and redundant version shuffling to obfuscate the system to attackers. With this in mind, this paper nominates attack surface, confidentiality, integrity, availability, and survivability as the critical components of cyber resiliency, and a notional example is provided to demonstrate the components application and aggregation. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thebeau, Danny, II; Reidy, Benjamin; Valerdi, Ricardo] Univ Arizona, Dept Syst & Ind Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gudagi, Avinash; Kurra, Hemayamini; Al-Nashif, Youssif; Hariri, Salim] Univ Arizona, Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sheldon, Frederick] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Software Engn Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thebeau, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Syst & Ind Engn, 1127 E James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dthebeau@email.arizona.edu OI Sheldon, Frederick/0000-0003-1241-2750 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2014 VL 28 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2014.03.009 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4JF UT WOS:000360837700008 ER PT S AU Hussain, F Ramanathan, A Pullum, LL Jha, SK AF Hussain, Faraz Ramanathan, Arvind Pullum, Laura L. Jha, Sumit K. GP IEEE TI EpiSpec: A Formal Specification Language for Parameterized Agent-Based Models against Epidemiological Ground Truth SO 2014 IEEE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL ADVANCES IN BIO AND MEDICAL SCIENCES (ICCABS) SE International Conference on Computational Advances in Bio and Medical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Conference on Computational Advances in Bio and Medical Sciences (ICCABS) CY JUN 02-04, 2014 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE, Univ Connecticut, NSF, UCONN BECAT ID BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; CHECKING AB Building complex computational models of the spread of epidemics is a problem that has seen renewed interest in recent years. Such models are being used for understanding real-time disease evolution prediction and are also proving useful in the prevention, monitoring and control of contagious diseases. There is a pressing need to ensure reliability of epidemiological models since they are widely used in safety-critical applications. In this paper, we present a new spatiotemporal specification language, EpiSpec, for describing detailed properties of agent-based computational epidemiological models. We describe the formal syntax of EpiSpec and demonstrate its use by describing various spatio-temporal properties related to disease evolution, and propose the use of statistical model checking as an algorithmic technique for verification and validation of large computational epidemiological models. C1 [Hussain, Faraz; Jha, Sumit K.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Ramanathan, Arvind; Pullum, Laura L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Analyt Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Hussain, F (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM fhussain@eecs.ucf.edu; ramanathana@ornl.gov; pulluml@ornl.gov; jha@eecs.ucf.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-229X J9 INT CONF COMPUT ADV PY 2014 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD4SQ UT WOS:000361057400016 ER PT S AU Pullum, LL Ramanathan, A AF Pullum, Laura L. Ramanathan, Arvind GP IEEE TI Oak Ridge Biosurveillance Toolkit: Scalable Machine Learning for Public Health Surveillance SO 2014 IEEE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL ADVANCES IN BIO AND MEDICAL SCIENCES (ICCABS) SE International Conference on Computational Advances in Bio and Medical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Conference on Computational Advances in Bio and Medical Sciences (ICCABS) CY JUN 02-04, 2014 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE, Univ Connecticut, NSF, UCONN BECAT DE big data; public health; machine learning C1 [Pullum, Laura L.; Ramanathan, Arvind] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pullum, LL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pullumll@ornl.gov; ramanathana@ornl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-229X J9 INT CONF COMPUT ADV PY 2014 PG 1 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD4SQ UT WOS:000361057400025 ER PT S AU Mittal, S Vetter, JS Li, D AF Mittal, Sparsh Vetter, Jeffrey S. Li, Dong GP IEEE TI LastingNVCache: A Technique for Improving the Lifetime of Non-volatile Caches SO 2014 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON VLSI (ISVLSI) SE IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Computer-Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI) CY JUL 09-11, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Circuites & Syst Soc DE Non-volatile memory (NVM); microarchitectural technique; device lifetime; write-endurance; wear-leveling; intra-set write variation ID HYBRID CACHE AB Use of non-volatile memory (NVM) devices such as resistive RAM (ReRAM) and spin transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM) for designing on-chip caches holds the promise of providing a high-density, low-leakage alternative to SRAM. However, low write endurance of NVMs, along with the write-variation introduced by existing cache management schemes significantly limits the lifetime of NVM caches. We present LastingNVCache, a technique for improving the cache lifetime by mitigating the intra-set write variation. LastingNVCache works on the key idea that by periodically flushing a frequently-written data-item, next time the block can be made to load into a cold block in the set. Through this, the future writes to that data-item can be redirected from a hot block to a cold block, which leads to improvement in the cache lifetime. Microarchitectural simulations have shown that LastingNVCache provides 6.36X, 9.79X, and 10.94X improvement in lifetime for single, dual and quad-core systems, respectively. Also, its implementation overhead is small and it outperforms a recently proposed technique for improving lifetime of NVM caches. C1 [Mittal, Sparsh; Vetter, Jeffrey S.; Li, Dong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Mittal, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mittals@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov; lid1@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-3469 BN 978-1-4799-3765-3 J9 IEEE COMPUT SOC PY 2014 BP 535 EP 541 DI 10.1109/ISVLSI.2014.69 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD4QJ UT WOS:000361018000093 ER PT S AU Prosser, B Dawes, N Fulp, EW McKinnon, AD Fink, GA AF Prosser, Bryan Dawes, Neal Fulp, Errin W. McKinnon, A. David Fink, Glenn A. GP IEEE TI Using Set-Based Heading to Improve Mobile Agent Movement SO 2014 IEEE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SELF-ADAPTIVE AND SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEMS (SASO) SE International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems (SASO) CY SEP 08-12, 2014 CL Imperial Coll London, Fac Engn, London, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Smart Informat Flow Technologies, Dynam Object Language Lab HO Imperial Coll London, Fac Engn DE mobile agents; heading; random walk; cover time ID SENSOR NETWORKS AB Cover time measures the time (or number of steps) required for a mobile agent to visit each node in a network (graph) at least once. A short cover time is important for search or foraging applications that require mobile agents to quickly inspect or monitor nodes in a network, such as providing situational awareness or security. Speed can be achieved if details about the graph are known or if the agent maintains a history of visited nodes; however, these requirements may not be feasible for agents with limited resources, they are difficult in dynamic graph topologies, and they do not easily scale to large networks. This paper introduces a set-based form of heading (directional bias) that allows an agent to more efficiently explore any connected graph, static or dynamic. When deciding the next node to visit, agents are discouraged from visiting nodes that neighbor both their previous and current locations. Modifying a traditional movement method, e.g., random walk, with this concept encourages an agent to move toward nodes that are less likely to have been previously visited, reducing cover time. Simulation results with grid, scale-free, and minimum distance graphs demonstrate heading can consistently reduce cover time as compared to non-heading movement techniques. C1 [Prosser, Bryan; Dawes, Neal; Fulp, Errin W.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [McKinnon, A. David; Fink, Glenn A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Prosser, B (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM prosbj9@wfu.edu; fulp@wfu.edu; david.mckinnon@pnnl.gov; glenn.fink@pnnl.gov OI Fink, Glenn/0000-0001-5731-6514; McKinnon, Archibald/0000-0002-3963-783X NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1949-3673 BN 978-1-4799-5367-7 J9 INT CONF SELF SELF PY 2014 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1109/SASO.2014.24 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD4RQ UT WOS:000361021200013 ER PT S AU Ghoshal, D Ramakrishnan, L AF Ghoshal, Devarshi Ramakrishnan, Lavanya GP IEEE TI Provisioning, Placement and Pipelining Strategies for Data-Intensive Applications in Cloud Environments SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLOUD ENGINEERING (IC2E) SE International Conference on Cloud Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering (IC2E) CY MAR 11-14, 2014 CL Boston Univ, Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, TCBIS, STC Cloud Comp, IEEE Cloud COmp, IBM Res HO Boston Univ AB Clouds are increasingly being used for running data-intensive scientific applications. Data-intensive science applications need performance, scalability and reliability. However, these can be hard to achieve in cloud environments. Intelligent strategies are required to obtain better performance, scalability and reliability on cloud platforms. In this paper, we propose a set of pipelining strategies to effectively utilize provisioned cloud resources. Our experiments on the ExoGENI cloud testbed demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach in increasing performance and reducing failures. C1 [Ghoshal, Devarshi] Indiana Univ, Sch Informat & Comp, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Ramakrishnan, Lavanya] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ghoshal, D (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Informat & Comp, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM dghoshal@cs.indiana.edu; lramakrishnan@lbl.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-3845 BN 978-1-4799-3766-0 J9 INT CONF CLOUD ENG PY 2014 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1109/IC2E.2014.66 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4QP UT WOS:000361018600039 ER PT S AU Hussain, A Faber, T Braden, R Benzel, T Yardley, T Jones, J Nicol, DM Sanders, WH Edgar, TW Carroll, TE Manz, DO Tinnel, L AF Hussain, Alefiya Faber, Ted Braden, Robert Benzel, Terry Yardley, Tim Jones, Jeremy Nicol, David M. Sanders, William H. Edgar, Thomas W. Carroll, Thomas E. Manz, David O. Tinnel, Laura GP IEEE TI Enabling Collaborative Research for Security and Resiliency of Energy Cyber Physical Systems SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING IN SENSOR SYSTEMS (IEEE DCOSS 2014) SE IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS) CY MAY 26-28, 2014 CL Marina Del Rey, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Assoc Comp Machinery AB The University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (Illinois), Pacific Northwest National Labs (PNNL), and the University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute (USC-ISI) consortium is working toward providing tools and expertise to enable collaborative research to improve security and resiliency of cyber physical systems. In this extended abstract we discuss the challenges and the solution space. We demonstrate the feasibility of some of the proposed components through a wide-area situational awareness experiment for the power grid across the three sites. C1 [Hussain, Alefiya; Faber, Ted; Braden, Robert; Benzel, Terry] USC ISI, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. [Yardley, Tim; Jones, Jeremy; Nicol, David M.; Sanders, William H.] UIUC, Champaign, IL USA. [Edgar, Thomas W.; Carroll, Thomas E.; Manz, David O.] PNNL, Richland, WA USA. [Tinnel, Laura] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Hussain, A (reprint author), USC ISI, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-2936 BN 978-1-4799-4618-1 J9 IEEE INT CONF DISTR PY 2014 BP 358 EP 360 DI 10.1109/DCOSS.2014.36 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD4RF UT WOS:000361020100053 ER PT S AU Cox, JA Lentine, AL Savignon, DJ Trotter, DC Starbuck, AL AF Cox, Jonathan A. Lentine, Anthony L. Savignon, Daniel J. Trotter, D. C. Starbuck, Andrew L. GP IEEE TI Wavelength control of resonant photonic modulators via balanced homodyne locking SO 2014 IEEE OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS CONFERENCE SE Optical Interconnects Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE-Photonics-Society Optical Interconnects Conference CY MAY 04-07, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Photon Soc, Huawei, Intel, HP Labs, Oracle Labs AB We present a new, robust method for control of resonant modulator wavelength that is integrated with an on-chip balanced detector. Experimental results demonstrate long-term locking with low bit error rate over greater than 55 degrees C range. C1 [Cox, Jonathan A.; Lentine, Anthony L.; Savignon, Daniel J.; Trotter, D. C.; Starbuck, Andrew L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Cox, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM jacox@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-8665 BN 978-1-4799-2468-4 J9 OPT INTERCONNECT C PY 2014 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD4QY UT WOS:000361019400003 ER PT S AU DeRose, CT Kekatpure, R Starbuck, A Pomerene, A Lentine, AL AF DeRose, Christopher T. Kekatpure, Rohan Starbuck, Andrew Pomerene, Andrew Lentine, Anthony L. GP IEEE TI A CMOS Compatible External Heater-Modulator SO 2014 IEEE OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS CONFERENCE SE Optical Interconnects Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE-Photonics-Society Optical Interconnects Conference CY MAY 04-07, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Photon Soc, Huawei, Intel, HP Labs, Oracle Labs AB We present simulation and experimental results of a novel external heater-modulator structure. A heater efficiency of 21.3 mu W/GHz is measured with no power penalty between heater off and heater on states observed at 10 Gbps. C1 [DeRose, Christopher T.; Kekatpure, Rohan; Starbuck, Andrew; Pomerene, Andrew; Lentine, Anthony L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Photon Microsyst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP DeRose, CT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Photon Microsyst, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cderose@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-8665 BN 978-1-4799-2468-4 J9 OPT INTERCONNECT C PY 2014 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD4QY UT WOS:000361019400008 ER PT S AU Latchu, T Pochet, M Usechak, NG DeRose, C Lentine, A Trotter, DC Zortman, W AF Latchu, T. Pochet, M. Usechak, N. G. DeRose, C. Lentine, A. Trotter, D. C. Zortman, W. GP IEEE TI Power-Penalty Comparison of Push-Pull and Traveling-Wave Electrode Silicon Mach-Zehnder Modulators SO 2014 IEEE OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS CONFERENCE SE Optical Interconnects Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE-Photonics-Society Optical Interconnects Conference CY MAY 04-07, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Photon Soc, Huawei, Intel, HP Labs, Oracle Labs AB Power-penalty measurements on two Si Mach-Zehnder modulator designs, each compatible with standard CMOS processing, were performed. The results highlight the power penalty and bandwidth advantages of the traveling-wave electrode design over a push-pull single-electrode design. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Latchu, T.; Pochet, M.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Usechak, N. G.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [DeRose, C.; Lentine, A.; Trotter, D. C.; Zortman, W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Latchu, T (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.pochet@afit.edu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-8665 BN 978-1-4799-2468-4 J9 OPT INTERCONNECT C PY 2014 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD4QY UT WOS:000361019400012 ER PT S AU Aguinaldo, R Forencich, A DeRose, C Lentine, A Starbuck, A Fainman, Y Porter, G Papen, G Mookherjea, S AF Aguinaldo, Ryan Forencich, Alex DeRose, Christopher Lentine, Anthony Starbuck, Andrew Fainman, Yeshaiahu Porter, George Papen, George Mookherjea, Shayan GP IEEE TI Characterization of a silicon-photonic wideband switch in UCSD's MORDIA ring network SO 2014 IEEE OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS CONFERENCE SE Optical Interconnects Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE-Photonics-Society Optical Interconnects Conference CY MAY 04-07, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Photon Soc, Huawei, Intel, HP Labs, Oracle Labs AB We demonstrate and investigate concurrent switching of twenty 10-Gbps channels using a silicon Mach-Zehnder interferometer switching structure with low on-state loss, low power, and microsecond-scale switching time. C1 [Aguinaldo, Ryan; Forencich, Alex; Fainman, Yeshaiahu; Porter, George; Papen, George; Mookherjea, Shayan] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [DeRose, Christopher; Lentine, Anthony; Starbuck, Andrew] Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Photon Microsyst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Aguinaldo, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Mail Code 0407, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM smookherjea@ucsd.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-8665 BN 978-1-4799-2468-4 J9 OPT INTERCONNECT C PY 2014 BP 102 EP 103 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD4QY UT WOS:000361019400047 ER PT S AU DeRose, CT Martinez, NJ Kekatpure, RD Zortman, WA Starbuck, AL Pomerene, A Lentine, AL AF DeRose, Christopher T. Martinez, Nicholas J. Kekatpure, Rohan D. Zortman, William A. Starbuck, Andrew L. Pomerene, Andrew Lentine, Anthony L. GP IEEE TI Thermal Crosstalk Limits for Silicon Photonic DWDM Interconnects SO 2014 IEEE OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS CONFERENCE SE Optical Interconnects Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE-Photonics-Society Optical Interconnects Conference CY MAY 04-07, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Photon Soc, Huawei, Intel, HP Labs, Oracle Labs AB We present theoretical modeling and experimental results of the thermal crosstalk and time constants of micro-disk modulators as a function of the spacing between nearby devices, taking into consideration the effects of dense metallic interconnects. C1 [DeRose, Christopher T.; Martinez, Nicholas J.; Kekatpure, Rohan D.; Zortman, William A.; Starbuck, Andrew L.; Pomerene, Andrew; Lentine, Anthony L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Photon Microsyst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP DeRose, CT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Photon Microsyst, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cderose@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-8665 BN 978-1-4799-2468-4 J9 OPT INTERCONNECT C PY 2014 BP 125 EP 126 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD4QY UT WOS:000361019400058 ER PT S AU Aguinaldo, R Weigel, PO Grant, H DeRose, C Lentine, A Pomerene, A Starbuck, A Mookherjea, S AF Aguinaldo, Ryan Weigel, Peter O. Grant, Hannah DeRose, Christopher Lentine, Anthony Pomerene, Andrew Starbuck, Andrew Mookherjea, Shayan GP IEEE TI Characterization of a silicon-photonic multi-wavelength power monitor SO 2014 IEEE OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS CONFERENCE SE Optical Interconnects Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE-Photonics-Society Optical Interconnects Conference CY MAY 04-07, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Photon Soc, Huawei, Intel, HP Labs, Oracle Labs AB We describe the design and operation of a silicon-photonic device for monitoring power variations of individual channels in a multi-wavelength DWDM network. Amplitude variations of similar to 20 dB, for channels spaced by 100 GHz, are measured. C1 [Aguinaldo, Ryan; Weigel, Peter O.; Grant, Hannah; Mookherjea, Shayan] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [DeRose, Christopher; Lentine, Anthony; Pomerene, Andrew; Starbuck, Andrew] Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Photon Microsyst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Aguinaldo, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Mail Code 0407, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM raguinaldo@ucsd.edu; smookherjea@ucsd.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-8665 BN 978-1-4799-2468-4 J9 OPT INTERCONNECT C PY 2014 BP 139 EP 140 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD4QY UT WOS:000361019400065 ER PT J AU Wang, GT Xu, HW Wright, JB Hurtado, A Luk, TS Figiel, JJ Brener, I Li, QM AF Wang, George T. Xu, Huiwen Wright, Jeremy B. Hurtado, Antonio Luk, Ting-Shan Figiel, Jeffery J. Brener, Igal Li, Qiming GP IEEE TI Mode and Polarization Control in Gallium Nitride Nanowire Lasers SO 2014 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY SUMMER TOPICAL MEETING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Photonics-Society Summer Topical Meeting Series CY JUL 14-16, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE AB The fabrication and realization of single mode GaN-based nanowire lasers is presented, using a number of techniques, including geometry control, coupled nanowire pairs, placement onto a gold substrate, and distributed feedback. C1 [Wang, George T.; Wright, Jeremy B.; Luk, Ting-Shan; Figiel, Jeffery J.; Brener, Igal; Li, Qiming] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Xu, Huiwen; Wright, Jeremy B.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Hurtado, Antonio] Univ Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. RP Wang, GT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gtwang@sandia.gov OI Hurtado, Antonio/0000-0002-4448-9034 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-2767-8 PY 2014 BP 27 EP 28 DI 10.1109/SUM.2014.21 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD4QL UT WOS:000361018200014 ER PT S AU Ali, N Bahsoon, R Gorton, I AF Ali, Nour Bahsoon, Rami Gorton, Ian BE Zhang, LJ Bahsoon, R TI Second International Workshop on Engineering Mobile Service Oriented Systems (EMSOS 2014) SO 2014 IEEE WORLD CONGRESS ON SERVICES (SERVICES) SE IEEE World Congress on Services LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE World Congress on Services (SERVICES) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2014 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IBM Research, SAP, HP, Huawei, Serv Comp, Serv Soc, Cloud Comp, Big Data, IBM, Object Management Grp, Int Journal Business Proc Integrat & Management, ITProfess, Int Journal Web Serv Res, Comp Now, IEEE Transact Serv Comp AB The IEEE Engineering Mobile Service Oriented Systems (EMSOS) Workshop aims to bring together researchers from academia and industry, as well as practitioners in the area of engineering services in mobile environments in order to provide a forum where recent research results can be presented and discussed. The objective is to understand open issues in the software engineering area of services applied in mobile environments, and to build a community of researchers and practitioners willing to collaborate on these issues. C1 [Ali, Nour] Univ Brighton, Brighton, E Sussex, England. [Bahsoon, Rami] Univ Birmingham, Sch Comp Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Gorton, Ian] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ali, N (reprint author), Univ Brighton, Lewes Rd, Brighton, E Sussex, England. EM n.ali2@brighton.ac.uk; r.bahsoon@cs.bham.ac.uk; igorton@sei.cmu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2378-3818 BN 978-1-4799-5069-0 J9 IEEE WORLD CONGR SER PY 2014 BP 261 EP 262 DI 10.1109/SERVICES.2014.53 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4SP UT WOS:000361055000042 ER PT J AU Siegel, HJ Khemka, B Friese, R Pasricha, S Maciejewski, AA Koenig, GA Powers, S Hilton, M Rambharos, R Okonski, G Poole, S AF Siegel, Howard Jay Khemka, Bhavesh Friese, Ryan Pasricha, Sudeep Maciejewski, Anthony A. Koenig, Gregory A. Powers, Sarah Hilton, Marcia Rambharos, Rajendra Okonski, Gene Poole, Steve BE Parashar, M Sekhar, CC Bellur, U Narendra, NC Kumar, SDM Valera, C Chandran, P Chaudhary, S Krishnan, M Arya, K Madduri, K Li, X Prasad, SK TI Energy-Aware Resource Management for Computing Systems SO 2014 SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTEMPORARY COMPUTING (IC3) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3) CY AUG 07-09, 2014 CL Noida, INDIA SP Jaypee Inst Informat Technol, IEEE, Univ Florida, Gator Engn, Univ Florida, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc DE high performance computing system; heterogeneous distributed computing; energy-aware computing; resource management; bi-objective optimization ID INDEPENDENT TASKS AB This corresponds to the material in the invited keynote presentation by H. J. Siegel, summarizing the research in [1], [2]. We address the problem of assigning dynamically-arriving tasks to machines in a heterogeneous computing environment. These machines execute a workload composed of different tasks, where the tasks have diverse computational requirements. Each task has a utility function associated with it that represents the value of completing that task, and this utility decreases the longer it takes a task to complete. The goal of our resource manager is to maximize the sum of the utilities earned by all tasks arriving in the system over a given interval of time, while satisfying an energy constraint. We describe example energy-aware resource management methods to accomplish this goal, and compare their performance. We also study the biobjective problem of maximizing system utility and minimizing the system energy consumption. This analysis technique allows system administrators to investigate the trade-offs between these conflicting goals. C1 [Siegel, Howard Jay; Khemka, Bhavesh; Friese, Ryan; Pasricha, Sudeep; Maciejewski, Anthony A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Siegel, Howard Jay; Pasricha, Sudeep] Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Koenig, Gregory A.; Powers, Sarah; Poole, Steve] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hilton, Marcia; Rambharos, Rajendra; Okonski, Gene; Poole, Steve] US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Siegel, HJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM HJ@colostate.edu; Bhavesh.Khemka@colostate.edu; Ryan.Friese@colostate.edu; Sudeep@colostate.edu; AAM@colostate.edu; Koenig@ornl.gov; PowersSS@ornl.gov; mmskizig@verizon.net; Jendra.Rambharos@gmail.com; okonskitg@verizon.net; SPoole@ornl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5173-4 PY 2014 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BD4IL UT WOS:000360815100009 ER PT B AU Watkins, R Reedlunn, B Shaw, J AF Watkins, Ryan Reedlunn, Benjamin Shaw, John GP ASME TI Uniaxial, Pure Bending and Buckling Characterization of Superelastic NiTi Rods and Tubes: An Experimental Study SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS) CY SEP 08-10, 2014 CL Newport, RI SP ASME, Aerospace Div ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; POLYCRYSTALLINE NITI; TENSION; DEFORMATION; COLUMNS AB Although the tensile behavior of shape memory alloys (SMAs) is relatively well understood, the effects of other modes of loading on SMA behavior are still unknown. To examine the influence of loading and specimen geometry on structural behavior and phase transformation morphology, this work presents an experimental characterization of commercially-available superelastic NiTi rods and tubes under tensile, compressive, pure bending and column buckling loading. At room temperature and under isothermal loading conditions, the mechanical response for each loading configuration and structural geometry is measured and stereo digital image correlation is used to capture local displacement and strain phenomena (such as strain localization and propagating phase boundaries). It is found that the length and cross-sectional geometry of NiTi structures affects the nature of stress-induced phase transformation; in particular, transformation induced strain localization. During uniaxial tension, the rod specimens exhibit strain localization and propagating phase transformation fronts along well-defined load plateaus, and phase boundaries manifest as diffuse propagating necks. The tube specimens also exhibit localization/propagation phenomena, but fronts consist of distinct angled finger-like features due to the relatively thin-walled cross-section. During uniaxial compression, both forms exhibit (now well-known) tension-compression asymmetry in their mechanical responses, no propagating fronts are observed, and distinct load plateaus are absent. During pure bending, the moment-curvature responses of both forms exhibit plateaus during localizing forward and reverse transformations. In the case of the rod, high curvature localizes and propagates along the specimen; whereas, finger-like high strain regions develop along the tensile side of the tube. During column buckling, the structures are loaded into the post-buckling regime yet recover their straight forms upon unloading. Localization is observed, but only for high length/diameter aspect ratio tubes and has little affect on the mechanical response. Therefore, due to the varying phase transformation behaviors observed, understanding geometric and material effects on phase transformation, along with the resulting effects on the material response, is necessary to predict SMA beam behavior. C1 [Watkins, Ryan; Shaw, John] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Reedlunn, Benjamin] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Watkins, R (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM watkinrt@umich.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4615-5 PY 2014 AR V002T02A003 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD4NZ UT WOS:000360949200003 ER PT B AU Cohen, SM Averyt, K Macknick, J Meldrum, J AF Cohen, Stuart M. Averyt, Kristen Macknick, Jordan Meldrum, James GP ASME TI MODELING CLIMATE-WATER IMPACTS ON ELECTRICITY SECTOR CAPACITY EXPANSION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME POWER CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Power Conference 2014 CY JUL 28-31, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP ASME, Power Div DE Energy-water nexus; Climate change; Electricity; Thermal cooling AB Climate change has the potential to exacerbate water availability concerns for thermal power plant cooling, which is responsible for 41% of U.S. water withdrawals. This analysis describes an initial link between climate, water, and electricity systems using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) electricity system capacity expansion model. Average surface water projections from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 3 (CMIP3) data are applied to surface water rights available to new generating capacity in ReEDS, and electric sector growth is compared with and without climate-influenced water rights. The mean climate projection has only a small impact on national or regional capacity growth and water use because most regions have sufficient unappropriated or previously retired water rights to offset climate impacts. Climate impacts are notable in southwestern states, which experience reduced water rights purchases and a greater share of rights acquired from wastewater and other higher-cost water resources. The electric sector climate impacts demonstrated herein establish a methodology to be later exercised with more extreme climate scenarios and a more rigorous representation of legal and physical water availability. C1 [Cohen, Stuart M.; Macknick, Jordan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Averyt, Kristen; Meldrum, James] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cohen, SM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4609-4 PY 2014 AR V002T10A007 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XO UT WOS:000361161100035 ER PT B AU Harto, C White, E Horner, R Schroeder, J AF Harto, Christopher White, Ellen Horner, Robert Schroeder, Jenna GP ASME TI TECHNOLOGY CHOICE AND WATER CONSUMPTION FOR COAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION WITH CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME POWER CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Power Conference 2014 CY JUL 28-31, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP ASME, Power Div ID TRANSPORT AB Water consumption is an important consideration when evaluating technologies for carbon capture and storage (CCS). It may in fact become a critical factor in certain regions where water is increasingly a source of conflict. For this reason, water consumption has the potential to become a challenging obstacle to adoption of CCS technologies. This analysis seeks to improve understanding of relative water costs of different CCS technology options. It also helps to identify areas where water use may in fact become a challenge and reveal opportunities for technological improvements that can help minimize these challenges. A life cycle assessment approach was utilized to analyze both the water consumption from carbon capture and storage projects. While there have been previous analyses that have looked at the direct water consumption for some capture processes, there have been few studies that have taken a detailed look at water consumption throughout the complete life cycle of the of electricity production with CCS. This effort expands the system boundaries beyond those of previous analysis while evaluating a range of system configurations to facilitate technology comparison. The range of system configurations considered in this analysis included both pre and post combustion capture systems and multiple sequestration scenarios. The system boundaries for the analysis include fuel production, fuel transport, combustion, capture, CO2 transport, and storage. Water consumption for conventional fossil fuel systems are also calculated for comparison purposes. The results show that while all carbon capture technology pathways result in a net increase in water consumption relative to conventional coal generation, the choice of technology, especially capture technology, can play a significant role in minimizing the increase in water consumption. Integrated gasification combined cycle coal plants with carbon capture were found to be significantly more water efficient than either conventional power plants with post combustion capture or plants utilizing oxy-combustion processes. Also, while other stages of the life cycle do consume water, the volumes were small relative to the power plant operations and capture stages. C1 [Harto, Christopher; Horner, Robert; Schroeder, Jenna] Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [White, Ellen] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Harto, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4609-4 PY 2014 AR V002T10A006 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XO UT WOS:000361161100034 ER PT B AU Stewart, EM Kiliccote, S AF Stewart, Emma M. Kiliccote, Sila GP ASME TI SOFTWARE BASED BARRIERS TO INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLES TO THE FUTURE DISTRIBUTION GRID SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME POWER CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Power Conference 2014 CY JUL 28-31, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP ASME, Power Div ID DESIGN; TOOLS AB The future distribution grid has complex analysis needs, which may not be met with the existing processes and tools. In addition there is a growing number of measured and grid model data sources becoming available. For these sources to be useful they must be accurate, and interpreted correctly. Data accuracy is a key barrier to the growth of the future distribution grid. A key goal for California, and the United States, is increasing the renewable penetration on the distribution grid. To increase this penetration measured and modeled representations of generation must be accurate and validated, giving distribution planners and operators confidence in their performance. This study will review the current state of these software and modeling barriers and opportunities for the future distribution grid. C1 [Stewart, Emma M.; Kiliccote, Sila] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stewart, EM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4609-4 PY 2014 AR V002T09A022 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XO UT WOS:000361161100028 ER PT B AU Busch, S Miles, PC AF Busch, Stephen Miles, Paul C. GP ASME TI PARAMETRIC STUDY OF INJECTION RATES WITH SOLENOID INJECTORS IN AN INJECTION QUANTITY AND RATE MEASURING DEVICE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION, FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY OCT 19-22, 2014 CL Columbus, IN SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div, Cummins Inc AB The rate at which fuel is injected into the cylinder of a direct injection Diesel engine has significant implications for the ensuing mixture formation and combustion processes. Advances in fuel injector technology enable a variety of advanced injection strategies, particularly very closely coupled injection events. In this work, a Moehwald HDA injection quantity and rate measuring unit is used to investigate the injection rates obtained with a pre-production solenoid injector with a fast acting, pressure-balanced control valve using a blend of n-hexadecane and heptamethylnonane (DPRF58). The effects of digital signal filtering on the rate shape and injected mass are investigated for a single injection. Additionally, the effects of physical parameters such as fuel and measurement chamber temperature, axial clamping force on the injector, high pressure line length, and solenoid current pull up time on the rate shape are investigated. The primary purpose of these simple parameter variations is to establish whether or not they have an impact on the measured injection rate traces and/or total measured injected masses. At each dwell time, the rates of injection are compared between the three injectors tested. These results show that these pre-production injectors can operate with very short dwell times while the injection rate curves indicate distinct pilot and main injection events and an influence of dwell on the rate shape of the main injection. Testing with PRF, a blend of n-heptane and isooctane, shows that while rates of injection are comparable to those obtained with the DPRF for a single injection, they are dramatically different for multiple injections. This has significant implications for the optical diagnostic techniques that may be employed to study the effects of multiple injections on the mixture formation process. C1 [Busch, Stephen; Miles, Paul C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Busch, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4616-2 PY 2014 AR V001T02A007 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD4AW UT WOS:000360415300017 ER PT B AU Dempsey, A Curran, S Wagner, R Cannella, W AF Dempsey, Adam Curran, Scott Wagner, Robert Cannella, William GP ASME TI EFFECT OF PREMIXED FUEL PREPARATION FOR PARTIALLY PREMIXED COMBUSTION WITH A LOW OCTANE GASOLINE ON A LIGHT-DUTY MULTI-CYLINDER COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION, FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY OCT 19-22, 2014 CL Columbus, IN SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div, Cummins Inc AB Gasoline compression ignition concepts with the majority of the fuel being introduced early in the cycle are known as partially premixed combustion (PPC). Previous research on single- and multi-cylinder engines has shown that PPC has the potential for high thermal efficiency with low NOx and soot emissions. A variety of fuel injection strategies has been proposed in the literature. These injection strategies aim to create a partially stratified charge to simultaneously reduce NOx and soot emissions while maintaining some level of control over the combustion process through the fuel delivery system. The impact of the direct injection strategy to create a premixed charge of fuel and air has not previously been explored, and its impact on engine efficiency and emissions is not well understood. This paper explores the effect of sweeping the direct injected pilot timing from -91 degrees to -324 degrees ATDC, which is just after the exhaust valve closes for the engine used in this study. During the sweep, the pilot injection consistently contained 65% of the total fuel (based on command duration ratio), and the main injection timing was adjusted slightly to maintain combustion phasing near top dead center. A modern four cylinder, 1.9 L diesel engine with a variable geometry turbocharger, high pressure common rail injection system, wide included angle injectors, and variable swirl actuation was used in this study. The pistons were modified to an open bowl configuration suitable for highly premixed combustion modes. The stock diesel injection system was unmodified, and the gasoline fuel was doped with a lubricity additive to protect the high pressure fuel pump and the injectors. The study was conducted at a fixed speed/load condition of 2000 rpm and 4.0 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). The pilot injection timing sweep was conducted at different intake manifold pressures, swirl levels, and fuel injection pressures. The gasoline used in this study has relatively high fuel reactivity with a research octane number of 68. The results of this experimental campaign indicate that the highest brake thermal efficiency and lowest emissions are achieved simultaneously with the earliest pilot injection timings (i.e., during the intake stroke). C1 [Dempsey, Adam; Curran, Scott; Wagner, Robert] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cannella, William] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Richmond, CA USA. RP Dempsey, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4616-2 PY 2014 AR V001T03A012 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD4AW UT WOS:000360415300035 ER PT B AU Kolodziej, CP Ciatti, SA AF Kolodziej, Christopher P. Ciatti, Stephen A. GP ASME TI EFFECTS OF INJECTOR NOZZLE INCLUSION ANGLE ON EXTENDING THE LOWER LOAD LIMIT OF GASOLINE COMPRESSION IGNITION USING 87 AKI GASOLINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION, FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY OCT 19-22, 2014 CL Columbus, IN SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div, Cummins Inc AB Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) is a promising single-fuel advanced combustion concept for increased efficiency and reduced emissions in comparison with current conventional combustion modes. Gasoline fuels are advantageous in premixed combustion concepts because of their increased volatility and reduced reactivity compared to diesel. These qualities help reduce emissions of particulate matter (PM) and oxides of nitrogen (NO), while making combustion phasing (and therefore combustion noise reduction) easier to manage. One of the challenges of using a gasoline with an anti-knock index (AKI) of 87 in a premixed combustion concept is being able to achieve stable low load operation. (Note that AKI is equivalent to (RON + MON)/2.) With such small injection quantities of a relatively more volatile and less reactive fuel than diesel, the injection timing of minimum load fueling needs to be early enough to allow the auto-ignition chemistry enough time, but late enough to keep the fuel from over-mixing and losing ignition propensity. The objective of this study was to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of reducing the injector nozzles' inclusion angle from 148 to 1200 on the combustion and emissions performance of GCI at 850 RPM and low load. To assess these effects, minimum fueling injection timing sweeps were performed with a 3% coefficient of variance of indicated mean effective pressure with each injector nozzle angle at 500 and 250 bar injection pressure. The results from these experiments revealed that both reduced injector nozzle angle and reduced injection pressure increased ignition propensity and allowed for reduced fueling and stable low load extension to 1 bar brake mean effective pressure using 87 AKI gasoline without any external boosting or heating. Combustion characteristics (such as noise) and emissions are discussed. C1 [Kolodziej, Christopher P.; Ciatti, Stephen A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kolodziej, CP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4616-2 PY 2014 AR V001T03A017 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD4AW UT WOS:000360415300040 ER PT B AU Scarcelli, R Matthias, NS Wallner, T AF Scarcelli, Riccardo Matthias, Nicholas S. Wallner, Thomas GP ASME TI NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF IGNITION AND COMBUSTION STABILITY IN EGR DILUTE GDI OPERATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION, FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY OCT 19-22, 2014 CL Columbus, IN SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div, Cummins Inc AB This paper discusses the characteristics of EGR dilute GDI engines in terms of combustion stability. A combined approach consisting of RANS numerical simulations integrated with experimental engine testing is used to analyze the effect of the ignition source on flame propagation under dilute operating conditions. A programmable spark-based ignition system is compared to a production spark system in terms of cyclic variability and ultimately indicated efficiency. 3D-CFD simulations are carried out for multiple cycles with the goal of establishing correlations between the characteristics of the ignition system and flame propagation as well as cycle-to-cycle variations. Numerical results are compared to engine data in terms of in-cylinder pressure traces. The results show that an improved control over the energy released to the fluid surrounding the spark domain during the ignition process has beneficial effects on combustion stability. This allows extending the dilution tolerance for fuel/air mixtures. Although affected by cyclic variability, numerical results show good qualitative agreement with experimental data. The result is a simple but promising approach for relatively quick assessment of stability improvements from advanced and alternative ignition strategies. C1 [Scarcelli, Riccardo; Matthias, Nicholas S.; Wallner, Thomas] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Scarcelli, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4616-2 PY 2014 AR V001T03A015 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD4AW UT WOS:000360415300038 ER PT B AU Kodavasal, J Kolodziej, C Ciatti, S Som, S AF Kodavasal, Janardhan Kolodziej, Christopher Ciatti, Stephen Som, Sibendu GP ASME TI CFD SIMULATION OF GASOLINE COMPRESSION IGNITION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION, FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY OCT 19-22, 2014 CL Columbus, IN SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div, Cummins Inc ID ENGINE CONDITIONS; COMBUSTION; MODEL AB Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is a low temperature combustion (LTC) concept that has been gaining increasing interest over the recent years owing to its potential to achieve diesel-like thermal efficiencies with significantly reduced engine-out nitrogen oxides (NOX) and soot emissions compared to diesel engines. In this work, closed-cycle computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed of this combustion mode using a sector mesh in an effort to understand effects of model settings on simulation results. One goal of this work is to provide recommendations for grid resolution, combustion model, chemical kinetic mechanism, and turbulence model to accurately capture experimental combustion characteristics. Grid resolutions ranging from 0.7 mm to 0 1 mm minimum cell sizes were evaluated in conjunction with both Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) based turbulence models. Solution of chemical kinetics using the multi-zone approach is evaluated against the detailed approach of solving chemistry in every cell. The relatively small primary reference fuel (PRF) mechanism (48 species) used in this study is also evaluated against a larger 312-species gasoline mechanism. Based on these studies the following model settings are chosen keeping in mind both accuracy and computation costs 0.175 mm minimum cell size grid, RANS turbulence model, 48-species PRF mechanism, and multi-zone chemistry solution with bin limits of 5 K in temperature and 0.05 in equivalence ratio. With these settings, the performance of the CFD model is evaluated against experimental results corresponding to a low load start of injection (SOI) timing sweep. The model is then exercised to investigate the effect of SOI on combustion phasing with constant intake valve closing (IVC) conditions and fueling over a range of SOI timings to isolate the impact of SOT on charge preparation and ignition. Simulation results indicate that there is an optimum SOI timing, in this case 30 30 degrees aTDC (after top dead center), which results in the most stable combustion. Advancing injection with respect to this point leads to significant fuel mass burning in the colder squish region, leading to retarded phasing and ultimately misfire for SOT timings earlier than -42 degrees aTDC. On the other hand, retarding injection beyond this optimum timing results in reduced residence time available for gasoline ignition kinetics, and also leads to retarded phasing, with misfire at SOT timings later than -15 degrees aTDC. C1 [Kodavasal, Janardhan; Kolodziej, Christopher; Ciatti, Stephen; Som, Sibendu] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kodavasal, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4617-9 PY 2014 AR V002T06A008 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD4AX UT WOS:000360415600014 ER PT B AU Malikopoulos, AA AF Malikopoulos, Andreas A. GP ASME TI ONLINE IDENTIFICATION OF POWER REQUIRED FOR SELF-SUSTAINABILITY OF THE BATTERY IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION, FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY OCT 19-22, 2014 CL Columbus, IN SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div, Cummins Inc ID MANAGEMENT STRATEGY; DESIGN AB Hybrid electric vehicles have shown great potential for enhancing fuel economy and reducing emissions. Deriving a power management control policy to distribute the power demanded by the driver optimally to the available subsystems (e.g., the internal combustion engine, motor, generator, and battery) has been a challenging control problem. One of the main aspects of the power management control algorithms is concerned with the self-sustainability of the electrical path, which must be guaranteed for the entire driving cycle. This paper considers the problem of identifying online the power required by the battery to maintain the state of charge within a range of the target value. An algorithm is presented that realizes how much power the engine needs to provide to the battery so that self-sustainability of the electrical path is maintained. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Knoxville, TN 37922 USA. RP Malikopoulos, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Knoxville, TN 37922 USA. EM andreas@ornl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4617-9 PY 2014 AR V002T05A001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD4AX UT WOS:000360415600001 ER PT B AU Miles, PC AF Miles, Paul C. GP ASME TI THE HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF OPTICALLY ACCESSIBLE RESEARCH ENGINES AND THEIR IMPACT ON OUR UNDERSTANDING OF ENGINE COMBUSTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION, FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY OCT 19-22, 2014 CL Columbus, IN SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div, Cummins Inc ID COMPRESSED VORTEX; GASOLINE-ENGINE; FLAME; FLOW AB The development and application of optically accessible engines to further our understanding of in-cylinder combustion processes is reviewed, spanning early efforts in simplified engines to the more recent development of high-pressure, highspeed engines that retain the geometric complexities of modern production engines. Limitations of these engines with respect to the reproduction of realistic metal test engine characteristics and performance are identified, as well as methods that have been used to overcome these limitations. Lastly, the role of the work performed in these engines on clarifying the fundamental physical processes governing the combustion process and on laying the foundation for predictive engine simulation is summarized. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Miles, PC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4617-9 PY 2014 AR V002T08A003 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD4AX UT WOS:000360415600052 ER PT B AU Pei, YJ Mehl, M Liu, W Lu, TF Pitz, WJ Som, S AF Pei, Yuanjiang Mehl, Marco Liu, Wei Lu, Tianfeng Pitz, William J. Som, Sibendu GP ASME TI A MULTI-COMPONENT BLEND AS A DIESEL FUEL SURROGATE FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION, FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY OCT 19-22, 2014 CL Columbus, IN SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div, Cummins Inc ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; HIGH-PRESSURE; SPRAY; COMBUSTION; TOLUENE; XYLENE; COUNTERFLOW; MECHANISM; MIXTURES; METHANE AB A mixture of n-dodecane and m-xylene is investigated as a diesel fuel surrogate for compression ignition engine applications. Compared to neat n-dodecane, this binary mixture is more representative of diesel fuel because it contains an alkyl-benzene which represents an important chemical class present in diesel fuels. A detailed multi-component mechanism for n-dodecane and m-xylene was developed by combining a previously developed n-dodecane mechanism with a recently developed mechanism for xylenes. The xylene mechanism is shown to reproduce experimental ignition data from a rapid compression machine and shock tube, speciation data from the jet stirred reactor and flame speed data. This combined mechanism was validated by comparing predictions from the model with experimental data for ignition in shock tubes and for reactivity in a flow reactor. The combined mechanism, consisting of 2885 species and 11754 reactions, was reduced to a skeletal mechanism consisting 163 species and 887 reactions for 3D diesel engine simulations. The mechanism reduction was performed using directed relation graph (DRG) with expert knowledge (DRG-X) and DRG-aided sensitivity analysis (DRGASA) at a fixed fuel composition of 77% of n-dodecane and 23% m-xylene by volume. The sample space for the reduction covered pressure of 1 - 80 bar, equivalence ratio of 0.5 - 2.0, and initial temperature of 700 - 1600 K for ignition. The skeletal mechanism was compared with the detailed mechanism for ignition and flow reactor predictions. Finally, the skeletal mechanism was validated against a spray flame dataset under diesel engine conditions documented on the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) website. These multidimensional simulations were performed using a Representative Interactive Flame (RIF) turbulent combustion model. Encouraging results were obtained compared to the experiments with regards to the predictions of ignition delay and lift-off length at different ambient temperatures. C1 [Pei, Yuanjiang; Liu, Wei; Som, Sibendu] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mehl, Marco; Pitz, William J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Lu, Tianfeng] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. RP Pei, YJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4617-9 PY 2014 AR V002T06A012 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD4AX UT WOS:000360415600018 ER PT B AU Richards, K Probst, D Pomraning, E Senecal, PK Scarcelli, R AF Richards, Keith Probst, Daniel Pomraning, Eric Senecal, P. K. Scarcelli, Riccardo GP ASME TI THE OBSERVATION OF CYCLIC VARIATION IN ENGINE SIMULATIONS WHEN USING RANS TURBULENCE MODELING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION, FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY OCT 19-22, 2014 CL Columbus, IN SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div, Cummins Inc AB State-of-the art engine technologies are susceptible to high cycle-to-cycle variability. Researchers have successfully used Large Eddy Simulations (LES) to capture this cyclic variation with CFD. However, LES is computationally expensive. The current work demonstrates that using RANS turbulence models can also exhibit cyclic variation if the simulation approach minimizes numerical viscosity. This is accomplished by using fine mesh resolution, non-morphing mesh motion, higher-order accurate numerical schemes, and small timesteps. RANS turbulence models act to destroy time-varying smaller eddies and replace the mixing effects of these eddies with enhanced viscosity. In an IC engine, larger-scale eddies can change from cycle to cycle, and may not be small enough to be dampened out by the RANS turbulence viscosity. By minimizing the numerical viscosity, the length scale at which eddies are destroyed is reduced and more structure is seen in the simulated flowfield. If the injection and combustion strategy in an engine is susceptible to cyclic changes in these large-scale eddies, then cyclic variation will be apparent in the simulation when using a RANS model. This work will also demonstrate that perturbations in initial conditions, boundary conditions, or numerical settings can give run-to-run variability in simulation consistent with cycle-to-cycle variability in an actual engine. For the current work, three studies are performed to show that the use of a RANS turbulence model does not always yield an ensemble average result. One of the studies is a basic cylinder-in-cross-flow case. The other two studies are for engines. One of the engine studies focuses on global mixing parameters and compares to TCC (Transparent Combustion Chamber) experimental data. The other engine study looks at cycle-to-cycle variation in combustion predictions. C1 [Richards, Keith; Probst, Daniel; Pomraning, Eric; Senecal, P. K.] Convergent Sci Inc, Madison, WI 53719 USA. [Scarcelli, Riccardo] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. RP Richards, K (reprint author), Convergent Sci Inc, Madison, WI 53719 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4617-9 PY 2014 AR V002T06A010 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD4AX UT WOS:000360415600016 ER PT B AU Senecal, PK Mitra, S Pomraning, E Xue, Q Som, S Banerjee, S Hu, B Liu, K Rajamohan, D Deur, JM AF Senecal, P. K. Mitra, S. Pomraning, E. Xue, Q. Som, S. Banerjee, S. Hu, B. Liu, K. Rajamohan, D. Deur, J. M. GP ASME TI MODELING FUEL SPRAY VAPOR DISTRIBUTION WITH LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF MULTIPLE REALIZATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION, FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY OCT 19-22, 2014 CL Columbus, IN SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div, Cummins Inc AB A state-of-the-art spray modeling methodology, recently presented by Senecal et al. [1, 2, 3], is applied to Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of vaporizing sprays. Simulations of non-combusting Spray H (n-heptane fuel) from the Engine Combustion Network are performed. Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) cell sizes of 0.03125 mm to 0.25 mm are utilized to further demonstrate grid convergence of the Dynamic Structure LES model for diesel sprays. Twenty-eight different realizations are simulated by changing the random number seed used in the spray sub-models. Multi-realization (ensemble) averaging, which has been shown to be necessary when comparing to local spray measurements, is performed. Global quantities such as liquid and vapor penetration are compared, as well as local mean mixture fraction and mixture fraction standard deviation. The results suggest that the current model does a reasonable job predicting the major features of the n-heptane spray when appropriate grid resolution is utilized. C1 [Senecal, P. K.; Mitra, S.; Pomraning, E.] Convergent Sci Inc, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Xue, Q.; Som, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Banerjee, S.; Hu, B.; Liu, K.; Rajamohan, D.; Deur, J. M.] Cummins Inc, Columbus, IN USA. RP Senecal, PK (reprint author), Convergent Sci Inc, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4617-9 PY 2014 AR V002T06A002 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD4AX UT WOS:000360415600008 ER PT B AU Wang, M Raju, M Pomraning, E Kundu, P Pei, Y Som, S AF Wang, M. Raju, M. Pomraning, E. Kundu, P. Pei, Y. Som, S. GP ASME TI COMPARISON OF REPRESENTATIVE INTERACTIVE FLAMELET AND DETAILED CHEMISTRY BASED COMBUSTION MODELS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION, FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY OCT 19-22, 2014 CL Columbus, IN SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div, Cummins Inc AB Representative Interactive Flame let (RIF) and Detailed Chemistry based combustion models are two commonly used combustion models for non-premixed diesel engine simulations. RIF performs transient chemistry calculations on a one-dimensional grid based on the mixture fraction coordinate. Hence, the chemistry calculations are essentially decoupled from the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) grid. The detailed chemistry model, on the other hand, solves transient chemistry in the 3D CFD domain. An efficient parallelization strategy is used for the computation of the multiple flamelets RIF model. The multiple flamelets RIF and detailed chemistry combustion models are applied for modeling a constant volume spray combustion case and a diesel engine case, with a view to compare the differences between the two models. Results for ignition delay, flame lift-off length, cylinder pressure, and emissions are compared with experimental data. The effect of number of flamelets is evaluated. Finally, the effect of spray cooling is investigated based on the results from the RIF model and the detailed chemistry based combustion model. C1 [Wang, M.; Raju, M.; Pomraning, E.] Convergent Sci Inc, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Kundu, P.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pei, Y.; Som, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Convergent Sci Inc, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4617-9 PY 2014 AR V002T06A003 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD4AX UT WOS:000360415600009 ER PT B AU Shelton, TR Crane, NK Cox, JV AF Shelton, Timothy R. Crane, Nathan K. Cox, James V. GP ASME TI AN EXPLORATION OF ACCURACY AND CONVERGENCE OF THE DEGENERATE UNIFORM STRAIN HEXAHEDRAL ELEMENT (A SOLUTION TO THE UNMESHED VOID IN AN ALL-HEXAHEDRAL MESH) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 12 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME ID GENERATION AB The uniform strain hexahedral element mesh has long been a work horse for getting accurate and convergent answers in high deformation solid mechanics analyses. Obtaining an all-hexahedral mesh can be a difficult and time consuming process thus limiting the element's use in design phase computations. Unconstrained paving and plastering offers a technique to get an all-hexahedral mesh automatically but still can leave un-meshable voids [1]. While degenerated forms of the uniform strain hexahedral element such as the wedge have been used sparingly, they have garnered limited general acceptance. We present a more exhaustive numerical exploration of the degenerated hexes with the hope of encouraging their use to resolve the un-meshable voids. The results of patch tests are used to numerically demonstrate linear completeness of the degenerate elements. A manufactured solution analysis is then used to show optimal convergence rates for meshes containing degenerate elements. Additionally, applications to a torsion rod and high velocity impact are used to highlight the accuracy and applicability of degenerates for solving more complex problems. C1 [Shelton, Timothy R.; Crane, Nathan K.; Cox, James V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shelton, TR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0845, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM trshelt@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5641-3 PY 2014 AR V012T13A020 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD3YR UT WOS:000360320700020 ER PT B AU Cheaito, R Duda, JC Beechem, TE Ihlefeld, JF Hattar, K Piekos, ES Misra, A Baldwin, JK Hopkins, PE AF Cheaito, Ramez Duda, John C. Beechem, Thomas E. Ihlefeld, Jon F. Hattar, Khalid Piekos, Edward S. Misra, Amit Baldwin, Jon K. Hopkins, Patrick E. GP ASME TI THE EFFECT OF BALLISTIC ELECTRON TRANSPORT ON COPPER-NIOBIUM THERMAL INTERFACE CONDUCTANCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota AB The thermal conductivities of 1 mu m copper-niobium multilayer films of different period thicknesses are measured by time domain thermoreflectance at room temperature. The values for thermal conductivity are then used to calculate the thermal conductance between Cu/Nb interfaces using a series resistors model. Results show that Cu/Nb interface conductance increases with the decrease in period thickness reaching a value as high as 20 GWm(-2)K(-1) for a 1x1 Cu/Nb multilayer. At shorter period thicknesses, ballistic electron transport dominates the thermal transport across this interface resulting in high interface conductance. The results are well described by a model that accounts for both ballistic and diffusive transport of electrons. This model assumes that an electron on one side of a metal-metal multilayer may not scatter at the interface but rather move ballistically on to the adjacent material and scatter in the adjacent material. C1 [Cheaito, Ramez; Duda, John C.; Hopkins, Patrick E.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Beechem, Thomas E.; Ihlefeld, Jon F.; Hattar, Khalid; Piekos, Edward S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Misra, Amit; Baldwin, Jon K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hopkins, PE (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM phopkins@virginia.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5547-8 PY 2014 AR V001T03A009 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AR UT WOS:000360414400063 ER PT B AU McDuffee, JL AF McDuffee, Joel L. GP ASME TI HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH SMALL MOVEABLE GAS GAPS IN A MULTI-BODY SYSTEM USING THE ANSYS FINITE ELEMENT SOFTWARE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota DE finite element; irradiation; thermal jump; contact AB The Thermal Hydraulics and Irradiation Engineering (THIE) Group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) designs and builds capsules in which to irradiate advanced fuels and materials that are typically inserted into ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor. Experiments are designed to achieve a target temperature that ranges from 250 degrees C to 1200 degrees C. Most capsules do not have active temperature measurement or control, which puts an imperative on accurate temperature simulation. Temperature control in these capsules is accomplished by designing specific gaps between adjacent parts and filling the capsules with an inert gas: helium, neon, or argon. Most any finite element solver will do an excellent job estimating temperatures within individual parts, but the simulation challenge for these complex, multi-body systems is to accurately predict the heat transfer through contact surfaces or interstitial gas gaps. The gas gaps are on the order of 150 mu m, so accurate simulation must include thermal expansion of the adjacent parts, the thermal jump effect on the part surfaces, and the possibility the parts will touch or break contact during expansion. This paper will discuss the limitations in thermal contact modeling in finite element modelers and the algorithms the THIE Group uses to overcome these limitations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McDuffee, JL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5547-8 PY 2014 AR V001T01A038 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AR UT WOS:000360414400038 ER PT B AU Paul, TC Morshed, AKMM Fox, EB Visser, AE Bridges, NJ Khan, JA AF Paul, Titan C. Morshed, A. K. M. M. Fox, Elise B. Visser, Ann E. Bridges, Nicholas J. Khan, Jamil A. GP ASME TI Natural Convection of Heat Transfer Fluid (Therminol VP-1) in Square Cavity Heated from Below SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota DE Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF); Therminol VP-1; Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient; Nusselt number; Rayleigh number AB Heat transfer fluid (HTF) plays an important role in the efficiency and cost effectiveness of solar thermal collector. From several choices, Therminol VP-1 (eutectic mixture of diphenyl oxide and biphenyl) are successfully used as heat transfer fluid in the collector field of parabolic trough plants. This paper experimentally analyzes the buoyancy driven heat transfer performance of Therminol VP-1 in a square enclosure with uniformed heating from below and for a Rayleigh number up to 1.11x10(8). Thermophysical properties such as density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of Therminol VP-1 were also measured experimentally. The results show that the density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity decrease with temperature within the measured temperature range 10-60 degrees C. The obtained convective heat transfer coefficient was lower than the De-Ionized (DI) water, whereas the dimensionless Nusselt number was observed higher than DI water, which is because of the low thermal conductivity (approximately 25% of DI water) of Therminol VP-1. C1 [Paul, Titan C.; Morshed, A. K. M. M.; Khan, Jamil A.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Fox, Elise B.; Visser, Ann E.; Bridges, Nicholas J.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Paul, TC (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5547-8 PY 2014 AR V001T01A034 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AR UT WOS:000360414400034 ER PT B AU Tumilowicz, E Chan, CL Xu, B Li, PW AF Tumilowicz, Eric Chan, Cho Lik Xu, Ben Li, Peiwen GP ASME TI An enthalpy formulation for thermocline with encapsulated PCM thermal storage and benchmark solution using the method of characteristics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota ID ENERGY STORAGE; PACKED-BED; SYSTEM; PARAFFIN AB An enthalpy-based model of thermocline operation general to both single phase and encapsulated phase change filler materials was created in MATLAB. The method of characteristics is applied in space and time, mapping fluid temperature and filler enthalpy to a numerical grid, and in the case of a melting filler, allowing accurate tracking of phase state interfaces to fractional positions of the grid. Careful consideration of various possible heat transfer conditions along with placement of phase state interfaces in the numerical grid allows for extreme versatility and accuracy in model application. Input of specific fluid and filler properties, tank size, time of operation, and initial and boundary conditions returns a full representation to any desired amount of charge/discharge processes or cycles. The paper covers mathematical formulation, certain intricacies of numerical implementation, model verification, and the beginnings of application to prove proper operation and generality. C1 [Tumilowicz, Eric] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Tumilowicz, Eric; Chan, Cho Lik; Xu, Ben; Li, Peiwen] Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Tumilowicz, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cholik@email.arizona.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5547-8 PY 2014 AR V001T01A043 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AR UT WOS:000360414400043 ER PT B AU Wendt, DS Sabharwall, P Utgikar, V AF Wendt, Daniel S. Sabharwall, Piyush Utgikar, Vivek GP ASME TI TECHNOLOGIES FOR UPGRADING LIGHT WATER REACTOR OUTLET TEMPERATURE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota ID ENERGY-STORAGE AB Nuclear energy could potentially be utilized in hybrid energy systems to produce synthetic fuels and feedstocks from indigenous carbon sources such as coal and biomass. First generation nuclear hybrid energy system (NHES) technology will most likely be based on conventional light water reactors (LWRs). However, these LWRs provide thermal energy at temperatures of approximately 300 degrees C, while the desired temperatures for many chemical processes are much higher. In order to realize the benefits of nuclear hybrid energy systems with the current LWR reactor fleets, selection and development of a complimentary temperature upgrading technology is necessary. This paper provides an initial assessment of technologies that may be well suited toward LWR outlet temperature upgrading for powering elevated temperature industrial and chemical processes during periods of off-peak power demand. Chemical heat transformers (CHTs) are a technology with the potential to meet LWR temperature upgrading requirements for NHESs. CHTs utilize chemical heat of reaction to change the temperature at which selected heat sources supply or consume thermal energy. CHTs could directly utilize LWR heat output without intermediate mechanical or electrical power conversion operations and the associated thermodynamic losses. CHT thermal characteristics are determined by selection of the chemical working pair and operating conditions. This paper discusses the chemical working pairs applicable to LWR outlet temperature upgrading and the CHT operating conditions required for providing process heat in NHES applications. C1 [Wendt, Daniel S.; Sabharwall, Piyush] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Utgikar, Vivek] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Wendt, DS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5547-8 PY 2014 AR V001T01A013 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AR UT WOS:000360414400013 ER PT J AU Atkinson, B DeBardeleben, N Guan, Q Robey, R Jones, WM AF Atkinson, Brian DeBardeleben, Nathan Guan, Qiang Robey, Robert Jones, William M. GP IEEE TI Fault Injection Experiments With the CLAMR Hydrodynamics Mini-App SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOFTWARE RELIABILITY ENGINEERING WORKSHOPS (ISSREW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops (ISSREW) CY NOV 03-06, 2014 CL Naples, ITALY SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, CISCO, DIETIUNINA, CRITIWARE s r l, ResilTech DE resilience; fault-tolerance; fault injection; hydrodynamics; mini-app AB In this paper, we present a resilience analysis of the impact of soft errors on CLAMR, a hydrodynamics mini-app for high performance computing (HPC). We utilize F-SEFI, a fine-grained fault injection tool, to inject faults into the kernel routines of CLAMR. We demonstrate visually the impact of these faults as they are either benign (have no impact on the results), cause silent data corruption (SDC), or cause the application to crash due to instabilities. We quantify the probability that an injected fault will cause CLAMR to transition to one of the above three states using F-SEFI. Finally, we explore the relationship between the application's fault characteristics and when the fault is injected in simulation time. Overall, we find that 17% and 24% of the faults propagate into SDC and crashes respectively. C1 [Atkinson, Brian; DeBardeleben, Nathan; Guan, Qiang] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ultrascale Syst Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Robey, Robert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Eulerian Codes, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Jones, William M.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Conway, SC USA. RP Atkinson, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ultrascale Syst Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bwa@clemson.edu; ndebard@lanl.gov; qguan@lanl.gov; brobey@lanl.gov; wjones@coastal.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7377-4 PY 2014 BP 6 EP 9 DI 10.1109/ISSREW.2014.51 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD3XN UT WOS:000360286200001 ER PT S AU Benedict, M Sherif, SA Momen, A AF Benedict, M. Sherif, S. A. Momen, A. BE Rowe, A TI IMPACT OF MAGNETOCALORIC MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS ON MACHINE DESIGN AND PERFORMACNE SO 6TH IIR/IIF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION (THERMAG VI) SE Refrigeration Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IIR/IIF International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration (THERMAG) CY SEP 04-10, 2014 CL Victoria, CANADA SP Univ Victoria, ERASTEEL, BASF, Fairmont Empress, Integrated Energy Sys Vic, IIR, IIF AB Presented is a discussion of specification for magnetocaloric materials (MCM) when addressing the magnetocaloric effect (MCE). Inferences about specification parameters and how they impact machine performance are made from a machine producer's point of view. A one dimensional model is used to quantify the impact of specifications on machine performance. This specification and impact study should help to guide future machine design and material production efforts. C1 [Benedict, M.] GE Appliances, Heat Engines Grp, Louisville, KY USA. [Sherif, S. A.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Momen, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Equipment Res Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Benedict, M (reprint author), GE Appliances, Heat Engines Grp, Louisville, KY USA. EM Michael.Benedict@ge.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT INST REFRIGERATION PI PARIS PA 177 BLVD MALESHERBES, F-75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0151-1637 BN 978-2-362150-07-4 J9 REFR SCI T PY 2014 BP 69 EP 70 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BD3PS UT WOS:000360012900031 ER PT S AU Sinha, G Mark, D Kolas, D Varanka, D Romero, BE Feng, CC Usery, EL Liebermann, J Sorokine, A AF Sinha, Gaurav Mark, David Kolas, Dave Varanka, Dalia Romero, Boleslo E. Feng, Chen-Chieh Usery, E. Lynn Liebermann, Joshua Sorokine, Alexandre BE Duckham, M Pebesma, E Stewart, K Frank, AU TI An Ontology Design Pattern for Surface Water Features SO GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE (GISCIENCE 2014) SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Geographic Information Science (GIScience) CY SEP 24-26, 2014 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA ID YINDJIBARNDI; CATEGORIES; SCIENCE AB Surface water is a primary concept of human experience but concepts are captured in cultures and languages in many different ways. Still, many commonalities exist due to the physical basis of many of the properties and categories. An abstract ontology of surface water features based only on those physical properties of landscape features has the best potential for serving as a foundational domain ontology for other more context-dependent ontologies. The Surface Water ontology design pattern was developed both for domain knowledge distillation and to serve as a conceptual building-block for more complex or specialized surface water ontologies. A fundamental distinction is made in this ontology between landscape features that act as containers (e.g., stream channels, basins) and the bodies of water (e.g., rivers, lakes) that occupy those containers. Concave (container) landforms semantics are specified in a Dry module and the semantics of contained bodies of water in a Wet module. The pattern is implemented in OWL, but Description Logic axioms and a detailed explanation is provided in this paper. The OWL ontology will be an important contribution to Semantic Web vocabulary for annotating surface water feature datasets. Also provided is a discussion of why there is a need to complement the pattern with other ontologies, especially the previously developed Surface Network pattern. Finally, the practical value of the pattern in semantic querying of surface water datasets is illustrated through an annotated geospatial dataset and sample queries using the classes of the Surface Water pattern. C1 [Sinha, Gaurav] Ohio Univ, Dept Geog, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Mark, David] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Kolas, Dave] Raytheon BBN Technol, Columbia, MD USA. [Varanka, Dalia; Usery, E. Lynn] US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO USA. [Romero, Boleslo E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Feng, Chen-Chieh] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Liebermann, Joshua] Tumbling Walls LLC, Newton, MA 02464 USA. [Sorokine, Alexandre] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sinha, G (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Geog, Athens, OH 45701 USA. OI Varanka, Dalia/0000-0003-2857-9600 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-11593-1; 978-3-319-11592-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8728 BP 187 EP 203 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Geography, Physical SC Computer Science; Physical Geography GA BD3UW UT WOS:000360208900013 ER PT B AU Alvarado, JS AF Alvarado, Jorge S. BE Nollet, LML DeGelder, LSP TI Radioanalytical Methodology for Water Analysis SO HANDBOOK OF WATER ANALYSIS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; ALPHA-LIQUID SCINTILLATION; LONG-LIVED RADIONUCLIDES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; EXTRACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; RADIOCHEMICAL DETERMINATION; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION METHOD; ANION-EXCHANGE C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alvarado, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8966-4; 978-1-4398-8964-0 PY 2014 BP 79 EP 97 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BC7SE UT WOS:000355183400004 ER PT B AU Addy, N Mathieu, JL Kiliccote, S Callaway, DS AF Addy, Nathan Mathieu, Johanna L. Kiliccote, Sila Callaway, Duncan S. GP ASME TI UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECT OF BASELINE MODELING IMPLEMENTATION CHOICES ON ANALYSIS OF DEMAND RESPONSE PERFORMANCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME ID SAVINGS AB Accurate evaluation of the performance of buildings participating in Demand Response (DR) programs is critical to the adoption and improvement of these programs. Typically, we calculate load sheds during DR events by comparing observed electric load against counterfactual predictions made using statistical baseline models. Many baseline models exist and these models can produce different shed estimates. Moreover, modelers implementing the same baseline model can make different modeling implementation choices, which may affect shed estimates. In this work, using real data, we analyze the effect of different modeling implementation choices on shed estimates. We focus on five issues: weather data source, resolution of data, methods for determining when buildings are occupied, methods for aligning building data with temperature data, and methods for power outage filtering. Results indicate sensitivity to the weather data source and data filtration methods as well as an immediate potential for automation of methods to choose building occupied modes. C1 [Addy, Nathan; Kiliccote, Sila] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mathieu, Johanna L.] ETH, Power Syst Lab, Zurich, Switzerland. [Callaway, Duncan S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Addy, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM naddy@lbl.gov; jmathieu@eeh.ee.ethz.ch; skiliccote@lbl.gov; dcal@berkeley.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5640-6 PY 2014 AR V011T06A024 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD3XA UT WOS:000360260500024 ER PT B AU Tucker, JR Shadle, LJ Benyahia, S Mei, J Guenther, C Koepke, ME AF Tucker, J. R. Shadle, L. J. Benyahia, S. Mei, J. Guenther, C. Koepke, M. E. GP ASME TI IMPROVEMENT IN PRECISION, ACCURACY, AND EFFICIENCY IN STANDARDIZING THE CHARACTERIZATION OF GRANULAR MATERIALS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 7A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME AB Useful prediction of the kinematics, dynamics, and chemistry of a system relies on precision and accuracy in the quantification of component properties, operating mechanisms, and collected data. In an attempt to emphasize, rather than gloss over, the benefit of proper characterization to fundamental investigations of multiphase systems incorporating solid particles, a set of procedures were developed and implemented for the purpose of providing a revised methodology having the desirable attributes of reduced uncertainty, expanded relevance and detail, and higher throughput. Better, faster, cheaper characterization of multiphase systems result. Methodologies are presented to characterize particle size, shape, size distribution, density (particle, skeletal and bulk), minimum fluidization velocity, void fraction, particle porosity, and assignment within the Geldart Classification. A novel form of the Ergun equation was used to determine the bulk void fractions and particle density. Accuracy of properties-characterization methodology was validated on materials of known properties prior to testing materials of unknown properties. Several of the standard present-day techniques were scrutinized and improved upon where appropriate. Validity, accuracy, and repeatability were assessed for the procedures presented and deemed higher than present-day techniques. A database of over seventy materials has been developed to assist in model validation efforts and future designs. C1 [Tucker, J. R.; Shadle, L. J.; Benyahia, S.; Mei, J.; Guenther, C.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Koepke, M. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Tucker, JR (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM jonathan.tucker@contr.netl.doe.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5631-4 PY 2014 AR V07AT08A064 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD3NU UT WOS:000359959700064 ER PT B AU Wu, WT Aubry, N Massoudi, M AF Wu, Wei-Tao Aubry, Nadine Massoudi, Mehrdad GP ASME TI CHANNEL FLOW OF A MIXTURE OF GRANULAR MATERIALS AND A FLUID SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 7A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME DE Mixture theory; two phase flows; blood; rheology; channel flow; granular materials ID BLOOD-FLOW; SEDIMENTATION; HEMATOCRIT; SIMULATION; LIFT AB In this paper, we consider the three dimensional flow of granular materials and a viscous fluid in a channel. We use Mixture Theory to treat this problem as a two-component system [1]: One component is the solid particles (granular materials), such as sand, coal particles or red blood cells; the solid particles are modeled as a generalized Reiner-Rivlin type fluid derived by Massoudi [2], which not only considers the effects of volume fraction but also has a viscosity which is shear rate dependent. The other component, the host fluid, is assumed to behave as a linear viscous fluid, such as water, oil or plasma. For the interaction forces, the effect of different hindrance functions for the drag force is studied; moreover a generalized form of the expression for the hindrance function is suggested. For studying this two-component system numerically, a three dimensional CFD solver based on OpenFOAM has been developed. Applying this solver, a specific problem (blood flow) has been studied for which our numerical results and experimental data [3] show good agreement. C1 [Wu, Wei-Tao] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Aubry, Nadine] Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Massoudi, Mehrdad] US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Wu, WT (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM weitaow@andrew.cmu.edu; n.aubry@neu.edu; Mehrdad.Massoudi@NETL.DOE.GOV NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5631-4 PY 2014 AR V07AT08A033 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD3NU UT WOS:000359959700033 ER PT B AU Hodson, SL Sayer, RA Koehler, TP Serrano, JR Dalton, SM Fisher, TS AF Hodson, Stephen L. Sayer, Robert A. Koehler, Timothy P. Serrano, Justin R. Dalton, Scott M. Fisher, Timothy S. GP ASME TI EFFECT OF GAMMA-RAY IRRADIATION ON THE THERMAL CONTACT CONDUCTANCE OF CARBON NANOTUBE THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 8B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY AB Thermal interface materials (TIMs) serve a critical role in the thermal management of electronic systems by enhancing the flow of heat from source to sink. Nanostructured materials, such as arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been shown to outperform many commercially available TIMs due to their low intrinsic resistance and large compliance that enables them to conform to rough surfaces. These characteristics, combined with their low density and ability to withstand vacuum environments and extreme temperatures, make CNT-based TIMs very suitable for space applications. In space, materials are exposed to high doses of gamma radiation due to the lack of an atmosphere to serve as an absorbing medium. With typical design lifetimes of 5 to 10 years or even more, total radiation exposure can be significant and can affect the structure and performance of the TIM. In this work, the potentially adverse effects on the thermal performance of CNT TIMs of gamma-ray irradiation is reported. CNT TIMs were irradiated in a gamma cell at a rate of 250 rad/s to total doses of 50 and 100 Mrad. The thermal interface resistance was measured before and after gamma-ray irradiation using a transient photoacoustic (PA) method at room temperature and a contact pressure of 134 kPa and indicated no adverse effects of gamma-ray exposure on thermal performance. C1 [Hodson, Stephen L.; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sayer, Robert A.; Koehler, Timothy P.; Serrano, Justin R.; Dalton, Scott M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hodson, SL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5635-2 PY 2014 AR V08BT09A018 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD3PY UT WOS:000360032700018 ER PT B AU Paul, TC Morshed, AKMM Fox, EB Visser, AE Bridges, NJ Khan, JA AF Paul, Titan C. Morshed, A. K. M. M. Fox, Elise B. Visser, Ann E. Bridges, Nicholas J. Khan, Jamil A. GP ASME TI Numerical Investigation of Natural and Forced Convection of Ionic Liquids SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 8B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME DE Ionic Liquids (ILs); Nusselt number; Rayleigh number; Heat transfer coefficient; Raynolds number ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITIES; STABILITY AB The paper focused on the numerical simulation of natural and forced convection of N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis {trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl} imide ([C(4)mpyrr][NTf2]), ionic liquids (ILs). For natural convection heated from below in a square enclosure and forced convection flow through a pipe with uniform heat flux condition was considered. In numerical simulation the dimensions of the natural convection enclosure and forced convection tube are considered same as the experimental setup. Both constant and temperature dependent thermophysical properties of ILs are applied in forced convection and only temperature dependent properties are applied in natural convection simulation. The temperature dependent thermophysical properties such as density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity of ILs are measured experimentally. Higher accuracy was observed for temperature dependent models. The numerical results were compared with the experimental data of natural and forced convection, reported reasonably good agreements between experimental and numerical results. C1 [Paul, Titan C.; Morshed, A. K. M. M.; Khan, Jamil A.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Fox, Elise B.; Visser, Ann E.; Bridges, Nicholas J.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Paul, TC (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5635-2 PY 2014 AR V08BT09A055 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD3PY UT WOS:000360032700055 ER PT B AU Brown, A Krishnan, K Wayne, L Peralta, P Luo, SN Byler, D Patterson, B AF Brown, A. Krishnan, K. Wayne, L. Peralta, P. Luo, S. N. Byler, D. Patterson, B. GP ASME TI 3-D Characterization of Global and Local Microstructural Effects on Spa 11 Damage in Shock Loaded FCC Metals: Experimental and Modeling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME ID CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; DUCTILE FRACTURE; POLYCRYSTALLINE TANTALUM; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; VOID NUCLEATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; DYNAMIC DAMAGE; STRAIN RATES; COPPER; DEFORMATION AB Global and local microstructural weak links for spall damage were investigated using 3-D characterization in polycrystalline (PC) and multicrystalline (MC) copper samples, respectively. All samples were shocked via flyer-target plate experiments using a laser drive at low pressures (2-6 GPa). The flyer plates measured approximately 500 mu m thick and 8 mm in diameter and the target plates measured approximately 1000 mu m thick and 10 mm in diameter. Electron Backscattering Diffraction (EBSD) and optical microscopy were used to determine to presence of voids and relate them to the surrounding microstructure. Statistics on the strength of grain boundaries (GBs) was conducted by analyzing PC samples and collecting the misorientation across GBs with damage present, and it was found that a misorientation range of 25-50 is favorable for damage. Statistics were also taken of copper PC samples that had undergone different heat treatments and it was found that although the 25-50 range is less dominant, it is still favorable for damage nucleation. Removal of initial plastic strain via heat treatments and an increase in Sigma 3 CSL boundaries, indicative of strong annealing twins, also led to an increased amount of transgranular damage. 3-D X-ray tomography data were used to investigate the shape of the voids present in untreated, as received and heat treated samples. It was found that the as received sample contained a higher amount of "disk", or, "sheet-like" voids indicative of intergranular damage, whereas the heat treated samples had a higher fraction of spherical shaped voids, indicative of transgranular damage. MC samples were used to study microstructural weak links for spall damage because the overall grain size is much larger than the average void size, making it possible to determine which GBs nucleated damage. Simulations and experimental analysis of damage sites with large volumes indicate that high Taylor factor mismatches with respect to the crystallographic grain GB normal is the primary cause for the nucleation of damage at a GB interface and a low Taylor factor along the shock direction in either grain drives void growth perpendicular to the GB. Cases where experimental results show damage and simulation results show no damage are attributed to the presence of an intrinsic microstructural weak link, such as an incoherent twin boundary. C1 [Brown, A.; Wayne, L.; Peralta, P.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Krishnan, K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Luo, S. N.] Sichuan Univ, Peac Inst Multiscale Phys, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. [Byler, D.; Patterson, B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Brown, A (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5638-3 PY 2014 AR UNSP V009T10A033 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD3WY UT WOS:000360260300033 ER PT B AU Brown, AL AF Brown, Alexander L. GP ASME TI DISCRIMINATING COMPOSITE PANELS BY USE OF A SPECTRAL REFLECTOMETER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota AB Carbon fibers are being increasingly used in composites for aircraft. They are bound together with a binder, often an epoxy. There are many grades of binders, and many different types of composites sold on the market. They are expensive. We have some donated materials of unknown type, and would like to be able to be cost-effective and use them without incurring a large cost to analyze the materials using laboratory methods. Visual inspection is not normally sufficiently accurate to be able to tell one composite from another. Optical methods that involve a broader spectrum have commonly been used to discriminate organic materials. A five-band spectral reflectometer is used to measure reflectivity of the surfaces, and is a simple way of extracting data into the infrared bands. The instrument used in these tests is less resolved than a narrow band spectrometer, but is easier to deploy because it is a hand-held device that only requires a flat surface of approximately 3 cm diameter. Reflectivity of many different composite materials, including a bismaleimide, several thermoset epoxies, and some low temperature epoxies from various manufacturers is measured. Other materials are also included to demonstrate that non-composites can be rejected by the methods. Analysis shows that the reflectometer measurements are capable of discriminating some materials, but have difficulty with discriminating others. The raw reflectivity data are likely to be helpful for future radiation modeling of composite surfaces. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Fire & Aerosol Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brown, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Fire & Aerosol Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM albrown@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5548-5 PY 2014 AR V002T05A003 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AS UT WOS:000360415000028 ER PT B AU Cabrera, JM Overholt, KJ Abbasi, M Granzow, HN Gordon, DJ Ezekoye, OA AF Cabrera, Jan-Michael Overholt, Kristopher J. Abbasi, Mustafa Granzow, Howard N. Gordon, Derek J. Ezekoye, Ofodike A. GP ASME TI GLOVEBOX FIRE SUPPRESSION EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHARACTERIZATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota AB Gloveboxes are generally used to protect workers from the potential hazards that arise in the materials they are working with. In the middle of the 20th century gloveboxes were mainly used to protect workers against radioactive materials. Factory Mutual investigated accidents involved in gloveboxes at nuclear facilities from 1956 to 1965 that resulted in damages and contamination clean up efforts reported at $1,232,000 ($8.5 million in 2012 dollars) [1]. Fire suppression systems are therefore a key aspect to glovebox safety. Use of water based systems generally result in undesired transport of hazardous materials [2]. Halon suppression systems were used but due to its large potential to deplete ozone was phased out in the latter part of the 20th century. Activation tests of a commercial automatic fire suppression system (Fire Foe (TM)) containing heptaflouropropane (FE-36) fire suppressant were conducted within a glovebox at the University of Texas Fire Research Group's burn structure. Ten tests were conducted at four different fire sizes: three 13 kW, one 20 kW, three 25 kW and three 50 kW. Activation times and gas temperatures were recorded. Gas temperatures from experiments were compared against NIST's Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) gas temperatures with good agreement. More stratification was observed in experimental temperatures compared to FDS temperatures. The time and spatially averaged net heat flux on a virtual Fire Foe (TM) tube from the FDS simulations were passed to a thermo-physical semi-empirical submodel to predict activation. The submodel did not capture the exponential nature observed in the data of activation times versus fire heat release rate. Work is continuing on improving the submodel to capture the observed events. C1 [Cabrera, Jan-Michael; Overholt, Kristopher J.; Abbasi, Mustafa; Ezekoye, Ofodike A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Granzow, Howard N.; Gordon, Derek J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ezekoye, OA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM janmichael.cabrera@gmail.com; koverholt@gmail.com; mustafa_abbasi@utexas.edu; granzow@lanl.gov; dgordon@lanl.gov; dezekoye@mail.utexas.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5548-5 PY 2014 AR V002T05A002 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AS UT WOS:000360415000027 ER PT B AU He, T Mei, CL Butcher, T Longtin, JP AF He, Tao Mei, Chunlei Butcher, Tom Longtin, Jon P. GP ASME TI USE OF A TWO-PHASE THERMOSYPHON AS A LOW-COST, HIGH-PERFORMANCE ECONOMIZER FOR REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota ID HEAT-TRANSFER CORRELATIONS; FLUX AB The electricity consumption of residential and commercial refrigerators is significant in the United States. A natural choice then is to use the low outside temperatures for cooling to reduce electricity usage for residential refrigerators. Our solution is to use two phase close thermosyphon as an economizer during the cold season to take advantage of colder outside temperatures. Benefits of the thermosyphon include a high heat carrying capability with a small temperature drop, low cost, and the ability to behave as a thermal diode. In this work, a model is adapted from the literature to investigate the effect of working fluids, filling ratio and heat input on the performance of thermosyphon for refrigeration applications. Among the working fluids explored ammonia provided the best performance, followed by methanol. Experimental results are also presented for a thermosyphon residing in a simulated refrigeration configuration. The measured temperatures agree well with model predictions. The result demonstrates it is able to maintain temperature drop with applicable range. C1 [He, Tao; Mei, Chunlei; Longtin, Jon P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Butcher, Tom] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP He, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5548-5 PY 2014 AR V002T04A021 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AS UT WOS:000360415000021 ER PT B AU Moreno, G Jeffers, JR Narumanchi, S AF Moreno, Gilberto Jeffers, Jana R. Narumanchi, Sreekant GP ASME TI EFFECTS OF PRESSURE AND A MICROPOROUS COATING ON HFC-245FA POOL BOILING HEAT TRANSFER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota DE Boiling heat transfer; critical heat flux; HFC-245fa; microporous coating ID REFRIGERANTS; ENHANCEMENT; TUBES AB A study was conducted to experimentally characterize the pool boiling performance of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-245fa. The motivation for this research is to characterize the performance of candidate refrigerants for potential use in automotive power electronics two-phase cooling systems. The HFC-245fa pool boiling experiments were conducted using horizontally oriented 1-cm(2) heated surfaces to quantify the effects of pressure and a microporous-enhanced coating on heat transfer coefficients and critical heat flux (CHF) values. Experiments were carried out at pressures ranging from 0.15 MPa to 1.1 MPa (reduced pressure range: 0.04-0.31). To enhance boiling heat transfer, a copper microporous coating was applied to the test surfaces. The coating was found to enhance heat transfer coefficients by as much as 430% and CHF by approximately 50%. Increasing pressure decreased the magnitude of the heat transfer coefficient enhancements but had minimal effect on CHF enhancements. The experimental data were then used to generate correlations for the boiling heat transfer coefficients and CHF values. Finally, the performance of HFC-245fa was compared to the performance of hydrofluoroolefin (HFO)-1234yf and HFC-134a at conditions of equivalent saturation temperatures and reduced pressures. C1 [Moreno, Gilberto; Jeffers, Jana R.; Narumanchi, Sreekant] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moreno, G (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM gilbert.moreno@nrel.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5548-5 PY 2014 AR V002T07A014 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AS UT WOS:000360415000055 ER PT B AU Siahpush, A Crepeau, J Sabharwall, P AF Siahpush, Ali Crepeau, John Sabharwall, Piyush GP ASME TI SCALE/ANALYTICAL ANALYSES OF FREEZING AND CONVECTIVE MELTING WITH INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota ID NATURAL-CONVECTION; CAVITY AB Using a scale/analytical analysis approach, we model phase change (melting) for pure materials which generate constant internal heat generation for small Stefan numbers (approximately one). The analysis considers conduction in the solid phase and natural convection, driven by internal heat generation, in the liquid regime. The model is applied for a constant surface temperature boundary condition where the melting temperature is greater than the surface temperature in a cylindrical geometry. The analysis also consider constant heat flux (in a cylindrical geometry). We show the time scales in which conduction and convection heat transfer dominate. C1 [Siahpush, Ali] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. [Crepeau, John] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Sabharwall, Piyush] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Siahpush, A (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5548-5 PY 2014 AR V002T07A034 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AS UT WOS:000360415000075 ER PT B AU Gomez-Ramirez, D Srinivasan, S Ramesh, S Miranda, M Ekkad, SV Alvin, MA AF Gomez-Ramirez, David Srinivasan, Shreyas Ramesh, Sridharan Miranda, Marco Ekkad, Srinath V. Alvin, Mary Anne GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL EVALUATION OF FLOW CHARACTERISTICS FOR ADVANCED FILM COOLING HOLE GEOMETRIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota AB Film cooling is crucial in the field of gas turbines to protect the blade surfaces from the hot combustion gases. Several hole geometries have been studied in the past in an effort to optimize the cooling effectiveness of the holes while maintaining the structural integrity of the blade and low manufacturing costs. To understand the cooling effectiveness of the various hole geometries, the flow structures that develop as the coolant jet interacts with the hot mainstream must be understood. The present paper compares the results obtained from 2D Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements with CFD predictions using standard Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (BANS) models with a commercially available code. The study is conducted for flat plate film cooling via conventional cylindrical holes, shaped holes (10 flare/laidback), and a tripod anti-vortex hole (AY) design. A constant blowing ratio (BR) of 0.5 was used for all the experiments, except for an additional measurement for the AV design at a BR of 1.0. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) calculations were made with a standard k-epsilon model and compared to PIV results. The results show the counter-rotating vortices developing for cylindrical and shaped holes up to 5D and 3D respectively from the hole exit. AV holes showed no vortex formation, further supporting its higher cooling performance. Moreover, the present results indicate no separation of the coolant jet for AV or shaped holes as expected, while cylindrical holes displayed a small separation with a vertical extent of similar to 0.1D. The CFD model was able to capture the main structures of the flow, but further efforts will concentrate in improving the representation of the flow normal to the flat plate surface. C1 [Ramesh, Sridharan; Ekkad, Srinath V.; Alvin, Mary Anne] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Gomez-Ramirez, David; Srinivasan, Shreyas; Ramesh, Sridharan; Ekkad, Srinath V.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Miranda, Marco] Univ Bergamo, Dalmine, BG, Italy. RP Gomez-Ramirez, D (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5549-2 PY 2014 AR V003T08A012 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AT UT WOS:000360415100012 ER PT B AU Miller, N Siw, SC Chyu, MK Alvin, MA AF Miller, Nicholas Siw, Sin Chien Chyu, Minking K. Alvin, Mary Anne GP ASME TI Optimization of Single Row Jet Impingement Array by Varying Flow Rates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota ID HEAT-TRANSFER; IMPINGING JETS AB The current detailed experimental study focuses on the optimization of heat transfer performance through jet impingement by varying the coolant flow rate to each individual jet. The test section consists of an array of five jets, which is individually fed and metered separately, and expels air through one exit. The jet diameter D, channel height to jet diameter H/D, and jet spacing to diameter SID, are all held constant at 9.53 mm (0.375 in), 2 and 4 respectively. The Reynolds number, which is based on jet diameter and bulk mean velocity at each jet, ranges from 50,000 to 80,000. A transient liquid crystal technique is employed in this study to determine the local and overall-average heat transfer coefficient distribution on the target plate. Commercially available CFD software, ANSYS CFX, is used to qualitatively correlate the experimental results and to provide detailed insights of the flow field created by the array of jets. The results revealed higher heat transfer coefficients in the impingement area, while decreasing in the radial direction. The upstream region exhibited high heat transfer performance, which is ultimately driven by the jet impingement from the first jet to the third jet. Heat transfer performance decreases at the downstream region with the development of cross-flow. By varying the jet flow rates at approximately +/- 2%, local heat transfer at the downstream region is elevated and the total heat transfer enhancement on the target surface is enhanced up to 35% compared to the baseline case. C1 [Miller, Nicholas; Siw, Sin Chien; Chyu, Minking K.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15264 USA. [Alvin, Mary Anne] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Miller, N (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15264 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5549-2 PY 2014 AR V003T20A006 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AT UT WOS:000360415100048 ER PT B AU Ramesh, S LeBlanc, C Ekkad, S Alvin, MA AF Ramesh, Sridharan LeBlanc, Christopher Ekkad, Srinath Alvin, Mary Anne GP ASME TI THERMO-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS FILM COOLING HOLE GEOMETRIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota AB Tripod hole film cooling designs can provide improved cooling with reduced coolant usage. It is essential to determine the impact of strong cooling near hole locations due to increased thermal gradients around the hole region. In this paper, efforts have been made to predict the same using a numerical analysis. Local temperature distribution on the blade surface causes different rates of expansion, resulting in a differential strain, furthering the impact of the numerical study and creating a need to understand the thermo-mechanical behavior of blade design. The thermal stresses that are generated near the film cooling holes are compared for different cooling hole shapes and eventually weigh the thermal advantage of a tripod hole over the cylindrical standard design. Standard k-epsilon was used to validate the CFD results, ensuring by a fine mesh of 5 million tetrahedrons. Validation includes comparison of the experimental results, with a numerical one where similar blade material and working temperatures are used Upon validation, CFD was run again at engine temperature conditions with Haynes230 alloy as the blade material. Surface temperature contour enabled structural analysis using a finite element approach. Equivalent stresses (Von-Mises stresses) on the blade emerging from the analysis provided more information about stress dependency on blowing ratio. C1 [Ramesh, Sridharan; LeBlanc, Christopher; Ekkad, Srinath] Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Alvin, Mary Anne] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Ramesh, S (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5549-2 PY 2014 AR V003T08A011 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AT UT WOS:000360415100011 ER PT B AU Sayer, RA Koehler, TP Dalton, SM Grasser, TW Akau, RL AF Sayer, Robert A. Koehler, Timothy P. Dalton, Scott M. Grasser, Thomas W. Akau, Ronald L. GP ASME TI THERMAL CONTACT CONDUCTANCE OF RADIATION-AGED THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota ID ENHANCEMENT AB Thermal interface materials (TIMs) serve a critical role in thermal management by enhancing heat transfer across contact interfaces. Specifically, they are most commonly used in electronics to enhance the flow of heat from source to sink by decreasing the overall thermal resistance of the system. In space, these materials are exposed to high doses of Gamma radiation due to the lack of an atmosphere to serve as an absorbing medium. With typical design lifetimes of 5 to 10 years, total radiation exposure can be significant and can adversely affect the thermal contact resistance (TCR) of the TIM. In this manuscript, we report the effect of radiation-aging on the TCC of several commercially available electrically insulating, thermally conductive interface materials that are commonly used in satellite systems. Although radiation dose levels can vary significantly during the course of a space mission, a dosing of 10 Mrad per year for TIMs is a reasonable estimate. The TIMs were aged in a Gamma cell at a rate of 250 rad/s to total doses of 50 and 100 Mrad to simulate mission lengths of 5 and 10 years, respectively. The TCR of each radiation-aged sample, as well as un-aged samples, were measured under vacuum (less than 3 x 10(-4) Pa). Radiation-aging of the TIMs led to a significant increase in the TCR of the tested samples. For example, the pressure-dependent TCR was shown to increase 20-150% for Cho-Therm 1671 and 50-250% for ThermaCool R10404 samples subjected to 50 Mrad of gamma-ray irradiation. These results show that radiation-aging of TIMs cannot be ignored in the design and simulation of space systems. C1 [Sayer, Robert A.; Koehler, Timothy P.; Dalton, Scott M.; Grasser, Thomas W.; Akau, Ronald L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sayer, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5549-2 PY 2014 AR V003T10A002 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AT UT WOS:000360415100025 ER PT B AU Sabharwall, P Schmutz, H Stoots, C Griffith, G AF Sabharwall, Piyush Schmutz, Hans Stoots, Carl Griffith, George GP ASME TI TRITIUM PRODUCTION AND PERMEATION IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE REACTOR SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota ID LI2BEF4 MOLTEN-SALT; RELEASE BEHAVIOR; HYDROGEN AB Tritium (H-3(1)) is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen formed by ternary fission events (rare emissions of three nuclides rather than two during a fission) and neutron absorption (and subsequent decay) of predecessor radionuclides, particularly Li-6 and Li-7. Also in fusion, the concept of breeding tritium during the fusion reaction is of significance for the future needs of a large-scale fusion power plant. Tritium is of special interest among the fission products created in next-generation nuclear reactors such as gas cooled reactors and molten salt reactors, because of the large quantities produced when compared with conventional light-water reactors (LWR) and the higher temperatures of operation for these systems enhances permeation. To prevent the tritium contamination of proposed reactor buildings and surrounding sites, this paper examines the root causes and potential solutions for mitigation of permeation of this radionuclide, including materials selection and inert gas sparging. A model is presented that can be used to predict permeation rates of hydrogen through metallic alloys at temperatures from 450-750 degrees C. Results of the diffusion model are presented along with mitigation strategies for tritium permeation. C1 [Sabharwall, Piyush; Schmutz, Hans; Stoots, Carl; Griffith, George] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Sabharwall, P (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5550-8 PY 2014 AR V004T19A001 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AU UT WOS:000360415200053 ER PT B AU Siahpush, A Sabharwall, P AF Siahpush, Ali Sabharwall, Piyush GP ASME TI ASME MATERIAL CHALLENGES FOR ADVANCE REACTOR CONCEPTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota AB This study presents the material challenges associated with Advanced Reactor Concepts (ARC) such as the Advanced High Temperature Reactor (AHTR). ARCs are the next generation concepts focusing on power production and providing thermal energy for industrial applications. The efficient transfer of energy for industrial applications depends on the ability to incorporate cost-effective heat exchangers between the nuclear heat transport system and industrial process heat transport system. The heat exchanger required for AHTR is subjected to a unique set of conditions that introduce several design challenges not encountered in standard heat exchangers. The corrosive molten salts, especially at higher temperatures, require materials throughout the system to avoid corrosion, and adverse high-temperature effects, such as creep. Given the very high steam generator pressure of the supercritical steam cycle, it is anticipated that water tube and molten salt shell steam generators heat exchanger will be used. In this paper, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Section III and Section VIII requirements (acceptance criteria) are discussed. Also, the ASME material acceptance criteria (ASME Section II, Part D) for high temperature environments are presented. Finally, lack of ASME acceptance criteria for thermal design and analysis are discussed with potential benefit. C1 [Siahpush, Ali; Sabharwall, Piyush] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Siahpush, A (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5550-8 PY 2014 AR V004T19A002 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AU UT WOS:000360415200054 ER PT S AU Bihari, BL Wong, M de Supinski, BR Diachin, L AF Bihari, Barna L. Wong, Michael de Supinski, Bronis R. Diachin, Lori BE DeRose, L DeSupinski, BR Olivier, SL Chapman, BM Muller, MS TI On the Algorithmic Aspects of Using OpenMP Synchronization Mechanisms: The Effects of Transactional Memory SO USING AND IMPROVING OPENMP FOR DEVICES, TASKS, AND MORE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on OpenMP (IWOMP) CY SEP 28-30, 2014 CL Salvador, BRAZIL AB In this paper we analyze the effects of using different OpenMP synchronization mechanisms in iterative mesh optimization algorithms run on the IBM Blue Gene/Q system. We perform a systematic study of a threaded Laplacian mesh smoothing method on Cartesian meshes of different sizes that have been initially perturbed by a factor that is random, but within a controlled range. We consider three different run modes, two of which are OpenMP synchronization mechanisms: (hardware) transactional memory (TM), OpenMP critical, and "none". We find that TM typically outperforms the other two modes in terms of its convergence characteristics. Because of the algorithmic simplicity and light operation count, the raw runtime performance was not our focus in this work; however, we present some results on TM scaling. We also show the TM rollback and conflict probabilities, and conclude that mesh optimization codes are good candidates for using TM when the more general "time-to-convergence" criterion is considered. C1 [Bihari, Barna L.; de Supinski, Bronis R.; Diachin, Lori] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wong, Michael] IBM Corp, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. RP Bihari, BL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM biharil@llnl.gov; michaelw@ca.ibm.com; bronis@llnl.gov; diachin2@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-11454-5; 978-3-319-11453-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8766 BP 115 EP 129 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD3UA UT WOS:000360155400009 ER PT S AU Wong, M Ayguade, E Gottschlich, J Luchangco, V de Supinski, BR Bihari, B AF Wong, Michael Ayguade, Eduard Gottschlich, Justin Luchangco, Victor de Supinski, Bronis R. Bihari, Barna CA WG21 SG5 Transactional Memory Subg BE DeRose, L DeSupinski, BR Olivier, SL Chapman, BM Muller, MS TI Towards Transactional Memory for OpenMP SO USING AND IMPROVING OPENMP FOR DEVICES, TASKS, AND MORE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on OpenMP (IWOMP) CY SEP 28-30, 2014 CL Salvador, BRAZIL AB The OpenMP specification lacks a composable shared memory concurrency mechanism: the current OpenMP concurrency mechanisms, such as OMP critical, locks, or atomics, do not support composition. In this paper, we motivate the need for transactional memory (TM) in OpenMP. The chief reason is to support composition of realistic programs, but we also consider whether TM is easier to program than locks, the use case for TM, and whether a software-only TM can outperform traditional locking through a survey of recent publications. This paper advances upon previous proposals of OpenMP TM by introducing a new construct specifically to handle irrevocable actions, which is also composable. It also proposes a pure atomic transaction construct as well as the concept of transaction safety. Further, we examine how our proposed construct integrates with current OpenMP constructs. C1 [Wong, Michael] IBM Corp, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Gottschlich, Justin] Intel, Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Luchangco, Victor] Oracle, Redwood Shores, CA USA. [de Supinski, Bronis R.; Bihari, Barna] LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. RP Wong, M (reprint author), IBM Corp, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-11454-5; 978-3-319-11453-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8766 BP 130 EP 145 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD3UA UT WOS:000360155400010 ER PT S AU Huck, KA Malony, AD Shende, S Jacobsen, DW AF Huck, Kevin A. Malony, Allen D. Shende, Sameer Jacobsen, Doug W. BE DeRose, L DeSupinski, BR Olivier, SL Chapman, BM Muller, MS TI Integrated Measurement for Cross-Platform OpenMP Performance Analysis SO USING AND IMPROVING OPENMP FOR DEVICES, TASKS, AND MORE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on OpenMP (IWOMP) CY SEP 28-30, 2014 CL Salvador, BRAZIL ID TOOL AB The ability to measure the performance of OpenMP programs portably across shared memory platforms and across OpenMP compilers is a challenge due to the lack of a widely-implemented performance interface standard. While the OpenMP community is currently evaluating a tools interface specification called OMPT, at present there are different instrumentation methods possible at different levels of observation and with different system and compiler dependencies. This paper describes how support for four mechanisms for OpenMP measurement has been integrated into the TAU performance system. These include source-level instrumentation (Opari), a runtime "collector" API (called ORA) built into an OpenMP compiler (OpenUH), a wrapped OpenMP runtime library (GOMP using ORA), and an OpenMP runtime library supporting an OMPT prototype (Intel). The capabilities of these approaches are evaluated with respect to observation visibility, portability, and measurement overhead for OpenMP benchmarks from the NAS parallel benchmarks, Barcelona OpenMP Task Suite, and SPEC 2012. The integrated OpenMP measurement support is also demonstrated on a scientific application, MPAS-Ocean. C1 [Huck, Kevin A.; Malony, Allen D.; Shende, Sameer] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Jacobsen, Doug W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huck, KA (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-11454-5; 978-3-319-11453-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8766 BP 146 EP 160 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD3UA UT WOS:000360155400011 ER PT S AU Yan, X Cheriyadat, A Shah, SK AF Yan, Xu Cheriyadat, Anil Shah, Shishir K. GP IEEE TI Hierarchical Group Structures in Multi-Person Tracking SO 2014 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION (ICPR) SE International Conference on Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) CY AUG 24-28, 2014 CL Swedish Soc Automated Image Anal, Stockholm, SWEDEN SP IEEE Comp Soc, IAPR, Linkopings Univ, Lunds Univ, Uppsala Univ, e Sci Collaborat, Swedish Soc Automated Image Anal, Stockhoms Stad, Swedish e Sci Res Ctr, SICK, Autoliv, IBM Res, Int Journal Automat & Comp HO Swedish Soc Automated Image Anal ID VISUAL TRACKING AB This paper presents a novel approach for improving multi-person tracking using hierarchical group structures. The groups are identified by a bottom-up social group discovery method. The inter-and intra-group structures are modeled as a two-layer graph and tracking is posed as optimization of the integrated structure. The target appearance is modeled using HOG features, and the tracking solution is obtained via dynamic programming. The group structures are updated continuously and re-initialized intermittently using collected tracking evidence. We test our method on videos from four challenging datasets and evaluate it against state-of-the-art trackers. The significant performance improvement shows the importance of modeling the intra-group relationships and the advantage of the two-layer graph structure. C1 [Yan, Xu; Shah, Shishir K.] Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheriyadat, Anil] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yan, X (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM xyan5@uh.edu; cheriyadatam@ornl.gov; sshah@central.uh.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1051-4651 BN 978-1-4799-5208-3 J9 INT C PATT RECOG PY 2014 BP 2221 EP 2226 DI 10.1109/ICPR.2014.386 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD3KX UT WOS:000359818002057 ER PT S AU Fuller, JC McHann, SE Sunderman, W AF Fuller, Jason C. McHann, Stanley E., Jr. Sunderman, Wes GP IEEE TI Using Open Source Modeling Tools To Enhance Engineering Analysis SO 2014 IEEE RURAL ELECTRIC POWER CONFERENCE (REPC) SE Rural Electric Power Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th IEEE Annual Conference on Rural Electric Power (REPC) CY MAY 18-21, 2014 CL 20140518, TX SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, Rural Elect Power Comm, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc, IJUS LLC SPIDA Software, Power Engineers, Milsoft Util, UC Synerget DE Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI); Data Analytics; Smart Grid; Smart Meters; SCADA (System Control and Data Acquisition); Distribution Analysis; Distribution Automation; Distribution State Estimation; Load Flow Analysis; Real Time Distribution Feeder Analysis; Active Grid Management; Big Data AB There are several very capable open source engineering analysis tools that a utility can use to assist in solving engineering analysis problems. Applying these open source applications, alongside a commercial engineering analysis application, can be a very cost effective way for utility engineers to solve problems presented by newer technologies, such as Solar and Wind DG and PEV charging, using the data they already have in their commercial applications. In this paper we will use GridLAB-D, OpenDSS, and Milsoft's WindMil, to show examples of today's engineering analysis problems that can be solved using open source and commercial applications in concert with each other. The purpose of the paper is to show what is possible, and what is needed to use multiple analysis tools to solve more complex analysis. The purpose of the paper is not, for example, to complete a complex time series study on the affect of PV generation on a distribution network, which could be a paper on its own merit. The list below outlines some of the analysis projects that can be done with this approach and we will provide examples of at least two of them. Voltage Drop Basic PV Analysis Effects of voltage profiles for various times (peak wind/solarv. peak load v. off-peak) Harmonics Effects of EV charging We will also outline the need for validated connectivity and asset information as the foundation analysis in any tool selected by the utility to accomplish their engineering analysis tasks. C1 [Fuller, Jason C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Adv Power & Energy Syst, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [McHann, Stanley E., Jr.] Milsoft Util Solut Inc, Abilene, TX 79606 USA. [Sunderman, Wes] EPRI, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Fuller, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Adv Power & Energy Syst, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jason.fuller@pnnl.gov; stan.mchann@milsoft.com; wsunderman@epri.com RI Fuller, Jason/C-9951-2014 OI Fuller, Jason/0000-0002-0462-0093 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0734-7464 BN 978-1-4799-3322-8 J9 RUR ELEC P PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD3KA UT WOS:000359796600014 ER PT S AU Schellenberg, JA Sullivan, MJ Eto, JH AF Schellenberg, Josh A. Sullivan, Michael J. Eto, Joe H. GP IEEE TI Incorporating Customer Interruption Costs Into Reliability Planning SO 2014 IEEE RURAL ELECTRIC POWER CONFERENCE (REPC) SE Rural Electric Power Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th IEEE Annual Conference on Rural Electric Power (REPC) CY MAY 18-21, 2014 CL 20140518, TX SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, Rural Elect Power Comm, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc, IJUS LLC SPIDA Software, Power Engineers, Milsoft Util, UC Synerget DE Economics; education; planning; power distribution reliability; power system reliability; power transmission reliability; reliability; reliability estimation; statistics; technology planning ID ELECTRICITY AB Value-based reliability planning (VBRP) has been a well-established theoretical concept in the utility industry for over 30 years. However, few utilities have implemented this planning framework because customer interruption cost estimates - a key input for VBRP - have not been readily available, especially for rural electric entities that do not have the resources to conduct an in-depth customer interruption cost survey. In addition, the electric utility industry has lacked a detailed technical framework for applying the VBRP theory. To address these barriers to incorporating customer interruption costs into reliability planning, the authors of this paper developed the Interruption Cost Estimate (ICE) Calculator, which is a tool designed for electric reliability planners at utilities, government organizations or other entities that are interested in estimating interruption costs and/or the benefits associated with reliability improvements. This paper provides a case study that uses the ICE Calculator and specifically discusses how rural electric entities can take advantage of this publicly available reliability planning tool. C1 [Schellenberg, Josh A.; Sullivan, Michael J.] Freeman Sullivan & Co, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Eto, Joe H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schellenberg, JA (reprint author), Freeman Sullivan & Co, 101 Montgomery St,15th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0734-7464 BN 978-1-4799-3322-8 J9 RUR ELEC P PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD3KA UT WOS:000359796600011 ER PT B AU Cora, ON Koc, M Blau, PJ Namiki, K AF Cora, Omer Necati Koc, Muammer Blau, Peter J. Namiki, Kunio GP ASME TI INVESTIGATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF COATING MATERIAL AND METHOD ON DIE WEAR IN STAMPING OF ADVANCED HIGH STRENGTH STEELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 2A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME ID PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; RADIUS AB Despite the advantages of advanced high strength steels (AHSS), their stamping into functional lightweight parts demands prolonged die life, which necessitates the use of alternative substrates, coating materials, and/or surface conditioning to minimize and delay the die wear. In order to avoid frequent die replacement and surface quality problems on the stamped parts, the metalworking industry has been investigating various approaches such as reducing/refining the carbide particles, adding alloying elements, and elevating the hardness and toughness values for both substrate materials and coatings. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of different coatings on the wear behavior of a some selected tool steel materials (die sample of interest) against two different AHSS sheet blanks through a cylinder-on-flat type reciprocating test method. After wear tests, both die sample and sheet blank surface were microscopically examined. Wear resistance of the slider was quantified from wear scar width measurements. Results showed that TD and CVD coated die samples performed better than the two other PVD coated samples. C1 [Cora, Omer Necati] Karadeniz Tech Univ, Trabzon, Turkey. [Cora, Omer Necati; Koc, Muammer] NSF I UCRC Ctr Precis Forming, Richmond, VA USA. [Koc, Muammer] Istanbul Sehir Univ, Istanbul, Turkey. [Blau, Peter J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Namiki, Kunio] Daido Steel Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan. RP Cora, ON (reprint author), Karadeniz Tech Univ, Trabzon, Turkey. RI Makina, KTU/K-7182-2012 OI Makina, KTU/0000-0003-0130-0876 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5618-5 PY 2014 AR V02AT02A019 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD3HC UT WOS:000359682200019 ER PT B AU Sullivan, DJ Taylor, PA Pelegri, AA AF Sullivan, Daniel J. Taylor, Paul A. Pelegri, Assimina A. GP ASME TI A MICROMECHANICAL MODEL FOR SHEAR-INDUCED PLATELET DAMAGE IN CAPILLARIES WITHIN GRAY MATTER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 3A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME DE Traumatic brain injury; finite element model; neurons; platelets; gray matter ID HYPERELASTIC PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BRAIN-TISSUE; CELL-DEATH; BLOOD; STRESS AB In order to expand on potential injury mechanisms to the brain, a micromechanical structural representation of the gray matter must be developed. The gray matter contains a high volume of capillary vasculature that supplies the necessary oxygen required for maintaining healthy cell and brain function. Even short disruptions in this blood supply and the accompanying dissolved oxygen can lead to neuronal cell damage and death. It has been shown that increased shearing forces within the blood, such as those found near stents and artificial heart valves, can lead to platelet activation and aggregation, causing clots to form and potential disruptions in blood flow and oxygen distribution. Current macro-scale computational brain modeling can incorporate the larger main vasculature of the brain, but it becomes too computationally expensive to incorporate the smaller vessels. These larger scale models can be used to reveal how forces to the head are transmitted down to a scale slightly larger than the smallest capillaries within the gray matter. In order to investigate the response and potential damage to capillaries and platelets within the brain, a micromechanical computational model is developed incorporating the gray matter, capillaries, and blood, which is composed of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets. The red blood cells are a necessary component for the model for damage as it comprises almost half of the volume of blood and is the major contributor to the non-Newtonian behavior. The model combines both fluids and viscoelastic solid materials (the gray matter and the vascular wall). The deviatoric stress, strain and strain rate of the platelets in response to an externally applied load is measured and will determine the potential for platelet aggregation and clot formation. The micromechanical model is also used to provide verification and refinement for existing constitutive models for the gray matter used in meso- and macro-scale computational models. C1 [Sullivan, Daniel J.; Pelegri, Assimina A.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Taylor, Paul A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pelegri, AA (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM pelegri@jove.rutgers.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5621-5 PY 2014 AR V03AT03A020 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA BD3HE UT WOS:000359682400020 ER PT B AU Brake, MR AF Brake, M. R. GP ASME TI THE ROLE OF EPISTEMIC UNCERTAINTY OF CONTACT MODELS IN THE DESIGN OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 4B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME ID IMPACT; RESTITUTION; COEFFICIENT; EXCITATION; SPHERES; VIBRATIONS; WEAR AB Impact is a wide-spread phenomenon in mechanical systems that can have a significant effect on the systems dynamics, stability, wear, and damage. The simulation of impact in complex, mechanical systems, however, is often too computationally intensive for high fidelity finite element analyses to be useful as design tools. As a result, rigid body dynamics and reduced order model simulations are often used, with the impact events modeled by ad hoc methods such as a constant coefficient of restitution or penalty stiffness. The effect of epistemic uncertainty in the choice of contact model is investigated in this paper for a representative multiple-degree of freedom mechanical system. Five contact models are considered in the analysis: a constant coefficient of restitution model, a piecewise-linear stiffness and damping (i.e. Kelvin-Voight) model, two similar elastic-plastic constitutive models, and one dissimilar elastic-plastic constitutive model. The predictions of wear and mechanical failure are assessed for each of the contact models. The ramifications of the choice of the contact model for an optimization study of the system's geometric design are also presented. These results emphasize the importance of choosing an accurate contact model when simulations are being used to drive the design of a system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brake, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mrbrake@sandia.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5625-3 PY 2014 AR V04BT04A011 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BD3HH UT WOS:000359682700011 ER PT B AU Warner, G O'Hern, TJ AF Warner, Grant O'Hern, Timothy J. GP ASME TI INCORPORATING RESEARCH INTO CAPSTONE DESIGN PROJECTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME ID FLOCCULATION; AGGREGATION AB Mechanical Engineering Capstone projects traditionally involve design and fabrication of a piece of hardware needed to meet the specifications of an industrial sponsor. Such projects provide an opportunity for the students to apply their classroom knowledge to a practical project and to interact and collaborate with a motivated sponsor. Howard University and Sandia National Laboratories have collaborated for the past seven years on developing research-focused projects from a national laboratory that are appropriate for Capstone design student teams. The students are exposed to a research environment and learn how to use their designs to perform experiments that can acquire high-quality data. As part of these problem-based learning projects, the students employ various Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools available as part of their design work, build apparatus, acquire data, and perform data analysis. The projects are focused on design, but lead to an experimental apparatus that is tested, leading to students' experience with equipment such as data acquisition systems, high-speed cameras, image analysis, evaluation of experimental uncertainty, and comparing data with models. Two example projects will be presented in this paper, one focused on development of apparatus for testing flocculation of small particles, and another on developing a vibration test platform for experiments on bubbles under vibration. C1 [Warner, Grant] Howard Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [O'Hern, Timothy J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Warner, G (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5627-7 PY 2014 AR V005T05A035 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Mechanical SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BD3NR UT WOS:000359955300035 ER PT B AU Chakraborty, P Biner, SB AF Chakraborty, Pritam Biner, S. Bulent GP ASME TI MODELING THE DUCTILE BRITTLE FRACTURE TRANSITION IN REACTOR PRESSURE VESSEL STEELS USING A COHESIVE ZONE MODEL BASED APPROACH SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 6B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME ID CHARPY IMPACT TEST; CUP-CONE FRACTURE; CRACK-GROWTH; SIMULATIONS; CLEAVAGE; SOLIDS AB Fracture properties of Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) steels show large variations with changes in temperature and irradiation levels. Brittle "behavior is observed at lower temperatures and/or higher irradiation levels whereas ductile mode of failure is predominant at higher temperatures and/or lower irradiation levels. In addition to such temperature and radiation dependent fracture behavior, significant scatter in fracture toughness has also been observed. As a consequence of such variability in fracture behavior, accurate estimates of fracture properties of RPV steels are of utmost importance for safe and reliable operation of reactor pressure vessels. A cohesive zone based approach is being pursued in the present study where an attempt is made to obtain a unified law capturing both stable crack growth (ductile fracture) and unstable failure (cleavage fracture). The parameters of the constitutive model are dependent on both temperature and failure probability. The effect of irradiation has not been considered in the present study. The use of such a cohesive zone based approach would allow the modeling of explicit crack growth at both stable and unstable regimes of fracture. Also it would provide the possibility to incorporate more physical lower length scale models to predict DBT. Such a multi-scale approach would significantly improve the predictive capabilities of the model, which is still largely empirical. C1 [Chakraborty, Pritam; Biner, S. Bulent] Idaho Natl Lab, Modeling & Simulat Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Chakraborty, P (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Modeling & Simulat Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM pritam.chakraborty@inl.gov; suleyman.biner@inl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5629-1 PY 2014 AR V06BT07A055 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3NT UT WOS:000359955500054 ER PT B AU Harris, WM Lombardo, JJ Nelson, GJ Chiu, WKS Lai, B Wang, S Vila-Comamala, J Liu, MF Liu, ML AF Harris, William M. Lombardo, Jeffrey J. Nelson, George J. Chiu, Wilson K. S. Lai, Barry Wang, Steve Vila-Comamala, Joan Liu, Mingfei Liu, Meilin GP ASME TI EXAMINING EFFECTS OF SULFUR POISONING ON NI/YSZ SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL ANODES USING SYNCHROTRON-BASED X-RAY IMAGING TECHNIQUES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 6B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME ID NI-YSZ; MICROSTRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOSCALE; H2S C1 [Harris, William M.; Lombardo, Jeffrey J.; Nelson, George J.; Chiu, Wilson K. S.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, HeteroFoaM Ctr, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Lai, Barry; Wang, Steve; Vila-Comamala, Joan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Liu, Mingfei; Liu, Meilin] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, HeteroFoaM Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Harris, WM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, HeteroFoaM Ctr, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Vila-Comamala, Joan/E-2106-2017 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5629-1 PY 2014 AR V06BT07A019 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3NT UT WOS:000359955500018 ER PT B AU Hawkes, GL Sterbentz, JW Maki, JT AF Hawkes, Grant L. Sterbentz, James W. Maki, John T. GP ASME TI THERMAL PREDICTIONS OF THE AGR-3/4 EXPERIMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 6B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME AB A thermal analysis was performed for the Advanced Gas Reactor test experiment number three/four (AGR-3/4) irradiated at the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). Several fuel irradiation experiments are planned for the AGR Fuel Development and Qualification Program which supports the development of the Very-High-Temperature gas-cooled Reactor (VHTR) under the Next-Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) project. AGR-3/4 combines two tests in a series of planned AGR experiments to test tristructural-isotropic (TRISO)-coated, low-enriched uranium oxycarbide fuel. The AGR-3/4 test was designed primarily to assess fission product transport through various graphite materials. The AGR-3/4 test was inserted in the ATR beginning in 2011 and is currently still in the reactor. Forty-eight (48) TRISO fueled compacts were inserted into twelve separate capsules for the experiment. The purpose of this analysis was to calculate the temperatures of each compact and graphite layer to obtain daily average temperatures and to compare with experimentally measured thermocouple data. Heat rates were input from a detailed physics analysis using the MCNP code for each day during the experiment. Individual heat rates for each non-fuel component were input as well. A steady-state thermal analysis was performed for each daily calculation. A finite element model was created for this analysis using the commercial finite element heat transfer and stress analysis package ABAQUS. The fission and neutron gamma heat rates were calculated with the nuclear physics code MCNP. ATR outer shim control cylinders and neck shim rods along with driver fuel power and fuel depletion were incorporated into the daily physics heat rate calculations. Compact and graphite thermal conductivity were input as a function of temperature and neutron fluence with the field variable option in ABAQUS. Surface-to- surface radiation heat transfer along with conduction heat transfer through the gas mixture of helium-neon (used for temperature control) was used in these models. The kinetic theory of gases was used to correlate the thermal conductivity of the gas mixture. Model results are compared to thermocouple data taken during the experiment. Future thennal analysis models will consider control temperature gas gaps and fuel compact graphite holder gas gaps varying from the original fabrication dimensions as a function of fast neutron fluence. C1 [Hawkes, Grant L.; Sterbentz, James W.; Maki, John T.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hawkes, GL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5629-1 PY 2014 AR V06BT07A054 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3NT UT WOS:000359955500053 ER PT B AU Lim, HC Rudman, K Krishnan, K McDonald, R Peralta, P Dickerson, P Byler, D Stanek, C McClellan, KJ AF Lim, Ham Chyi Rudman, Karin Krishnan, Kapil McDonald, Robert Peralta, Pedro Dickerson, Patricia Byler, Darrin Stanek, Chris McClellan, Kenneth J. GP ASME TI MICROSTRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF URANIUM OXIDE: A 3-D MULTI-PHYSICS SIMULATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 6B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY NETWORKS; FISSION-GAS RELEASE; PERCOLATION; RESISTANCE; DIFFUSION AB Transport mechanisms, such as mass and heat transfer, are critical to the efficiency and the reliability of nuclear fuels such as uranium oxide. These properties can be significantly affected by the microstructure of the material. This paper looks into the effects of grain boundary (GB) Kapitza resistance on the overall heat conductivity of UO2 using a 3-D finite element model with microstructurally explicit information. The model developed is created with a 3-D reconstruction of the microstructure of depleted uranium samples performed using serial sectioning techniques with Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and Electron Backscattering Diffraction (EBSD). The model treats grain bulks, GBs and triple junctions using elements of different dimensionalities, and it is thus capable of incorporating information of all three entities in one model while keeping a manageable computational cost. Furthermore, the properties of these microstructural entities are characterized by misorientation angles and Coincident Site Lattice (CSL) models, which provide a framework to assign spatially dependent thermal and mass transfer properties based on the location and connectivity of these entities in actual microstructures. Coupling between heat transfer and mass transfer of fission products is also taken into account in the study, to make it a multi-physics model capable of following the evolution of thermal performance as fission products are produced. These simulations can provide input and insight into the fuel pellet behaviors at the initial stage of power generation when burnups are low. C1 [Lim, Ham Chyi; Rudman, Karin; Krishnan, Kapil; McDonald, Robert; Peralta, Pedro] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Dickerson, Patricia; Byler, Darrin; Stanek, Chris; McClellan, Kenneth J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Lim, HC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5629-1 PY 2014 AR V06BT07A056 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3NT UT WOS:000359955500055 ER PT B AU Ozaltun, H Allen, RM Han, YS AF Ozaltun, Hakan Allen, Robert M. Han, You Sung GP ASME TI EFFECTS OF THICKNESS OF ZIRCONIUM LINER ON STRESS-STRAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF U10MO MONOLITHIC PLATES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 6B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME DE Monolithic Fuel Plates; U10Mo; Irradiation; Zirconium Liner ID MO ALLOY FUEL AB The effects of the thickness of Zirconium liner on stress-strain behavior of monolithic fuel mini-plates during fabrication and irradiation processes were studied. Monolithic plate-type fuel elements is a new fuel form being developed for research and test reactors to achieve higher uranium densities which allows the use of low-enriched uranium fuel in reactor core. These fuel elements are comprised of a high density, low enrichment, U-Mo alloy based fuel foil encapsulated in a cladding material made of Aluminum. Early RERTR experiments indicated that the presence of an interaction layer between the fuel and cladding materials causes mechanical problems. To minimize the fuel/cladding interaction, employing a diffusion barrier between the cladding and the fuel materials was proposed. Current monolithic plate design employs a 0.025 mm thick, 99.8% pure annealed Zirconium diffusion barrier between the fuel foil (U10Mo) and the cladding materials (AL6061-O). To benchmark the irradiation performance, a number of plates were irradiated in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) with promising irradiation performance. To understand the effects of the thickness of the Zirconium diffusion barrier on the stress-strain behavior of the plates during fabrication, irradiation and shutdown stages, a representative plate from RERTR-12 experiments (Plate L1P7A0) was selected and simulated. Both fabrication and irradiation stages were considered. Simulations were repeated for various Zirconium thicknesses to understand the effects of the thickness of the diffusion barrier. Results of fabrication simulations indicated that Zirconium thickness has noticeable effects on foil's stresses. Irradiation simulations revealed that the fabrication stresses of the foil would be relieved rapidly in the reactor. Results also showed that Zirconium thickness has little or no effects on irradiation and shutdown stresses. C1 [Ozaltun, Hakan] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Allen, Robert M.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Han, You Sung] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ozaltun, H (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Hakan.Ozaltun@inl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5629-1 PY 2014 AR V06BT07A059 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3NT UT WOS:000359955500058 ER PT B AU Shabgard, H Faghri, A Bergman, TL Andraka, CE AF Shabgard, Hamidreza Faghri, Amir Bergman, Theodore L. Andraka, Charles E. GP ASME TI NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF HEAT PIPE-ASSISTED LATENT HEAT THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE UNIT FOR DISH-STIRLING SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 6B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME ID PHASE-CHANGE; NATURAL-CONVECTION; ENHANCEMENT AB A two-dimensional model is developed to simulate the transient response of a heat pipe-assisted latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) unit that is combined with dish-Stirling solar power generation systems. The unit consists of a container which houses a phase change material (PCM) and two sets of interlaced input and output heat pipes (HPs) embedded in the PCM. The LHTES unit is exposed to time-varying concentrated solar irradiance. A three-stage operating scenario is investigated that includes: (i) charging only, (ii) simultaneous charging and discharging, and (iii) discharging only In general, it was found that the PCM damps the temporal variations of the input solar irradiance, and provides relatively smooth thermal power to the engine over a time period that can extend to after-sunset hours. Heat pipe spacing was identified as a key parameter to control the dynamic response of the unit. The system with the greatest (smallest) heat pipe spacing was found to have the greatest (smallest) temperature drops across the LHTES, as well as the maximum (minimum) amount of PCM melting and solidification. Exergy analyses were also performed, and it was found that the exergy efficiencies of all the systems considered were greater than 97%, with the maximum exergy efficiency associated with the system having the minimum heat pipe spacing. C1 [Shabgard, Hamidreza; Faghri, Amir] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Bergman, Theodore L.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Andraka, Charles E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shabgard, H (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5629-1 PY 2014 AR V06BT07A074 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3NT UT WOS:000359955500073 ER PT B AU Woods, LD Gardner, JF Myers, KS AF Woods, L. Damon Gardner, John F. Myers, Kurt S. GP ASME TI SIMULATION OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES WITH VARIABLE PITCH FOILS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 6B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME AB A dynamic computer model of a turbine was developed in MATLAB in order to study the behavior of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) with variable pitch (articulating) foils. The simulation results corroborated the findings of several empirical studies on VAWTs. The model was used to analyze theories of pitch articulation and to inform the discussion on turbine design. Simulations of various models showed that pitch articulation allowed Darrieus-style vertical axis wind turbines to start from rest. Once in motion, the rotor was found to accelerate rapidly to very high rotational velocities. The simulations revealed a plateau region of high efficiency for small-scale Darrieus-style VAWTs with symmetric airfoils at tip speed ratios in the range of 3 to 4 and demonstrated the advantages of using a dynamic generator load. C1 [Woods, L. Damon; Gardner, John F.] Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Myers, Kurt S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Woods, LD (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5629-1 PY 2014 AR V06BT07A089 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3NT UT WOS:000359955500088 ER PT B AU Bamberger, JA Enderlin, CW AF Bamberger, Judith Ann Enderlin, Carl W. GP ASME TI INSTRUMENTATION TO MONITOR TRANSIENT PERIODIC DEVELOPING FLOW IN NON-NEWTONIAN SLURRIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 7B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME AB Staff at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have conducted mixing and mobilization experiments with both transparent and opaque non-Newtonian slurries that poses a yield stress and exhibit Bingham plastic and shear thinning behavior. This paper describes measurement techniques applied to identify the interface between flowing (i.e. mobilized) and stationary regions of non-Newtonian slurries that are subjected to transient, periodic, developing flows. Techniques were identified or developed to determine the mobilized and stagnant regions of a vessel, characteristic mixing times, and characteristic velocities of the flow field and mixing process. Instruments and techniques included electromagnetic (EM) and Doppler velocity probes, camera wells, radio frequency tags, dye tracers, and core sampling. Testing focused on mixing vessels using intermitent jet mixers oriented vertically downward. Descriptions of the instruments and instrument performance are presented. These techniques were an effective approach to characterize mixing phenomena, determine mixing energy required to fully mobilize vessel contents and to determine mixing times for process evaluation. C1 [Bamberger, Judith Ann; Enderlin, Carl W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bamberger, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5632-1 PY 2014 AR V07BT08A066 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD3NW UT WOS:000359960200066 ER PT B AU Edwards, C Lottes, SA Majumdar, P AF Edwards, Chris Lottes, Steven A. Majumdar, Pradip GP ASME TI THREE-DIMENSIONAL MESH MORPHING METHODOLOGY FOR SCOURING AROUND BRIDGE PIERS BASED ON COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC SOLUTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 7B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME AB Flow scour is the engineering term used to describe the erosion of a sediment bed due to fluid flow. Local scour occurs around objects placed in the path of flow, such as bridge piers and abutments. Severe damage or even failure of structures may occur if the amount of scour is too great. Due to the complexity of the fluid/structure interactions and cost of experiments, Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods are under development to predict the shape and depth of a scour hole. This study extends a previous 3-D iterative methodology, with several improvements to the scouring physics models, implemented in the commercial CFD software STAR-CCM+ to predict the scour hole formation around circular bridge piers. These improvements are inclusion of a variable critical shear stress (VCSS) for the initiation of motion of bed sediment, scouring normal to the sediment bed, and a sand slide model. Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and a k-epsilon turbulence model are used to resolve the flow field. The methodology uses a single phase implicit unsteady approach to obtain sediment bed shear stress values. Two moving boundary relations are employed to model the erosion and sand slide physics. One for the erosion rate is based upon an empirical correlation for critical shear stress combined with a sediment entrainment function of Van Rijn, and the other uses the slope of the sediment bed, to iteratively displace the sediment bed in a way that decreases slope as long as it exceeds the angle of repose of the sediment. This is accomplished by a user defined function to move the sediment bed at each time step and the mesh morphing procedure built into STAR-CCM+ to solve fluid-structure interaction problems to stretch the existing mesh to maintain cell quality throughout the flow domain as the bed is displaced. Simulation results have been compared to experimental data found in literature. It was found that simulations over predict the maximum scour depth by up to 35%, but show a large improvement in capturing the overall shape of the scour hole in comparison to models that do not include a sand slide model. C1 [Edwards, Chris; Majumdar, Pradip] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Lottes, Steven A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Edwards, C (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5632-1 PY 2014 AR V07BT08A033 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD3NW UT WOS:000359960200033 ER PT S AU Ziomek-Moroz, M Hawk, JA Collins, W Thodla, R Gui, F AF Ziomek-Moroz, M. Hawk, J. A. Collins, W. Thodla, R. Gui, F. BE Buchheit, RG Virtanen, S TI The Consequence of Stress Intensity on Fatigue Crack Propagation in High-Strength Steels in Sour Environment SO CORROSION (GENERAL) - 225TH ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion General Session held during the 225th Meeting of The Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 11-15, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Corros Div AB The fatigue crack propagation behavior of high-strength carbon steel in 5% NaCl buffered with Na2CO3/CO2 and in contact with 0.83 H2S at 20 degrees C was studied using frequency scans and microscopic surface analyses. The solution pH was 7. A fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) was measured as a function of frequency for stress intensity factors (Delta K) of 315.4 and 153.5 MPa root cm, respectively. The FCGR versus frequency plot showed a linear dependence with a gradient of -0.5 for of 315.4 MPa root cm, whereas at 153.5 MPa root cm linear dependence was not observed. Samples failed catastrophically after the cyclic stress testing in the autoclave for 315.4 and 153.5 MPa root cm. Microscopic investigations of the fracture surface for the higher Delta K revealed the presence of pits, secondary cracks and characteristics suggesting overall brittle fracture. The fractograph after cyclic testing at lower Delta K revealed areas characteristic of ductile fracture near the outer surfaces of the compact tension specimen and indications of brittle fracture in the central region away from the outer surfaces. The frequency scans and the microscopic investigations confirmed different failure mechanisms of the steel for 315.4 and 153.5 MPa root cm. C1 [Ziomek-Moroz, M.; Hawk, J. A.; Collins, W.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. [Thodla, R.; Gui, F.] DNV Columbus, Dublin, OH 43017 USA. RP Ziomek-Moroz, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-568-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 61 IS 20 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1149/06120.0037ecst PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BD3DK UT WOS:000359485300004 ER PT S AU Feng, R Beck, J Lvov, SN Ziomek-Moroz, M AF Feng, R. Beck, J. Lvov, S. N. Ziomek-Moroz, M. BE Buchheit, RG Virtanen, S TI Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on the Corrosion Behavior of High Strength Steel in Alkaline Solutions SO CORROSION (GENERAL) - 225TH ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion General Session held during the 225th Meeting of The Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 11-15, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Corros Div ID SOUR ENVIRONMENT; DRILLING STEEL; STRESS AB In-situ electrochemical corrosion measurements were performed for high-strength low-alloy steels in 5 % wt. NaCl solutions of pH 7.5, 10.6, and 12.3 at 85 degrees C. It was observed that the corrosion typically reached a steady state by 60 hours. The corrosion rate at steady state was slower at higher pH, regardless of H2S concentration. The addition of H2S accelerated the corrosion rates of UD-165 at pH 7.5 and 12.3, but decreased the corrosion rate at pH 10.6. This could have been related to the autocatalytic effect of H2S and the nature of the corrosion product film on the surface. Both the Pourbaix diagrams and the surface analyses suggested that the corrosion products shifted from iron sulfides to iron oxides as the solution pH was increased. C1 [Feng, R.; Beck, J.; Lvov, S. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lvov, S. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ziomek-Moroz, M.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Feng, R (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-568-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 61 IS 20 BP 97 EP 114 DI 10.1149/06120.0097ecst PG 18 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BD3DK UT WOS:000359485300009 ER PT S AU Brady, A Kirshenbaum, K Takeuchi, KJ Marschilok, AC Takeuchi, ES AF Brady, A. Kirshenbaum, K. Takeuchi, K. J. Marschilok, A. C. Takeuchi, E. S. BE Lu, D Cao, R Kalra, V Fenton, JM Weidner, J TI Synchrotron-Enabled Ex-Situ and In-Situ Mechanistic Interrogation of Energy Storage Systems SO MATERIAL AND ELECTRODE DESIGNS FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND CONVERSION SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Material and Electrode Designs for Energy Storage and Conversion held during the 225th meeting of The-Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 11-14, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Energy Technol Div, Battery Div, Ind Electrochemistry & Electrochem Engn, Electrochem Soc ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; INSIGHTS AB A complete picture of the electrochemical processes and reaction fronts within batteries is difficult to form due to the complexities of the reactions and the difficulties of analytical interrogation of those reactions. Ex-situ measurements at various stages of reaction can provide mechanistic insight. However, configurational information is lost in the process. In-situ methods are typically hindered by the cell housing. In these studies we have used the high power NSLS synchrotron to perform in-situ EDXRD. By combining diffraction data with ex-situ methods we are able to create a more complete picture of the ongoing reactions within the cell. C1 [Brady, A.; Marschilok, A. C.; Takeuchi, E. S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Takeuchi, K. J.; Marschilok, A. C.; Takeuchi, E. S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kirshenbaum, K.; Takeuchi, E. S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Global & Reg Solut Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brady, A (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-566-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 61 IS 18 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1149/06118.0001ecst PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BD3DJ UT WOS:000359484600001 ER PT S AU Huie, M Takeuchi, ES Marschilok, AC Takeuchi, KJ AF Huie, Matthew Takeuchi, Esther S. Marschilok, Amy C. Takeuchi, Kenneth J. BE Lu, D Cao, R Kalra, V Fenton, JM Weidner, J TI Synthetic Strategies Impacting Voltage, Capacity, and Current Capability of Energy Storage Materials SO MATERIAL AND ELECTRODE DESIGNS FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND CONVERSION SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Material and Electrode Designs for Energy Storage and Conversion held during the 225th meeting of The-Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 11-14, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Energy Technol Div, Battery Div, Ind Electrochemistry & Electrochem Engn, Electrochem Soc ID CRYSTALLITE SIZE CONTROL; SILVER HOLLANDITE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; MAGNETITE AB Low temperature synthetic strategies for direct control of crystallite size and composition of energy storage materials will be discussed. This ability to synthetically control material properties enabled the systematic exploration of the fundamental properties of the materials, which reveals a dependence of electrochemical reversibility, current capability, and delivered capacity on chemical or physical properties, likely crystallite size. In a more general sense, fundamental studies involving the impact of physical and chemical properties of materials on their electrochemical properties are critical in the rational development of materials, which may address the present and future requirements for stationary and portable power. C1 [Huie, Matthew; Takeuchi, Esther S.; Marschilok, Amy C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. [Takeuchi, Esther S.; Marschilok, Amy C.; Takeuchi, Kenneth J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. [Takeuchi, Esther S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Global & Reg Solut Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Huie, M (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-566-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 61 IS 18 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1149/06118.0015ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BD3DJ UT WOS:000359484600003 ER PT B AU Feng, ZL Wolfe, K Willis, E AF Feng, Zhili Wolfe, Ken Willis, Eric GP ASME TI A Computational Modeling Tool for Welding Repair of Irradiated Materials SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING - 2013, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE21) CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2013 CL Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc DE Helium induced weld cracking; computational modeling; weld simulation; irradiated materials ID STAINLESS-STEELS; HELIUM; WELDABILITY; CRACKING AB Weld repairs performed on irradiated reactor components can be problematic due to the presence of entrapped helium in the reactor internal components that is generated by boron and nickel transmutation under neutron irradiation. Under unfavorable conditions of high heat input, high tensile stress and high helium content, sufficient quantities of entrapped helium can migrate to and accumulate at grain boundaries during a welding operation thus resulting in cracks in the weld. Determining crack-free welding conditions solely based on extensive weldability testing for a given welding repair scenario could be very costly, time consuming, and in some cases infeasible. In this work, a computational model has been developed and sufficiently validated as a cost-effective alternative method for making this determination. This computational model considers the transient temperature profile in the material, the stress history in the material and the helium content. It further includes a methodology for determining the amount of helium that is released under the calculated temperature/stress conditions, a method for calculating the degree to which the helium bubbles grow, and a criterion for determining if the resulting helium bubble distribution will result in cracking as the weld cools. This computational tool is benchmarked with available experimental results on welding of irradiated materials. It is shown that such a model can be a cost-effective tool for determining suitable welding process conditions (heat input and process selection) for repair welding of irradiated materials of reactor internals. C1 [Feng, Zhili] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wolfe, Ken; Willis, Eric] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Feng, ZL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fengz@ornl.gov; kwolfe@epri.com; ewillis@epri.com RI Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012 OI Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5578-2 PY 2014 AR V001T01A038 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3DZ UT WOS:000359508800038 ER PT B AU Grover, SB Petti, DA Davenport, ME AF Grover, S. Blaine Petti, David A. Davenport, Michael E. GP ASME TI STATUS OF THE THIRD NGNP GRAPHITE IRRADIATION AGC-3 IN THE ADVANCED TEST REACTOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING - 2013, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE21) CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2013 CL Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc AB The United States Department of Energy's Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) Program will irradiate up to six nuclear graphite creep experiments in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) located at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The graphite experiments are being irradiated over an approximate eight year period to support development of a graphite irradiation performance data base on the new nuclear grade graphites now available for use in high temperature gas reactors. The goals of the irradiation experiments are to obtain irradiation performance data, including irradiation creep, at different temperatures and loading conditions to support design of the NGNP Very High Temperature Gas Reactor (VHTR), as well as other future gas reactors. The experiments each consist of a single capsule that contain six stacks of graphite specimens, with half of the graphite specimens in each stack under a compressive load, while the other half of the specimens are not be subjected to a compressive load during irradiation. The six stacks have differing compressive loads applied to the top half of diametrically opposite pairs of specimen stacks. A seventh specimen stack in the center of the capsule does not have a compressive load. The specimens are being irradiated in an inert sweep gas atmosphere with on-line temperature and compressive load monitoring and control. There are also samples taken of the sweep gas effluent to measure any oxidation or off-gassing of the specimens that may occur during initial start-up of the experiment. The first experiment, AGC-1, started its irradiation in September 2009, and the irradiation was completed in January 2011. The second experiment, AGC-2, started its irradiation in April 2011 and completed its irradiation in May 2012 [1]. The third experiment, AGC-3, is scheduled to start its irradiation in late November 2012 and complete in the late summer to fall of 2014. This paper will briefly discuss the design of the AGC-3 experiment and control systems, and present the irradiation results to date. C1 [Grover, S. Blaine; Petti, David A.; Davenport, Michael E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Grover, SB (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5578-2 PY 2014 AR V001T02A041 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3DZ UT WOS:000359508800088 ER PT B AU Grover, SB Petti, DA Davenport, ME AF Grover, S. Blaine Petti, David A. Davenport, Michael E. GP ASME TI STATUS OF THE COMBINED THIRD AND FOURTH NGNP FUEL IRRADIATIONS IN THE ADVANCED TEST REACTOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING - 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE21) CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2013 CL Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc AB The United States Department of Energy's Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) Fuel Development and Qualification Program is irradiating up to seven low enriched uranium (LEU) tri-isotopic (TRISO) particle fuel (in compact form) experiments in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) located at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). These irradiations and fuel development are being accomplished to support development of the next generation reactors in the United States. The experiments will be irradiated over the next several years to demonstrate and qualify new TRISO coated particle fuel for use in high temperature gas reactors. The goals of the experiments are to provide irradiation performance data to support fuel process development, to qualify fuel for normal operating conditions, to support development and validation of fuel performance and fission product transport models and codes, and to provide irradiated fuel and materials for post irradiation examination (PIE) and safety testing. The experiments, which will each consist of several independent capsules, will be irradiated in an inert sweep gas atmosphere with individual on-line temperature monitoring and control of each capsule. The sweep gas will also have on-line fission product monitoring on its effluent to track performance of the fuel in each individual capsule during irradiation. The first experiment (designated AGR-1) started irradiation in December 2006 and was completed in November 2009. The second experiment (AGR-2) started irradiation in June 2010 and is currently scheduled to be completed in September 2013. The third and fourth experiments have been combined into a single experiment designated (AGR-3/4), which started its irradiation in December 2011 and is currently scheduled to be completed in April 2014. Since the purpose of this combined experiment is to provide data on fission product migration and retention in the NGNP reactor, the design of this experiment is significantly different from the first two experiments, though the control and monitoring systems are extremely similar. The design of the experiment will be discussed followed by its progress and status to date. C1 [Grover, S. Blaine; Petti, David A.; Davenport, Michael E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Grover, SB (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5579-9 PY 2014 AR V002T05A054 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3EA UT WOS:000359511000113 ER PT B AU Liou, JCP Schultz, RR AF Liou, Jim C. P. Schultz, Richard R. GP ASME TI WAVE PROPAGATION in the HOT DUCT of VHTR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING - 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE21) CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2013 CL Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc AB In VHTR, helium from the reactor vessel is conveyed to a power conversion unit through a hot duct. In a hypothesized Depressurized Conduction Cooldown event where a rupture of the hot duct occurs, pressure waves will be initiated and reverberate in the hot duct. A numerical model is developed to quantify the transients and the helium mass flux through the rupture for such events. The flow path of the helium forms a closed loop but only the hot duct is modeled in this study. The lower plum of the reactor vessel and the steam generator are treated as specified pressure and/or temperature boundary to the hot duct. The model is based on the conservation principles of mass, momentum and energy, and on the equations of state for helium. The numerical solution is based on the method of characteristics with specified time intervals with a predictor and corrector algorithm. The rupture sub-model gives reasonable results. Transients induced by ruptures with break area equaling 20%, 10%, and 5% of the duct cross-sectional area are described. C1 [Liou, Jim C. P.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Schultz, Richard R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Liou, JCP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5579-9 PY 2014 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3EA UT WOS:000359511000130 ER PT B AU McFarland, SA Van Valkenburg, TS Sandquist, GM Tepley, DJ Petru, EF AF McFarland, Shyla A. Van Valkenburg, Taunia S. Sandquist, Gary M. Tepley, Daniel J. Petru, Ernie F. GP ASME TI LESSONS LEARNED FROM AUTOMATION OF NONCONFORMANCE REPORTING (NCR) PROCESS AT LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY (LANL) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING - 2013, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE21) CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2013 CL Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc DE Nonconformance; NCR; QPA; ASME; NQA-1 AB The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Quality Performance and Assurance (QPA) Division was tasked with the opportunity to improve the NCR process and to support ASME NQA-1-2008 and ASME NQA-1A-2009; Quality Assurance Requirements for Nuclear Facility Applications [1] compliance. This process improvement plan involved, input from NCR Coordinators, Engineering, Project Management, Facility Operations, Suspect Counterfeit Item Coordinators, and Waste Certifying Officials, among others. The focus of the project was to fully automate the NCR process through a phased systematic approach that would be useable to a wide audience. During the short and long-term automation process development for nuclear and non-nuclear facility nonconforming items, noteworthy benefits and lessons learned were identified and implemented. C1 [McFarland, Shyla A.; Van Valkenburg, Taunia S.; Tepley, Daniel J.; Petru, Ernie F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Sandquist, Gary M.] Appl Sci Profess LLC, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP McFarland, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5580-5 PY 2014 AR V003T07A008 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3EB UT WOS:000359511400058 ER PT B AU Tung, YH Johnson, RW Ferng, YM Chieng, CC AF Tung, Yu-Hsin Johnson, Richard W. Ferng, Yuh-Ming Chieng, Ching-Chang GP ASME TI EFFECTS OF BYPASS FLOW ON THE LOFA TRANSIENT COMPUTATIONS IN A VHTR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING - 2013, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE21) CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2013 CL Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE REACTOR; HEAT-TRANSFER AB The prismatic gas-cooled very high temperature reactor (VHTR) is one possible option for the generation IV nuclear power plant. The prismatic VHTR basically involves stacks of hexagonal graphite blocks that are drilled to accept cylindrical fuel compacts and provide coolant channels for the helium coolant. Between the hexagonal blocks, there are gaps, which allow the coolant flow to bypass the coolant channels. The gaps are not intentionally designed to occur in the core, but are present because of tolerances in machining the blocks, imperfect installation and expansion and shrinkage from heating and irradiation. Based on previous studies of a loss of flow accident (LOFA), the cooling provided by flow in the bypass gaps has a significant effect on the nature and strength of the attendant natural circulation. One of the mechanisms that occurs after a LOFA for the transport of heat out of the core is by the natural convection of the coolant. It is of interest to know if there are problems for the core associated with the natural circulation and what is the role played by the bypass flow in such an event. The distribution of heat generation and the separation of the partial columns included in the CFD model of the heated core have a strong effect on the natural circulation. In the present paper, a 1/12 symmetric section of the active core is considered for the CFD model. Two regions of the 1/12 section are employed to perform the LOFA transient calculations. Several scenarios are investigated including with and without the bypass gap in the model. The present study also reports the effects of bypass flow on the natural circulation with time for these cases. C1 [Tung, Yu-Hsin; Ferng, Yuh-Ming; Chieng, Ching-Chang] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Johnson, Richard W.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Chieng, Ching-Chang] City Univ Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Tung, YH (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5580-5 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3EB UT WOS:000359511400122 ER PT B AU Lv, QP Chen, MH Sun, XD Christensen, R Blue, T Yoder, G Wilson, D Sabharwall, P AF Lv, Qiuping Chen, Minghui Sun, Xiaodong Christensen, Richard Blue, Thomas Yoder, Graydon Wilson, Dane Sabharwall, Piyush GP ASME TI DESIGN OF FLUIDIC DIODE FOR A HIGH-TEMPERATURE DRACS TEST FACILITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING - 2013, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE21) CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2013 CL Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc ID VORTEX THROTTLES; FLOW; SIMULATION; CHAMBERS; REACTOR AB The Direct Reactor Auxiliary Cooling System (DRACS) is a passive heat removal system proposed for the Advanced High-Temperature Reactor (AHTR) that combines the coated particle fuel and graphite moderator with a liquid fluoride salt as the coolant. The DRACS features three coupled natural circulation/convection loops relying completely on buoyancy as the driving force. A fluidic diode has been proposed in the DRACS primary loop to maintain the passive feature. Fluidic diodes are passive flow control devices with low flow resistance in one direction and high flow resistance in the opposite direction. The fluidic diode is orientated such that during reactor normal operation the primary salt flow in the DRACS is restricted, thus preventing excessive heat loss from the reactor to the DRACS. However, when the DRACS is functioning during reactor accidents, the primary salt flow is in the forward flow direction of the diode that features low flow resistance. To investigate the reliability and thermal performance of the DRACS, a high-temperature DRACS test facility (HTDF) is being designed and constructed at The Ohio State University (OSU). In this HTDF, a conventional vortex diode has been proposed. In this paper, a detailed design process of the vortex diode for the HTDF is presented. Design parameters, such as the desired flow rates in and pressure drops across the fluidic diode, were first determined for both the forward and reverse flow directions, following which was the parametric CFD study of multiple vortex diodes with variant nozzle size, chamber size, and inlet flow rates. Flow structures inside the diode, and the effects of the nozzle size, chamber size, and Reynolds number on the Euler number were examined for both flow directions. Correlations of the forward and reverse Euler numbers and the diodicity were developed and used to develop a vortex diode design that would be applicable to the HTDF. C1 [Lv, Qiuping; Chen, Minghui; Sun, Xiaodong; Christensen, Richard; Blue, Thomas] Ohio State Univ, Nucl Engn Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Yoder, Graydon; Wilson, Dane] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37380 USA. [Sabharwall, Piyush] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Lv, QP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nucl Engn Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lv.11@osu.edu; chen.3370@osu.edu; sun.200@osu.edu; christensen.3@osu.edu; blue.1@osu.edu; yodergljr@oml.gov; wilsondf@oml.gov; Piyush.Sabharwall@inl.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5581-2 PY 2014 AR V004T09A123 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3EC UT WOS:000359512800123 ER PT B AU Jin, H Yu, W Long, F Yu, M Han, QY Zhai, YH AF Jin, Huan Yu, Wu Long, Feng Yu, Min Han, Qiyang Zhai, Yuhu GP ASME TI MECHANICAL PERFORMANCES OF ITER IN-VESSEL COIL'S CONDUCTOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING - 2013, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE21) CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2013 CL Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc DE SSMIC; ELM; VS; mechanical performance AB The design and R&D for ITER In-Vessel Coils (IVCs) is being deployed. The concerned issue of "Edge Localized Modes" (ELMs) and "Vertical Stabilization" (VS) of the ITER plasma can be addressed by the implemented IVCs. The ELM and VS coils will be installed in the vessel just behind the blanket shield modules to reach the requirement of keeping strong coupling with the plasma. The 59mm Stainless Steel Jacketed Mineral Insulated Conductor (SSMIC) using MgO as the insulation is being designed for the IVCs to resist the special challenges, including the nuclear radiation, high temperature, electromagnetic and thermal fatigue. It is necessary to take the mechanical performances of the SSMIC and the feasibility of fabrication techniques into consideration of the R&D program. The mechanical performances of the SSMIC close to the actual work conditions, including the three point bend modulus, three point bend cyclical performance and the cyclical performance with a U-bend sample of the SSMIC prototypes have been investigated and the results are presented in this paper. C1 [Jin, Huan; Yu, Wu; Long, Feng; Yu, Min; Han, Qiyang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. [Zhai, Yuhu] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Jin, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5582-9 PY 2014 AR V005T14A020 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3ED UT WOS:000359513900114 ER PT B AU Abreu-Sepulveda, M Tucker, D Harun, NF Hackett, G Hagen, A AF Abreu-Sepulveda, Maria Tucker, David Harun, Nor Farida Hackett, Gregory Hagen, Anke GP ASME TI ACCELERATED DEGRADATION FOR HARDWARE IN THE LOOP SIMULATION OF FUEL CELL-GAS TURBINE HYBRID SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 12TH FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2014 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th American-Society-Mechanical-Engineering Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Boston, MA ID CURRENT LOAD; CATHODE; SOFC; TEMPERATURE; IMPEDANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a promising technology for clean power generation, however their implementation has been limited by several degradation mechanisms, which significantly reduce its lifetime under constant output power and inhibits the technology for commercialization in the near future. With the purpose of harnessing the capabilities offered by SOFCs, the U.S. DOE-National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in Morgantown, WV has developed the Hybrid Performance (HyPer) project in which a SOFC 1D, real-time operating model is coupled to a gas turbine hardware system by utilizing hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HiLS). More recently, in order to assess the long-term stability of the SOFC part of the system, electrochemical degradation due to operating conditions such as current density and fuel utilization have been incorporated into the SOFC model and successfully recreated in real time for standalone and hybrid operation. The mathematical expression for degradation rate was obtained through the analysis of empirical voltage versus time plots for different current densities and fuel utilizations at 750, 800, and 850 degrees C. Simulation results well reflected the behavior of SOFC degradation rates from which the long-term stability of the cell under various conditions was assessed. Distributed fuel cell parameters are presented for both standalone and hybrid configurations. The incorporation of the electrochemical degradation rate into the SOFC model provides a framework to study more realistically Fuel Cell-hybrid systems and set forth a mechanism to improve the long-term stability of SOFCs through the hybridization of such technology. C1 [Abreu-Sepulveda, Maria; Tucker, David] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. [Harun, Nor Farida] McMaster Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. [Hackett, Gregory] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Solid State Energy Convers Alliance, Morgantown, WV USA. [Hagen, Anke] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Energy Convers, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Abreu-Sepulveda, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4588-2 PY 2014 AR V001T02A007 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD3BT UT WOS:000359449100009 ER PT B AU Colella, WG James, BD Moton, JM Ramsden, TG Saur, G AF Colella, Whitney G. James, Brian D. Moton, Jennie M. Ramsden, Todd G. Saur, Genevieve GP ASME TI NEXT GENERATION HYDROGEN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS USING PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE ELECTROLYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 12TH FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2014 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th American-Society-Mechanical-Engineering Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Boston, MA AB This article details analysis of hydrogen (H-2) production based on polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis. This work identifies primary constraints to the success of this production pathway, primary cost drivers, and remaining Research and Development (R&D) challenges. This research assesses the potential to meet U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) H-2 electrolyzer production and delivery (P&D) cost goals of $2 to $4/gasoline gallon equivalent (dispensed, untaxed) by 2020. Pathway analysis is performed using the DOE's main H2A modeling tool, namely, the H2A Production model, which encapsulates the standard methods of energy, emissions, and cost analysis developed by DOE's H-2 and fuel cell technology teams. PEM electrolysis production pathways are analyzed for a distributed, forecourt H-2 production system of 1,500 kilograms (kg) of H-2 per day, and for a central, large, plant size H-2 production system of 50,000 kg H-2/day, for both current and future cases. The analysis is based in part on data from a technical and economic survey completed by four different PEM electrolyzer companies. Model results indicate that, for PEM electrolysis, the primary cost drivers are the electricity expenditures to run the electrolyzer and the capital cost of the electrolyzer. In the future within the electrolyzer system, the balance of plant is expected to be a greater source of cost than the electrolyzer stack due to stack reductions facilitated by operation at higher current densities whereas the balance of plant remains similarly sized for the given flow. This balance between size and cost of the stack versus balance of plant could also increase difficulties in meeting efficiency improvements in the future. The H-2 cost reduction is estimated to be greater moving from a Current case to a Future case, compared with moving from a Forecourt case to a Central case. C1 [Colella, Whitney G.; James, Brian D.; Moton, Jennie M.] Strateg Anal, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Ramsden, Todd G.; Saur, Genevieve] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Colella, WG (reprint author), Strateg Anal, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4588-2 PY 2014 AR V001T04A007 PG 20 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD3BT UT WOS:000359449100025 ER PT B AU Harun, NF Tucker, D Adams, TA AF Harun, Nor Farida Tucker, David Adams, Thomas A., II GP ASME TI FUEL COMPOSITION TRANSIENTS IN FUEL CELL TURBINE HYBRID FOR POLYGENERATION APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 12TH FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2014 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th American-Society-Mechanical-Engineering Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Boston, MA ID DESIGN; SYSTEM; POWER AB Transient impacts on the performance of solid oxide fuel cell / gas turbine (SOFC/GT) hybrid systems were investigated using hardware-in-the-loop simulations (HiLS) at a test facility located at the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory. The work focused on applications relevant to polygeneration systems which require significant fuel flexibility. Specifically, the dynamic response of implementing a sudden change in fuel composition from syngas to methane was examined. The maximum range of possible fuel composition allowable within the constraints of carbon deposition in the SOFC and stalling/surging of the turbine compressor system was determined. It was demonstrated that the transient response was significantly impact the fuel cell dynamic performance, which mainly drives the entire transient in SOFC/GT hybrid systems. This resulted in severe limitations on the allowable methane concentrations that could be used in the final fuel composition when switching from syngas to methane. Several system performance parameters were analyzed to characterize the transient impact over the course of two hours from the composition change. C1 [Harun, Nor Farida; Adams, Thomas A., II] McMaster Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. [Tucker, David] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Harun, NF (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4588-2 PY 2014 AR V001T04A003 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD3BT UT WOS:000359449100021 ER PT B AU Pezzini, P Celestin, S Tucker, D AF Pezzini, Paolo Celestin, Sue Tucker, David GP ASME TI Control Impacts of Cold-air bypass on Pressurized Fuel Cell Turbine Hybrids SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 12TH FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2014 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th American-Society-Mechanical-Engineering Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Boston, MA AB A pressure drop analysis for a direct-fired fuel cell turbine hybrid power system was evaluated using a hardware-based simulation of an integrated gasifier/fuel cell/turbine hybrid cycle (IGFC), implemented through the Hybrid Performance (Hyper) project at the National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy (NETL). The Hyper facility is designed to explore dynamic operation of hybrid systems and quantitatively characterize such transient behavior. It is possible to model, test and evaluate the effects of different parameters on the design and operation of a gasifier/fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid system and provide means of evaluating risk mitigation strategies. The cold air bypass in the Hyper facility directs compressor discharge flow to the turbine inlet duct, bypassing the fuel cell and exhaust gas recuperators in the system. This valve reduces turbine inlet temperature while reducing cathode airflow, but significantly improves compressor surge margin. Regardless of the reduced turbine inlet temperature as the valve opens, a peak in turbine efficiency is observed during characterization of the valve at the middle of the operating range. A detailed experimental analysis shows the unusual behavior during steady state and transient operation, which is considered a key point for future control strategies in terms of turbine efficiency optimization and cathode airflow control. C1 [Pezzini, Paolo] Univ Genoa, Thermochem Power Grp, DIME, Genoa, Italy. [Celestin, Sue] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Tucker, David] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Dept Energy, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Pezzini, P (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Thermochem Power Grp, DIME, Genoa, Italy. EM paolo.pezzini@unige.it; sscelestin@hotmail.com; david.tucker@netl.doe.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4588-2 PY 2014 AR V001T02A008 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD3BT UT WOS:000359449100010 ER PT B AU Tsai, A Tucker, D Emami, T AF Tsai, Alex Tucker, David Emami, Tooran GP ASME TI Adaptive Control of a Nonlinear Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Balance of Plant Simulation Facility SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 12TH FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2014 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th American-Society-Mechanical-Engineering Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Boston, MA AB A 300kW Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine (SOFC-GT) power plant simulator is evaluated with the use of a Model Reference Adaptive Control scheme, implemented for a set of nonlinear empirical Transfer Functions. The SOFC-GT simulator allows testing of various fuel cell models under a Hardware-in-the-Loop configuration that incorporates a 120kW Auxiliary Power Unit, and Balance-of-Plant components in hardware, and a fuel cell model in software. The adaptation technique is beneficial to plants having a wide range of operation, and strong coupling interaction. The practical implementation of the adaptive methodology is presented through simulation in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. C1 [Tsai, Alex; Emami, Tooran] US Coast Guard Acad, New London, CT 06320 USA. [Tucker, David] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Tsai, A (reprint author), US Coast Guard Acad, New London, CT 06320 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4588-2 PY 2014 AR V001T02A010 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD3BT UT WOS:000359449100012 ER PT B AU Tucker, D Harun, NF Abreu-Sepulveda, M AF Tucker, David Harun, Nor Farida Abreu-Sepulveda, Maria GP ASME TI SOFC LIFETIME ASSESSMENT IN GAS TURBINE HYBRID POWER SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 12TH FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2014 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th American-Society-Mechanical-Engineering Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Boston, MA ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; DEGRADATION AB The adoption of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology in power generation has been limited, in no small part, by material degradation issues affecting the stack lifetime, and hence, the economic viability. A numeric study was conducted to determine if the life of an SOFC could be extended when integrated with a recuperated gas turbine system. Dynamic modeling tools developed at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) for real-time applications were applied to evaluate, life to failure for both a standalone SOFC and a hybrid SOFC gas turbine. These models were modified using empirical relations to experimental degradation data to incorporate degradation as a function of current density and fuel utilization. For the control strategy of shifting power to the turbine as fuel cell voltage degrades, the SOFC life could be extended dramatically, significantly impacting the economic potential of the technology. C1 [Tucker, David; Abreu-Sepulveda, Maria] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Harun, Nor Farida] McMaster Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. RP Tucker, D (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4588-2 PY 2014 AR UNSP V001T03A003 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD3BT UT WOS:000359449100017 ER PT B AU Zhou, N Yang, C Tucker, D AF Zhou, Nana Yang, Chen Tucker, David GP ASME TI EVALUATION OF CATHODE AIR FLOW TRANSIENTS IN A SOFC/GT HYBRID SYSTEM USING HARDWARE IN THE LOOP SIMULATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 12TH FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2014 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th American-Society-Mechanical-Engineering Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Boston, MA ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; THERMAL MANAGEMENT; POWER AB Thermal management in the fuel cell component of a direct fired solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine (SOFC/GT) hybrid power system, especially during an imposed load transient, can be improved by effective management and control of the cathode air mass flow. The response of gas turbine hardware system and the fuel cell stack to the cathode air mass flow transient was evaluated using a hardware-based simulation facility designed and built by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). The disturbances of the cathode air mass flow were accomplished by diverting air around the fuel cell system through the manipulation of a hot-air bypass valve in open loop experiments. The dynamic responses of the SOFC/GT hybrid system were studied in this paper. The evaluation included distributed temperatures, current densities, heat generation and losses along the fuel cell over the course of the transient along with localized temperature gradients. The reduction of cathode air mass flow resulted in a sharp decrease and partial recovery of the thermal effluent from the fuel cell system in the first 10 seconds. In contrast, the turbine rotational speed did not exhibit a similar trend. The collection of distributed fuel cell and turbine trends obtained will be used in the development of controls to mitigate failure and extend life during operational transients. C1 [Zhou, Nana; Yang, Chen] Chongqing Univ, Coll Power Engn, Chongqing 630044, Peoples R China. [Tucker, David] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Zhou, N (reprint author), Chongqing Univ, Coll Power Engn, Chongqing 630044, Peoples R China. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4588-2 PY 2014 AR V001T04A004 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD3BT UT WOS:000359449100022 ER PT B AU Afrin, S Ortega, JD Kumar, V Bharathan, D AF Afrin, Samia Ortega, Jesus D. Kumar, Vinod Bharathan, Desikan GP ASME TI A COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS: A HONEYCOMB FLOW DISTRIBUTOR WITH POROUS APPROXIMATION FOR A THERMOCLINE THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div DE Thermal energy storage (TES); Concentrated solar power; Thermocline; Velocity deviation; Thermal diffusivity; Porosity AB Conversion of direct solar energy, in particular the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies, has a significant role on conventional energy cost and efficiency. A single tank thermocline Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system is accountable for the overall efficiency of this conversion system. A single tank TES system has a thermocline region that produces the temperature gradient between hot and cold storage fluid by density difference. The overall energy storage capacity depends on sustaining of this region at uniform manner. This paper analyzes how the difference in the percentage of porous medium influences the effectiveness of the flow-distribution and hence, the overall performance of the TES system. The effectiveness is assessed by the optimal flow distribution. The optimal distribution is obtained by examining the velocity profile at any horizontal plane. This plane should be uniform for sustaining the thermocline region during the operation period. To achieve a uniform velocity distribution, two symmetric perforated plate flow distributors were placed in the tank. The distributors were positioned near the inlet and outlet, and checked the performance by varying the percentage of porous medium since the distribution is influenced by the porosity. Porous distributors with hexagonal shape pore were considered and Hitec (R) molten salt was used as a heat transfer fluid. These respective percentages of porosity affect the flow distribution throughout the tank during the flow distribution. The standard deviations of the velocity field at different positions along z-plane and thermal diffusivity were analyzed. The analyses of our cases were done to distinguish a configuration for the minimum thermal diffusivity and velocity A finite volume based computational fluid dynamics software was used to execute the computational analysis. C1 [Afrin, Samia] Univ Texas El Paso, Energy Sci & Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Ortega, Jesus D.; Kumar, Vinod] Univ Texas El Paso, Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Bharathan, Desikan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Afrin, S (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Energy Sci & Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM vkumar@utep.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T03A013 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100032 ER PT B AU Allen, KM Coker, EN AuYeung, N Klausner, JF Mishra, R AF Allen, Kyle M. Coker, Eric N. AuYeung, Nick Klausner, James F. Mishra, Rishi GP ASME TI SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF COBALT FERRITE IN YSZ FOR USE AS REACTIVE MATERIAL IN SOLAR THERMOCHEMICAL WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE SPLITTING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; BED REACTOR; GENERATION; TRANSPORT AB This paper reports the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of different weight loadings of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) in 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) via the co-precipitation method. Prepared powders were calcined at 1350 degrees C for 36 hours and 1450 degrees C for 4 hours in air. These powders were then formed into a porous structure using sacrificial pore formation via oxidation of co-mixed graphite powder. These formed structures obtained were then characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis was performed on the most promising of the structures before being subjected to 50 thermal reduction-CO2 oxidation (redox) cycles using TGA. Together, these results indicate that CoFe2O4-8YSZ can provide a lower reduction temperature, maintain syngas production performance from cycle to cycle, and enhance utilization of the reactive material within the inert support in comparison to iron oxide only structures. C1 [Allen, Kyle M.; AuYeung, Nick; Klausner, James F.; Mishra, Rishi] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Coker, Eric N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Allen, KM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T10A005 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100071 ER PT B AU Christian, J Moya, A Ho, C Andraka, C Yuan, J AF Christian, Joshua Moya, Adam Ho, Clifford Andraka, Charles Yuan, James GP ASME TI PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS TO QUANTIFY OPTICAL PERFORMANCE AND ERROR BUDGETS FOR NEXT GENERATION HELIOSTATS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Current heliostats cost similar to$200/m(2) of reflective area and are estimated to contribute up to 50% of the total solar power tower plant costs. A drastic overall cost reduction is required in order for concentrated solar thermal power to be economically viable. The Department of Energy has set forth the Sun Shot initiative targeting a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.06/kWh by the year 2020. The cost of each heliostat must be brought down to an estimated $75/m(2) to achieve this rigorous goal. One of the driving aspects of heliostat design and cost are the heliostat optical errors. At the moment, it is relatively unclear about the amount of error that can be present in the system while still maintaining low cost and high optical accuracy. The optical errors present on heliostat mirror surfaces directly influence the plant LCOE by causing beam spillage. This can result in an increase in the number of heliostats, an increased receiver size, and decreased thermal efficiency. Assuming a fixed heliostat cost of $75/m2, the effects of optical errors on LCOE are evaluated within the software DELSOL. From a probabilistic analysis, beam quality errors (i.e. slope error, alignment errors, etc.) are shown to have more importance on the LCOE than tracking errors. This determination results in a realization that the tracking errors and beam quality errors can be combined into a "bundled" root-sum-square (RSS) error value. A "bundled" error value of 2 mrad results in an LCOE of $0.06/kWh. This "bundled" value is the basis for a new optical error budget and is decomposed into five individual errors. These five errors can be used as design specifications for new generation heliostats. C1 [Christian, Joshua] Sandia Staffing Alliance, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Moya, Adam; Ho, Clifford; Andraka, Charles; Yuan, James] Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Christian, J (reprint author), Sandia Staffing Alliance, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T03A008 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100027 ER PT B AU Gardner, J Heglund, K Van Den Wymelenberg, K Rieger, C AF Gardner, John Heglund, Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg, Kevin Rieger, Craig GP ASME TI UNDERSTANDING FLOW OF ENERGY IN BUILDINGS USING MODAL ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS; SIMULATION; STORAGE AB It is widely understood that energy storage is the key to integrating variable generators into the grid. It has been proposed that the thermal mass of buildings could be used as a distributed energy storage solution and several researchers are making headway in this problem. However, the inability to easily determine the magnitude of the building's effective thermal mass, and how the heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system exchanges thermal energy with it, is a significant challenge to designing systems which utilize this storage mechanism. In this paper we adapt modal analysis methods used in mechanical structures to identify the primary modes of energy transfer among thermal masses in a building. The paper describes the technique using data from an idealized building model. The approach is successfully applied to actual temperature data from a commercial building in downtown Boise, Idaho. C1 [Gardner, John; Heglund, Kevin] Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Van Den Wymelenberg, Kevin] Univ Idaho, Boise, ID USA. [Rieger, Craig] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Gardner, J (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T09A005 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100066 ER PT B AU Gill, D Farley, BJ AF Gill, David Farley, Bryan J. GP ASME TI IMPROVING A VALVE PACKING MODEL TO INCREASE PACKING LIFETIME IN MOLTEN SALT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Valves used in molten salt thermal energy storage systems often utilize conventional packing methodology and materials. These packing materials often exhibit relatively short lifetimes because of the reactive interaction of the salt and packing. Past research has indicated that valve packing lifetime is affected by both stress and temperature in the packing. Because of this interaction, it is important to understand the stress in the packing and to find ways to reduce the packing stress. A finite element model of a valve stem/packing system was created and material properties of the packing were determined and validated against previous work. The model was then used to evaluate the stress induced in the packing system through linear axial motion and then extended to include rotational stem motion as well. The analysis confirmed previous results that axial translation created a significant amount of stress in the valve packing. The newly included rotational motion of the valve stem was found to affect the packing stress only minimally. This result suggests that development of better rotary valves would be very useful for utilization in molten salt service, especially as the temperature of the salts are increased in an effort to achieve higher power cycle efficiencies. C1 [Gill, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Farley, Bryan J.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Gill, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T03A016 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100035 ER PT B AU Ho, CK Christian, JM AF Ho, Clifford K. Christian, Joshua M. GP ASME TI EVALUATION OF AIR RECIRCULATION FOR FALLING PARTICLE RECEIVERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB This paper presents simulations and designs of a prototype falling particle solar receiver with air recirculation as a means of mitigating heat loss and impacts of external wind on particle flow. The flow and dispersion of different sizes of ceramic proppant (CARBO HSP) particles (1 mm, 100 mu m, and 10 mu m) were simulated in recirculating air flows without heating effects. Particles on the order of 0.1 - 1 mm yielded desirable simulated flow patterns when falling through the cavity receiver with an air-injection velocity of 3 m/s. Simulations of smaller particles on the order of 10 microns yielded unstable flow patterns that may lead to large losses of particles through the aperture. A prototype cavity receiver with air recirculation was designed and fabricated to validate the unheated simulations. The blower nozzles and suction plenum were engineered to yield the most uniform flow pattern along the entire width of the aperture. Observed and simulated air velocity distributions around the aperture and particle flow patterns using CARBO HSP particles with an average diameter of similar to 0.7 mm were found to be qualitatively similar. C1 [Ho, Clifford K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Christian, Joshua M.] Sandia Staffing Alliance, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1127, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T11A008 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100080 ER PT B AU Kruizenga, A Gill, D LaFord, M AF Kruizenga, Alan Gill, David LaFord, Marianne GP ASME TI CORROSION OF AUSTENITIC ALLOYS IN BINARY 60/40 NITRATE SALT AT 600 degrees C SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID NANO3-KNO3 AB Industrial power utilities are using molten binary nitrate salt as a heat transfer fluid and thermal storage media for solar energy generation. Currently, the maximum bulk temperature is 565 degrees C, due to concerns of salt degradation and materials compatibility with containment vessels. To increase overall cycle efficiency, one must increase the upper temperature of the nitrate salt, thereby lowering the levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) through higher power cycle efficiency. The corrosion performance of 316 stainless steel and Inconel 625 is currently characterized at 600 degrees C. However, the 316SS has exhibited stress corrosion cracking (thought due to aqueous flush in Solar Two [1]), and while In625 performs well, its cost is prohibitive. Therefore, current research seeks to evaluate heat-resistant austenitic alloys for use with nitrate salts, ascertaining if they have superior performance characteristics, as well as assessing their mechanisms of corrosion. Sandia National Laboratory is researching four alloys (S35140, ATI332Mo, RA330, and HA556) for corrosion performance at 600 degrees C for 3000 hours, under a cover gas of air. Air is used to simulate the chemistry conditions expected in a power plant. This work details the corrosion rate and the oxide structure for each alloy. Research indicates all alloys are very corrosionresistant, with metal loss rates projected to be less than 21 mu m/year after 3000 hours. Though all alloys performed well, corrosion rate data for RA330 (Fe-19Cr-35Ni + minor elements) currently appears to exhibit a linear loss mechanism. In conclusion, this paper will explore the differences in oxide formation between these similar alloys. C1 [Kruizenga, Alan; LaFord, Marianne] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gill, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kruizenga, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T03A002 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100021 ER PT B AU Paul, TC Morshed, AKMM Fox, EB Visser, AE Bridges, NJ Khan, JA AF Paul, Titan C. Morshed, A. K. M. M. Fox, Elise B. Visser, Ann E. Bridges, Nicholas J. Khan, Jamil A. GP ASME TI Enhanced Thermal Performance of Ionic Liquid-Al2O3 Nanofluid as Heat Transfer Fluid for Solar Collector SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div DE Ionic Liquid; Nanoparticle Enhanced Ionic Liquids (NEILs); Thermal Conductivity; Heat Capacity; Heat Transfer Coefficient ID CONDUCTIVITY; LIQUIDS; STABILITY AB Next generation Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) system requires high operating temperature and high heat storage capacity heat transfer fluid (HTF), which can significantly increase the overall system efficiency for power generation. In the last decade several research going on the efficacy of ionic liquids (ILs) as a HTF in CSP system. ILs possesses superior thermophysical properties compare to currently using HTF such as Therminol VP-1 (mixture of biphenyl and diphenyl oxide) and thermal oil. However, advanced thermophysical properties of ILs can be achieved by dispersing small volume percentage of nanoparticles forming nanofluids, which is called Nanoparticle Enhanced Ionic Liquids (NEILs). In the present study NEILs were prepared by dispersing 0.5% Al2O3 nanoparticles (spherical and whiskers) in N-butyl-N,N,N-trimetylammonium bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imide ([N-4111]][NTf2]) IL. Viscosity, heat capacity and thermal conductivity of NEILs were measured experimentally and compared with the existing theoretical models for liquid solid suspensions. Additional, the convective heat transfer experiment was performed to investigate thermal performance. The thermal conductivity of NEILs enhanced by similar to 5%, heat capacity enhanced by similar to 20% compared to the base IL, which also gives 15% enhancement in heat transfer performance. C1 [Paul, Titan C.; Morshed, A. K. M. M.; Khan, Jamil A.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Fox, Elise B.; Visser, Ann E.; Bridges, Nicholas J.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Paul, TC (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T05A002 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100047 ER PT B AU Qian, SX Gluesenkamp, K Hwang, YH Radermacher, R AF Qian, Suxin Gluesenkamp, Kyle Hwang, Yunho Radermacher, Reinhard GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF A RESIDENTIAL COMBINED COOLING, HEATING AND POWER SYSTEM UNDER VARYING BUILDING LOAD SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Trigeneration systems are closely associated with sorption cooling technology because prime mover waste heat can be recovered to produce cooling. The working pair and cycle type of the sorption cooling system needs to be matched to the waste heat temperature of the prime mover, as well as with the capacity and application of the trigeneration system. A residential trigeneration system with a 4 kW(elec) internal combustion engine, a 220 gallon (830 L) hot water tank and a 3 kW adsorption chiller powered by 70 degrees C waste heat with separate sensible and latent cooling control strategy is presented in this study. Transient experiments were conducted under 5 day long hot water and space cooling load profiles from a simulated house to evaluate the performance from a practical perspective. The fuel consumption was measured and compared with that of two baseline systems. An analytical criterion was derived and discussed to further evaluate the trigeneration system with different loads under different climates. It was found that the presented residential trigeneration system could save about 30% of fuel consumption compared with conventional off-grid operation mode, but is not more fuel efficient than the conventional on-grid and vapor compression cooling combination. C1 [Qian, Suxin; Hwang, Yunho; Radermacher, Reinhard] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, CEEE, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gluesenkamp, Kyle] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Equipment Res, ETSD Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Gluesenkamp, Kyle] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Qian, SX (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, CEEE, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T14A001 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100096 ER PT B AU Yellowhair, J Andraka, CE AF Yellowhair, Julius Andraka, Charles E. GP ASME TI A COST/PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ADVANCED LOW-COST HELIOSTAT REFLECTIVE FACETS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Heliostat reflective facets have traditionally been constructed with glass/silver and a metal back support. During the past year, Sandia National Laboratories evaluated low-cost materials and alternative manufacturing methods to construct facets with the goal of reducing current facet cost by at least 25% while maintaining surface slope errors at 1 milli-radians rms or below. Several companies developed prototype facet samples, which were optically evaluated at Sandia and compared to baseline facet samples using a proposed cost-to-performance metric. A cost-performance metric for comparing facets was developed by modeling and optimizing a 200 MWe power tower plant scenario in DELSOL, a computer code for system-level modeling of power tower systems. We varied the slope error on the facets and adjusted the cost on the facets to maintain the constant plant levelized cost of energy. The result of these models provides a chart of the facet optical performance and the allowable facet cost for a constant plant LCOE. The size of the prototype facet samples ranged from 1.4 to 3 m(2). The measured optical slope errors were between 1 and 2 milli-radians rms when compared to a flat mirror design shape. Despite slope errors greater than 1 mrad rms, some of the prototype samples met the cost goals for this project using the cost-performance metric. Next steps are to work with the companies to improve the manufacturing processes and further reduce the cost and improve on the optical performance to reach DOE SunShot goal of $75/m(2) for heliostats. C1 [Yellowhair, Julius; Andraka, Charles E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yellowhair, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T03A014 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100033 ER PT B AU Yuan, JK Christian, JM Ho, CK AF Yuan, James K. Christian, Joshua M. Ho, Clifford K. GP ASME TI COMPENSATION OF GRAVITY INDUCED HELIOSTAT DEFLECTIONS FOR IMPROVED OPTICAL PERFORMANCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Heliostat optical performance can be affected by both wind- and gravity-induced deflections in the mirror support structure. These effects can result in decreased energy collection efficiency, depending on the magnitude of structural deflections, heliostat orientation and field position, and sun position. This paper presents a coupled modeling approach to evaluate the effects of gravity loading on heliostat optical performance, considering two heliostat designs: The National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) heliostat and the Advanced Thermal Systems (ATS) heliostat. Deflections under gravitational loading were determined using finite element analysis (FEA) in ANSYS Mechanical, and the resulting deformed heliostat geometries were analyzed using Breault APEX optical engineering software to evaluate changes in beam size and shape. Optical results were compared against images of actual beams produced by each respective heliostat, measured using the Beam Characterization System (BCS) at Sandia National Laboratories. Simulated structural deflections in both heliostats were found to have visible impacts on beam shape, with small but quantifiable changes in beam power distribution. In this paper, the combined PEA and optical analysis method is described and validated, as well as a method for modeling heliostats subjected to gravitational deflection but canted in-field, for which mirror positions may not be known rigorously. Furthermore, a modified, generalized construction method is proposed and analyzed for the ATS heliostat, which was found to give consistent improvements in beam shape and up to a 4.1% increase in Annual Incident Power Weighted Intercept (AIPWI). C1 [Yuan, James K.; Ho, Clifford K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Christian, Joshua M.] Sandia Staffing Alliance, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Yuan, JK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T03A009 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100028 ER PT B AU Zhang, J Hodge, BM Florita, A AF Zhang, Jie Hodge, Bri-Mathias Florita, Anthony GP ASME TI INVESTIGATING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN WIND AND SOLAR POWER FORECAST ERRORS IN THE WESTERN INTERCONNECTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div DE Grid integration; correlation; solar forecasting; western interconnection; wind forecasting; forecasting error distribution ID KERNEL DENSITY-ESTIMATION; PROBABILITY DENSITY; RADIATION; MULTIVARIATE; SELECTION AB Wind and solar power generation differ from conventional energy generation because of the variable and uncertain nature of their power output. This variability and uncertainty can have significant impacts on grid operations. Thus, short-term forecasting of wind and solar power generation is uniquely helpful for balancing supply and demand in an electric power system. This paper investigates the correlation between wind and solar power forecast errors. The forecast and the actual data were obtained from the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study. Both the day-ahead and 4-hour-ahead forecast errors for the Western Interconnection of the United States were analyzed. A joint distribution of wind and solar power forecast errors was estimated using a kernel density estimation method; the Pearson's correlation coefficient between wind and solar forecast errors was also evaluated. The results showed that wind and solar power forecast errors were weakly correlated. The absolute Pearson 's correlation coefficient between wind and solar power forecast errors increased with the size of the analyzed region. The study is also useful for assessing the ability of balancing areas to integrate wind and solar power generation. C1 [Zhang, Jie; Hodge, Bri-Mathias; Florita, Anthony] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Transmiss & Grid Integrat Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Transmiss & Grid Integrat Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Jie.Zhang@nrel.gov; Bri.Mathias.Hodge@nrel.gov; Anthony.Florita@nrel.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T16A003 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100112 ER PT B AU Zhu, GD Wendelin, T Wagner, M Kutscher, C AF Zhu, Guangdong Wendelin, Tim Wagner, Mike Kutscher, Chuck GP ASME TI PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND OUTLOOK OF UTILITY-SCALE LINEAR FRESNEL TECHNOLOGY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB As one of the viable concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies, linear Fresnel collectors differ from parabolic troughs by virtue of their low-profile mirror arrays and fixed receiver assemblies. This technology is capable of achieving high concentration ratios and so is applicable to high-temperature solar power plant designs. In addition, its low wind profile and linear nature lead to low system and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs. In this report two linear Fresnel solar plant configurations, namely a direct steam generation (DSG) system and a direct high-temperature molten-salt plant, are examined via a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) analysis. By treating LCOE as a function of the annual investment energy return (IER, or the ratio of annual net electricity to the total direct system cost) under various assumptions of O&M cost, a few plant scenarios employing high-temperature linear Fresnel technology are carefully configured to meet the aggressive LCOE goals of 8 cents/kWh and 6 cents/kWh. The latter is the Depaitinent of Energy (DOE) Sun Shot Initiative goal aimed at making CSP cost competitive in the current energy market. In particular, a linear Fresnel scenario with the potential to meet the Sun Shot goal is featured with a collector cost of $100/m(2), an annual system energy efficiency of 18%, a storage system cost of $15/kWh-th, and an O&M cost of $7.5/MWh. One of the most aggressive assumptions is an advanced power block with about 52% cycle efficiency and a turbine inlet temperature of 700 degrees C. This work addresses unanswered questions regarding linear Fresnel cost and performance and identifies future research and development directions for linear Fresnel technology, including economic optimization of collectors and receivers, development of physical plant performance models, development of automated O&M mechanisms and sophisticated plant control software. C1 [Zhu, Guangdong; Wendelin, Tim; Wagner, Mike; Kutscher, Chuck] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhu, GD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Guangdong.Zhu@nrel.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T11A001 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100073 ER PT B AU Conder, TE Budwig, RS Skifton, RS AF Conder, Thomas E. Budwig, Ralph S. Skifton, Richard S. GP ASME TI PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY MEASUREMENTS IN A REPRESENTATIVE GAS-COOLED PRISMATIC REACTOR CORE MODEL: DISTRIBUTION OF FLOW FROM THE UPPER PLENUM TO THE FUEL BLOCK ARRANGEMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2013, VOL 1A: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Incline Village, NV SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE REACTOR AB An experiment was conducted at Idaho National Laboratory to investigate the bypass flow associated with a Gas Turbine-Modular Helium Reactor in direct support of Computational Fluid Dynamic validation [1]. Velocity fields within a representative quartz model, consisting of an upper plenum, upper block, and lower block, were measured using Particle Image Velocimetry; after which, flow rates were calculated in each section. The present study was carried out to determine flow distribution from the upper plenum to the fuel block assembly. It was found that the flow rates in the lower six coolant channels varied from their average only by 2.4, 4.6, and 2.5% for the low, medium, and high flow cases, respectively. Consequently, it was concluded that the non-uniform inlet velocity condition in the upper plenum had insignificant effect on flow distribution to the coolant channels and interstitial gap. C1 [Conder, Thomas E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Budwig, Ralph S.] Univ Idaho, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Skifton, Richard S.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Conder, TE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5554-6 PY 2014 AR V01AT03A001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BD2PE UT WOS:000359029100016 ER PT B AU Lance, BW Harris, JR Iverson, JM Spall, RE Johnson, RW Smith, BL AF Lance, Blake W. Harris, Jeff R. Iverson, Jared M. Spall, Robert E. Johnson, Richard W. Smith, Barton L. GP ASME TI VALIDATION STUDY ON FORCED AND MIXED CONVECTION IN THE ROTATABLE BUOYANCY TUNNEL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2013, VOL 1A: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Incline Village, NV SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID FLOW; PLATES AB The Rotatable Buoyancy Tunnel (RoBuT) at Utah State University, built for validation measurements incorporating a high level of data completeness, is described along with the results from validation data sets for forced and mixed convection. One wall of the tunnel test section is heated while the other three are transparent for optical access. All boundary conditions, including geometry, wall temperature and inflow temperature and velocity, are measured and their uncertainties are reported. The tunnel's design is unique in that the test section can be inverted by rotating the entire facility to generate mixed convection with either buoyancy aided or buoyancy opposed flow. The RoBuT can also produce forced or natural convection, either steady or transient. Measurements for forced and buoyancy-aided mixed convection over a vertical heated plate are described. The RoBuT allows for simultaneous measurements of velocity, wall and inlet air temperature, heat flux measurements on the heated wall, and pressure drop across the test section. The fluid velocity is measured by time-averaged particle image velocimetry (PIV). The first validation case is forced convection since this flow is well understood. Both forced and mixed convection results are compared to published correlations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies. The CFD is steady and 3-D using as-built measurements of the geometry. Experimental wall and inlet temperatures are used for CFD boundary conditions, as well as the inlet velocity and turbulence profiles. Three research groups perform simulations with varying levels of knowledge of the experimental results. C1 [Lance, Blake W.; Harris, Jeff R.; Iverson, Jared M.; Spall, Robert E.; Smith, Barton L.] Utah State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Johnson, Richard W.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lance, BW (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM b.lance@aggiemail.usu.edu; jeff.harr@aggiemail.usu.edu; j.iverson@aggiemail.usu.edu; robert.spall@usu.edu; rich.johnson@inl.gov; bsmith@engineering.usu.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5554-6 PY 2014 AR V01AT07A002 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BD2PE UT WOS:000359029100050 ER PT B AU Gubynskyi, MV Barsukov, IV Gogotsi, OG Fedorov, SS Livitan, MV Rohatgi, U AF Gubynskyi, Mykhailo V. Barsukov, Igor V. Gogotsi, Oleksiy G. Fedorov, Sergiy S. Livitan, Mykola V. Rohatgi, Upendra GP ASME TI ELECTROTHERMAL FLUIDIZED BED FURNACE FOR THERMAL TREATMENT OF RECYCLED BATTERY WASTES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2013, VOL 1B: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Incline Village, NV SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB An innovative technology for processing selected recycled battery wastes from large format automotive lithium-ion batteries has been developed. One of the key steps of refining process is application of thermal treatment of granular matter in a new and improved modified electrothermal fluidized bed reactor at high temperature. The reactor design is based on fluidization and increase in electric resistance leading to higher temperatures. C1 [Gubynskyi, Mykhailo V.; Fedorov, Sergiy S.; Livitan, Mykola V.] Natl Met Acad Ukraine, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine. [Barsukov, Igor V.] Amer Energy Technol Co, Chicago, IL USA. [Gogotsi, Oleksiy G.] Mat Res Ctr, Kiev, Ukraine. [Rohatgi, Upendra] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gubynskyi, MV (reprint author), Natl Met Acad Ukraine, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5555-3 PY 2014 AR V01BT10A036 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BD2PF UT WOS:000359030600036 ER PT B AU Merzari, E Fischer, P AF Merzari, Elia Fischer, Paul GP ASME TI CONTROLLING TURBULENCE IN TIGHT ROD BUNDLES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2013, VOL 1B: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Incline Village, NV SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID FLOW AB The flow in rod bundles is of key importance in a variety of engineering fields. It is representative, for instance, of the flow in a nuclear reactor core and the flow in a tube and shell heat exchanger. For particularly tight rod bundles (pitch to diameter ratio lower than 1.1 in hexagonal arrays) the flow is subject to a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability that is present in both laminar and turbulent flows and is likely to influence transition. Such instability has been proven to exist in bare bundles and even in bundles containing spacing devices. In fact, rod bundles are typically separated by devices designed to keep the rods (or tubes) in place and avoid vibrations. Simple spacer designs, such as honeycomb arrays with dimples, do not remove the instability The present paper discusses a procedure to investigate the effect of spacing devices have on the most unstable mode of turbulence. A linear stability analysis of the laminar flow for several spacing device configurations has been performed by using adjoint methods. The results show the effect of the spacing on the formation of large scale coherent structures and help lay the ground for a theory of turbulence control in tight rod bundles. C1 [Merzari, Elia] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Fischer, Paul] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Computat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Merzari, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5555-3 PY 2014 AR V01BT15A009 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BD2PF UT WOS:000359030600065 ER PT B AU Allen, JC Pitz, WJ Fisher, BT AF Allen, James C. Pitz, William J. Fisher, Brian T. GP ASME TI IGNITION DELAY AND HEAT-RELEASE RATE FOR n-HEPTANE IN A DIRECT-INJECTION CONSTANT-VOLUME COMBUSTION CHAMBER: EXPERIMENTS AND COMPUTATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 1: LARGE BORE ENGINES; ADVANCED COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS CONTROL SYSTEMS; INSTRUMENTATION, CONTROLS, AND HYBRIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY OCT 13-16, 2013 CL Dearborn, MI SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div ID RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE; CONCENTRATION-TIME-HISTORIES; QUALITY TESTER IQT; SHOCK-TUBE; HCCI COMBUSTION; ISOOCTANE IGNITION; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; CONTROLLABLE EGR; PREMIXED FLAMES; LOW-TEMPERATURE AB The purpose of this study was to characterize combustion behavior for n-heptane using experimental measurements in a direct-injection constant-volume combustion chamber (CVCC) to validate chemical-kinetic mechanisms. This work is focused on compression-ignition (i.e., diesel) combustion, primarily because mechanisms for larger-chain diesel-relevant species are not well developed and require significant attention. The CVCC used in this work can be pressurized and heated to create engine-relevant conditions that enable study of autoignition behavior. In addition, the chamber is equipped with a high-pressure, common-rail diesel injector, making the study of autoignition and combustion in this system highly relevant to modern diesel engines. By varying injection pressure and duration, it is possible to control global equivalence ratio as well. Chamber pressure during injection and combustion is measured using a piezoelectric transducer, and can be subsequently used to infer heat-release rates. Experimental measurements for n-heptane mostly displayed expected trends. As initial chamber pressure increased, ignition delay decreased and peak pressure increased. As injection duration increased, ignition delay decreased due to faster ignition of richer mixtures, and peak pressure increased due to higher total heat release. The effect of temperature on ignition delay, however, was more complex and suggested some amount of NTC (negative temperature coefficient) behavior. For all conditions, heat-release rates indicated entirely premixed combustion with no hint of mixing-controlled combustion. Experimental data were compared with results from CHEMKIN-PRO simulations. The model simulated zero-dimensional combustion using a detailed n-heptane mechanism developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. These computations were used to infer local equivalence ratio information, based on equivalence ratio required in the model to match experimental ignition delay. For most test cases, the model required an equivalence ratio that was at least similar to 2x richer than the global value. In addition, equivalence ratios in the model ranged a full order of magnitude, from similar to 0.6 to 6, suggesting that local mixture equivalence ratios varied considerably as experimental conditions were varied. Results suggest that improved models that include details of spray physics are required in order to properly predict local equivalence ratios and resulting autoignition characteristics. C1 [Allen, James C.; Fisher, Brian T.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Pitz, William J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Fisher, BT (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM bfisher@eng.ua.edu NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5609-3 PY 2014 AR V001T03A012 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BD2PC UT WOS:000359026200016 ER PT B AU Bittle, JA Gao, ZM Jacobs, TJ AF Bittle, Joshua A. Gao, Zhiming Jacobs, Timothy J. GP ASME TI VALIDATION AND RESULTS OF A PSEUDO-MULTI-ZONE COMBUSTION TRAJECTORY PREDICTION MODEL FOR CAPTURING SOOT AND NOX FORMATION ON A MEDIUM DUTY DIESEL ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 1: LARGE BORE ENGINES; ADVANCED COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS CONTROL SYSTEMS; INSTRUMENTATION, CONTROLS, AND HYBRIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY OCT 13-16, 2013 CL Dearborn, MI SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div ID EMISSIONS AB A pseudo-multi-zone phenomenological model has been created with the ultimate goal of supporting efforts to enable broader commercialization of low temperature combustion modes in diesel engines. The benefits of low temperature combustion are the simultaneous reduction in soot and nitric oxide emissions and increased engine efficiency if combustion is properly controlled. Determining what qualifies as low temperature combustion for any given engine can be difficult without expensive emissions analysis equipment. This determination can be made off-line using computer models or through factory calibration procedures. This process could potentially be simplified if a real-time prediction model could be implemented to run for any engine platform this is the motivation for this study. The major benefit of this model is the ability for it to predict the combustion trajectory, i.e. local temperature and equivalence ratio in the burning zones. The model successfully captures all the expected trends based on the experimental data and even highlights an opportunity for simply using the average reaction temperature and equivalence ratio as an indicator of emissions levels alone without solving formation sub-models. This general type of modeling effort is not new, but a major effort was made to minimize the calculation duration to enable implementation as an input to real-time next-cycle engine controller Instead of simply using the predicted engine out soot and NOx levels, control decisions could be made based on the trajectory. This has the potential to save large amounts of calibration time because with minor tuning (the model has only one automatically determined constant) it is hoped that the control algorithm would be generally applicable. C1 [Bittle, Joshua A.; Jacobs, Timothy J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gao, Zhiming] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Bittle, JA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5609-3 PY 2014 AR V001T03A009 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BD2PC UT WOS:000359026200013 ER PT B AU Curran, SJ Szybist, JP Wagner, RM AF Curran, Scott J. Szybist, James P. Wagner, Robert M. GP ASME TI COMBUSTION NOISE INVESTIGATION WITH MULTI-CYLINDER RCCI SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 1: LARGE BORE ENGINES; ADVANCED COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS CONTROL SYSTEMS; INSTRUMENTATION, CONTROLS, AND HYBRIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY OCT 13-16, 2013 CL Dearborn, MI SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div AB Advanced combustion techniques have shown promise for achieving high thermal efficiency with simultaneous reductions in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. Many advanced combustion studies have used some form of noise-related metric to constrain engine operation, whether it be cylinder pressure rise rate, combustion noise, or ringing intensity. As the development of advanced combustion techniques progresses towards production-viable concepts, combustion noise is anticipated to be of the upmost concern for consumer acceptability. This study compares the noise metrics of cylinder pressure rise rate with combustion noise as measured by an AVL combustion noise meter over a wide range of engine operation conditions with reactivity controlled compression ignition on a light-duty multi-cylinder diesel engine modified to allow for direct injection of diesel fuel and port fuel injection of gasoline. Key parameters affecting noise metrics are engine load, speed, and the amount of boost. The trade-offs between high efficiency, low NOx emissions, and combustion noise were also explored. Additionally, the combustion noise algorithm integrated into the Drivven combustion analysis toolkit is compared to cylinder pressure rise rate and combustion noise as measured with a combustion noise meter. It is shown that the combustion noise of the multi-cylinder reactivity controlled compression ignition map can approach 100 dB while keeping the maximum pressure rise under 100 kPa/CAD. C1 [Curran, Scott J.; Szybist, James P.; Wagner, Robert M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Curran, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5609-3 PY 2014 AR V001T03A018 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BD2PC UT WOS:000359026200022 ER PT B AU O'Connor, J Musculus, MPB AF O'Connor, Jacqueline Musculus, Mark P. B. GP ASME TI EFFECT OF LOAD ON CLOSE-COUPLED POST-INJECTION EFFICACY FOR SOOT REDUCTION IN AN OPTICAL, HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL RESEARCH ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 1: LARGE BORE ENGINES; ADVANCED COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS CONTROL SYSTEMS; INSTRUMENTATION, CONTROLS, AND HYBRIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY OCT 13-16, 2013 CL Dearborn, MI SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div ID COMBUSTION; TEMPERATURE; EMISSIONS; IGNITION AB The use of close-coupled post injections of fuel is an in-cylinder soot-reduction technique that has much promise for high efficiency, heavy-duty diesel engines. Close-coupled post injections, short injections of fuel that occur soon after the end of the main fuel injection, have been known to reduce engine-out soot at a wide range of engine operating conditions, including variations in injection timing, EGR level, load, boost, and speed. While many studies have investigated the performance of post injections, the details of the mechanism by which soot is reduced remains unclear. In this study, we have measured the efficacy of post injections over a range of load conditions, at constant speed, boost, and rail pressure, in a heavy-duty, optically-accessible research diesel engine. Here, the base load is varied by changing the main-injection duration. Measurements of engine-out soot indicate that not only does the efficacy of a post injection decrease at higher engine loads, but that the range of post-injection durations over which soot reduction is achievable is limited at higher loads. Optical measurements, including natural luminescence of soot and planar laser-induced incandescence of soot, provide information about the spatio-temporal development of in-cylinder soot through the cycle in cases with and without post injections. The optical results indicate that the post injection behaves similarly at different loads, but that its relative efficacy decreases due to the increase in soot resulting from longer main-injection durations. C1 [O'Connor, Jacqueline; Musculus, Mark P. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP O'Connor, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5609-3 PY 2014 AR V001T03A003 PG 23 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BD2PC UT WOS:000359026200007 ER PT B AU Zhu, YH Salman, N Freeman, K Reese, R Wang, ZH Scarcelli, R Som, S AF Zhu, Yuhua (York) Salman, Nameer Freeman, Kevin Reese, Ronald, II Wang, Zihan Scarcelli, Riccardo Som, Sibendu GP ASME TI NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIESEL MICRO PILOT IGNITED DI GASOLINE ENGINE WITH TURBOCHARGING AND COOLED EGR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 1: LARGE BORE ENGINES; ADVANCED COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS CONTROL SYSTEMS; INSTRUMENTATION, CONTROLS, AND HYBRIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY OCT 13-16, 2013 CL Dearborn, MI SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div AB Advanced technologies combining turbocharging, downsizing, direct injection, and cooled EGR are being intensively investigated in order to significantly improve the fuel economy of spark-ignition (SI) gasoline engines. To avoid the occurrence of knock and to improve the thermal efficiency, a significant fraction of EGR is often used. Due to the significant fraction of EGR, the ignition source needs to be enhanced to ensure high combustion stability. In addition to advanced spark-based solutions, diesel micro-pilot (DMP) technology has been proposed in recent years where the diesel fuel replaces the spark-plug as the ignition source. This paper studies the combustion characteristics of a diesel micro pilot ignited gasoline engine, employing direct injection of gasoline and diesel as well as turbocharging and cooled EGR. A multi-dimensional CFD code with a chemical kinetic calculation capability was extensively validated across the engine speed and load range in a previous study [1]. This paper explores the influence of a number of parameters on DMP combustion behavior, including: diesel pilot mass fraction, start of injection (SOT), DMP injection strategy, as well as EGR rate, air/fuel ratio, and DI gasoline/air mixture inhomogeneity. Besides, the comparison of DMP ignited combustion with traditional spark ignited combustion is also made in terms of EGR tolerance, lean burn limit, and DI gasoline air mixture inhomogeneity. Finally, numerical simulations aimed at optimizing both gasoline and diesel injection parameters, as well as EGR rate in order to enhance the engine performance in the DMP combustion mode, are discussed. C1 [Zhu, Yuhua (York); Salman, Nameer; Freeman, Kevin; Reese, Ronald, II] Chrysler Grp LLC, Auburn Hills, MI 48326 USA. [Wang, Zihan; Scarcelli, Riccardo; Som, Sibendu] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. RP Zhu, YH (reprint author), Chrysler Grp LLC, Auburn Hills, MI 48326 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5609-3 PY 2014 AR V001T03A022 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BD2PC UT WOS:000359026200026 ER PT B AU Kabilan, S Einstein, DR Jacob, RE Carson, JP Kuprat, AP Minard, KR Corley, RA AF Kabilan, S. Einstein, D. R. Jacob, R. E. Carson, J. P. Kuprat, A. P. Minard, K. R. Corley, R. A. GP ASME TI IMAGING-BASED MULTISCALE MODELS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM THAT ACCOUNT FOR REGIONAL HETEROGENEITY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE - 2013, PT A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th American-Society-Mechanical-Engineering Summer Bioengineering Conference (SBC2013) CY JUN 26-29, 2013 CL Sunriver, OR SP Amer Soc Mech Engn, Bioengineer Div C1 [Kabilan, S.; Einstein, D. R.; Jacob, R. E.; Carson, J. P.; Kuprat, A. P.; Minard, K. R.; Corley, R. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Syst Toxicol Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Kabilan, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Syst Toxicol Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5560-7 PY 2014 AR V01AT05A014 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA BD2YH UT WOS:000359389200062 ER PT B AU Salloum, M Ma, RH Zhu, L AF Salloum, Maher Ma, Ronghui Zhu, Liang GP ASME TI APPLYING POLYNOMIAL CHAOS EXPANSIONS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF TISSUE NON-HOMOGENEOUS PROPERTIES IN BIOTRANSPORT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE - 2013, PT A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th American-Society-Mechanical-Engineering Summer Bioengineering Conference (SBC2013) CY JUN 26-29, 2013 CL Sunriver, OR SP Amer Soc Mech Engn, Bioengineer Div ID FLOW C1 [Salloum, Maher] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable & Secure Syst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ma, Ronghui; Zhu, Liang] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Salloum, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable & Secure Syst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5560-7 PY 2014 AR V01AT21A002 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA BD2YH UT WOS:000359389200281 ER PT B AU Veress, AI Giannakidis, A Gullberg, GT AF Veress, A. I. Giannakidis, A. Gullberg, G. T. GP ASME TI Mechanical Effects of Myofibril Disarray on Cardiac Function SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE - 2013, PT A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th American-Society-Mechanical-Engineering Summer Bioengineering Conference (SBC2013) CY JUN 26-29, 2013 CL Sunriver, OR SP Amer Soc Mech Engn, Bioengineer Div ID FIBER DISARRAY C1 [Veress, A. I.] Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Giannakidis, A.; Gullberg, G. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Veress, AI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5560-7 PY 2014 AR V01AT13A025 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA BD2YH UT WOS:000359389200181 ER PT B AU Deymier-Black, AC Schwartz, AG Cai, ZH Genin, GM Thomopoulos, S AF Deymier-Black, Alix C. Schwartz, Andrea G. Cai, Zhonghou Genin, Guy M. Thomopoulos, Stavros GP ASME TI MINERAL MORPHOLOGY AT THE TENDON-TO-BONE INTERFACE OBSERVED VIA HIGH ENERGY X-RAY DIFFRACTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE - 2013, PT B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th American-Society-Mechanical-Engineering Summer Bioengineering Conference (SBC2013) CY JUN 26-29, 2013 CL Sunriver, OR SP Amer Soc Mech Engn, Bioengineer Div ID INSERTION C1 [Deymier-Black, Alix C.; Schwartz, Andrea G.; Thomopoulos, Stavros] Washington Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Cai, Zhonghou] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Genin, Guy M.] Washington Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Deymier-Black, AC (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5561-4 PY 2014 AR V01BT37A006 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA BD2YI UT WOS:000359389300089 ER PT B AU Kabilan, S Kuprat, A Einstein, D Carson, J Jacob, R Minard, K Corley, R AF Kabilan, S. Kuprat, A. Einstein, D. Carson, J. Jacob, R. Minard, K. Corley, R. GP ASME TI UPTAKE OF SOLUBLE GASES IN THE ENTIRE RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS OF RATS AND HUMANS USING TRANSIENT CFD/PBPK MODELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE - 2013, PT B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th American-Society-Mechanical-Engineering Summer Bioengineering Conference (SBC2013) CY JUN 26-29, 2013 CL Sunriver, OR SP Amer Soc Mech Engn, Bioengineer Div ID DOSIMETRY; VAPOR C1 [Kabilan, S.; Kuprat, A.; Einstein, D.; Carson, J.; Jacob, R.; Minard, K.; Corley, R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Syst Toxicol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kabilan, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Syst Toxicol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5561-4 PY 2014 AR V01BT25A004 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA BD2YI UT WOS:000359389300016 ER PT B AU Borchelt, RE Nielsen, KH AF Borchelt, Rick E. Nielsen, Kristian H. BE Bucchi, M Trench, B TI Public relations in science Managing the trust portfolio SO ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF PUBLIC COMMUNICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2ND EDITION SE Routledge International Handbooks LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STRATEGIC RISK COMMUNICATION; E-MAIL; WEB; POLITICS C1 [Borchelt, Rick E.] US DOE, Commun & Publ Affairs, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] US Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] USDA, Sci & Technol Publ Affairs, Washington, DC USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] NASA, Washington, DC USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] Univ Maryland, Bethesda, MD USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Genet & Publ Policy Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] Sci & Technol Publ Affairs Clinton Adm, New York, NY USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sci Commun & Sci Policy, Nashville, TN USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nielsen, Kristian H.] Aarhus Univ, Ctr Sci Studies, Hist Sci & Sci Commun, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Borchelt, RE (reprint author), US DOE, Commun & Publ Affairs, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-48379-4; 978-0-415-83461-2 J9 ROUT INT HANDB PY 2014 BP 58 EP 69 PG 12 WC Communication; Social Issues SC Communication; Social Issues GA BC9SB UT WOS:000356818300006 ER PT B AU Stoklosa, RJ Hodge, DB AF Stoklosa, Ryan J. Hodge, David B. BE Qureshi, N Hodge, DB Vertes, AA TI Integration of (Hemi)-Cellulosic Biofuels Technologies with Chemical Pulp Production SO BIOREFINERIES: INTEGRATED BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES FOR LIQUID BIOFUELS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HOT-WATER EXTRACTION; BLACK LIQUOR GASIFICATION; SPENT SULFITE LIQUOR; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIETHYL OXALATE PRETREATMENT; HARDWOOD KRAFT PULP; DISSOLVING PULP; PRE-EXTRACTION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ALKALINE EXTRACTION C1 [Stoklosa, Ryan J.; Hodge, David B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hodge, David B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hodge, David B.] Michigan State Univ, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hodge, David B.] Lulea Univ Technol, Div Chem Engn, S-95187 Lulea, Sweden. RP Hodge, DB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM hodgeda@egr.msu.edu NR 171 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-59504-1; 978-0-444-59498-3 PY 2014 BP 73 EP 100 PG 28 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC8ZY UT WOS:000356183300005 ER PT J AU Kolhinen, VS Rahaman, S Suhonen, J AF Kolhinen, V. S. Rahaman, S. Suhonen, J. TI Double-beta decay studies with JYFLTRAP SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IGISOL Workshop CY JUN 11-13, 2013 CL Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Jyvaskyla, FINLAND HO Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys DE Double-beta decay; Q value; Neutrino mass ID PRECISION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DOUBLE-ELECTRON-CAPTURE; NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; PENNING TRAPS; RAMSEY METHOD; IGISOL AB We have applied JYFLTRAP double Penning trap mass spectrometer to study several double-beta decay Q values that could be useful for the search of neutrinoless double-beta decay and, hence for the determination of neutrino properties. C1 [Kolhinen, V. S.; Suhonen, J.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland. [Rahaman, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kolhinen, VS (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, POB 35 YFL, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland. EM veli.kolhinen@jyu.fi NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 223 IS 1-3 BP 195 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s10751-012-0618-3 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257SF UT WOS:000327405800015 ER PT J AU Garcia, A Sjue, S Swanson, E Wrede, C Melconian, D Algora, A Ahmad, I AF Garcia, A. Sjue, S. Swanson, E. Wrede, C. Melconian, D. Algora, A. Ahmad, I. TI Decay studies for neutrino physics Electron capture decays of Tc-100 and In-116 SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IGISOL Workshop CY JUN 11-13, 2013 CL Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Jyvaskyla, FINLAND HO Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys DE Neutrinos; Double-beta decay; Electron-capture decay; Nuclear structure ID DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; MO-100; STATES; RU-100 AB Both Mo-100 and Cd-116 are zero-neutrino double-beta-decay candidates with J (pi) = 0 (+) and the ground states of the respective intermediate nuclei, Tc-100 and In-116, have J (pi) = 1 (+) . This makes it possible to measure these matrix elements, which turn out to provide a valuable benchmark for testing models. The electron-capture (EC) decay of Tc-100 can also be used to directly determine the efficiency of a potential neutrino detector. However, the experimental determinations of the EC decay branches of interest are challenging because they are only small fractions of the main decays and co-produced radioactivities contribute significant background counts in the regions of interest. This article summarizes our work at Jyvaskyla, where we have taken advantage of the high-purity beams produced at IGISOL in combination with JYFLTRAP to achieve significant improvements in the determinations of the EC branches of Tc-100 and In-116. C1 [Garcia, A.; Sjue, S.; Swanson, E.; Wrede, C.] Univ Washington, CENPA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wrede, C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wrede, C.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Melconian, D.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Algora, A.] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain. [Ahmad, I.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Garcia, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, CENPA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM agarcia3@uw.edu RI Algora, Alejandro/E-2960-2015; Melconian, Dan/A-1331-2011; OI Algora, Alejandro/0000-0002-5199-1794; Melconian, Dan/0000-0002-0142-5428; Garcia, Alejandro/0000-0001-6056-6645 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 223 IS 1-3 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s10751-012-0619-2 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257SF UT WOS:000327405800016 ER PT J AU Algora, A Jordan, D Tain, JL Rubio, B Agramunt, J Caballero, L Nacher, E Perez-Cerdan, AB Molina, F Estevez, E Valencia, E Krasznahorkay, A Hunyadi, MD Gulyas, J Vitez, A Csatlos, M Csige, L Eronen, T Rissanen, J Saastamoinen, A Moore, ID Penttila, H Kolhinen, VS Burkard, K Huller, W Batist, L Gelletly, W Nichols, AL Yoshida, T Sonzogni, AA Perajarvi, K AF Algora, A. Jordan, D. Tain, J. L. Rubio, B. Agramunt, J. Caballero, L. Nacher, E. Perez-Cerdan, A. B. Molina, F. Estevez, E. Valencia, E. Krasznahorkay, A. Hunyadi, M. D. Gulyas, J. Vitez, A. Csatlos, M. Csige, L. Eronen, T. Rissanen, J. Saastamoinen, A. Moore, I. D. Penttila, H. Kolhinen, V. S. Burkard, K. Hueller, W. Batist, L. Gelletly, W. Nichols, A. L. Yoshida, T. Sonzogni, A. A. Perajarvi, K. TI Decay heat studies for nuclear energy SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IGISOL Workshop CY JUN 11-13, 2013 CL Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Jyvaskyla, FINLAND HO Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys DE Decay heat; Total absorption; Trap-assisted spectroscopy ID TOTAL ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; BETA-DECAY; SPECTROMETER; SIMULATION; IGISOL AB The energy associated with the decay of fission products plays an important role in the estimation of the amount of heat released by nuclear fuel in reactors. In this article we present results of the study of the beta decay of some refractory isotopes that were considered important contributors to the decay heat in reactors. The measurements were performed at the IGISOL facility of the University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. In these studies we have combined for the first time a Penning trap (JYFLTRAP), which was used as a high resolution isobaric separator, with a total absorption spectrometer. The results of the measurements as well as their consequences for decay heat summation calculations are discussed. C1 [Algora, A.; Jordan, D.; Tain, J. L.; Rubio, B.; Agramunt, J.; Caballero, L.; Nacher, E.; Perez-Cerdan, A. B.; Molina, F.; Estevez, E.; Valencia, E.] Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, Valencia, Spain. [Algora, A.; Krasznahorkay, A.; Hunyadi, M. D.; Gulyas, J.; Vitez, A.; Csatlos, M.; Csige, L.] Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. [Eronen, T.; Rissanen, J.; Saastamoinen, A.; Moore, I. D.; Penttila, H.; Kolhinen, V. S.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Burkard, K.; Hueller, W.] GSI Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany. [Batist, L.] PNPI, Gatchina, Russia. [Gelletly, W.; Nichols, A. L.] Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. [Yoshida, T.] Tokyo City Univ, Tokyo, Japan. [Sonzogni, A. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NNDC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Perajarvi, K.] STUK, Helsinki, Finland. RP Algora, A (reprint author), Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, Valencia, Spain. EM algora@ific.uv.es RI Caballero, Luis/M-1304-2015; Algora, Alejandro/E-2960-2015; OI Caballero, Luis/0000-0002-1635-5282; Algora, Alejandro/0000-0002-5199-1794; Nacher, Enrique/0000-0002-2123-539X NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 223 IS 1-3 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s10751-012-0623-6 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257SF UT WOS:000327405800021 ER PT B AU Haggstrom, C Rova, U Brandberg, T Hodge, DB AF Haggstrom, Caroline Rova, Ulrika Brandberg, Tomas Hodge, David B. BE Qureshi, N Hodge, DB Vertes, AA TI Integration of Ethanol Fermentation with Second Generation Biofuels Technologies SO BIOREFINERIES: INTEGRATED BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES FOR LIQUID BIOFUELS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE STRAIN; PRETREATED CORN STOVER; FED-BATCH FERMENTATION; DEVELOPMENT UNIT-SCALE; DILUTE SULFURIC-ACID; FUEL-ETHANOL; SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS C1 [Haggstrom, Caroline] WIBAX AB, Batterigatan, Pitea, Sweden. [Rova, Ulrika; Hodge, David B.] Lulea Univ Technol, Div Chem Engn, S-95187 Lulea, Sweden. [Brandberg, Tomas] Boras Univ, Sch Engn, Boras, Sweden. [Hodge, David B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hodge, David B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hodge, David B.] Michigan State Univ, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hodge, DB (reprint author), Lulea Univ Technol, Div Chem Engn, S-95187 Lulea, Sweden. EM hodgeda@egr.msu.edu NR 136 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-59504-1; 978-0-444-59498-3 PY 2014 BP 161 EP 187 PG 27 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC8ZY UT WOS:000356183300009 ER PT S AU Bedekar, V Pauskar, P Shivpuri, R Howe, J AF Bedekar, Vikram Pauskar, Praveen Shivpuri, Rajiv Howe, J. BE Ishikawa, T Mori, KI TI Microstructure and texture evolutions in AISI 1050 steel by flow forming SO 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGY OF PLASTICITY, ICTP 2014 SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Technology of Plasticity (ICTP) CY OCT 19-24, 2014 CL Nagoya, JAPAN DE Flow forming; Dynamic recrystallization; Texture; Preferred orientation; Nanostructure ID DEFORMATION; TUBES AB Hot rolled and annealed AISI 1050 steel cylindrical coupons were flow formed at different levels of deformation (66% and 90% wall thickness reduction). TEM studies revealed development of ultra-fine (sub) grain cell structure due to severe plastic deformation. The transverse subgrain size changed from 10 m (beginning) to 300 nm (66% reduction) to 40 nm (90% reduction). An EBSD study revealed a decreased recrystallization fraction at 90% deformation compared to 66% deformation, caused by orientation pinning from the preferred orientation along {002} planes. No evidence of dislocation pinning or cracking was observed on any samples. The aim of the present work is to study the deformation behaviour and microstructural evolution during the conventional flow forming process. The effect of severe straining on structural changes and strengthening behaviour is also discussed. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bedekar, Vikram; Pauskar, Praveen] Timken Technol Ctr, N Canton, OH 44720 USA. [Shivpuri, Rajiv] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Howe, J.] ORNL, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bedekar, V (reprint author), Timken Technol Ctr, N Canton, OH 44720 USA. EM vikram.bedekar@timken.com OI Shivpuri, Rajiv/0000-0003-3635-951X NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2014 VL 81 BP 2355 EP 2360 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.333 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BD2OO UT WOS:000358994000382 ER PT J AU Ibanez, E Milligan, M AF Ibanez, Eduardo Milligan, Michael GP IEEE TI Comparing Resource Adequacy Metrics and their Influence on Capacity Value SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROBABILISTIC METHODS APPLIED TO POWER SYSTEMS (PMAPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS) CY JUL 07-10, 2014 CL Durham, ENGLAND DE Capacity planning; power system reliability; probability; solar energy; wind energy ID POWER AB Traditional probabilistic methods have been used to evaluate resource adequacy. The increasing presence of variable renewable generation in power systems presents a challenge to these methods because, unlike thermal units, variable renewable generation levels change over time because they are driven by meteorological events. Thus, capacity value calculations for these resources are often performed to simple rules of thumb. This paper follows the recommendations of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation's Integration of Variable Generation Task Force to include variable generation in the calculation of resource adequacy and compares different reliability metrics. Examples are provided using the Western Interconnection footprint under different variable generation penetrations. C1 [Ibanez, Eduardo; Milligan, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Transmiss & Grid Integrat Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ibanez, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Transmiss & Grid Integrat Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM eduardo.ibanez@nrel.gov; michael.milligan@nrel.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3561-1 PY 2014 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2GW UT WOS:000358734100033 ER PT J AU Melhorn, AC Dimitrovski, A AF Melhorn, A. C. Dimitrovski, A. GP IEEE TI A Method for Modeling Voltage Regulators in Probabilistic Load Flow for Radial Systems SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROBABILISTIC METHODS APPLIED TO POWER SYSTEMS (PMAPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS) CY JUL 07-10, 2014 CL Durham, ENGLAND DE Power distribution systems; probabilistic load flow; three phase; voltage regulators AB Probabilistic load flow is becoming a more useful and needed power system analysis technique with the increase of stochastic generation and demand. This paper improves the usefulness of probabilistic load flow by demonstrating an algorithm for modeling voltage regulators within the probabilistic load flow solution. Previously, the voltage regulators have been removed from the system before analysis. The proposed technique is verified by comparing the solutions to those obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. C1 [Melhorn, A. C.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Elect Elect & Commun Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Dimitrovski, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Elect & Elect Syst Res Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Melhorn, AC (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Elect Elect & Commun Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM acmelhorn@gmail.com; dimitrovskia@ornl.gov RI Dimitrovski, Aleksandar/G-5897-2016 OI Dimitrovski, Aleksandar/0000-0001-9109-621X NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3561-1 PY 2014 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2GW UT WOS:000358734100021 ER PT S AU Garimella, RV Perkins, WA Buksas, MW Berndt, M Lipnikov, K Coon, E Moulton, JD Painter, SL AF Garimella, Rao V. Perkins, William A. Buksas, Mike W. Berndt, Markus Lipnikov, Konstantin Coon, Ethan Moulton, John D. Painter, Scott L. BE Persson, PO Staten, ML TI Mesh Infrastructure for Coupled Multiprocess Geophysical Simulations SO 23RD INTERNATIONAL MESHING ROUNDTABLE (IMR23) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Meshing Roundtable (IMR) CY OCT 12-15, 2014 CL London, ENGLAND DE Mesh infrastructure; coupled multiphysics simulations; terrestrial arctic; permafrost AB We have developed a sophisticated mesh infrastructure capability to support large scale multiphysics simulations such as subsurface flow and reactive contaminant transport at storage sites as well as the analysis of the effects of a warming climate on the terrestrial arctic. These simulations involve a wide range of coupled processes including overland flow, subsurface flow, freezing and thawing of ice rich soil, accumulation, redistribution and melting of snow, biogeochemical processes involving plant matter and finally, microtopography evolution due to melting and degradation of ice wedges below the surface. In addition to supporting the usual topological and geometric queries about the mesh, the mesh infrastructure adds capabilities such as identifying columnar structures in the mesh, enabling deforming of the mesh subject to constraints and enabling the simultaneous use of meshes of different dimensionality for subsurface and surface processes. The generic mesh interface is capable of using three different open source mesh frameworks (MSTK, MOAB and STKmesh) under the hood allowing the developers to directly compare them and choose one that is best suited for the application's needs. We demonstrate the results of some simulations using these capabilities as well as present a comparison of the performance of the different mesh frameworks. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Garimella, Rao V.; Berndt, Markus; Lipnikov, Konstantin; Coon, Ethan; Moulton, John D.; Painter, Scott L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Perkins, William A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Buksas, Mike W.] Stellar Sci Ltd Co, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Garimella, RV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rao@lanl.gov RI Painter, Scott/C-2586-2016; OI Painter, Scott/0000-0002-0901-6987; Berndt, Markus/0000-0001-5360-6848; Garimella, Rao/0000-0002-3812-2105 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2014 VL 82 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.371 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BD2HC UT WOS:000358739700003 ER PT S AU Quadros, WR AF Quadros, William Roshan BE Persson, PO Staten, ML TI LayTracks3D: a new approach to meshing general solids using medial axis transform SO 23RD INTERNATIONAL MESHING ROUNDTABLE (IMR23) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Meshing Roundtable (IMR) CY OCT 12-15, 2014 CL London, ENGLAND DE Medial Axis Transforms; Hex Mesh Generation; Geometry Decomposition; Assembly Meshing ID SURFACE SUBDIVISION; SHAPE; EDGES AB This paper presents an extension of the all-quad meshing algorithm called LayTracks to generate high quality hex and hexdominant meshes of 3D assembly models. LayTracks3D uses the mapping between the Medial Axis ( MA) and the boundary of the 3D domain to decompose complex 3D domains into simpler domains called Tracks. Tracks in 3D are similar to tunnels with no branches and are symmetric, non-intersecting, orthogonal to the boundary, and the shortest path from the MA to the boundary. These properties of tracks result in desired meshes with near cube shape elements at the boundary, structured mesh along the boundary normal with any irregular nodes restricted to the MA, and sharp boundary feature preservation. The algorithm has been tested on a few industrial CAD models and hex-dominant meshes are shown in the result section. The paper also describes how this algorithm can be extended to produce all-hex meshes in general geometries. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Quadros, WR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0897, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wrquadr@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2014 VL 82 BP 72 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.374 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BD2HC UT WOS:000358739700006 ER PT S AU Dudley, CR Owen, SJ AF Dudley, Clifton R. Owen, Steven J. BE Persson, PO Staten, ML TI Degenerate Hex Elements SO 23RD INTERNATIONAL MESHING ROUNDTABLE (IMR23) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Meshing Roundtable (IMR) CY OCT 12-15, 2014 CL London, ENGLAND DE degenerate hexahedral elements; grid-based; overlay grid; smoothing; sculpt ID MESH GENERATION; ALGORITHM AB Automatic, all-hex meshes are required in many environments. However, current methods can produce unacceptable results where geometric features or topologic connectivity impose limiting constraints. Collapsing a small number of edges or faces in an all-hex mesh to produce degenerate hex elements may be sufficient to turn an otherwise unusable mesh into an adequate mesh for computational simulation. We propose a post-processing procedure that will operate on an existing all-hex mesh by identifying and collapsing edges and faces to improve element quality followed by local optimization-based smoothing. We also propose a new metric based upon the scaled Jacobian that can be used to determine element quality of a degenerate hex element. In addition we illustrate the effectiveness of degenerate elements in analysis and provide numerous meshing examples using the sculpt meshing procedure modified to incorporate degeneracies. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dudley, Clifton R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Owen, Steven J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Simulat Modeling Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Owen, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Simulat Modeling Sci, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sjowen@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2014 VL 82 BP 301 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.392 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BD2HC UT WOS:000358739700024 ER PT S AU Jain, R Tautges, TJ AF Jain, Rajeev Tautges, Timothy J. BE Persson, PO Staten, ML TI Generating Unstructured Nuclear Reactor Core Meshes in Parallel SO 23RD INTERNATIONAL MESHING ROUNDTABLE (IMR23) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Meshing Roundtable (IMR) CY OCT 12-15, 2014 CL London, ENGLAND DE nuclear reactor core mesh; parallel mesh generation; MeshKit; RGG; AssyGen; CoreGen AB Recent advances in supercomputers and parallel solver techniques have enabled users to run large simulations problems using millions of processors. Techniques for multiphysics nuclear reactor core simulations are under active development in several countries. Most of these techniques require large unstructured meshes that can be hard to generate in a standalone desktop computers because of high memory requirements, limited processing power, and other complexities. We have previously reported on a hierarchical lattice-based approach for generating reactor core meshes. Here, we describe efforts to exploit coarse-grained parallelism during reactor assembly and reactor core mesh generation processes. We highlight several reactor core examples including a very high temperature reactor, a full-core model of the Korean MONJU reactor, a 1/4 pressurized water reactor core, the fast reactor Experimental Breeder Reactor-II core with a XX09 assembly, and an advanced breeder test reactor core. The times required to generate large mesh models, along with speedups obtained from running these problems in parallel, are reported. A graphical user interface to the tools described here has also been developed. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jain, Rajeev] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tautges, Timothy J.] CD Adapco, Austin, TX 78747 USA. RP Jain, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2014 VL 82 BP 351 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.396 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BD2HC UT WOS:000358739700028 ER PT S AU Mitchell, SA Mohammed, MA Mahmoud, AH Ebeida, MS AF Mitchell, Scott A. Mohammed, Mohammed A. Mahmoud, Ahmed H. Ebeida, Mohamed S. BE Persson, PO Staten, ML TI Delaunay quadrangulation by two-coloring vertices SO 23RD INTERNATIONAL MESHING ROUNDTABLE (IMR23) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Meshing Roundtable (IMR) CY OCT 12-15, 2014 CL London, ENGLAND DE Delaunay; quadrangulation; graph coloring; disk packing; blue noise; random; advancing front ID QUADRILATERAL MESH GENERATION; ALGORITHM; QUAD AB We introduce a bichromatic Delaunay quadrangulation principle by assigning the vertices of a Delaunay triangulation one of two colors, then discarding edges between vertices of the same color. We present algorithms for generating quadrangulations using this principle and simple refinements. The global vertex coloring ensures that only local refinements are needed to get all quads. This is in contrast to triangle-pairing algorithms, which get stuck with isolated triangles that require global refinement. We present two new sphere-packing algorithms for generating the colored triangulation, and we may also take as input a Delaunay refinement mesh and color it arbitrarily. These mesh non-convex planar domains with provable quality: quad angles in [10 degrees, 174 degrees] and edges in [0.1, 2]r. The algorithms extend to curved surfaces and graded meshes. The "random" algorithm generates points with blue noise. The "advancing-front" algorithm produces large patches of boundary-aligned square tilings. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mitchell, Scott A.; Ebeida, Mohamed S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Mohammed, Mohammed A.; Mahmoud, Ahmed H.] Univ Alexandria, Alexandria 21526, Egypt. RP Mitchell, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS 1320, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM samitch@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2014 VL 82 BP 364 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.397 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BD2HC UT WOS:000358739700029 ER PT B AU O'Hern, TJ Shelden, B Romero, LA Torczynski, JR AF O'Hern, T. J. Shelden, B. Romero, L. A. Torczynski, J. R. GP ASME TI BEHAVIOR OF LEVITATED BUBBLES UNDER VIBRATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2013, VOL 1C: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Incline Village, NV SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID LIQUID; SURFACE; MOTION; COLUMN AB Gas bubbles in liquid generally rise due to buoyancy but can be forced to move downward or to be stably levitated by subjecting the liquid to vibration (Jameson, 1966; Hashimoto and Sudo, 1980; Leighton et al., 1990; Brennen, 1995; Ellenberger and Krishna, 2007). We have performed experiments in a quasi-two-dimensional test cell in which the motion of bubbles can be observed and measured. This paper presents observations and data regarding the generation and motion of levitated bubbles when the vibration conditions are varied. While bubble downward motion due to the Bjerknes force is well known at acoustic frequencies close to the bubble resonant frequency, these experiments, like those of Ellenberger and Krishna (2007), demonstrate that such effects can be observed at relatively low frequencies as well. Experiments were performed primarily in one of several thin, quasi-two-dimensional rectangular acrylic boxes partially filled with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone oil or deionized water with ambient air above. The apparatus was subjected to sinusoidal axial vibrations for frequencies of 100-300 Hz, displacements up to 200 microns and accelerations up to 35 times standard gravity. Bubbles generated either by direct injection deep in the cell or by free-surface breakup into jets and droplets can, under appropriate vibration conditions, move downward in the test cell, where they are attracted together and merge to form a large coalesced bubble at the base of the cell. That large bubble can then rise until it reaches a location of stable levitation. The bubble damps free surface breakup above it. Under some vibration conditions, the levitated-bubble interface breakup is similar to the free surface breakup into jets and droplets. C1 [O'Hern, T. J.; Shelden, B.; Torczynski, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Romero, L. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci & Math Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP O'Hern, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5556-0 PY 2014 AR V01CT17A001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BD2PG UT WOS:000359030900001 ER PT B AU Ortega, J Afrin, S Kumar, V Gomez, J AF Ortega, Jesus Afrin, Samia Kumar, Vinod Gomez, Judith GP ASME TI NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF TOTAL ENERGY STORAGE OF NANOFLUIDIZED HEAT TRANSFER FLUID IN THERMOCLENE THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2013, VOL 1C: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Incline Village, NV SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID POWER-PLANTS AB An important factor to enhance the concentrating solar power plant's efficiency relies on the thermal energy storage (TES) system. A single-tank thermocline storage in which both, the hot and cold, fluids are contained in the same tank separated by density difference is investigated. In theory, the overall efficiency and storage capacity of a TES system depends on the thermodynamic properties of heat transfer fluid (HTF). In this study, Solar Salt is used as both the HTF and TES medium. The operating temperatures used in the system analysis range from 300 degrees C to 500 degrees C. The working temperatures will determine the efficiency of storage and the heat storage capacity. To potentially increase the heat capacity and thermal conductivity values, the molten salt has been doped with SiO2, Al2O3, CuO, Ag and ZnO nanoparticles at different concentrations. The variation of the thermodynamic properties of Solar Salt along with the performance of single-tank TES system were evaluated and compared to obtain the best working composition. The goal. of this study is to comprehend and adapt the behavior of the molten salt doped with nanoparticles. In this study, the effective heat capacity, thermal conductivity, density, and viscosity of Nano-fluid are calculated and used in the models to approximate the total energy storage capacity. The models were evaluated by numerical analysis using finite volume computational fluid dynamics software. The numerical results are compared with experimental results in literature. C1 [Ortega, Jesus; Afrin, Samia; Kumar, Vinod] Univ Texas El Paso, Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Gomez, Judith] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Concentrating Solar Power, Golden, CO USA. RP Kumar, V (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM vkumar@utep.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5556-0 PY 2014 AR V01CT26A004 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BD2PG UT WOS:000359030900062 ER PT B AU Sepulveda, A Shantha-Kumar, S Kumar, V Bronson, A Ma, ZW AF Sepulveda, Arturo Shantha-Kumar, Sanjay Kumar, Vinod Bronson, Arturo Ma, Zhiwen GP ASME TI Feasibility Studies of Encapsulated Particles with Heat Absorbing Medium at 800-1300 degrees C for Concentrating Solar Power Technology SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2013, VOL 1C: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Incline Village, NV SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID BEDS AB The feasibility of using liquid Al or B2O3 encapsulated in SiC particles was studied by using thermodynamic analysis and fluid-solid analysis at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1300 degrees C. Alloy melts of the Al-Si and Fe-Al-Si systems were considered for absorbing and desorbing energy for a high temperature energy storage (TES) unit incorporated in a concentrating solar power scheme. Boria was also evaluated instead of metallic melts and compared with the traditional NaNO3-KNO3 molten salt as a TES medium. In addition to determining the enthalpies for sensible heat and phase transformations, the phase equilibrium was determined for possible reactions at the liquid Al/SiC and B2O3/SiC interfaces by calculating their thermodynamic stability. The transport of encapsulated SiC particles within fluid and their effect on the thermal conductivity is discussed toward the efficacy of the thermal energy storage. C1 [Sepulveda, Arturo; Shantha-Kumar, Sanjay; Kumar, Vinod; Bronson, Arturo] Univ Texas El Paso, Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Ma, Zhiwen] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Concentrating Solar Power, Golden, CO USA. RP Sepulveda, A (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5556-0 PY 2014 AR V01CT26A001 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BD2PG UT WOS:000359030900059 ER PT B AU Still, AL Ghajar, AJ O'Hern, TJ AF Still, A. L. Ghajar, A. J. O'Hern, T. J. GP ASME TI EFFECT OF AMPLITUDE ON MASS TRANSPORT, VOID FRACTION AND BUBBLE SIZE IN A VERTICALLY VIBRATING LIQUID-GAS BUBBLE COLUMN REACTOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2013, VOL 1C: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Incline Village, NV SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID 4-POINT OPTICAL PROBE; PERFORMANCE; ABSORPTION; EXCITEMENT; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; VELOCITY; RATES AB Two-phase and three-phase Bubble Column Reactors are used in many chemical, petroleum, and bio-systems processing applications such as the hydrogenation of coal slurry to produce synthetic fuels, during the Fischer-Tropsch process. Vertical vibration of a BCR has previously been shown to increase mass transfer, increase void fraction, decrease bubble size and establish interesting flow phenomena through kinetic buoyancy or "Bjerknes force". However, the effect of kinetic buoyancy on the flow field, mass transfer, and flow properties Rich as void fraction is not fully understood. While previous research has focused on the effect of vibration frequency (10 < f < 120 Hz) at low amplitudes, (A <2.5 mm) very little attention has been given to the effect of larger amplitudes. Therefore, a new experimental set up was designed, built, verified by comparison to previous research, and used to collect mass transfer, void fraction, and bubble size data at high amplitude (2.5 mm < A < 9.5 mm) over a frequency range of 7.5-22.5 Hz. Comparison of the results with previous research shows similar local maxima occurring for void fraction and mass transfer, but that an optimum amplitude may exist for mass transfer which is independent of frequency. Statistical analysis and comparison of the results with data from the literature suggests a stronger relationship may exist between kinetic buoyancy and mass transfer than previously theorized. C1 [Still, A. L.; Ghajar, A. J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [O'Hern, T. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ghajar, AJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM afshin.ghajar@okstate.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5556-0 PY 2014 AR V01CT17A004 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BD2PG UT WOS:000359030900004 ER PT B AU Bamberger, JA AF Bamberger, Judith Ann GP ASME TI CYCLIC CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS FOR CHARACTERIZING PULSATING FLOW SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2013, VOL 2: FORA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Incline Village, NV SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB Slurry mixed in vessels via pulse jet mixers has a periodic, rather than steady, concentration profile. Measurements of local concentration taken at the center of the tank at a range of elevations within the mixed region were analyzed to obtain a greater understanding of how the periodic pulse jet mixing cycle affects the local concentration. Data were obtained at the critical suspension velocity, when all solids are suspended at the end of the pulse. The data at a range of solids loadings are analyzed to observe the effect of solids concentration during the suspension and settling portions of the mixing cycle. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bamberger, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Judith.Bamberger@pnnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5558-4 PY 2014 AR V002T11A008 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BD2PH UT WOS:000359031300018 ER PT B AU Gao, J Chen, J Guildenbecher, DR Reu, PL AF Gao, Jian Chen, Jun Guildenbecher, Daniel R. Reu, Phillip L. GP ASME TI UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION OF THE HYBRID METHOD FOR PARTICLE FIELD MEASUREMENT USING DIGITAL IN-LINE HOLOGRAPHY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2013, VOL 2: FORA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Incline Village, NV SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID MICROSCOPY; VELOCITY; SPRAY; AMPLITUDE; SYSTEM; PLANE AB Digital in-line holography has been applied extensively to particle field measurement, where the particles can be the tracer particles for flow measurements, droplets in spray diagnostics, or aquatic microorganisms. The particle detection algorithm plays a key role in accurate detection of particle 3D locations and sizes. A hybrid method has recently been proposed for particle field measurement in digital in-line holography. It features automatic determination of the threshold for segmentation of the particle field and the capability to measure particles of arbitrary shapes. Using the hybrid method, the particle 3D location, size and shape information can be extracted. The uncertainty of the hybrid method is characterized using both synthetic and experimental holograms at different particle field conditions. The depth measurement uncertainty is within 2 times the particle diameter for a wide range of particle field conditions. C1 [Gao, Jian; Chen, Jun] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Guildenbecher, Daniel R.; Reu, Phillip L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM junchen@purdue.edu RI Gao, Jian/Q-6457-2016 OI Gao, Jian/0000-0003-3744-453X NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5558-4 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BD2PH UT WOS:000359031300020 ER PT B AU Gao, J Chen, J Guildenbecher, DR Reu, PL AF Gao, Jian Chen, Jun Guildenbecher, Daniel R. Reu, Phillip L. GP ASME TI UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION OF THE HYBRID METHOD FOR PARTICLE FIELD MEASUREMENT USING DIGITAL IN-LINE HOLOGRAPHY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2013, VOL 2: FORA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Incline Village, NV SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID JET AB Digital in-line holography has been applied extensively to particle field measurement, where the particles can be the tracer particles for flow measurements, droplets in spray diagnostics, or aquatic microorganisms. The particle detection algorithm plays a key role in accurate detection of particle 3D locations and sizes. A hybrid method has recently been proposed for particle field measurement in digital in-line holography. It features automatic determination of the threshold for segmentation of the particle field and the capability to measure particles of arbitrary shapes. Using the hybrid method, the particle 3D location, size and shape information can be extracted. The uncertainty of the hybrid method is characterized using both synthetic and experimental holograms at different particle field conditions. The depth measurement uncertainty is within 2 times the particle diameter for a wide range of particle field conditions. C1 [Gao, Jian; Chen, Jun] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Guildenbecher, Daniel R.; Reu, Phillip L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM junchen@purdue.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5558-4 PY 2014 AR V002T11A010 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BD2PH UT WOS:000359031300019 ER PT B AU Lane, WA Storlie, C Montgomery, C Ryan, EM AF Lane, William A. Storlie, Curtis Montgomery, Christopher Ryan, Emily M. GP ASME TI MODELING AND VALIDATION OF A LARGE SCALE, MULTIPHASE CARBON CAPTURE SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2013, VOL 2: FORA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Incline Village, NV SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div DE Fluidized beds; Hydrodynamics; Tube bundle; Carbon capture; CFD; Uncertainty quantification ID IMMERSED HORIZONTAL TUBES; BUBBLING FLUIDIZED-BEDS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; BEHAVIOR; PARTICLE; BUNDLE AB As the effects of climate change continue to rise with increasing carbon dioxide emission rates, it is imperative that we develop an efficient method for carbon capture. This paper outlines the framework used to break down a large, complex carbon capture system into smaller unit problems for model validation, and uncertainty quantification. We use this framework to investigate the uncertainty and sensitivity of the hydrodynamics of a bubbling fluidized bed. Using the open-source computational fluid dynamics code MFIX we simulate a bubbling fluidized bed with an immersed horizontal tube bank. Mesh resolution and statistical steady state studies are conducted to identify the optimal operating conditions. The preliminary results show good agreement with experimental data from literature. Employing statistical sampling and analysis techniques we designed a set of simulations to quantify the sensitivity of the model to model parameters that are difficult to measure, including: coefficients of restitution, friction angles, packed bed void fraction, and drag models. Initial sensitivity analysis results indicate that no parameters may be omitted. Further uncertainty quantification analysis is underway to investigate and quantify the effects of model parameters on the simulations results. C1 [Lane, William A.; Ryan, Emily M.] Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Storlie, Curtis] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Montgomery, Christopher] URS Corp, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Lane, WA (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5558-4 PY 2014 AR V002T06A006 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BD2PH UT WOS:000359031300006 ER PT B AU Wendel, M Abdou, A Riemer, B AF Wendel, Mark Abdou, Ashraf Riemer, Bernard GP ASME TI Choked-Flow Inlet Orifice Bubbler for Creating Small Bubbles in Mercury SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2013, VOL 2: FORA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Incline Village, NV SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID TARGET AB Pressure waves created in liquid mercury pulsed spallation targets like the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, induce cavitation damage on the target container. The cavitation damage is thought to limit the lifetime of the target for power levels at and above 1 MW. One way to mitigate the damage would be to absorb the pressure pulse energy into a dispersed population of small bubbles, however, creating a bubble size distribution that is sufficiently large and disperse in mercury is challenging due to the high surface tension. Also, measuring the population is complicated by the opacity and the high level of turbulent mixing. Recent advances in bubble diagnostics by batch sampling the mercury made it possible to compare bubble populations for different techniques in a SNS-1/20th scale test loop. More than 10 bubblers were tested and the most productive bubblers were taken for in-beam testing at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) WNR user facility. One bubbler design, referred to as the inlet-orifice bubbler, that showed moderate success in creating populations also has an added advantage that it could easily be included in the existing SNS full-scale mercury target configuration. Improvements to the bubbler were planned including a reduction of the nozzle size to choke the gas injection, thus steadying the injected mass flow and allowing multiple nozzles to work off of a common plenum. For the first time, reliable bubble population data are available in the prototypical target geometry and can be compared with populations that mitigated cavitation damage. This paper presents those experimental results. C1 [Wendel, Mark; Abdou, Ashraf; Riemer, Bernard] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wendel, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wendelmw@ornl.gov; abdouaa@ornl.gov; riemerbw@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5558-4 PY 2014 AR V002T06A001 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BD2PH UT WOS:000359031300001 ER PT B AU Cowart, J Raynes, M Hamilton, L Prak, DL Mehl, M Pitz, W AF Cowart, Jim Raynes, Michael Hamilton, Len Prak, Dianne Luning Mehl, Marco Pitz, William GP ASME TI AN EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING STUDY INTO USING NORMAL AND ISO CETANE FUEL BLENDS AS A SURROGATE FOR A HYDRO-PROCESSED RENEWABLE DIESEL (HRD) FUEL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2: NUMERICAL SIMULATION; ENGINE DESIGN, LUBRICATION, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY OCT 13-16, 2013 CL Dearborn, MI SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div ID THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; KEROSENE; MIXTURE; PREDICTION; OXIDATION; TENSION; DENSITY; ALKANES AB A new Hydro-processed Renewable Diesel (HRD) fuel is comprised of both straight chain and branched alkane fuel components. In an effort to find a research surrogate for this fuel, single cylinder engine testing was performed with various blends of n-hexadecane (cetane) and isocetane in order to find a binary surrogate mixture with similar performance characteristics to that of the HRD. A blend of approximately two-thirds n-hexadecane with one-third isocetane showed the most similar behavior based on conventional combustion metrics. Companion combustion modeling was then pursued using a combined detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for both n-hexadecane and isocetane. These modeling results show both the importance of isocetane in lengthening ignition delay, as well as the overall importance of chemical ignition delay as the dominating effect in the overall ignition delay of these binary blend fuels. C1 [Cowart, Jim; Raynes, Michael; Hamilton, Len; Prak, Dianne Luning] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Mehl, Marco; Pitz, William] LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. RP Cowart, J (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5610-9 PY 2014 AR UNSP V002T02A001 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BD2PD UT WOS:000359026600001 ER PT B AU Kalaskar, VB Szybist, JP Splitter, DA Pihl, JA Gao, ZM Daw, CS AF Kalaskar, Vickey B. Szybist, James P. Splitter, Derek A. Pihl, Josh A. Gao, Zhiming Daw, C. Stuart GP ASME TI IN-CYLINDER REACTION CHEMISTRY AND KINETICS DURING NEGATIVE VALVE OVERLAP FUEL INJECTION UNDER LOW-OXYGEN CONDITIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2: NUMERICAL SIMULATION; ENGINE DESIGN, LUBRICATION, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY OCT 13-16, 2013 CL Dearborn, MI SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div ID TEMPERATURE; COMBUSTION; OXIDATION AB Fuel injection into the negative valve overlap (NVO) period is a common method for controlling combustion phasing in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI). as well as other forms of advanced combustion. During this event, at least a portion of the fuel hydrocarbons can be converted to products containing significant levels of H-2 and CO, as well as other short chain hydrocarbons by means of thermal cracking, water-gas shift, and partial oxidation reactions, depending on the availability of oxygen and the time-temperature-pressure history. The resulting products alter the autoignition properties of the combined fuel mixture for HCCI. Fuel-rich chemistry in a partial oxidation environment is also relevant to other high efficiency engine concepts (e.g., the dedicated EGR (D-EGR) concept from SWRI). In this study, we used a unique 6-stroke engine cycle to experimentally investigate the chemistry of a range of fuels injected during NVO under low oxygen conditions. Fuels investigated included iso-octane, iso-butanol, ethanol, and methanol. Products from NVO chemistry were highly dependent on fuel type and injection timing, with isooctane producing less than 1.5% hydrogen and methanol producing more than 8%. We compare the experimental trends with CHEMXIN (single zone, 0-D model) predictions using multiple kinetic mechanisms available in the current literature. Our primary conclusion is that the kinetic mechanisms investigated are unable to accurately predict the magnitude and trends of major species we observed. C1 [Kalaskar, Vickey B.] Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Szybist, James P.; Splitter, Derek A.; Pihl, Josh A.; Gao, Zhiming; Daw, C. Stuart] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Kalaskar, VB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5610-9 PY 2014 AR V002T02A017 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BD2PD UT WOS:000359026600017 ER PT B AU Kavuri, C Singh, S Krishnan, SR Srinivasan, KK Ciatti, S AF Kavuri, Chaitanya Singh, Satbir Krishnan, Sundar Rajan Srinivasan, Kalyan Kumar Ciatti, Stephen GP ASME TI COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF COMBUSTION OF HIGH AND LOW CETANE FUELS IN A COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2: NUMERICAL SIMULATION; ENGINE DESIGN, LUBRICATION, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY OCT 13-16, 2013 CL Dearborn, MI SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div AB Past research has shown that combustion of low cetane fuels in CI engines results in higher fuel conversion efficiencies. However, when high-cetane fuels like diesel are substituted with low-cetane fuels like gasoline, the engine operation tends to suffer from high CO emissions at low loads and combustion noise at high loads. In this paper, we present a computational analysis of a light-duty CI engine operating on diesel, kerosene and gasoline. These fuels cover a range of cetane numbers from 46 for diesel to 25 for gasoline. Similar to experiments, the model predicted higher CO at low load operation with gasoline. Predictions of in-cylinder details were utilized to understand differences in combustion characteristics of the three fuels. The in-cylinder mass contours and the evolution of model predicted in-cylinder mixture in phi-T coordinates were then used to explain the emission trends. From the analysis, over-mixing due to early single injection was identified as the reason for high CO with low load gasoline Low Temperature Combustion (LTC). Additional simulations were performed by introducing techniques like cetane enhancement, adding hot EGR and variation of the injection scheme. Their effects on low load gasoline LTC were studied. Finally, it is shown that use of a dual pulse injection scheme with hot EGR helped to reduce the CO emissions for low load gasoline LTC while maintaining low NOx emissions. C1 [Kavuri, Chaitanya; Singh, Satbir] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Krishnan, Sundar Rajan; Srinivasan, Kalyan Kumar] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Ciatti, Stephen] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kavuri, C (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5610-9 PY 2014 AR V002T06A016 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BD2PD UT WOS:000359026600037 ER PT B AU Lawyer, K Wallner, T Ickes, A Miers, S Naber, J Ertl, D Williamson, R AF Lawyer, Kristina Wallner, Thomas Ickes, Andrew Miers, Scott Naber, Jeffrey Ertl, David Williamson, Rodney GP ASME TI ASSESSMENT OF COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGHER ALCOHOLS IN A DIRECT INJECTION SPARK IGNITION ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2: NUMERICAL SIMULATION; ENGINE DESIGN, LUBRICATION, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY OCT 13-16, 2013 CL Dearborn, MI SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div ID BLENDS AB The U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard requires an increase in the production of ethanol and advanced biofuels up to 36 billion gallons by 2022. Ethanol will be limited to 15 billion gallons, which leaves 21 billion gallons to come from other sources. Due to its high octane number, renewable character, and minimal toxicity, ethanol was believed to be one of the most favorable alternative fuels to displace gasoline in spark ignition engines. Replacing gasoline with ethanol results in a substantial reduction in vehicle range, and high ethanol content blends can cause material compatibility issues and require adaptive engine calibrations. In addition, ethanol is fully miscible in water which requires blending at distribution sites instead of the refinery. Higher carbon number alcohols, on the other hand, have a higher energy density and lower affinity for water than ethanol, which could mitigate some of the above mentioned issues. However, little information is available on the combustion characteristics of a majority of the longer-chain alcohols. This study evaluates the combustion properties of higher carbon number alcohols, ranging from ethanol (C2) to hexanol (C6) in a direct-injection, spark-ignition engine. Test fuels are created by splash blending alcohols at a volumetric concentration of 50% with a blendstock for oxygenate blending. Combustion characteristics are evaluated by comparing overall efficiencies as well as heat release characteristics and emissions for a set of representative steady-state operating points. Results suggest that combustion properties of blends of alcohols with carbon numbers from two to six are similar to those of the reference fuel at low and medium engine loads. Properties of blends of alcohols with carbon numbers from two to four are similar to those of the reference fuel even at high loads. However, due to their reduced knock resistance, the suitability of longer chain alcohols, specifically C5 and longer, as blending agents at increased levels is questionable. C1 [Lawyer, Kristina; Miers, Scott; Naber, Jeffrey] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wallner, Thomas; Ickes, Andrew] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ertl, David; Williamson, Rodney] Iowa Corn Growers Assoc, Johnston, IA USA. RP Lawyer, K (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5610-9 PY 2014 AR V002T02A008 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BD2PD UT WOS:000359026600008 ER PT B AU Seneca, PK Pomraning, E Xue, O Som, S Banerjee, S Hu, B Liu, K Deur, JM AF Seneca, P. K. Pomraning, E. Xue, O. Som, S. Banerjee, S. Hu, B. Liu, K. Deur, J. M. GP ASME TI LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF VAPORIZING SPRAYS CONSIDERING MULTI-INJECTION AVERAGING AND GRID-CONVERGENT MESH RESOLUTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2: NUMERICAL SIMULATION; ENGINE DESIGN, LUBRICATION, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY OCT 13-16, 2013 CL Dearborn, MI SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div AB A state-of-the-art spray modeling methodology, recently presented by Senecal et al. [1, 2], is applied to Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of vaporizing sprays. Simulations of non-combusting Spray A (n-dodecane fuel) from the Engine Combustion Network are performed. An Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) cell size of 0.0625 mm is utilized based on the accuracy/runtime tradeoff demonstrated by Senecal et al. [2]. In that work it was shown that grid convergence of key parameters for non-evaporating and evaporating sprays was achieved for cell sizes between 0.0625 and 0.125 mm using the Dynamic Structure LES model. The current work presents an extended and more thorough investigation of Spray A using multi-dimensional spray modeling and the Dynamic Structure LES model. Twenty different realizations are simulated by changing the random number seed used in the spray sub-models. Multi-realization (ensemble) averaging is shown to be necessary when comparing to local spray measurements of quantities such as mixture fraction and gas-phase velocity. Through a detailed analysis, recommendations are made regarding the minimum number of LES realizations required for accurate prediction of Diesel sprays. Finally, the effect of a spray primary breakup model constant on the results is assessed. C1 [Seneca, P. K.; Pomraning, E.] Convergent Sci Inc, Middleton, WI 53719 USA. [Xue, O.; Som, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Banerjee, S.; Hu, B.; Liu, K.; Deur, J. M.] Cummins Inc, Columbus, IN USA. RP Seneca, PK (reprint author), Convergent Sci Inc, Middleton, WI 53719 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5610-9 PY 2014 AR V002T06A009 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BD2PD UT WOS:000359026600030 ER PT B AU Senecal, PK Pomraning, E Anders, JW Weber, MR Gehrke, CR Polonowski, CJ Mueller, CJ AF Senecal, P. K. Pomraning, E. Anders, J. W. Weber, M. R. Gehrke, C. R. Polonowski, C. J. Mueller, C. J. GP ASME TI PREDICTIONS OF TRANSIENT FLAME LIFT-OFF LENGTH WITH COMPARISON TO SINGLE-CYLINDER OPTICAL ENGINE EXPERIMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2: NUMERICAL SIMULATION; ENGINE DESIGN, LUBRICATION, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY OCT 13-16, 2013 CL Dearborn, MI SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div AB A state-of-the-art, grid-convergent simulation methodology was applied to three-dimensional calculations of a single-cylinder optical engine. A mesh resolution study on a sector-based version of the engine geometry further verified the RANS-based cell size recommendations previously presented by Senecal et al. [1]. Convergence of cylinder pressure, flame lift-off length and emissions was achieved for an adaptive mesh refinement cell size of 0.35 mm. Full geometry simulations, using mesh settings derived from the grid convergence study, resulted in excellent agreement with measurements of cylinder pressure, heat release rate and NOx emissions. On the other hand, the full geometry simulations indicated that the flame lift-off length is not converged at 0.35 mm for jets not aligned with the computational mesh. Further simulations suggested that the flame lift-off lengths for both the non-aligned and aligned jets appear to be converged at 0.175 mm. With this increased mesh resolution, both the trends and magnitudes in flame lift-off length were well predicted with the current simulation methodology. Good agreement between the overall predicted flame behavior and the available chemiluminescence measurements was also achieved. The present study indicates that cell-size requirements for accurate prediction of full geometry flame lift-off lengths may be stricter than those for global combustion behavior. This may be important when accurate soot predictions are required. C1 [Senecal, P. K.; Pomraning, E.] Convergent Sci Inc, Middleton, WI 53719 USA. [Anders, J. W.; Weber, M. R.; Gehrke, C. R.] Caterpillar Inc, Peoria, IL 61629 USA. [Polonowski, C. J.; Mueller, C. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Senecal, PK (reprint author), Convergent Sci Inc, Middleton, WI 53719 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5610-9 PY 2014 AR V002T06A014 PG 25 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BD2PD UT WOS:000359026600035 ER PT B AU Som, S Wang, Z Liu, W Longman, DE AF Som, S. Wang, Z. Liu, W. Longman, D. E. GP ASME TI Comparison of Different Chemical Kinetic Models for Biodiesel Combustion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2: NUMERICAL SIMULATION; ENGINE DESIGN, LUBRICATION, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY OCT 13-16, 2013 CL Dearborn, MI SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div ID REACTION-MECHANISMS; FUELS; REDUCTION; OXIDATION; SURROGATE AB The current study compares the predictions by four different published mechanisms in literature which have been used for 3 dimensional compression ignition engine simulations. These four mechanisms use two different sets of surrogates: (a) methyl decanoate, methyl 9-decenoate, and n-heptane, (b) methyl butanoate and n-heptane. The mechanisms include: (1) 115 species and 460 reactions [1] using surrogate mixture (a); (2) 77 species and 209 reactions [2] using surrogate mixture (a); (3) 145 species and 869 reactions [3] using surrogate mixture (b); (4) 41 species and 150 reactions [4] using surrogate mixture (b). The different reduction techniques implemented to obtain the reduced mechanisms from the detailed mechanisms are briefly described. The surrogate mixture compositions are then modified to match the cetane number of the real biodiesel fuels. The experimental data for comparison include jet-stirred reactor data for species concentrations for biodiesel derived from rapeseed oil and 3 dimensional constant volume combustion data (for ignition, combustion, and emission characteristics), engine data (for pressure, heat release rate, and emission characteristics) for soyderived biodiesel. 0-D and 3-D constant volume simulations with all the mechanisms can capture the general experimental trends quite well. Large surrogate models and mechanisms tend to provide better predictions at the expense of increased computational costs. The 115 species and 460 reaction mechanism was observed to perform the best among the mechanisms in predicting the jet-stirred reactor and 3-D constant volume data. It was observed that all the mechanisms are able to qualitatively capture the engine performance and emission characteristics. C1 [Som, S.; Wang, Z.; Longman, D. E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Liu, W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Som, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5610-9 PY 2014 AR V002T02A004 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BD2PD UT WOS:000359026600004 ER PT B AU Worm, JJ McFarland, J Jehlik, F Dice, PW Miers, SA AF Worm, Jeremy J. McFarland, Jim Jehlik, Forrest Dice, Paul W. Miers, Scott A. GP ASME TI THE EFFECT OF SPARK PLUG ELECTRODE GEOMETRY ON COMBUSTION RATES IN A HIGH PERFORMANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2: NUMERICAL SIMULATION; ENGINE DESIGN, LUBRICATION, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY OCT 13-16, 2013 CL Dearborn, MI SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div DE Spark Plug; Combustion; Burn Rate; Mean Effective Pressure; High-Performance AB Spark plugs utilizing a 3-wire electrode are standard in most automotive engines and have been for decades. However, innumerable alternative spark plug designs have been introduced. This paper examines the potential benefit of one particular alternative electrode geometry in a high-performance automotive engine. The alternative spark plug that is investigated is a commercially available aftermarket unit. The testing included detailed analysis of both brake and indicated parameters including MEP and burn rates. Testing was conducted under both steady state and transient conditions, and encompassed multiple induction systems and test fuels including E85. The test engine was a commercially available high performance aftermarket engine assembly intended for motorsports. This paper includes the optimal settings for ignition timing and lambda and the process by which those values were determined. The combustion analysis shows the alternative spark plug electrode resulted in an increased early burn rate, which in turn lead to an overall advancing of the combustion phasing. To better decouple combustion phasing effects from test to test variation on brake output parameters, an empirical model is developed and exercised. The model describes the expected change in brake output resulting from the shift in combustion phasing induced by the alternative spark plug geometry. C1 [Worm, Jeremy J.; Dice, Paul W.; Miers, Scott A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [McFarland, Jim] McFarland Consulting, Automot Mech Engn, Lakeland, TN USA. [Jehlik, Forrest] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Powertrain Res Facil, Argonne, IL 60622 USA. RP Worm, JJ (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Mech Engn Engn Mech, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM jjworm@mtu.edu; fjehlik@anl.gov; samiers@mtu.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5610-9 PY 2014 AR V002T07A011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BD2PD UT WOS:000359026600050 ER PT B AU Zhao, HW Quan, SP Dai, MZ Pomraning, E Senecal, PK Xue, QL Battistoni, M Som, S AF Zhao, Hongwu Quan, Shaoping Dai, Meizhong Pomraning, Eric Senecal, P. K. Xue, Qingluan Battistoni, Michele Som, Sibendu GP ASME TI VALIDATION OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL INTERNAL NOZZLE FLOW MODEL INCLUDING AUTOMATIC MESH GENERATION AND CAVITATION EFFECTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2: NUMERICAL SIMULATION; ENGINE DESIGN, LUBRICATION, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY OCT 13-16, 2013 CL Dearborn, MI SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div AB Fuel injectors often experience cavitation due to regions of extremely low pressure. In this work, a cavitation modeling method is implemented in the CONVERGE CFD code to model the flow in fuel injectors. CONVERGE includes a Cartesian mesh based flow solver. In this solver, a Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method is used to simulate the multiphase flow. The cavitation model is based on a flash-boiling method with rapid heat transfer between the liquid and vapor phases. In this method, a homogeneous relaxation model is used to describe the rate at which the instantaneous quality, the mass fraction of vapor in a two-phase mixture, will tend towards its equilibrium value. The model is first validated with the nozzle flow case of Winklhofer by comparing the mass flow rate with experimentally measured values at different outlet pressures. The cavitation contour shape is also compared with the experimental observations. Flow in the Engine Combustion Network Spray-A nozzle configuration is simulated. The mesh dependency is also studied in this work followed by validation against discharge coefficient data. Finally, calculations of a five-hole injector, including moving needle effects, are compared to experimental measurements. C1 [Zhao, Hongwu; Quan, Shaoping; Dai, Meizhong; Pomraning, Eric; Senecal, P. K.] Convergent Sci Inc, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Xue, Qingluan; Battistoni, Michele; Som, Sibendu] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Battistoni, Michele] Univ Perugia, I-06125 Perugia, Italy. RP Zhao, HW (reprint author), Convergent Sci Inc, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM hongwu.zhao@convergecfd.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5610-9 PY 2014 AR V002T06A015 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BD2PD UT WOS:000359026600036 ER PT B AU Twyman, JS AF Twyman, Janet S. BE McSweeney, FK Murphy, ES TI Behavior Analysis in Education SO WILEY BLACKWELL HANDBOOK OF OPERANT AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; PRACTICE GAP; TEACHER; IMPLEMENTATION; REINFORCEMENT; TECHNOLOGY; SCHEDULES; PROGRAM; SUPPORT C1 [Twyman, Janet S.] Cambridge Ctr Behav Studies, Educ Grp, Cambridge, England. [Twyman, Janet S.] PEER Int, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. [Twyman, Janet S.] Assoc Behav Anal Int, Washington, DC USA. [Twyman, Janet S.] US DOE, Innovat & Technol, Natl Ctr Innovat Learning, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Twyman, JS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Shriver Ctr, Pediat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 227 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-46816-6; 978-1-118-46818-0 PY 2014 BP 533 EP 558 D2 10.1002/9781118468135 PG 26 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BC9NC UT WOS:000356628400023 ER PT J AU Widener, PM AF Widener, Patrick M. BE Ferrari, E Kaliappa, R Hung, P TI Data Fusion as an Enterprise Service SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SERVICES COMPUTING (SCC 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Conference on Services Computing (SCC) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2014 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Serv Soc AB We present our work-in-progress on making an analytic data fusion service, originally developed and deployed to support high-performance computing and cloud-based applications, available in a enterprise service-oriented architecture (SOA) environment. We posit that not only can SOA-based integration of research software be useful in enterprise business use cases, but also that providing ways to integrate domain-specific and enterprise data is beneficial. We describe use cases driving our work, our data fusion service and its analytic capabilities, and our integration efforts using an open-source enterprise service bus framework. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Widener, PM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM patrick.widener@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5066-9 PY 2014 BP 838 EP 839 DI 10.1109/SCC.2014.114 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD1WT UT WOS:000358444100107 ER PT B AU Qureshi, N Hodge, D Vertes, A AF Qureshi, Nasib Hodge, David Vertes, Alain BE Qureshi, N Hodge, DB Vertes, AA TI Biorefineries Integrated Biochemical Processes for Liquid Biofuels Preface SO BIOREFINERIES: INTEGRATED BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES FOR LIQUID BIOFUELS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Qureshi, Nasib] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioenergy Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Hodge, David] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hodge, David] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hodge, David] Michigan State Univ, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hodge, David] Lulea Univ Technol, Div Chem Engn, S-95187 Lulea, Sweden. [Vertes, Alain] London Business Sch, London NW1 4SA, England. [Vertes, Alain] NxR Biotechnol GmbH, Basel, Switzerland. [Vertes, Alain] Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, Kyoto, Japan. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioenergy Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-59504-1; 978-0-444-59498-3 PY 2014 BP XV EP XVI PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC8ZY UT WOS:000356183300001 ER PT S AU Bowyer, TTW AF Bowyer, Theodore (Ted) W. BE Corden, PS Hafemeister, D Zimmerman, P TI Xenon Monitoring and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty SO NUCLEAR WEAPON ISSUES IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Short Course on Nuclear Weapon Issues in the 21st Century CY NOV 02-03, 2013 CL George Washington Univ, Elliott Sch Int Relat, Washington, DC SP Amer Phys Soc, Forum Phys & Soc HO George Washington Univ, Elliott Sch Int Relat AB How do you monitor (verify) a CTBT? It is a difficult challenge to monitor the entire world for nuclear tests, regardless of size. Nuclear tests "normally" occur underground, above ground or underwater. Setting aside very small tests (let's limit our thinking to 1 kiloton or more), nuclear tests shake the ground, emit large amounts of radioactivity, and make loud noises if in the atmosphere (or hydroacoustic waves if underwater). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Nucl Explos Monitoring Program, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bowyer, TTW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Nucl Explos Monitoring Program, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1230-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1596 BP 96 EP 104 DI 10.1063/1.4876459 PG 9 WC International Relations; Nuclear Science & Technology SC International Relations; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC7JY UT WOS:000354957700012 ER PT S AU Zucca, JJ AF Zucca, J. J. BE Corden, PS Hafemeister, D Zimmerman, P TI CTBT On-Site Inspections SO NUCLEAR WEAPON ISSUES IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Short Course on Nuclear Weapon Issues in the 21st Century CY NOV 02-03, 2013 CL George Washington Univ, Elliott Sch Int Relat, Washington, DC SP Amer Phys Soc, Forum Phys & Soc HO George Washington Univ, Elliott Sch Int Relat AB On-site inspection (OSI) is a critical part of the verification regime for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The OSI verification regime provides for international inspectors to make a suite of measurements and observations on site at the location of an event of interest. The other critical component of the verification regime is the International Monitoring System (IMS), which is a globally distributed network of monitoring stations. The IMS along with technical monitoring data from CTBT member countries, as appropriate, will be used to trigger an OSI. After the decision is made to carry out an OSI, it is important for the inspectors to deploy to the field site rapidly to be able to detect short-lived phenomena such as the aftershocks that may be observable after an underground nuclear explosion. The inspectors will be on site from weeks to months and will be working with many tens of tons of equipment. Parts of the OSI regime will be tested in a field exercise in the country of Jordan late in 2014. The build-up of the OSI regime has been proceeding steadily since the CTBT was signed in 1996 and is on track to becoming a deterrent to someone considering conducting a nuclear explosion in violation of the Treaty. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Global Secur Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zucca, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Global Secur Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1230-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1596 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1063/1.4876460 PG 10 WC International Relations; Nuclear Science & Technology SC International Relations; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC7JY UT WOS:000354957700013 ER PT S AU Wilkening, DA AF Wilkening, Dean A. BE Corden, PS Hafemeister, D Zimmerman, P TI The National Research Council Study: "Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense" SO NUCLEAR WEAPON ISSUES IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Short Course on Nuclear Weapon Issues in the 21st Century CY NOV 02-03, 2013 CL George Washington Univ, Elliott Sch Int Relat, Washington, DC SP Amer Phys Soc, Forum Phys & Soc HO George Washington Univ, Elliott Sch Int Relat DE ballistic missile defense; boost-phase; midcourse; X-band radar; kinetic kill vehicle; ground-based midcourse defense; European Phased Adaptive Approach AB This chapter explains and summarizes the main findings of a recent National Research Council study entitled Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense: An Assessment of Concepts and Systems for U.S. Boost-Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilkening, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1230-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1596 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1063/1.4876462 PG 12 WC International Relations; Nuclear Science & Technology SC International Relations; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC7JY UT WOS:000354957700015 ER PT S AU Pregenzer, AL AF Pregenzer, Arian L. BE Corden, PS Hafemeister, D Zimmerman, P TI Evolution and Resilience of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime SO NUCLEAR WEAPON ISSUES IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Short Course on Nuclear Weapon Issues in the 21st Century CY NOV 02-03, 2013 CL George Washington Univ, Elliott Sch Int Relat, Washington, DC SP Amer Phys Soc, Forum Phys & Soc HO George Washington Univ, Elliott Sch Int Relat DE Nuclear; nonproliferation; resilience AB This paper introduces the concept of systems resilience as a new framework for thinking about the future of the nonproliferation regime. Resilience refers to the ability of a system to maintain its vital functions in the face of continuous and unpredictable change. First, I make the case that the nonproliferation regime can be viewed as a complex system. Next, I discuss key themes from the literature on systems resilience and apply them to the nonproliferation system: the difference between resilience and stability; the need for evolution to maintain function; the importance of functional diversity; and the concept of the adaptive cycle. I show that most existing nonproliferation strategies are aimed at stability rather than resilience and that the current nonproliferation system may be over-constrained by the cumulative evolution of strategies. According to the literature on systems resilience, this increases its vulnerability to collapse. I argue that the resilience of the nonproliferation system can be enhanced by increasing international participation in setting the nonproliferation agenda, developing general international response capabilities, focusing on non-coercive approaches to decreasing demand, and applying systems thinking more rigorously to nonproliferation. C1 [Pregenzer, Arian L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1230-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1596 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1063/1.4876464 PG 8 WC International Relations; Nuclear Science & Technology SC International Relations; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC7JY UT WOS:000354957700018 ER PT S AU Satkowiak, L AF Satkowiak, Lawrence BE Corden, PS Hafemeister, D Zimmerman, P TI Technical Solutions to Nonproliferation Challenges SO NUCLEAR WEAPON ISSUES IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Short Course on Nuclear Weapon Issues in the 21st Century CY NOV 02-03, 2013 CL George Washington Univ, Elliott Sch Int Relat, Washington, DC SP Amer Phys Soc, Forum Phys & Soc HO George Washington Univ, Elliott Sch Int Relat AB The threat of nuclear terrorism is real and poses a significant challenge to both U.S. and global security. For terrorists, the challenge is not so much the actual design of an improvised nuclear device (IND) but more the acquisition of the special nuclear material (SNM), either highly enriched uranium (HEU) or plutonium, to make the fission weapon. This paper provides two examples of technical solutions that were developed in support of the nonproliferation objective of reducing the opportunity for acquisition of HEU. The first example reviews technologies used to monitor centrifuge enrichment plants to determine if there is any diversion of uranium materials or misuse of facilities to produce undeclared product. The discussion begins with a brief overview of the basics of uranium processing and enrichment. The role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), its safeguard objectives and how the technology evolved to meet those objectives will be described. The second example focuses on technologies developed and deployed to monitor the blend down of 500 metric tons of HEU from Russia's dismantled nuclear weapons to reactor fuel or low enriched uranium (LEU) under the U.S.-Russia HEU Purchase Agreement. This reactor fuel was then purchased by U.S. fuel fabricators and provided about half the fuel for the domestic power reactors. The Department of Energy established the HEU Transparency Program to provide confidence that weapons usable HEU was being blended down and thus removed from any potential theft scenario. Two measurement technologies, an enrichment meter and a flow monitor, were combined into an automated blend down monitoring system (BDMS) and were deployed to four sites in Russia to provide 24/7 monitoring of the blend down. Data was downloaded and analyzed periodically by inspectors to provide the assurances required. C1 [Satkowiak, Lawrence] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nonproliferat Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Satkowiak, Lawrence] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Safeguards Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Satkowiak, Lawrence] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Secur Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Satkowiak, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nonproliferat Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1230-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1596 BP 180 EP 193 DI 10.1063/1.4876468 PG 14 WC International Relations; Nuclear Science & Technology SC International Relations; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC7JY UT WOS:000354957700022 ER PT S AU Stern, WM AF Stern, Warren M. BE Corden, PS Hafemeister, D Zimmerman, P TI Revolution in Nuclear Detection Affairs SO NUCLEAR WEAPON ISSUES IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Short Course on Nuclear Weapon Issues in the 21st Century CY NOV 02-03, 2013 CL George Washington Univ, Elliott Sch Int Relat, Washington, DC SP Amer Phys Soc, Forum Phys & Soc HO George Washington Univ, Elliott Sch Int Relat AB The detection of nuclear or radioactive materials for homeland or national security purposes is inherently difficult. This is one reason detection efforts must be seen as just one part of an overall nuclear defense strategy which includes, inter alia, material security, detection, interdiction, consequence management and recovery. Nevertheless, one could argue that there has been a revolution in detection affairs in the past several decades as the innovative application of new technology has changed the character and conduct of detection operations. This revolution will likely be most effectively reinforced in the coming decades with the networking of detectors and innovative application of anomaly detection algorithms. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stern, WM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1230-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1596 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1063/1.4876472 PG 6 WC International Relations; Nuclear Science & Technology SC International Relations; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC7JY UT WOS:000354957700027 ER PT J AU Beilicke, M Cowsik, R Dowkontt, P Guo, Q Kislat, F Krawczynski, H Barthelmy, S Okajima, T Mitchell, JW Schnittman, J Zeiger, B De Geronimo, G Baring, MG Bodaghee, A Miyazawa, T AF Beilicke, Matthias Cowsik, R. Dowkontt, P. Guo, Q. Kislat, F. Krawczynski, H. Barthelmy, S. Okajima, T. Mitchell, J. W. Schnittman, J. Zeiger, B. De Geronimo, G. Baring, M. G. Bodaghee, A. Miyazawa, T. GP IEEE TI Design and tests of the hard X-ray polarimeter X-Calibur SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID ACCRETING BLACK-HOLES; RELATIVISTIC JETS; POLARIZATION; EMISSION; RADIATION; GRAVITY AB X-ray polarimetry promises to give qualitatively new information about high-energy astrophysical sources, such as binary black hole systems, micro-quasars, active galactic nuclei, and gamma-ray bursts. We designed, built and tested a hard X-ray polarimeter, X-Calibur, to be used in the focal plane of the balloon-borne InFOCuS grazing incidence hard X-ray telescope. X-Calibur combines a low-Z Compton scatterer with a CZT detector assembly to measure the polarization of 20-60 ke V X-rays making use of the fact that polarized photons Compton scatter preferentially perpendicular to the electric field orientation. The X-Cali bur detector assembly is completed, tested, and calibrated; a first flight is scheduled from Ft. Sumner, NM, in fall 2014. In principal, a similar space-borne experiment could be operated in the 5-100 keV regime. X-Cali bur achieves a high detection efficiency of order unity. C1 [Beilicke, Matthias; Cowsik, R.; Dowkontt, P.; Guo, Q.; Kislat, F.; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Beilicke, Matthias; Cowsik, R.; Dowkontt, P.; Guo, Q.; Kislat, F.; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Barthelmy, S.; Okajima, T.; Mitchell, J. W.; Schnittman, J.; Zeiger, B.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [De Geronimo, G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bodaghee, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Miyazawa, T.] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Beilicke, M (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM beilicke@physics.wustl.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101049 ER PT J AU Hughart, DR Lohn, AJ Mickel, PR Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR Silva, AI Bielejec, E Vizkelethy, G Doyle, BL Marshall, MT McLain, ML Marinella, MJ Dalton, SM AF Hughart, D. R. Lohn, A. J. Mickel, P. R. Dodd, P. E. Shaneyfelt, M. R. Silva, A. I. Bielejec, E. Vizkelethy, G. Doyle, B. L. Marshall, M. T. McLain, M. L. Marinella, M. J. Dalton, S. M. GP IEEE TI Radiation-Induced Resistance Changes in TaOx and TiO2 Memristors SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS; HARDNESS; MEMORY AB TaOx and TiO2 memristors have been irradiated with 800 keY Ta ions, 28 MeV Si ions, and 10 keY X-rays. TaOx devices were also irradiated with 70 keY electrons. Displacement damage effects are studied using 800 keY Ta ions and both technologies show changes in resistance for fluences greater than 10(10) cm(-2). TaOx devices show gradual resistance degradation in the off-state with increasing fluence. TiO2 devices show gradual inconsistent increases in off-state resistance with inconsistent abrupt decreases. TaOx devices show more stability and consistent off-state resistances than TiO2 devices. Ionization effects are investigated using 28 MeV Si ions, 70 keY electrons, and 10 keY X-rays. During 28 MeV Si irradiation, both technologies change from the off-state to the on-state when a critical ionizing dose is reached without applying voltage or current to the device. The critical threshold is calculated using SRIM to be on the order of 60 Mrad(Si) or higher. 10 keY X-ray irradiation of doses up to 18 Mrad(Si) per step show little effect on either technology. A single TaOx device irradiated with 70 keY electrons changed from the off-state to the on-state at a calculated dose on the order of 100 krad(Si), suggesting a difference in charge yield compared to the 28 MeV Si irradiation. C1 [Hughart, D. R.; Lohn, A. J.; Mickel, P. R.; Dodd, P. E.; Shaneyfelt, M. R.; Silva, A. I.; Bielejec, E.; Vizkelethy, G.; Doyle, B. L.; Marshall, M. T.; McLain, M. L.; Marinella, M. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Dalton, S. M.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Hughart, DR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM dhughar@sandia.gov; mmarine@sandia.gov; sdalton4@alaska.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103059 ER PT J AU Matchen, TD Nadler, BR AF Matchen, Timothy D. Nadler, Brett R. GP IEEE TI Image-Based Target Tracking Using Least-Squares Trajectory Estimation without A Priori Knowledge SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Accurate object tracking has become increasingly important with developments in Lidar and high-resolution camera systems for remote surveillance. Typical methods utilize Markov Chain state estimation paired with Kalman or particle filters. These methods, however, are susceptible to loss of track if an error is encountered or a loss of image occurs. We developed a set of algorithms built on more recent efforts that have been aimed at reconstructing the three-dimensional trajectory of the object. These methods typically require a priori information about the target being tracked when using a single camera. We attempt to accomplish trajectory reconstruction without information about the system beyond a known camera matrix. Using feature locations extracted from a series of images combined with the associated camera matrices, we generate a linear system of equations relating the image coordinates in two-dimensional projective space to the real-world three-dimensional coordinates. We use this system of equations to generate a least-squares polynomial fit for the data. The resulting system of equations successfully recovers polynomial equations of motion and outperforms Taylor approximations of equal degree outside of the convergent region. Introducing translational errors causes the error-minimizing angle combination to differ from the single most likely analytic angle combination. We employ a mean-approximating method to generate an adjusted angular value and demonstrate this represents an improvement in accuracy over the analytic solution. C1 [Matchen, Timothy D.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Nadler, Brett R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Instrument Realizat Intelligence & Space Re, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Matchen, TD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM tmatchen@princeton.edu; bnadler@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103019 ER PT J AU McCrae, JE Fiorino, ST AF McCrae, Jack E., Jr. Fiorino, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Simulation of Deep Turbulence Compensation for a Laser Phased Array SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID FIBER COLLIMATORS; BEAM PROJECTION; ADAPTIVE ARRAY AB The performance of a 127 element phased array laser system is simulated for the case of an extended target in the presence of strong atmospheric turbulence. The phases of the individual sub-apertures of a phased array laser system can be controlled to compensate for the beam quality degradation caused by atmospheric turbulence. This is done by setting the phases of the sub-apertures to the conjugate of the phase received from a beacon located at the target. As the level of turbulence increases, the ability of an adaptive optics system to correct for turbulence decreases; the quality of this compensation decreases due to increases in both scintillation and fitting error. In the case where the laser system itself is used to create the beacon on an extended target, the quality of the beacon produced is also degraded by this atmospheric turbulence and this further impacts the quality of the compensation. This study simulates a 10 km tactical engagement to quantify the performance impacts due to turbulence, and the portion of this impact due to the inability of the system to form a perfect beacon in these conditions. Performance is measured by both Strehl ratio and power delivered within a near diffraction limited circle. Results are presented comparing uncompensated, compensated with a perfect beacon, and compensated with simulated beacon cases as the level of turbulence increases. C1 [McCrae, Jack E., Jr.; Fiorino, Steven T.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McCrae, Jack E., Jr.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP McCrae, JE (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jack.mccrae.ctr@afit.edu; steven.fiorino@afit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102093 ER PT J AU McLain, M Hughart, D Hanson, D Marinella, M AF McLain, Michael Hughart, David Hanson, Don Marinella, Matt GP IEEE TI Effects of Ionizing Radiation on TaOx-based Memristive Devices SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS; MEMORIES AB This paper evaluates the effects of ionizing radiation on tantalum oxide (TaOx) memristors. The data obtained from Co-60 gamma ray and 10 keV X-ray ionizing radiation experiments indicate that it is possible for the devices to switch from a high resistance off-state to a low resistance on-state after a total ionizing dose (TID) step stress threshold has been surpassed. During irradiation, the devices were floating, grounded, or biased with a 1 Hz square wave with an amplitude of +/- 100 mV. While floating the terminals is not a typical bias condition within a circuit, it is speculated that this condition might be worst-case because of the lack of a discharge path. If a read measurement is performed prior to reaching the charge threshold, the devices 'reset' back to a pre-irradiation state. This suggests that the devices do not have a cumulative TID effect. However, it was observed that having a continuous bias on the device during the TID exposure did not always have the same effect. The TID threshold level at which the devices switch resistance states varies from device to device; the enhanced susceptibility observed in some devices is still under investigation. After a radiation-induced resistance change, all of the devices could be reset and still functioned properly. When the devices were set into a low resistance on-state prior to irradiation, there was not a significant variation in the resistance post-irradiation (i.e., the devices were still in the on-state). Overall, the memristor TID performance is promising and could potentially enable the discovery of a radiation-hardened nonvolatile memory technology to be used in space and aerospace applications. C1 [McLain, Michael; Hughart, David; Hanson, Don; Marinella, Matt] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McLain, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1167, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mlmclai@sandia.gov; dhughar@sandia.gov; djhanso@sandia.gov; mmarine@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103095 ER PT J AU Morrison, JL Christophersen, JP Morrison, WH AF Morrison, John L. Christophersen, Jon P. Morrison, William H. GP IEEE TI Universal Auto-Calibration For A Rapid Battery Impedance Spectrum Measurement Device SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has been shown to be a valuable tool for diagnostics and prognostics of energy storage devices such as batteries and ultra-capacitors. Although measurements have been typically confined to laboratory environments, rapid impedance spectrum measurement techniques have been developed for on-line, embedded applications as well. The prototype hardware for the rapid technique has been validated using lithium-ion batteries, but issues with calibration had also been identified. A new, universal automatic calibration technique was developed to address the identified issues while also enabling a more simplified approach. A single, broad-frequency range is used to calibrate the system and then scaled to the actual range and conditions used when measuring a device under test. The range used for calibration must be broad relative to the expected measurement conditions for the scaling to be successful. Validation studies were performed by comparing the universal calibration approach with data acquired from targeted calibration ranges based on the expected range of performance for the device under test. First, a mid-level shunt range was used for calibration and used to measure devices with lower and higher impedance. Next, a high-excitation current level was used for calibration, followed by measurements using lower currents. Finally, calibration was performed over a wide frequency range and used to measure test articles with a lower set of frequencies. In all cases, the universal calibration approach compared very well with results acquired following a targeted calibration. Additionally, the shunts used for the automated calibration technique were successfully characterized such that the rapid impedance measurements compare very well with laboratory-scale measurements. These data indicate that the universal approach can be successfully used for on board rapid impedance spectra measurements for a broad set of test devices and range of measurement conditions. C1 [Morrison, John L.; Morrison, William H.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Christophersen, Jon P.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Morrison, JL (reprint author), Montana Tech Univ Montana, Butte, MT 59701 USA. EM jmorrison@mtech.edu; jon.christophersen@inl.gov; whmorrison@mtech.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100017 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Scope SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000002 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Application Areas SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 9 EP 24 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000003 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Introduction to Reversible Computing Preface SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP XIX EP + PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000001 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Reversible Computing Spectrum SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000004 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Systems and Principles SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 33 EP 48 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000005 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Reversibility-Related Paradoxes SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 49 EP 69 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000006 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Theoretical Computing Models SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 71 EP 89 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000007 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Relaxing Forward-Only Execution into Reversible Execution SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 91 EP 99 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000008 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Reversible Programming Languages SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 103 EP 126 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000009 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Adding Reversibility to Irreversible Programs SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 127 EP 146 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000010 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Reverse C Compiler SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 147 EP 176 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000011 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Reversal of Linear Codes SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 177 EP 186 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000012 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Reversible Random Number Generation SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 187 EP 206 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000013 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Reversible Memory Allocation and Deallocation SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000014 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Reversible Numerical Computation SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 213 EP 240 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000015 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Reversing a Sorting Procedure SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 241 EP 242 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000016 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Implementing Undo-Redo-Do SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000017 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Reversible Logic Gates SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 251 EP 260 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000018 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Reversible Instruction Set Architectures SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 261 EP 271 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000019 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. BA Perumalla, KS BF Perumalla, KS TI Future Directions SO INTRODUCTION TO REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-7341-0; 978-1-4398-7340-3 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2014 BP 275 EP 278 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8SU UT WOS:000356065000020 ER PT B AU Xiong, H Brown, JB Boley, N Bickel, PJ Huang, HY AF Xiong, Hao Brown, James Bentley Boley, Nathan Bickel, Peter J. Huang, Haiyan BE Datta, S Nettleton, D TI DE-FPCA: Testing Gene Differential Expression and Exon Usage Through Functional Principal Component Analysis SO STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING DATA SE Frontiers in Probability and the Statistical Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RNA-SEQ DATA; NONUNIFORM READ DISTRIBUTION; SEQUENCE COUNT DATA; ISOFORM EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; DROSOPHILA; NORMALIZATION; QUANTIFICATION; IMPROVE; PACKAGE AB RNA-seq, next-generation sequencing (NGS) applied to RNA, is rapidly becoming the platform of choice for gene expression profiling. Existing methods, mostly parametric, describe the expression level of a gene or transcript by a single number that summarizes all reads mapped to that gene or transcript. However, assay noise often makes such parametric models unwieldy, non-intuitive, and difficult to implement. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a nonparametric approach, based on functional principal component analysis (FPCA), to differential expression estimation. Our approach, named DE-FPCA, represents the expression profile of a gene by a random curve, which is modeled as a linear combination of orthogonal functional principal components (FPCs), and tests differential expression between two groups of samples using a statistic defined by the FPC scores. We applied our method to 26 RNA-seq samples collected in Drosophila melanogaster. This application demonstrates that our new FPCA-based test statistic has substantial power to detect differential usage of exons and isoforms, in addition to gene-level differential expression, and is robust to random fluctuations in the RNA-seq data. C1 [Xiong, Hao] Univ Washington, Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brown, James Bentley] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genome Dynam, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boley, Nathan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bickel, Peter J.; Huang, Haiyan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huang, HY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM haoxiong@uw.edu; benofberkeley@gmail.com; npboley@gmail.com; bickel@stat.berkeley.edu; hhuang@stat.berkeley.edu NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-319-07212-8; 978-3-319-07211-1 J9 FRONT PROBAB STAT SC PY 2014 BP 129 EP 143 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-07212-8_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-07212-8 PG 15 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA BD1IJ UT WOS:000358056800008 ER PT B AU Fulvio, PF Gorka, J Mayes, RT Dai, S AF Fulvio, Pasquale F. Gorka, Joanna Mayes, Richard T. Dai, Sheng BE Gogotsi, Y Presser, V TI Templated and Ordered Mesoporous Carbons SO CARBON NANOMATERIALS, 2ND EDITION SE Advanced Materials and Technologies Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PPO-PEO-PPO; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; AREA MICROPOROUS CARBON; GRAPHITIC PORE WALLS; SURFACE-AREA; TRIBLOCK-COPOLYMER; COLLOIDAL SILICA; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; POROUS CARBON C1 [Fulvio, Pasquale F.; Gorka, Joanna; Mayes, Richard T.; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Fulvio, Pasquale F.; Gorka, Joanna; Mayes, Richard T.; Dai, Sheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Fulvio, PF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 154 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-0242-0; 978-1-4398-9781-2 J9 ADV MAT TECH SER PY 2014 BP 331 EP 353 PG 23 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC8CL UT WOS:000355545500013 ER PT B AU Secchi, S Tumeo, A Villa, O AF Secchi, Simone Tumeo, Antonino Villa, Oreste BE Rajasekaran, S Fiondella, L Ahmed, M Ammar, RA TI The SPARC Processor Architecture SO MULTICORE COMPUTING: ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND APPLICATIONS SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computer and Information Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Secchi, Simone] Univ Cagliari, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. [Tumeo, Antonino] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Villa, Oreste] NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA USA. RP Secchi, S (reprint author), Univ Cagliari, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5435-8; 978-1-4398-5434-1 J9 CH CRC COMP INFO SCI PY 2014 BP 73 EP 90 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC6LE UT WOS:000354053000004 ER PT B AU Kurzak, J Luszczek, P YarKhan, A Faverge, M Langou, J Bouwmeester, H Dongarra, J AF Kurzak, Jakub Luszczek, Piotr YarKhan, Asim Faverge, Mathieu Langou, Julien Bouwmeester, Henricus Dongarra, Jack BE Rajasekaran, S Fiondella, L Ahmed, M Ammar, RA TI Multithreading in the PLASMA Library SO MULTICORE COMPUTING: ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND APPLICATIONS SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computer and Information Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kurzak, Jakub] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Luszczek, Piotr; Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [YarKhan, Asim] Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Labs, Knoxville, TN USA. [Faverge, Mathieu] Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. [Langou, Julien] Univ Colorado, Dept Math & Stat Sci, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Bouwmeester, Henricus] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Kurzak, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5435-8; 978-1-4398-5434-1 J9 CH CRC COMP INFO SCI PY 2014 BP 119 EP 141 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC6LE UT WOS:000354053000006 ER PT B AU Tumeo, A Villa, O Secchi, S Chavarria-Miranda, D AF Tumeo, Antonino Villa, Oreste Secchi, Simone Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel BE Rajasekaran, S Fiondella, L Ahmed, M Ammar, RA TI Efficient Aho-Corasick String Matching on Emerging Multicore Architectures SO MULTICORE COMPUTING: ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND APPLICATIONS SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computer and Information Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tumeo, Antonino] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Villa, Oreste] NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Secchi, Simone] Univ Cagliari, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. [Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel] Pacific NW Natl Lab, High Performance Comp Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tumeo, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5435-8; 978-1-4398-5434-1 J9 CH CRC COMP INFO SCI PY 2014 BP 143 EP 170 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC6LE UT WOS:000354053000007 ER PT B AU Cowan, SR Banerji, N AF Cowan, Sarah R. Banerji, Natalie BE Rand, BP Richter, H TI Spectroscopy of Charge-Carrier Dynamics-From Generation to Collection SO ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS: FUNDAMENTALS, DEVICES, AND UPSCALING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; POLYFLUORENE COPOLYMER/FULLERENE BLENDS; PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; NANOSCALE PHASE-SEPARATION; LIGHT-INTENSITY DEPENDENCE; ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; PI-CONJUGATED POLYMERS; EXCITON DYNAMICS; ULTRAFAST SPECTROSCOPY AB A fundamental understanding of the physical processes, which contribute to efficient mobile carrier generation and transport in organic solar cells, remains under debate. We explore the role that spectroscopic and electrical techniques have played in understanding the processes relevant to photogeneration of charge carriers and the interplay between recombination and collection of photogenerated charge carriers. An inexhaustive survey of the way in which sets of measurement techniques complement each other or have presented conflicting sets of data on the same materials systems, and continue to shape popular perception of photovoltaic current generation in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) systems is presented. C1 [Cowan, Sarah R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Banerji, Natalie] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, EPFL SB ISIC GR MO, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Cowan, SR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sarah.cowan@nrel.gov; natalie.banerji@epfl.ch NR 145 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4463-66-9; 978-981-4463-65-2 PY 2014 BP 429 EP 495 D2 10.1201/b17301 PG 67 WC Chemistry, Organic; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BC8AK UT WOS:000355470800010 ER PT S AU Kim, H Correa, CD Max, N AF Kim, Hyojin Correa, Carlos D. Max, Nelson GP IEEE TI Automatic Registration of LiDAR and Optical Imagery using Depth Map Stereo SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY (ICCP) SE IEEE International Conference on Computational Photography LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Conference on Computational Photography (ICCP) CY MAY 02-04, 2014 CL Santa Clara, CA SP IEEE ID LARGE-SCALE; GEOMETRY; SCENES; 3D AB Automatic fusion of aerial optical imagery and untextured LiDAR data has been of significant interest for generating photo-realistic 3D urban models in recent years. However, unsupervised, robust registration still remains a challenge. This paper presents a new registration method that does not require priori knowledge such as GPS/INS information. The proposed algorithm is based on feature correspondence between a LiDAR depth map and a depth map from an optical image. Each optical depth map is generated from edge-preserving dense correspondence between the image and another optical image, followed by ground plane estimation and alignment for depth consistency. Our two-pass RANSAC with Maximum Likelihood estimation incorporates 2D-2D and 2D-3D correspondences to yield robust camera pose estimation. Experiments with a LiDAR-optical imagery dataset show promising results, without using initial pose information. C1 [Kim, Hyojin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Max, Nelson] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kim63@llnl.gov; cdcorrea@google.com; max@cs.ucdavis.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-9774 BN 978-1-4799-5188-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF COMPUT PY 2014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC9JO UT WOS:000356494100023 ER PT B AU Jacobson, JJ Cafferty, KG AF Jacobson, Jacob J. Cafferty, Kara G. BE Karlen, DL TI Technologies for Production of Heat and Electricity SO CELLULOSIC ENERGY CROPPING SYSTEMS SE Wiley Series in Renewable Resources LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION; BIOMASS C1 [Jacobson, Jacob J.; Cafferty, Kara G.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Jacobson, JJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-67633-2; 978-1-119-99194-6 J9 WILEY SER RENEW RESO PY 2014 BP 31 EP 41 D2 10.1002/9781118676332 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD0BM UT WOS:000357034400006 ER PT B AU Karlen, DL Galdos, MV Rabelo, SC Franco, HCJ Bonomi, A Li, JH Li, SZ Tumuluru, JS Ovard, L AF Karlen, Douglas L. Galdos, Marcelo Valadares Rabelo, Sarita Candida Junqueira Franco, Henrique Continho Bonomi, Antonio Li, Jihong Li, Shi-Zhong Tumuluru, Jaya Shankar Ovard, Leslie BE Karlen, DL TI Selected Global Examples of Cellulosic Cropping System Trends SO CELLULOSIC ENERGY CROPPING SYSTEMS SE Wiley Series in Renewable Resources LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; SWEET SORGHUM; CHINA; CHALLENGES; FEEDSTOCK; INDIA C1 [Karlen, Douglas L.] ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, USDA, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Galdos, Marcelo Valadares; Rabelo, Sarita Candida; Junqueira Franco, Henrique Continho; Bonomi, Antonio] Brazilian Ctr Res Energy & Mat CNPEM, Brazilian Bioethanol Sci & Technol Lab CTBE, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Li, Jihong; Li, Shi-Zhong] Tsinghua Univ, Inst New Energy Technol, MOST USDA Joint Res Ctr Biofuels, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Tumuluru, Jaya Shankar; Ovard, Leslie] Idaho Natl Lab, Biofuels & Renewable Energy Technol, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, USDA, Houma, LA 70360 USA. OI Rabelo, Sarita/0000-0002-3153-7674 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-67633-2; 978-1-119-99194-6 J9 WILEY SER RENEW RESO PY 2014 BP 345 EP 363 D2 10.1002/9781118676332 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD0BM UT WOS:000357034400022 ER PT S AU Sekhar, PK Zhou, J Hamblin, ER Brosha, EL AF Sekhar, P. K. Zhou, Jie Hamblin, E. R. Brosha, E. L. BE Aguilar, ZP Hesketh, PJ Carter, MT Li, J Kreller, CR Hunter, G Sekhar, PK Nagahara, L Simonian, A Vanysek, P Wu, N Chin, B Mitra, S StefanVanStaden, R Khosla, A TI Trace Detection of 2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene Using Electrochemical Gas Sensors SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSORS 11 -AND- MEMS-NEMS 11 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Chemical Sensors 11 - Chemical and Biological Sensors and Analytical Systems and Microfabricated and Nanofabricated Systems for MEMS/NEMS 11, held during the 226th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Sensor Div, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; TNT; TRINITROTOLUENE AB In this article, selective and sensitive detection of trace amounts of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is demonstrated. The screening system is based on a sampling/concentrator front end and electrochemical potentiometric gas sensors as the detector. Preferential hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide(s) mixed potential sensors with integrated heaters were used to capture the signature of the explosive. Quantitative measurements based on hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide sensor responses indicated that the detector sensitivity scaled proportionally with the mass of the explosives (down to 250 ng). The sensitivity was found to increase with increasing flow rate. C1 [Sekhar, P. K.; Zhou, Jie; Hamblin, E. R.] Washington State Univ Vancouver, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Nanomat & Sensor Lab, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Brosha, E. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87685 USA. RP Sekhar, PK (reprint author), Washington State Univ Vancouver, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Nanomat & Sensor Lab, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-537-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1149/06401.0085ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Remote Sensing SC Electrochemistry; Remote Sensing GA BC9NZ UT WOS:000356682400012 ER PT S AU Kreller, CR Spernjak, D Li, WX Palanisamy, P Brosha, EL Mukundan, R Garzon, FH AF Kreller, Cortney R. Spernjak, Dusan Li, Wenxia Palanisamy, Ponnusamy Brosha, Eric L. Mukundan, Rangachary Garzon, Fernando H. BE Aguilar, ZP Hesketh, PJ Carter, MT Li, J Kreller, CR Hunter, G Sekhar, PK Nagahara, L Simonian, A Vanysek, P Wu, N Chin, B Mitra, S StefanVanStaden, R Khosla, A TI Mixed-Potential NOx and NH3 Sensors Fabricated by Commercial Manufacturing Methods SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSORS 11 -AND- MEMS-NEMS 11 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Chemical Sensors 11 - Chemical and Biological Sensors and Analytical Systems and Microfabricated and Nanofabricated Systems for MEMS/NEMS 11, held during the 226th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Sensor Div, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div ID OXIDE ELECTRODES; EMISSIONS AB Meeting EPA Tier 3 emissions reduction requirements while simultaneously increasing fuel economy to meet new CAFE standards will require optimization of advanced combustion strategies and emissions control technologies. There is an immediate need for suitable exhaust gas sensor technologies to monitor internal combustion engine tailpipe emissions and to control and maintain efficient operation of the engine and exhaust after treatment systems. NH3, NOx, and HC sensors could enable onboard diagnostics and combustion control in lean-burn engines, analogous to the role of O-2 sensors in stoichiometric burn engines. Commercial manufacturing methods have been used to fabricate self-heated mixed-potential sensors in a planar automotive configuration. By altering materials composition and operating conditions, we are able to obtain sensitivity/selectivity to each NH3, NOx and HCs. Additionally, these devices exhibit stable performance over months of testing as a result of the stable morphology of the electrode/electrolyte/gas three-phase interface. C1 [Kreller, Cortney R.; Spernjak, Dusan; Brosha, Eric L.; Mukundan, Rangachary; Garzon, Fernando H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Li, Wenxia; Palanisamy, Ponnusamy] ESL ElectroSci, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. RP Kreller, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Kreller, Cortney/0000-0003-2180-2494; Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-537-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 1 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1149/06401.0105ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Remote Sensing SC Electrochemistry; Remote Sensing GA BC9NZ UT WOS:000356682400014 ER PT J AU Bakker, DCE Pfeil, B Smith, K Hankin, S Olsen, A Alin, SR Cosca, C Harasawa, S Kozyr, A Nojiri, Y O'Brien, KM Schuster, U Telszewski, M Tilbrook, B Wada, C Akl, J Barbero, L Bates, NR Boutin, J Bozec, Y Cai, WJ Castle, RD Chavez, FP Chen, L Chierici, M Currie, K de Baar, HJW Evans, W Feely, RA Fransson, A Gao, Z Hales, B Hardman-Mountford, NJ Hoppema, M Huang, WJ Hunt, CW Huss, B Ichikawa, T Johannessen, T Jones, EM Jones, SD Jutterstrom, S Kitidis, V Kortzinger, A Landschutzer, P Lauvset, SK Lefevre, N Manke, AB Mathis, JT Merlivat, L Metzl, N Murata, A Newberger, T Omar, AM Ono, T Park, GH Paterson, K Pierrot, D Rios, AF Sabine, CL Saito, S Salisbury, J Sarma, VVSS Schlitzer, R Sieger, R Skjelvan, I Steinhoff, T Sullivan, KF Sun, H Sutton, AJ Suzuki, T Sweeney, C Takahashi, T Tjiputra, J Tsurushima, N van Heuven, SMAC Vandemark, D Vlahos, P Wallace, DWR Wanninkhof, R Watson, AJ AF Bakker, D. C. E. Pfeil, B. Smith, K. Hankin, S. Olsen, A. Alin, S. R. Cosca, C. Harasawa, S. Kozyr, A. Nojiri, Y. O'Brien, K. M. Schuster, U. Telszewski, M. Tilbrook, B. Wada, C. Akl, J. Barbero, L. Bates, N. R. Boutin, J. Bozec, Y. Cai, W. -J. Castle, R. D. Chavez, F. P. Chen, L. Chierici, M. Currie, K. de Baar, H. J. W. Evans, W. Feely, R. A. Fransson, A. Gao, Z. Hales, B. Hardman-Mountford, N. J. Hoppema, M. Huang, W. -J. Hunt, C. W. Huss, B. Ichikawa, T. Johannessen, T. Jones, E. M. Jones, S. D. Jutterstrom, S. Kitidis, V. Koertzinger, A. Landschuetzer, P. Lauvset, S. K. Lefevre, N. Manke, A. B. Mathis, J. T. Merlivat, L. Metzl, N. Murata, A. Newberger, T. Omar, A. M. Ono, T. Park, G. -H. Paterson, K. Pierrot, D. Rios, A. F. Sabine, C. L. Saito, S. Salisbury, J. Sarma, V. V. S. S. Schlitzer, R. Sieger, R. Skjelvan, I. Steinhoff, T. Sullivan, K. F. Sun, H. Sutton, A. J. Suzuki, T. Sweeney, C. Takahashi, T. Tjiputra, J. Tsurushima, N. van Heuven, S. M. A. C. Vandemark, D. Vlahos, P. Wallace, D. W. R. Wanninkhof, R. Watson, A. J. TI An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2) SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID CAVITY RINGDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; NORTH-ATLANTIC-OCEAN; AIR-SEA FLUX; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; PCO(2) VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; WATER FCO(2); PACIFIC AB The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO(2) (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO(2) values) and extended data coverage (from 1968-2007 to 1968-2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longer-term variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models. C1 [Bakker, D. C. E.; Landschuetzer, P.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Pfeil, B.; Olsen, A.; Johannessen, T.; Lauvset, S. K.; Omar, A. M.; Skjelvan, I.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Pfeil, B.; Olsen, A.; Johannessen, T.; Lauvset, S. K.; Omar, A. M.; Skjelvan, I.; Tjiputra, J.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Smith, K.; Hankin, S.; Alin, S. R.; Cosca, C.; O'Brien, K. M.; Evans, W.; Feely, R. A.; Manke, A. B.; Mathis, J. T.; Sabine, C. L.; Sutton, A. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Smith, K.; O'Brien, K. M.; Sutton, A. J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Olsen, A.; Johannessen, T.; Omar, A. M.; Skjelvan, I.; Tjiputra, J.] Uni Res, Uni Climate, Bergen, Norway. [Harasawa, S.; Nojiri, Y.; Wada, C.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Kozyr, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Schuster, U.; Watson, A. J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Telszewski, M.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Int Ocean Carbon Coordinat Project, Sopot, Poland. [Tilbrook, B.; Akl, J.; Paterson, K.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Tilbrook, B.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Barbero, L.; Pierrot, D.; Sullivan, K. F.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bates, N. R.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, Ferry Reach, Bermuda. [Boutin, J.; Merlivat, L.; Metzl, N.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ, IRD,MNHN,LOCEAN Lab, Paris, France. [Bozec, Y.] CNRS, UMR 7144, Equipe Chim Marine, Stn Biol Roscoff, Roscoff, France. [Bozec, Y.] Univ Paris 06, UMR7144, Adaptat & Div Milieu Marin, Sorbonne Univ,SBR, Roscoff, France. [Cai, W. -J.; Huang, W. -J.] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE USA. [Castle, R. D.; Huss, B.; Wanninkhof, R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Chavez, F. P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Chen, L.; Gao, Z.; Sun, H.] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 3, Key Lab Global Change & Marine Atmospher Chem, Xiamen, Peoples R China. [Chen, L.] Chinese Arctic & Antarctic Adm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chierici, M.] Inst Marine Res, Tromso, Norway. [Chierici, M.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Currie, K.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Dunedin, New Zealand. [de Baar, H. J. W.] Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Texel, Netherlands. [Evans, W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Fransson, A.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, Tromso, Norway. [Hales, B.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hardman-Mountford, N. J.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Floreat, WA, Australia. [Hoppema, M.; Jones, E. M.; Schlitzer, R.; Sieger, R.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Hunt, C. W.; Salisbury, J.; Vandemark, D.] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ichikawa, T.; Ono, T.] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Jones, S. D.] Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Jutterstrom, S.] IVL Swedish Environm Res Inst, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Kitidis, V.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Koertzinger, A.; Steinhoff, T.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Lefevre, N.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Univ Sorbonne, IRD,MNHN,LOCEAN Lab, Paris, France. [Lefevre, N.] Univ Fed Ceara, LaboMar, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Murata, A.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuda, Japan. [Newberger, T.; Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Park, G. -H.] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, East Sea Res Inst, Uljin, South Korea. [Rios, A. F.] CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas Vigo, Vigo, Spain. [Saito, S.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Global Environm & Marine Dept, Marine Div, Tokyo, Japan. [Sarma, V. V. S. S.] Natl Inst Oceanog, Reg Ctr, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Suzuki, T.] Japan Hydrog Assoc, Marine Informat Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. [Takahashi, T.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Tsurushima, N.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [van Heuven, S. M. A. C.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. [Vlahos, P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wallace, D. W. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Schuster, U.; Watson, A. J.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Bakker, DCE (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM d.bakker@uea.ac.uk RI Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012; Nojiri, Yukihiro/D-1999-2010; Lauvset, Siv/H-7948-2016; Boutin, Jacqueline/M-2253-2016; Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; Sutton, Adrienne/C-7725-2015; Barbero, Leticia/B-5237-2011; Pierrot, Denis/A-7459-2014; OI Sieger, Rainer/0000-0002-9175-884X; Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827; Nojiri, Yukihiro/0000-0001-9885-9195; Lauvset, Siv/0000-0001-8498-4067; Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035; Barbero, Leticia/0000-0002-8858-5247; Pierrot, Denis/0000-0002-0374-3825; Jones, Steve/0000-0003-0522-9851 FU University of East Anglia (UK); Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; Geophysical Institute at the University of Bergen (Norway); Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,; University of Washington; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA); PANGAEA(R) Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Data (Germany); Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Germany); National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan); Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology; European Union project CarboChange [FP7 264879]; European Union project GEO-CARBON [FP7 283080]; UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme - (Natural Environment Research Council) [NE/H017046/1]; UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme - (Department for Energy and Climate Change); UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme - (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs); Research Council of Norway (CARBON-HEAT); Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR, US) [OCE-0938349]; US National Science Foundation [OCE-1068958]; Swedish Research Council [2009-2994, 2008-6228]; Swedish National Space Board (RESCUE project; REmote Sensing ocean Carbon UptakE) FX The International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program (IMBER) promote SOCAT. We thank both referees, anonymous referee 1 and D. Woolf, for their constructive and detailed comments, which have considerably improved the Cruise Data Viewer and this manuscript. Support for SOCAT has been received from the University of East Anglia (UK), the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, the Geophysical Institute at the University of Bergen (Norway), the Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the University of Washington, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA), PANGAEA (R) Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Data (Germany), the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Germany), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan), the Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, the European Union projects CarboChange (FP7 264879) and GEO-CARBON (FP7 283080), the UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme (NE/H017046/1; funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, the Department for Energy and Climate Change and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), the Research Council of Norway (CARBON-HEAT), the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR, US, OCE-0938349), the US National Science Foundation (OCE-1068958), Swedish Research Council projects (2009-2994; 2008-6228; 2009-2994) and the Swedish National Space Board (RESCUE project; REmote Sensing ocean Carbon UptakE). NR 85 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 9 U2 40 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 69 EP 90 DI 10.5194/essd-6-69-2014 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL4OX UT WOS:000356933700005 ER PT J AU Le Quere, C Peters, GP Andres, RJ Andrew, RM Boden, TA Ciais, P Friedlingstein, P Houghton, RA Marland, G Moriarty, R Sitch, S Tans, P Arneth, A Arvanitis, A Bakker, DCE Bopp, L Canadell, JG Chini, LP Doney, SC Harper, A Harris, I House, JI Jain, AK Jones, SD Kato, E Keeling, RF Goldewijk, KK Kortzinger, A Koven, C Lefevre, N Maignan, F Omar, A Ono, T Park, GH Pfeil, B Poulter, B Raupach, MR Regnier, P Rodenbeck, C Saito, S Schwinger, J Segschneider, J Stocker, BD Takahashi, T Tilbrook, B van Heuven, S Viovy, N Wanninkhof, R Wiltshire, A Zaehle, S AF Le Quere, C. Peters, G. P. Andres, R. J. Andrew, R. M. Boden, T. A. Ciais, P. Friedlingstein, P. Houghton, R. A. Marland, G. Moriarty, R. Sitch, S. Tans, P. Arneth, A. Arvanitis, A. Bakker, D. C. E. Bopp, L. Canadell, J. G. Chini, L. P. Doney, S. C. Harper, A. Harris, I. House, J. I. Jain, A. K. Jones, S. D. Kato, E. Keeling, R. F. Goldewijk, K. Klein Koertzinger, A. Koven, C. Lefevre, N. Maignan, F. Omar, A. Ono, T. Park, G. -H. Pfeil, B. Poulter, B. Raupach, M. R. Regnier, P. Roedenbeck, C. Saito, S. Schwinger, J. Segschneider, J. Stocker, B. D. Takahashi, T. Tilbrook, B. van Heuven, S. Viovy, N. Wanninkhof, R. Wiltshire, A. Zaehle, S. TI Global carbon budget 2013 SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; CO2 EMISSIONS; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; INORGANIC CARBON AB Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and a methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. We discuss changes compared to previous estimates, consistency within and among components, alongside methodology and data limitations. CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel combustion and cement production (E-FF) are based on energy statistics, while emissions from land-use change (E-LUC), mainly deforestation, are based on combined evidence from land-cover change data, fire activity associated with deforestation, and models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The mean ocean CO2 sink (S-OCEAN) is based on observations from the 1990s, while the annual anomalies and trends are estimated with ocean models. The variability in SOCEAN is evaluated for the first time in this budget with data products based on surveys of ocean CO2 measurements. The global residual terrestrial CO2 sink (S-LAND) is estimated by the difference of the other terms of the global carbon budget and compared to results of independent dynamic global vegetation models forced by observed climate, CO2 and land cover change (some including nitrogen-carbon interactions). All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma, reflecting the current capacity to characterise the annual estimates of each component of the global carbon budget. For the last decade available (2003-2012), E-FF was 8.6 +/- 0.4 GtC yr(-1), E-LUC 0.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), G(ATM) 4.3 +/- 0.1 GtC yr(-1), S-OCEAN 2.5 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), and S-LAND 2.8 +/- 0.8 GtC yr(-1). For year 2012 alone, E-FF grew to 9.7 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), 2.2% above 2011, reflecting a continued growing trend in these emissions, GATM was 5.1 +/- 0.2 GtC yr(-1), S-OCEAN was 2.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), and assuming an E-LUC of 1.0 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) (based on the 2001-2010 average), S-LAND was 2.7 +/- 0.9 GtC yr(-1). G(ATM) was high in 2012 compared to the 2003-2012 average, almost entirely reflecting the high EFF. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 392.52 +/- 0.10 ppm averaged over 2012. We estimate that E-FF will increase by 2.1% (1.1-3.1 %) to 9.9 +/- 0.5 GtC in 2013, 61% above emissions in 1990, based on projections of world gross domestic product and recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy. With this projection, cumulative emissions of CO2 will reach about 535 +/- 55 GtC for 1870-2013, about 70% from E-FF (390 +/- 20 GtC) and 30% from E-LUC (145 +/- 50 GtC). This paper also documents any changes in the methods and data sets used in this new carbon budget from previous budgets (Le Quere et al., 2013). All observations presented here can be downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (doi: 10.3334/CDIAC/GCP_2013_V2.3). C1 [Le Quere, C.; Moriarty, R.; Jones, S. D.] Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Peters, G. P.; Andrew, R. M.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Andres, R. J.; Boden, T. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CDIAC, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Ciais, P.; Bopp, L.; Maignan, F.; Viovy, N.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, CE Orme Merisiers, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Friedlingstein, P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Houghton, R. A.] WHRC, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Marland, G.] Appalachian State Univ, Res Inst Environm Energy & Econ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Sitch, S.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Tans, P.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Arneth, A.; Arvanitis, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Research Atmospher Enviro, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Bakker, D. C. E.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Canadell, J. G.; Raupach, M. R.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Chini, L. P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Harper, A.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. [Harris, I.] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [House, J. I.] Univ Bristol, Dept Geog, Cabot Inst, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Jain, A. K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. [Kato, E.] NIES, CGER, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Keeling, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Goldewijk, K. Klein] PBL Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, The Hague, Netherlands. [Goldewijk, K. Klein] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Koertzinger, A.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Koven, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lefevre, N.] Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris 04, LOCEAN Lab, CNRS IRD MNHN, F-75005 Paris, France. [Omar, A.] Uni Res AS, Uni Climate, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Omar, A.; Pfeil, B.; Schwinger, J.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Ono, T.] Fisheries Res Agcy, Nishi Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2206115, Japan. [Park, G. -H.] KIOST, East Sea Res Inst, Uljin 767813, South Korea. [Pfeil, B.; Schwinger, J.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Poulter, B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Regnier, P.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Roedenbeck, C.; Zaehle, S.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Saito, S.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Global Environm & Marine Dept, Marine Div, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Segschneider, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Stocker, B. D.] Univ Bern, Climate & Environm Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Stocker, B. D.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Takahashi, T.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Tilbrook, B.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Tilbrook, B.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [van Heuven, S.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. [Wiltshire, A.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wanninkhof, R.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. RP Le Quere, C (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM c.lequere@uea.ac.uk RI Klein Goldewijk, Kees/L-5567-2013; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015; Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Maignan, Fabienne/F-5419-2013; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012; House, Joanna/B-6477-2016; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Stocker, Benjamin/K-3194-2015; Peters, Glen/B-1012-2008; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017; Zaehle, Sonke/C-9528-2017 OI Jones, Steve/0000-0003-0522-9851; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; ANDRES, ROBERT/0000-0001-8781-4979; Moriarty, Roisin/0000-0003-1993-1756; Andrew, Robbie/0000-0001-8590-6431; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337; Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827; House, Joanna/0000-0003-4576-3960; Stocker, Benjamin/0000-0003-2697-9096; Peters, Glen/0000-0001-7889-8568; Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452; Zaehle, Sonke/0000-0001-5602-7956 FU International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP); Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS); Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program (IMBER); UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); GCP though their International Opportunities [NE/103002X/1]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programs under US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Norwegian Research Council [221355]; EU [283080, 226520, 264879, GA282672, GA603542]; NERC Joint Weather and Climate Research Programme; US National Science Foundation [NSF AGS 12-43071, NSF AGS-1048827]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science and BER programs [DOE DE-SC0006706]; NASA LCLUC program [NASA NNX14AD94G]; Swiss National Science Foundation; UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of Environment of Japan [S-10]; Australian Climate Change Science Program; Leverhulme Research Fellowship FX We thank all people and institutions that provided data used in this carbon budget, P. Cadule, C. Enright, J. Ghattas, and G. Hurtt for support to the model simulations, F. Joos and S. Khatiwala for providing historical data, M. Heimann and G. McKinley for their comments and suggestions. The observations and modelling analysis were possible thanks to the generous support from the author's institutions and funding from multiple agencies around the world. We thank the many researchers and funding agencies responsible for the collection and quality control of the data included in SOCAT, and the support of the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program (IMBER). The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) provided funding to C. Le Quere, R. Moriarty and the GCP though their International Opportunities Fund specifically to support this publication (project NE/103002X/1). R. J. Andres and T. A. Boden were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programs under US Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. G. P. Peters and R. M. Andrews were supported by the Norwegian Research Council (221355). A. Arneth, A. Omar, C. Le Quere, J. Schwinger, P. Ciais, P. Friedlingstein, P. Regnier, J. Segschneider, S. Sitch and S. Zaehle were supported by the EU FP7 for funding through projects GEOCarbon (283080), COMBINE (226520), CARBOCHANGE (264879), EMBRACE (GA282672), and LUC4C (GA603542). A. Harper was supported by the NERC Joint Weather and Climate Research Programme. A. K. Jain was supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF AGS 12-43071) the US Department of Energy, Office of Science and BER programs (DOE DE-SC0006706) and NASA LCLUC program (NASA NNX14AD94G). B. D. Stocker was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. A. Wiltshire was supported by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). E. Kato was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-10) of the Ministry of Environment of Japan. J. G. Canadell and M. R. Raupach were supported by the Australian Climate Change Science Program. J. I. House was supported by a Leverhulme Research Fellowship. S. C. Doney was supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF AGS-1048827). NR 111 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 17 U2 110 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 235 EP 263 DI 10.5194/essd-6-235-2014 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL4OX UT WOS:000356933700017 ER PT J AU Sutton, AJ Sabine, CL Maenner-Jones, S Lawrence-Slavas, N Meinig, C Feely, RA Mathis, JT Musielewicz, S Bott, R McLain, PD Fought, HJ Kozyr, A AF Sutton, A. J. Sabine, C. L. Maenner-Jones, S. Lawrence-Slavas, N. Meinig, C. Feely, R. A. Mathis, J. T. Musielewicz, S. Bott, R. McLain, P. D. Fought, H. J. Kozyr, A. TI A high-frequency atmospheric and seawater pCO(2) data set from 14 open-ocean sites using a moored autonomous system SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; CO2; WATER; VARIABILITY; EQUATIONS AB In an intensifying effort to track ocean change and distinguish between natural and anthropogenic drivers, sustained ocean time series measurements are becoming increasingly important. Advancements in the ocean carbon observation network over the last decade, such as the development and deployment of Moored Autonomous pCO(2) (MAPCO(2)) systems, have dramatically improved our ability to characterize ocean climate, sea-air gas exchange, and biogeochemical processes. The MAPCO(2) system provides high-resolution data that can measure interannual, seasonal, and sub-seasonal dynamics and constrain the impact of short-term biogeochemical variability on carbon dioxide (CO2) flux. Overall uncertainty of the MAPCO(2) using in situ calibrations with certified gas standards and post-deployment standard operating procedures is <2 mu atm for seawater partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) and <1 mu atm for air pCO(2). The MAPCO(2) maintains this level of uncertainty for over 400 days of autonomous operation. MAPCO(2) measurements are consistent with shipboard seawater pCO(2) measurements and GLOBALVIEW-CO2 boundary layer atmospheric values. Here we provide an open-ocean MAPCO(2) data set including over 100 000 individual atmospheric and seawater pCO(2) measurements on 14 surface buoys from 2004 through 2011 and a description of the methods and data quality control involved. The climate-quality data provided by the MAPCO(2) have allowed for the establishment of open-ocean observatories to track surface ocean pCO(2) changes around the globe. Data are available at doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.TSM_NDP092 and http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/Moorings/ndp092. C1 [Sutton, A. J.; Musielewicz, S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sutton, A. J.; Sabine, C. L.; Maenner-Jones, S.; Lawrence-Slavas, N.; Meinig, C.; Feely, R. A.; Mathis, J. T.; Musielewicz, S.; Bott, R.; McLain, P. D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Fought, H. J.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Kozyr, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sutton, AJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM adrienne.sutton@noaa.gov OI Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035 FU Climate Observation Division within NOAA's Climate Program Office FX This work was funded by the Climate Observation Division within NOAA's Climate Program Office. The authors thank Gernot Friederich, Peter Brewer, and Francisco Chavez at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute for their efforts in developing the early mooring pCO2 system, and the Battelle Memorial Institute for their later investments in this technology that have made the MAPCO2 systems available to the broader research and ocean-observing community. The NOAA network of pCO2 moorings would not be possible without the industrious efforts of PMEL technical and engineering staff as well as our partners and their funders who support the maintenance of the open-ocean buoys: Nick Bates (BTM), Meghan Cronin (Papa and KEO), Michael McPhaden (TAO array), Tommy Dickey (MOSEAN), Al Plueddemann and Robert Weller (WHOTS and Stratus), and Uwe Send (CCE1). PMEL contribution 4061 and JISAO contribution 2254. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2014 VL 6 IS 2 BP 353 EP 366 DI 10.5194/essd-6-353-2014 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL4OZ UT WOS:000356933900007 ER PT S AU Shenai, K AF Shenai, Krishna BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Bakowski, M Ohtani, N TI A Critique of Wide Bandgap (WBG) Power Semiconductor Device Datasheets SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 4 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electron & Photon Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, US Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Power Elect Soc AB Power switching devices fabricated using wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors such as Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) have the potential to make transformative impact on electrical energy generation, transmission, distribution, conditioning, and utilization [1]. Although SiC power diodes and power MOSFETs are commercially available for voltage ratings up to 1,700 volts, a careful review of the datasheets suggests severe shortcomings and the need for improved consistency, parameter definition and standardization in order for application engineers to adapt this new technology with trust and confidence. This paper provides a critique of WBG datasheets with recommendations for specific improvements. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shenai, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kshenai@anl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-544-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 7 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1149/06407.0013ecst PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BC9PM UT WOS:000356771100002 ER PT S AU Murthy-Bellur, D Kunin, S Ayana, E Palmer, B Leonarski, J Varigonda, S Shenai, K AF Murthy-Bellur, Dakshina Kunin, Sergey Ayana, Elias Palmer, Brad Leonarski, Jaroslaw Varigonda, Subbarao Shenai, Krishna BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Bakowski, M Ohtani, N TI Design and Performance of Compact Air-Cooled SiC MOSFET Inverters for Low-Power Variable Speed Drive Applications SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 4 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electron & Photon Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, US Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Power Elect Soc AB Design and experimental results of a scalable and modular air-cooled power inverter using commercial SiC power MOSFETs are reported. Compared to the well-established silicon IGBT power inverter, the new SiC power MOSFET inverter offers 40% more output power and 4% higher efficiency for a 10kW, 20kHz air-cooled design. A detailed design and performance tradeoff is presented from a system-level perspective in terms of cost/kW for SiC inverter for vehicle electrification and power generation applications. The design is based on a simple circuit simulation model developed from measurements made on commercially available packaged discrete SiC power MOSFETs. C1 [Murthy-Bellur, Dakshina; Kunin, Sergey; Ayana, Elias; Palmer, Brad] Cummins Power Generat, Fridley, MN 55432 USA. [Leonarski, Jaroslaw; Varigonda, Subbarao] Cummins Corp Res & Technol, Columbus, IN 47201 USA. [Shenai, Krishna] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Murthy-Bellur, D (reprint author), Cummins Power Generat, Fridley, MN 55432 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-544-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 7 BP 61 EP 75 DI 10.1149/06407.0061ecst PG 15 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BC9PM UT WOS:000356771100008 ER PT S AU Flicker, JD Hughart, DR Atcitty, S Kaplar, RJ Marinella, MJ AF Flicker, J. D. Hughart, D. R. Atcitty, S. Kaplar, R. J. Marinella, M. J. BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Bakowski, M Ohtani, N TI Progress in SiC MOSFET Reliability SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 4 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electron & Photon Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, US Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Power Elect Soc ID TRAPS AB In this work, we have characterized a variety of SiC devices (first-and second-generation 1200 V SiC MOSFETs and 1200 V SiC JFETs) with regards to threshold voltage shifts and leakage currents at high temperatures under both static and dynamic gate bias stress conditions. It was found that, although the stability of SiC MOSFETs has increased dramatically from the first-to the second-generation due to an increase in the quality of the gate oxide layer, SiC JFET devices (which lack a gate oxide altogether) are much more stable with respect to Delta V-T for both types of gate bias stresses at high temperatures. We have also characterized the interface trap density (D-IT) in SiC MOSFETs based solely on changes in the sub-threshold slope of the devices' I-V curves under elevated temperature and bias stress, and have produced Delta D-IT profiles showing relative changes in interfacial defect concentration at energy levels referenced to the calculated surface potential at the threshold voltage. We have found that the defect density of second-generation SiC MOSFETs is almost an order of magnitude lower than similar first-generation devices from the same manufacturer, consistent with the decreased V-T shifts seen in voltage/temperature stress experiments. C1 [Flicker, J. D.; Hughart, D. R.; Atcitty, S.; Kaplar, R. J.; Marinella, M. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Flicker, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1084, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-544-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 7 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1149/06407.0087ecst PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BC9PM UT WOS:000356771100010 ER PT S AU Arribas, AP Krishnamurthy, M Shenai, K AF Arribas, A. Pozo Krishnamurthy, M. Shenai, K. BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Bakowski, M Ohtani, N TI A Simple and Accurate Circuit Simulation Model for High-Voltage SiC Power MOSFETs SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 4 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electron & Photon Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, US Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Power Elect Soc AB A complete and simple methodology to model SiC Power MOSFETs is presented in this paper. A simple and accurate model is defined in SPICE language. The core of the model is a Level 1 MOSFET, accounting for temperature dependence and voltage dependence of the gate-drain capacitance. All the values used to define these components can be easily extracted from measurements and/or datasheet. The model finds the best trade-off between simplicity and accuracy, required to perform fast and efficient simulations of power converters. C1 [Arribas, A. Pozo; Krishnamurthy, M.] IIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. [Shenai, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Arribas, AP (reprint author), IIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-544-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 7 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1149/06407.0099ecst PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BC9PM UT WOS:000356771100011 ER PT S AU Yanguas-Gil, A Shenai, K AF Yanguas-Gil, A. Shenai, K. BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Bakowski, M Ohtani, N TI Thermodynamics and Kinetics of SiC CVD Epitaxy SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 4 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electron & Photon Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, US Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Power Elect Soc ID HOT-WALL REACTOR; SILICON-CARBIDE; GROWTH; MODEL AB One of the challenges in modeling epitaxial growth is to establish a connection between the experimental conditions and microstructure and epitaxial quality of the films. At the core of this problem is the need to have accurate models of the heterogeneous chemistry during epitaxy that can bridge reactor scale with atomic scale simulations and take into account the impact of film microstructure. In this work we focus on the heterogeneous chemistry models for SiC epitaxy by CVD. First, we carry out a sensitivity analysis of existing models in the literature, and we identify their limitations as well as the main reaction pathways that can be found at different experimental conditions. We then cast these models in the context of the step-flow growth. This allow us to rationalize the expected dependence of the different sticking probability values on the miscut angle and, more generally, on the surface terrace to step site ratio. Finally we show how these models can be used to bridge reactor-scale and atomistic simulations by providing sticking probabilities that depend on the surface morphology and the atomistic details of gas-surface interaction. C1 [Yanguas-Gil, A.; Shenai, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Yanguas-Gil, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. OI Yanguas-Gil, Angel/0000-0001-8207-3825 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-544-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 7 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1149/06407.0133ecst PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BC9PM UT WOS:000356771100014 ER PT S AU Guo, LP Arribas, AP Krishnamurthy, M Shenai, K Wang, J AF Guo, Liping Arribas, Alejandro Pozo Krishnamurthy, Mahesh Shenai, Krishna Wang, Ju BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Bakowski, M Ohtani, N TI Digital Control of DC-DC Converters Employing Wide Band Gap (WBG) Power Devices SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 4 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electron & Photon Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, US Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Power Elect Soc AB Next generation power supplies used in particle accelerator infrastructure need to be efficient, compact and reliable with excellent long-term stability and minimal noise in output current. This paper evaluates the performance of silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs and the design and evaluation of a digital control system for dc-dc converters to power electromagnets at Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source. It is shown that the same control system used for a silicon IGBT may be applicable for a SiC power MOSFET in order to achieve the overall system stability while achieving significant reduction in power losses. C1 [Guo, Liping] No Illinois Univ, Dept Engn Technol, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Arribas, Alejandro Pozo; Krishnamurthy, Mahesh] IIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Shenai, Krishna; Wang, Ju] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Guo, LP (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Engn Technol, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-544-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 7 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1149/06407.0155ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BC9PM UT WOS:000356771100016 ER PT S AU Shenai, K AF Shenai, Krishna BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Bakowski, M Ohtani, N TI On the Power-Handling Capability of Wide Bandgap (WBG) Semiconductor Power Switching Devices SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 4 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electron & Photon Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, US Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Power Elect Soc ID DISLOCATIONS; RELIABILITY; ELECTRONICS; STRESS; DIODES AB Power switching devices made from wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors such as Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) have the potential to make transformative impact on electricity infrastructure. However, limited availability, high cost, unproven application-level field-reliability, inaccurate and incomplete datasheets from the manufacturers, and most importantly - lack of trust and true collaboration among the WBG supply chain industries - are severely hindering the large-scale commercialization of WBG power conversion technology. Although SiC power diodes and power MOSFETs are commercially available for voltage ratings up to 1,700 volts from a couple of manufacturers, a careful review of the published literature and commercial product datasheets suggests that performance and reliability of these devices may be severely compromised compared to silicon power devices. For example, limited reported data available for dv/dt, avalanche, and safe-operating area (SOA) parameters of SiC power diodes and MOSFETs are inferior to silicon power devices with identical ratings. This paper presents a simple physics-based analysis of power-handling capability of WBG power devices, and explains the possible causes of limited performance and reliability of SiC power devices. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shenai, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kshenai@anl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-544-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 7 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1149/06407.0193ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BC9PM UT WOS:000356771100020 ER PT S AU Gachovsk, TK Radimov, N Gerolami, C Orr, R Hudgins, JL Shenai, K AF Gachovsk, T. K. Radimov, N. Gerolami, C. Orr, R. Hudgins, J. L. Shenai, K. BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Bakowski, M Ohtani, N TI Characterization of GaN Switches for Solar Invertors SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 4 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electron & Photon Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, US Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Power Elect Soc ID CONVERTER AB To improve the efficiency of a solar cell application, two areas of focus are necessary. The first is to improve the quality of the solar panels; and the second is to increase the inverter efficiency, which can be accomplished by using high frequency switches with low on-state and switching losses. GaN has a significantly bigger bandgap compared to Si material, resulting in higher breakdown voltage. Also, the channel lengths of GaN MOSFETs are smaller and, therefore, have smaller gate-to-source and drain-to-source capacitance. In this work, different GaN switches are characterized through their steady state and switching characteristics. Also, the use of GaN switches in some Solantro Semiconductor Corp. applications and a comparison of the total power losses of Si and SiC switches are also presented. C1 [Gachovsk, T. K.; Radimov, N.; Gerolami, C.; Orr, R.] Solantro Semicond Corp, Ottawa, ON K2E7Y1, Canada. [Hudgins, J. L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Shenai, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gachovsk, TK (reprint author), Solantro Semicond Corp, Ottawa, ON K2E7Y1, Canada. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-544-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 7 BP 273 EP 279 DI 10.1149/06407.0273ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BC9PM UT WOS:000356771100028 ER PT S AU Arribas, AP Krishnamurthy, M Shenai, K AF Arribas, A. Pozo Krishnamurthy, M. Shenai, K. BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Bakowski, M Ohtani, N TI Accurate Estimation of Switching Losses in SiC Power MOSFET's SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 4 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electron & Photon Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, US Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Power Elect Soc AB Accurate estimation of switching losses is difficult in SiC power MOSFET's because of their low on-state resistance and small inter electrode capacitances. Even a small parasitic component present in the power switching measurement circuitry can cause significant error in the measured loss due to circuit ringing. This paper presents an approach to accurately estimate the switching losses in a high-speed low on-resistance SiC power MOSFET using a combination of circuit modeling and switching measurements. C1 [Arribas, A. Pozo; Krishnamurthy, M.] IIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. [Shenai, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Arribas, AP (reprint author), IIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-544-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 7 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1149/06407.0283ecst PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BC9PM UT WOS:000356771100029 ER PT J AU Miao, JW Rodriguez, JA AF Miao, Jianwei Rodriguez, Jose A. TI Phasing tiny crystals SO IUCRJ LA English DT Editorial Material DE oversampling; coherent diffraction imaging; X-ray free electron lasers; phase retrieval ID X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; RETRIEVAL C1 [Miao, Jianwei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Miao, Jianwei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Rodriguez, Jose A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biol Chem, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Prote, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Miao, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 2052-2525 J9 IUCRJ JI IUCrJ PD JAN PY 2014 VL 1 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1107/S2052252513034507 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA CL3PV UT WOS:000356863500002 PM 25075313 ER PT B AU Sun, XF Kelly, RT AF Sun, Xuefei Kelly, Ryan T. BE Lagally, E TI Droplet-Based Microfluidics for Biological Sample Preparation and Analysis SO MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY: BIOSENSING TO THE SINGLE MOLECULE LIMIT SE Devices Circuits and Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SEGMENTED FLOW; PICOLITER DROPLETS; ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS; REAL-TIME; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; PROTEIN CRYSTALLIZATION; VOLUME DROPLETS; SINGLE CELLS C1 [Sun, Xuefei] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kelly, Ryan T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sun, XF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-9491-3; 978-1-4665-9490-6 J9 DEVICE CIRC SYST PY 2014 BP 201 EP 219 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BC7NH UT WOS:000355010200009 ER PT S AU Lall-Ramnarine, SI Suarez, SN Zmich, NV Ewko, D Ramati, S Cuffari, D Sahin, M Adam, Y Rosario, E Paterno, D Wishart, JF AF Lall-Ramnarine, S. I. Suarez, S. N. Zmich, N. V. Ewko, D. Ramati, S. Cuffari, D. Sahin, M. Adam, Y. Rosario, E. Paterno, D. Wishart, J. F. BE Reichert, WM Ispas, A Bund, A DeLong, HC Haverhals, LM Mizuhata, M Trulove, PC Mantz, RA TI Binary Ionic Liquid Mixtures for Supercapacitor Applications SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 19 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Int Symposium on Molten Salts and Ion Liquids as part of the Joint Meeting of the 226th Meeting of the Electrochem Soc, the XXIX Congreso de la Sociedad Mexicana de Electroquinica / 7th Meeting of the Mexico Sect of the Electrochem Soc CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electrochem Soc Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc Electrodeposit Div ID STATIONARY PHASES; SOLAR-CELLS; ELECTROLYTES; SALTS; SEPARATION; DYNAMICS; ANION AB Binary mixtures of ionic liquids (ILs) were prepared and characterized to obtain ILs with viscosity and conductivity properties optimized for use in energy storage devices such as supercapacitors. The bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide anion (NTf2-) was the common anion for both ILs in the mixture. Ethoxyethyl was the common substituent on the minor component (solute) and the major component (solvent), as ether substituents have been shown to lower the viscosity of ILs. N-Ethoxyethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium NTf2 was used as the major component for all of the IL mixtures. The solutes were either monocationic or dicationic and made up 10 % of the binary mixture by weight. We report here on the physical properties of the individual ILs and their binary mixtures. C1 [Lall-Ramnarine, S. I.; Zmich, N. V.; Ewko, D.; Rosario, E.] CUNY Queensborough Community Coll, Dept Chem, Bayside, NY 11364 USA. [Suarez, S. N.; Cuffari, D.; Sahin, M.; Adam, Y.; Paterno, D.] CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Zmich, N. V.; Ramati, S.; Wishart, J. F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lall-Ramnarine, SI (reprint author), CUNY Queensborough Community Coll, Dept Chem, Bayside, NY 11364 USA. RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013; OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636; Suarez, Sophia /0000-0001-6246-3498 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-541-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 4 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1149/06404.0057ecst PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC9PF UT WOS:000356725500007 ER PT B AU Graetz, J Wang, F AF Graetz, Jason Wang, Feng BE Yazami, R TI Nanoscale Anodes of Silicon and Germanium for Lithium Batteries SO NANOMATERIALS FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LI-ION BATTERIES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; IN-SITU XRD; ENERGY-STORAGE; HIGH-CAPACITY; ALLOY ANODES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; NEGATIVE ELECTRODES; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; COMPOSITE ANODE C1 [Graetz, Jason; Wang, Feng] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Sustainable Energy Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Graetz, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Sustainable Energy Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM graetz@bnl.gov NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4364-23-2; 978-981-4316-40-8 PY 2014 BP 69 EP 94 PG 26 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BC7RD UT WOS:000355163300003 ER PT S AU Alia, SM Pylypenko, S Neyerlin, KC Kocha, SS Pivovar, BS AF Alia, Shaun M. Pylypenko, Svitlana Neyerlin, K. C. Kocha, Shyam S. Pivovar, Bryan S. BE Gasteiger, HA Uchida, H Buchi, FN SwiderLyons, K Jones, D Ramani, V Schmidt, TJ Weber, A Fenton, JM Meas, Y Shinohara, K Edmundson, M Perry, KA Coutanceau, C Mitsushima, S Strasser, P Mantz, R Fuller, T Narayanan, SR TI Nickel Nanowire Oxidation and Its Effect on Platinum Galvanic Displacement and Methanol Oxidation SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 14 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Symposium (PEFC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Ind Electrochemistry and Electrochem Engn Div, Battery Div, Corros Div, Energy Technol Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Army Res Off, Off Naval Res, N E CHEMCAT Corp ID ALLOY NANOPARTICLES; CARBON; ELECTROCATALYSTS; ELECTROOXIDATION; NI; NANOCATALYSTS; NANOTUBES; CATALYSTS; ACID AB The heat treatment of nickel (Ni) nanowires (NiNWs) in oxygen is examined for its effect on platinum (Pt) galvanic displacement and the activity of Pt-coated NiNWs (PtNiNWs) in the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Annealing of NiNWs in oxygen is found to reduce Pt displacement, increasing its resistance to potential-driven dissolution (during electrochemical break-in). In reducing Ni dissolution, oxophilic species are provided in close proximity to Pt sites and the MOR activity of PtNiNWs improves, particularly at low overpotential in rotating disk electrode half-cells. C1 [Alia, Shaun M.; Neyerlin, K. C.; Kocha, Shyam S.; Pivovar, Bryan S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Pylypenko, Svitlana] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pivovar, BS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM bryan.pivovar@nrel.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-539-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 3 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1149/06403.0089ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science GA BC9PA UT WOS:000356722200009 ER PT S AU Wang, JX He, P Zhang, Y Ye, S AF Wang, J. X. He, P. Zhang, Y. Ye, S. BE Gasteiger, HA Uchida, H Buchi, FN SwiderLyons, K Jones, D Ramani, V Schmidt, TJ Weber, A Fenton, JM Meas, Y Shinohara, K Edmundson, M Perry, KA Coutanceau, C Mitsushima, S Strasser, P Mantz, R Fuller, T Narayanan, SR TI Can CO-tolerant Anodes be Economically Viable for PEMFC Applications with Reformates? SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 14 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Symposium (PEFC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Ind Electrochemistry and Electrochem Engn Div, Battery Div, Corros Div, Energy Technol Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Army Res Off, Off Naval Res, N E CHEMCAT Corp ID PT-RU ALLOYS; SHELL NANOPARTICLES; ELECTROOXIDATION AB Several years ago, the answer to this question was negative based on the criteria for an anode with <0.1 mg cm(-2) of platinum group metals to perform similarly without and with 50 ppm CO in hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Now, with the amount of CO impurities reduced to 10 ppm in reformates, a <1% performance loss with a 1.5% air-bleed has become a reasonable target. The CO-tolerant catalyst also needs to be dissolution resistant up to 0.93 V, viz., the potential experienced at the anode during startup and shutdown of the fuel cells. We recently demonstrated our ability to simultaneously enhance activity and stability by using single crystalline Ru@Pt core-shell nanocatalysts. Here, we report that the performance target with reformates was met using bilayer-thick Ru@Pt core-shell nanocatalysts with 0.047 mg cm(-2) Pt and 0.024 mg cm(-2) Ru loading, supporting a positive prognosis for the economically viable use of reformates in PEMFC applications. C1 [Wang, J. X.; Zhang, Y.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [He, P.; Ye, S.] Ballard Power Syst Inc, Burnaby, BC V5J 5J8, Canada. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011; OI Zhang, Yu/0000-0002-0814-2965 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-539-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 3 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1149/06403.0121ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science GA BC9PA UT WOS:000356722200013 ER PT S AU Zhao, D Shui, JL Grabstanowicz, LR Liu, DJ AF Zhao, D. Shui, J. -L. Grabstanowicz, L. R. Liu, D. -J. BE Gasteiger, HA Uchida, H Buchi, FN SwiderLyons, K Jones, D Ramani, V Schmidt, TJ Weber, A Fenton, JM Meas, Y Shinohara, K Edmundson, M Perry, KA Coutanceau, C Mitsushima, S Strasser, P Mantz, R Fuller, T Narayanan, SR TI A Versatile Preparation of Highly Active ZIF-based Non-PGM Catalysts through Solid State Synthesis SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 14 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Symposium (PEFC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Ind Electrochemistry and Electrochem Engn Div, Battery Div, Corros Div, Energy Technol Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Army Res Off, Off Naval Res, N E CHEMCAT Corp ID MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; METAL ELECTROCATALYSTS AB Current proton exchange membrane fuel cell uses precious metal such as platinum as the catalyst to promote electrochemical reactions at both electrodes, which presents a significant cost barrier for large scale fuel cell commercialization. To replace precious metal with other low cost, earth-abundant materials represents a critical yet incredible challenging area in future fuel cell research. To compete with the precious metal based catalyst, the non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) materials must have higher active site density and improved turn-over-frequency. In this report, we discuss a new method of preparing "support-free", low-cost non-PGM catalysts produced by using "one-pot" synthesized metal-organic frameworks. The new approach led to the formation of catalysts with high-density of active site and high efficiency towards the oxygen reduction reaction in the acidic medium, measured by rotating disk electrode in oxygen saturated electrolyte and under single fuel cell operating condition. C1 [Zhao, D.; Shui, J. -L.; Grabstanowicz, L. R.; Liu, D. -J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhao, D.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. [Grabstanowicz, L. R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Zhao, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM djliu@anl.gov RI Zhao, Dan/D-5975-2011 OI Zhao, Dan/0000-0002-4427-2150 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-539-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 3 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1149/06403.0253ecst PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science GA BC9PA UT WOS:000356722200029 ER PT S AU Babu, SK Chung, H Wu, G Zelenay, P Litster, S AF Babu, S. Komini Chung, H. Wu, G. Zelenay, P. Litster, S. BE Gasteiger, HA Uchida, H Buchi, FN SwiderLyons, K Jones, D Ramani, V Schmidt, TJ Weber, A Fenton, JM Meas, Y Shinohara, K Edmundson, M Perry, KA Coutanceau, C Mitsushima, S Strasser, P Mantz, R Fuller, T Narayanan, SR TI Modeling Hierarchical Non-Precious Metal Catalyst Cathodes for PEFCs Using Multi-Scale X-ray CT Imaging SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 14 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Symposium (PEFC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Ind Electrochemistry and Electrochem Engn Div, Battery Div, Corros Div, Energy Technol Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Army Res Off, Off Naval Res, N E CHEMCAT Corp ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; IRON AB This paper reports the development of a model for simulating polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) with non-precious metal catalyst (NPMC) cathodes. NPMCs present an opportunity to dramatically reduce the cost of PEFC electrodes by removing the costly Pt catalyst. To address the significant transport losses in thick NPMC cathodes (ca. > 60 mu m), we developed a hierarchical electrode model that resolves the unique structure of the NPMCs we studied. A unique feature of the approach is the integration of the model with morphology data extracted from nano-scale resolution X-ray computed tomography (nano-CT) imaging of the electrodes. A notable finding is the impact of the liquid water accumulation in the electrode and the significant performance improvement possible if electrode flooding is mitigated. C1 [Babu, S. Komini; Litster, S.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Chung, H.; Wu, G.; Zelenay, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Babu, SK (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Wu, Gang/E-8536-2010; Chung, Hoon/A-7916-2012; OI Wu, Gang/0000-0003-4956-5208; Chung, Hoon/0000-0002-5367-9294; Komini Babu, Siddharth/0000-0001-5724-8486 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-539-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 3 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1149/06403.0281ecst PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science GA BC9PA UT WOS:000356722200032 ER PT S AU Martinez, U Williamson, TL Artyushkova, K Mack, NH Purdy, GM Dumont, JH Kelly, D Gao, W Dattelbaum, AM Mohite, A Gupta, G Zelenay, P AF Martinez, U. Williamson, T. L. Artyushkova, K. Mack, N. H. Purdy, G. M. Dumont, J. H. Kelly, D. Gao, W. Dattelbaum, A. M. Mohite, A. Gupta, G. Zelenay, P. BE Gasteiger, HA Uchida, H Buchi, FN SwiderLyons, K Jones, D Ramani, V Schmidt, TJ Weber, A Fenton, JM Meas, Y Shinohara, K Edmundson, M Perry, KA Coutanceau, C Mitsushima, S Strasser, P Mantz, R Fuller, T Narayanan, SR TI Thin-Film Non-Precious Metal Model Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 14 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Symposium (PEFC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Ind Electrochemistry and Electrochem Engn Div, Battery Div, Corros Div, Energy Technol Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Army Res Off, Off Naval Res, N E CHEMCAT Corp ID NITROGEN-DOPED GRAPHENE; LIQUID-PHASE EXFOLIATION; FUEL-CELLS; GRAPHITE; IRON; OXIDE; ELECTROCATALYST; ELECTROLYTE; IMPURITIES; COMPOSITE AB In this work, a novel systematic bottom-up approach in the investigation of the role of each component in non-precious metal ORR electrocatalysts is developed. Liquid-phase exfoliated graphite and graphene oxide were used as model two-dimensional carbon precursors. Nitrogen doping of these precursors was achieved via high-temperature ammonia treatment, as well as a novel technique of energetic neutral atom beam lithography/epitaxy (ENABLE), introduced for the first time. ENABLE offers the ability of working at high kinetic energies, overcoming high thermal limitation barriers, and allowing for direct chemical bond activation of graphitic systems at lower temperatures. The correlation of chemical-structure to ORR activity of these model nitrogen-doped systems was investigated using ultrathin film electrodes. C1 [Martinez, U.; Purdy, G. M.; Dumont, J. H.; Gao, W.; Dattelbaum, A. M.; Mohite, A.; Gupta, G.; Zelenay, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Williamson, T. L.; Kelly, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Diagnost & Engn, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Artyushkova, K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Mack, N. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Chem & Appl Spect, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Martinez, U (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Artyushkova, Kateryna/B-4709-2008 OI Artyushkova, Kateryna/0000-0002-2611-0422 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-539-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 3 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1149/06403.0293ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science GA BC9PA UT WOS:000356722200033 ER PT S AU Stewart, SM Borup, R Wilson, M Datye, A Garzon, F AF Stewart, S. Michael Borup, Rodney Wilson, Mahlon Datye, Abhaya Garzon, Fernando BE Gasteiger, HA Uchida, H Buchi, FN SwiderLyons, K Jones, D Ramani, V Schmidt, TJ Weber, A Fenton, JM Meas, Y Shinohara, K Edmundson, M Perry, KA Coutanceau, C Mitsushima, S Strasser, P Mantz, R Fuller, T Narayanan, SR TI Ceria and Doped Ceria Nanoparticle Additives For Polymer Fuel Cell Lifetime Improvement SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 14 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Symposium (PEFC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Ind Electrochemistry and Electrochem Engn Div, Battery Div, Corros Div, Energy Technol Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Army Res Off, Off Naval Res, N E CHEMCAT Corp ID DEGRADATION AB Polymer electrolyte fuel cell membranes are degraded by oxygen free radical attack. The addition of cerium oxide and doped cerium oxide nanoparticles improves membrane stability as measured by open circuit voltage and low humidity accelerated stress testing. In this work we varied the crystallite size of ceria nanoparticles and investigated their role in enhancing durability of the PEM fuel cell. We found that the ratio of the free radical production to hydrogen peroxide decomposition rates provides a novel approach to characterize the efficiency of free radical scavenging catalysts. Nanoparticle crystallite size and doping plays a significant role in determining the surface area normalized efficiency of ceria based free radical scavengers. C1 [Stewart, S. Michael] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Borup, Rodney; Wilson, Mahlon; Garzon, Fernando] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Datye, Abhaya] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Stewart, SM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. OI Wilson, Mahlon/0000-0002-5944-2650 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-539-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 3 BP 403 EP 411 DI 10.1149/06403.0403ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science GA BC9PA UT WOS:000356722200043 ER PT S AU LaManna, JM Mench, MM AF LaManna, J. M. Mench, M. M. BE Gasteiger, HA Uchida, H Buchi, FN SwiderLyons, K Jones, D Ramani, V Schmidt, TJ Weber, A Fenton, JM Meas, Y Shinohara, K Edmundson, M Perry, KA Coutanceau, C Mitsushima, S Strasser, P Mantz, R Fuller, T Narayanan, SR TI Engineering Net Water Balance in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 14 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Symposium (PEFC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Ind Electrochemistry and Electrochem Engn Div, Battery Div, Corros Div, Energy Technol Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Army Res Off, Off Naval Res, N E CHEMCAT Corp ID PLANE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CARBON CORROSION; TRANSPORT; STACK; FLOW AB The net water drag in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is a result of a variety of transport processes. There is often a need to tailor the water balance to achieve higher performance under dry operating conditions. The motivation of this collected work is to understand the methods by which we can control the water transport in a PEFC via engineering of the components and architecture. Experimental and numerical models have been developed to measure and predict this, and various pathways for control of water storage and transport will be discussed. In particular, control of the micro and macroporous layer thermal and mass transport resistance, cell architecture, and microporous layer vertical bar catalyst layer interface will be shown to be capable of manipulating the net water storage and drag coefficient. C1 [LaManna, J. M.; Mench, M. M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Electrochem Energy Storage & Convers Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Mench, M. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. RP LaManna, JM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Electrochem Energy Storage & Convers Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mmench@utk.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-539-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 3 BP 451 EP 458 DI 10.1149/06403.0451ecst PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science GA BC9PA UT WOS:000356722200048 ER PT S AU Koestner, R Cullen, D Kukreja, R Minko, S Meyer, HM Liu, Z More, KL AF Koestner, R. Cullen, D. Kukreja, R. Minko, S. Meyer, H. M. Liu, Z. More, K. L. BE Gasteiger, HA Uchida, H Buchi, FN SwiderLyons, K Jones, D Ramani, V Schmidt, TJ Weber, A Fenton, JM Meas, Y Shinohara, K Edmundson, M Perry, KA Coutanceau, C Mitsushima, S Strasser, P Mantz, R Fuller, T Narayanan, SR TI High-Resolution Mapping of the PFSA Polymer Distribution in PEFC Electrode Layers SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 14 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Symposium (PEFC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Ind Electrochemistry and Electrochem Engn Div, Battery Div, Corros Div, Energy Technol Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Army Res Off, Off Naval Res, N E CHEMCAT Corp ID MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; ELECTROCATALYSTS; MICROSCOPY AB Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer is a key component within electrode layers for the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) since the solid electrolyte enables proton transport to the active catalyst site. Both the through-layer loading on a 100-nm length scale as well as the local film thickness distribution on a 1-nm scale of the ionomer in the porous layer structure are important to electrode performance so quantitative measurements of both properties are desired. In this paper, we present ionomer mapping measurements at both length scales using two common PEFC electrode constructions. C1 [Koestner, R.; Kukreja, R.; Liu, Z.] GM Powertrain Engn, Pontiac, MI 48340 USA. [Cullen, D.; Meyer, H. M.; More, K. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Minko, S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Koestner, R (reprint author), GM Powertrain Engn, Pontiac, MI 48340 USA. RI Cullen, David/A-2918-2015; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Cullen, David/0000-0002-2593-7866; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-539-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 3 BP 819 EP 827 DI 10.1149/06403.0819ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science GA BC9PA UT WOS:000356722200081 ER PT S AU Wheeler, DJ Ulsh, M AF Wheeler, Douglas J. Ulsh, Michael BE Gasteiger, HA Uchida, H Buchi, FN SwiderLyons, K Jones, D Ramani, V Schmidt, TJ Weber, A Fenton, JM Meas, Y Shinohara, K Edmundson, M Perry, KA Coutanceau, C Mitsushima, S Strasser, P Mantz, R Fuller, T Narayanan, SR TI Manufacturing Readiness and Cost Impacts for PEM Stack and Balance of Plant SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 14 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Symposium (PEFC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Ind Electrochemistry and Electrochem Engn Div, Battery Div, Corros Div, Energy Technol Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Army Res Off, Off Naval Res, N E CHEMCAT Corp AB The results of two Manufacturing Readiness Assessments of PEM fuel cell stacks and material handling equipment (MHE) and backup power (BUP) PEM fuel cell systems are given. Design modifications of fuel cell systems were made because the initial, 2008 designs did not fully meet the operational requirements of the markets. This situation indicates the 2008 risk elements were overstated. For 2010 BUP and MHE fuel cell systems, manufacturers had not reached the Low Rate Initial Production (LRIP) defined in the 2008 MRA Report at 1,000 units per year per manufacturer. For fuel cell stacks, LRIP was demonstrated by more than one manufacturer. The federal tax incentive program has compensated for the initial high cost of fuel cell systems. The Balance-of-Plant (BOP) has not evolved as rapidly as the PEM fuel cell stack manufacturing readiness. The BOP in 2014 is as costly as the fuel cell stack for MHE applications. C1 [Wheeler, Douglas J.] DJW TECHNOL LLC, Dublin, OH 43017 USA. [Ulsh, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wheeler, DJ (reprint author), DJW TECHNOL LLC, Dublin, OH 43017 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-539-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 3 BP 897 EP 908 DI 10.1149/06403.0897ecst PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science GA BC9PA UT WOS:000356722200088 ER PT S AU Sarode, H Vandiver, MA Liu, Y Maes, AM Pandey, TP Ertem, SP Tsai, TH Zhang, BZ Herbst, DC Lindberg, GE Tse, YLS Seifert, S Di Noto, V Coughlin, EB Yan, YS Voth, GA Witten, TA Knauss, D Liberatore, MW Herring, AM AF Sarode, Himanshu Vandiver, Melissa A. Liu, Ye Maes, Ashley M. Pandey, Tara P. Ertem, S. Piril Tsai, Tsunghan Zhang, Bingzi Herbst, Daniel C. Lindberg, Gerrick E. Tse, Ying-Lung Steven Seifert, Soenke Di Noto, Vito Coughlin, E. Bryan Yan, Yushan Voth, Gregory A. Witten, Thomas A. Knauss, Daniel Liberatore, Matthew W. Herring, Andrew M. BE Gasteiger, HA Uchida, H Buchi, FN SwiderLyons, K Jones, D Ramani, V Schmidt, TJ Weber, A Fenton, JM Meas, Y Shinohara, K Edmundson, M Perry, KA Coutanceau, C Mitsushima, S Strasser, P Mantz, R Fuller, T Narayanan, SR TI Thin Robust Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 14 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Symposium (PEFC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Ind Electrochemistry and Electrochem Engn Div, Battery Div, Corros Div, Energy Technol Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Army Res Off, Off Naval Res, N E CHEMCAT Corp AB Extensive transport and modeling studies have been performed on a series of polymers based on the benzyltrimethylamonium cations. We have created a realistic reactive model of solvated hydroxide that has interesting properties in the polymer matrix. In ordered di-block polymers we have strong theoretical evidence for a heterogeneous distribution of water across the channel. Fluoride is used as a non-reactive surrogate for hydroxide to increase the computational efficiency of transport calculations that can be performed. In addition to these studies we are discovering new base stable processable robust polymer backbones and cations. These bulky cations seem to dramatically affect the transport properties of the anions showing a VTF rather than an Arrhenius behavior with temperature. C1 [Sarode, Himanshu; Vandiver, Melissa A.; Liu, Ye; Maes, Ashley M.; Pandey, Tara P.; Liberatore, Matthew W.; Herring, Andrew M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Knauss, Daniel] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ertem, S. Piril; Tsai, Tsunghan; Coughlin, E. Bryan; Voth, Gregory A.] Univ Massachusetts, Conte Res Ctr, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Zhang, Bingzi; Yan, Yushan] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Lindberg, Gerrick E.; Tse, Ying-Lung Steven] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Herbst, Daniel C.; Witten, Thomas A.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Herbst, Daniel C.; Witten, Thomas A.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Seifert, Soenke] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Seifert, Soenke] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Sci Chim, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Sarode, H (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Liberatore, Matthew/B-6828-2008; OI Herring, Andrew/0000-0001-7318-5999; DI NOTO, VITO/0000-0002-8030-6979 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-539-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 3 BP 1185 EP 1194 DI 10.1149/06403.1185ecst PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science GA BC9PA UT WOS:000356722200117 ER PT S AU Sturgeon, MR Macomber, CS Engtrakul, C Pivovar, BS AF Sturgeon, Matthew R. Macomber, Clay S. Engtrakul, Chaiwat Pivovar, Bryan S. BE Gasteiger, HA Uchida, H Buchi, FN SwiderLyons, K Jones, D Ramani, V Schmidt, TJ Weber, A Fenton, JM Meas, Y Shinohara, K Edmundson, M Perry, KA Coutanceau, C Mitsushima, S Strasser, P Mantz, R Fuller, T Narayanan, SR TI Baseline BTMA Degradation as a Standard for Cationic Degradation in AEMFCs SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 14 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Symposium (PEFC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Ind Electrochemistry and Electrochem Engn Div, Battery Div, Corros Div, Energy Technol Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Army Res Off, Off Naval Res, N E CHEMCAT Corp ID ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; ALKALINE STABILITY; FUEL-CELLS; IMIDAZOLIUM AB Alkaline membranes are of high interest as hydroxide conducting polymers in electrochemical devices. Benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA) has historically been the cation most often employed in anion exchange membranes. Fuel cell literature often compares cation stabilities under alkaline conditions to that of BTMA. However throughout the literature each study employs a different experimental method when determining these stabilities. This variety of methods makes cross comparisons of novel cations difficult if at all possible. Additionally, we have found that several methods reported have inherent flaws in their findings due to the difficulty of performing stability experiments with high base concentrations. Herein we report a reliable, standardized method of determining cation stability under alkaline conditions that mimic those expected under operating conditions of electrochemical devices. During development, several common experimental pitfalls are addressed and avoided. The standardized method has been employed to determine BTMA stabilities at varying concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 M BTMA) at 120, 140 and 160 degrees C in 2 M KOH in H2O, and have found BTMA to be very stable at 80 degrees C. C1 [Sturgeon, Matthew R.; Macomber, Clay S.; Engtrakul, Chaiwat; Pivovar, Bryan S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sturgeon, MR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-539-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 3 BP 1201 EP 1209 DI 10.1149/06403.1201ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science GA BC9PA UT WOS:000356722200119 ER PT S AU Long, H Pivovar, BS AF Long, H. Pivovar, B. S. BE Gasteiger, HA Uchida, H Buchi, FN SwiderLyons, K Jones, D Ramani, V Schmidt, TJ Weber, A Fenton, JM Meas, Y Shinohara, K Edmundson, M Perry, KA Coutanceau, C Mitsushima, S Strasser, P Mantz, R Fuller, T Narayanan, SR TI Computational Modeling of Degradation of Substituted Benzyltrimethyl Ammonium SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 14 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Symposium (PEFC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Ind Electrochemistry and Electrochem Engn Div, Battery Div, Corros Div, Energy Technol Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Army Res Off, Off Naval Res, N E CHEMCAT Corp ID ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; ALKALINE FUEL-CELLS; DECOMPOSITION PATHWAYS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; STABILITY; CATIONS AB The stability of cations used in the alkaline exchange membranes has been a major challenge for alkaline membrane fuel cells. In this paper, the degradation barriers were investigated by density functional theory for substituted benzyltrimethyl ammonium (BTMA(+)) cations. BTMA(+) is one of the most commonly used cations for alkaline exchange membranes. It was found that substituted cations with electron-donating substituent groups at meta-position of the benzyl ring could result in improved degradation barriers. However, after investigating more than thirty substituted BTMA(+) cations with ten different substituent groups, the largest improvement of degradation barriers calculated was only 1.6 kcal/mol. While this may be a meaningful increase in stability for some applications, it suggests that only a modest improvement in stability is possible through substitution of BTMA(+). C1 [Long, H.; Pivovar, B. S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Long, H (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-539-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 3 BP 1211 EP 1219 DI 10.1149/06403.1211ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science GA BC9PA UT WOS:000356722200120 ER PT S AU Mamun, MA Zhang, K Baumgart, H Elmustafa, AA AF Mamun, M. A. Zhang, K. Baumgart, H. Elmustafa, A. A. BE Moriceau, H Baumgart, H Goorsky, MS Hobart, KD Knechtel, R Suga, T Tan, CS TI Nanomechanical Properties of Standard and Strained SOI Films Fabricated by Wafer Bonding and Layer Splitting SO SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER BONDING 13: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Semiconductor Wafer Bonding - Science, Technology and Applications as part of the 226th Meeting of the Electrochem Soc CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electrochim Soc, Elect & Photon Div, Electro Vis Grp, X FAB Semiconductor Foundries AG, Appl Microengineering Ltd ID SI AB Biaxial tensile strained Si layers grown epitaxially on SiGe have attracted renewed attention for high performance CMOS devices. Strain engineering for mobility enhancement is an attractive option to improve CMOS device performance. Epitaxial Si1-xGex and most recently Ge-free bi-axially strained sSOI are among the serious candidates for higher mobility channel material. We demonstrate how the fabrication of thin single crystal Si devices by wafer bonding and hydrogen ion cut film exfoliation technique is affecting their nanomechanical properties compared to bulk single crystal Si. Although both the handle wafer and the bonded thin device layer are single crystal Si, it turns out that their nanomechanical properties differ considerably. Using nanoindentation, we measured the properties of SOI and bi-axially tensile strained sSOI and benchmarked the results against single crystal bulk Si. The experimental results indicate that the hardness of the strained thin Si films varies significantly. C1 [Mamun, M. A.; Elmustafa, A. A.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Mamun, M. A.; Zhang, K.; Baumgart, H.; Elmustafa, A. A.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Zhang, K.; Baumgart, H.] Thomas Jefferson Lab, Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Mamun, MA (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-542-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 5 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1149/06405.0027ecst PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BC9PI UT WOS:000356729600004 ER PT S AU Arima, K Kawai, Y Minoura, Y Saito, Y Mori, D Oka, H Kawai, K Hosoi, T Liu, Z Watanabe, H Morita, M AF Arima, K. Kawai, Y. Minoura, Y. Saito, Y. Mori, D. Oka, H. Kawai, K. Hosoi, T. Liu, Z. Watanabe, H. Morita, M. BE Kar, S VanElshocht, S Kita, K Dayeh, S Houssa, M Misra, D Landheer, D Jagannathan, H TI Ambient-Pressure XPS Study of GeO2/Ge(100) and SiO2/Si(100) at Controlled Relative Humidity SO SEMICONDUCTORS, DIELECTRICS, AND METALS FOR NANOELECTRONICS 12 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Semiconductors, Dielectrics, and Metals for Nanoelectronics held during the 226th Meeting of The Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 05-10, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Electron & Photon Div ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; GROWTH; WATER AB Ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to unveil the water uptake of a thin GeO2 film on Ge(100) as well as its effect on the electronic properties of the oxide film. We also compare these results with those for a SiO2/Si(100) sample. We detect significant positive charging of the GeO2 film once it is exposed to water vapor even at a low relative humidity (RH) of approximately 10-4%. We also show that the amount of adsorbed water is much larger on GeO2 than on SiO2 at RH above 10(-4)%, probably due to the permeability of GeO2. Two possible mechanisms are proposed to explain such water-induced positive charging of the GeO2 film. C1 [Arima, K.; Kawai, Y.; Saito, Y.; Mori, D.; Kawai, K.; Morita, M.] Osaka Univ, Dept Precis Sci & Technol, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Minoura, Y.; Oka, H.; Hosoi, T.; Watanabe, H.] Osaka Univ, Dept Mat & Life Sci, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Liu, Z.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RP Arima, K (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Precis Sci & Technol, 2-1 Yamada Oka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-545-6 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 8 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1149/06408.0077ecst PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BC9PL UT WOS:000356769000009 ER PT S AU Tang, W Picraux, ST Liu, X Tu, KN Dayeh, SA AF Tang, W. Picraux, S. T. Liu, X. Tu, K. N. Dayeh, S. A. BE Kar, S VanElshocht, S Kita, K Dayeh, S Houssa, M Misra, D Landheer, D Jagannathan, H TI In Situ TEM Study on Au Mediated Growth of NiSi2 in Si Nanowire: A Vapor-Liquid-Solid Analogy SO SEMICONDUCTORS, DIELECTRICS, AND METALS FOR NANOELECTRONICS 12 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Semiconductors, Dielectrics, and Metals for Nanoelectronics held during the 226th Meeting of The Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 05-10, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Electron & Photon Div ID NICKEL SILICIDE; NUCLEATION; TRANSISTORS; DEFECT AB The vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism is the prominent growth process for semiconductor nanowires (NWs), for example in Si NW growth. By forming Au-Si eutectic alloy, Si atoms can be sufficiently mobile in the liquid while finding their crystal sites before precipitating out into a solid phase. We report here an in-situ TEM study of new solid-liquid-solid (SLS) Ni disilicide phase growth mechanism in Si NWs that is analogous to the VLS mechanism in being a liquid-mediated growth, but is fundamentally different in terms of nucleation and mass transport. The new mechanism can be potentially used in synthesizing metallic nanowires without templates. C1 [Tang, W.; Tu, K. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Tang, W.; Picraux, S. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Liu, X.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Dayeh, S. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Tang, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Tang, Wei/A-6917-2015 OI Tang, Wei/0000-0001-6113-7201 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-545-6 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 8 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1149/06408.0085ecst PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BC9PL UT WOS:000356769000010 ER PT S AU Tang, W Picraux, ST Gusak, AM Tu, KN Dayeh, SA AF Tang, W. Picraux, S. T. Gusak, A. M. Tu, K. N. Dayeh, S. A. BE Kar, S VanElshocht, S Kita, K Dayeh, S Houssa, M Misra, D Landheer, D Jagannathan, H TI Dynamical Imaging of Nickel Disilicide Nucleation and Step Flow Propagation in Defect-engineered Si Nanowire SO SEMICONDUCTORS, DIELECTRICS, AND METALS FOR NANOELECTRONICS 12 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Semiconductors, Dielectrics, and Metals for Nanoelectronics held during the 226th Meeting of The Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 05-10, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Electron & Photon Div ID SILICIDE AB The Ni silicides and Si metal-semiconductor contacts are a vital element in the state-of-the-art commercial transistor devices. The latest source/drain (S/D) engineering technology designs the S/D crystal structure (e.g. intentional incorporation of stacking faults) that strains the channel to enhance device performance. Understanding the role of structural alternation, or defects, in Si-Ni reaction is therefore important in achieving precise control of the contact formation process at an atomic scale. Here, we present a study of Si-Ni reaction by lattice-resolved in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and found that presence of defects in Si can fundamentally change the silicide nucleation mechanism and growth behavior. C1 [Tang, W.; Tu, K. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Tang, W.; Picraux, S. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gusak, A. M.] Cherkasy Natl Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, Cherkassy, Ukraine. [Dayeh, S. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Tang, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Tang, Wei/A-6917-2015; OI Tang, Wei/0000-0001-6113-7201; Gusak, Andriy/0000-0002-2594-5559 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-545-6 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 8 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1149/06408.0101ecst PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BC9PL UT WOS:000356769000013 ER PT S AU Tsetseris, L Wang, B Pantelides, ST AF Tsetseris, L. Wang, B. Pantelides, S. T. BE Kar, S VanElshocht, S Kita, K Dayeh, S Houssa, M Misra, D Landheer, D Jagannathan, H TI Doping, Functionalization, and Permeability of Graphene: Insights from First-Principles Studies SO SEMICONDUCTORS, DIELECTRICS, AND METALS FOR NANOELECTRONICS 12 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Semiconductors, Dielectrics, and Metals for Nanoelectronics held during the 226th Meeting of The Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 05-10, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Electron & Photon Div ID ENERGY AB Even though graphene is exceptional with respect to several physical properties, its use in electronic devices requires modification of the material. For example, development of graphene-based transistors necessitates the controlled increase of the number of charge carriers. Other applications may employ graphene chemical derivatives with enhanced functionalities. Here we review results from recent density-functional theory (DFT) studies on key processes that could dope or functionalize graphene. We demonstrate the crucial role carbon vacancies (single vacancies or double vacancies) can play in enabling substitutional doping and describe a vacancy-free doping scheme that employs the physisorption of ammonium groups. Finally, we show that graphene may be selectively permeable to certain atomic species, for example boron atoms. C1 [Tsetseris, L.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Phys, GR-15780 Athens, Greece. [Tsetseris, L.; Wang, B.; Pantelides, S. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Pantelides, S. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsetseris, L (reprint author), Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Phys, GR-15780 Athens, Greece. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-545-6 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 8 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1149/06408.0121ecst PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BC9PL UT WOS:000356769000015 ER PT J AU Lin, L Poore, JH Prowell, SJ AF Lin, Lan Poore, Jesse H. Prowell, Stacy J. GP IEEE BE Babu, SP Wenzheng, L Tsui, E TI A Greedy Reliability Estimator for Usage-Based Statistical Testing SO 2014 5TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND SERVICE SCIENCE (ICSESS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS) CY JUN 27-29, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE DE system reliability; statistical testing; Markov chain usage models; reliability estimation ID SYSTEM RELIABILITY; MODELS AB Markov chain usage models have been a basis for statistical testing of software intensive systems for more than two decades. During this time, several reliability estimators have been formulated and used in testing. This paper presents an improvement on the arc-based Bayesian estimator distributed with Version 4.5 of the JUMBL (J Usage Model Builder Library) [1]. The arc-based Bayesian estimator is conservative, and especially so for samples that are small relative to the entropy in the model. We call the new model the "greedy estimator" because it combines the specific information from testing with the inference attributed to the total population. The greedy estimator is shown analytically and experimentally to give more accurate estimates than its predecessor on concrete models, although they converge in the long run. The results of using the greedy estimator are demonstrated for a set of testing data for a tape drive controller. C1 [Lin, Lan] Ball State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [Poore, Jesse H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Prowell, Stacy J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Cyberspace Sci & Informat Intelligence Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lin, L (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. EM llin4@bsu.edu; poore@eecs.utk.edu; sprowell@gmail.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3279-5 PY 2014 BP 86 EP 89 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC8OA UT WOS:000355926400018 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Lee, C Xiao, S Votava, P Lee, TJ Nemani, R Foster, I AF Zhang, Jia Lee, Chris Xiao, Sean Votava, Petr Lee, Tsengdar J. Nemani, Ramakrishna Foster, Ian GP IEEE TI A Community-Driven Workflow Recommendations and Reuse Infrastructure SO 2014 IEEE 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SERVICE ORIENTED SYSTEM ENGINEERING (SOSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Symposium on Service Oriented System Engineering (SOSE) CY APR 07-11, 2014 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc AB NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) aims to provide a platform to enable and facilitate scientific collaboration and knowledge sharing in the Earth sciences, as current satellite measurements rapidly magnify the accumulation of more than 40 years of NASA datasets. One of the main objectives of NEX is to help Earth scientists leverage and reuse various data processing software modules developed by their peers, in order to quickly run value-added executable experiments (workflows). Toward this goal, this paper reports our efforts of leveraging social network analysis to intelligently extract hidden information from data processing workflows. By modeling Earth science workflow modules as social entities and their dependencies as social relationships, this research opens up new vistas for applying social science to facilitate software reuse and distributed workflow development. As a proof of concept, a prototyping system has been developed as a plug-in to the NEX workflow design and management system (VisTrails) to aid Earth scientists in discovering and reusing workflow modules and extending them to solve more complex science problems. C1 [Zhang, Jia; Lee, Chris; Xiao, Sean] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Lee, Chris; Nemani, Ramakrishna] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. [Lee, Tsengdar J.] NASA Headquarters, Sci Miss Directorate, Mountain View, CA USA. [Foster, Ian] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Foster, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM jia.zhang@sv.cmu.edu; chris.lee@sv.cmu.edu; petr.votava@nasa.gov; tsengdar.j.lee@nasa.gov; rama.nemani@nasa.gov; foster@mcs.anl.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3616-8 PY 2014 BP 162 EP 172 DI 10.1109/SOSE.2014.23 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BC8UZ UT WOS:000356137500019 ER PT J AU Kiapour, MH Yager, K Berg, AC Berg, TL AF Kiapour, M. Hadi Yager, Kevin Berg, Alexander C. Berg, Tamara L. GP IEEE TI Materials Discovery: Fine-Grained Classification of X-ray Scattering Images SO 2014 IEEE WINTER CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER VISION (WACV) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) CY MAR 24-26, 2014 CL Steamboat Springs, CO SP IEEE ID DIFFRACTION; SCENE AB We explore the use of computer vision methods for organizing, searching, and classifying x-ray scattering images. X-ray scattering is a technique that shines an intense beam of x-rays through a sample of interest. By recording the intensity of x-ray deflection as a function of angle, scientists can measure the structure of materials at the molecular and nano-scale. Current and planned synchrotron instruments are producing x-ray scattering data at an unprecedented rate, making the design of automatic analysis techniques crucial for future research. In this paper, we devise an attribute-based approach to recognition in x-ray scattering images and demonstrate applications to image annotation and retrieval. C1 [Kiapour, M. Hadi; Berg, Alexander C.; Berg, Tamara L.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Yager, Kevin] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kiapour, MH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM hadi@cs.unc.edu; kyager@bnl.gov; aberg@cs.unc.edu; tlberg@cs.unc.edu RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2014 BP 933 EP 940 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC8WG UT WOS:000356144800125 ER PT S AU Ammons, SM Neichel, B Lu, J Gavel, DT Srinath, S McGurk, R Rudy, A Rockosi, C Marois, C Macintosh, B Savransky, D Galicher, R Bendek, E Guyon, O Marin, E Garrel, V Sivo, G AF Ammons, S. Mark Neichel, Benoit Lu, Jessica Gavel, Donald T. Srinath, Srikar McGurk, Rosalie Rudy, Alex Rockosi, Connie Marois, Christian Macintosh, Bruce Savransky, Dmitry Galicher, Raphael Bendek, Eduardo Guyon, Olivier Marin, Eduardo Garrel, Vincent Sivo, Gaetano BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI A Measurement of the Systematic Astrometric Error in GeMS and the Short-Term Astrometric Precision in ShaneAO SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE astrometry; adaptive optics; multi-conjugate; tomography; M92; NGC 1851; brown dwarf ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS AB We measure the long-term systematic component of the astrometric error in the GeMS MCAO system as a function of field radius and Ks magnitude. The experiment uses two epochs of observations of NGC 1851 separated by one month. The systematic component is estimated for each of three field of view cases (15'' radius, 30'' radius, and full field) and each of three distortion correction schemes: 8 DOF/chip + local distortion correction (LDC), 8 DOF/chip with no LDC, and 4 DOF/chip with no LDC. For bright, unsaturated stars with 13 < Ks < 16, the systematic component is < 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mas, respectively, for the 15'' radius, 30'' radius, and full field cases, provided that an 8 DOF/chip distortion correction with LDC (for the full-field case) is used to correct distortions. An 8 DOF/chip distortion-correction model always outperforms a 4 DOF/chip model, at all field positions and magnitudes and for all field-of-view cases, indicating the presence of high-order distortion changes. Given the order of the models needed to correct these distortions (similar to 8 DOF/chip or 32 degrees of freedom total), it is expected that at least 25 stars per square arcminute would be needed to keep systematic errors at less than 0.3 milliarcseconds for multi-year programs. We also estimate the short-term astrometric precision of the newly upgraded Shane AO system with undithered M92 observations. Using a 6-parameter linear transformation to register images, the system delivers similar to 0.3 mas astrometric error over short-term observations of 2-3 minutes. C1 [Ammons, S. Mark] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Neichel, Benoit] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Lu, Jessica] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gavel, Donald T.; Srinath, Srikar; McGurk, Rosalie; Rudy, Alex; Rockosi, Connie] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Marois, Christian] Natl Res Council Canada, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Macintosh, Bruce] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Galicher, Raphael] UPMC, CNRS, LESIA, Observ Paris, Meudon, France. [Bendek, Eduardo] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Guyon, Olivier] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Neichel, Benoit; Marin, Eduardo; Garrel, Vincent; Sivo, Gaetano] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. RP Ammons, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ammons1@llnl.gov RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Lu, Jessica/0000-0001-9611-0009 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91481J DI 10.1117/12.2057233 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800045 ER PT S AU Hartung, M Macintosh, B Langlois, P Sadakuni, N Gavel, D Wallace, JK Palmer, D Poyneer, L Savransky, D Thomas, S Dillon, D Dunn, J Hibon, P Rantakyro, F Goodsell, S AF Hartung, Markus Macintosh, Bruce Langlois, Paul Sadakuni, Naru Gavel, Don Wallace, J. Kent Palmer, Dave Poyneer, Lisa Savransky, Dmitry Thomas, Sandrine Dillon, Darren Dunn, Jennifer Hibon, Pascal Rantakyro, Fredrik Goodsell, Stephen BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI On-sky low order non-common path correction of the GPI Calibration Unit SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE High contrast imaging; non-common path aberrations AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) entered on-sky commissioning phase, and had its First Light at the Gemini South telescope in November 2013. Meanwhile, the fast loops for atmospheric correction of the Extreme Adaptive Optics (XAO) system have been closed on many dozen stars at different magnitudes (1=4-8), elevation angles and a variety of seeing conditions, and a stable loop performance was achieved from the beginning. Ultimate contrast performance requires a very low residual wavefront error (design goal 60 nm RMS), and optimization of the planet finding instrument on different ends has just begun to deepen and widen its dark hole region. Laboratory raw contrast benchmarks are in the order of 10(-6) or smaller. In the telescope environment and in standard operations new challenges are faced (changing gravity, temperature, vibrations) that are tackled by a variety of techniques such as Kalman filtering, open-loop models to keep alignment to within 5 mas, speckle nulling, and a calibration unit (CAL). The CAL unit was especially designed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to control slowly varying wavefront errors at the focal plane of the apodized Lyot coronagraph by the means of two wavefront sensors: 1) a 7x7 low order Shack-Hartmann SH wavefront sensor (LOWFS), and 2) a special Mach-Zehnder interferometer for mid-order spatial frequencies (HOWFS) - atypical in that the beam is split in the focal plane via a pinhole but recombined in the pupil plane with a beamsplitter. The original design goal aimed for sensing and correcting on a level of a few nm which is extremely challenging in a telescope environment. This paper focuses on non-common path low order wavefront correction as achieved through the CAL unit on sky. We will present the obtained results as well as explain challenges that we are facing. C1 [Hartung, Markus; Langlois, Paul; Sadakuni, Naru; Hibon, Pascal; Rantakyro, Fredrik; Goodsell, Stephen] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Macintosh, Bruce] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gavel, Don; Dillon, Darren] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wallace, J. Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Palmer, Dave; Poyneer, Lisa] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine] NASA Ames, Mountain View, CA USA. [Dunn, Jennifer] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Hartung, M (reprint author), Gemini Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. EM mhartung@gemini.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR UNSP 91485Q DI 10.1117/12.2056661 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800175 ER PT S AU Hartung, M Hayward, T Saddlemyer, L Poyneer, L Cardwell, A Cavedoni, C Cho, M Chilcote, JK Collins, P Dillon, D Galvez, R Gausachs, G Goodsell, S Guesalaga, A Hibon, P Larkin, J Macintosh, B Palmer, D Sadakuni, N Savransky, D Serio, A Rantakyro, F Wallace, K AF Hartung, Markus Hayward, Tom Saddlemyer, Les Poyneer, Lisa Cardwell, Andrew Cavedoni, Chas Cho, Myung Chilcote, Jeffrey K. Collins, Paul Dillon, Darren Galvez, Ramon Gausachs, Gaston Goodsell, Stephen Guesalaga, Andres Hibon, Pascal Larkin, James Macintosh, Bruce Palmer, Dave Sadakuni, Naru Savransky, Dmitry Serio, Andrew Rantakyro, Fredrik Wallace, Kent BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI On-sky vibration environment for the Gemini Planet Imager and mitigation effort SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE High-contrast imaging; vibration absorbers; LQG; Kalman filter; telescope vibrations AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) entered on-sky commissioning and had its first-light at the Gemini South (GS) telescope in November 2013. GPI is an extreme adaptive optics (XAO), high-contrast imager and integral-field spectrograph dedicated to the direct detection of hot exo-planets down to a Jupiter mass. The performance of the apodized pupil Lyot coronagraph depends critically upon the residual wavefront error (design goal of 60nmRMS with <5 mas RMS tip/tilt), and therefore is most sensitive to vibration (internal or external) of Gemini's instrument suite. Excess vibration can be mitigated by a variety of methods such as passive or active dampening at the instrument or telescope structure or Kalman filtering of specific frequencies with the AO control loop. Understanding the sources, magnitudes and impact of vibration is key to mitigation. This paper gives an overview of related investigations based on instrument data (GPI AO module) as well as external data from accelerometer sensors placed at different locations on the GS telescope structure. We report the status of related mitigation efforts, and present corresponding results. C1 [Hartung, Markus; Hayward, Tom; Cardwell, Andrew; Collins, Paul; Galvez, Ramon; Gausachs, Gaston; Hibon, Pascal; Sadakuni, Naru; Savransky, Dmitry; Serio, Andrew; Rantakyro, Fredrik] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Saddlemyer, Les] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Poyneer, Lisa; Palmer, Dave] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Cavedoni, Chas; Goodsell, Stephen] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI USA. [Cho, Myung] Natl Opt Astron Observ, GSMT Program Off, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Chilcote, Jeffrey K.; Larkin, James] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Dillon, Darren] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Guesalaga, Andres] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Macintosh, Bruce] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wallace, Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hartung, M (reprint author), Gemini Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. EM mhartung@gemini.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91480N DI 10.1117/12.2057200 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800018 ER PT S AU Macintosh, BA Anthony, A Atwood, J Bauman, B Cardwell, A Caputa, K Chilcote, J de Rosa, RJ Dillon, D Doyon, R Dunn, J Erickson, D Fitzgerald, MP Gavel, DT Galvez, R Goodsell, S Graham, J Greenbaum, AZ Goodsell, S Hartung, M Hibon, P Ingraham, P Kerley, D Konopacky, Q Labrie, K Larkin, J Maire, J Marchis, F Marois, C Millar-Blanchaer, M Morzinski, K Nunez, A Oppenheimer, R Palmer, D Pazder, J Perrin, M Poyneer, LA Puyeo, L Quiroz, C Rantakyro, F Reshtov, V Saddlemyer, L Sadakuni, N Savransky, D Serio, A Sivaramakrishnan, A Smith, M Soummer, R Thomas, S Wallace, JK Wang, J Weiss, J Wiktorowicz, S Wolff, SG AF Macintosh, Bruce A. Anthony, Andre Atwood, Jenny Bauman, Brian Cardwell, Andrew Caputa, Kris Chilcote, Jeffery de Rosa, Robert J. Dillon, Daren Doyon, Rene Dunn, Jennifer Erickson, Darren Fitzgerald, Michael P. Gavel, Donald T. Galvez, Ramon Goodsell, Stephen Graham, James Greenbaum, Alexandra Z. Goodsell, Stephen Hartung, Markus Hibon, Pascale Ingraham, Patrick Kerley, Dan Konopacky, Quinn Labrie, Kathleen Larkin, James Maire, Jerome Marchis, Franck Marois, Christian Millar-Blanchaer, Max Morzinski, Katie Nunez, Arturo Oppenheimer, Rebecca Palmer, David Pazder, John Perrin, Marshall Poyneer, Lisa A. Puyeo, Laurent Quiroz, Carlos Rantakyro, Fredrik Reshtov, Vlad Saddlemyer, Les Sadakuni, Naru Savransky, Dmitry Serio, Andrew Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Smith, Malcolm Soummer, Remi Thomas, Sandrine Wallace, J. Kent Wang, Jason Weiss, Jason Wiktorowicz, Sloane Wolff, Schuyler G. BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI The Gemini Planet Imager: First Light and Commissioning SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Adaptive optics; extrasolar planets; coronagraphy; integral field spectrograph ID POINT-SPREAD FUNCTIONS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; ASTROMETRY; PHOTOMETRY AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a facility extreme-AO high-contrast instrument - optimized solely for study of faint companions - on the Gemini telescope. It combines a high-order MEMS AO system (1493 active actuators), an apodized-pupil Lyot coronagraph, a high-accuracy IR post-coronagraph wavefront sensor, and a near-infrared integral field spectrograph. GPI incorporates several other novel features such as ultra-high quality optics, a spatially-filtered wavefront sensor, and new calibration techniques. GPI had first light in November 2013. This paper presnets results of first-light and performance verification and optimization and shows early science results including extrasolar planet spectra and polarimetric detection of the HR4696A disk. GPI is now achieving contrasts approaching 10(-6) at 0.5" in 30 minute exposures C1 [Macintosh, Bruce A.; Ingraham, Patrick] Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cardwell, Andrew; Galvez, Ramon; Goodsell, Stephen; Goodsell, Stephen; Hartung, Markus; Hibon, Pascale; Labrie, Kathleen; Nunez, Arturo; Quiroz, Carlos; Rantakyro, Fredrik; Sadakuni, Naru; Serio, Andrew] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Dillon, Daren; Graham, James; Wang, Jason] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Doyon, Rene] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Gavel, Donald T.; Wiktorowicz, Sloane] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Chilcote, Jeffery; Fitzgerald, Michael P.; Larkin, James; Weiss, Jason] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Oppenheimer, Rebecca] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Anthony, Andre; Atwood, Jenny; Caputa, Kris; Dunn, Jennifer; Kerley, Dan; Marois, Christian; Pazder, John; Reshtov, Vlad; Saddlemyer, Les; Smith, Malcolm] Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V8X 4M6, Canada. [Wallace, J. Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Perrin, Marshall; Puyeo, Laurent; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Soummer, Remi] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Konopacky, Quinn; Maire, Jerome; Millar-Blanchaer, Max] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.; Wolff, Schuyler G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce A.; Bauman, Brian; Palmer, David; Poyneer, Lisa A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Marchis, Franck] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [de Rosa, Robert J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Erickson, Darren] Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Morzinski, Katie] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Macintosh, BA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Morzinski, Katie/0000-0002-1384-0063; Fitzgerald, Michael/0000-0002-0176-8973; Wang, Jason/0000-0003-0774-6502; Greenbaum, Alexandra/0000-0002-7162-8036 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91480J DI 10.1117/12.2056709 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800014 ER PT S AU Poyneer, LA De Rosa, RJ Macintosh, B Palmer, DW Perrin, MD Sadakuni, N Savransky, D Bauman, B Cardwell, A Chilcote, JK Dillon, D Gavel, D Goodsell, SJ Hartung, M Hibon, P Rantakyro, FT Thomas, S Veran, JP AF Poyneer, Lisa A. De Rosa, Robert J. Macintosh, Bruce Palmer, David W. Perrin, Marshall D. Sadakuni, Naru Savransky, Dmitry Bauman, Brian Cardwell, Andrew Chilcote, Jeffrey K. Dillon, Daren Gavel, Donald Goodsell, Stephen J. Hartung, Markus Hibon, Pascale Rantakyroe, Fredrik T. Thomas, Sandrine Veran, Jean-Pierre BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI On-sky performance during verification and commissioning of the Gemini Planet Imager's adaptive optics system SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Adaptive Optics; Gemini Planet Imager; LQG control; modal gain optimization; Spatially-filtered wavefront sensor; wavefront reconstruction ID WAVE-FRONT RECONSTRUCTION; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; MODAL CONTROL; CONTROL LAW; VALIDATION; SENSOR AB The Gemini Planet Imager instrument's adaptive optics (AO) subsystem was designed specifically to facilitate high-contrast imaging. It features several new technologies, including computationally efficient wavefront reconstruction with the Fourier transform, modal gain optimization every 8 seconds, and the spatially filtered wavefront sensor. It also uses a Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) controller (aka Kalman filter) for both pointing and focus. We present on-sky performance results from verification and commissioning runs from December 2013 through May 2014. The efficient reconstruction and modal gain optimization are working as designed. The LQG controllers effectively notch out vibrations. The spatial filter can remove aliases, but we typically use it oversized by about 60% due to stability problems. C1 [Poyneer, Lisa A.; Macintosh, Bruce; Palmer, David W.; Bauman, Brian] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Macintosh, Bruce] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Perrin, Marshall D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sadakuni, Naru; Cardwell, Andrew; Goodsell, Stephen J.; Hartung, Markus; Hibon, Pascale; Rantakyroe, Fredrik T.] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chilcote, Jeffrey K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dillon, Daren; Gavel, Donald] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UARC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Veran, Jean-Pierre] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. RP Poyneer, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM poyneer1@llnl.gov RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91480K DI 10.1117/12.2057092 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800015 ER PT S AU Rudy, AR Srinath, S Poyneer, L Ammons, SM Gavel, D Kupke, R Dillon, D Rockosi, C AF Rudy, Alexander R. Srinath, Srikar Poyneer, Lisa Ammons, S. Mark Gavel, Don Kupke, Renate Dillon, Darren Rockosi, Constance BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Progress Towards Wind Predictive Control on ShaneAO: Test Bench Results SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council ID MULTICONJUGATE ADAPTIVE OPTICS; WAVE-FRONT CONTROL; CONTROL LAW AB The identification and prediction of time-varying wavefront errors in adaptive optics (AO) systems promises fainter limiting guide star magnitudes and improved temporal bandwidth errors. In a new UCSC-LLNL collaboration, we aim to demonstrate the power of predictive Fourier controllers for AO in the laboratory and on-sky. We have used the Fourier Wind Identification technique to measure wind velocities at several telescopes, and now have demonstrated the identification of frozen flow turbulence with a translating phase screen on a laboratory test bench. Here, we present identification of the wind direction and velocity using telemetry data from a laboratory testbed simulating the ShaneAO system geometry. Our wind identification system uses a Fourier decomposition technique to identify the correlated movement of the atmosphere from WFS telemetry data, which are then used to construct a Kalman filter for real-time operation. We demonstrate the use of an LQG controller with the ShaneAO system architecture, and show that the effects of frozen flow turbulence can be easily identified in laboratory telemetry. We describe the adaptations made to the LQG controller to integrate it into the dual-DM architecture of the ShaneAO system, and demonstrate that these modifications produce stable and well-understood AO correction in the laboratory. C1 [Rudy, Alexander R.; Srinath, Srikar] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Poyneer, Lisa; Ammons, S. Mark] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Gavel, Don; Kupke, Renate; Dillon, Darren; Rockosi, Constance] Univ Calif Observ, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Rudy, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91481Z DI 10.1117/12.2057194 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800058 ER PT S AU Sadakuni, N Macintosh, BA Palmer, DW Poyneer, LA Max, CE Savransky, D Thomas, SJ Cardwell, A Goodsell, S Hartung, M Hibon, P Rantakyro, F Serio, A AF Sadakuni, Naru Macintosh, Bruce A. Palmer, David W. Poyneer, Lisa A. Max, Claire E. Savransky, Dmitry Thomas, Sandrine J. Cardwell, Andrew Goodsell, Stephen Hartung, Markus Hibon, Pascale Rantakyroe, Fredrik Serio, Andrew CA GPI Team BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Effects of differential wavefront sensor bias drifts on high contrast imaging SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE adaptive optics; high contrast imaging; Gemini Planet Imager; GPI AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a new facility, extreme adaptive optics (AO), coronagraphic instrument, currently being integrated onto the 8-meter Gemini South telescope, with the ultimate goal of directly imaging extrasolar planets. To achieve the contrast required for the desired science, it is necessary to quantify and mitigate wavefront error (WFE). A large source of potential static WFE arises from the primary AO wavefront sensor (WFS) detector's use of multiple readout segments with independent signal chains including on-chip preamplifiers and external amplifiers. Temperature changes within GPI's electronics cause drifts in readout segments' bias levels, inducing an RMS WFE of 1.1 nm and 41.9 nm over 4.44 degrees Celsius, for magnitude 4 and 11 stars, respectively. With a goal of <2 nm of static WFE, these are significant enough to require remedial action. Simulations imply a requirement to take fresh WFS darks every 2 degrees Celsius of temperature change, for a magnitude 6 star; similarly, for a magnitude 7 star, every 1 degree Celsius of temperature change. For sufficiently dim stars, bias drifts exceed the signal, causing a large initial WFE, and the former periodic requirement practically becomes an instantaneous/continuous one, making the goal of <2 nm of static WFE very difficult for stars of magnitude 9 or fainter. In extreme cases, this can cause the AO loops to destabilize due to perceived nonphysical wavefronts, as some of the WFS's Shack-Hartmann quadcells are split between multiple readout segments. Presented here is GPI's AO WFS geometry, along with detailed steps in the simulation used to quantify bias drift related WFE, followed by laboratory and on sky results, and concluded with possible methods of remediation. C1 [Sadakuni, Naru; Cardwell, Andrew; Goodsell, Stephen; Hartung, Markus; Hibon, Pascale; Rantakyroe, Fredrik; Serio, Andrew] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Macintosh, Bruce A.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce A.; Palmer, David W.; Poyneer, Lisa A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Max, Claire E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine J.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Sadakuni, N (reprint author), Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. EM nsadakuni@gemini.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91485L DI 10.1117/12.2057242 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800170 ER PT S AU Srinath, S Poyneer, LA Rudy, AR Ammons, SM AF Srinath, Srikar Poyneer, Lisa A. Rudy, Alexander R. Ammons, S. Mark BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Remembrance of Phases Past: An Autoregressive Method for Generating Realistic Atmospheres in Simulations SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Adaptive Optics; autoregressive method; atmosphere simulation; phase screen; frozen flow AB The advent of expensive, large-aperture telescopes and complex adaptive optics (AO) systems has strengthened the need for detailed simulation of such systems from the top of the atmosphere to control algorithms. The credibility of any simulation is underpinned by the quality of the atmosphere model used for introducing phase variations into the incident photons. Hitherto, simulations which incorporate wind layers have relied upon phase screen generation methods that tax the computation and memory capacities of the platforms on which they run. This places limits on parameters of a simulation, such as exposure time or resolution, thus compromising its utility. As aperture sizes and fields of view increase the problem will only get worse. We present an autoregressive method for evolving atmospheric phase that is efficient in its use of computation resources and allows for variability in the power contained in frozen flow or stochastic components of the atmosphere. Users have the flexibility of generating atmosphere datacubes in advance of runs where memory constraints allow to save on computation time or of computing the phase at each time step for long exposure times. Preliminary tests of model atmospheres generated using this method show power spectral density and rms phase in accordance with established metrics for Kolmogorov models. C1 [Srinath, Srikar; Rudy, Alexander R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Poyneer, Lisa A.; Ammons, S. Mark] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. RP Srinath, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM ssrinath@ucsc.edu; poyneer1@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91486W DI 10.1117/12.2057291 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800212 ER PT B AU Strack, G Johnson, GR AF Strack, Guinevere Johnson, Glenn R. BE Luckarift, HR Atanassov, P Johnson, GR TI HIERARCHICAL MATERIALS ARCHITECTURES FOR ENZYMATIC FUEL CELLS SO ENZYMATIC FUEL CELLS: FROM FUNDAMENTALS TO APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIRECT ELECTRON-TRANSFER; AIR DIFFUSION BIOCATHODE; TRAMETES-HIRSUTA LACCASE; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; BIOFUEL CELLS; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; CARBON NANOTUBES; STREPTOMYCES-COELICOLOR; SYNTHESIZED SILICA; OXYGEN REDUCTION C1 [Strack, Guinevere] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Strack, Guinevere; Johnson, Glenn R.] Air Force Res Lab, Airbase Sci Branch, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Strack, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-86986-4; 978-1-118-36923-4 PY 2014 BP 181 EP 207 D2 10.1002/9781118869796 PG 27 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BC7LI UT WOS:000354985200011 ER PT S AU Perumalla, KS Yoginath, SB AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. Yoginath, Srikanth B. BE Gavrilova, ML Tan, CJK Thapliyal, H Ranganathan, N TI Towards Reversible Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms: A Performance Study SO TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE XXIV: SPECIAL ISSUE ON REVERSIBLE COMPUTING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Reversible computation; Linear algebra; Checkpointing; Runtime performance; Memory effects AB Problems such as fault tolerance and scalable synchronization can be efficiently solved using reversibility of applications. Making applications reversible by relying on computation rather than on memory is ideal for large scale parallel computing, especially for the next generation of supercomputers in which memory is expensive in terms of latency, energy, and price. In this direction, a case study is presented here in reversing a computational core, namely, Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS), which is widely used in scientific applications. A new Reversible BLAS (RBLAS) library interface has been designed, and a prototype has been implemented with two modes: (1) a memory-mode in which reversibility is obtained by checkpointing to memory, and (2) a computational-mode in which nothing is saved, and restoration is done entirely via inverse computation. The article is focused on detailed performance benchmarking to evaluate the runtime dynamics and performance effects, comparing reversible computation with checkpointing on both traditional CPU platforms and recent GPU accelerator platforms. For BLAS Level-1 subprograms, data indicates over an order of magnitude speed up of reversible computation compared to checkpointing. For BLAS Level-2 and Level-3, a more complex tradeoff is observed between reversible computation and checkpointing, depending on computational and memory complexities of the subprograms. C1 [Perumalla, Kalyan S.; Yoginath, Srikanth B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM perumallaks@ornl.gov; yoginathsb@ornl.gov OI Perumalla, Kalyan/0000-0002-7458-0832 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-662-45711-5; 978-3-662-45710-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8911 BP 56 EP 73 DI 10.1007/978-3-662-45711-54 D2 10.1007/978-3-662-45711-5 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC7EH UT WOS:000354789500006 ER PT S AU Moreno, G Jeffers, JR Narumanchi, S Bennion, K AF Moreno, Gilberto Jeffers, Jana R. Narumanchi, Sreekant Bennion, Kevin GP IEEE TI Passive Two-Phase Cooling for Automotive Power Electronics SO 2014 30TH ANNUAL SEMICONDUCTOR THERMAL MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM (SEMI-THERM) SE Proceedings IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM) CY MAR 09-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, CPMT, Elect Cooling DE Power electronics; thermal management; two-phase heat transfer ID HEAT-TRANSFER; THERMOSIPHON; CONDENSATION; PERFORMANCE; PRESSURE; R1234YF; DESIGN AB Experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of a passive two-phase cooling strategy as a means of cooling automotive power electronics. The proposed cooling approach utilizes an indirect cooling configuration to alleviate some reliability concerns and to allow the use of conventional power modules. An inverter-scale proof-of-concept cooling system was fabricated and tested using the refrigerants hydrofluoroolefin HFO-1234yf and hydrofluorocarbon HFC-245fa. Results demonstrated that the system can dissipate at least 3.5 kW of heat with 250 cm(3) of HFC-245fa. An advanced evaporator concept that incorporates features to improve performance and reduce its size was designed. Simulation results indicate the concept's thermal resistance can be 58% to 65% lower than automotive dual-side-cooled power modules. Tests were also conducted to measure the thermal performance of two air-cooled condensers-plain and rifled finned tube designs. The results combined with some analysis were then used to estimate the required condenser size per operating conditions and maximum allowable system (i.e., vapor and liquid) temperatures. C1 [Moreno, Gilberto; Jeffers, Jana R.; Narumanchi, Sreekant; Bennion, Kevin] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Moreno, G (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM gilbert.moreno@nrel.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1065-2221 BN 978-1-4799-4374-6 J9 P IEEE SEMICOND THER PY 2014 BP 58 EP 65 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC8RT UT WOS:000356044200010 ER PT J AU Kruzikas, DT Higashi, MK Edgar, M Macal, CM North, MJ Graziano, DJ Collier, NT AF Kruzikas, Denise T. Higashi, Mitchell K. Edgar, Marc Macal, Charles M. North, Michael J. Graziano, Diane J. Collier, Nick T. BE Akhgar, B Arabnia, HR TI Using Agent-Based Modeling to Inform Regional Health Care System Investment and Planning SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE (CSCI), VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI) CY MAR 10-13, 2014 CL Las Vegas, NV SP American Council Sci & Educ DE agent-based modeling and simulation; infrastructure investment; epidemiology modeling; public health planning AB An agent-based model is used to simulate a developing region population, disease burden, health care infrastructure and estimate the impact of resource investment decisions on population health and health care costs. In this approach, the primary agents are individual health care facilities, capturing population characteristics, facility catchment population, and facility diagnostic capacity and strategies. Health facility investment decisions are represented by new hospital placement and capacity in selected jurisdictions. Impact on outcomes is simulated over a time horizon of up to 20 years. Data visualization is applied and used to compare multiple scenarios to help inform public health planning, investment and policy decision-making. C1 [Kruzikas, Denise T.; Higashi, Mitchell K.] GE Healthcare, Hlth Econ, Waukesha, WI 53188 USA. [Edgar, Marc] GE Global Res, Global Res Amer, Niskayuna, WI USA. [Macal, Charles M.; North, Michael J.; Graziano, Diane J.; Collier, Nick T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kruzikas, DT (reprint author), GE Healthcare, Hlth Econ, Waukesha, WI 53188 USA. EM denise.kruzikas@ge.com; mitchell.higashi@ge.com; marc.edgar@ge.com; macal@anl.gov; north@anl.gov; graziano@anl.gov; ncollier@anl.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3009-8 PY 2014 BP 211 EP 214 DI 10.1109/CSCI.2014.120 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC8NR UT WOS:000355910900037 ER PT B AU Cho, KR De Yoreo, JJ AF Cho, Kang Rae De Yoreo, James J. BE Jena, BP Taatjes, DJ TI Probing Protein Assembly, Biomineralization, and Biomolecular Interactions by Atomic Force Microscopy SO NANOCELLBIOLOGY: MULTIMODAL IMAGING IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CALCIUM-OXALATE MONOHYDRATE; HUMAN PRION PROTEIN; RENAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TAMM-HORSFALL PROTEIN; IMAGING SOFT SAMPLES; IN-VITRO; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; MOLECULAR MODULATION; INSERTION MUTATIONS; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS C1 [Cho, Kang Rae] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [De Yoreo, James J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Phys Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cho, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kangraecho@lbl.gov; james.deyoreo@pnnl.gov NR 134 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4411-80-6; 978-981-4411-79-0 PY 2014 BP 85 EP 130 PG 46 WC Cell Biology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Cell Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BC8SH UT WOS:000356057700006 ER PT S AU Yan, GH AF Yan, Guanhua GP IEEE TI Finding Common Ground among Experts' Opinions on Data Clustering: with Applications in Malware Analysis SO 2014 IEEE 30TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA ENGINEERING (ICDE) SE IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE) CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Microsoft, Qatar Comp Res Inst, HERE Nokia, Purdue Univ, Cyber Ctr, NW Univ, McCormick Sch Engn, Google ID ALGORITHMS AB Data clustering is a basic technique for knowledge discovery and data mining. As the volume of data grows significantly, data clustering becomes computationally prohibitive and resource demanding, and sometimes it is necessary to outsource these tasks to third party experts who specialize in data clustering. The goal of this work is to develop techniques that find common ground among experts' opinions on data clustering, which may be biased due to the features or algorithms used in clustering. Our work differs from the large body of existing approaches to consensus clustering, as we do not require all data objects be grouped into clusters. Rather, our work is motivated by real-world applications that demand high confidence in how data objects - if they are selected - are grouped together. We formulate the problem rigorously and show that it is NP-complete. We further develop a lightweight technique based on finding a maximum independent set in a 3-uniform hypergraph to select data objects that do not form conflicts among experts' opinions. We apply our proposed method to a real-world malware dataset with hundreds of thousands of instances to find malware clusters based on how multiple major AV (Anti-Virus) software classify these samples. Our work offers a new direction for consensus clustering by striking a balance between the clustering quality and the amount of data objects chosen to be clustered. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci Grp CCS 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yan, GH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci Grp CCS 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ghyan@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-4627 BN 978-1-4799-3480-5 J9 PROC INT CONF DATA PY 2014 BP 15 EP 27 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BC7YT UT WOS:000355411500004 ER PT S AU Lindstrom, P Rajan, D AF Lindstrom, Peter Rajan, Deepak GP IEEE TI Optimal Hierarchical Layouts for Cache-Oblivious Search Trees SO 2014 IEEE 30TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA ENGINEERING (ICDE) SE IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE) CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Microsoft, Qatar Comp Res Inst, HERE Nokia, Purdue Univ, Cyber Ctr, NW Univ, McCormick Sch Engn, Google ID MESH LAYOUTS; BINARY-TREES AB This paper proposes a general framework for generating cache-oblivious layouts for binary search trees. A cache-oblivious layout attempts to minimize cache misses on any hierarchical memory, independent of the number of memory levels and attributes at each level such as cache size, line size, and replacement policy. Recursively partitioning a tree into contiguous subtrees and prescribing an ordering amongst the subtrees, Hierarchical Layouts generalize many commonly used layouts for trees such as in-order, pre-order and breadth-first. They also generalize the various flavors of the van Emde Boas layout, which have previously been used as cache-oblivious layouts. Hierarchical Layouts thus unify previous attempts at deriving layouts for search trees. The paper then derives a new locality measure (the Weighted Edge Product) that mimics the probability of cache misses at multiple levels, and shows that layouts that reduce this measure perform better. We analyze the various degrees of freedom in the construction of Hierarchical Layouts, and investigate the relative effect of each of these decisions in the construction of cache-oblivious layouts. Optimizing the Weighted Edge Product for complete binary search trees, we introduce the MINWEP layout, and show that it outperforms previously used cache-oblivious layouts by almost 20%. C1 [Lindstrom, Peter; Rajan, Deepak] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl & Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lindstrom, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl & Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM pl@llnl.gov; rajan3@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-4627 BN 978-1-4799-3480-5 J9 PROC INT CONF DATA PY 2014 BP 616 EP 627 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BC7YT UT WOS:000355411500053 ER PT J AU Christensen, K Nordman, B AF Christensen, Ken Nordman, Bruce BE Aschenbruck, N Kanhere, S Akkaya, K TI Back to the Future: A Need for Multi-Drop Ethernet for Cost-Effective Power Distribution SO 2014 IEEE 39TH CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS (LCN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN) CY SEP 08-11, 2014 CL Edmonton, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Comp Commun, Alberta Innovates, TELUS DE Nanogrids; multi-drop Ethernet; PoE; LLDP AB Local renewable DC electricity sources, such as solar, have become cost competitive. In this position paper, we argue that an Ethernet LAN with Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) is a nanogrid where the physical layer infrastructure is used for DC electricity distribution and the link-layer capabilities can be used to match electricity supply and demand. To be cost effective with respect to wiring, many of these nanogrids must be multi-drop where each drop may be a power socket. Open challenges to employing PoE as a multi-drop managed nanogrid include 1) extending LLDP for multi-drop, 2) adapting LLDP to support the use of price signals for modulating power demand, 3) achieving efficient PoE power flow in a multi-drop circuit, and 4) implementing low-cost and fair scheduling for packet transmission. We explore how multi-drop Ethernet can be implemented with fair access to all devices by employing at each drop a mini-switch with packet scheduling. C1 [Christensen, Ken] Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Nordman, Bruce] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Christensen, K (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM christen@csee.usf.edu; BNordman@LBL.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3780-6 PY 2014 BP 378 EP 381 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BC7XI UT WOS:000355285900047 ER PT J AU Biviji, M Uckun, C Bassett, G Wang, JH Ton, D AF Biviji, Mustafa Uckun, Canan Bassett, Gilbert Wang, Jianhui Ton, Dan GP IEEE TI Patterns of Electric Vehicle Charging with Time of Use Rates: Case studies in California and Portland SO 2014 IEEE PES INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES CONFERENCE (ISGT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) CY FEB 19-22, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Electric vehicles; load management; smart grids; utility programs AB This paper presents patterns of electricity consumption for charging electric vehicles when customers can select flat or time of use pricing. The data consist of hourly charging profiles for two utilities whose customers were offered alternative rate schedules with rates different for weekdays and weekends as well as for seasons. The extent to which TOU customers' daily load profiles differ from customers who opted for flat rates is presented for both weekdays and weekends. The on-peak and off-peak consumption for flat rate and TOU customers is compared to show that total consumption and timing of consumption varied by rate structure. Data show large differences in charging profiles for the varying rate structures. This paper discusses the different patterns observed between electric vehicle load and the rest of the residential load. Substitution and own-price elasticities are computed. In addition, issues related to self selection of pricing structures are discussed. C1 [Biviji, Mustafa] Energy & Environm Resources Grp LLC, Pittsburgh, PA 15237 USA. [Uckun, Canan; Bassett, Gilbert; Wang, Jianhui] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Ton, Dan] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Biviji, M (reprint author), Energy & Environm Resources Grp LLC, Pittsburgh, PA 15237 USA. EM mustafa@e2rg.com; canan.uckun@anl.gov; gbassett@anl.gov; jianhui.wang@anl.gov; dan.ton@hq.doe.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3652-6 PY 2014 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BC7YS UT WOS:000355408800080 ER PT J AU Edmunds, T Bulaevskaya, V Lamont, A Simpson, M Top, P Katzenstein, W Bining, A AF Edmunds, Thomas Bulaevskaya, Vera Lamont, Alan Simpson, Matthew Top, Philip Katzenstein, Warren Bining, Avtar GP IEEE TI Integrated Stochastic Weather and Production Simulation Modeling SO 2014 IEEE PES INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES CONFERENCE (ISGT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) CY FEB 19-22, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE power generation planning; power generation dispatch; power system economics; wind energy; solar energy ID ENSEMBLE; MESOSCALE AB High penetration of intermittent renewable generators can substantially increase the variability and uncertainty in power system operations. Energy storage and demand response have been proposed as resources that can be used to mitigate this uncertainty and variability. This paper describes planning system that couples a stochastic weather model, renewable generation models that are driven by the weather, a stochastic production simulation model, and a system stability model. The system is used to simulate operation of the California grid with 33% variable renewable generation in the year 2020. The values of energy storage and demand response are estimated by identifying the avoided costs of the conventional hydro and fossil resources that they displace when providing regulation, load following, and energy arbitrage functions. The impacts on system stability are also assessed. C1 [Edmunds, Thomas; Bulaevskaya, Vera; Lamont, Alan; Simpson, Matthew; Top, Philip] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Katzenstein, Warren] DNV KEMA Corp, Oakland, CA USA. [Bining, Avtar] Calif Energy Commiss, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Edmunds, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM edmunds2@llnl.gov; warren.katzenstein@dnvkema.com; avtar.bining@energy.ca.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3652-6 PY 2014 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BC7YS UT WOS:000355408800063 ER PT J AU Johnson, BJ Starke, MR Abdelaziz, OA Jackson, RK Tolbert, LM AF Johnson, Brandon J. Starke, Michael R. Abdelaziz, Omar A. Jackson, Roderick K. Tolbert, Leon M. GP IEEE TI A Method for Modeling Household Occupant Behavior to Simulate Residential Energy Consumption SO 2014 IEEE PES INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES CONFERENCE (ISGT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) CY FEB 19-22, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE American Time Use Survey; Markov chain; Occupant behavior modeling; Residential energy consumption AB This paper presents a statistical method for modeling the behavior of household occupants to estimate residential energy consumption. Using data gathered by the U.S. Census Bureau in the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), actions carried out by survey respondents are categorized into ten distinct activities. These activities are defined to correspond to the major energy consuming loads commonly found within the residential sector. Next, time varying minute resolution Markov chain based statistical models of different occupant types are developed. Using these behavioral models, individual occupants are simulated to show how an occupant interacts with the major residential energy consuming loads throughout the day. From these simulations, the minimum number of occupants, and consequently the minimum number of multiple occupant households, needing to be simulated to produce a statistically accurate representation of aggregate residential behavior can be determined. Finally, future work will involve the use of these occupant models along side residential load models to produce a high-resolution energy consumption profile and estimate the potential for demand response from residential C1 [Johnson, Brandon J.; Starke, Michael R.; Abdelaziz, Omar A.; Jackson, Roderick K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Johnson, Brandon J.; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Johnson, BJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Abdelaziz, Omar/O-9542-2015; Jackson, Roderick/H-6940-2016 OI Abdelaziz, Omar/0000-0002-4418-0125; NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3652-6 PY 2014 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BC7YS UT WOS:000355408800109 ER PT J AU Kirkham, H Dagle, J AF Kirkham, Harold Dagle, Jeff GP IEEE TI Synchronous Phasor-like Measurements SO 2014 IEEE PES INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES CONFERENCE (ISGT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) CY FEB 19-22, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE phasor measurements; power system measurements; measurement epistemology AB This paper proposes a redefinition of the power system quantities often said to be described by a synchro-phasor and measured by a phasor measurement unit. Problems with what are often called "synchronous phasor measurements" include the facts that they are not truly synchronous, and the quantity being measured is not truly a phasor. This paper proposes a new method of making measurements that overcomes these problems. It tests the proposed definitions and measurement methods with "synthetic" signals, and shows that the method provides understandable and consistent results. C1 [Kirkham, Harold; Dagle, Jeff] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kirkham, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM harold.kirkham@pnnl.gov; jeff.dagle@pnnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3652-6 PY 2014 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BC7YS UT WOS:000355408800136 ER PT J AU Marinovici, C Hammerstrom, J Widergren, S Dayley, G AF Marinovici, Cristina Hammerstrom, Janelle Widergren, Steve, Sr. Dayley, Greg GP IEEE TI Visualizations for Real-time Pricing Demonstration SO 2014 IEEE PES INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES CONFERENCE (ISGT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) CY FEB 19-22, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE demand response; markets; real-time price; operations; visualizations AB In this paper, the implementation and utilization of visualization tools for monitoring the operations of a real-time pricing demonstration system that runs at a distribution feeder level are presented. The information these tools provide gives insights into demand behavior from automated price responsive devices, distribution feeder characteristics, impact of weather on system's development, and other significant dynamics. Given the large number of devices that bid into a feeder-level real-time electricity market, new techniques are explored to summarize the present state of the system and contrast that with previous trends as well as future projections. To better understand the system behavior and correctly inform decision-making procedures, effective visualization of the data is imperative. C1 [Marinovici, Cristina; Hammerstrom, Janelle; Widergren, Steve, Sr.; Dayley, Greg] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Marinovici, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM cristina.marinovici@pnnl.gov; janelle.hammerstrom@pnnl.gov; steve.widergren@pnnl.gov; greg.dayley@pnnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3652-6 PY 2014 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BC7YS UT WOS:000355408800055 ER PT J AU Smith, S Woodward, C Min, L Jing, C Del Rosso, A AF Smith, Steve Woodward, Carol Min, Liang Jing, Chaoyang Del Rosso, Alberto GP IEEE TI On-line Transient Stability Analysis using High Performance Computing SO 2014 IEEE PES INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES CONFERENCE (ISGT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) CY FEB 19-22, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Dynamic security assessment; transient stability; high performance computing; parallelization; real-time simulation; control center AB In this paper, parallelization and high performance computing are utilized to enable ultrafast transient stability analysis that can be used in a real-time environment to quickly perform " what-if" simulations involving system dynamics phenomena. EPRI's Extended Transient Midterm Simulation Program (ETMSP) is modified and enhanced for this work. The contingency analysis is scaled for large-scale contingency analysis using Message Passing Interface (MPI) based parallelization. Simulations of thousands of contingencies on a high performance computing machine are performed, and results show that parallelization over contingencies with MPI provides good scalability and computational gains. Different ways to reduce the Input/Output (I/O) bottleneck are explored, and findings indicate that architecting a machine with a larger local disk and maintaining a local file system significantly improve the scaling results. Thread-parallelization of the sparse linear solve is explored also through use of the SuperLU_MT library. C1 [Smith, Steve; Woodward, Carol; Min, Liang] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Jing, Chaoyang] eMIT LLC, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Del Rosso, Alberto] EPRI, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Smith, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Smith84@llnl.gov; c.jing@myemit.com; adelrosso@epri.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3652-6 PY 2014 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BC7YS UT WOS:000355408800064 ER PT J AU Widergren, S Fuller, J Marinovici, C Somani, A AF Widergren, S. Fuller, J. Marinovici, C. Somani, A. GP IEEE TI Residential Transactive Control Demonstration SO 2014 IEEE PES INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES CONFERENCE (ISGT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) CY FEB 19-22, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE demand response; dynamic pricing; distributed resource integration; agent-based system; electricity markets AB Arguably the most exciting aspect of the smart grid vision is the full participation of end-use resources with all forms of generation and energy storage in the reliable and efficient operation of an electric power system. Engaging all of these resources in a collaborative manner that respects the objectives of each resource, is sensitive to the system and local constraints of electricity flow, and scales to the large number of devices and systems participating is a grand challenge. Distributed decision-making system approaches have been presented and experimentation is underway. This paper reports on the preliminary findings of a residential demand response demonstration that uses the bidding transactions of supply and end-use air conditioning resources communicating with a real-time, 5 minute market to balance the various needs of the participants on a distribution feeder. The nature of the demonstration, the value streams being explored, and the operational scenarios implemented to characterize the system response are summarized along with preliminary findings. C1 [Widergren, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, DOE, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Widergren, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, NIST, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Widergren, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, SGIP, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Widergren, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, GridWise Architecture Council Adv Interoperabil A, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Fuller, J.; Somani, A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Marinovici, C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Adv Power & Energy Syst Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Widergren, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, DOE, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steve.widergren@pnnl.gov; jason.fuller@pnnl.gov; cristina.marinovici@pnnl.gov; abhishek.somani@pnnl.gov RI Fuller, Jason/C-9951-2014 OI Fuller, Jason/0000-0002-0462-0093 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3652-6 PY 2014 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BC7YS UT WOS:000355408800033 ER PT J AU Ullrich, PA AF Ullrich, P. A. TI A global finite-element shallow-water model supporting continuous and discontinuous elements SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID UNIFORM SPHERICAL GRIDS; CUBED-SPHERE; VOLUME METHOD; TEST SET; EQUATIONS; DISCRETIZATION; APPROXIMATIONS; INTEGRATION; GEOMETRY; MASS AB This paper presents a novel nodal finite-element method for either continuous and discontinuous elements, as applied to the 2-D shallow-water equations on the cubed sphere. The cornerstone of this method is the construction of a robust derivative operator that can be applied to compute discrete derivatives even over a discontinuous function space. A key advantage of the robust derivative is that it can be applied to partial differential equations in either a conservative or a non-conservative form. However, it is also shown that discontinuous penalization is required to recover the correct order of accuracy for discontinuous elements. Two versions with discontinuous elements are examined, using either the g(1) and g(2) flux correction function for distribution of boundary fluxes and penalty across nodal points. Scalar and vector hyperviscosity (HV) operators valid for both continuous and discontinuous elements are also derived for stabilization and removal of grid-scale noise. This method is validated using four standard shallow-water test cases, including geostrophically balanced flow, a mountain-induced Rossby wave train, the Rossby-Haurwitz wave and a barotropic instability. The results show that although the discontinuous basis requires a smaller time step size than that required for continuous elements, the method exhibits better stability and accuracy properties in the absence of hyperviscosity. C1 [Ullrich, P. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ullrich, P. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ullrich, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM paullrich@ucdavis.edu RI Ullrich, Paul/E-9350-2015 OI Ullrich, Paul/0000-0003-4118-4590 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 6 BP 3017 EP 3035 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-3017-2014 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CK1UZ UT WOS:000355994400004 ER PT B AU Liang, ZX AF Liang, Zhenxian BE BarCohen, Y TI High-Temperature Electronics SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEAKAGE CURRENT; BARRIER HEIGHT; MOS CAPACITORS; DEGRADATION; DEPENDENCE; LIMITATIONS; BREAKDOWN; CONTACTS; DEVICES; OXIDE C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Liang, ZX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6646-0; 978-1-4665-6645-3 PY 2014 BP 467 EP 486 D2 10.1201/b16545 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC6BH UT WOS:000353719000016 ER PT S AU Han, L Miller, BW Barber, HB Nagarkar, VV Furenlid, LR AF Han, Ling Miller, Brian W. Barber, H. Bradford Nagarkar, Vivek V. Furenlid, Lars R. BE Barber, HB Furenlid, LR Roehrig, HN TI A New Columnar CsI(Tl) Scintillator for iQID detectors SO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION DETECTORS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Medical Applications of Radiation Detectors IV CY AUG 18-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Columnar CsI(Tl); thick scintillator; iQID detector; sensitivity; resolution; depth of interaction; noise discrimination; frame parsing AB A 1650 mu m thick columnar CsI(Tl) scintillator for upgrading iQID detectors, which is a high-resolution photon-counting gamma-ray and x-ray detector recently developed at the Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging (CGRI), has been studied in terms of sensitivity, spatial resolution and depth-of-interaction effects. To facilitate these studies, a new frame-parsing algorithm for processing raw event data is also proposed that has more degrees of freedom in data processing and can discriminate against a special kind of noise present in some low-cost intensifiers. The results show that in comparison with a 450 mu m-thickness columnar CsI(Tl) scintillator, the 1650 mu m thick CsI(Tl) scintillator provides more than twice the sensitivity at the expense of some spatial resolution degradation. The depth-of-interaction study also shows that event size and amplitude vary with scintillator thickness, which can assist in future detector simulations and 3D-interaction-position estimation. C1 [Han, Ling; Miller, Brian W.; Barber, H. Bradford; Furenlid, Lars R.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barber, H. Bradford; Furenlid, Lars R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Med Imaging, CGRI, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Miller, Brian W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Nagarkar, Vivek V.] Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. RP Han, L (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. FU NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB002035] NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-241-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9214 AR 92140D DI 10.1117/12.2066179 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8GC UT WOS:000355650900007 PM 26146444 ER PT J AU Fink, GA Fligg, AK Haack, JN AF Fink, Glenn A. Fligg, A. Keith Haack, Jereme N. GP IEEE TI Ants, To-Go: A Portable Demonstration of Large Infrastructure Cyber Defense SO 2013 IEEE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SELF-ADAPTATION AND SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEMS WORKSHOPS (SASOW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Self-Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (SASO) CY SEP 09-13, 2013 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc AB Creating a self-organizing system of agents to defend large cyber infrastructures presents many challenges, one of which is demonstrating the system without trying to host it on a large real network of tens of thousands of machines. This abstract describes a portable demonstration of PNNL's Ant-Based Cyber Defense (ABCD) that can run on one or a few physical machines with sufficient resources. We have chosen to run the framework on hundreds of virtual machines whose number is limited only by the available memory and processing power. We collect the distributed logs and visualize the results on a large-scale visualization created to represent up to a million nodes. Our approach should be useful for other decentralized adaptive and self-organizing systems that span large numbers of physical machines. C1 [Fink, Glenn A.; Fligg, A. Keith; Haack, Jereme N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fink, GA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Glenn.Fink@pnnl.gov; Keith@pnnl.gov; Jereme.Haack@pnnl.gov OI Fink, Glenn/0000-0001-5731-6514 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2014 BP 11 EP 12 DI 10.1109/SASOW.2013.20 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BC7OG UT WOS:000355114600006 ER PT S AU Gomez, LB Cappello, F Carro, L DeBardeleben, N Fang, B Gurumurthi, S Pattabiraman, K Rech, P Reorda, MS AF Bautista Gomez, L. Cappello, F. Carro, L. DeBardeleben, N. Fang, B. Gurumurthi, S. Pattabiraman, K. Rech, P. Sonza Reorda, M. GP IEEE TI GPGPUs: How to Combine High Computational Power with High Reliability SO 2014 DESIGN, AUTOMATION AND TEST IN EUROPE CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION (DATE) SE Design Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Expo LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition (DATE) CY MAR 24-28, 2014 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP European Design & Automat Assoc, EDA Consortium, IEEE Council Elect Design Automat, ECSI, ACM Special Interest Grp Design Automat, Russian Acad Sci, IEEE Comp Soc Test Technol Tech Council, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc, Int Federat Informat Proc DE GPGPUs; reliability; HPC; fault injection; radiation experiments ID SOFT-ERROR; ARCHITECTURAL VULNERABILITY; FAULT-TOLERANCE AB GPGPUs are used increasingly in several domains, from gaming to different kinds of computationally intensive applications. In many applications GPGPU reliability is becoming a serious issue, and several research activities are focusing on its evaluation. This paper offers an overview of some major results in the area. First, it shows and analyzes the results of some experiments assessing GPGPU reliability in HPC datacenters. Second, it provides some recent results derived from radiation experiments about the reliability of GPGPUs. Third, it describes the characteristics of an advanced fault-injection environment, allowing effective evaluation of the resiliency of applications running on GPGPUs. C1 [Bautista Gomez, L.; Cappello, F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Carro, L.; Rech, P.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Informat, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [DeBardeleben, N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ultrascale Syst Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fang, B.; Pattabiraman, K.] Univ British Columbia, Elect & Comp Engn, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Gurumurthi, S.] AMD Res Adv Micro Devices Inc, Boxboro, MA USA. [Sonza Reorda, M.] Politecn Torino, Dip Automat & Informat, Turin, Italy. RP Gomez, LB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM leobago@mcs.anl.gov; cappello@mcs.anl.gov; carro@inf.ufrgs.br; ndebard@lanl.gov; bof@ece.ubc.ca; sudhanva.gurumurthi@amd.com; karthikp@ece.ubc.ca; prech@inf.ufrgs.br; matteo.sonzareorda@polito.it NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-1591 BN 978-3-9815370-2-4 J9 DES AUT TEST EUROPE PY 2014 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BC7KF UT WOS:000354965500341 ER PT S AU Castellana, VG Tumeo, A Ferrandi, F AF Castellana, Vito Giovanni Tumeo, Antonino Ferrandi, Fabrizio GP IEEE TI An Adaptive Memory Interface Controller for Improving Bandwidth Utilization of Hybrid and Reconfigurable Systems SO 2014 DESIGN, AUTOMATION AND TEST IN EUROPE CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION (DATE) SE Design Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Expo LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition (DATE) CY MAR 24-28, 2014 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP European Design & Automat Assoc, EDA Consortium, IEEE Council Elect Design Automat, ECSI, ACM Special Interest Grp Design Automat, Russian Acad Sci, IEEE Comp Soc Test Technol Tech Council, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc, Int Federat Informat Proc AB Data mining, bioinformatics, knowledge discovery, social network analysis, are emerging irregular applications that exploits data structures based on pointers or linked lists, such as graphs, unbalanced trees or unstructured grids. These applications are characterized by unpredictable memory accesses and generally are memory bandwidth bound, but also presents large amounts of inherent dynamic parallelism because they can potentially spawn concurrent activities for each one of the element they are exploring. Hybrid architectures, which integrate general purpose processors with reconfigurable devices, appears promising target platforms for accelerating irregular applications. These systems often connect to distributed and multi-ported memories, potentially enabling parallel memory operations. However, these memory architectures introduce several challenges, such as the necessity to manage concurrency and synchronization to avoid structural conflicts on shared memory locations and to guarantee consistency. In this paper we present an adaptive Memory Interface Controller (MIC) that addresses these issues. The MIC is a general and customizable solution that can target several different memory structures, and is suitable for High Level Synthesis frameworks. It implements a dynamic arbitration scheme, which avoids conflicts on memory resources at runtime, and supports atomic memory operations, commonly exploited for synchronization directives in parallel programming paradigms. The MIC simultaneously maps multiple accesses to different memory ports, allowing fine grained parallelism exploitation and ensuring correctness also in the presence of irregular and statically unpredictable memory access patterns. We evaluated the effectiveness of our approach on a typical irregular kernel, graph Breadth First Search (BFS), exploring different design alternatives. C1 [Castellana, Vito Giovanni; Ferrandi, Fabrizio] Politecn Milan, DEIB, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Castellana, Vito Giovanni; Tumeo, Antonino] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Castellana, VG (reprint author), Politecn Milan, DEIB, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM vcastellana@elet.polimi.it; antonino.tumeo@pnnl.gov; ferrandi@elet.polimi.it RI Ferrandi, Fabrizio/K-7645-2015; Tumeo, Antonino/L-3106-2016 OI Ferrandi, Fabrizio/0000-0003-0301-4419; NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-1591 BN 978-3-9815370-2-4 J9 DES AUT TEST EUROPE PY 2014 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BC7KF UT WOS:000354965500179 ER PT S AU Wei, YW Hossain, S Kirkham, H AF Wei, Yawei Hossain, Shamina Kirkham, Harold GP IEEE TI A Prediction Method for Power Frequency Quality Based on Bayesian Theorem and Uncertainty classification SO 2014 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY CONFERENCE AT ILLINOIS (PECI 2014) SE IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI) CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2014 CL Univ Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL SP IEEE HO Univ Illinois Urbana Champaign ID NETWORKS; SYSTEMS AB With the continuous concern on power system stability and increasing interesting on advanced PMU device application, the focus shifts from ordinary grid measurement data acquisition to system stability monitor and possible event forecast. Among these analysis, frequency quality and stability is always first priority. A proper prediction can help grid to adjust their operation quicker and increase the power reliability, however it still depend on the original data accuracy. In this paper, the proposed method presents a novel frequency quality detection and prediction method on the background of Bayesian theorem and BIPMs Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (G.U.M). By analyzing the data stream from PMU in historical record, the proposed method draws an overall conclusion of system frequency quality with confidential level, uncertainty estimation and short time prediction value, which is easy to illustrate for control center operator. It has been tested using data from Michigan Tech Power Energy Lab. The preliminary DC signal tests the normal result for method validation. Testing results show this Bayesian-based prediction method has a great potential in power system frequency quality analysis and dynamic event prediction. C1 [Wei, Yawei] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Illinois Urbana Champign, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wei, YW (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM yawweiw@mtu.edu; shossai2@illinois.edu; harold.kirkham@pnnl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2378-9255 BN 978-1-4799-4881-9 J9 IEEE POWER ENERG CON PY 2014 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC7OB UT WOS:000355091300025 ER PT S AU Skurikhin, AN Wilson, CJ Liljedahl, A Rowland, JC AF Skurikhin, Alexei N. Wilson, Cathy J. Liljedahl, Anna Rowland, Joel C. GP IEEE TI Recursive Active Contours for Hierarchical Segmentation of Wetlands in High-Resolution Satellite Imagery of Arctic Landscapes SO 2014 IEEE SOUTHWEST SYMPOSIUM ON IMAGE ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION (SSIAI 2014) SE IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation (SSIAI) CY APR 06-08, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Comp Soc DE active contours; hierarchical segmentation; satellite image; polygon landscape; thaw lake; Arctic ID THAW LAKE BASINS; NORTH SLOPE; ALASKA; EDGES; CARBON; TUNDRA; STOCKS AB We present a semi-automated approach to recognize and hierarchically partition water-body regions of Arctic tundra landscape, such as streams, inundated drained thaw lake basins and ice wedge polygon ponds, in high resolution satellite imagery. The approach integrates the active contours without edges (ACWE) technique and shape-based recognition, and introduces a recursive mode of ACWE application. We build a successive coarse-to-fine hierarchy of image partitions corresponding to the low-gradient Arctic wetlands by recursively partitioning them at the coarser scale into constituent parts. The approach is evaluated using 0.6 m resolution WorldView-2 satellite image of Arctic tundra landscape. The water-body regions segmentation producer's accuracy is 97.7 %, and the user's accuracy is 92.9 %. Visual inspection of the classification and hierarchical partitioning of the segmented water-body regions has demonstrated their qualitatively accurate recognition and hierarchical partitioning. C1 [Skurikhin, Alexei N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Intelligence & Space Res Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wilson, Cathy J.; Rowland, Joel C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Liljedahl, Anna] Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Liljedahl, Anna] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Skurikhin, AN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Intelligence & Space Res Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alexei@lanl.gov; cjw@lanl.gov; akliljedahl@alaska.edu; jrowland@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5782 BN 978-1-4799-4053-0 J9 IEEE SW SYMP IMAG PY 2014 BP 137 EP 140 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC7WP UT WOS:000355255900035 ER PT B AU Andreopoulos, B AF Andreopoulos, Bill BE Aggarwal, CC Reddy, CK TI Clustering Categorical Data SO DATA CLUSTERING: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENE-EXPRESSION DATA; MICROARRAY DATA; ALGORITHM; KNOWLEDGE; IDENTIFICATION; COMPLEXES C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andreopoulos, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM billandreo@gmail.com NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-5822-9; 978-1-4665-5821-2 J9 CH CRC DATA MIN KNOW PY 2014 BP 277 EP 303 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC4XM UT WOS:000352992500013 ER PT S AU Manzato, S Santos, F Peeters, B LeBlanc, B White, JR AF Manzato, Simone Santos, Fabio Peeters, Bart LeBlanc, Bruce White, Jonathan R. BE Cunha, A Caetano, E Ribeiro, P Muller, G TI Combined accelerometers-strain gauges Operational Modal Analysis and application to wind turbine data SO EURODYN 2014: IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS SE EURODYN-International Conference on Structural Dynamics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Structural Dynamics (EURODYN) CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Porto, PORTUGAL DE Modal Analysis; Operational; Strain; Blade; Wind Turbine AB Strain-based Modal Analysis (SMA) is a relatively new topic in the structural dynamics world that gained particular interest in recent years, in particular for structural monitoring application. While classical modal analysis aims at deriving a modal model in terms of modal displacements, the strain modal analysis final result is a description of the system in terms of modal deformation. The advantage of using strain gauges is that they are more reliable, less invasive and can monitor also the structural deformation. The objective of this paper is to propose a formulation to perform modal analysis using strains and compare the obtained results with those from techniques based on acceleration signals. The possibility to combine strain and acceleration signals to derive a common modal model will be discussed. The method will be firstly validated on a small wind turbine clamped at the root and tested in laboratory conditions. Finally, the method will be applied on the data acquired by Sandia National Laboratories during the Sensored Rotor 2 field test campaign on a modified MICON wind turbine. In this experiment, both strain gauges and accelerometers were installed on the blade in similar locations and the signals synchronously acquired. C1 [Manzato, Simone; Santos, Fabio; Peeters, Bart] LMS A Siemens Business, LMS Int, Test Div R&D, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [LeBlanc, Bruce; White, Jonathan R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Wind Energy Technol, Sensing Technol & Testing, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Manzato, S (reprint author), LMS A Siemens Business, LMS Int, Test Div R&D, Interleuvenlaan 69, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM simone.manzato@lmsintl.com; fabio.santos@lmsintl.com; bart.peeters@lmsintl.com; blebla@sandia.gov; jonwhit@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS PI MUNICH PA C/O LEHRSTUHL BAUMECHANIK, TECHNISCHE UNIV MUNCHEN, ARCISSTRASSE 21, MUNICH, D-80290, GERMANY SN 2311-9020 BN 978-972-752-165-4 J9 EURODYN PY 2014 BP 3675 EP 3682 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BC7EF UT WOS:000354786604096 ER PT S AU Allington-Smith, J Poppett, C Bramall, D Edelstein, J Lafever, R Schmoll, J Dunlop, C Murray, G Besuner, R Talbot, G AF Allington-Smith, Jeremy Poppett, Claire Bramall, David Edelstein, Jerry Lafever, Robin Schmoll, Juergen Dunlop, Colin Murray, Graham Besuner, Robert Talbot, Gordon BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Fibre system of DESI SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Optical fiber; multi-object spectrograph; focal ratio degradation; spectroscopy; cosmology; dark energy ID MULTIOBJECT SPECTROGRAPH; SPECTROSCOPY AB We describe the fiber system of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). Its primary science goal is to provide a survey of 14,000 square degrees of the extragalactic sky using the Mayall 4m telescope in five years. The fibre system will provide a multiplex gain of 5000 so that more than 20 million galaxies can surveyed. Applying a number of tests to the survey dataset should allow the evolution of the equation of state of the universe to be determined to greater accuracy than before. The fibre system will provide a multiplex gain of 5000 with very high levels of performance. C1 [Allington-Smith, Jeremy; Bramall, David; Schmoll, Juergen; Dunlop, Colin; Murray, Graham; Talbot, Gordon] Univ Durham, Ctr Adv Instrumentat, Durham DH1 3HP, England. [Poppett, Claire; Lafever, Robin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Edelstein, Jerry; Besuner, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Allington-Smith, J (reprint author), Dept Phys, Rochester Bldg, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM j.r.allington-smith@durham.ac.uk NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91475M DI 10.1117/12.2057474 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800172 ER PT S AU Doel, P Sholl, MJ Liang, M Brooks, D Flaugher, B Gutierrez, G Kent, S Lampton, M Miller, T Sprayberry, D AF Doel, Peter Sholl, Michael J. Liang, Ming Brooks, David Flaugher, Brenna Gutierrez, Gaston Kent, Stephen Lampton, Michael Miller, Timothy Sprayberry, David BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI The DESI wide field corrector optics SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Dark Energy; Wide field corrector; Baryon Acoustic Oscillation AB The Dark Energy Spectroscopic instrument (DESI) is a 5000 fiber multi-object spectrometer system under development for installation on the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) Kitt Peak 4m telescope (the Mayall telescope). DESI is designed to perform a 14,000 degrees (square) galaxy and Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) redshift survey to improve estimates of the dark energy equation of state. The survey design imposes numerous constraints on a prime focus corrector design, including field of view, geometrical blur, stability, fiber injection efficiency, zenith angle, mass and cost. The DESI baseline wide-field optical design described herein provides a 3.2 degrees diameter field of view with six 0.8-1.14m diameter lenses and an integral atmospheric dispersion compensator. C1 [Doel, Peter; Brooks, David] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Sholl, Michael J.; Lampton, Michael; Miller, Timothy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liang, Ming; Sprayberry, David] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Flaugher, Brenna; Gutierrez, Gaston; Kent, Stephen] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Doel, P (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91476R DI 10.1117/12.2057172 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800203 ER PT S AU Dunn, J Kerley, D Saddlemyer, L Smith, M Wooff, R Savransky, D Palmer, D Macintosh, B Weiss, J Quiroz, C Rantakyro, FT Goodsell, SJ AF Dunn, Jennifer Kerley, Dan Saddlemyer, Leslie Smith, Malcolm Wooff, Robert Savransky, Dmitry Palmer, Dave Macintosh, Bruce Weiss, Jason Quiroz, Carlos Rantakyroe, Fredrik T. Goodsell, Stephen J. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Gemini Planet Imager One Button Approach SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Software; Observatory; Gemini; GPI; Gemini Planet Imager; Software; AO; Coronagraph; Software Engineering; Control System AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is an "extreme" adaptive optics coronagraph system that is now on the Gemini South telescope in Chile. This instrument is composed of three different systems that historically have been separate instruments. These systems are the extreme Adaptive Optics system, with deformable mirrors, including a high-order 64x64 element MEMS system; the Science Instrument, which is a near-infrared integral field spectrograph; and the Calibration system, a precision IR wavefront sensor that also holds key coronagraph components. Each system coordinates actions that require precise timing. The observatory is responsible for starting these actions and has typically done this asynchronously across independent systems. Despite this complexity we strived to provide an interface that is as close to a one-button approach as possible. This paper will describe the sequencing of these systems both internally and externally through the observatory. C1 [Dunn, Jennifer; Kerley, Dan; Saddlemyer, Leslie; Smith, Malcolm; Wooff, Robert] Natl Res Council Herzberg, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Palmer, Dave; Macintosh, Bruce] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Weiss, Jason] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Quiroz, Carlos; Rantakyroe, Fredrik T.] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Goodsell, Stephen J.] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Natl Res Council Herzberg, 5071 W Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. EM Jennifer.Dunn@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914750 DI 10.1117/12.2057231 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800154 ER PT S AU Erskine, DJ Edelstein, J Sirk, M Wishnow, E Ishikawa, Y McDonald, E Shourt, WV AF Erskine, David J. Edelstein, J. Sirk, M. Wishnow, E. Ishikawa, Y. McDonald, E. Shourt, W. V. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI High Resolution Broad-Band Spectroscopy in the NIR Using the Triple Spec Externally Dispersed Interferometer at the Hale Telescope SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE High resolution spectroscopy; Externally Dispersed Interferometry; Dispersed Fixed Delay Interferometry; Resolution Boosting; Doppler radial velocimetry; Fourier Transform Spectroscopy; Exoplanets ID MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; RADIAL VELOCIMETRY; SPECTROGRAPHS; INSTRUMENT AB High resolution broad-band spectroscopy at near-infrared wavelengths has been performed using externally dispersed interferometry (EDT) at the Hale telescope at Mt. Palomar. The EDT technique uses a field-widened Michelson interferometer in series with a dispersive spectrograph, and is able to recover a spectrum with a resolution 4 to 10 times higher than the existing grating spectrograph. This method increases the resolution well beyond the classical limits enforced by the slit width and the detector pixel Nyquist limit and, in principle, decreases the effect of pupil variation on the instrument line-shape function. The EDT technique permits arbitrarily higher resolution measurements using the higher throughput, lower weight, size, and expense of a lower resolution spectrograph. Observations of many stars were performed with the TEDI interferometer mounted within the central hole of the 200 inch primary mirror. Light from the interferometer was then dispersed by the Triple Spec near-infrared echelle spectrograph. Continuous spectra between 950 and 2450 nm with a resolution as high as 27,000 were recovered from data taken with Triple Spec at a native resolution of 2,700. Aspects of data analysis for interferometric spectral reconstruction are described. This technique has applications in improving measurements of high-resolution stellar template spectra, critical for precision Doppler velocimetry using conventional spectroscopic methods. A new interferometer to be applied for this purpose at visible wavelengths is under construction. C1 [Erskine, David J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Edelstein, J.; Sirk, M.; Wishnow, E.; Ishikawa, Y.; McDonald, E.; Shourt, W. V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Erskine, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM erskine1@llnl.gov; jerrye@ssl.berkeley.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914717 DI 10.1117/12.2055186 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800039 ER PT S AU Flaugher, B Bebek, C AF Flaugher, Brenna Bebek, Chris CA DESI Collaboration BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Dark Energy; multi-object spectroscopy; wide field corrector; redshifts; Mayall Telescope AB The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment that will study baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and the growth of structure through redshift-space distortions with a wide-area galaxy and quasar spectroscopic redshift survey. The DESI instrument consists of a new wide-field (3.2 deg. linear field of view) corrector plus a multi-object spectrometer with up to 5000 robotically positioned optical fibers and will be installed at prime focus on the Mayall 4m telescope at Kitt Peak, Arizona. The fibers feed 10 three-arm spectrographs producing spectra that cover a wavelength range from 360-980 nm and have resolution of 2000-5500 depending on the wavelength. The DESI instrument is designed for a 14,000 sq. deg. multi-year survey of targets that trace the evolution of dark energy out to redshift 3.5 using the redshifts of luminous red galaxies (LRGs), emission line galaxies (ELGs) and quasars. DESI is the successor to the successful Stage-III BOSS spectroscopic redshift survey and complements imaging surveys such as the Stage-III Dark Energy Survey (DES, currently operating) and the Stage-IV Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST, planned start early in the next decade). C1 [Flaugher, Brenna] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Bebek, Chris] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Flaugher, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM brenna@fnal.gov NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91470S DI 10.1117/12.2057105 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800025 ER PT S AU Greenbaum, AZ Cheetham, A Sivaramakrishnan, A Tuthill, P Norris, B Pueyo, L Sadakuni, N Rantakyro, F Hibon, P Goodsell, S Hartung, M Serio, A Cardwell, A Poyneer, L Macintosh, B Savransky, D Perrin, MD Wolff, S Ingraham, P Thomas, S AF Greenbaum, Alexandra Z. Cheetham, Anthony Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Tuthill, Peter Norris, Barnaby Pueyo, Laurent Sadakuni, Naru Rantakyroe, Fredrik Hibon, Pascale Goodsell, Stephen Hartung, Markus Serio, Andrew Cardwell, Andrew Poyneer, Lisa Macintosh, Bruce Savransky, Dmitry Perrin, Marshall D. Wolff, Schuyler Ingraham, Patrick Thomas, Sandrine CA Gpi Team BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Gemini planet imager observational calibrations X: non-redundant masking on GPI SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Gemini Planet Imager; Extreme Adaptive Optics Coronagraph; Non-Redundant Mask Interferometry; Integral Field Spectroscopy ID SPARSE APERTURE MASKING; PHASE; DISK; INTERFEROMETRY; COMPANION; LIMITS AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) Extreme Adaptive Optics Coronograph contains an interferometric mode: a 10-hole non-redundant mask (NRM) in its pupil wheel. GPI operates at Y, J, H, and K bands, using an integral field unit spectrograph (IFS) to obtain spectral data at every image pixel. NRM on GPI is capable of imaging with a half resolution element inner working angle at moderate contrast, probing the region behind the coronagraphic spot. The fine features of the NRM PSF can provide a reliable check on the plate scale, while also acting as an attenuator for spectral standard calibrators that would otherwise saturate the full pupil. NRM commissioning data provides details about wavefront error in the optics as well as operations of adaptive optics control without pointing control from the calibration system. We compare lab and on-sky results to evaluate systematic instrument properties and examine the stability data in consecutive exposures. We discuss early on-sky performance, comparing images from integration and tests with the first on-sky images, and demonstrate resolving a known binary. We discuss the status of NRM and implications for future science with this mode. C1 [Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.; Wolff, Schuyler] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cheetham, Anthony; Pueyo, Laurent; Perrin, Marshall D.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Tuthill, Peter; Norris, Barnaby] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sadakuni, Naru; Rantakyroe, Fredrik; Hibon, Pascale; Goodsell, Stephen; Hartung, Markus; Serio, Andrew; Cardwell, Andrew] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Poyneer, Lisa; Macintosh, Bruce] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce; Ingraham, Patrick] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine] UARC NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Greenbaum, AZ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, 3600 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM agreenba@pha.jhu.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Greenbaum, Alexandra/0000-0002-7162-8036 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91477B DI 10.1117/12.2056429 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800220 ER PT S AU Konopacky, QM Thomas, SJ Macintosh, BA Dillon, D Sadakuni, N Maire, J Fitzgerald, M Hinkley, S Kalas, P Esposito, T Marois, C Ingraham, PJ Marchisk, F Perrin, MD Graham, JR Wang, JJ De Rosa, RJ Morzinski, K Pueyo, L Chilcote, JK Larkin, JE Fabrycky, D Goodsell, SJ Oppenheimer, BR Patience, J Saddlemeyer, L Sivaramakrishnan, A AF Konopacky, Quinn M. Thomas, Sandrine J. Macintosh, Bruce A. Dillon, Daren Sadakuni, Naru Maire, Jerome Fitzgerald, Michael Hinkley, Sasha Kalas, Paul Esposito, Thomas Marois, Christian Ingraham, Patrick J. Marchisk, Franck Perrin, Marshall D. Graham, James R. Wang, Jason J. De Rosa, Robert J. Morzinski, Katie Pueyo, Laurent Chilcote, Jeffrey K. Larkin, James E. Fabrycky, Daniel Goodsell, Stephen J. Oppenheimer, B. R. Patience, Jenny Saddlemeyer, Leslie Sivaramakrishnan, Anand BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Gemini Planet Imager observational calibrations V: astrometry and distortion SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Gemini Planet Imager; GPI; distortion; astrometry; calibration; integral field spectroscopy; planetary dynamics; high contrast imaging ID COMPANION; PHOTOMETRY; SYSTEM; STARS AB We present the results of both laboratory and on sky astrometric characterization of the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI). This characterization includes measurement of the pixel scale* of the integral field spectrograph (IFS), the position of the detector with respect to north, and optical distortion. Two of these three quantities (pixel scale and distortion) were measured in the laboratory using two transparent grids of spots, one with a square pattern and the other with a random pattern. The pixel scale in the laboratory was also estimate using small movements of the artificial star unit (ASU) in the GPI adaptive optics system. On sky, the pixel scale and the north angle are determined using a number of known binary or multiple systems and Solar System objects, a subsample of which had concurrent measurements at Keck Observatory. Our current estimate of the GPI pixel scale is 14.14 +/- 0.01 millarcseconds/ pixel, and the north angle is -1.00 +/- 0.03 degrees. Distortion is shown to be small, with an average positional residual of 0.26 pixels over the field of view, and is corrected using a 5th order polynomial. We also present results from Monte Carlo simulations of the GPI Exoplanet Survey (GPIES) assuming GPI achieves similar to 1 milliarcsecond relative astrometric precision. We find that with this precision, we will be able to constrain the eccentricities of all detected planets, and possibly determine the underlying eccentricity distribution of widely separated Jovians. C1 [Konopacky, Quinn M.; Maire, Jerome] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M55 3H4, Canada. [Thomas, Sandrine J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce A.; Ingraham, Patrick J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 95305 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Dillon, Daren; Sadakuni, Naru] Univ Calif Observ, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sadakuni, Naru; Goodsell, Stephen J.] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Fitzgerald, Michael; Esposito, Thomas; Chilcote, Jeffrey K.; Larkin, James E.] UCLA, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hinkley, Sasha] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kalas, Paul; Graham, James R.; Wang, Jason J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marois, Christian; Saddlemeyer, Leslie] Natl Res Council Canada, Domin Astrophys Observ, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Marchisk, Franck] SETI Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Perrin, Marshall D.; Pueyo, Laurent; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.; Patience, Jenny] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Morzinski, Katie] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fabrycky, Daniel] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Oppenheimer, B. R.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Konopacky, QM (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M55 3H4, Canada. RI Fitzgerald, Michael/C-2642-2009; OI Fitzgerald, Michael/0000-0002-0176-8973; Morzinski, Katie/0000-0002-1384-0063; Wang, Jason/0000-0003-0774-6502; Fabrycky, Daniel/0000-0003-3750-0183 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914784 DI 10.1117/12.2056646 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800246 ER PT S AU Larkin, JE Chilcote, JK Aliado, T Bauman, BJ Brims, G Canfield, JM Cardwell, A Dillon, D Doyon, R Dunn, J Fitzgerald, MP Graham, JR Goodsell, S Hartung, M Hibon, P Ingraham, P Johnson, CA Kress, E Konopacky, QM Macintosh, BA Magnone, KG Maire, J McLean, IS Palmer, D Perrin, MD Quiroz, C Rantakyrooe, F Sadakuni, N Saddlemyer, L Serio, A Thibault, S Thomas, SJ Vallee, P Weiss, JL AF Larkin, James E. Chilcote, Jeffrey K. Aliado, Theodore Bauman, Brian J. Brims, George Canfield, John M. Cardwell, Andrew Dillon, Daren Doyon, Rene Dunn, Jennifer Fitzgerald, Michael P. Graham, James R. Goodsell, Stephen Hartung, Markus Hibon, Pascale Ingraham, Patrick Johnson, Christopher A. Kress, Evan Konopacky, Quinn M. Macintosh, Bruce A. Magnone, Kenneth G. Maire, Jerome McLean, Ian S. Palmer, David Perrin, Marshall D. Quiroz, Carlos Rantakyroe, Fredrik Sadakuni, Naru Saddlemyer, Leslie Serio, Andrew Thibault, Simon Thomas, Sandrine J. Vallee, Philippe Weiss, Jason L. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI The Integral Field Spectrograph for the Gemini Planet Imager SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Integral field spectrograph; Extrasolar planets AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a complex optical system designed to directly detect the self-emission of young planets within two arcseconds of their host stars. After suppressing the starlight with an advanced AO system and apodized coronagraph, the dominant residual contamination in the focal plane are speckles from the atmosphere and optical surfaces. Since speckles are diffractive in nature their positions in the field are strongly wavelength dependent, while an actual companion planet will remain at fixed separation. By comparing multiple images at different wavelengths taken simultaneously, we can freeze the speckle pattern and extract the planet light adding an order of magnitude of contrast. To achieve a bandpass of 20%, sufficient to perform speckle suppression, and to observe the entire two arcsecond field of view at diffraction limited sampling, we designed and built an integral field spectrograph with extremely low wavefront error and almost no chromatic aberration. The spectrograph is fully cryogenic and operates in the wavelength range 1 to 2.4 microns with five selectable filters. A prism is used to produce a spectral resolution of 45 in the primary detection band and maintain high throughput. Based on the OSIRIS spectrograph at Keck, we selected to use a lenslet-based spectrograph to achieve an rms wavefront error of approximately 25 nm. Over 36,000 spectra are taken simultaneously and reassembled into image cubes that have roughly 192x192 spatial elements and contain between 11 and 20 spectral channels. The primary dispersion prism can be replaced with a Wollaston prism for dual polarization measurements. The spectrograph also has a pupil-viewing mode for alignment and calibration. C1 [Larkin, James E.; Chilcote, Jeffrey K.; Aliado, Theodore; Brims, George; Canfield, John M.; Fitzgerald, Michael P.; Johnson, Christopher A.; Kress, Evan; Magnone, Kenneth G.; McLean, Ian S.; Weiss, Jason L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bauman, Brian J.; Macintosh, Bruce A.; Palmer, David] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94040 USA. [Cardwell, Andrew; Goodsell, Stephen; Hartung, Markus; Hibon, Pascale; Quiroz, Carlos; Rantakyroe, Fredrik; Sadakuni, Naru; Serio, Andrew] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Dillon, Daren; Thomas, Sandrine J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UARC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Doyon, Rene; Ingraham, Patrick; Vallee, Philippe] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Dunn, Jennifer; Saddlemyer, Leslie] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Graham, James R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ingraham, Patrick; Macintosh, Bruce A.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Konopacky, Quinn M.; Maire, Jerome] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Perrin, Marshall D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Thibault, Simon] Univ Laval, Dept Phys, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Thomas, Sandrine J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Larkin, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM larkin@astro.ucla.edu OI Fitzgerald, Michael/0000-0002-0176-8973 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91471K DI 10.1117/12.2056504 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800051 ER PT S AU Lombardo, S Aldering, G Hoffmann, A Kowalski, M Kusters, D Reif, K Rigault, M AF Lombardo, Simona Aldering, Greg Hoffmann, Akos Kowalski, Marek Kuesters, Daniel Reif, Klaus Rigault, Mickael BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI A flux calibration device for the Super Nova Integral Field Spectrograph (SNIFS) SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Cosmology; calibration; flat field; standard star network AB Observational cosmology employing optical surveys often require precise flux calibration. In this context we present SNIFS Calibration Apparatus (SCALA), a flux calibration system developed for the Super Nova Integral Field Spectrograph (SNIFS), operating at the University of Hawaii 2.2 m telescope. SCALA consists of a hexagonal array of 18 small parabolic mirrors distributed over the face of, and feeding parallel light to, the telescope entrance pupil. The mirrors are illuminated by integrating spheres and a wavelength-tunable (from UV to IR) light source, generating light beams with opening angles of 10. These nearly parallel beams are flat and flux-calibrated at a subpercent level, enabling us to calibrate our "telescope + SNIFS system" at the required precision. C1 [Lombardo, Simona; Hoffmann, Akos] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, Bonn, Germany. [Aldering, Greg] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reif, Klaus] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, Bonn, Germany. RP Lombardo, S (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, Nussallee 12, Bonn, Germany. EM lombardo@physik.uni-bonn.de NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91474R DI 10.1117/12.2055066 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800146 ER PT S AU Maire, J Ingraham, PJ De Rosa, RJ Perrin, MD Rajan, A Savransky, D Wang, JJ Ruffio, JB Wolff, SG Chilcote, JK Doyon, R Graham, JR Greenbaum, AZ Konopacky, QM Larkin, JE Macintosh, BA Marois, C Millar-Blanchaer, M Patience, J Pueyo, LA Sivaramakrishnan, A Thomas, SJ Weiss, JL AF Maire, Jerome Ingraham, Patrick J. De Rosa, Robert J. Perrin, Marshall D. Rajan, Abhijith Savransky, Dmitry Wang, Jason J. Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste Wolff, Schuyler G. Chilcote, Jeffrey K. Doyon, Rene Graham, James R. Greenbaum, Alexandra Z. Konopacky, Quinn M. Larkin, James E. Macintosh, Bruce A. Marois, Christian Millar-Blanchaer, Max Patience, Jennifer Pueyo, Laurent A. Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Thomas, Sandrine J. Weiss, Jason L. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Gemini Planet Imager Observational Calibrations VI: Photometric and Spectroscopic Calibration for the Integral Field Spectrograph SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE spectrophotometry; IFS; data reduction; exoplanets; high-contrast imaging; high angular resolution ID BETA-PICTORIS; HR 8799; ATMOSPHERE; STAR; ASTROMETRY; EXOPLANETS; TELESCOPE; LIBRARY; FLUX AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a new facility instrument for the Gemini Observatory designed to provide direct detection and characterization of planets and debris disks around stars in the solar neighborhood. In addition to its extreme adaptive optics and coronagraphic systems which give access to high angular resolution and high-contrast imaging capabilities, GPI contains an integral field spectrograph providing low resolution spectroscopy across five bands between 0.95 and 2.5 mu m. This paper describes the sequence of processing steps required for the spectro-photometric calibration of GPI science data, and the necessary calibration files. Based on calibration observations of the white dwarf HD 8049 B we estimate that the systematic error in spectra extracted from GPI observations is less than 5%. The flux ratio of the occulted star and fiducial satellite spots within coronagraphic GPI observations, required to estimate the magnitude difference between a target and any resolved companions, was measured in the H-band to be Delta m = 9.23 +/- 0.06 in laboratory measurements and Delta m = 9.39 +/- 0.11 using on-sky observations. Laboratory measurements for the Y, J, K1 and K2 filters are also presented. The total throughput of GPI, Gemini South and the atmosphere of the Earth was also measured in each photometric passband, with a typical throughput in H-band of 18% in the non-coronagraphic mode, with some variation observed over the six-month period for which observations were available. We also report ongoing development and improvement of the data cube extraction algorithm. C1 [Maire, Jerome; Konopacky, Quinn M.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Ingraham, Patrick J.; Macintosh, Bruce A.] Stanford Univ, Kav li Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.; Rajan, Abhijith; Patience, Jennifer] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Perrin, Marshall D.; Pueyo, Laurent A.; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Wang, Jason J.; Graham, James R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Wolff, Schuyler G.; Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Chilcote, Jeffrey K.; Larkin, James E.; Weiss, Jason L.] UCLA, Div Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Doyon, Rene] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Marois, Christian] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Millar-Blanchaer, Max] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M55 3H4, Canada. [Thomas, Sandrine J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Maire, J (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George Str, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. EM maire@dunlap.utoronto.ca; patricki@stanford.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Wang, Jason/0000-0003-0774-6502; Greenbaum, Alexandra/0000-0002-7162-8036 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914785 DI 10.1117/12.2056732 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800247 ER PT S AU Moore, AM Larkin, JE Wright, SA Bauman, B Dunn, J Ellerbroek, B Phillips, AC Simard, L Suzuki, R Zhang, K Aliado, T Brims, G Canfield, J Chen, SJ Dekany, R Delacroix, A Do, T Herriot, G Ikenoue, B Johnson, C Meyer, E Obuchi, Y Pazder, J Reshetov, V Riddle, R Saito, S Smith, R Sohn, JM Uraguchi, F Usuda, T Wang, E Wang, LQ Weiss, J Wooff, R AF Moore, Anna M. Larkin, James E. Wright, Shelley A. Bauman, Brian Dunn, Jennifer Ellerbroek, Brent Phillips, Andrew C. Simard, Luc Suzuki, Ryuji Zhang, Kai Aliado, Ted Brims, George Canfield, John Chen, Shaojie Dekany, Richard Delacroix, Alex Do, Tuan Herriot, Glen Ikenoue, Bungo Johnson, Chris Meyer, Elliot Obuchi, Yoshiyuki Pazder, John Reshetov, Vladimir Riddle, Reed Saito, Sakae Smith, Roger Sohn, Ji Man Uraguchi, Fumihiro Usuda, Tomonori Wang, Eric Wang, Lianqi Weiss, Jason Wooff, Robert BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI The Infrared Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: Instrument Overview SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Infrared Imaging; Infrared Spectroscopy; Integral Field Spectrographs; Adaptive Optics; Extremely Large Telescopes AB We present an overview of the design of IRIS, an infrared (0.84 - 2.4 micron) integral field spectrograph and imaging camera for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). With extremely low wavefront error (<30 nm) and on-board wavefront sensors, IRIS will take advantage of the high angular resolution of the narrow field infrared adaptive optics system (NFIRAOS) to dissect the sky at the diffraction limit of the 30-meter aperture. With a primary spectral resolution of 4000 and spatial sampling starting at 4 milliarcseconds, the instrument will create an unparalleled ability to explore high redshift galaxies, the Galactic center, star forming regions and virtually any astrophysical object. This paper summarizes the entire design and basic capabilities. Among the design innovations is the combination of lenslet and slicer integral field units, new 4Kx4k detectors, extremely precise atmospheric dispersion correction, infrared wavefront sensors, and a very large vacuum cryogenic system. C1 [Moore, Anna M.; Dekany, Richard; Delacroix, Alex; Riddle, Reed; Smith, Roger] Caltech Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Larkin, James E.; Aliado, Ted; Brims, George; Canfield, John; Johnson, Chris; Sohn, Ji Man; Wang, Eric; Weiss, Jason] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wright, Shelley A.; Chen, Shaojie; Do, Tuan; Meyer, Elliot] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Wright, Shelley A.; Do, Tuan; Meyer, Elliot] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Bauman, Brian] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Dunn, Jennifer; Pazder, John; Reshetov, Vladimir; Wooff, Robert] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Ellerbroek, Brent; Wang, Lianqi] Thirty Meter Telescope Observ Corp, Pasadena, CA 91105 USA. [Phillips, Andrew C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, CfAO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Simard, Luc] Natl Res Council Canada, Dominion Astrophys Observ, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Suzuki, Ryuji; Ikenoue, Bungo; Obuchi, Yoshiyuki; Saito, Sakae; Uraguchi, Fumihiro; Usuda, Tomonori] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Zhang, Kai] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Astron Opt & Technol, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Moore, AM (reprint author), Caltech Opt Observ, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM amoore@astro.caltech.edu OI Wright, Shelley/0000-0003-1034-8054 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914724 DI 10.1117/12.2055216 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800069 ER PT S AU Perrin, MD Maire, J Ingraham, P Savransky, D Millar-Blanchaer, M Wolff', SG Ruffio, JB Wang, JJ Draper, ZH Sadakuni, N Marois, C Rajan, A Fitzgerald, MP Macintosh, B Graham, JR Doyon, R Larkin, JE Chilcote, JK Goodsell, SJ Palmer, DW Labrie, K Beaulieu, M De Rosa, RJ Greenbaum, AZ Hartung, M Hibon, P Konapacky, Q Lafreniere, D Lavigne, JF Marchis, F Patience, J Pueyo, L Rantakyro, FT Soummer, R Sivaramakrishnan, A Thomas, S Ward-Duong, K Wiktorowicz, S AF Perrin, Marshall D. Maire, Jerome Ingraham, Patrick Savransky, Dmitry Millar-Blanchaer, Max Wolff', Schuyler G. Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste Wang, Jason J. Draper, Zachary H. Sadakuni, Naru Marois, Christian Rajan, Abhijith Fitzgerald, Michael P. Macintosh, Bruce Graham, James R. Doyon, Rene Larkin, James E. Chilcote, Jeffrey K. Goodsell, Stephen J. Palmer, David W. Labrie, Kathleen Beaulieu, Mathilde De Rosa, Robert J. Greenbaum, Alexandra Z. Hartung, Markus Hibon, Pascale Konapacky, Quinn Lafreniere, David Lavigne, Jean-Francois Marchis, Franck Patience, Jenny Pueyo, Laurent Rantakyroe, Fredrik T. Soummer, Remi Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Thomas, Sandrine Ward-Duong, Kimberly Wiktorowicz, Sloane BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Gemini Planet Imager Observational Calibrations I: Overview of the GPI Data Reduction Pipeline SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE exoplanets; high contrast imaging; integral field spectroscopy; polarimetry; data processing ID INTEGRAL-FIELD SPECTROGRAPH; SOFTWARE AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) has as its science instrument an infrared integral field spectrograph/polarimeter (IFS). Integral field spectrographs are scientificially powerful but require sophisticated data reduction systems. For GPI to achieve its scientific goals of exoplanet and disk characterization, IFS data must be reconstructed into high quality astrometrically and photometrically accurate datacubes in both spectral and polarization modes, via flexible software that is usable by the broad Gemini community. The data reduction pipeline developed by the GPI instrument team to meet these needs is now publicly available following GPI's commissioning. This paper, the first of a series, provides a broad overview of GPI data reduction, summarizes key steps, and presents the overall software framework and implementation. Subsequent papers describe in more detail the algorithms necessary for calibrating GPI data. The GPI data reduction pipeline is open source, available from planetimager. org, and will continue to be enhanced throughout the life of the instrument. It implements an extensive suite of task primitives that can be assembled into reduction recipes to produce calibrated datasets ready for scientific analysis. Angular, spectral, and polarimetric differential imaging are supported. Graphical tools automate the production and editing of recipes, an integrated calibration database manages reference files, and an interactive data viewer customized for high contrast imaging allows for exploration and manipulation of data. C1 [Perrin, Marshall D.; Wolff', Schuyler G.; Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.; Pueyo, Laurent; Soummer, Remi; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Maire, Jerome; Konapacky, Quinn] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Ingraham, Patrick; Macintosh, Bruce] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ingraham, Patrick; Doyon, Rene; Lafreniere, David] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Millar-Blanchaer, Max] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Wolff', Schuyler G.; Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste; Marchis, Franck] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Wang, Jason J.; Graham, James R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Draper, Zachary H.; Marois, Christian] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Draper, Zachary H.; Marois, Christian] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Sadakuni, Naru; Goodsell, Stephen J.; Hartung, Markus; Hibon, Pascale; Rantakyroe, Fredrik T.] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Rajan, Abhijith; De Rosa, Robert J.; Patience, Jenny; Ward-Duong, Kimberly] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Fitzgerald, Michael P.; Larkin, James E.; Chilcote, Jeffrey K.] UCLA, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce; Palmer, David W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Labrie, Kathleen] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Beaulieu, Mathilde] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 7293, Observ Cote Azur, Nice 06108 2, France. [De Rosa, Robert J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Lavigne, Jean-Francois] ABB Inc, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Thomas, Sandrine] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine] UC Santa Cruz, UARC, Santa Cruz, CA 95065 USA. [Wiktorowicz, Sloane] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Perrin, MD (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM mperrin@stsci.edu RI Fitzgerald, Michael/C-2642-2009; Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; OI Fitzgerald, Michael/0000-0002-0176-8973; Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Wang, Jason/0000-0003-0774-6502; Greenbaum, Alexandra/0000-0002-7162-8036 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91473J DI 10.1117/12.2055246 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800109 ER PT S AU Poppett, CL Edelstein, J Besuner, R Silber, JH AF Poppett, Claire L. Edelstein, Jerry Besuner, Robert Silber, Joseph H. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Focal ratio degradation performance of fiber positioning technology used in the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE FRD; spectroscopy; DESI; actuator; fiber ID OPTICAL-FIBERS AB The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment and will be used to conduct a five year survey covering 14,000 deg2 to z=3.5. This survey is accomplished using five thousand robotically positioned optical fibers that can be quickly reconfigured with a 5 pm positioning accuracy. The fiber performance in the near and far field of two types of robotic positioners are currently being investigated: tilting spine mechanical simulators and eccentric axis (or 0 0) positioners. The far field performance of the fiber is important since the instrument efficiency is adversely affected if light from the fibers enters the spectrograph at a faster focal ratio than the spectrograph can accept (f/3.57 in the DESI design). This degradation of the focal ratio of light is caused by light entering the fiber off axis (tiliting positioner) or bending, twisting, and stress of the fiber (eccentric axis) positioner. The stability of the near field intensity distribution of the fiber is important since this determines the spectrograph point spread function (PSF). If the PSF changes from the calibration to the science exposures, this will result in an extraction bias. For DESI, a particular concern is the distortions in the PSF due to movement of the fibers during re-pointing. C1 [Poppett, Claire L.; Silber, Joseph H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Edelstein, Jerry; Besuner, Robert] Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Poppett, CL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM clpoppett@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914763 DI 10.1117/12.2054454 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800184 ER PT S AU Riot, VJ Amdt, K Claver, C Doherty, PE Gilmore, DK Hascall, PA Herrmann, S Kotov, I O'Connor, P Sebag, J Stubbs, CW Warner, M AF Riot, Vincent J. Amdt, Kirk Claver, Chuck Doherty, Peter E. Gilmore, D. Kirk Hascall, Patrick A. Herrmann, Sven Kotov, Ivan O'Connor, Paul Sebag, Jacques Stubbs, Christopher W. Warner, Michael BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI The Guider and Wavefront Curvature Sensor Subsystem for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE LSST; guide sensors; wavefront sensors; ground-based telescope AB The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope instrument include four guiding and wavefront sensing subsystems called corner raft subsystems, in addition to the main science array of 189 4K x 4K CCDs. These four subsystems are placed at the four corners of the instrumented field of view. Each wavefront/guiding subsystem comprises a pair of 4K x 4K guide sensors, capable of producing 9 frames/second, and a pair of offset 2K x 4K wavefront curvature sensors from which the images are read out at the cadence of the main camera system, providing 15 sec integrations. These four guider/wavefront corner rafts are mechanically and electrically isolated from the science sensor rafts and can be installed or removed independently from any other focal plane subsystem. We present the implementation of this LSST subsystem detailing both hardware and software development and status. C1 [Riot, Vincent J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Amdt, Kirk] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Claver, Chuck] LSST Corp, Tucson, AZ USA. [Doherty, Peter E.; Stubbs, Christopher W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gilmore, D. Kirk; Hascall, Patrick A.; Herrmann, Sven] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Kotov, Ivan; O'Connor, Paul] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Warner, Michael] Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. RP Riot, VJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM riot1@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914774 DI 10.1117/12.2056605 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800215 ER PT S AU Savransky, D Thomas, SJ Poyneer, LA Dunn, J Macintosh, BA Sadakuni, N Dillon, D Goodsell, SJ Hartung, M Hibon, P Rantakyro, F Cardwell, A Seriof, A AF Savransky, Dmitry Thomas, Sandrine J. Poyneer, Lisa A. Dunn, Jennifer Macintosh, Bruce A. Sadakuni, Naru Dillon, Daren Goodsell, Stephen J. Hartung, Markus Hibon, Pascale Rantakyroe, Fredrik Cardwell, Andrew Seriof, Andrew CA GPI Team BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Automated Alignment and On-Sky Performance of the Gemini Planet Imager Coronagraph SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Gemini Planet Imager; GPI; high-contrast imaging; AO; automated operation ID PHOTOMETRY; ASTROMETRY AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a next-generation, facility instrument currently being commissioned at the Gemini South observatory. GPI combines an extreme adaptive optics system and integral field spectrograph (IFS) with an apodized-pupil Lyot coronagraph (APLC) producing an unprecedented capability for directly imaging and spectroscopically characterizing extrasolar planets. GPI's operating goal of 10-7 contrast requires very precise alignments between the various elements of the coronagraph (two pupil masks and one focal plane mask) and active control of the beam path throughout the instrument. Here, we describe the techniques used to automatically align GPI and maintain the alignment throughout the course of science observations. We discuss the particular challenges of maintaining precision alignments on a Cassegrain mounted instrument and strategies that we have developed that allow GPI to achieve high contrast even in poor seeing conditions. C1 [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine J.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. [Poyneer, Lisa A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Dunn, Jennifer] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Macintosh, Bruce A.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sadakuni, Naru; Goodsell, Stephen J.; Hartung, Markus; Hibon, Pascale; Rantakyroe, Fredrik; Cardwell, Andrew; Seriof, Andrew] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Dillon, Daren] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Univ Calif Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Savransky, D (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ds264@cornell.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914740 DI 10.1117/12.2055752 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800125 ER PT S AU Smith, RM Dekany, RG Bebek, C Bellm, E Bui, K Cromer, J Gardner, P Hoff, M Kaye, S Kulkarni, S Lambert, A Levi, M Reiley, D AF Smith, Roger M. Dekany, Richard G. Bebek, Christopher Bellm, Eric Bui, Khanh Cromer, John Gardner, Paul Hoff, Matthew Kaye, Stephen Kulkarni, Shrinivas Lambert, Andrew Levi, Michael Reiley, Dan BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI The Zwicky Transient Facility Observing System SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE CCD; mosaic; wide-field; digital correlated double sampling; concurrent clocking; differential signal path; Schmidt telescope; CCD231-C6 AB The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) is a synoptic optical survey for high-cadence time-domain astronomy. Building upon the experience and infrastructure of the highly successful Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) team, ZTF will survey more than an order of magnitude faster than PTF in sky area and volume in order to identify rare, rapidly varying optical sources. These sources will include a trove of supernovae, exotic explosive transients, unusual stellar variables, compact binaries, active galactic nuclei, and asteroids. The single-visit depth of 20.4 mag is well matched to spectroscopic follow-up observations, while the co-added images will provide wide sky coverage 1.5 2 mag deeper than SDS S. The ZTF survey will cover the entire Northern Sky and revisit fields on timescales of a few hours, providing hundreds of visits per field each year, an unprecedented cadence, as required to detect fast transients and variability. This high-cadence survey is enabled by an observing system based on a new camera having 47 deg2 field of view a factor of 6.5 greater than the existing PTF camera equipped with fast readout electronics, a large, fast exposure shutter, faster telescope and dome drives, and various measures to optimize delivered image quality. Our project has already received an initial procurement of e2v wafer-scale CCDs and we are currently fabricating the camera cryostat. International partners and the NSF committed funds in June 2014 so construction can proceed as planned to commence engineering commissioning in 2016 and begin operations in 2017. Public release will allow broad utilization of these data by the US astronomical community. ZTF will also promote the development of transient and variable science methods in preparation for the seminal first light of L SST. C1 [Smith, Roger M.; Dekany, Richard G.; Bellm, Eric; Bui, Khanh; Cromer, John; Gardner, Paul; Kaye, Stephen; Kulkarni, Shrinivas; Reiley, Dan] CALTECH, Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bebek, Christopher; Hoff, Matthew; Lambert, Andrew; Levi, Michael] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smith, RM (reprint author), CALTECH, Opt Observ, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM rsmith@astro.calteche.edu OI Bellm, Eric/0000-0001-8018-5348 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914779 DI 10.1117/12.2070014 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800219 ER PT S AU Wiktorowicz, SJ Millar-Blanchaer, M Perrin, MD Graham, JR Fitzgerald, MP Maire, J Ingrahamm, P Savransky, D Macintosh, BA Thomas, SJ Chilcote, JK Draper, ZH Song, I Cardwell, A Goodsell, SJ Hartung, M Hibon, P Rantakyro, F Sadakuni, N AF Wiktorowicz, Sloane J. Millar-Blanchaer, Max Perrin, Marshall D. Graham, James R. Fitzgerald, Michael P. Maire, Jerome Ingrahamm, Patrick Savransky, Dmitry Macintosh, Bruce A. Thomas, Sandrine J. Chilcote, Jeffrey K. Draper, Zachary H. Song, Inseok Cardwell, Andrew Goodsell, Stephen J. Hartung, Markus Hibon, Pascale Rantakyro, Fredrik Sadakuni, Naru CA GPI Team BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Gemini Planet Imager Observational Calibrations VII: On-Sky Polarimetric Performance of the Gemini Planet SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Polarimetry; coronagraphy; circumstellar disks; adaptive optics; high contrast; interstellar polarizaiton ID INTERSTELLAR LINEAR-POLARIZATION; X-RAY BINARIES; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; STARS AB We present on-sky polarimetric observations with the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) obtained at straight Cassegrain focus on the Gemini South 8-m telescope. Observations of polarimetric calibrator stars, ranging from nearly unpolarized to strongly polarized, enable determination of the combined telescope and instrumental polarization. We find the conversion of Stokes I to linear and circular instrumental polarization in the instrument frame to be I -> (Q(IP), U-IP, P-IP, V-IP) = (-0.037 +/- 0.010%, +0.4338 +/- 0.0075%, 0.4354 +/- 0.0075%, -6.64 +/- 0.56%). Such precise measurement of instrumental polarization enables similar to 0.1% absolute accuracy in measurements of linear polarization, which together with GPI's high contrast will allow GPI to explore scattered light from circumstellar disk in unprecedented detail, conduct observations of a range of other astronomical bodies, and potentially even study polarized thermal emission from young exoplanets. Observations of unpolarized standard stars also let us quantify how well GPI's differential polarimetry mode can suppress the stellar PSF halo. We show that GPI polarimetry achieves cancellation of unpolarized starlight by factors of 100-200, reaching the photon noise limit for sensitivity to circumstellar scattered light for all but the smallest separations at which the calibration for instrumental polarization currently sets the limit. C1 [Wiktorowicz, Sloane J.] UC Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Millar-Blanchaer, Max] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Perrin, Marshall D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Graham, James R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fitzgerald, Michael P.; Chilcote, Jeffrey K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Maire, Jerome] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Ingrahamm, Patrick] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ingrahamm, Patrick] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, UARC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Draper, Zachary H.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Song, Inseok] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Cardwell, Andrew; Hartung, Markus; Hibon, Pascale; Rantakyro, Fredrik; Sadakuni, Naru] Southern Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Goodsell, Stephen J.] Northern Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Wiktorowicz, SJ (reprint author), UC Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM sloanew@ucolick.org RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914783 DI 10.1117/12.2056616 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800245 ER PT B AU Li, Q Wu, G AF Li, Qing Wu, Gang BE Chen, Z Dodelet, JP Zhang, J TI Carbon Composite Cathode Catalysts for Alkaline PEM Fuel Cells SO NON-NOBLE METAL FUEL CELL CATALYSTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; NITROGEN-DOPED GRAPHENE; METAL-FREE ELECTROCATALYSTS; ANION-EXCHANGE-MEMBRANE; ONION-LIKE CARBON; METHANOL ELECTROOXIDATION; O-2 REDUCTION; COBALT OXIDE; EFFICIENT ELECTROCATALYST; NANOFIBER ELECTRODES C1 [Li, Qing; Wu, Gang] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663,Mailstop D429, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wu, Gang/E-8536-2010 OI Wu, Gang/0000-0003-4956-5208 NR 117 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-66490-0; 978-3-527-33324-0 PY 2014 BP 319 EP 356 D2 10.1002/9783527664900 PG 38 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC5BY UT WOS:000353158000010 ER PT B AU Bailey, WD Parkes, MV Kemp, RA Goldberg, KI AF Bailey, Wilson D. Parkes, Marie V. Kemp, Richard A. Goldberg, Karen I. BE Szabo, KJ Wendt, OF TI Reactions of Square-Planar d(8) Pincer Complexes with Oxygen and Hydrogen SO PINCER AND PINCER-TYPE COMPLEXES: APPLICATIONS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PALLADIUM-CATALYZED OXIDATION; METAL-LIGAND COOPERATION; PD-II-HYDROPEROXIDE; H BOND ACTIVATION; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; CARBON-HYDROGEN; HYDRIDE BOND; C-H; REDUCTIVE-ELIMINATION; METHOXIDE COMPLEXES C1 [Bailey, Wilson D.; Goldberg, Karen I.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Parkes, Marie V.; Kemp, Richard A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kemp, Richard A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Bailey, WD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 82 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-68132-7; 978-3-527-33442-1 PY 2014 BP 281 EP 297 D2 10.1002/9783527681303 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA BC5DO UT WOS:000353219400012 ER PT S AU Atcheson, P Domber, J Whiteaker, K Britten, JA Dixit, SN Farmer, B AF Atcheson, Paul Domber, Jeanette Whiteaker, Kevin Britten, Jerald A. Dixit, Shamasundar N. Farmer, Brandon BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI MOIRE - Ground Demonstration of a Large Aperture Diffractive Transmissive Telescope SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Lightweight telescope; diffractive telescope ID FRESNEL ZONE PLATES; SPACE AB The desire to field space-based telescopes with apertures in excess of 10 meter diameter is forcing the development of extreme lightweighted large optomechanical structures. Sparse apertures, shell optics, and membrane optics are a few of the approaches that have been investigated and demonstrated. Membrane optics in particular have been investigated for many years. The MOIRE approach in which the membrane is used as a transmissive diffractive optical element (DOE) offers a significant relaxation in the control requirements on the membrane surface figure, supports extreme lightweighting of the primary collecting optic, and provides a path for rapid low cost production of the primary optical elements. Successful development of a powered meter-scale transmissive membrane DOE was reported in 2012. This paper presents initial imaging results from integrating meter-scale transmissive DOEs into the primary element of a 5-meter diameter telescope architecture. The brassboard telescope successfully demonstrates the ability to collect polychromatic high resolution imagery over a representative object using the transmissive DOE technology. The telescope includes multiple segments of a 5-meter diameter telescope primary with an overall length of 27 meters. The object scene used for the demonstration represents a 1.5 km square complex ground scene. Imaging is accomplished in a standard laboratory environment using a 40 nm spectral bandwidth centered on 650 nm. Theoretical imaging quality for the tested configuration is NIIRS 2.8, with the demonstration achieving NIIRS 2.3 under laboratory seeing conditions. Design characteristics, hardware implementation, laboratory environmental impacts on imagery, image quality metrics, and ongoing developments will be presented. C1 [Atcheson, Paul; Domber, Jeanette; Whiteaker, Kevin] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Britten, Jerald A.; Dixit, Shamasundar N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Farmer, Brandon] NeXolve Corp, Huntsville, AL 35824 USA. RP Atcheson, P (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 91431W DI 10.1117/12.2054104 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800058 ER PT S AU Matsumura, T Akiba, Y Borrill, J Chinone, Y Dobbs, M Fuke, H Hasegawa, M Hattori, K Hattori, M Hazumi, M Holzapfel, W Hori, Y Inatani, J Inoue, M Inoue, Y Ishidoshiro, K Ishino, H Ishitsuka, H Karatsu, K Kashima, S Katayama, N Kawano, I Kibayashi, A Kibe, Y Kimura, K Kimura, N Komatsu, E Kozu, M Koga, K Lee, A Matsuhara, H Mima, S Mitsuda, K Mizukami, K Morii, H Morishima, T Nagai, M Nagata, R Nakamura, S Naruse, M Namikawa, T Natsume, K Nishibori, T Nishijo, K Nishino, H Noda, A Noguchi, T Ogawa, H Oguri, S Ohta, IS Okada, N Otani, C Richards, P Sakai, S Sato, N Sato, Y Segawa, Y Sekimoto, Y Shinozaki, K Sugita, H Suzuki, A Suzuki, T Tajima, O Takada, S Takakura, S Takei, Y Tomaru, T Uzawa, Y Wada, T Watanabe, H Yamada, Y Yamaguchi, H Yamasaki, N Yoshida, M Yoshida, T Yotsumoto, K AF Matsumura, T. Akiba, Y. Borrill, J. Chinone, Y. Dobbs, M. Fuke, H. Hasegawa, M. Hattori, K. Hattori, M. Hazumi, M. Holzapfel, W. Hori, Y. Inatani, J. Inoue, M. Inoue, Y. Ishidoshiro, K. Ishino, H. Ishitsuka, H. Karatsu, K. Kashima, S. Katayama, N. Kawano, I. Kibayashi, A. Kibe, Y. Kimura, K. Kimura, N. Komatsu, E. Kozu, M. Koga, K. Lee, A. Matsuhara, H. Mima, S. Mitsuda, K. Mizukami, K. Morii, H. Morishima, T. Nagai, M. Nagata, R. Nakamura, S. Naruse, M. Namikawa, T. Natsume, K. Nishibori, T. Nishijo, K. Nishino, H. Noda, A. Noguchi, T. Ogawa, H. Oguri, S. Ohta, I. S. Okada, N. Otani, C. Richards, P. Sakai, S. Sato, N. Sato, Y. Segawa, Y. Sekimoto, Y. Shinozaki, K. Sugita, H. Suzuki, A. Suzuki, T. Tajima, O. Takada, S. Takakura, S. Takei, Y. Tomaru, T. Uzawa, Y. Wada, T. Watanabe, H. Yamada, Y. Yamaguchi, H. Yamasaki, N. Yoshida, M. Yoshida, T. Yotsumoto, K. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI LiteBIRD: Mission overview and design tradeoffs SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Inflation; Cosmic microwave background polarization; Space mission; Polarimetry; Millimeter wave-length AB We present the mission design of LiteBIRD, a next generation satellite for the study of B-mode polarization and inflation from cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) detection. The science goal of LiteBIRD is to measure the CMB polarization with the sensitivity of delta r = 0.001, and this allows testing the major single-field slow-roll inflation models experimentally. The LiteBIRD instrumental design is purely driven to achieve this goal. At the earlier stage of the mission design, several key instrumental specifications, e.g. observing band, optical system, scan strategy, and orbit, need to be de fined in order to process the rest of the detailed design. We have gone through the feasibility studies for these items in order to understand the tradeoffs between the requirements from the science goal and the compatibilities with a satellite bus system. We describe the overview of LiteBIRD and discuss the tradeoffs among the choices of scientific instrumental specifications and strategies. The first round of feasibility studies will be completed by the end of year 2014 to be ready for the mission definition review and the target launch date is in early 2020s. C1 [Matsumura, T.; Fuke, H.; Kawano, I.; Komatsu, E.; Matsuhara, H.; Mitsuda, K.; Nishibori, T.; Nishijo, K.; Noda, A.; Sakai, S.; Sato, Y.; Shinozaki, K.; Sugita, H.; Takei, Y.; Yamasaki, N.; Yoshida, T.; Yotsumoto, K.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Tokyo, Japan. [Akiba, Y.; Hazumi, M.; Inoue, Y.; Ishitsuka, H.; Segawa, Y.; Watanabe, H.] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Borrill, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chinone, Y.; Hasegawa, M.; Hattori, K.; Hori, Y.; Kimura, N.; Morii, H.; Nagata, R.; Oguri, S.; Sato, N.; Suzuki, T.; Tajima, O.; Tomaru, T.; Yamaguchi, H.; Yoshida, M.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Dobbs, M.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Hattori, M.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, CIFAR Program Cosmol & Grav, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Ishidoshiro, K.; Morishima, T.] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Holzapfel, W.; Lee, A.; Richards, P.; Suzuki, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Inoue, M.; Kimura, K.; Kozu, M.; Ogawa, H.; Okada, N.] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Sakai, Osaka 591, Japan. [Ishino, H.; Kibayashi, A.; Kibe, Y.; Yamada, Y.] Okayama Univ, Okayama, Japan. [Inatani, J.; Karatsu, K.; Kashima, S.; Noguchi, T.; Sekimoto, Y.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan. [Katayama, N.; Nishino, H.] Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe Kavli IPMU, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Komatsu, E.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Mizukami, K.; Nakamura, S.; Natsume, K.] Yokohama Natl Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240, Japan. [Koga, K.; Mima, S.; Otani, C.] RIKEN, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. [Nagai, M.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Naruse, M.] Saitama Univ, Saitama, Saitama, Japan. [Ohta, I. S.] Konan Univ, Kobe, Hyogo 658, Japan. [Takada, S.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. [Takakura, S.] Osaka Univ, Suita, Osaka, Japan. [Uzawa, Y.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Namikawa, T.] Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 606, Japan. RP Matsumura, T (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Tokyo, Japan. EM tmatsumu@astro.isas.jaxa.jp RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; OI Chinone, Yuji/0000-0002-3266-857X NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 91431F DI 10.1117/12.2055794 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800043 ER PT B AU Chen, QS Ostien, JT Hansen, G AF Chen, Qiushi Ostien, Jakob T. Hansen, Glen GP TMS TI Automatic Differentiation for Numerically Exact Computation of Tangent Operators in Small- and Large-Deformation Computational Inelasticity SO TMS 2014 SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 143rd TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition CY FEB 16-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA DE Automatic Differentiation; Tangent Operators; Constitutive Models; Computational Inelasticity AB Advances in computer software tools and technologies have transformed the way in which finite element codes and associated material models are developed. In this work, we propose a numerically exact approach for computing the sensitivites required to construct local consistent tangent operators in computational inelasticity applications. The tangent operators that come from the derivatives of constitutive equations are necessary for achieving quadratic convergence in integrating material models at the integration point level. Unlike finite difference- based numerical methods, the approach proposed in this work is based on an exact differentiation technique called automatic differentiation (AD). The method is efficient, robust and easy to incorporate. Numerical examples in both small- and large-deformation inelasticity problems with complicated material models are presented to illustrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed method. C1 [Chen, Qiushi] Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29630 USA. [Ostien, Jakob T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mech Mat Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Hansen, Glen] Sandia Natl Labs, Multiphys Simulat Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chen, QS (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29630 USA. RI Ostien, Jakob/K-7053-2012; OI Hansen, Glen/0000-0002-1786-9285 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-118-88985-5; 978-1-118-88972-5 PY 2014 BP 289 EP 296 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC7JK UT WOS:000354941300038 ER PT B AU Borreguero, JM Campbell, SI Delaire, OA Doucet, M Goswami, M Hagen, ME Lynch, VE Proffen, TE Ren, S Savici, AT Sumpter, BG AF Borreguero, Jose M. Campbell, Stuart I. Delaire, Olivier A. Doucet, Mathieu Goswami, Monojoy Hagen, Mark E. Lynch, Vickie E. Proffen, Thomas E. Ren, Shelly Savici, Andrei T. Sumpter, Bobby G. GP TMS TI Integrating Advanced Materials Simulation Techniques into an Automated Data Analysis Workflow at the Spallation Neutron Source SO TMS 2014 SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 143rd TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition CY FEB 16-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA DE workflow; neutron scattering; QUENS; molecular dynamics; Kepler; Sassena; ActiveMQ; Icatproject; Mantid ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB This presentation will review developments on the integration of advanced modeling and simulation techniques into the analysis step of experimental data obtained at the Spallation Neutron Source. A workflow framework for the purpose of refining molecular mechanics forcefields against quasi-elastic neutron scattering data is presented. The workflow combines software components to submit model simulations to remote high performance computers, a message broker interface for communications between the optimizer engine and the simulation production step, and tools to convolve the simulated data with the experimental resolution. A test application shows the correction to a popular fixed-charge water model in order to account polarization effects due to the presence of solvated ions. Future enhancements to the refinement workflow are discussed. This work is funded through the DOE Center for Accelerating Materials Modeling. C1 [Borreguero, Jose M.; Campbell, Stuart I.; Doucet, Mathieu; Hagen, Mark E.; Lynch, Vickie E.; Proffen, Thomas E.; Ren, Shelly; Savici, Andrei T.] ORNL, Neutron Anal & Visualizat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Delaire, Olivier A.] ORNL, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Sumpter, Bobby G.] ORNL, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Borreguero, JM (reprint author), ORNL, Neutron Anal & Visualizat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Borreguero, Jose/B-2446-2009; Savici, Andrei/F-2790-2013; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; OI Ren, Shelly/0000-0002-0311-624X; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Borreguero, Jose/0000-0002-0866-8158; Savici, Andrei/0000-0001-5127-8967; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; Campbell, Stuart/0000-0001-7079-0878; Doucet, Mathieu/0000-0002-5560-6478; Lynch, Vickie/0000-0002-5836-7636 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-118-88985-5; 978-1-118-88972-5 PY 2014 BP 297 EP 308 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC7JK UT WOS:000354941300039 ER PT B AU Anderson, HS Wheeler, JW Larson, KW AF Anderson, Hyrum S. Wheeler, Jason W. Larson, Kurt W. GP TMS TI Compressed Sensing for Fast Electron Microscopy SO TMS 2014 SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 143rd TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition CY FEB 16-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA DE electron microscopy; compressed sensing AB Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) are used in neuroscience and materials science to image square centimeters of sample area at nanometer scales. Since imaging rates are in large part SNR-limited, imaging time is proportional to the number of measurements taken of each sample; in a traditional SEM, large collections can lead to weeks of aroundthe- clock imaging time. We previously reported a single-beam sparse sampling approach that we have demonstrated on an operational SEM for collecting "smooth" images. In this paper, we analyze how measurements from a hypothetical multi-beam system would compare to the single-beam approach in a compressed sensing framework. To that end, multi-beam measurements are synthesized on a single-beam SEM, and fidelity of reconstructed images are compared to the previously demonstrated approach. Since taking fewer measurements comes at the cost of reduced SNR, image fidelity as a function of undersampling ratio is reported. C1 [Anderson, Hyrum S.; Wheeler, Jason W.; Larson, Kurt W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Anderson, HS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-118-88985-5; 978-1-118-88972-5 PY 2014 BP 519 EP 526 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC7JK UT WOS:000354941300063 ER PT B AU Kumar, MA Mahesh, S AF Kumar, M. Arul Mahesh, S. GP TMS TI Banding and texture formation in f.c.c. polycrystals during rolling deformation SO TMS 2014 SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 143rd TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition CY FEB 16-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA DE Crystal plasticity; Shear band; Deformation band; Texture; Rolling ID COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; FCC METALS; MODEL; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALLOYS; BRASS AB Grains of a f.c.c. polycrystals undergo heterogeneous plastic deformation and develop substructures even under imposed homogeneous deformation. The developed intense non-uniformity of deformation leads to shear and deformation banding, and it significantly affects the texture formation. Recently proposed rigid plastic rate-independent crystal plasticity based 'stack of domains' model of a grain (Arul Kumar and Mahesh, 2012), capable to predict banding, is applied to simulate a f.c.c. polycrystalline material under rolling deformation. Subdivision of grains as banding under imposed homogeneous deformation is predicted and mapped over the entire orientation space. The banding predictions are compared with the available experimental observations from the literature and excellent agreement is found. The effect of banding on rolling texture formation is also quantified. C1 [Kumar, M. Arul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mahesh, S.] Indian Inst Technol, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Kumar, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-118-88985-5; 978-1-118-88972-5 PY 2014 BP 581 EP 588 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC7JK UT WOS:000354941300070 ER PT B AU Barker, EI Choi, KS Sun, X AF Barker, Erin I. Choi, Kyoo Sil Sun, Xin GP TMS TI MICROSTUCTURE MODELING TO DUCTILITY PREDICTION OF MG ALLOYS SO TMS 2014 SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 143rd TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition CY FEB 16-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA DE Microstructure; Morphology; Cast Magnesium Alloys ID DIE-CAST AM50; MAGNESIUM ALLOY; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; HCP POLYCRYSTALS; MICROSTRUCTURE; RECONSTRUCTION; ALUMINUM; BEHAVIOR; AZ31 AB Magnesium alloys have become popular alternatives to aluminums and steels for the purpose of vehicle light weighting. However, Mg alloys are hindered from wider application due to limited ductility. Understanding the impact of microstructural features on bulk response is key to more widespread use and moving towards truly predicting capabilities. Cast Mg alloys contain intrinsic (grain size, secondary phases, morphology) and extrinsic (porosity) microstructural features. Both types of features contribute to the bulk properties and in-service failure mechanisms. This study models the intrinsic features using synthetic microstructure models that incorporate material properties from first-principle calculations. We will show that the morphology, not just the volume fraction, of the secondary phase, explains the hardening differences between different AM-series alloys. The resulting "bulk" properties from the intrinsic models are also utilized by extrinsic microstructure models to predict the ductility of Mg alloys. C1 [Barker, Erin I.; Choi, Kyoo Sil; Sun, Xin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Barker, EI (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-118-88985-5; 978-1-118-88972-5 PY 2014 BP 705 EP 712 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC7JK UT WOS:000354941300084 ER PT B AU Lim, HC Rudman, K Krishnan, K McDonald, R Peralta, P Dickerson, P Byler, D Stanek, C McClellan, KJ AF Lim, Harn Chyi Rudman, Karin Krishnan, Kapil McDonald, Robert Peralta, Pedro Dickerson, Patricia Byler, Darrin Stanek, Chris McClellan, Kenneth J. GP TMS TI MICROSTRUCTURALLY EXPLICIT STUDY OF TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN URANIUM OXIDE SO TMS 2014 SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 143rd TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition CY FEB 16-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA DE Microstructure; Percolation; Fission Gas Release ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY NETWORKS; FISSION-GAS RELEASE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DIFFUSION; RESISTANCE; UO2; PERCOLATION; BUBBLES; HELIUM AB Transport mechanisms, such as mass and heat transfer, are critical to the efficiency and the reliability of nuclear fuels such as uranium oxide. These properties can be significantly affected by the microstructure of materials. This paper looks into the effects of grain boundary (GB) Kapitza resistance on the overall thermal conductivity and fission gas transport of UO2 using a 3-D finite element model with microstructurally explicit information. The model developed is created with a reconstruction of the microstructure of depleted uranium samples performed using serial sectioning techniques with Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and Electron Backscattering Diffraction (EBSD). The properties of these microstructural entities are characterized by misorientation angles and Coincident Site Lattice (CSL) models, which provide a framework to assign spatially dependent thermal and mass transfer properties based on the location and connectivity of these entities in actual microstructures. The key feature of this model is the coupling between heat transfer and mass transfer of fission products which makes it a multi-physics model capable of following the evolution of thermal performance as fission products are produced. C1 [Lim, Harn Chyi; Rudman, Karin; Krishnan, Kapil; McDonald, Robert; Peralta, Pedro] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Dickerson, Patricia; Byler, Darrin; Stanek, Chris; McClellan, Kenneth J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Lim, HC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-118-88985-5; 978-1-118-88972-5 PY 2014 BP 1041 EP 1047 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC7JK UT WOS:000354941300123 ER PT J AU Ando, B Baglio, S Beninato, A Bulsara, AR Emery, T Jenkins, C Palkar, V AF Ando, B. Baglio, S. Beninato, A. Bulsara, A. R. Emery, T. Jenkins, C. Palkar, V. GP IEEE TI A coupled nonlinear circuit for E-field and B-field detection SO 2014 IEEE SENSORS APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM (SAS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS) CY FEB 18-20, 2014 CL Queenstown, NEW ZEALAND SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE multiferroics; electric field sensor; magnetic field sensor; coupled nonlinear system AB Multiferroic materials represent a very attractive class of materials due to the coupling between their electric and magnetic orders. A recent paper has demonstrated that a thin film of BDFO shows a good magnetoelectric coupling. Based on such a peculiarity, multiferroic composites can be successfully used to realize sensors of both electric and magnetic fields. This work reports two different ways to realize an E-field and B-field sensor with a thin layer of BDFO. The first approach shows as a single multiferroic device can be used as sensor, while the second approach exploits a coupled system made by three multiferroic devices. The multiferroic device models are presented together with the electronic circuits used in the simulations. C1 [Ando, B.; Baglio, S.; Beninato, A.] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Ingn Elettr Elettron & Informat, I-95125 Catania, Italy. [Bulsara, A. R.; Emery, T.] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Jenkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Palkar, V.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Nanoelect, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. RP Ando, B (reprint author), Univ Catania, Dipartimento Ingn Elettr Elettron & Informat, Viale A Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy. EM salvatore.baglio@dieei.unict.it NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-2180-5 PY 2014 BP 223 EP 227 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BC7EC UT WOS:000354786100045 ER PT S AU Albert, L Doyon, R Kuzmenko, PJ Little, SL Enzor, GS Maszkiewicz, M AF Albert, Loic Doyon, Rene Kuzmenko, Paul J. Little, Steve L. Enzor, Greg S. Maszkiewicz, Michael BE Navarro, R Cunningham, CR Barto, AA TI Space qualification of an antireflection coating on the surface of a ruled grating prism - Increasing the throughput of the Single Object Slit less Spectroscopy mode of NIRISS onboard JWST SO ADVANCES IN OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 23-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Space Application; Grism; AR Coating; Spectroscopy; ZnSe; Near Infrared; Qualification; NIRISS; JWST AB Grating prisms (grism) designed for near-infrared spectroscopy typically make use of high-refractive index materials such as zinc selenide (ZnSe), at the expense of large Fresnel losses (similar to 18%). Part of the loss can be recovered by using anti-reflection (AR) coatings. The technique is however considered risky when applied on the ruled surface of a grating, especially for a space application at cryogenic temperature. Such a grism, made of ZnSe and machined at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is mounted in the Near-Infrared Slit less Spectrograph (NIRISS) onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Its Single Object Slit less Spectrograph (SOSS) observing mode uses the ZnSe grism and a cross-dispersing prism to produce R=700 spectra in orders 1 and 2 to cover the 0.6 to 2.5 microns spectral domain. The ZnSe grism is blazed at 1.23 microns, has a density of 54 lines/mm and its triangular grooves have a depth of 700 nm, a base of 18 microns, with facets angled at 1.9 degrees. Here, an AR coating produced by Thin Film Lab (TFL) and deposited on the ruled surface of a ZnSe grism sample was space qualified. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed no groove profile change pre/post coating despite the large relative thickness of the AR coating to that of the groove depth (similar to 35%). Also, the wavefront error map remained almost unchanged at lambda/8 (peak-to-valley at 632 nm) and survived unscathed through a series of three cryogenic cycles to 20 K. Finally, the transmission gain across our operating spectral range was almost as high as that for a unruled surface covered with the same AR coating (10-15%). C1 [Albert, Loic; Doyon, Rene] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Kuzmenko, Paul J.; Little, Steve L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Enzor, Greg S.] Thin Film Lab Inc, Milford, PA 18337 USA. [Maszkiewicz, Michael] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. RP Albert, L (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Pavillon Roger Gaudry,CP 6128,Succ Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM albert@astro.umontreal.ca NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9619-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9151 AR 915158 DI 10.1117/12.2054404 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WJ UT WOS:000354525500161 ER EF